The Fundamentals of

In-Building Wireless Solutions

Presented By:
Gary Young
Agenda

Introduction to In-Building & Campus Wireless Solutions

Enterprise Market Trends

Benefits of In-Building Wireless Systems

In-Building Wireless Architectures & Technologies

Application Profiles

Wireless Solution Deployment Process/Considerations

Installation Project Phases and Challenges
Stakeholder Considerations
Why The Need For In
In-Building
Building Coverage?
Mobile devices are becoming the preferred
means of communication:
One person one number
Rich Call
Call a person, not a location
Shift in cell phone usage patterns
Outside to inside Mobile
Multimedia Multimedia
Browsing
70%+ of mobile traffic occurs inside buildings
Messaging
Picture
Voice to data Service
Messaging
SMS
E-mail, pictures, video clips, specialized apps
for verticals
Wide area wireless nets are ubiquitous
Messaging
3G/4G data speeds equivalent to WiFi
Shift in operators network build-out and
emphasis Data service is on the rise

2G to 3G to 4G, smaller cells, emphasis on covering

areas of high user density
Large buildings are an important revenue generator
for the mobile operator
Large buildings have a big impact on the overall
performance of the mobile network
K
Keep Th
The U
Users off th
the Building
B ildi H Happy
The advantages for the users of the building
Full mobile coverage
Maximum data performance
Mobility is key
Modern businesses are project oriented
Dynamic project groups
Office relocation is frequent
Open to all operators
Enterprises are reluctant to enter into long-term contracts
with operators
Better pricing with multi operators
Better service profiles
Reduced radiation with ADC
100-1000 times lower exposure
A typical large building needs
Dedicated capacity the same mobile capacity as a
small city!
Always online
4G WiMAX,
WiMAX LTE
E
Enterprise
i B Benefits
fi
Improved quality of service
G d callll connection
Good ti anywhere
h no dropped
d d calls
ll

High speed data connections applications that are actually

compelling

Ubiq ito s wireless

Ubiquitous ireless application access
Use mobile devices anywhere in the building/campus

Convert existing data apps for mobile operations

Improved security wireless cameras, radios
Compliance with local code for Fire / Life / Safety
Employees are always in
touch
In Building Wireless System Solutions
In-Building
What Are The Options?
RF Source (needed for all DAS solutions)
Antenna/Repeater brings in RF from the outdoor cellular network

BTS carrier installed base transceiver station provides dedicated RF

Passive Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

RF is distributed over coax cables to each antenna from an RF source (repeater or base station)

Coax cable losses limit their effectiveness in large buildings for higher frequency transmissions

Active Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

Fiber optic cabling backbone overcomes the transmission losses that occur w/ coax
Fiber-optic coax-based
based system

Electric components convert and amplify signals to RF for radiation by the antenna

Preferred solution for medium to large buildings

Distributed Radios
The systems consist of small cellular radios, called picocells and femtocells to create an internal cellular
network

Do not rely on the macro network for switching and hand-offs

Evolving technology often used for Hotspot solutions

Only wireless carriers can provide this

B tt Data
Better D t Performance
P f
Why will the users prefer to use 3G/4G over WiFi?
Mobility
y
Coherent coverage,
New laptops come with mobile card integrated
Less hassle to g
get service
No need for shopping scratch cards at various WiFi service providers
Less cost per Mb
Seamless billing
g with the mobile p
phone
Fast to connect, no need to scan for WiFi and try to connect
Data speed can easily compare with WiFi
Typical
yp the limitation is not the radio interface of a WiFi AP, but the ADSL backhaul
3G/4G will give faster user speeds
D t Service
Data S i IIs The
Th Future
F t
Data is on the rise
Coax solutions do not perform well with the higher data rates
Was ok when designed for voice service only, but the future is data

Example 3G HSPA coverage

Ch
Channel
l loading
l di will
ill effect
ff t systems
t equally
ll
Coax distribution systems will require as many as 5 times the number of
antennas compared to active DAS

WiMAX might be the next upgrade

Operating on even higher frequencies
Coax loss increases at higher frequencies New laptops come with
integrated 3G data cards

Data is more sensitive to the loss of a coax solution

Active
i systems are better
b ffor d
data iintensive
i llocations
i
Passive Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

Essentially a sprinkler
sprinkler system
system
for cell phone signals
Distribution via large coaxial
cables
L
Losses th
throughh th
the cable
bl lilimitit
the size
New, higher frequency bands
have high loss
Active Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

LAN/WLAN-like topology
Standard structured cabling - fiber
optic and CAT5 or CATV cabling
Less disruptive install
Amplifiers at the antenna point
means zero loss
Significant cost and performance
advantages in medium and large
buildings
Excellent performance regardless
of frequency
Installation Project Phases and Challenges
I B ildi Wi
In-Building Wireless
l IImplementation
l t ti StSteps
Budgetary design usually based on floor plans
Determine which areas of the building require coverage
(entire building, public areas, parking levels, etc.)
Determine the buildings construction materials (sheetrock, metal,
concrete,, etc.))
Determine capacity requirements
Site survey
Confirm RF propagation
p p g
Determine locations for equipment
Confirm antenna locations
Measure interference thresholds
Confirm cable routes and lengths
Power
Security
In-Building Wireless Implementation Scope of Work contd

Carrier requirements/coordination
req irements/coordination
RF Source
Retransmit agreements
Fi l d
Final design
i quotet
Installation
Commissioning & Acceptance
(including as
as-built
built drawings)
Facility and Installation Considerations Potential Cost Impacts

Type of environment - Open layout, dense, mixed use

B ildi construction
Buildings t ti materials
t i l ((sheetrock,
h t k bl block,
k metal,
t l concrete,
t etc.)
t )
RF design goals (required strength of signal)
Is there fiber available?
Are there any special installation requirements?

Conduit required?

Core drilling?
g

Building-code requirement or environmental need based on facility type

Infection control procedures for hospitals?

Working hours, access arrangements

IBEW, CWA, or Non-Union
S
Special
i lRRequirement
i t - Application
A li ti P Profiles
fil
Hospitals
Tenting, incumbent installer, conduit, core drilling, work hour restrictions, validation of
d
drawings
i (l
(lead-lined
d li d walls),
ll ) proper definition
d fi iti off coverage requirements
i t ((e.g. O
Operating
ti
Rooms, boiler rooms, etc.).

Campus
Incumbent installer
installer, validation of facility drawings and fiber map
map, conduit
conduit, work hour
restrictions, core drilling, high lift

Manufacturing
Conduit,, work hour restriction,, lift

Airport
Security clearance, badging, conduit, work hour restriction, lift

Hospitality
Work hour restrictions, historic architecture

Corporate Office
Conduit, work hour restriction, aesthetics, executive row
S
Sample
l PProject
j t Ti
Timeline
li

Date Item Assignment Comments

Budgetary design based on floor plan

Budgetary Design Solutions Provider
coverage analysis/modeling

Benchmarking of existing signal levels and

Solutions Provider, Wireless Service Provider,
Site Walk required coverage areas in-building,
end-user
installation requirements, architecture, etc.

Final system design compiled using site walk

Final Design Solutions Provider
data, customer requirements, etc.

Day 1 Receipt of PO Wireless Service Provider, Solutions Provider

Solutions Provider, Wireless Service Provider, Coordination of material management,

Day 7 Kick-off meeting/ scheduling
end-user installation, resources, etc.

Day 16 Delivery of Product & Material Solutions Provider

Day 17 Installation Solutions Provider Reference SOW & Design

Day 22 Commissioning/ on-Site Acceptance Wireless Service Provider, Solutions Provider

Day 25 Acceptance Wireless Service Provider or end-user

Solutions Provider
Day 28 As-built documentation

*This outlines a typical project flow and timing may vary based on project size and complexity.
Building Evaluation & Design

This diagram
illustrates the
macro signal
penetration
in the
Building.
Design Layout Antenna Locations
Design Layout RF Coverage Design

1900 MHz, 4RF Carriers @ 10 dBm/carrier

-65 dBm -75dBm -85dBm

The Skyscraper Challenges - Quality
Interference & Isolation
User sees signals
g from many
y base stations
Interference
Metallic coated windows attenuates the signal
The result is
Degraded / no service
Dropped calls
Outdoor traffic congestions must not
The solution is to have a dominant signal affect the indoor users
Dedicated capacity
Building
B ildi not a resource d
drain
i on outdoor
d network
k
Not impacted outdoor traffic congestion
Requires a BTS as RF source
Elevator Full Coverage
g
Steel enclosure of the elevator stops the mobile coverage
Difficult with traditional systems
300m+ elevators
In high rise buildings, interference from
distant basestations is a problem
Th Installation
The I t ll ti Challenge:
Ch ll T
Traditional
diti lCCoax

Specific challenges using the traditional design

Large footprint for base station,
station typical 3 x 19
19 rack per operator
Need dedicated room
High Thermal and Power load (10-20kW)
Extensive cable installation
High
Hi h iimpactt iinstallation
t ll ti

Typical High Power base station, Traditional coax installation

one operator
In-Building Business Models
Common Business Models
Carrier/operator pays (traditional model) i.e. Intel, Ford
Carrier covers cost of all equipment, cabling
g and installation
Customer lock-in, through long term contract
Increase in customer satisfaction

Enterprise pays i.e.

i e Google
Google, Sears HQ
Enterprise pays for all equipment, cabling and installation (carrier provides RF
source)
No long term commitment to any carrier
Generally require support of at least 2 carriers on the system

Neutral Host i.e. Casinos, Airports

Bear the burden of CAPEX and project organization
Add technical value and remove all performance risk from the building owner
Focused ownership of the wireless assets to add value throughout the life of the
project
Recurring revenue through lease of the system to the carrier(s)
Responsibilities

Mobile Enterprise/ Manufacturer

Operator Building & local partner

Owner
Design and quality (X) X
DAS equipment X
Installation of DAS (X) (X) X
Installation of BTS X
Maintenance of DAS X (X) X
Maintenance of BS X
Conclusions
Users of the building expect full mobile data service from day one
Indoor systems should be pre installed, like other utilities in the building
Large/Tall buildings need dedicated capacity
DAS systems can reduce mobile output power, resulting in longer battery life and
lower radiation
DAS systems prepare you for the future
2G (GSM, DCS, PCS)
3G (UMTS)
Super3G (HSPA)
WiMAX
A proprietary DAS that gives full freedom in negotiating with all mobile operators,
expanding and moving the system as needed