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German For Beginners in 7 Lessons: Olena Shypilova
German For Beginners in 7 Lessons: Olena Shypilova
German
for beginners
in 7 lessons
Study course
2012
Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Thank you for choosing and joining our on-line German course.
The course consists of 7 lessons. Due to these 7 lessons you will understand that German can be
a very simple language to learn if the study is organized the right way. You havent to invest years into
studying German in language courses or at universities. You can do it here quickly and efficiently. You
should know that the efficiency of any study depends generally on the teacher skills to 80% and on the
willingness of the student only to 20%. Our site is dedicated to introduction of teaching methodology we have
developed. You wouldnt believe its possible to learn any language in such a short period of time? Try out
and get surprised!
The course is composed to explain 70% of German grammar, using words, phrases and idioms you
will need for your everydays communication.
One condition: to avoid the failure that your study becomes one another light-minded attempt to
learn something new, you should use both audio-lessons and your workbook as well as do all exercises
given after each lesson. Taking a new lesson, you should download the audio-lesson first and only
afterwards you can start learning with your workbook. Otherwise, you risk learning pronunciation of sounds,
words and phrases incorrectly, and thus, you wont be able to speak and to be understood by your
communication partner. In audio-lessons some aspects are considered which might not be considered in the
text-version of the course. One lesson will take you about 30 minutes of your time. The total course
duration amounts to 3.5 hours.
We guarantee you that after this course you will have the most important knowledge of German
enough for basic communication. Youll be able to chat with your German friends in Skype, read German
books (certainly, consulting a dictionary), understand YouTube-clips in German and use German web-sites.
Furthermore, youll be one who knows a foreign language more.
If you are not ready to spend 3.5 hours or 3 weeks of your life for this course, dont ever
intend to start it!
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Contents
Lesson 1. Pronounces and verbs. Numerals........................................................................................ 4
Exercise 1.......................................................................................................................................... 6
Exercise 2.......................................................................................................................................... 6
Exercise 3. Verb sein (to be)............................................................................................................. 7
Lesson 2. Questions. ............................................................................................................................ 9
Exercise 1. Ask questions. .............................................................................................................. 10
Exercise 2........................................................................................................................................ 10
Exercise 3........................................................................................................................................ 10
Exercise 4........................................................................................................................................ 12
Exercise 5. Ask questions to marked words. .................................................................................. 13
Additional materials on the topic ..................................................................................................... 14
Lesson 3. Modal verbs........................................................................................................................ 15
Exercise 1. Put verbs into correct form. .......................................................................................... 18
Exercise 2........................................................................................................................................ 19
Exercise 3. Put appropriate modal verbs into blank spaces. .......................................................... 20
Additional materials on the topic ..................................................................................................... 21
Lesson 4. Subordinate clause. ........................................................................................................... 22
Exercise 1. Weil or Damit?.............................................................................................................. 24
Exercise 2. Weil or Damit?.............................................................................................................. 24
Additional materials on the topic ..................................................................................................... 26
Lesson 5. Akkusativ. ........................................................................................................................... 27
Exercise 1. Verb haben (to have).................................................................................................... 29
Exercise 2. Put articles to marked words (Nominativ or Akkusativ)................................................ 30
Exercise 3. Put into correct form. .................................................................................................... 30
Additional materials on the topic ..................................................................................................... 31
Lesson 6. Dativ. .................................................................................................................................. 32
Exercise 1. Put words in brackets into correct case (Nominativ, Akkusativ or Dativ)..................... 33
Exercise 2. Position or direction? Wo or Wohin?............................................................................ 34
Lesson 7. Past Tense. ........................................................................................................................ 35
Exercise 1. Write sentences using the Past Tense Perfekt. ........................................................ 36
Exercise 2. Write sentences using the Past Tense Perfekt. ........................................................ 37
Additional information...................................................................................................................... 38
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Pronouns
ichI
duyou (to your friend, relative or fellow)
er
he
sieshe
esIt
wirwe
ihr
you (to your friends, relatives or fellows,
e.g. Hey, you two!)
Sie you (to your boss(es), unacquainted or
much elder person(s); polite speech);
sie they
Iron rule of German: All German verbs always consist of stem plus ending -en or just -n:
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
To put a verb into correct form, e.g. the verb to live wohnen, and to say correctly: he
lives, and not just: he live, you should take away the -en-ending and add the correct
ending to the stem, depending on the pronoun you want to combine the verb with:
Ich wohn+e I live
Du wohn+st You live (ONE person: friend, relative or fellow)
Er, sie, es wohn+t He, she, it lives
Wir wohn+en We live
Ihr wohn+t You live (MULTIPLE persons: friends, relatives or fellows)
Sie, sie wohn+en You live (polite speech to ONE/MULTIPLE person(s): boss(es),
unacquainted or much elder person(s)), they live
Wohnen
Ich wohn+e
Du wohn+st
Er, sie, es wohn+t
Wir wohn+en
Ihr wohn+t
Sie, sie wohn+en
Lets consider the often used verb to think denken:
Ich denk+e I think
Du denk+st You think
Er, sie, es denk+t He, she, it thinks
Wir denk+en We think
Ihr denk+t You think
Sie, sie denk+en You, they think
Verb heien to have name, to be named, to be called (the letter is read like
s). Without this verb youll be able neither to introduce yourself nor to ask somebody
about his name or the name of any object or action (How is it called if I make signs with a
pen in my notebook? Its called to write. Wie heit es, wenn ich in meinem Helf
Zeichen mit einem Kugelschreiber mache? Das (Es) heit schreiben.) So, as you see,
its a rather important verb.
This verb is conjugated NOT according to the general rule, but for now, it would be
enough if you just keep in your mind its conjugation.
Ich heie My name is
Du heit Your name is
Er,sie,es heit His, her, its name is
Wir heien Our names are
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
You have certainly noticed that some words start whit a capital-letter.
Iron rule of German: all nouns start with capital-letters.
Now, lets try to tell about your age. Well focus upon the most used numerals.
Now, well combine numerals with the very important German verb sein to be.
This verb is conjugated in spite of the general declination rule (as the English verb
to be is), so you just have to keep it in mind:
sein
Ich bin
Du bist
Er, sie, es ist
Wir sind
Ihr seid
Sie, sie sind
Using the verb sein, you can tell about your age:
Ich bin sechsundzwanzig (26) Jahre alt I am twenty six years old.
Er ist vierzig (40) Jahre alt. He is forty years old.
Du bist zwanzig (20) Jahre alt. You are twenty years old.
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
For us its rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail (contact@eustudy.ru).
http://german.eustudy.ru/en 8
Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
In the last lesson you learned how to tell about yourself and your friends.
Now its time to learn asking questions and getting information you need
from your communication partner.
Well, it is very simple:
1. If you have NO interrogative word (how, where, when, why, who etc.), the verb
moves from the second place (remember the iron rule?) upon the first one.
2. If you have ANY interrogative word, it is placed first, and the verb remains its
second place according to the iron rule.
Example:
You work at school. Du arbeitest in der Schule.
1. Arbeitest du in der Schule? Do you work at school?
2. Wo arbeitest du? Where do you work?
We are going to the park Wir gehen in den Park.
1. Gehen wir in den Park? Are we going to the park?
2. Wohin gehen wir? Where are we going?
His name is Martin Er heit Martin.
1. Heit er Martin? Is his name Martin?
2. Wie heit er? What is his name?
Caught any analogy? (Is it a table? What is it? Ist das ein Tisch? Was ist das?)
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Exercise 2.
Paul fragt Steve:
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Exercise 3.
Using interrogative words Wie? Wer? Was? Wo? Wie alt? Wie viel? Wohin?,
make up an interview with Tim.
1. Hallo, Ich frage etwas, OK? (etwas something)
Ja, natrlich. (sure)
2. heit du?
Ich heie Tim.
3. bist du?
Ich bin fnfzehn.
6. Und tut deine Mutter? (tun to do, deine Mutter your mother)
Sie ist Lehrerin. (die Lehrerin teacher (she))
7. arbeitet sie?
Sie arbeitet in der Schule. (die Schule school)
8. Kinder haben deine Eltern? (die Kinder children, deine Eltern your
parents)
Sie haben drei Kinder, ich bin der lteste. (haben to have, der lterste the
eldest (one))
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
13. Vielen Dank fr das Interview, Tim. (Thank you very much for the interview, Tim)
Gern geschehen. (My pleasure)
Check up! http://german.eustudy.ru/en/Unterricht2Aufgabe3_antwort.php
Exercise 4.
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Frage 5: Ihr ruft laut. (You call loudly, rufen to call, laut loudly, loud)
Wo ruft ihr? Was ruft ihr? Wie ruft ihr?
Frage 6: Ich lache jeden Tag. (lachen to laugh, jeden Tag every day)
Wo lachst du? Wann lachst du? Wie lachst du?
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
For us its rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail (contact@eustudy.ru).
http://german.eustudy.ru/en 14
Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Iron rule of German: German verbs have only two places in a sentence: the
second one and the last one.
The verb on the second place is always in a conjugated form. The verb in the very
end of the sentence is either in the infinitive form or in any tense-appropriate form.
Well, in German English variant it would look like this:
I can you on Friday call.
I must everything prepare.
They can it later do.
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Verbs:
1. knnen can, to be able
Sie kann deutsch sprechen She can speak German.
Er kann nicht kommen He cannot come.
Ich kann morgen anrufen I can call tomorrow. (anrufen to call, to phone)
knnen
Ich kann
Du kannst
Er, sie, es kann
Wir knnen
Ihr knnt
Sie, sie knnen
2. mssen/sollen must/should
Ich muss nach Hause gehen I must go home. (nach Hause home (direction))
Du musst deiner Mutter helfen You should help your mother. (deiner Mutter
your mother, helfen to help)
Wir mssen bis morgen warten We must wait till tomorrow. (bis morgen till
tomorrow, warten to wait)
mssen/sollen
Ich muss soll
Du musst sollst
Er, sie, es muss soll
Wir mssen sollen
Ihr msst sollt
Sie, sie mssen sollen
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
4. drfen may
Darf ich fragen? May I ask? (fragen to ask)
Darf ich reinkommen? May I come in? (reinkommen to come in)
drfen
Ich darf
Du darfst
Er, sie, es darf
Wir drfen
Ihr drft
Sie, sie drfen
5. mgen to like
Ich mag Eis. I like ice-cream. (das Eis ice-cream)
Er mag nicht arbeiten. He does not like working.
mgen
Ich mag
Du magst
Er, sie, es mag
Wir mgen
Ihr mgt
Sie, sie mgen
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
1. (knnen) Ich schon gut schwimmen. (schon already, gut good, well,
schwimmen to swim)
2. (mssen) David morgens sehr frh aufstehen. (morgens every
morning, sehr frh very early, aufstehen to get up)
3. (wollen) Du immer neben mir sitzen! (immer always, neben mir next
to me, sitzen to sit)
4. (drfen) Seine Kinder nie etwas sagen. (seine Kinder his children, nie
never, etwas somethimg, sagen to say)
5. (sollen) Du mehr studieren! (mehr more)
6. (wissen) Peter die Antwort nicht. (die Antwort answer)
7. (mgen) Im Sommer ich gern ein Eis. (im Sommer in summer, gern
gladly)
8. (knnen) Meine Eltern heute nicht kommen. (meine Eltern my parents,
heute today)
9. (wollen) Ich springen. (springen to jump)
10. (mssen) Wann du aufstehen?
11. (drfen) Hallo, ich etwas fragen? (etwas something)
12. (wissen) Heinz und Rainer nicht wo sie sind.
13. (mgen) Die Schler ihre Deutschlehrerin. (die Schler pupil, ihre
Deutschlehrerin their German teacher (she))
14. (sollen) Margot, du schweigen! (schweigen to keep quiet)
15. (wollen) Wir um neun Uhr anfangen. (um neun Uhr at 9 oclock,
anfangen to start)
16. (drfen) In der Schule du nicht zu viel reden. (zu viel too much, reden
to talk)
17. (wissen) Ihr immer die richtige Antwort. (immer always, richtig right,
correct, die Antwort answer)
18. (sollen) Morgen ihr zu Doktor Mller kommen. (morgen tomorrow)
19. (knnen) Er am Montag telefonieren. (am Montag on Monday)
20. (wissen) Ich , dass alles richtig ist! (alles everything, all, richtig right,
correct)
Check up! http://german.eustudy.ru/en/Unterricht3Aufgabe1_antwort.php
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Exercise 2.
2. Ich das gern fr dich tun. (fr dich for you, tun to do)
will wollen willst
5. Es ist schon spt, ich gehen. (es ist schon spt its late already, spt
late)
mss muss mssen
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Lets remember how our German English variant of modal verbs usage looks like:
I can you on Friday call. Ich kann dich am Freitag anrufen.
I should everything prepare. Ich soll alles vorbereiten.
They can it later do. Sie knnen spter das machen.
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
For us its rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail (contact@eustudy.ru).
http://german.eustudy.ru/en 21
Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
According to German grammar rules, the verb always remains on the second place
in the declarative sentence:
I learn German. Ich lerne Deutsch.
I am going to Germany. Ich fahre nach Deutschland.
In the main sentence we follow the above mentioned iron rule: Ich lerne Deutsch.
In the subordinate clause you should place the verb in the very end of the
sentence, NOT on the second place! Ich nach Deutschland fahre.
Then, we link these two parts with the conjunction weil because and build up a
correct German sentence (complex sentence).
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
I learn German because Im going to Germany. Ich lerne Deutsch, weil Ich nach
Deutschland fahre.
You remain home because you does not speak German well yet. Sie bleiben zu
Hause, weil Sie noch nicht gut Deutsch sprechen. (bleiben to remain, noch nicht not
yet)
Unfortunately, I am not coming because I am driving my sister to the railway-
station. Leider komme ich nicht, weil ich meine Schwester zum Bahnhof fahre. (leider
unfortunately, meine Schwester my sister, der Bahnhof railway-station, fahren to
drive, to go (by any vehicle))
What should we do if there are two verbs in the dependant part (subordinate
clause)? If we have two verbs in the subordinate clause (its called compound predicate):
ich mchte nach Deutschland fahren (I would like to go to Germany), we should put the
verb which is usually on the second place (the conjugated one) mchte in the very
end of the sentence: ich nach Deutschland fahren mchte.
I learn German because I would like to go to Germany. Ich lerne Deutsch, weil
ich nach Deutschland fahren mchte.
You remain home because you can not speak German well yet. Sie bleiben zu
Hause, weil Sie noch nicht gut Deutsch sprechen knnen. (Many Russians can hear this
sentence at the German embassy when they try to get a visa )
Unfortunately, I can not come because I should drive my sister to the railway-
station Leider kann ich nicht kommen, weil ich meine Schwester zum Bahnhof fahren
soll.
How to say I learn German so that the Germans can understand me?
These two sentences are combined by means of the conjunction
damit so that:
I learn German so that the Germans can understand me. Ich lerne Deutsch,
damit mich die Deutschen verstehen knnen. (die Deutschen the Germans, verstehen
to understand)
Say it one more time so that they dont forget it. Sag es noch einmal, damit sie
es nicht vergessen. (noch einmal one more time, once again, vergessen to forget)
I tell you this story so that you dont do my mistake. Ich erzhle dir diese
Geschichte, damit du meinen Fehler nicht machst. (diese Geschichte this story,
erzhlen to tell, to narrate, der Fehler mistake)
The teacher repeats the rule once again so that all students understand it. Der
Lehrer wiederholt die Regel noch einmal, damit alle Studenten sie verstehen.
(wiederholen to repeat, die Regel rule, verstehen to understand)
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
http://german.eustudy.ru/en 24
Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
http://german.eustudy.ru/en 25
Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
For us its rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail (contact@eustudy.ru).
http://german.eustudy.ru/en 26
Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Lesson 5. Akkusativ.
Before you start, download audio lesson with extended explanation:
http://german.eustudy.ru/en/audiofiles/eng_germ/Unterricht5_voll.mp3
Today we are going to consider German nouns for the first time and to learn how to
operate with them.
For instance, how to say properly:
I work in a cafe and everyday I see a man coming with a woman to the cafe. He
orders a coffee and a fruit-cake and she takes just a cup of tee. In one hour the man
pays, takes the woman by the arm, and they leave.
The marked nouns in the text are direct objects - Accusative (Akkusativ). The
question for the direct object in German is What?, Whom? and Where? (direction). Lets
consider the sentences from the text:
I see (Whom?) a man. He comes (Where?) to the caf. He orders (What?) a coffee
and a fruit cake. She takes (What?) a cup of tee. The man takes (Whom?) the woman by
the arm.
In German it looks the following way:
Masculine
Nominative (Nominativ) This is the (a) man. Das ist der (ein) Mann.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) This is the (a) park. Das ist der (ein) Park.
Accusative (Akkusativ) I see the (a) man. Ich sehe den (einen) Mann.
Wen? (Whom?) Was? (What?) I take the (an) apple. Ich nehme den (einen) Apfel.
Wohin? (Where?) He goes in the park. Er geht in den Park.
Feminine
Nominative (Nominativ) This is the (a) woman. Das ist die (eine) Frau.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) This is the (a) town. Das ist die Stadt.
Accusative (Akkusativ) I see the (a) woman. Ich sehe die (eine) Frau.
Wen? (Whom?) Was? (What?) I take the (a) cup. Ich nehme die (eine) Tasse.
Wohin? (Where?) She goes to the town. Sie fhrt in die Stadt.
Neutral
Nominative (Nominativ) This is the (a) car. Das ist das (ein) Auto.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) This is the (a) cafe. Das ist das (ein) Gasthaus.
Accusative (Akkusativ) I sell the (a) car. Ich verkaufe das (ein) Auto.
Wen? (Whom?) Was? (What?) I take the (a) glas. Ich nehme das (ein) Glas.
Wohin? (Where?) I go th the (a) cafe. Ich gehe in das (ein) Gasthaus.
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Plural
Nominative (Nominativ) These are the (_) people. Das sind die (_) Leute.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) These are the (_) shops. Das sind die (_) Geschfte.
Accusative (Akkusativ) I see the (_) people. Ich sehe die (_) Leute.
Wen? (Whom?) Was? (What?) They go to the (_) shops. Sie gehen in die (_)
Wohin? (Where?) Geschfte.
Youve surely noticed two details. If not, we give you a cue:
First, there is NO INDEFINITE article in the plural form (as in English).
Second, ONLY MASCULINE DEFINITE article der is being changed to den (the
others remain the same):
Masculine Feminine Neutral Plural
der (ein) Mann die (eine) Frau das (ein) Auto die Leute
Nominative (Nominativ) der (ein) die (eine) das (ein) die
Wer? (Who?)
Was? (What?)
Accusative (Akkusativ) den (einen) die (eine) das (ein) die
Wen? (Whom?)
Was? (What?)
Wohin? (Where?)
The verb haben to have. When we use this verb, all nouns (objects), combined
with this verb, have the Accusative-form.
Declination of this verb is an exception of the general rule (as well as for English to
have):
haben
Ich habe
Du hast
Er, sie, es hat
Wir haben
Ihr habt
Sie, sie haben
Germans use negative article kein(e) to negate nouns. You can find very much in
common with the English no:
This is a woman. She has no man. Das ist eine Frau. Sie hat keinen Mann.
I have no time. Ich habe keine Zeit.
But:
This is not a girl. Das ist kein Mdchen.
I do not have any car. Ich habe kein Auto.
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
This is a flat. This is not a flat, this is a house. I have no flat. Das ist eine
Wohnung. Das ist keine Wohnung, das ist ein Haus. Ich habe keine Wohnung.
Its a car. It isnt a car, its a bus. I have no car.. Das ist ein Auto. Das ist kein
Auto, das ist ein Bus. Ich habe kein Auto.
These are friends. They are not friends. He has no friends. Das sind Freunde.
Sie sind keine Freunde. Er hat keine Freunde.
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
1. Wir wollen ein Eis essen. Wir gehen in Eiscaf Venezia (das).
2. Die Mnner stellen die Autos vor Buchhandlung (die). (der Mann man,
die Mnner men, stellen to place, to put, vor before, in front of, die
Buchhandlung bookstore)
3. Die Frau geht in Konditorei (die). (die Konditorei cake-shop)
4. Die Frau braucht eine Zeitung. (brauchen to need, die Zeitung newspaper)
Sie geht an Zeitungskiosk (das).
5. Die Frau mchte Wurst kaufen. (die Wurst sausage, kaufen to buy) Sie geht
in Metzgerei (die). (die Metzgerei butchers)
6. Ich will frisches Obst. Ich gehe auf Markt (der). (frisches Obst fresh
fruits, der Markt market)
7. Wenn ich Pillen brauche, gehe ich in Apotheke (die). (Pillen pills,
tablets)
Check up! http://german.eustudy.ru/en/Unterricht5Aufgabe3_antwort.php
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
And now, lets get back to the text from the beginning of the lesson. You are going to
understand all constructions in it easily now you know much indeed!
I work in a cafe and everyday I see a man coming with a woman to the cafe. He
orders a coffee and a fruit-cake and she takes just a cup of tee. In one hour the man
pays, takes the woman by the arm, and they leave.
Ich arbeite in einem Cafe und sehe jeden Tag einen Mann, der mit einer Frau in
das (in das = ins) Cafe kommt. Er bestellt einen Kaffee und einen Obstkuchen und sie
nimmt nur eine Tasse Tee. In einer Stunde bezahlt der Mann, nimmt die Frau unter den
Arm, und sie gehen weg. (weggehen to leave, to go away).
For us its rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail (contact@eustudy.ru).
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Lesson 6. Dativ.
Before you start, download audio lesson with extended explanation:
http://german.eustudy.ru/en/audiofiles/eng_germ/Unterricht6_voll.mp3
Today were going to continue one of the most difficult issues in German doing it the
simplest and most comfortable way.
And namely, how to say: I give my documents to the man in the office, I buy a
toy in the store, I give flowers to my wife in the cafe.
Here we deal with indirect objects. It accords with Dative (Dativ) in German and
answers questions To whom/which? and Where? (position)
I give my documents (to whom?) to the man (where?) in the office.
I buy a toy (where?) in the store.
I give flowers (to whom?) to my wife (where?) in the cafe.
In English indirect object can be also used without any preposition:
Tell the doctor about youve just told me. (doctor and me are indirect objects
we can recognize them by question (to) whom?)
In German it works like follows:
Masculine
Nominative (Nominativ) This is the (a) man. Das ist der (ein) Mann.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) This is the (a) park. Das ist der (ein) Park.
Dative (Dativ) I tell the (a) man that I am in the (a) park.
Wem? (To whom/which?) Ich sage dem (einem) Mann, dass ich in dem (einem)
Wo? (Where?) Park bin.
Feminine
Nominative (Nominativ) This is the (a) woman. Das ist die (eine) Frau.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) This is the (a) city. Das ist die (eine) Stadt.
Dative (Dativ) I tell the (a) woman that she can buy flowers in the (a) city.
Wem? (To whom/which?) Ich sage der (einer) Frau, dass sie Blumen in der (einer)
Wo? (Where?) Stadt kaufen kann.
Neutral
Nominative (Nominativ) This is the (a) child. Das ist das (ein) Kind.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) This is the (a) store. Das ist das Geschft.
Dative (Dativ) I promise (to) the (a) child to buy a toy in the (a) store. Ich
Wem? (To whom/which?) verspreche dem (einem) Kind, ein Spielzeug in dem
Wo? (Where?) (einem) Geschft zu kaufen.
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Plural
Nominative (Nominativ) These are the people. Das sind die Leute.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) These are the cities. Das sind die Stdte.
Dative (Dativ) I sell cars to the people which live in the cities. Ich verkaufe
Wem? (To whom/which?) den Leuten, die in den Stdten wohnen, die Autos.
Wo? (Where?)
1. (der Mann) Ich frage nach dem Weg. (der Weg way, direction)
2. (der Verkufer) Ich gebe das Geld. (der Verkufer seller)
3. (die Kundin) Ich sehe auf dem Markt. (die Kundin customer (she))
4. (der Ober) Ich habe kein Messer. Ich rufe . (der Ober waiter, das
Messer knife, rufen to call)
5. (die Kinder) Ich kaufe einen Hamburger.
6. (die Kinder) Ich sehe an der Straenecke. (an der Straenecke on the
street corner)
7. (die Lehrerin) Ja, gibt mir mein Zeugnis! (die Lehrerin teacher (she),
das Zeugnis certificate)
8. (die Mnner) Ich sehe bei der Bank. (bei der Bank at the bank)
9. (die Kundin) Ich gebe meine Tte. (die Tte bag, packet)
10. (der Ober) Ja; bringt mir eine Hhnersuppe. (die Hhnersuppe chicken
soup)
11. (das Eis) Ich esse im Sommer. (essen to eat, im Sommer in summer)
12. (der Lehrer) In der Schule sehe ich jeden Tag. (in der Schule in/at the
school, jeden Tag everyday)
13. (die Lehrerin) Am Montag gebe ich meine Hausaufgabe. (am Montag
on Monday, die Hausaufgabe home task)
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
14. (die Mutter) Ja, macht mir morgens mein Frhstck. (morgens in the
morning (every morning), das Frhstck breakfast)
Check up! http://german.eustudy.ru/en/Unterricht6Aufgabe1_antwort.php
For us its rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail (contact@eustudy.ru).
http://german.eustudy.ru/en 34
Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
German Perfekt consists of auxiliary verb haben (to have) or sein (to be) + Prtizip II
(participle II) of the main verb. The construction of Perfekt has very much in common with
the construction of English Perfect Tenses.
So, what about Partizip II? For most verbs they have a simple scheme: prefix ge- +
verb stem + ending -t instead of -en:
to buy kaufen = ge+kauf+t
to seek suchen = ge+such+t
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
There are verbs in German which make Prtizip II in some different ways, for
example just by means of prefix ge-:
to drive fahren = gefahren (English: to work worked, but to drive driven)
to come kommen = gekommen (English: to come come)
to see sehen = gesehen (English: to see seen)
to sleep schlafen = geschlafen (English: to sleep slept)
There are also other models:
to be sein = gewesen (English: to be been)
Such irregular verbs you can find in the end of any dictionary or in the Internet.
Now, well try to make correct sentences. What should we do? We put properly
conjugated auxiliary verb upon the second place in the sentence (remember the iron
rule?), and Partizip II (participle II) of the main verb goes into the very end of the sentence.
Ich suche eine Wohnung in Berlin Ich habe eine Wohnung in Berlin gesucht.
Wir kaufen ein Auto Wir haben ein Auto gekauft.
Er malt ein Bild Er hat ein Bild gemalt. (malen to draw, das Bild picture)
Du arbeitest heute viel Du hast gestern viel gearbeitet. (gestern yesterday)
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Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
As we mentioned, some verbs make Perfekt with auxiliary verb sein. These are
mainly verbs of movement: to drive, to go, to come, to fly, or verbs of state change: to
wake up, to stand up, to fall asleep, to grow, to die.
I come to Berlin I came to Berlin yesterday
Ich komme nach Berlin Ich bin gestern nach Berlin gekommen
Du kommst nach Berlin Du bist gestern nach Berlin gekommen
Er, sie, es kommt nach Berlin Er, sie, es ist gestern nach Berlin gekommen
Wir kommen nach Berlin Wir sind gestern nach Berlin gekommen
Ihr kommt nach Berlin Ihr seid gestern nach Berlin gekommen
Sie, sie kommen nach Berlin Sie, sie sind gestern nach Berlin gekommen
This is it!
For those whod like to download all 7 lessons in one file, you can use these links:
7 lessons in one pdf file: http://german.eustudy.ru/en/voll.pdf
7 lessons in one mp3 file: http://german.eustudy.ru/en/audiofiles/eng_germ/voll.mp3
Key to exercises in one pdf file: http://german.eustudy.ru/en/antworte.pdf
http://german.eustudy.ru/en 37
Olena Shypilova German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Additional information
Thats all to our basic German course, and we hope youve managed everything to
200%. We thank you very much for the time weve been together. Now, as we promised,
you are able to talk to your German friends via Skype, read books consulting a dictionary,
use German web-sites and watch German YouTube-videos. If you feel like not having
understood something, you can anytime review our course using audio lessons and
workbook.
After this course, motivated by your success, you will probably turn on the heat to
travel to Europe which was impossible because of communication barriers. And maybe
you have decided to work for a German company and move to the Old World, or you have
recognized that there is nothing impossible or difficult in the new and concluded to about-
face your life. Anyway, we wish you good luck for your initiatives!
If you want to learn more about German, to work with native speakers and to polish
your skills, we invite you to our webinars, courses and lessons held by teachers from
Germany and Austria.
Learning German at our service and with the support of our professional team, you
are going to score your achievements in a very short time, saving your most valuable
resource time all the while as well.
Detailed schedule of webinars, courses and lessons you can find at our site:
http://german.eustudy.ru/en
http://german.eustudy.ru/en 38