Crime Scene Investigation

Kevin Gorman, Thomas Monahan, Evan Williams,

Casey Zukosky
Case Overview
Doctor Donley decided to throw a party after receiving a
major award. Halfway into the party, she smelt the
almond scent of cyanide and came to the conclusion
that someone must have tried to poison her. She then
kicked everyone out of her house at midnight.
Sometime between midnight and 2, she was beaten by
an unknown person. She was found badly injured at
2am by the Janitor and couldnt recall who had hurt her.
Kat Pack
Dr. Pack was an expert in explosives and had spent
some time in the Navy Seals. Dr. Pack felt that she
should have received the Scientist of the Year
award for her work. Dr. Pack also was an avid
mole keeper. Dr. Donley reportedly made fun of
this past-time of Dr. Packs. She often
mole-napped her moles and held them for ransom
or put them in compromising positions. It is
commonly known that Dr. Pack and Dr. Donley
were avid rivals always trying to one up each
other.
Dr. Kelvin High
Dr. High was jealous of Dr. Donleys popularity and
knowledge of string and M theory. He felt he would
never live up to Dr. Brian Greene in the eyes of Dr.
Donley. If only he could discover the gravitonthen
gravity wouldnt get him down, and he would
impress Dr. Donley and be on top of the world! Dr.
Doodles reported that Dr. High had hit on her sister
at the party, but she turned him down as she has
always had her heart set on Dr. Stretch, an
unrequited love.
Dr. Tide Sheetburger
Dr. Sheetburger was a spy in his previous career,
with much knowledge about poisons, and how to
make them virtually undetectable. Currently he
claims to be just interested in non-living matter
such as rocks and dirt. However, past colleagues
said that they thought Sheetburger might be a
double agent. Dr. Sheetberger is an enigma to
many.
Dr. Latricia Doctor
Dr. Doctor has a Ph.D. in theatrical arts.
She was reportedly furious that Dr. Donley
refused to acknowledge her as a
colleague. Dr. Donley was so egotistical
that she often told Dr. Doctor that her Ph.D.
wasnt in a legitimate content area. Dr.
Doctor vowed to set Dr. Donley straight
about her ignorance! Dr. Doctor
desperately wanted the grant that was
awarded to the science department.
Dr. Austin Newman Powers
Dr. Powers is part of an exclusive
underground cult dedicated to the overthrow
of Monarch University. He has been heard
saying that with Dr. Donley out of the way, the
road would be clear to execute manifest
destiny. He has been heard saying that the US
should still be a colony of Britain! Currently Dr.
Powers whereabouts are unknown. Dr.
Powers was also a good friend of Dr. Islands
and may have known about the blackmail.
Crime Scene Evidence
Blood spattering type: B+
DNA from blood splatter: Dr. High
Fingerprints matched: Dr. Donley
Lip prints matched: Dr. High
Toxicology report: Cyanide was the poison used
The pathogens: TB, smallpox, and HIV were stolen
Primary Suspect: Dr. High
Evidence Against Dr. High
Motive: Jealous of Dr. Donleys popularity and
superior intellect, and believed to have shown love
for her which she denied.

Interview: Claims to have not attended the party

even though his lip prints were on a glass found at
the crime scene.

Blood: Blood found under her nails and on papers in

her lab point to Dr. High.
 Techniques Used: DNA fingerprinting
DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to compare two
sources of DNA by comparing the levels of the bases
and minisatellites in the DNA.
Minisatellites are lengths of DNA that repeat.
This can be used in crime scenes to check possible
suspects. Can also be used to check paternity and
check for genetic diseases.
First used in 1984 by Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys.
DNA fingerprinting is done by comparing minisatellites and how many times they
repeat to establish a difference.
Unless two sources are from identical twins, the chances of two people having the
same fingerprint a miniscule.
DNA Fingerprinting process
DNA fingerprinting is done by extracting DNA
from a sample, such as skin or blood.
Next, restriction enzymes are used to cut the
DNA into thousands of tiny segments.
The segments are separated in a gel using gel
electrophoresis, where the DNA is put in the
gel and a electrical current is run through the
gel to move the negatively charged DNA.
DNA Fingerprinting process cont

Then the DNA segments are blotted

and made into single strands of DNA.
Radioactive minisatellites called probes
are then incubated with the strands,
only the complementary strands bind,
making marked segments.
The marked segments are then visible
to x ray film, revealing patterns, the
fingerprint.
Our DNA Fingerprinting test results
Techniques Used: ELISA Test
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or ELISA, is a test that measures
amounts of antibodies in a sample.
This is used to test if a subject has any of a list of diseases, ranging from
HIV/AIDS to chicken pox.
ELISA Test Process

1. A blood sample is taken from a subject

2. the sample is placed in a petri dish that contains an antigen that the
antibody in question will bind to if present (shape is key to function)
3. The rest of the sample is drained from the dish, leaving only the antibody
and the antigen bound
4. To test if the antibodies are still there, an indicator enzyme is added that
will change color if the antibody is present.
Techniques Used: Fingerprint Analysis
Friction ridges, which are formed in the womb, grow proportionately all
throughout your life and remain unchanged.
The only way to alter one's fingerprint is through permanent scarring.
Each fingerprint is 100% unique to the individual, as such if a researcher can
isolate a fingerprint from a crime scene, they can compare it to that of the
suspects and determine if it them or not.
Fingerprint Analysis cont.
-In order to identify a fingerprint, scientists utilize a number of different techniques.

-Techniques vary depending on the surface the print was left on. Scientists either
sprinkle chemicals such as ninhydrin, or utilize a powder and brush techniques.

In all of the aforementioned techniques a photograph is taken of the

developed fingerprint and inputted into a computer for later analysis.
Individual forensic scientists
Fingerprint Analysis of Crime Scene
-We found a fingerprint on the crime scene.

-It was left on the door of the incubator.

-When analysed and compared with the fingerprints of some of the central figures
in the case, we found that the fingerprint belonged to Dr. Donley.
Techniques Used: Lip-mark Analysis
-Similar to Fingerprints, forensic scientists can
utilize lip imprints left behind at a crime scene as
evidence.

-This can be accomplished through chemical

analysis.

-By analysing the chemicals left behind on a lip

imprint, forensic scientists can determine the brand
/ specific lipstick present.

-The scientist could then see which suspect used

that specific lipstick and correctly determine who
left the lip-imprint.
Lip-Mark Analysis
-In addition to Lip-Stick analysis, we can analyse the imprint left behind.

-Similar to fingerprints, lips each have unique wrinkles, folds and sizes that are
distinctive to each individual.

-Forensic scientists can cross reference any lip imprints found at the scene with
the lip prints of the suspects and make a determination.
Lip-Mark Analysis of Crime Scene
-We discovered a lip imprint on a glass and a napkin.

-When we cross referenced the imprint with those of the suspects we found that
the lip-mark belonged to Dr. Kelvin High.
Techniques Used: Blood Test
-A blood test is used to determine the blood type of a specific sample

-There are 4 different blood types, each being characterized by the different
Antigens and Antibodies present.

Blood Type Antigens Antibodies

O None A and B

A A B

B B A

AB A and B None
Blood Clot Test
-Blood Clot tests are carried out in accordance with the way that blood types work.

-A and B Antibodies are mixed in respectively.

-Your blood cells will clot when mixed with the same antibody.

-If your blood cells stick together when mixed with:

Anti-A serum, you have type A blood

Anti-B serum, you have type B blood
Both anti-A and anti-B serums, you have type AB blood
-If your blood cells dont stick together when anti-A and anti-B are added, you
have type O blood.
Blood Clot Test cont.
Sample blood was drawn from the primary
suspects and mixed with antibodies that caused
the blood to clot depending on what type of blood
it was.
Blood Clots cont.
-We found that the blood present was blood type B+.

-Each of our suspects had their own unique blood type.

-The only suspect who had blood type B+ was Dr. Kelvin High
Pathogens and the Immune System
-The immune system keeps germs out of the body and destroys any that get in. It
is made up of cells and organs that protect the body from infection.

- Lymph nodes are a large part of the immune system. They release white blood
cell that fights infection. These cells travel in your bloodstream and react to
different types of infection caused by bacteria, viruses or other pathogens. White
blood cells engulf bacteria and destroy them with special chemicals.
Pathogens Stolen from the Lab
HIV - HIV attaches to these CD4 cells. The virus then infects the cells and uses
them as a place to multiply. In doing so, the virus destroys the ability of the
infected cells to do their job in the immune system. The body then loses the ability
to fight many infections.

Tuberculosis - Attacks the lungs' first-response immune cells, the macrophages.

The body creates interferons are important for defending the body against viruses,
when it comes to tuberculosis they actually help the bacterium, making the
disease worse.

Smallpox - Infects the body and produces a protein that blocks a wide range of
human interferons, which are molecules produced by our immune systems meant
to stop viral replication.
Toxins and the Immune System
- The body also protects against dangerous chemicals by filtering your blood
through the liver.

- Even chemicals considered to be healthy for the body can be dangerous if too
much is ingested.

- Cyanide was used to attempt to poison Dr. Doodles. Cyanide prevents cells from
absorbing oxygen, essentially suffocating them.

- Some pathogens and toxic chemicals like these elude your immune system,
which can be fatal if left untreated.
Bibliography
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"DNA Fingerprinting." U.S. National Library of Medicine. National Institutes of Health, n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2017.
: Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale De Lausanne. "How the Tuberculosis Bacterium Tricks the Immune System." ScienceDaily, 02 June
2015. Web. 21 Apr. 2017.
"Fingerprints." Crime Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2017.
Forsman, A., and R. A. Weiss. "Why Is HIV a Pathogen?" Trends in Microbiology. U.S. National Library of Medicine, Dec. 2008. Web.
21 Apr. 2017.
"Lipstick Analysis." Hughes Undergraduate Biological Science Education Initiative. University of Colorado, n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2017.
News Staff. "How Smallpox Defeats Our Immune Systems." Science 2.0. N.p., 22 Dec. 2009. Web. 21 Apr. 2017.
"What Is a DNA Fingerprint?" Facts. The Public Engagement Team at the Wellcome Genome Campus, 02 June 2016. Web. 21 Apr.
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