Cng Ph Ton Ngc Huyn LB

MC LC
Ch 1: Hm s v cc ng dng ca o hm .............................................13
I.I. Tnh n iu ca hm s ........................................................................................... 13
A. L thuyt ................................................................................................................ 13
B. Bi tp trong cc thi th ca cc trng .......................................................... 14
Dng 1: Bi ton khng cha tham s ......................................................................................... 14
Bi tp rn luyn k nng ............................................................................... 19
Dng 2: Bi ton cha tham s ....................................................................................................... 21
Bi tp rn luyn k nng ............................................................................... 28
Hng dn gii chi tit ......................................................................................... 29
I.II. Cc tr ca hm s v gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca hm s ......................... 34
A. L thuyt v cc tr ca hm s............................................................................. 34
B. Cc dng ton lin quan n cc tr ....................................................................... 37
Dng 1: Xc nh im cc tr ca hm s, im cc tr ca th hm s, tm gi
tr cc tr ca hm s ............................................................................................................... 37
Dng 2: Tm iu kin hm s c cc tr ............................................................................. 40
Dng 3: Tm iu kin hm s cho c im cc tr tha mn iu kin cho
trc .............................................................................................................................................. 41
3.1. Xt hm s bc bn trng phng c dng y ax 4 bx 2 c a 0 ....... 41
3.2. Xt hm s bc ba c dng y ax 3 bx 2 cx d a 0 ........................ 47
3.3. Xt hm phn thc .................................................................................. 50
c thm: Phng php s dng my tnh cm tay gii nhanh cc bi tp xc

nh tham s m hm f x t cc i (cc tiu) ti x 0 ................................................... 52
Bi tp rn luyn k nng ..................................................................................... 54
Hng dn gii chi tit ......................................................................................... 58
C. L thuyt v gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca hm s .................................... 65
c thm: Phng php gii nhanh cc bi tp tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht
trn on a ;b ........................................................................................................................ 67
c thm: Phng php gii nhanh cc bi tp xc nh m hm s t gi tr
ln nht, gi tr nh nht trn on a ;b .............................................................................. 70
Bi tp rn luyn k nng ..................................................................................... 71
Hng dn gii chi tit ......................................................................................... 74
D. ng dng ca gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht vo thc tin, gii quyt cc vn
ti u .................................................................................................................................... 79
Bi tp rn luyn k nng ..................................................................................... 86
Hng dn gii chi tit ......................................................................................... 91
Mc Lc The best or nothing

I.III. ng tim cn ......................................................................................................... 98

A. L thuyt v ng tim cn ngang ca th hm s......................................... 98
B. L thuyt v ng tim cn ng ca th hm s .......................................... 99
C. Mt s dng ton thng gp lin quan n ng tim cn ca th hm s . 103
Bi tp rn luyn k nng .................................................................................... 105
Hng dn gii chi tit ........................................................................................ 110
I.IV. Cc dng th hm s thng gp ........................................................................ 116

1. Hm s y ax 3 bx 2 cx d a 0 ..................................................................... 116

2. Hm s y ax 4 bx 2 c a 0 ............................................................................. 120
ax b
3. Hm s y
cx d

c 0, ad bc 0 ................................................................... 122

Bi tp rn luyn k nng .......................................................................................... 125

Hng dn gii chi tit .............................................................................................. 133

Ch 2: Hm s ly tha, hm s m hm s logarit ............................... 137

I. Ly tha hm s ly tha ............................................................................................ 137
II. Hm s m ................................................................................................................ 138
III. Logarit: Hm s logarit ............................................................................................... 139
IV. ng dng ca hm s m, hm s logarit trong thc t .......................................................... 140
Bi tp rn luyn k nng .......................................................................................... 150
Hng dn gii chi tit .............................................................................................. 156
V. Phng trnh m, logarit ............................................................................................. 161
1. Cc phng php gii phng trnh, bt phng trnh m logarit ....................... 161
A. a v cng c s ........................................................................................... 161
B. Phng php t n ph ........................................................................................................... 163
C. Phng php logarit ha................................................................................. 168
D. Phng php s dng tnh n iu ca hm s ........................................... 169
VI. Cc bi ton bin i logarit ...................................................................................... 170
1. Tnh mt logarit theo mt logarit cho ............................................................... 170
2. Tnh mt logarit theo hai logarit cho ................................................................ 170
3. S dng my tnh cm tay ..................................................................................... 171
Bi tp rn luyn k nng .......................................................................................... 172
Dng 1: Cc dng ton tm tp xc nh, cc bi ton thi v tnh cht ca cc
hm logarit ................................................................................................................ 172
Dng 2: Cc php bin i m, logarit ................................................................ 175
Dng 3: Gii phng trnh v bt phng trnh m, logarit ............................... 178
Hng dn gii chi tit .............................................................................................. 181
Cng Ph Ton Ngc Huyn LB

Dng 1: Cc dng ton tm tp xc nh, cc bi ton thi v tnh cht ca cc

hm logarit ............................................................................................................................ 181
Dng 2: Cc php bin i m, logarit ................................................................. 183
Dng 3: Gii phng trnh v bt phng trnh m, logarit ............................... 185

Ch 3: Nguyn hm tch phn v ng dng ............................................. 190

I. Nguyn hm v cc tnh cht c bn ............................................................................ 190
II. Hai phng php c bn tm nguyn hm .............................................................. 191
III. Khi nim v cc tnh cht c bn ca tch phn ...................................................... 193
IV. Hai phng php c bn tnh tch phn..................................................................... 195
V. ng dng hnh hc ca tch phn ................................................................................ 195
B sung mt s dng v nguyn hm tch phn ............................................................ 200
Mt s bi ton tch phn gc thng gp ....................................................................... 206
Bi tp rn luyn k nng ................................................................................................. 208
Hng dn gii chi tit ..................................................................................................... 213
VI. ng dng ca nguyn hm, tch phn trong thc t .................................................. 220
Bi tp rn luyn k nng .......................................................................................... 221
Hng dn gii chi tit ............................................................................................... 223

Ch 4: S phc ........................................................................................... 225

A. L thuyt ................................................................................................................. 225
I. S phc ................................................................................................................. 225
II. Cc php ton vi s phc .................................................................................... 226
III. Gii thiu mt s tnh nng tnh ton s phc bng my tnh Casio .................. 227
Bi tp rn luyn k nng .......................................................................................... 228
Hng dn gii chi tit ............................................................................................... 232
c thm: B sung mt s v d khc v s phc ............................................................ 235
1. Bi ton tm s phc c mun ln nht, nh nht ............................................... 235
2. Biu din hnh hc ca s phc, qu tch phc ...................................................... 240
3. Mt s dng ton nng cao v s phc .................................................................. 243

Ch 5: Khi a din v th tch ca mt s khi a din quen thuc ....... 246

I. Khi nim v hnh a din v khi a din .................................................................. 246
II. Khi a din v khi a din u ................................................................................ 249
III. Th tch khi a din.................................................................................................. 249
Bi tp rn luyn k nng ................................................................................................. 260
Hng dn gii chi tit ..................................................................................................... 266
Mc Lc The best or nothing

Ch 6: Mt cu, mt tr, mt nn ............................................................. 277

Bi 1: Mt cu, khi cu ................................................................................................... 277
B sung mt s vn mt cu ngoi tip, ni tip hnh a din ............................. 279
I. Mt cu ngoi tip hnh a din ....................................................................... 279
II. Mt cu ni tip hnh chp, hnh a din ....................................................... 284
Bi tp rn luyn k nng .......................................................................................... 287
Hng dn gii chi tit .............................................................................................. 289
Bi 2: Mt tr, hnh tr, khi tr. Mt nn, khi nn, hnh nn ..................................... 292
Mt nn, hnh nn, khi nn ...................................................................................... 292
Mt tr, hnh tr, khi tr ......................................................................................... 297
Bi tp rn luyn k nng .......................................................................................... 300
Hng dn gii chi tit .............................................................................................. 305

Ch 7: Phng php ta trong khng gian ........................................... 310

H ta trong khng gian .............................................................................................. 310
Phng trnh mt phng .................................................................................................. 312
Phng trnh ng thng............................................................................................... 316
c thm: Bi ton cc tr trong khng gian ............................................................. 320
Bi tp rn luyn k nng .......................................................................................... 323
Hng dn gii chi tit .............................................................................................. 334
Mt cu ................................................................................................................ 348
Bi tp rn luyn k nng .......................................................................................... 351
Hng dn gii chi tit .............................................................................................. 354

Ch 8: Tng n luyn ................................................................................. 357

t luyn s 1 ............................................................................................................... 357
t luyn s 2 ............................................................................................................... 361
t luyn s 3 ............................................................................................................... 365
t luyn s 4 ............................................................................................................... 370
t luyn s 5 ............................................................................................................... 374
t luyn s 6 ............................................................................................................... 379
t luyn s 7 ............................................................................................................... 383
t luyn s 8 ............................................................................................................... 388
t luyn s 9 ............................................................................................................... 393
t luyn s 10.............................................................................................................. 397
 Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 Ngc Huyn LB

I.II Cc tr ca hm s v gi tr ln nht, gi tr
nh nht ca hm s.
A. L thuyt v cc tr ca hm s
y phn I.I ta va hc cch s dng o hm tm khong n iu ca hm
s, khong ng bin, khong nghch bin ca hm s. phn ny ta s xc
im cc i
nh im nm gia khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s, v ngc li.
Nhng im ny c gi l im cc tr ca th hm s. im cc tr bao
gm c im cc i v im cc tiu ca th hm s. th hm s hnh
im cc tiu 1.7 c im cc i l im pha bn tri v im cc tiu pha bn phi
O x
(im c nh du).
Hnh 1.7 1. nh ngha
Cho hm s y f x xc nh v lin tc trn khong a; b ( c th a l ; b l
) v im xo a; b .
a, Nu tn ti s h 0 sao cho f x f x0 vi mi x x0 h; x0 h v x x0 th
ta ni hm s f x t cc i ti x0 .

b, Nu tn ti s h 0 sao cho f x f x0 vi mi x x0 h; x0 h v x x0 th
ta ni hm s f x t cc tiu ti x0 .

Vi hm lin tc th hm s s t cc tr ti im lm cho y ' 0 hoc y '

khng xc nh c th hin hnh 1.8

y im cc i
im cc i y
khng xc nh

O c x O c x

Hnh 1.8

Nu hm s t cc i hoc cc tiu ti x c th x c l im lm cho y '

bng 0 hoc y ' khng xc nh.
2. Ch
Nu hm s f x t cc i (cc tiu) ti x 0 th x 0 c gi l im cc i
STUDY TIP: im cc tr
ca hm s l x c ; cn
(im cc tiu) ca hm s ; f x0 c gi l gi tr cc i (gi tr cc tiu)
im cc tr ca th
hm s l im c ta

ca hm s, k hiu fCD fCT , cn im M x0 ; f x0 c gi l im cc i

M c;f c (im cc tiu) ca th hm s.
Trong cc bi trc nghim thng c cc cu hi a ra nh la th sinh khi phi phn bit gia im
cc tr ca hm s v im cc tr ca im cc tr ca th hm s.
3. iu kin hm s c cc tr

Khi f ' x i du t dng sang m qua x c th x c c gi l im cc
i ca hm s.
Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 The best or nothing

Khi f ' x i du t m sang dng qua x c th x c c gi l im cc
tiu ca hm s.

Hnh 1.9 m t iu kin hm s c cc tr:

im
cc i

y y

im
cc tiu

O c x O c x

y Khng y Khng
phi im phi im
cc tr cc tr

O c x O c x

Hnh 1.9

V d 1: Hm s y x 4 x 3 c im cc tr
3 3
A. x 0; x B. x 0 C. x D. x 1
4 4
y Li gii: Ta c y ' 4x3 3x2 x2 4x 3
x 0
y' 0
x 3
4
x Ta thy y ' khng i du qua x 0 , do vy x 0 khng l im cc tr ca
O
3 3
im cc tiu hm s. V y ' i du t m sang dng quan x do vy x l im cc
4 4
Hnh 1.10
tiu ca hm s.
Hnh 1.10 th hin th hm s , ta thy r im O 0; 0 khng l im cc tr
ca th hm s).
Nu x c l im cc tr ca hm y f x th f ' c 0 hoc f ' c khng xc
nh, nhng nu f ' c 0 th cha chc x c l im cc tr ca hm s.
4. Quy tc tm cc tr
Quy tc 1

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 Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 Ngc Huyn LB

1. Tm tp xc nh.
2. Tnh f ' x . Tm cc im ti f ' x bng 0 hoc khng xc nh.
3. Lp bng bin thin.
4. T bng bin thin suy ra cc tr.
Quy tc 2

1. Tm tp xc nh.
2. Tnh f ' x . Gii phng trnh f ' x 0 v k hiu xi i 1, 2, 3,..., n l cc
nghim ca n.
3. Tnh f '' x v f '' xi .
4. Da vo du ca f '' xi suy ra tnh cht cc tr ca im xi .

V d 2: Cho hm s y x Tm mnh ng trong cc mnh sau:

A. Hm s c mt im cc i.
B. Hm s cho khng c cc tr.
C. Hm s cho c o hm khng xc nh ti x 0 nn khng t cc tr
ti x 0.
D. Hm s cho c o hm khng xc nh ti x 0 nhng t cc tr ti
x0.
p n D
1
Li gii: Ta c y '
2 x
y
y ' khng xc nh ti x 0 , o hm ca hm s i du khi qua x 0 . Nn
hm s t cc tr ti x 0 .
Phn ny c gii thiu sau phn nh ngha: Vi hm lin tc th hm
x s s t cc tr ti im lm cho
y ' 0 hoc y ' khng xc nh.
O
im cc tiu
Hnh 1.11 biu th th hm s y x t c im cc tiu l O 0; 0 .
Hnh 1.11
y
V d 3: Tm tt c cc im cc tr ca hm s y 2 x 3 3 x2 .

x 1

3

im cc i 2
2 2
x Li gii: Ta c y ' 2 x 3 x 3 2
' 2 x 3x 3 ' 2
3 3
O x x

y' khng xc nh ti x 0 ; y ' 0 x 1 . V o hm i du khi qua

im cc tiu x 0; x 1 . Do vy hm s c hai im cc tr l x 0; x 1 .

Hnh 1.12 V d 4: Cho hm s y x 3 mx 2 2 x 1 vi m l tham s. Khng nh no

sau y l ng?
A. Vi mi tham s m, hm s cho lun ch c duy nht mt cc i.
B. Vi mi tham s m, hm s cho lun ch c duy nht mt cc tiu.
C. Vi mi tham s m, hm s cho lun c mt im cc i v mt im
cc tiu.
D. Vi mi tham s m, hm s cho khng c cc tr.
Li gii
Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 The best or nothing
Xt hm s y x 3 mx 2 2 x 1 c y ' 3 x 2 2 mx 2

Xt phng trnh y ' 0 3 x 2 2 mx 2 0 c ' m 2 .3 m2 6 0 .

2

Do vy phng trnh lun c hai nghim phn bit x1 x2 . Mt khc ta c mo

xt du tam thc bc hai trong khc ngoi cng, do vy o hm ca hm s
cho i du nh sau:

y' + +

Vy hm s cho lun c mt im cc i v mt im cc tiu vi mi

tham s m.

B. Cc dng ton lin quan n cc tr

Dng 1: Xc nh im cc tr ca hm s, im cc tr ca th
hm s, tm gi tr cc tr ca hm s.
y l dng ton c bn nht v cc tr, tuy nhin xut hin rt nhiu trong cc
thi th. dng ton ny ta ch p dng cc tnh cht c nu phn A.
Tuy nhin ta i xt cc v d rt ra cc kt qu quan trng.
V d 1 : Hm s no sau y khng c cc tr ?
2x
A. y x 3 3 x 1. B. y .
x3
C. y x 4 4 x 3 3 x 1.
D. y x 2 n 2017 x n *
.
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn L Hng Phong Nam nh)
p n B

STUDY TIP: Hm phn Li gii

thc bc nht trn bc
nht khng c cc tr. Vi A: Ta thy y l hm bc ba c y 3x 2 3 , phng trnh y 0 lun c
hai nghim phn bit nn hm s c hai im cc tr (loi).

Vi B: y l hm phn thc bc nht trn bc nht nn khng c cc tr. Do

ta chn B.

V d 2: Hm s no sau y c ba im cc tr?
A. y x 4 2 x 2 10. B. y x 4 2 x 2 3.
1
C. y x3 3x2 5x 2. D. y 2 x 4 4.
3
(Trch thi th THPT Cng Nghip Ha Bnh)
p n B

Li gii

Ta c th loi lun C bi hm s bc ba ch c nhiu nht l hai cc tr.

Tip theo ta n vi cc hm bc bn. Ta c hm bc bn trng phng c hai

trng hp, hoc l c mt im cc tr, hoc l c ba im cc tr.

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 Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 Ngc Huyn LB

i vi hm bc bn trng phng dng y ax4 bx2 c a 0 .

STUDY TIP: x 0
i vi hm bc bn trng Ta c y ' 4ax 2bx 0
3

phng c dng
2ax 2 b 0 x 2 b
2a
y ax 4 bx 2 c, a 0
S im cc tr ph thuc vo nghim ca phng trnh 2 ax 2 b 0 .
th nu: b
ab 0 th hm s c mt a. Nu 0 tc l a, b cng du hoc b 0 th phng trnh v nghim hoc
2a
im cc tr l x 0 . c nghim x 0 . Khi hm s ch c mt im cc tr l x 0 .
ab 0 th hm s c ba b
im cc tr l
b.Nu 0 tc l a, b tri du th phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit l
2a
b b b
x 0;x . x . Ngha l hm s c ba im cc tr l x 0; x .
2a 2a 2a
n y ta c th suy ra, nu h s ca a, b khc du th hm s bc bn trng
phng c ba cc tr, do vy ta chn lun c B.
Tip tc l mt bi ton p dng kt qu va thu c.
V d 3: Cho hm s y x 4 2 x 2 1. Mnh no di y ng?
A. Hm s c mt cc i v hai cc tiu.
B. Hm s c hai cc i v mt cc tiu.
C. Hm s c mt cc i v khng c cc tiu.
D. Hm s c mt cc i v mt cc tiu.
STUDY TIP: (Trch thi th THPT Phan nh Phng H Ni)
i vi hm bc bn trng
p n B.
phng c dng
y ax 4 bx 2 c, a 0
Li gii
p dng kt qu va thu c ta c kt lun hm s lun c ba im cc tr do
c ab 0 , khi nu:
a. a 0 th x 0 l im hai h s a, b tri du.
b Mt khc h s a 1 0 nn th hm s c dng ch M (mo nh), do vy
cc tiu; x l
2a hm s c hai im cc i v mt cc tiu.
hai im cc i ca hm n y ta tip tc thu c kt lun phn STUDY TIP.
\2 v c bng bin
s.
V d 4: Cho hm s y f ( x) xc nh, lin tc trn
b. a 0 th ngc li
x 0 l im cc i; thin pha di:
b Khng nh no sau y l khng nh ng ?
x l hai im cc
2a A. Hm s t cc i ti im x 0 v t cc tiu ti im x 4 .
tiu ca hm s. B. Hm s c ng mt cc tr.
C. Hm s c gi tr cc tiu bng 1.
D. Hm s c gi tr ln nht bng 1 v gi tr nh nht bng -15.
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn L Hng Phong Nam nh)
x 0 2 4
y 0 + + 0
y 15

1
p n C
Li gii
Nhn vo bng bin thin ta thy c hai gi tr ca x m qua y i du,
l x 0 v x 4 , do vy y l hai im cc tr ca hm s.
Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 The best or nothing
Ta thy y i du t m sang dng khi qua x 0 , do vy x 0 l im cc
tiu ca hm s, ngc li x 4 li l im cc i ca hm s.
T y ta loi c A, B.
Vi D: D sai do y l cc gi tr cc tr, khng gii gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh
nht ca hm s.
Ta chn C bi ti x 0 th hm s c gi tr cc tiu l y 1 .
Tip tc l mt bi ton nhn bng bin thin xc inh tnh ng sai ca
mnh :
V d 5: Hm s y f x lin tc trn v c bng bin thin nh hnh v
bn. Mnh no sau y l ng?
A. Hm s cho c hai im cc tr.
B. Hm s cho khng c gi tr cc i.
C. Hm s cho c ng mt im cc tr.
D. Hm s cho khng c gi tr cc tiu.
x 1 2
y + 0 +
y 3

0
STUDY TIP: p n A
quy tc 1 ta c hm s Li gii
t cc tr ti im khin
Nhn vo bng bin thin ta thy c hai gi tr ca x m khi qua y i du.
cho o hm bng 0 hoc
khng xc nh. Do vy hm s cho c hai im cc tr l x 1; x 2 .
Ch : Nhiu c gi ngh rng ti x 2 khng tn ti y th x 2 khng phi
l im cc tr ca hm s, y l mt sai lm rt ln. Bi hm s vn t cc
tr ti im khin cho o hm khng xc nh.
V d: Hm s y x c o hm khng tn ti khi x 0 nhng t cc tiu ti
x0.

V d 6. Hm s y f x c o hm f ' x x 1 x 3 . Pht biu no sau

2

y l ng?
A. Hm s c mt im cc i
B. Hm s c hai im cc tr
C. Hm s c ng 1 im cc tr
D. Hm s khng c im cc tr
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn HSP HN ln I)
p n C.
Li gii
x 1
Ta thy f x 0
x 3

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 Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 Ngc Huyn LB
n y c nhiu c gi kt lun lun hm s c hai im cc tr, tuy nhin
STUDY TIP: l kt lun sai lm, bi khi qua x 1 th f x khng i du, bi
Trong a thc, du ca a
x 1
2
thc ch i khi qua 0 , x . Do vy hm s ch c ng mt im cc tr l x 3 .
nghim n v nghim
bi l, cn nghim bi Dng 2: Tm iu kin hm s c cc tr.
chn khng khin a thc Ch :
i du. Hm s y f x xc nh trn D c cc tr x0 D tha mn hai iu kin
sau:
i. o hm ca hm s ti x0 phi bng 0 hoc hm s khng c o hm ti x0 .
ii. f ' x phi i du qua x0 hoc f x0 0.
1. i vi hm s bc 3: y ax 3 bx 2 cx d a 0 .
STUDY TIP:
Ta c y 3ax 2 2bx c .
Qua y ta rt ra kt qu,
th hm s bc ba hoc hm s bc ba c cc tr th phng trnh y ' 0 c hai nghim phn bit.
l c hai im cc tr,
hoc l khng c im
0 b2 3ac 0
cc tr no. Ngc li, hm s khng c cc tr th phng trnh y ' 0 v nghim hoc
c nghim duy nht b2 3ac 0 .
2. i vi hm bc bn trng phng dng y ax4 bx2 c a 0 .
x 0
Ta c y ' 4ax3 2bx 0
2ax b 0
2

n y ta c nhn xt hm s bc bn trng phng lun c im cc tr.

S im cc tr ph thuc vo nghim ca phng trnh 2ax2 b 0 .

b
a. Nu 0 tc l a, b cng du hoc b 0 th phng trnh v nghim
2a
hoc c nghim x 0 . Khi hm s ch c mt im cc tr l x 0 .

b
b.Nu 0 tc l a, b tri du th phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit
2a
b b
l x . Ngha l hm s c ba im cc tr l x 0; x .
2a 2a

Dng 3: Tm iu kin hm s cho c im cc tr tha mn

iu kin cho trc.
y 3.1 Xt hm s bc bn trng phng c dng
B C
y ax4 bx2 c , a 0 .

Ta va chng minh dng 2, nu ab 0 th hm s c ba im cc tr l

A
b
x 0; x .
O x 2a

Khi th hm s cho s c ba im cc tr l:

A 0; c ; B ; ; C ; vi b2 4ac (Hnh minh ha)
b b
2a 4a 2a 4a

Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 The best or nothing
4 2
b b b ab2 b2
(Chng minh: ta c f a. b. c 2 c
2 a 2 a 2 a 4 a 2 a
y
ab2 2ab2 4a 2 c ab2 2ab2 4a 2 c ab 2 4ac b 2 4ac
A (pcm))
4a2 4a2 4a2 4a

B b4 b b
C AB AC 2
; BC 2
O x 16a 2a 2a

Bi ton 1: Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s m th hm s

y ax 4 bx 2 c , a 0 c ba im cc tr to thnh tam gic vung.

STUDY TIP: Li gii tng qut

Qua y ta rt ra kt qu,
th hm s Vi ab 0 th hm s c ba im cc tr.
y ax bx c ,
4 2
Do im A 0; c lun nm trn Oy v cch u hai im B, C. Nn tam gic ABC
a 0 c ba im cc tr phi vung cn ti A. iu ny tng ng vi AB AC (do AB AC c sn
to thnh tam gic vung ri).
cn iu kin l
b b2 b b2
b3 Mt khc ta c AB ; ; AC ;
8 . Ta loi c 2a 4a 2a 4a
a
iu kin a, b tri du do
b b4 b3
t cng thc cui cng Do AB AC nn AB.AC 0 2
0 8
thu c th ta lun c a, 2a 16a a
b tri du.
V d 1: Tm tp hp tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s m th hm s
y x 4 8 m2 x 2 3 c 3 im cc tr to thnh ba nh ca mt tam gic vung
cn.
1 1 1 1
A. 0 B. C. D. ;
2 2 2 2
p n D.
Cch 1: Li gii thng thng Cch 2:
p dng cng thc.
TX: D . cc im cc tr

Ta c: y 4 x x 4 m .
2 2
ca th hm s l
ba nh ca mt tam
Hm s c ba im cc tr khi v ch khi phng trnh gic vung cn th
y 0 c 3 nghim phn bit m 0 . b3
8

Lc , ba im cc tr l: A 2 m; 16 m4 3 , a

3
8m2

B 0; 3 , C 2m; 16m 3 .
4

1
8
Nn BA BC . Do , tam gic ABC cn ti B . 1
m
Khi , tam gic ABC vung cn khi v ch khi: 2
BA.BC 0 4m2 256m8 0 1 64m4 0 m 0
1
m 2
.
m 1
2

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Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 Ngc Huyn LB
Nhn xt: R rng vic nh cng thc v lm nhanh hn rt nhiu so vi vic suy ra
tng trng hp mt.
Bi tp rn luyn li cng thc:
STUDY TIP:
c gi nn lm cc bi 1. Cho hm s y x4 2mx2 m2 2 . Tm m hm s c ba im cc tr v cc im
tp rn luyn ny m cc tr ca th hm s l ba nh ca mt tam gic vung?
khng nhn li cng thc
c th ghi nh cng A. m 1 B. m 1 C. m 2 D. m 2
thc lu hn.
(Trch thi th THPT Trn Hng o Nam nh)

2. Cho hm s y f x x 4 2 m 2 x 2 m 2 5m 5 (Cm ) . Gi tr no ca m th
ca hm s cho c cc im cc i, cc tiu to thnh mt tam gic vung cn
thuc khong no sau y?

4 3 3 21 1
A. ; . B. ; . C. 0; . D. 1;0 .
7 2 2 10 2

3. Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s m th hm s
y x 4 m 2015 x 2 2017 c 3 im cc tr to thnh tam gic vung cn.

A. m 2017 B. m 2014 C. m 2016 D. m 2015

4. Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s m th hm s
y x 4 2 m 2016 x 2 2017m 2016 c ba im cc tr to thnh tam gic vung cn.

A. m 2017 B. m 2017 C. m 2018 D. m 2015

5. Tm m th hm s f x x 4 2 m 1 x 2 m 2 c cc im cc i, cc tiu to
thnh mt tam gic vung.

A. m 2. B. m 1. C. m 0. D. m 1.

Bi ton 2: Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s m th hm s

y ax 4 bx 2 c , a 0 c ba im cc tr to thnh tam gic u.

Li gii tng qut

STUDY TIP: Vi ab 0 th hm s c ba im cc tr.
Qua y ta rt ra kt qu,
th hm s Do AB AC , nn ta ch cn tm iu kin AB BC .
y ax bx c ,
4 2
Mt khc ta c
a 0 c ba im cc tr
b4 b b
to thnh tam gic u AB AC 2
; BC 2
16a 2a 2a
b3
th 24 .
a b b4 2b b3
Do vy AB BC 2
24
2a 16a a a

V d 2: Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s m sao cho th ca hm s

y x 4 2mx 2 m 1 c ba im cc tr to thnh mt tam gic u. Ta c kt qu:

A. m 3 B. m 0 C. m 0 D. m 3 3
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn Lam Sn Thanh Ha)
 Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 The best or nothing
p n D.
Li gii
STUDY TIP: p dng cng thc va chng minh trn ta c
Qua y ta rt ra kt qu,
2m 24 m 3 3 .
3
th hm s b3
24
y ax4 bx2 c , a 1
a 0 c ba im cc tr Bi tp rn luyn li cng thc:
to thnh tam gic u
1. Cho hm s y x 4 2 m 2 x 2 m 2 5m 5 C m . Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th
b3
th 24 . th C m c im cc i v im cc tiu, ng thi cc im cc i v im cc
a
M tam gic vung th tiu lp thnh mt tam gic u?
3
b
8 . A. m 2 3 3 B. m 2 3 3 C. m 5 2 3 3 D. m 5 2 3 3
a
Vung -8, u -24
x 3 m 2017 x2 2016 c th (Cm ) . Tm tt c cc gi tr ca
9 4
2. Cho hm s y
8
m sao cho th (Cm ) c ba im cc tr to thnh tam gic u?

A. m 2015 B. m 2016 C. m 2017 D. m 2017

3. Cho hm s y x4 2mx2 2 . Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m sao cho th hm s c

ba im cc tr to thnh tam gic u?

A. m 3 3 B. m 3 3 C. m 3 D. m 3

4. Cho hm s y mx4 2mx2 m . Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m sao cho th

hm s c ba im cc tr to thnh tam gic u.

A. m 3; m 3; m 0 B. m 3; m 3

C. m 0 D. m 3

Bi ton 3: Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m th hm s cc gi tr
y thc ca tham s m th hm s y ax 4 bx 2 c , a 0 c ba im cc
B H C
tr to thnh tam gic c din tch bng S 0 .

Li gii tng qut

A
Gi H l trung im ca BC th lc ny H nm trn ng thng cha on
O x thng BC (hnh v).

b2
Lc ny H 0; AH 0; .Din tch tam gic ABC c tnh bng
4a 4a
2
b
2
STUDY TIP: 1 1 b2
cng thc: SABC .AH.BC So 2 . . 2.
2 4 4a 2a
Qua y ta rt ra kt qu,
th hm s
1 b 4 2b b 5
y ax bx c ,
4 2 S0 2 . . S0
2

4 16a2 a 32 a 3
a 0 c ba im cc tr
to thnh tam gic c
V d 3: Cho hm s y x 4 2 mx 2 2 m m4 . Vi gi tr no ca m th th
din tch l S0 th c iu C c 3 im cc tr, ng thi 3 im cc tr to thnh mt tam gic c
m
5
b din tch bng 4
kin l S 0 2 3
32a A. m 5 16 B. m 16 C. m 3 16 D. m 3 16
(Trch thi th S GD&T Hng Yn, thi th THPT chuyn Lam Sn)

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Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 Ngc Huyn LB
p n A.
Li gii
p dng cng thc trn ta c, hm s c ba im cc tr to thnh mt tam
gic c din tch bng 4 32.a3 S0 2 b5 0 32.13 .4 2 2m 0 m 5 16 .
5

Bi tp rn luyn li cng thc:

1. Cho hm s y x4 2m2x2 1. Vi gi tr no ca m th th hm s cho c 3

im cc tr, ng thi 3 im cc tr to thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 32.
A. m 2; m 2 B. m 0; m 2

C. m 0; m 2 D. m 2; m 2; m 0

2. Cho hm s y f(x) x4 2(m 2)x2 m2 5m 5 . Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m

th hm s cho c 3 im cc tr to thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 1.
A. m 3 B. m 3 C. m 2 D. m 2
3. Cho hm s y 3x4 2mx2 2m m4 . Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m th hm s
cho c ba im cc tr to thnh tam gic c din tch bng 3.
A. m 3 B. m 3 C. m 4 D. m 4
4. Cho hm s y x4 2mx2 m 1 (1) , vi m l tham s thc.Xc nh m hm s
(1) c ba im cc tr, ng thi cc im cc tr ca th to thnh mt tam gic c
din tch bng 4 2 .

A. m 2 B. m 2 C. m 4 D. m 4

Bi ton 4: Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m th hm s cc gi tr
thc ca tham s m th hm s y ax 4 bx 2 c , a 0 c ba im cc
tr to thnh tam gic c din tch ln nht.
Li gii tng qut
b5
bi ton 3 ta c S0 2 .
32 a 3

b
Do vy ta ch i tm Max 3
32a

Bi ton 5: Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m th hm s cc gi tr
thc ca tham s m th hm s y ax 4 bx 2 c , a 0 c ba im cc
tr to thnh tam gic c gc nh cn bng .
Li gii tng qut
STUDY TIP:
Qua y ta rt ra kt qu, Cch 1:
th hm s AB. AC
Ta c cos
y ax bx c ,
4 2
AB. AC
a 0 c ba im cc tr b b4 b b4
AB. AC AB2 .cos 0 .cos 0
to thnh tam gic c gc 2 a 16a 2 a 16 a 2
2

nh l th c iu
b3 8a
b 3 8a 8 a 1 cos b 3 1 cos 0 cos
kin l cos 3 b3 8a
b 8a
Cch 2:

Hoc 8a b3 .tan 2 0. Gi H l trung im ca BC, tam gic AHC vung ti H c:
2
HC BC
tan BC 2 4.AH 2 .tan 2 0 8a b3 .tan 2 0
2 AH 2 AH 2 2
Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 The best or nothing

Bi ton 6: Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m th hm s cc gi tr
thc ca tham s m th hm s y ax 4 bx 2 c , a 0 c ba im cc
tr to thnh tam gic c ba gc nhn.
Li gii tng qut
Do tam gic ABC l tam gic cn nn hai gc y bng nhau. Mt tam gic
khng th c hai gc t, do vy hai gc y ca tam gic ABC lun l gc
nhn. V th cho nn tam gic ABC l tam gic c ba gc nhn th gc nh
phi l gc nhn. Tc l tm iu kin BAC l gc nhn.
STUDY TIP:
b3 8 a
Qua y ta rt ra kt qu, bi ton trn ta va tm c cos BAC cos .
th hm s b3 8 a
y ax4 bx2 c , b3 8a
gc BAC nhn th 0
a 0 c ba im cc tr b3 8a
to thnh tam gic c ba Cch khc rt gn cng thc:
gc nhn th

b. b3 8a 0 . Do cos
AB. AC
nn l gc nhn th
AB. AC
0.
AB. AC AB. AC

b4

b
M AB . AC 0 do AB.AC 0 0 b. b3 8a 0
2a 16a 2

Bi ton 7: Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m th hm s cc gi tr
thc ca tham s m th hm s y ax 4 bx 2 c , a 0 c ba im cc
tr to thnh tam gic c bn knh ng trn ni tip l r .
Li gii tng qut

Ta c S0 p.r (cng thc tnh din tch tam gic theo bn knh ng trn ni
tip).

b5
2.
2S0 32 a 3 b2
r r
AB AC BC b b4 b b3
2 2 4 a .1 1
2 a 16 a 2 2a 8a

Bi ton 8: Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m th hm s cc gi tr
thc ca tham s m th hm s y ax 4 bx 2 c , a 0 c ba im cc
tr to thnh tam gic c bn knh ng trn ngoi tip l R.
Li gii tng qut

AB.BC.CA
Trc tin ta c cc cng thc sau: SABC
4R
Gi H l trung im ca BC, khi AH l ng cao ca tam gic ABC, nn
1 AB.BC.CA
AH.BC 2.R 2 . AH 2 AB4
2 4R
2
b4 b b4 b3 8a
2
2.R . R
16a2 2a 16a2 8. a .b

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Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 Ngc Huyn LB

Bi ton 9: Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m th hm s cc gi tr
thc ca tham s m th hm s y ax 4 bx 2 c , a 0 c ba im cc
tr to thnh tam gic c
a. C di BC m0
b. C AB AC n0

Li gii tng qut

ngay u Dng 3 ta c cc cng thc

A 0; c ; B ; ; C ; vi b2 4 ac
b b

2a 4a 2a 4a

b4 b b
AB AC 2
; BC 2
16a 2a 2a

Do vy y vi cc a, b ta ch cn s dng hai cng thc ny. y l hai

cng thc quan trng, vic nh cng thc p dng l iu cn thit!

Bi ton 10: Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m th hm s cc gi tr

thc ca tham s m th hm s y ax 4 bx 2 c , a 0 c ba im cc
tr to thnh tam gic
a. nhn gc ta O l trng tm.
b. nhn gc ta O lm trc tm.
c. nhn gc ta O lm tm ng trn ngoi tip.
Li gii tng qut

a. Nhn gc ta O lm trng tm.

a. cng thc va nhc li bi ton 9, ta c ta cc im A, B, C th ch cn

x xB xC y yB yC
p dng cng thc xG A ; yG A (vi G l trng tm tam
3 3
gic ABC).
STUDY TIP: b b
0 3.0
Vi nhng dng ton
2a 2a b2
ny, ta lu ta lun c Lc ny ta c 3c 0
b2 b2 2a
tam gic ABC cn ti A,
c c c 3.0
nn ta ch cn tm mt 4a 4a
iu kin l c p n b2 6ac 0
ca bi ton.
b. Nhn gc ta O lm trc tm.
Do tam gic ABC cn ti A, m A nm trn trc Oy nn AO lun vung gc vi
BC. Do vy O l trc tm ca tam gic ABC th ta ch cn tm iu kin
OB AC hoc OC AB .
b b4 b2c
OB AC OB.AC 0 0 b4 8ab 4b2 c 0
2a 16a2 4a
b3 8a 4ac 0
c. Nhn O lm tm ng trn ngoi tip.
tam gic ABC nhn tm O lm tm ng trn ngoi tip th OA OB OC .
M ta lun c OB OC , do vy ta ch cn tm iuk in cho
b b4 2b 2 c 2
OA OB c 2 2
c b4 8ab2 c 8ab 0
2a 16a 4a
b3 8a 8abc 0
Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 The best or nothing

Bi ton 11: Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m th hm s cc gi tr

y thc ca tham s m th hm s y ax 4 bx 2 c , a 0 c ba im cc
tr to thnh tam gic sao cho trc honh chia tam gic ABC thnh hai phn
A
c din tch bng nhau.
Li gii tng qut

Gi M, N l giao im ca AB, AC vi trc honh, k hiu nh hnh v

M O N 2
SAMN OA 1
x Ta c ANM ACB (Do trc honh chia tam gic ABC
SABC AH 2
C thnh hai phn c din tch bng nhau).
B H
AH 2OA b2 4 2 ac

3.2 Xt hm s bc ba c dng y ax3 bx2 cx d, a 0 .

C y 3ax 2 2bx c , hm s c hai im cc tr khi v ch khi phng trnh
y 0 c hai nghim phn bit b2 3ac 0 .

Bi ton 1: Vit phng trnh i qua hai im cc i, cc tiu ca th

hm s y ax 3 bx 2 cx d, a 0 .

Li gii tng qut

Gi s hm bc ba y f x ax3 bx2 cx d, a 0 c hai im cc tr l

x1 ; x2 . Khi thc hin php chia f x cho f ' x ta c
f x Q x . f x Ax B .

f x1 Ax1 B
Khi ta c (Do f x1 f x2 0 ).
f x2 Ax2 B

Vy phng trnh i qua hai im cc i, cc tiu ca th hm s y f x

c dng y Ax B.

n y ta quay tr v vi bi ton ton 1, vy nhim v ca chng ta l i tm

s d mt cch tng qut.
STUDY TIP: Ta c y 3ax2 2bx c ; y 6ax 2b .
Phng trnh ng
thng i qua hai im Xt php chia y cho y th ta c:
cc tr ca th hm s
1 b
bc ba biu din theo y; y y. x g x * , y g x l phng trnh i qua hai im cc tr
y; y l 3 9 a
ca th hm s bc ba.
y.y
g x y
18a 3ax b 6ax 2b
Tip tc ta c * y y. g x y y '. g x
9a 18a
y y .y
y y '. g x g x y
18a 18a

Sau y ti xin gii thiu mt cch bm my tnh tm nhanh phng trnh

ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s bc ba nh sau:
Trc tin ta xt v d n gin:

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 Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 Ngc Huyn LB

V d 1: Phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s

y x 3 2 x 2 3 x 1 l:
A. 26x 9y 15 0 B. 25x 9y 15 0
C. 26x 9y 15 0 D. 25x 9 y 15 0
p n A.
Li gii
Phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s xc nh
bi:
6x 4

g x x 3 2 x 2 3x 1 3x 2 4 x 3 .
18
Chuyn my tnh sang ch tnh ton vi s phc bng cch nhp:
MODE 2:CMPLX
Nhp vo my tnh biu thc g x nh sau:

X 3 2X 2 3X 1 3X 2 4X 3 . 6X18 4
n CALC, gn X bng i ( my tnh i l nt ENG) khi my hin:
5 26
i .
3 9
Vy phng trnh i qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s cho l
5 26
y x 26x 9 y 15 0 .
3 9
Tip theo ta c mt bi tham s.
V d 2: Cho hm s y x3 3x2 3 1 m x 1 3m , tm m sao cho th
hm s c im cc i, cc tiu, ng thi tm ng thng i qua hai im
cc tr ca th hm s cho.
S dng my tnh
A. m 0; : 2mx y 2m 2 0 B. m 0; : 2mx y 2m 2 0
S dng tnh ton vi s C. m 0; : y 202 200 x D. m 0; : y 202 200x
phc gii quyt bi
p n B
ton.
Li gii
Ta c y 3x 6x 3 1 m , y 6x 6 .
2

th hm s c im cc i, cc tiu th 32 9. 1 m 0 m 0 .
STUDY TIP: Vi m 0 th ta thc hin:
Vi nhng dng ton Chuyn my tnh sang ch MODE 2:CMPLX
ny, ta lu rng trc
y
tin, t cn tm iu kin Nhp vo my tnh biu thc y y ta c
hm s c hai cc tr. 18a

X 3 3X 2 3 1 M X 1 3M 3X 2 6X 3 1 M 6X18 6
n CALC
My hin X? nhp i =
My hin M? nhp 100 =
Khi my hin kt qu l 202 200i
Ta thy 202 200i 2.100 2 2.100.i y 2m 2 2mx
Vy phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s
cho c dng 2mx y 2m 2 0 .
Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12
Ta rt ra kt lun v cch lm dng ton vit phng trnh ng thng i qua
hai im cc tr ca th hm bc ba ny nh sau:
STUDY TIP:
Vi bc cui cng, ta
cn c k nng khai trin
a thc s dng my tnh
cm tay, do khun kh
ca sch nn ti khng
th gii thiu vo sch, do
vy mong qu c gi
c thm v phn ny.
The best or nothing
Bc 1: Xc nh y; y .
Bc 2: Chuyn my tnh sang ch tnh ton vi s phc:
MODE 2:CMPLX
y
Nhp biu thc y y . .
18 a
Ch :
Nu bi ton khng cha tham s th ta ch s dng bin X trong my, tuy nhin
nu bi ton c thm tham s, ta c th s dng cc bin bt k trong my biu
th cho tham s cho, trong sch ny ta quy c bin M d nh hnh.
Bc 3: Gn gi tr.

n CALC , gn X vi i, gn M vi 100

Lc ny my hin kt qu, t tch h s v i a ra kt qu cui cng,

ging nh trong hai v d trn.

Bi ton 2: Vit phng trnh i qua hai im cc i, cc tiu ca th hm

s y ax3 bx2 cx d, a 0 .

3.3 Xt hm phn thc.

Trc tin ta xt bi ton lin quan n cc tr hm phn thc ni chung. Ta c
mt kt qu kh quan trng nh sau:
u x
Xt hm s dng f x xc nh trn D
v x
u x .v x u x .v x
th ta c f x .
v2 x
im cc tr ca hm s ny l nghim ca phng trnh
u x .v x u x .v x
f x 0 0
v2 x

u x u x
u ' x .v x u x .v x 0
v x v x
STUDY TIP:
Lu cng thc
ux u x Nhn xt: Biu thc trn c tha mn bi cc gi tr l cc tr ca hm s cho.
gii
v x v x Do , thay v tnh trc tip tung ca cc im cc tr, ta ch cn thay vo biu thc
quyt cc bi ton mt n gin hn sau khi ly o hm c t ln mu. Vn dng tnh cht ny, ta gii
cch nhanh gn hn. quyt c nhiu bi ton lin quan n im cc tr ca hm phn thc.

V d: Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca th hm

ax2 bx c
s y , a 0, a 0 .
ax b
Theo cng thc va nu trn th ta ln lt tm biu thc o hm ca t s
v mu s.

2ax b
Suy ra y l phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr (nu
a
ax2 bx c
c) ca th hm s y , a 0, a 0 .
ax b

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Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 Ngc Huyn LB

Bi tp rn luyn k nng

I. Cc dng tnh ton thng thng lin quan n cc tr

Cu 1: S im cc i ca th hm s y x4 100 y
l:
A. 0 B. 1 C. 3 D. 2
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn Trn Ph- Hi Phng) 3
Cu 2: Hm s y x4 2x2 2017 c bao nhiu im
cc tr?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 0 D. 3 -1 x
(Trch thi th THPT Triu Sn 2)
O 1
1
Cu 3: Cho hm s y x3 4x2 8x 5 c hai im
3
cc tr l x1 , x2 . Hi tng x1 x2 l bao nhiu? -1

A. x1 x2 8 B. x1 x2 8
A. Hm s t gi tr nh nht bng 1 v t gi
C. x1 x2 5 D. x1 x2 5 tr ln nht bng 3
(Trch thi th THPT Triu Sn 2) B. th hm s c im cc tiu A 1; 1 v
Cu 4: Hm s y f x c o hm
im cc i B 1; 3
f ' x x 1 x 3 . Pht bin no sau y l ng?
2

C. Hm s c gi tr cc i bng 1
A. Hm s c mt im cc i D. Hm s t cc tiu ti A 1; 1 v cc i ti
B. Hm s c hai im cc tr
C. Hm s c ng 1 im cc tr B 1; 3
D. Hm s khng c im cc tr (Trch thi th THPT chuyn Lam Sn Thanh Ha)
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn HSP HN) Cu 9: Cho hm s y f x xc nh trn \1;1 ,
Cu 5: th hm s y x3 3x2 1 c im cc i
lin tc trn mi khong xc nh v c bng bin
l:
thin sau:
A. I 2; 3 B. I 0;1
x 1 0 1
C. I 0; 2 D. p n khc y' + + - +
(Trch thi th THPT Kim Thnh Hi Dng) y
Cu 6: Hm s y x4 2x2 2017 c bao nhiu im 3 2 -3

cc tr?
Hi khng nh no di y l khng nh sai?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 0 D. 3
A. Hm s khng c o hm ti x 0 nhng vn
(Trch thi th THPT Triu Sn 2)
t cc tr ti x 0
Cu 7: Cho hm s y x3 3x2 3x 1. Khng nh
B. Hm s t cc tiu ti im x 1
no sau y l ng? C. th hm s c hai tim cn ng l cc ng
A. Hm s t cc tiu ti im x 1 thng x 1 v x 1
B. Hm s ng bin trn 1; v nghch bin D. th hm s c hai tim cn ngang l cc
trn ;1 ng thng y 3 v y 3
C. Hm s t cc i ti im x 1 (Trch thi th THPT chuyn H Long ln I)
D. Hm s ng bin trn Cu 10: Khng nh no sau y l khng nh ng?
(Trch thi th THPT Kim Thnh Hi Dng) 1
A. Hm s y 2 x c hai im cc tr.
Cu 8: Cho hm s y f x c th nh hnh v bn, x1
B. Hm s y 3x3 2016x 2017 c hai im cc tr.
cc khng nh sau khng inh no l ng?
2x 1
C. Hm s y c mt im cc tr.
x 1

Cng Ph Ton by Ngc Huyn LB

Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 The best or nothing

D. Hm s y x4 3x2 2 c mt im cc tr. D. x0 1 c gi l im cc tiu ca hm s

(Trch thi th THPT Kim Lin) (Trch thi th THPT chuyn Vnh Phc ln 3)
Cu 17: Cho hm s y x 3 6 x 2 9 x 2 C . ng
3
Cu 11: S im cc tr ca hm s y x 4 x 3 2

bng: thng i qua im A 1; 1 v vung gc vi ng

A. 2. B. 0. C. 3. D. 4.
thng i qua hai im cc tr ca C l:
(Trch thi th THPT Kim Lin)
Cu 12: Hm s y x4 x2 1 t cc tiu ti: 1
A. y x
3
B. y
1
x
3
A. x 1. B. x 0. 2 2 2 2
C. x 2. D. x 1. C. y x 3 D. x 2 y 3 0
(Trch thi th THPT Kim Lin) Cu 18: Tnh khong cch gia cc im cc tiu ca
Cu 13: Cho hm s y f x xc nh, lin tc trn th hm s y 2 x 4 3x 2 1.
v c bng bin thin: A. 2 4 3
B. 3 C. 2 3 D. 4 3
x -1 0 2 (Trch thi th THPT chuyn HSP ln 2)
y 0 + 0 + Cu 19: Tm tt c cc im cc i ca hm s
y 0 y x4 2x2 1.
A. x 1 B. x 1 C. x 1 D. x 0
-3 -3 (Trch thi th THPT chuyn HSP ln 2)
Khng nh no sau y l khng nh ng ? Cu 20: Hm s y f x lin tc trn v c bng
A. Hm s c ng hai cc tr
bin thin nh hnh v bn. Mnh no sau y l
B. Hm s c gi tr cc tiu bng -1 hoc 1
C. Hm s c gi tr ln nht bng 0 v gi tr nh ng?
nht bng -3 x 1 2
D. Hm s t cc i ti x 0 y + 0 +
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn V Thanh Hu Giang) y 3
Cu 14: Hm s y x 3x 1 t cc tr i ti cc
3 2

im no sau y? 0
A. x 2 B. x 1 A. Hm s cho c hai im cc tr.
C. x 0; x 2 D. x 0; x 1 B. Hm s cho khng c gi tr cc i.
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn Nguyn Tri Hi Dng) C. Hm s cho c ng mt im cc tr.
Cu 15: H thc lin h gia gi tr cc i yC v gi D. Hm s cho khng c gi tr cc tiu.
tr cc tiu yCT ca hm s y x3 2x l: (Trch thi th THPT chuyn H Vinh ln 1)
2
A. yCT yC 0 B. 2 yCT 3yC Cu 21: Cho hm s y x 4 x 3 x 2 . Mnh no
3
C. yCT 2 yC D. yCT yC sau y l ng?
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn Vnh Phc ln 3) A. Hm s c gi tr cc tiu l 0.
Cu 16: Cho hm s y f x xc nh, lin tc trn B. Hm s c hai gi tr cc tiu l
2 5
v .
3 48
v c bng bin thin:
C. Hm s ch c mt gi tr cc tiu.
x 1 0 1 2
y - 0 + 0 - 0 + D. Hm s c gi tr cc tiu l v gi tr cc
3
y 2 5
i l .
48
1 1 (Trch thi th THPT chuyn H Vinh ln 1)
Khng nh no sau y l sai?
Cu 22: Cho hm s y x 1 x 2 . Trung im
2

A. M 0; 2 c gi l im cc i ca hm s
ca on thng ni hai im cc tr ca th hm s
B. f 1 c gi l gi tr cc tiu ca hm s nm trn ng thng no di y?
C. Hm s ng bin trn cc khong 1; 0 v A. 2x y 4 0. B. 2x y 4 0.
C. 2x y 4 0. D. 2x y 4 0.
1;
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn Nguyn Quang Diu)

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Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 Ngc Huyn LB
Cu 23: Cho hm s f c o hm l A. m 0 B. m 0
C. m 0 D. m 0
f x x x 1 x 2 vi mi x
2 3
. S im cc tr
(Trch thi th S GD&T Nam nh)
ca hm s f l Cu 29: Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s m sao
A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3. cho hm s y x3 3x2 mx 1 c hai im cc tr
(Trch thi th Tp ch Ton hc v Tui tr ln 7 & x1 , x2 tha mn x12 x2 2 3.
THPT chuyn KHTN ln 3) A. 3 B. 3
Cu 24: Cho hm s y f ( x) lin tc trn v c
3 3
bng bin thin nh sau: C. D.
2 2
x -2 0
(Trch thi th S GD&T Nam nh)
y + 0 0 +
Cu 30: Tm m hm s:
y 0
y
1 3
3

x mx2 m2 m 1 x 1 t cc tr ti 2 im
-4
x1 , x2 tha mn x1 x2 4.
Khng nh no sau y l khng nh SAI ?
A. Hm s ng bin trn khong (0; ). A. m 2 B. m 2

B. Hm s t cc tiu ti x 0 . C. Khng tn ti m D. m 2
C. Hm s t cc tiu ti x 2 . (Trch thi th THPT chuyn Vnh Phc ln 3)
D. Hm s nghch bin trn khong ( 2; 0) . Cu 31: Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s m sao
cho hm s y x 3 m 1 x 2 3mx 1 t cc tr ti
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn L Qu n)
Cu 25: Cho hm s y f ( x) c o hm im x0 1.
A. m 1 B. m 1
f '( x) ( x 1)2 ( x 2) xc nh trn . Mnh no
C. m 2 D. m 2
sau y l mnh ng? Cu 32: Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s m sao
A. Hm s y f ( x) ng bin trn khong
cho hm s y x4 2mx2 m2 m c ng mt im
( 2; ). cc tr.
B. Hm s y f ( x) t cc i ti x 2. A. m 0 B. m 0
C. Hm s y f ( x) t cc tiu ti x 1. C. m 0 D. m 0
D. Hm s y f ( x) nghch bin trn khong ( 2;1). Cu 33: Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s a sao
1 1
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn L Qu n) cho hm s y x3 x2 ax 1 t cc tr ti x1 , x2
3 2
Cu 26: Kt lun no sau y v cc tr ca hm s
y x5 x l ng?

tha mn: x12 x2 2a x22 x1 2a 9.
A. a 2 B. a 4 C. a 3 D. a 1
1
A. Hm s c im cc i l x . (Trch thi th THPT chuyn Thi Bnh ln 3)
ln 5
Cu 34: Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca m hm s
B. Hm s khng c cc tr.
y 4x3 mx2 12x t cc tiu ti im x 2.
1
C. Hm s c im cc tiu l x . A. m 9 B. m 2
ln 5
C. Khng tn ti m D. m 9
D. Hm s c im cc i l x ln 5. (Trch thi th THPT chuyn Thi Bnh ln 3)
(Trch thi th THPT Yn Lc Vnh Phc) Cu 35: Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s m sao
cho hm s y mx4 m2 2 x2 2 c hai cc tiu v
II. Tm iu kin hm s c cc tr tha mn
mt cc i.
iu kin cho trc.
A. m 2 hoc 0 m 2.
Cu 27: Vi gi tr no ca m th hm s
y x 3 m2 x 2 4m 3 x 1 t cc i ti x 1 ?
B. 2 m 0.
C. m 2.
A. m 1 v m 3 B. m 1
C. m 3 D. m 1 D. 0 m 2.
( Trch thi th S GD&T H Tnh) (Trch thi th THPT Phan nh Phng H Ni)
Cu 36: Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s m sao
Cu 28: Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s m sao
cho th hm s y x4 2mx2 2m c ba im cc
cho hm s y x3 3mx2 3m 1 c 2 im cc tr.
tr to thnh tam gic c din tch bng 1.

Cng Ph Ton by Ngc Huyn LB

Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 The best or nothing
1 cho din tch tam gic IAB t gi tr ln nht khi m
A. m B. m 3
5
4 c gi tr l:
C. m 1 D. m 1 2 3 1 3
A. m B. m
( Trch thi th S GD&T Nam nh) 2 2
Cu 37: Cho hm s y x 3 3mx 1 1 . Cho A 2; 3 , 2 5 2 3
C. m D. m
tm m th hm s 1 c hai im cc tr B v 2 3
(Trch thi th THPT Trn Hng o Ninh Bnh)
C sao cho tam gic ABC cn ti A.
1 3 1 3 Cu 44: Cho hm s
A. m B. m C. m D. m
2 2 2 2
y 2x3 2m 1 x 2 m2 1 x 2 .
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn Nguyn Tri Hi Hi c tt c bao nhiu gi tr nguyn ca tham s m
Dng) hm s cho c hai im cc tr.
Cu 38. Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s m sao A. 4 . B. 5 . C. 3 . D. 6
cho th hm s y x4 2mx2 2m m4 c ba im (Trch thi th THPT Phan nh Phng)
cc tr to thnh mt tam gic u. Cu 45: Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s m
A. m 3 3 B. m 1 3 3 hm s y x 3 x 2 2 m 1 x 4 c ng hai cc tr.
C. m 1 3 3 D. m 3 3 4 2 2 4
A. m . . C. m . D. m .
B. m
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn V Thanh Hu Giang) 3 3 3 3
Cu 39: Tm m th hm s (Trch thi th THPT Phan nh Phng)
y x4 2(m 1)x2 2m 5 c ba im cc tr lp thnh Cu 46: Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm

s y x3 m 5 x 2 mx c cc i, cc tiu v
1 1
tam gic u?
3 2
A. m 1 . B. m 1 3 3 . xC xCT 5.
C. m 1 3 3 . D. m 1 3 . A. m 0 B. m 6
C. m 6; 0 D. m 0; 6
(Trch thi th THPT Cng Nghip Ha Bnh)
Cu 40: Cho hm s y x4 2mx2 m2 2 . Tm m
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn HSP ln 2)
hm s c 3 im cc tr v cc im cc tr ca th
Cu 47: Bit th hm s y ax3 bx2 cx d c 2
hm s l ba nh ca mt tam gic vung cn?
im cc tr l 1;18 v 3; 16 . Tnh a b c d.
A. m 1. B. m 1. C. m 2. D. m 2.
(Trch thi th THPT Trn Hng o Ninh Bnh) A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
Cu 41: Cho hm s y x4 mx2 2m 1 c th (Trch thi th THPT chuyn KHTN ln 3)
Cu 48: Vi gi tr no ca ca tham s thc m th
C .
m Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m C m c 3 im x1 l im cc tiu ca hm s

cc tr cng vi gc ta to thnh bn nh ca mt 1
y x3 mx 2 m2 m 1 x ?
hnh thoi. 3
A. m 1 2 hoc m 1 2 A. m 2; 1 . B. m 2.
B. Khng c gi tr m C. m 1. D. khng c m.
C. m 4 2 hoc m 4 2 (Trch thi th THPT chuyn KHTN ln 3)
D. m 2 2 hoc m 2 2 Cu 49: Tm tt c cc gi tr thc ca tham s m
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn Phan Bi Chu)
hm s: y m2 5m x3 6mx2 6 x 6 t cc tiu

Cu 42: Cho hm s y x4 2mx2 2m m4 . Vi gi ti x 1

A. Khng c gi tr thc no ca m tha mn yu
tr no ca m th th C m c 3 im cc tr, ng
cu bi.
thi 3 im cc tr to thnh mt tam gic c din B. m 1
tch bng 2. C. m 2;1
A. m 5 4 B. m 16 D. m 2
C. m 16 5
D. m 16 3 (Trch thi th THPT Trn Hng o Ninh Bnh)
(Trch thi th THPT Trn Hng o Ninh Bnh) Cu 50: Cho hm s f ( x) x2 ln( x m) . Tm tt c
Cu 43: ng thng i qua im cc i, cc tiu ca gi tr thc ca tham s m hm s cho c ng
th hm s y x3 3mx 2 ct ng trn tm hai im cc tr.
I 1;1 , bn knh bng 1 ti 2 im phn bit A, B sao A. m 2.
9
B. m .
4
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Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 Ngc Huyn LB

C. m 2. D. m 2. (Trch thi th THPT chuyn Sn La ln 1)

(Trch thi th THPT chuyn L Qu n) mx2 2 x m 1
Cu 58: Cho hm s y . ng
Cu 51: Cho hm s f ( x) 3mx4 8mx3 12(m 1)x2 . 2x 1
thng ni hai im cc tr ca th hm s ny
Tp hp tt c gi tr thc ca tham s m hm s
vung gc vi ng phn gic ca gc phn t th
cho c cc tiu l
2 2 nht khi m bng
A. ( ; 1) ( 1; ) (0; ). B. ( ; ) (0; ).
3 3 1
A. 0. B. 1. C. 1. D. .
2 2 2
C. ( ; 1) ( 1; ] (0; ). D. ( ; 0).
3 3 (Trch thi th tp ch Ton hc & Tui tr ln 7)
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn L Qu n) Cu 59: ng thng ni im cc i vi im cc
Cu 52: Cho th hm s y f ( x) ax bx c c 3 2
tiu ca th hm s y x3 x m i qua im
hai im cc tr l A(0; 1) v B( 1; 2) . Tnh gi tr ca M 3; 1 khi m bng
abc . A. 1. B. 1.
A. 0. B. 2. C. 4. D. 6.
C. 0. D. mt gi tr khc.
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn L Qu n)
(Trch thi th tp ch Ton hc & Tui tr ln 7)
Cu 53: Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m hm s
Cu 60: Cho hm s f x x m
n
y 1 m x 3 3 x 2 3 x 5 c cc tr? (vi m, n l
x 1
A. m 1 B. m 1 cc tham s thc). Tm m, n hm s t cc i ti
C. 0 m 1 D. m 0 x 2 v f 2 2.
(Trch thi th THPT Yn Lc Vnh Phc)
A. Khng tn ti gi tr ca m, n.
Cu 54: Cho hm s y x 3 mx 2 2m 1 x 1. Tm
1
3 B. m 1; n 1 .

mnh sai. C. m n 1 .
A. m 1 th hm s c hai im cc tr D. m n 2 .
B. Hm s lun c cc i v cc tiu (Trch thi th THPT chuyn Hng Yn ln 2
C. m 1 th hm s c cc i v cc tiu Cu 61: Gi s th hm s
D. m 1 th hm s c cc tr y x 3 3mx 2 3 m 6 x 1 c hai cc tr. Khi

(Trch thi th THPT chuyn Phan Bi Chu) ng thng qua hai im cc tr c phng trnh l:
A. y 2x m2 6m 1
Cu 55: Tm m hm s y mx4 m2 9 x2 1 c
hai im cc i v mt im cc tiu.

B. y 2 m2 m 6 x m2 6m 1

A. 3 m 0 B. 0 m 3 C. y 2x m 6m 1
2

C. m 3 D. 3 m D. Tt c u sai
(Trch thi th THPT Phm Vn ng)
(Trch thi th THPT chuyn Phan Bi Chu)
Cu 62: Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m ba
Cu 56: Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m im cc tr ca th hm s
phng trnh 9 x 2m.3x 2m 0 c hai nghim phn y x 4 6m 4 x 2 1 m l ba nh ca mt tam
bit x1 ; x2 sao cho x1 x2 l gic vung:
3 27 2 1
A. m B. m A. m B. m C. m 1 D. m 3 3
2 2 3 3
9 (Trch thi th THPT Nguyn nh Chiu)
C. m 3 3 D. m .
2 Cu 63: Vi gi tr no ca m th th hm s
(Trch thi th THPT Ng Gia T - Vnh Phc) y x4 2m2 x2 1 c ba cc tr to thnh tam gic
Cu 57: Bit A 1; 0 , B 3; 4 l cc im cc tr ca vung cn
A. m 0 B. m 1 C. m 1 D. m 2
th hm s y ax 3 bx 2 cx d a 0 . Tnh gi tr
(Trch thi th THPT Phm Vn ng Ph Yn)
ca hm s ti x 1. Cu 64: Tm m Cm : y x 4 2mx 2 2 c 3 im
A. y 1 2 B. y 1 2 cc tr l 3 nh ca mt tam gic vung cn:
C. y 1 1 D. y 1 3 A. m 4 B. m 1 C. m 1 D. m 3
(Trch thi th THPT Qung Xng I)

Cng Ph Ton by Ngc Huyn LB

Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 The best or nothing

HNG DN GII CHI TIT

I. Cc dng tnh ton thng thng lin quan n cc tr
Cu 1: p n A.
Li gii: Tp xc nh: D x 0 2
y 4x 3 y + 0 0 +
y' 0 x 0 y 1

Tuy nhin do h s ca x 4 trong hm s y x4 100

3
l 1 0 , do hm s c duy nht mt im cc tiu. Vy im cc i ca th hm s l I 0;1 .
Suy ra hm s khng c im cc i.
T duy nhanh: Nhn thy hm s cho c h s
Phn tch sai lm: Nhiu c gi chn lun B, c mt
a 3 0 v c hai im cc tr nn th hm s c
im, do khng xt k xem x 0 l im cc i hay
dng N (mo). Lc ny ta suy ra c lun x 0 l
im cc tiu ca hm s.
im cc i ca hm s, suy ra im cc i ca
Cu 2: p n A.
th hm s l I 0; 1 .
Cch 1:
Tp xc nh: D Cu 6: p n A.
y 4 x 3 4 x Nhn thy y l hm bc bn trng phng c h s

y ' 0 4x x2 1 0 x 0 a, b cng du nn c duy nht mt im cc tr.
Cu 7: p n D.
Vy hm s c 1 im cc tr. Tp xc nh: D
Cch 2: y 3x 2 6 x 3
Xem li STUDY TIP i vi hm bc bn trng
y 0 3 x 1 0 x 1
2

phng c dng y ax 4 bx 2 c a 0 .
Ta c bng bin thin:
Nu ab 0 th hm s c 1 im cc tr l x 0.
x 1
Nhn thy 1 0 v 2 0.
y + 0 +
Vy hm s c 1 im cc tr.
Cu 3: p n B.
y
2
Tp xc nh: D

y x 2 8 x 8
Tuy rng y 0 ti x 1 nhng x 1 khng l cc tr
V hm s c hai im cc tr l x1 , x2 x1 , x2 l
ca hm s do y 0 x D.
nghim ca phng trnh: x 2 8 x 8 0.
Vy hm s ng bin trn .
Theo nh l Vi t ta c: x1 x2 8
T duy nhanh: Nhn thy y 3 x 1 0 , x
2
.
Cu 4: p n B.
Nn hm s lun ng bin trn .
x 1
Ta thy f x 0 Cu 8: p n B.
x 3
Ch : Phn bit gi tr ln nht (nh nht) v cc i
n y c nhiu c gi kt lun lun hm s c hai
(cc tiu) phn l thuyt v GTLN GTNN c ti
im cc tr, tuy nhin l kt lun sai lm, bi khi
trnh by trong chuyn sau.
qua x1 th f x khng i du, bi Phng n A. Sai: 1 l gi tr cc tiu.
x 1
2
0, x. 3 l gi tr cc i.
Phng n B. ng.
Do vy hm s ch c ng mt im cc tr l x 3.
Phng n C. Sai: Gi tr cc i l 3.
Cu 5: p n B.
Phng n D. Sai: Nu ni hm s t cc tiu th phi
Tp xc nh: D
ni ti x 1 cn A 1; 1 l im cc tiu ca
y 3x 2 6 x
th hm s (tng t vi B 1; 3 ).
x 0
y 0 3x x 2 0
x 2 Cu 9: p n B.

Ta c bng bin thin: Ta c: D \1; 1 .

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Cng Ph Ton tp 3 Lp 12 The best or nothing
Phng n A. ng. Do qua x 0 th y i du t y 4 x 3 2 x
dng sang m nn hm s vn t cc tr ti x 0 .
y 0 2 x x 2 1 0 x 0
Phng n B. Nhn thy hm s khng t cc tiu ti
Bng bin thin
x 1 do ti x 1 th hm s khng xc inh.
x 0
Phng n C. ng: Do
y 0
lim y x 1 l tim cn ng ca th.
x 1 y
lim y x 1 l tim cn ng ca th.
x 1

Phng n D. ng: Do 1
lim y 3 y 3 l tim cn ngang ca th. Vy hm s t cc tiu ti x 0.
x
T duy nhanh: Khng dng bng bin thin, ta c
lim y 3 y 3 l tim cn ngang ca th.
x a 1 0 nn hm s c duy nht mt im cc tiu
Cu 10: p n D. x 0 . (Do th hm s c dng parabol c nh
Phng n A. Sai: Tp xc nh: D \1 . hng xung di).
1 Cu 13: p n D.
y 2 0 nn hm s khng c cc tr.
Tp xc nh: D
x 1
2

Da vo bng bin thin ta c:

Phng n B. Sai: Tp xc nh D .
p n A. Sai: Do hm s c 3 cc tr.
y 9x2 2016 0 nn hm s khng c cc tr.
p n B. Sai: Hm s t cc tiu ti x1 1 v
Phng n C. Sai: Hm phn thc bc nht trn bc
x2 2 cn hm s c gi tr cc tiu tng ng l 3.
nht lun khng c cc tr.
Phng n D. ng: Tp xc nh D . p n C. Sai: Ch phn bit gi tr ln nht (nh
nht) v cc i (cc tiu).
y 4x3 6x
p n D. ng.

y 0 2x 2x2 3 0 x 0 Cu 14: p n
Vy hm s c mt im cc tr. Tp xc nh: D
(Hoc dng STUDY TIP cho hm bc bn trng y 3x 2 6 x
phng ta thy 1 0; 3 0 1 . 3 0 Hm x 0
y 0 3x x 2 0
s c mt im cc tr l x 0 ) x 2
Cu 11: p n C. Bng bin thin:
Tp xc nh: D x 0 2
t x t t 0 y + 0 0 +
y -1
Khi y t 3 4t 2 3
y 3t 2 8t 5
y 0 t 3t 8 0 Vy hm s t cc tr ti x 0; x 2 .
t 0 ( t / m) x 0 T duy nhanh: Kt lun lun hm s t cc tr ti
8
t ( t / m) x 8 x 0; x 2 do hm bc ba hoc l khng c cc tr,
3 3 hoc l c hai cc tr. (STUDY TIP ni).
Bng bin thin:
x 8 8
0 Continue(Mi cc em v qu thy c c trn vn
3 3 Cng ph Ton cm nhn y tm huyt ca Ngc
y 0 + 0 0 + Huyn LB trong sut 5 thng lm vic)
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3
Lovebook xin chn thnh cm n!
175 175

27 27
Do vy hm s c 3 im cc tr.
Cu 12: p n B.
Tp xc nh: D

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