Exercise 4.

1 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
Page 185

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Distance Formula
Let A( x1 , y1 ) and B( x2 , y2 ) be two points in a
plane and d be a distance between A and B
B( x2 , y2 )
then
d = ( x2 x1 ) 2 + ( y2 y1 ) 2 A ( x1 , y 1 )

or d = ( x1 x2 ) 2 + ( y1 y2 ) 2 O(0,0)
See proof on book at page181

Ratio Formula
Let A( x1 , y1 ) and B( x2 , y2 ) be two points in a plane. The coordinates of the point C
dividing the line segment AB in the ratio
k1 : k2 are
k1 x2 + k2 x1 k1 y2 + k2 y1 k2
, k1
k1 + k2 k1 + k2 B( x2 , y2 )
C
See proof on book at page 182 A ( x1 , y 1 )
If C be the midpoint of AB i.e. k1 : k2 = 1:1
then coordinate of C becomes O(0,0)
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
,
2 2

Question # 1
(i ) x > 0 y
Right half plane 2nd Quadrant 1st Quadrant
(ii) x > 0 and y > 0
The 1st quadrant. x <0 x>0
y>0 y>0
(iii) x = 0
y-axis -x x
(iv) y = 0 x<0 x>0
x-axis y < 0 y < 0
(v) x < 0 and y 0 3rd Quadrant 4th Quadrant
nd
2 quadrant & negative x-axis
-y
(vi) x = y
It is a line bisecting 1st and 3rd quadrant.
y
(vii) x = y
A positive value cant equal to a negative value, except
x = -3

x =3

number zero, so origin,

( 0,0 ) , is the only point which satisfies x = y x
(viii) x 3
FSC-II / Ex. 4.1 - 2

x 3 x 3 or x 3
x 3 or x 3
which is the set of points lying on right side of the
line x = 3 and the points lying on left side of the
line x = 3 .
(ix) x > 2 and y = 2
The set of all points on the line y = 2 for which x > 2 .
(x) x and y have opposite signs.
It is the set of points lying in 2nd and 4th quadrant.

Question # 2
(a) A(3,1) ; B(2, 4)
(i ) AB = (2 3) 2 + (4 1) 2 = (5) 2 + (5)2
Review:
= 25 + 25 = 50 = 25 2 = 5 2 The midpoint of
3 2 1 4 1 3 A( x1 , y1 ) and B ( x2 , y2 )
(ii) Midpoint of AB = , = ,
2 2 2 2 is
x1 + x2 , y1 + y2 .

(b) A(8,3) ; B(2, 1) 2 2
Do yourself as above.
1
(c) A 5 , ; B 3 5 , 5
3
( )
2 2
1 2 2 16
(i) ( )
AB = 3 5 + 5 + 5 + = 2 5 +
3 3
( )
256 436 4 109 2 109
= 20 + = = =
9 9 9 3
5 3 5 13 + 5 4 5 14 3 7
(ii) Midpoint of AB = , = , = 2 5,
2 2 2 2 3

Question # 3
2
(a) Distance of ( )
176,7 from origin = ( )
176 0 + ( 7 0 )
2

= (176 ) + ( 49 )
= (176 ) + ( 49 ) = 225 = 15
the point ( )
176,7 is at 15 unit away from origin.
2 2
(b) Distance of (10, 10 ) from origin = (10 0 ) + ( 10 0 )
= 100 + 100 = 200
= 100 2 = 10 2 15
the point (10, 10 ) is not at distance of 15 unit from origin.
(c) Do yourself as above

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 FSC-II / Ex. 4.1 - 3

2 2
15 15 15 15
(d) Distance of , from origin = 0 + 0
2 2 2 2
225 225 225 15
= + = = 15
4 4 2 2
15 15
Hence the point , is not at distance of 15 unit from origin.
2 2

Question # 4
(i) Given: A(0, 2) , B( 3, 1) and C (0, 2)
2 2
AB = ( )
3 0 + ( 1 2 ) =
2
( ) 3 + ( 3 )
2

2
= 3 + 9 = 12 AB = 12
2 2
BC = ( 0 3 ) + ( 2 + 1) =
2
( 3 ) + ( 1)
2

2
= 3 +1 = 4 = 2 BC = 4
2 2 2
CA = ( 0 0) + ( 2 + 2) = 0 + ( 4)
2
= 16 = 4 CA = 16
2 2 2
AB + BC = 12 + 4 = 16 = CA
by Pythagoras theorem A, B & C are vertices of a right triangle.
(ii) Given: A ( 3,1) , B ( 2, 3) and C ( 2,2 )
2 2 2 2
AB = ( 2 3) ) + ( 3 1) = ( 5 ) + ( 4) = 25 + 16 = 41
2 2 2 2
BC = ( 2 (2) ) + ( 2 (3) ) = ( 4) + ( 5) = 16 + 25 = 41
2 2 2 2
CA = (3 2) + (1 2 ) = (1) + ( 1)
= 1+1 = 2
AB = BC A , B & C are vertices of an isosceles triangle.
(iii) Given: A ( 5,2 ) , B ( 2,3) & C ( 2,2 )
2 2 2 2
AB = ( 2 5 ) + (3 2) = ( 7 ) + (1)
= 49 + 1 = 50 = 5 2 D C
2 2 2 2
BC = ( 3 + 2 ) + ( 4 3 ) = ( 1) + ( 7 )
= 1 + 49 = 50 = 5 2
2 2 2 2
CD = ( 4 + 3) + ( 5 + 4 ) = (7) + ( 1)
= 49 + 1 = 50 = 5 2
A B
2 2 2 2
DA = (5 4) + ( 2 + 5) = (1) + (7)

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FSC-II / Ex. 4.1 - 4

= 1 + 49 = 50 = 5 2
AB = CD and BC = DA A , B , C and D are vertices of parallelogram.
2 2 2 2
Now AC = ( 3 5 ) + ( 4 2 ) = ( 8 ) + ( 6 )
= 64 + 36 = 100 = 10
2 2 2 2
BD = ( 4 + 2) + ( 5 3 ) = ( 6) + ( 8 )
= 36 + 64 = 100 = 10
Since all sides are equals and also both diagonals are equal therefore A , B , C , D are
vertices of a square.

Question # 5
Let A( x1 , y1 ) , B( x2 , y2 ) and C ( x3 , y3 ) are vertices of triangle ABC , and let D(1, 1) ,
E (4, 3) and F (1,1) are midpoints of sides AB , BC and CA respectively.
Then
A
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
, = (1, 1)
2 2
x1 + x2 = 2 ..........(i ) and y1 + y2 = 2 ............(ii ) D F
x2 + x3 y2 + y3
, = ( 4, 3)
2 2 B E C
x2 + x3 = 8..........(iii ) and y2 + y3 = 6 ..........(iv)
x3 + x1 y3 + y1
, = ( 1,1)
2 2
x1 + x3 = 2 ..........(v) , and y1 + y3 = 2 ..........(vi )

Subtracting (i) and (iii) Subtracting (ii) and (iv)

x1 + x2 = 2 y1 + y2 = 2
x2 + x3 = 8 y2 + y3 = 6
+
x1 x3 = 10 ..........(vii ) y1 y3 = 4 ..........(viii )
Adding (v) and (vii) Adding (vi) and (viii)
x1 + x3 = 2 y1 + y3 = 2
x1 x3 = 10 y1 y3 = 4
2 x1 = 8 x1 = 4 2 y1 = 6 y1 = 3
Putting value of x1 in (i) Putting value of y1 in (ii)
4 + x2 = 2 3 + y2 = 2
x2 = 2 4 x2 = 2 y2 = 2 3 y2 = 5
Putting value of x1 in (v) Putting value of y1 in (v)
4 + x3 = 2 3 + y3 = 2
x3 = 2 4 x3 = 6 y3 = 2 3 y3 = 1

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 FSC-II / Ex. 4.1 - 5

Hence vertices of triangle are ( 4,3) , ( 2, 5 ) & ( 6, 1) .

Question # 6
Since ABC is a right triangle therefore by Pythagoras theorem B
2 2 2
AB + CA = BC

0 3 + ( 2 + 1) + + ( 1 + 2 ) = ( h 0 ) + ( 2 2 )
2 2

( ) 2
( 3h ) 2

2 2

C A
[3 + 9] + 3 2 3h + h 2 + 1 = h 2 + 16
12 + 4 2 3 h + h 2 = h 2 + 16
2 3 h = h 2 + 16 12 4 h 2 2 3h = 0 h=0 .

Question # 7
Points ( x1 , y1 ) , ( x2 , y2 ) and ( x3 , y3 ) are collinear if
x1 y1 1
x2 y2 1 = 0
x3 y3 1
Since given points are collinear therefore
1 h 1
3 2 1 =0
7 3 1
1(2 3) h(3 7) + 1(9 14) = 0 1(1) h(4) + 1(5) = 0
1 + 4h 5 = 0 4h 4 = 0 4h = 4 h =1

Question # 8
The centre of the circle is mid point of AB
5 + 5 2 4 0 6
i.e. centre C = , = , = ( 0, 3)
2 2 2 2
A B
Now radius = AC C

= (0 + 5) 2 + (3 + 2) 2
= 25 + 1 = 26

Question # 9
Do yourself as Question # 6
Hint: you will get a equation h 2 + 4h 60 = 0
Solve this quadratic equation to get two values of h .

Question # 10 C
G
Given: A ( 9,3) , B ( 7,7 ) , C ( 3, 7 ) and D ( 5, 5 ) D
Let E , F , G and H be the mid-points of sides of quadrilateral F
H
Coordinate of E = ( 97 3+7
2
,
2 ) ( ) = (1,5)
=
2 10
,
2 2
A E B

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FSC-II / Ex. 4.1 - 6

Coordinate of F = ( 7 3 7 7
2
,
2 ) ( ) = ( 5,0)
=
10 0
,
2 2
Coordinate of G = ( ) ( ) = (1, 6)
3 + 5 7 5 2 12
, = ,
2 2 2 2
Coordinate of H = ( ) ( ) = (7, 1)
9+5 35 14 2
, = ,
2 2 2 2
Now EF = (5 1) 2 + (0 5)2 = 36 + 25 = 61
FG = (1 + 5) 2 + (6 0) 2 = 36 + 36 = 72 = 6 2
GH = (7 1) 2 + (1 + 6) 2 = 36 + 25 = 61
HE = (1 7) 2 + (5 + 1) 2 = 36 + 36 = 72 = 6 2
Since EF = GH and FG = HE
Therefore EFGH is a parallelogram.

Question # 11
Given: A ( 3,0 ) , B (1, 2 ) , C ( 5,0 ) , D (1, h )
Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram if
AB = CD & BC = AD D C

when AB = CD
(1 + 3) 2 + (2 0)2 = (1 5) 2 + (h 0) 2
16 + 4 = 16 + h 2 20 = 16 + h 2
A B
On squaring
20 = 16 + h 2 h 2 = 20 16 h 2 = 4 h = 2
When h = 2 , then D(1, h) = D (1, 2)
Then AB = (1 + 3) 2 + (2 0) 2 = 16 + 4 = 20
BC = (5 1)2 + (0 + 2) 2 = 16 + 4 = 20
CA = (1 5)2 + (2 0) 2 = 16 + 4 = 20
DA = (3 1)2 + (0 2)2 = 16 + 4 = 20
Now for diagonals
AC = (5 + 3)2 + (0 0) 2 = 64 + 0 = 8
BD = (1 1) 2 + (2 + 2)2 = 0 + 16 = 4
Since all sides are equal but diagonals AC BD
Therefore ABCD is not a square.
Now when h = 2 , then D(1, h) = D(1, 2) but we also have B(1, 2)
i.e. B and D represents the same point, which can not happened in quadrilateral
so we can not take h = 2 .

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 FSC-II / Ex. 4.1 - 7

Question # 12
Given: A ( 3,0 ) , B ( 3,0 )
Let C ( x, y ) be a third vertex of an equilateral triangle ABC .
Then AB = BC = CA
(3 + 3)2 + (0 0) 2 = ( x 3) 2 + ( y 0) 2 = ( x + 3) 2 + ( y 0) 2
36 + 0 = x 2 6 x + 9 + y 2 = x 2 + 6 x + 9 + y 2 C
On squaring
36 = x 2 + y 2 6 x + 9 = x 2 + y 2 + 6 x + 9 ............(i )
From equation (i)
x2 + y2 6x + 9 = x2 + y2 + 6x + 9 A B
x + y 6x + 9 x y 6x 9 = 0
2 2 2 2

12 x = 0 x = 0
Again from equation (i)
36 = x 2 + y 2 6 x + 9
36 = (0) 2 + y 2 6(0) + 9 x=0
36 = y 2 + 9 y 2 = 36 9 = 27 y = 3 3
( ) (
so coordinate of C is 0,3 3 or 0, 3 3 . )
And hence two triangle can be formed with vertices A ( 3,0 ) , B ( 3,0 ) , C 0,3 3 and ( )
( )
A ( 3,0 ) , B ( 3,0 ) , C 0, 3 3 .

Question # 13
Given: A ( 1, 4 ) , B ( 6, 2 )
Let C and D be points trisecting A and B
1 1 1
Then AC : CB = 1: 2
1(6) + 2(1) 1(2) + 2(4) A C D B
So coordinate of C = ,
1+ 2 1+ 2
6 2 2 + 8 4 10
= , = ,
3 3 3 3
Also AD : DB = 2 :1
2(6) + 1(1) 2(2) + 1(4)
So coordinate of D = ,
2 +1 2 +1
12 1 4 + 4 11 8
= , = ,
3 3 3 3
Hence , and , are points trisecting A and B .
4 10 11 8
3 3 3 3

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FSC-II / Ex. 4.1 - 8

Question # 14
Given: A ( 5,8 ) , B ( 5,3)
3 2
Let C ( x, y ) be a required point
A C B
AC : CB = 3 : 2
Co-ordinate of C =
3(5) + 2(5) 3(3) + 2(8) 5
3 + 2
,
3+ 2
=
15 10 9 + 16
= ,
5 25
, = (1 , 5 )
5 5 5 5

Question # 15
Given: A (1, 4 ) , B ( 5,6 )
1 1
(i) Let P ( x, y ) be required point, then
AB : AP = 1: 2 A B P
AB : BP = 1:1 i.e. B is midpoint of AP

Then B ( 5,6 ) =
1+ x 4 + y
2
,
2
1+ x 4+ y
5 = and 6 =
2 2
10 = 1 + x and 12 = 4 + y
x = 10 1 , y = 12 4
=9 , =8
Hence P ( 9,8 ) is required point.
(ii) Since PA : AB = 2 :1
2 1
A (1,4 ) =
2(5) + 1( x) 2(6) + 1( y )
2 + 1
, P A B
2 +1
=
10 + x 12 + y
3
,
3
10 + x 12 + y
1= and 4 =
3 3
3 = 10 + x and 12 = 12 + y
x = 3 10 and y = 12 12
= 7 , = 0
Hence P ( 7,0 ) is required point.

Question # 16
Given: A ( 5,3) , B ( 2,2 ) and C ( 4,2 )
Let D ( x, y ) be a point equidistance from A , B and C then
DA = DB = DC
2 2 2
DA = DB = DC

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 FSC-II / Ex. 4.1 - 9

( x 5) 2 + ( y 3) 2 = ( x + 2) 2 + ( y 2)2 = ( x 4) 2 + ( y 2)2 .. (i)

From eq. (i)
( x 5) 2 + ( y 3) 2 = ( x + 2)2 + ( y 2) 2
x 2 10 x + 25 + y 2 6 y + 9 = x 2 + 4 x + 4 + y 2 4 y + 4
x 2 10 x + 25 + y 2 6 y + 9 x 2 4 x 4 y 2 + 4 y 4 = 0
14 x 2 y + 26 = 0 7 x + y 13 = 0 (ii)
Again from equation (i)
( x + 2)2 + ( y 2) 2 = ( x 4)2 + ( y 2) 2
x 2 + 4 x + 4 + y 2 4 y + 4 = x 2 8 x + 16 + y 2 4 y + 4
12 x 12 = 0 12 x = 12 x =1
Put x = 1 in eq. (ii)
7(1) + y 13 = 0 y 6 = 0 y = 6
Hence (1,6 ) is required point.
Now radius of circumcircle = DA
= (5 1)2 + (3 6)2 = 16 + 9 = 25 = 5 units

Intersection of Median
Let A ( x1 , y1 ) , B ( x2 , y2 ) and C ( x3 , y3 ) are vertices of triangle.
Intersection of median is called centroid of triangle and can be determined as
x1 + x2 + x3 y1 + y2 + y3
, See proof at page 184
3 3
Centre of In-Circle (In-Centre)
Let A ( x1 , y1 ) , B ( x2 , y2 ) and C ( x3 , y3 ) are vertices of triangle.
And AB = c , BC = a , CA = b
ax + bx2 + cx3 ay1 + by2 + cy3
Then incentre of triangle = 1 ,
a + b + c
See proof at page 184
a+b+c
Question # 17
Let A ( 4, 2 ) , B ( 2,4 ) , C ( 5,5 ) are vertices of triangle then
a = BC = (5 + 2)2 + (5 4) 2 = 49 + 1 = 50 = 5 2
b = CA = (4 5)2 + (2 5) 2 = 1 + 49 = 50 = 5 2
A
c = AB = (2 4) 2 + (4 + 2) 2 = 36 + 36 = 72 = 6 2
Now c b

ax + bx2 + cx3 ay1 + by2 + cy3

In-centre = 1 ,
a+b+c a + b + c B a C

5 2 ( 4 ) + 5 2 ( 2 ) + 6 2 ( 5 ) 5 2 ( 2 ) + 5 2 ( 4 ) + 6 2 ( 5 )
= ,
5 2 + 5 2 + 6 2 5 2 + 5 2 + 6 2

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FSC-II / Ex. 4.1 - 10

20 2 10 2 + 30 2 10 2 + 20 2 + 30 2
= ,
16 2 16 2
40 2 40 2 5,5
= , = 2 2
16 2 16 2

Question # 18
Given: A ( x1 , y1 ) , B ( x2 , y2 )
Let C , D and E are points dividing AB into four equal parts.
AC : CB = 1: 3
1( x ) + 3( x1 ) 1( y2 ) + 3( y1 ) 3 x + x 3 y + y2
Co-ordinates of C = 2 , = 1 2, 1
1+ 3 1+ 3 4 4
Now AD : DB = 2 : 2
= 1:1 i.e. D is midpoint of AB . 1 1 1 1
A C D E B
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
Co-ordinates of D = ,
2 2
Now AE : EB = 3:1
3( x ) + 1( x1 ) 3( y2 ) + 1( y1 ) x + 3 x2 y1 + 3 y2
Co-ordinates of E = 2 , = 1 ,
3 +1 3 +1 4 4
3 x + x 3 y + y2 x1 + x2 y1 + y2 x + 3 x2 y1 + 3 y2
Hence 1 2 , 1 , , and 1 , are the points
4 4 2 2 4 4
dividing AB into four equal parts.
Error Analyst
1- Sohaib Ali FAZMIC Sargodha. 2004-06
2- Tahir Waqas UoS Sargodha. 2003-05
3- Muhammad Imran Khan FAZMIC Sargodha. 2004-06
4- Zohaib Khokhar

Book: Exercise 4.1 (Page 185)

Calculus and Analytic Geometry Mathematic 12
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.
Edition: May 2013.

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