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Hitec University Taxila Cantt: Instrumentation & Control (LAB)
Hitec University Taxila Cantt: Instrumentation & Control (LAB)
Submitted To
Sir. Rizwan Siddique
By
Ahmed Hassan
14-ME-019
Section (A)
Dated
Thursday, March 16, 2017
Ahmed Hassan Lab Report # 01 14-ME-019
Manufacturing System
A method of organizing production. Many types of
manufacturing systems are in place, including assembly lines,
batch production and computer-integrated manufacturing.
PID Controller:
A proportionalintegralderivative controller (PID controller)
is a control loop feedback mechanism (controller) commonly used
in industrial control systems. A PID controller continuously
calculates an error value as the difference between a desired set
point and a measured process variable and applies a correction
based on proportional, integral, and derivative which give their
name to the controller type.
Microcontroller:
A microcontroller (or MCU for microcontroller unit) is a small
computer on a single integrated circuit. In modern terminology, it
is a System on a chip. A microcontroller contains one or more
CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and programmable
input/output peripherals.
Ahmed Hassan Lab Report # 01 14-ME-019
Sensors
A sensor is an electronic component, module, or subsystem
whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment
and send the information to other electronics, frequently a
computer processor. A sensor is always used with other
electronics, whether as simple as a light or as complex as a
computer.
There are many types of sensors including proximity sensor,
temperature sensor, ultrasonic sensor etc.
Proximity sensor:
A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence of
nearby objects without any physical contact.
It has following types:
I. Inductive:
An inductive proximity sensor is a type of non-contact
electronic proximity sensor that is used to detect the position
Ahmed Hassan Lab Report # 01 14-ME-019
of metal objects. The sensing range of an inductive switch is
dependent on the type of metal being detected.
II. Capacitive:
Non-contact capacitive sensors work by measuring
changes in an electrical property called capacitance.
Capacitance describes how two conductive objects with a
space between them respond to a voltage difference applied
to them. It is used to detect non-metallic objects.
III. Photoelectric:
A photoelectric sensor, or photo eye, is an equipment
used to discover the distance, absence, or presence of an
object by using a light transmitter, often infrared, and a
photoelectric receiver.
Transducer:
A device that converts variations in a physical quantity, such
as pressure or brightness, into an electrical signal, or vice versa.
Every sensor is not a transducer but every transducer
is a sensor.
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