HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

1. Bernoulli's equation assumes that :*

a) fluid is non-viscous
b) fluid is homogeneous
c) flow is steady
d) all of the above

2. When a body is totally or partially immersed in a fluid, it is buoyed up by a force equal to*

a) weight of the body

b) weight of the fluid displaced by the body
c) weight of the body and fluid displaced by the body
d) difference of weights of the fluid displaced and that of the body

SITUATION 1: A vertical cylindrical tank 3 m in diameter and 5 m high is full of water.

3. Which of the following most nearly gives the angle with the vertical that the tank must be tilted so
that 10 m^3 of water is spilled?*

a) 43.32 °
b) 33.69°
c) 46.68°
d) 56.31°

4. If the tank is to be rotated about its axis, which of the following most nearly gives the required
angular velocity so that the water profile just touches the bottom of the container?*

a) 26.39 rpm
b) 6.60 rpm
c) 63.05 rpm
d) 49.07 rpm

5. If the tank is to be rotated about its axis, which of the following most nearly gives the required
angular velocity so that there is no water within 0.80 m from the center of the bottom of the tank?*

a) 7.81 rpm
b) 16.82 rpm
c) 74.58 rpm
d) 50.94 rpm

6. Water is to flow in a rectangular flume at a rate of 1.42 m3/s at a slope of 0.0028. The width is
equal to twice the depth. Use n = 0.017. Compute the Froude number.

a) 0.224
b) 1.322
c) 1.443
d) 0.588
7. A retaining wall 6 m high is supporting a horizontal backfill of soil having a void ratio of 0.5 and
specific gravity of 2.7. The angle of internal friction is 32°. Compute the Rankine active force on the
wall if there is no water. *

a) 121.51 kN
b) 61.49 kn
c) 97.66 kN
d) 107.42 kN

8. A 0.3 m x 0.3 m concrete pile 22 m long is driven in a clayey soil having an unconfined shear
strength of 60 kPa. The unit weight of the clayey soil 18kN/m^3. Assume that the frictional constant is
0.76,Nc = 9 and use FS = 3. Calculate the capacity of pile due to skin friction only.

a) 1203.84 kN
b) 655.51 kN
c) 601.92 kN
d) 1311.02 kN

SITUATION 2: A footing 6 m square carries a total load, including its own weight, of 10,000 kN. The
base of the footing is at a depth of 3 m below the ground surface. The soil strata at the site consist of
a layer of stiff fully saturated clay 27.5 m thick overlying dense sand. The average bulk density of the
clay is 1920 kg/m^3 and its average shear strength determined from undrained triaxial test is 130
kN/m^2. For Ø= 0°, use Nc= 5.7, Nq=1.0 and Ny= 0.
9. Calculate the gross foundation pressure. *

a) 216.89 kPa
b) 301.45 kPa
c) 311.91 kPa
d) 277.78 kPa

10. Calculate the net foundation pressure. *

a) 221.27 kPa
b) 249.31 kPa
c) 208.51 kPa
d) 211.64 kPa

11. Calculate the factor of safety of the foundation against complete shear failure under the
undrained condition. Side cohesion on the foundation may be neglected.*

a) 3.67
b) 4.61
c) 3.75
d) 4.35
SITUATION 3: For a moist soil, the following are given: Volume= 1.20
cu.m., Weight= 23.04
kN, Water content= 8.60%
and Sp.gr.=2.71.
12. Determine its unit weight.*

a) 18.50 kN/cu.m
b) 19.20 kN/cu.m
c) 12.90 kN/cu.m
d) 15.55 kN/cu.m

13. Determine its dry unit weight.*

a) 17.23 kN/ cu.m

b) 17.68 kN/ cu.m
c) 16.22 kN/ cu.m
d) 18.16 kN/ cu.m

14. Determine void ratio. *

a) 0.528
b) 0.525
c) 0.504
d) 0.509

15. Determine porosity.*

a) 0.322
b) 0.318
c) 0.346
d) 0.335

16. Determine the degree of saturation. *

a) 33.3%
b) 43.8%
c) 36.5%
d) 46.2%

17. Determine the volume occupied by the water. *

a) 0.158 cu.m
b) 0.186 cu.m
c) 0.177 cu.m
d) 0.170 cu.m
SITUATION 4: An oil (s = 0.85) flows at rate of 10 liters per second through a 27-mm-diameter
horizontal venturi meter, which is attached to a 40-mm-diameter pipe. A differential manometer
containing mercury is attached from the base of the inlet to the throat and to the base of the outlet. It
is observed that the head lost from the inlet to the throat is 6% of the velocity head in the throat and
from the throat to the outlet is 25% of the velocity head in the throat.
18. Calculate the deflection of mercury with respect to columns A and B. *

a) 981.47 mm
b) 834.25 mm
c) 1039.45 mm
d) 883.53 mm

19. Calculate the deflection of mercury with respect to columns A and C. *

1 point

a) 45.33 mm
b) 321.32 mm
c) 378.02 mm
d) 38.53 mm
20. Calculate the deflection of mercury with respect to columns B and C. *
1 point

a) 561.99 mm
b) 767.55 mm
c) 902.99 mm
d) 661.16 mm

SITUATION 5: Two footings rest in a layer of sand 2.7 m thick. The bottom of the footings are 0.9 m
below the ground surface. Beneath the clay layer is a hard pan. The water table is at a depth of 1.8 m
below the ground surface.
21. Compute the stress increase at the center of clay layer assuming that the pressure beneath the
footing is spread at an angle of 2 vertical to 1 horizontal. *
1 point

a) 18,17 kPa
b) 41.32 kPa
c) 25.51 kPa
d) 33.09 kPa
22. Determine the size of the footing B so that the settlement in the clay layer is the same beneath
footings A an B. Footing A is 1.5 m square.*
1 point

a) 2.52 m
b) 4.34 m
c) 3.24 m
d) 1.97 m

23. Determine the settlement beneath footing A.*

1 point

a) 46.65 mm
b) 68.27 mm
c) 35.04 mm
d) 57.52 mm
24. A direct shear test was conducted on a specimen of dry sand and with a normal stress of 142
kPa. Failure occurred at a shear stress of 96 kPa. The size of the specimen tested was 50 mm x 50
mm x 25 mm (height).

Find the angle of friction.

*
a) 20 degrees
b) 27.06 degrees
c) 30 degrees
d) 34.06 degrees

25. The following data were obtained in a direct shear test. Normal pressure= 20 kPa and tangential
pressure is 16 kPa. Angle of internal pressure is 20 degrees and cohesion is 8 kPa. Calculate minor
principal stress.

a) 7.26 kPa
b) 7.68 kPa
c) 8.79 kPa
d) 8.16 kPa

SITUATION 6: A sample of dry sand is tested in direct shear. The shear box holding the sample has
a circular cross section with a diameter of 50 mm. The normal compressive load imposed is 200 N.
The sample shears when the shear force is 130 N.
26. Determine the normal stress. *

a) 105.28 kPa
b) 101.86 kPa
c) 111.27 kPa
d) 120.88 kPa

27. Determine the shear stress at failure. *

a) 66.20 kPa
b) 67.21kPa
c) 66.83 kPa
d) 68.05 kPa

28. Determine the angle of internal friction. *

a) 33.02 degrees
b) 27 degrees
c) 28.13 degrees
d) 30.66 degrees
29. The critical hydraulic gradient for a soil sample is equal to 1.02. If the specific gravity of the soil
sample is 2.67 and the water content is 14%. Calculate the dry unit weight at zero air voids. *

a) 19.68 kN/cu.m
b) 19.07 kN/cu.m
c) 18.24 kN/cu.m
d) 18.47 kN/cu.m

30. Two spheres each 1.20 m. in diameter are connected by means of a short rope. One weighs 4
kN and the other weighs 12 kN. When placed in water. Compute tension in the rope.*

a) 3.124 kN
b) 3.365 kN
c) 2.785 kN
d) 3.054 kN

31. A vertical circular gate having a diameter "d" is submerged in a liquid with its upper edge on the
liquid surface. If the center of the circular gate is 1.5d below the surface, compute the depth of the
center of pressure. *

a) d/24
b) 37d/24
c) 3d/2
d) 38d/25

32. Laboratory test data on a sample of saturated soil show that the void ratio is 0.45 and the specific
gravity of solids is 2.65. For these conditions, determine the saturated unit weight in kN/m^3.*

a) 22.17
b) 20.97
c) 21.94
d) 21.65

33. A sample of soft saturated clay has a natural water content of 43%. The specific gravity of the
solid matter is 2.70. Compute the porosity.*

a) 0.61
b) 0.43
c) 0.54
d) 0.52
34. A consolidated drained tri-axial test was conducted on a normally consolidated clay. The results
were as follows: Chamber confining pressure= 138 kPa and Deviator stress= 258 kPa. Compute the
friction angle of the soil. *

a) 22.65 degrees
b) 25.10 degrees
c) 26.45 degrees
d) 28.89 degrees

35. A sample saturated soil weighs 588 N and has a volume of 0.03 cu.m If the void ratio of the soil
is 0.75, determine the specific gravity of the solids.*

a) 2.84
b) 2.66
c) 2.75
d) 2.58

SITUATION 7: An 11 m high slope is shown. Unit weight of soil PQR is 21 kN/m^3. Friction angle
and cohesion along the rock surface are 20° and 24 kPa, respectively.
36. Compute the force that tends to cause sliding. *

a) 2827.37 kN
b) 656.43 kN
c) 757.59 kN
d) 2927.11 kN
37. Compute the force that resists the sliding force.*

a) 1029.08 kN
b) 2049.10 kN
c) 2017.55 kN
d) 1020.02 kN

38. Compute the factor of safety against sliding.*

a) 2.7
b) 3.0
c) 2.1
d) 3.3

39. A tank contains oil (sp.gr.=0.80), gasoline (sp.gr.=0.90) and sea water (sp.gr.=1.03). If the depths
of the liquids are 0.50 m, 0.80 m, and 1 m for oil, gasoline and sea water respectively, Determine
pressure at the bottom of the tank.*

a) 21.092 kPa
b) 22.400 kPa
c) 16.040 kPa
d) 10.104 kPa

40. If a jet is inclined upward 30° with a velocity of 12 m/s, what is the maximum height ,in meters, it
can attain?*

a) 1.83
b) 2.12
c) 1.67
d) 1.22
41. A channel is carrying 300 liters/sec of water. Assuming 0.002 m. error is made in measuring the
head, determine the percentage error in the discharge if a Cipolletti weir is used with L=4 m. long.*

a) 1.50 %
b) 1.60 %
c) 1.80 %
d) 1.40 %

SITUATION 8: Sheet piling is to function as a cantilever retaining wall 1.50 m high. The soil weighs
17.28 kN/cu.m and its angle of friction is 32 degrees. The backfill has a horizontal surface. Use
Rankine's theory.
42. What is the required depth of penetration of the bulkhead?*

a) 0.91 m
b) 1.04 m
c) 1.25 m
d) 1.16 m

43. What is the total active force on the wall?*

a) 15.41 kN
b) 20.06 kN
c) 18.77 kN
d) 17.11 kN

44. What is the reaction at the bottom of the wall?*

a) 28.53 kN
b) 25.17 kN
c) 23.88 kN
d) 26.83 kN

SITUATION 9: The water flowing along a 6-m wide open channel has a specific energy of 2.20 m.
The roughness coefficient of the channel is 0.013.
45. What is the critical depth?*

a) 1.89 m
b) 1.47 m
c) 1.70 m
d) 1.62 m

46. What is the critical velocity?*

a) 3.38 m/s
b) 2.46 m/s
c) 3.79 m/s
d) 3.14 m/s
47. What is the critical slope?*

a) 0.0025
b) 0.0015
c) 0.0016
d) 0.0008

SITUATION 10: Medium fuel oil having an absolute viscosity of 6.55 x10^(-5) sq.ft/s flows in a steel
pipe 4,100 ft long at a maximum rate of 0.201 cfs.
48. Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum diameter required to keep the flow in
laminar condition?*

a) 1.95 ft
b) 2.03 ft
c) 1.88 ft
d) 2.16 ft

49. Using the diameter obtained in the previous question, what is the friction factor of the pipe?*

a) 0.042
b) 0.032
c) 0.051
d) 0.059

50. What is the head loss in the pipe?*

a) 0.0025 ft
b) 0.0047 ft
c) 0.0036 ft
d) 0.0050 ft