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MicroelectronicsJournal27 (1996) 591-594
ELSEVIER
0026-2692(95)00121-2
Mixed-mode biquad
circuits
Ahmed M. Soliman
Electronicsand CommunicationsEngineeringDepartment, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
E-mail: asoliman@cairo.eun.eg
Two new mixed-mode biquad circuits are given. Each
circuit employs four current conveyors, two grounded
capacitors and four resistors. The biquad circuits are
designed to be driven by currents and to realize highpass,
bandpass and lowpass voltage responses at three different
outputs. All the co0 and the Q passive and active sensitivities
are very low (~< 1). Copyright 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.
1. Introduction
ecently two new realizations of the
R Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb (KHN)
biquad [1] have been introduced in the literature
[2]. The active element used is the current
conveyor (CC II) which is defined by the
following matrix equation [3]:
ii lv i: ii o i][.
For positive K the C C II is defined as a non-
inverting C C II. O n the other hand, i f K is nega-
tive the C C II is defined as an inverting CC II. In
the ideal case B -- ]K] = 1. Practically, B andKare
frequency dependent and for frequencies much
less than the f i ~ of the C C II, B and K are real
quantities of magnitudes slightly less than one. For
the commercially available C C II01, both B and K
have a fiau = 100MHz [4]. In analog signal
processing applications it may be desirable to have
active filters with input currents and output volta-
ges [5], defined here as mixed-mode filters.
Copyright 1996 Elsevier Science Limited
Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved
0026-2692/96/$15.00
ili i
In this research note two new realizations of the
mixed-mode biquad filters are given. Each
biquad circuit employs four C C IIs and is
capable of realizing the highpass, bandpass and
lowpass voltage responses at three alternative
outputs.
2. The biquad circuits
The proposed circuits are based on using the
summer circuit of Fig. 1, which employs a C C II
and two resistors. This summer circuit is driven
by the current source/i and the two voltages Va
and Vb. The voltage 1/'1 is given by:
Yl ~ K1 L[B1R3Va R3Vb IiI R4 (2)
(1)
Figure 2 represents the class I mixed-mode
biquad circuit in which the summer input Va
is driven from the output of the first voltage
integrator. The second summer input Vb is
connected to the X terminal of a fourth C C II
acting as a voltage follower feeding-back V3 to
the summer circuit. It is seen that the two
capacitors as well as three of the four resistors
employed are grounded. The mixed-mode
transfer functions (assuming B i 1) are given
=
by:
Yl - K I R 4 s2
Ii - D(s) (3)
591
A.M. Soliman/Mixed-mode biquad circuits

va circuit are that KIK2K3 must be positive and

8
K1K2 must be negative. This implies that K3
Yx ( ~ z I vl
must be negative. The two possible sets of the
signs combinations of the CC IIs together with
the corresponding signs of the transfer functions
are given in Table 1.
R3 4
From eq. (6) and assuming IKil = 1, the COoand
Vb the Q of the filter are given by:

Fig. 1. The summercircuit. ~/ R4

mo = C1C2RIRzR3 (7)
- K I K 2 R 4$
V2 C1R1
(4)
Ii D(s) (8)
-K1K2K3R4
Q--V~
V3 C1C2R1R2 The to0 and the Q sensitivities to all resistors and
(5)
Ii D(s) capacitors are very small and equal to +0.5.
where
For a given coo and Q and in order to limit the
-K1K2R 4 KIK2K3R4
D(s) = S2 + s4 (6) resistors spread to Q the design equations are
C1R1R3 C1 C2R1R2R3 given by:
From the above equation it is seen that the
necessary conditions for the stability of the C1= C2 = C (9)

1 v~
ii, I~ o zt
'R 3 R4 :tzlc t:2
I

Fig. 2. The class I mixed-modebiquad circuit.

592
 Microelectronics Journal, Vol. 27, No. 6

Y
x@ z
Iv, v2

i R3 R4
Z
: z v3

CI

Fig. 3. The class II mixed-mode biquad circuit.

T A B L E 1 T h e C C II polarity and the corresponding TABLE 2 The COoand the Q active sensitivities
transfer function signs
Biquad KI K2 K3 B] B2 B3 B4
Biquad Circuit CC II polarity Transfer function sign Circuit

Class Type Kl K: Ks HP BP LP '0 1 1 1 1 1 1

s~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~
Class I
A + + + Fig.2
[ Q 1 1 1 1 1 1
Fig.2 Sx 2 2 2 -1 2 2
B + +

",, 1 1 1 1 1 1
A + + s~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0
II Class II
Fig.3 Fig.3
B + + + o 1 1 1 I 1 1
S~ 2 2 2 2 2 2 -1

1
R1 = R3 - (10)
co0C
Figure 3 represents the class II biquad circuit.
1 In this case V3 is fedback to the summer
R2 = R4 -- - - (11) circuit at its Y terminal, whereas V2 is
QCOoC
connected to the Y terminal o f the fourth C C
Taking the effect o f non-ideal C C IIs into II. The C C II polarities are given in Table 1,
consideration it is seen that all the COoand the Q the design equations are the same as in the
active sensitivities have magnitudes ~< 1 as given class I biquad and the active sensitivities are
in Table 2. given in Table 2.

593
A.M. Soliman/Mixed-mode biquad circuits
References
[1] W. Kerwin, L. Huelsman and R. Newcomb, State
variable synthesis for insensitive integrated circuit
transfer functions, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, SC-2
(1967) 87-92.
[2] A.M. Soliman, Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb circuit
using current conveyors, Electron. Lett., 30 (1994)
2019-2020.
594
[3] A. Sedra and K.C. Smith, A second generation current
conveyor and its applications, IEEE Trans., CT-17
(1970) 132-134.
[4] LTP Electronics, Current conveyor amplifier CC II
01, Data sheet, 1.1-1.11.
[5] J. Ramirez-Angulo, M. Robinson and E. Sanchez-
Sinencio, Current mode continuous time filters, IEEE
Trans., CAS-39 (1992) 337-341.