PHYSICSPROJECTREPORT

NeuschwansteinCastleelectricity
project

PraewaKobkurkul5861120
KanyapatThongta5861048
SaruttayaRungsakorn5861140
YanisaLekprasert5861305
PhimlaphasMunikanond5861310


CONCEPTUALPHYSICS
MahidolUniversityInternationalDemonstrationSchool
Friday,May11th201712.05-13.05
LectureIntructure-MR.GOPINATH
11THGRADESCIENCE

 Tableofcontents
Objective2

Abstract2

Introduction3

Backgroundinformation3

Materials6-7

Procedure8-14

Discussion15

Conclusion16

References17

Objective
Toexperienceandunderstandthedifferencebetweenparallelcircuitand
seriescircuittheoriesthroughtheNeuschwansteinCastlemodel.

Abstract
Thisprojectfocusedontheideaofdifferentconceptsofelectricitythat
allowedstudentstochooseoneconceptfromthefour,whichwereparallel
circuit,seriescircuit,OhmslawandOerstedsexperiment.Ourgroupchosetodo
theprojectaboutseriesandparallelcircuit.Thegoaloftheprojectfocusingon
thesecircuitswastoexperiencethedifferencebetweenparallelandseriescircuit
inordertobeabletodeterminewhentousewhichtypeofcircuitdependingon
certainsituations.Parallelcircuitisacircuitthatpotentialdifference(voltage)of
twoormorecomponentsconnectingtoeachotherarethesameacrosstheirends.
Becauseofthat,theintensityinlightbulbsinthistypeofcircuitareequal.Also,it
hasahigherintensityineachlightbulbthanthoseinseriescircuitasaresultof
thesameamountofvoltageithas.Forseriescircuit,thecurrentthrougheachof
thecomponentsisthesame,andthevoltageacrossthecircuitisthesumofthe
voltagesacrosseachcomponent.Notonlytheunderstandingoftheconceptofthe
circuitswasrequired,butalsobeingabletomakeone.Aswehadtocreatea
modelthatclearlyexplaintheconceptofparallelandseriescircuit,theactual
circuithadtobeincludedinthemodel.Wechosetomakeacastlemodel,which
containsthecircuitinsidetodemonstratehowelectricityinbuildingswork.The
advantageofmakingacircuitasaparalleloneisoutweighthedisadvantage
comparingtoseriescircuit.Theadvantageiswhenonelightgoesout,itdoesnot
haveanyeffectsontheothers.Duetothisadvantage,mostbuildingsusuallyhave
parallelcircuit.

Introduction

Aparallelcircuitisacircuitcomposedofcomponentsconnectedin
parallel.Theothertypeofelectricalcircuitiscalledserieswhichcomponents
connectedalongasinglepath.Inthisproject,wewillonlyfocusontheparallel
circuit.Thiscircuithastwoormorepathfortheelectricitytoflow.Thecharge
willbegintopassthroughasingleresistoranditwillchosetogothroughoneof
thebrancheswhenitcomestoanode.Ifthecurrentcannotflowthroughoneof
thepath,itsstillbeabletoflowthroughtheother.

Inthisproject,wellfirstbuildamodelwhichwewilllaterputinacircuit.
Afterfinishingbuildingthemodel,wellconstructaparallelcircuitwhichis
bettertouseinhousethanaseriescircuitsincewecanchoosetodisconnect
someofthecircuitwithoutdisconnectingtheothercircuit.

BackgroundInformation
Componentsofanelectricalcircuitcanbeconnectedinvariousways.
Therearetwowaysthatareexperientinthisprojectwhichareseriesand
parallel.Elementsconnectedinseriesareconnectedalongasinglepath.
Elementsconnectedinparallelareconnectedinparallel,sothesamevoltageis
appliedtoeachcomponent.

Seriescircuit

Acircuitcomposedsolelyofcomponentsconnectedinseriesisknownasa
seriescircuit.Inaseriescircuit,thecurrentthrougheachofthecomponentsis
thesame,andthevoltageacrossthecircuitisthesumofthevoltagesacrosseach
component.Everydevicemustfunctionforthecircuittobecomplete.Onebulb

3
burningoutinaseriescircuitbreaksthecircuit.Thecurrentinaseriescircuit
goesthrougheverycomponentinthecircuit.Thereisonlyonepathinaseries
circuitinwhichthecurrentcanflow.

Aseriescircuit'smaindisadvantageoradvantage,isthatbecausethereis
onlyonepathinwhichitscurrentcanflow,openingorbreakingaseriescircuit
atanypointcausestheentirecircuitto"open"orstopoperating.

Parallelcircuits
Aparallelcircuitisonethathastwoormorepathsfortheelectricityto
flow,theloadsareparalleltoeachother.Iftwoormorecomponentsare
connectedinparalleltheyhavethesamepotentialdifference(voltage)across
theirends.Thepotentialdifferencesacrossthecomponentsarethesamein
magnitude,andtheyalsohaveidenticalpolarities.Thesamevoltageisapplicable
toallcircuitcomponents
connectedinparallel.

Inparallelcircuits,each
lighthasitsowncircuit,soallbut
onelightcouldbeburnedout,and
thelastonewillstillfunction

4
becausetheyarestillinadirectpathfromthenegativetopositiveterminalsof
thebattery.

LEDLamp

Beforeelectriclightingbecamecommonintheearly20thcentury,people
usedcandles,gaslights,oillamps,andfires.HumphryDavydevelopedthefirst
incandescentlightin1802,followedbythefirstpracticalelectricarclightin1806.
Bythe1870s,Davy'sarclamphadbeensuccessfullycommercialized,andwas
usedtolightmanypublicspaces.Thedevelopmentofasteadilyglowingfilament
suitableforinteriorlightingtooklonger,butbytheearlytwentiethcentury
inventorshadsuccessfullydevelopedoptions,replacingthearclightwith
incandescentlights.

ThefirstLEDsweredevelopedintheearly1960s,however,theywere
low-poweredandonlyproducedlightinthelow,redfrequenciesofthespectrum.
Thefirsthigh-brightnessblueLEDwasdemonstratedbyShujiNakamuraof
NichiaCorporationin1994.TheexistenceofblueLEDsandhigh-efficiencyLEDs
ledtothedevelopmentofthefirst'whiteLED',whichemployedaphosphor
coatingtopartiallyconverttheemittedbluelighttoredandgreenfrequencies
creatingalightthatappearswhite.IsamuAkasaki,HiroshiAmanoand
Nakamurawerelaterawardedthe2014Nobelprizeinphysicsfortheinvention
oftheblueLED.

AnLEDlampisalight-emittingdiode(LED)productwhichisassembled
intoalamp(orlightbulb)foruseinlightingfixtures.LEDlampshavealifespan
andelectricalefficiencywhichareseveraltimesgreaterthanincandescent
lamps,andaresignificantlymoreefficientthanmostfluorescentlamps.

5
Materials
1. Batteryboxes

2.Wires3.Lightbulbs4.3Abatteries

6
5.Modelkit6.2Abatteries

7.Lightbulbholder8.Woodenbox

7
Procedure

1.Prepare all the materials that do need for the model

2.Carefully take the paper out from the plane

8
3.Build the model by following the instruction in the Guide book step by step

4.Join them together as in the picture below

9
5. Flip the model and put the light below the model

10
ConnectingtheCircuit

6.Cutthewiresintopiecesthathavethelengthweneed.

7.Takeouttherubberthatiswrappedaroundthewire.Thatwayatbothendsof
thewirescanbeconnectedtootheronesinordertomakeacircuit.

11
8.Putlightbulbsinthebulbholder.

9.Connecttheseriescircuit.

12
10.Connecttheparallelcircuit.

11.Takeoutonelightbulbtoseeiftheotheronewillstillbeon(Tocheckifthe
parallelcircuitwasconnectedright)

13

12.Stickthecircuitstothemodel.

14
Discussion

InthisNeuschwansteinCastlemodelproject,weconnectedtheelectricity
byusingaparallelcircuit,becauseitismoresuitable.Eachlighthasitsown
circuit,soitdoesntdependonotherlightstofunctionproperly.Ifoneofthe
lightsinthesystemisburnedout,theotherscanstilllightup.Normally,ina
house,itismoresuitabletouseaparallelcircuit,sowhenonelightisburnedout,
alllightsinthewholehousewontgoout.

Therearethreeerrorswemadewhiledoingthisproject.Firstly,whenwe
finishedconstructingthemodel,wetriedtoconnecttheelectricitybutitwas
reallydifficulttodoso.Wehadtobecarefulnottobreakthemodel.Therewere
somepartsthathadtobehiddeninsidethemodelbutwehadalreadyclosedit.
Asaresult,wehadtotrytodoitupsidedownsothebatteryandthecircuitcould
behidden.Werealizedthatweshouldhaveconnectedtheelectricitytothe
model,whileweweremakingthemodel.Secondly,wedidntknowthatwe
neededtouselightbulbholdersinordertocompletethecircuit.Thelightbulb
holdersprovideelectricityconnectiontothebulbsandalsohelptosupportthe
structure.Withoutthem,thebulbscouldntlightup.Inaddition,whenwechange
thenewbulb,wecandoitmoreeasily.Thirdly,whenweboughtthebatteries,we
boughttheoneswiththewrongsizes,sotheycouldntfitthebatterybox.

15
 Conclusion
Aparallelcircuitiswhenloadsareparalleltoeachother,therearetwoor
morepathsfortheelectricitytoflow.Theloadsinourexperimentarelightbulb.
Ifoneblewout,theresstillcurrentflowingtotheothersbecausetheyarestillin
adirectpathfrompositivetonegativeterminalofthebattery.Aseriescircuitis
whenloadsarearrangedinachain.Currenthasonlyonepathtoflowsoifone
blewout,noelectricityflow.

16
References
(n.d.).RetrievedApril30,2017,from
http://physics.bu.edu/py106/notes/Circuits.html

(n.d.).RetrievedApril30,2017,from
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/series-and-parallel-circuits

AgPowerWebEnhancedCourseMaterials.(n.d.).RetrievedApril30,2017,
fromhttps://www.swtc.edu/Ag_Power/electrical/lecture/parallel_circuits.htm

LATEST.(n.d.).RetrievedApril30,2017,from
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-5/simple-series-cir
cuits/

SeriesCircuits.(n.d.).RetrievedApril30,2017,from
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circuits/Lesson-4/Series-Circuits

17