Input module sinking:

Figure shown below is an example of a sinking application. In this

configuration, the positive potential is connected to the input device and the
negative potential is connected to the input module. In this case, using a
conventional (positive to negative) current flow, the input device is said to be
providing current to the input module. If the input module is receiving
current, it is said to be sinking.

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1. Hand held Instrument:

A hand held programmers are smaller, cheaper and more portable.

This unit contain multicolored, multifunction keys, and LCD or LED display
window. The keys are used entering and editing the instruction, navigation
keys for moving around the program. It has minimum display capability. It is
well suited for parameter changes in the user program.

Advantages of hand held

instrument:

1. Easy transfer of PLC program

2. Low cost
3. Easy to use and easy to learn
4. Compact size
5. Works with industrial
environment
Disadvantages of hand held instrument:

1. Limited ladders can be displayed

2. Documentation not displayed
3. Program stored in the memory will lost when battery is failure.
4. Need more keystroke to enter the program
5. Take more time to enter a big program
6. Modification of program is difficult.

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Block Diagram of Data Acquisition System:

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Landline and Modem for SCADA:

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