Perhitungan Shell and Tube

Tipe : Horizontal

Shell side
ID : 104 in 8.6666663 ft
pass : 1

Tube side
OD : 1 in (dalam BWG 14 ) = 0.0833333 ft
L : 402 in 33.5 ft
pass : 4 pass
jumlah : 680 buah
A : 210 m2 2260.4211 ft2
Baffle : 7 in 0.5833333 ft
Pitch : 1.25 in

Fluida Panas : Long Residu

Laju alir fluida W1 = 2021.60 ton/day = 185702.15 lb/hr
T1 = 642.56 o
F
T2 = 592.16 o
F

Fluida Dingin : Crude Oil

 Laju alir fluida W2 = 4040.20 ton/day = 371128.73 lb/hr
t1 = 317.12 o
F
t2 = 340.88 o
F

1 LMTD
Fluida Panas Fluida Dingin Selisih
642.56 Higher Temp
Suhu tinggi 340.88 301.68
592.16 Higher Temp
Suhu rendah 317.12 275.04
Selisih 26.6

LMTD = Δt 2 − Δt 1
ln ( Δt 2 / Δt 1 )
DTm = 288.15

2 Menghitung faktor koreksi dengan terlebih dahulu menghitung R dan S

T 1 −T 2
R =
t 2 −t 1

= 2.12
t 2− t 1
S =
T 2 −t 1
= 0.0730088496

Dari grafik 18 kern atau fig 10.31 A. Ludwig, maka FT = 0.97

jadi True Temperature Different,

 DT = DTm x FT
= 279.51014585 oF

3 Menghitung caloric temperature dan data physical fluida

Δt c T 2 −t 1
=
Δt h T 1 −t 2
= 0.9116945107

T1 - T2 = 50.40 oF

Spesific Gravity long residu pada 60 0F/60 0F = 0.9093

141 ,5
API =
0 −131, 5 = 24.114209
Spgr

Dari fig. 17, Kern atau fig. 10-32, Ludwig, didapat

Kc = 0.35
Fc = 0.465

Tc = T2 + Fc(T1-T2) = 615.596 oF
tc = t1 + Fc(t2-t1) = 328.1684 oF

sehingga diperoleh data2 sebagai berikut :

Crude oil
tc = 328.1684 oF
API =
0
35.5
 µt = 0.35 cp µt = 0.847 lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell)
VABP = 572 oF
B = 0.03
Cpt + B = 0.68 (p.93 maxwell)
Cpt = 0.65 Btu/(lb 0F)
kt = 0.0725 Btu/(hr.ft.0F)

Long Residu
tc = 615.596 oF
API =
0
24.114208732
µs = 0.4 µs = 0.968 lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell)
VABP = 834.8 oF
B = 0.02
Cps + B = 0.65 (p.93 maxwell)
Cps = 0.63 Btu/(lb 0F)
ks = 0.0615 Btu/(hr.ft.0F) (fig. 1 Kern)

4 Menentukan Heat Duty

Qt = Mt x Cpt x (t2-t1) = 5731712 Btu / hr

Qs = Ms x Cps x (T1-T2) = 5896415 Btu / hr

5 Menghitung UD

A = 2260.4211 ft2

UD =
Q
Ax ΔT
= 9.0718830129 Btu/j ft2 0F
6 Menghitung Flow Area (at & as)
a. Tube
1 in OD BWG 14
Flow area per tube (at') = 0.546 in2 (lihat tabel 10 kern)

at = Nt x at' = 0.6445833 ft2

144 x pass

b. Shell

as = ID x C' x B
144 x PT
C' = PT - ODt = 0.25 in
B = 7 in
PT = 1.25 in
as = 1.011 ft2

7 Menghitung Mass Velocity (Gt)

a. Tube
Gt = Wt 575765 lb/(ft2j)
at

b. Shell
Gs = Ws 183661 lb/(ft2j)
at

8 Menghitung Reynold Number (Re) dan Heat Transfer Factor (JH)

a. Tube
tc = 328.1684 oF
µt = 0.35 cp = 0.8466748 lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell)
IDt = 0.834 in (lihat kern tabel 10, untuk OD 1" BWG 10)
 0.06950000 ft

b. Shell
tc = 615.596 oF
µs = 0.4 cp = 0.9676283 lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell)
De = 0.99 in
0.0825 ft

Ret = D x Gt 47262.2 Res = De x Gs 15658.98

µt µs

L/D = 482.01438849

Dari fig 24 Kern atau fig 10-36 Ludwig Dari fig 28 kern atau fig 10-44 Ludwig
JH = ### JH = 116

9 Menghitung Thermal Funtion, k

a. Tube
tc = t1 + Fc(t2-t1) = 328.17 oF
µt = 0.35 µt = 0.8466748 lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell) Lihat Fig. 16 Kern

k ((Cp x  ) / k )1/3 = 0.2 Btu/j.ft2.0F

ft
a. Shell
tc = t1 + Fc(t2-t1) = 615.60 oF
µs = 0.4 µs = 0.968 lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell) Lihat Fig. 16 Kern

k ((Cp x ) / k )1/3 = 0.2 Btu/j.ft2.0F

ft
10 Menghitung Tube-Wall Temperature, tw
a. Tube

hi = JH x k/D (Cp .  /k)1/3 = 659.878421 Btu/j.ft2.0F

φt

hio = (hi/φt) x (ID/OD) = 550.338603 Btu/j.ft2.0F

φt

b. Shell

h0 = JH x k/De (Cp ./k)1/3 = 285.824 Btu/j.ft2.0F

φs

h o /φs
t w =t c + = 328.51022825 oF
hi 0 /φt +h 0 / φ s

11 Koreksi ho dan hio

a. Tube

tw = 328.51022825 oF
µw = 0.325 cp = 0.786198 lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell)
µt = 0.8466747744 lb/ft j

0 . 14
μt
φt =
( )μw
= 1.0104291
 0 . 14
μt
( )μw
hi 0
hio =
( )
φt
xφ t = 556.07815 Btu/j.ft2.0F

b. Shell

tw = 328.51022825 oF
µw = 0.9 cp = 2.1771637 lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell)
µs = 0.968 lb/ft j

0 . 14
μs
φs =
( )μw
= 0.8927252

h0
ho =
( )φs
xφs= 255.16229 Btu/j.ft2.0F

12 Menghitung Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc

hi 0 xh0
Uc = = 174.9052 Btu/j.ft2.0F
hi 0 + h 0
13 Menghitung Dirt Factor, Rd (fouling Factor)

U c−U D
Rd = = 0.1045133
U c xU D

14 Friction Factor, f

a. Tube b. Shell
dari figure 26 kern
 Ret = 23907.3909 Res = 23343.944
f = 0.00022 f = 0.0018

15 Specific Gravity, s

a. Tube

tc = 328.1684 oF
s = 0.765 (fig. 39, lampiran)

b. Shell

Tc = 615.596 oF
s = 0.78 (fig. 39, lampiran)

16 Banyak lintasan yang melintang (Number of Croses)

N+1 = 12 x L / B = 57.428571

Ds = IDs = 8.6666663 ft

17 Pressure Drop,∆P

a. Tube
fxG 2 xLxn
t
∆Pt = = 3.4849447 Psi
10
5 , 22 x 10 xID t xsxφ t

∆Pr (Pressure Drop Return)

2
∆Pr =
4 xnxv = 0.4810458
sx 2 xg 1
dari fig.27 kern

v2 = 0.023
2 x g'

∆Pr = ∆Pt + ∆Pr = 3.9659905 Psi

b. Shell
fxG 2 x( N +1)xD s
∆Ps = s = 10.077478 Psi
10
5, 22 x10 xDe xsx φs
 Perhitungan Shell and Tube

Tipe : Vertikal

Shell side
ID : 73.5 in 6.1249998
pass : 1

Tube side
OD : 2 in (dalam BWG 14 ) =
L : 300 in 25
pass : 4 pass
jumlah : 498 buah
A : 90 m2 968.7519
Baffle : 5 in 0.4166667
Pitch : 1.25 in

Fluida Panas : Long Residu

Laju alir fluida W1 = 2021.60 ton/day =
T1 = 642.56 o
F
T2 = 592.16 o
F

Fluida Dingin : Crude Oil

Laju alir fluida W2 = 4040.20 ton/day =
t1 = 317.12 o
F
t2 = 340.88 o
F

1 LMTD
Fluida Panas Fluida Dingin
642.56 Higher Temp Suhu tinggi 340.88
592.16 Higher Temp Suhu rendah 317.12
Selisih

Δt 2 − Δt 1
ln ( Δt 2 / Δt 1 )
 LMTD = Δt 2 − Δt 1
ln ( Δt 2 / Δt 1 )
DTm = 288.15

2 Menghitung faktor koreksi dengan terlebih dahulu menghitung R dan S

T 1 −T 2
R =
t 2 −t 1

= 2.12
t 2− t 1
S =
T 2 −t 1
= 0.0730088496

Dari grafik 18 kern atau fig 10.31 A. Ludwig, maka FT =

jadi True Temperature Different,

DT = DTm x FT
= 279.51014585 oF

3 Menghitung caloric temperature dan data physical fluida

Δt c T 2 −t 1
=
Δt h T 1 −t 2
= 0.9116945107

T1 - T2 = 50.40 oF

Spesific Gravity long residu pada 60 0F/60 0F = 0.9093

141 ,5
API =
0 −131 , 5 = 24.114209
Spgr

Dari fig. 17, Kern atau fig. 10-32, Ludwig, didapat

Kc = 0.35
Fc = 0.465

Tc = T2 + Fc(T1-T2) = 615.596
 tc = t1 + Fc(t2-t1) = 328.1684

sehingga diperoleh data2 sebagai berikut :

Crude oil
tc = 328.1684 oF
API =
0
35.5
µt = 0.35 cp µt =
VABP = 572 oF
B = 0.03
Cpt + B = 0.68 (p.93 maxwell)
Cpt = 0.65 Btu/(lb 0F)
kt = 0.0725 Btu/(hr.ft.0F)

Long Residu
tc = 615.596 oF
API =
0
24.114208732
µs = 0.4 µs = 0.968
VABP = 834.8 oF
B = 0.02
Cps + B = 0.65 (p.93 maxwell)
Cps = 0.63 Btu/(lb 0F)
ks = 0.0615 Btu/(hr.ft.0F) (fig. 1 Kern)

4 Menentukan Heat Duty

Qt = Mt x Cpt x (t2-t1) = 5731712

Qs = Ms x Cps x (T1-T2) = 5896415

5 Menghitung UD

A = 968.7519 ft2

UD =
Q
Ax ΔT
= 21.16772703 Btu/j ft2 0F

6 Menghitung Flow Area (at & as)

a. Tube
1 in OD BWG 14
Flow area per tube (at') = 0.546 in2 (lihat tabel 10 kern)
 at = Nt x at' = 0.4720625
144 x pass

b. Shell

as = ID x C' x B
144 x PT
C' = PT - ODt = -0.75
B = 5 in
PT = 1.25 in
as = -1.53125 ft2

7 Menghitung Mass Velocity (Gt)

a. Tube
Gt = Wt 786186 lb/(ft2j)
at

b. Shell
Gs = Ws -121275 lb/(ft2j)
at

8 Menghitung Reynold Number (Re) dan Heat Transfer Factor (JH)

a. Tube
tc = 328.1684 oF
µt = 0.35 cp = 0.8466748
IDt = 0.834 in (lihat kern tabel 10, untuk OD 1" B
0.06950000 ft

b. Shell
tc = 615.596 oF
µs = 0.4 cp = 0.9676283
De = 0.99 in
0.0825 ft

Ret = D x Gt 64534.7
µt

L/D = 359.71223022

Dari fig 24 Kern atau fig 10-36 Ludwig Dari fig 28 kern atau fig 10-44 Ludwig
JH = 250 JH = 116
 9 Menghitung Thermal Funtion, k
a. Tube
tc = t1 + Fc(t2-t1) = 328.17
µt = 0.35 µt = 0.8466748

k ((Cp x ) / k )1/3 = 0.18344620112 Btu/j.ft2.0F

ft
a. Shell
tc = t1 + Fc(t2-t1) = 615.60
µs = 0.4 µs = 0.968

k ((Cp x ) / k )1/3 = 0.20328 Btu/j.ft2.0F

ft
10 Menghitung Tube-Wall Temperature, tw
a. Tube

hi = JH x k/D (Cp .  /k)1/3 =

φt

hio = (hi/φt) x (ID/OD) =

φt

b. Shell

h0 = JH x k/De (Cp ./k)1/3 =

φs

h o /φs
t w =t c + = 328.51022825 oF
hi0 /φt +h 0 /φ s

11 Koreksi ho dan hio

a. Tube

tw = 328.51022825 oF
µw = 0.325 cp = 0.786198
µt = 0.8466747744 lb/ft j

0 . 14
μt
( )
μw
 0 . 14
μt
φt =
( )μw
= 1.0104291

hi 0
hio =
( )
φt
xφ t = 556.07815

b. Shell

tw = 328.51022825 oF
µw = 0.9 cp = 2.1771637
µs = 0.968 lb/ft j

0 . 14
μs
φs =
( )μw
= 0.8927252

h0
ho =
( )
φs
xφs = 255.16229

12 Menghitung Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc

hi 0 xh0
Uc = = 174.9052
hi 0 + h0
13 Menghitung Dirt Factor, Rd (fouling Factor)

U c−U D
Rd = = 0.0415243
U c xU D

14 Friction Factor, f

a. Tube b. Shell
dari figure 26 kern
Ret = 23907.3909 Res
f = 0.00022 f

15 Specific Gravity, s

a. Tube

tc = 328.1684 oF
s = 0.765 (fig. 39, lampiran)
 b. Shell

Tc = 615.596 oF
s = 0.78 (fig. 39, lampiran)

16 Banyak lintasan yang melintang (Number of Croses)

N+1 = 12 x L / B = 60

Ds = IDs = 6.1249998

17 Pressure Drop,∆P

a. Tube
fxG 2 xLxn
t
∆Pt = = 4.8489782
10
5 , 22 x 10 xID t xsxφ t

∆Pr (Pressure Drop Return)

2
∆Pr =
4 xnxv = 0.4810458
sx 2 xg 1
dari fig.27 kern

v2 = 0.023
2 x g'

∆Pr = ∆Pt + ∆Pr = 5.330024

b. Shell
fxG 2 x( N +1)xD s
∆Ps = s = 3.244402
10
5,22 x10 xDe xsx φs
 ft

m BWG 14 ) = 0.0833333 ft
ft

ft2
ft

185702.15 lb/hr

371128.73 lb/hr

Selisih
301.68
275.04
26.6
 0.97

o
F
 o
F

0.847 lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell)

lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell)

.0F) (fig. 1 Kern)

Btu / hr
Btu / hr

(lihat tabel 10 kern)

 ft2

in

lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell)

(lihat kern tabel 10, untuk OD 1" BWG 10)

lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell)

Res = De x Gs -10339.9
µs

28 kern atau fig 10-44 Ludwig

o
F
lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell) Lihat Fig. 16 Kern

o
F
lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell) Lihat Fig. 16 Kern

659.878421 Btu/j.ft2.0F

550.338603 Btu/j.ft2.0F

285.824 Btu/j.ft2.0F

lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell)

Btu/j.ft2.0F

lb/ft j (p.165 maxwell)

Btu/j.ft2.0F

Btu/j.ft2.0F

= 23343.944
= 0.0018
ft

Psi

Psi

Psi