7111 08 v2 Unit-A-3 02ppt

Teaching
Young
Children
OBJECTIVE 3.02
Understand selection and use of teaching methods.
Teaching Young Children
Part 1:
Selecting Teaching Methods
Ways Children Learn

The Role of Play Materials
A- 3.02 - Teaching 2
Selecting Teaching Methods
In order to select appropriate teaching

methods, you need to know about
The ways children learn
The role of play materials
Factors to consider when selecting toys and
play materials
How do children learn?
From the
environment
From a teacher
From their
experiences
Learning from the
environment
Variety of
manipulatives
Interactive
environment with
opportunities to
explore and
experiment
Learning from a teacher
Provides positive
reinforcement
Is a good role model
for children to imitate
When a person shows

someone else how to do
something, this is called
modeling.
Learning from experiences
Sensory
elements
Trial and error
Learn from
mistakes
Address all
areas of
development
The Role of Play Materials
Play is the
business
of children.
Play =
Learning
Play plays a very important role in learning.

2 Types of Play Materials
1. Open-ended --- can be used in a variety

of ways, with no one correct way to play
with them
2. Closed-ended --- structured materials
meant to be used in one way, with one
intended outcome
Can you think of examples
of each?
Open-ended Closed-ended
Both types offer benefits for children.
Benefits of Open-ended
Materials for Children
1. Develop independence
2. Learn to make decisions
3. Learn to solve problems
4. Use their imagination
Benefits of Closed-ended
Materials for Children
1. Learn to follow
directions
2. Develop sensory
perception
3. Help develop motor
skills
Factors to Consider When
Selecting Toys & Play Materials
Safety
Rounded,
smooth
edges
Nontoxic
Durability
Easy to clean
Appropriate for
different ages
Encourages
cooperative play, not
aggressive play
Number of children
who can use at one
time
Storage space
available
Multi-purpose
Encourages
active
involvement, not
passive
observation
Teaches
basic
concepts
Allows for
sensory
learning
Enjoyed by both
boys and girls
Fun to play with
Part 2: Using Teaching Methods
Planning
Lessons
Using Teaching Methods
In order to use teaching methods

effectively, you need to know
about
Planning lessons
Teaching styles
Teaching techniques
Lesson Plan
A detailed written
explanation of a
learning activity
Like an architect prepares a blueprint so that the builder will know
every detail about how the building should be built, and to
guarantee that the building is physically sound and aesthetically
pleasing; similarly, a teacher prepares a lesson plan with every
detail about how the lesson is to be taught, which better ensures
that the lesson will be effective and that children will participate
and learn. The only difference is that . . .
The only
difference is
that the
teacher is
both the
architect
and the
builder.
Purposes of Lesson Plans
Serves as an organizational tool
Forces teachers to think ahead
Enables teachers to think through
what they want to do
Provides time to gather needed
materials
Can be saved for future reference
Results of Teaching
without Lesson Plans???
Lessons flounder
and fail
Time wasted
Children bored
Materials not ready
Things left out
Components of Lesson
Plans Lets look at
each of these
Target age group more closely. . .
Topic or theme
Purpose
Concepts to be learned
Skills to be developed
Materials needed
Procedures
Questions
Follow-up activities
Evaluation
Target Age Group
Age or level of
development of
children
Example:
Three-year-olds
Purpose of Lesson
Stated as
objectives
Things to aim
for and reach Example:
The learners will be able to
Targets (TLWBAT)
recognize basic shapes.
What could be an objective
for this learning activity?
Concepts to Be Learned
Skills to Be Developed
List exactly the
concepts and skills
that will be
learned/developed.
Concept: Objects can be

counted one at a time.
Skill: Counting from 1 to 10
Concepts to Be Learned
Skills to Be Developed
List exactly the

concepts and skills
that will be
learned/developed.
What concepts and skills can be developed from playing

dress-up?
Concept? Skill?
Materials Needed (Example)
Materials Needed
6 sets crayons
1 4-in. paper square per child
6 bottles white glue
List all materials Yarn, assorted lengths, colors
needed
State quantities
This serves as the
teachers checklist
for getting
prepared.
Procedures
Outline steps for

leading the
activity Procedures:
(Example)
1. Have children sit in a circle.

Put them in 2. Introduction: Ask children to close
correct their eyes and picture their most
favorite food.
sequence 3. Tell children that they are going to
learn about foods that make their
Be thorough 4. bodies strong and healthy.
Read the first page of the book . . .
Lessons usually include these
lesson functions:
Focus and review - an introduction to capture
attention, focus on the topic, review
Statement of objective to state what children will
learn
Teacher input to introduce new information
Student guided practice to give children a chance to
use the new information
Independent practice to see how well children can do
things on their own
Closure - to summarize, bring the activity to an end
Questions Example:
What happens if we
push just one button
To focus at a time?
thinking
and
guide
learning
Follow-up Activities
To reinforce what
was learned
To provide
additional help
for children who
need it
Example:
Next time I will remember to work
with a smaller number of children
Evaluation at a time . . .
To assess the
effectiveness of the
lesson
Number of children who
were successful
Adaptations needed for
different ability levels
Ways to improve
Would you use again?
Transitions
Short activities
that guide
children
smoothly from
one activity to
another
Transition signals may be
Transition Move to Circle
Methods Time like an
elephant walking
through the jungle.
Move a few children at a
time while others do
another activity
Sort children by colors of
clothing worn (or other
categories); move by
groups
Have children move as
though they were specific
animals
Transition Methods
To start an activity, use a

prop or something special
to capture interest
For clean-up transition,
use a job board or a job
jar
Use choice time to let
children decide the
activity they wish to do
next
Part 3: Using Teaching Methods
Teaching Styles
Teaching Techniques
Teaching Think about the ways
in which some of
Styles YOUR teachers
conduct their classes .
..
The
ways in
which
teachers
conduct
their
classes
Teaching style includes
The teachers expectations about behavior

The degree of structure in lessons
The degree of spontaneity in lessons
You know, spontaneous!

Whats
Spontaneity is when the
spontaneity
teacher follows her impulses,
?
lets things happen naturally.
Factors Affecting Teaching
Styles
The teachers
personality
The teachers own
learning style
The teachers beliefs
about teaching and
learning
Ways Children Respond
to Teaching Styles
One style is not
necessarily better
Children benefit from
many different styles
Sensitive teachers are
aware of their own
teaching styles
Effective teachers know
how to adapt their styles
as needed
Teaching
Techniques
Teaching Technique #1:
Arrange the environment
Provide adequate
space
Organize space so
activity can be done
safely and easily
Set the stage
Use an opener to catch their

attention
Let children know what to expect
Help children get into the right frame
of mind
Use a focus object an item related
to the activity that helps introduce it
Handle play activities
Serve as the facilitator,

not the controller
Help children get the
most out of play
Recognize teachable
moments --- unplanned
times when children are
ready to learn
Group children appropriately
Factors to consider
Number of children
Age range
Ability levels
Methods of Grouping
Chronological grouping same age together

Developmental grouping same ability levels
together
Family grouping same age range together
Random grouping grouping with no pattern
in mind; each child has an equal chance to be
in any group
Advantages/Disadvantages of
Grouping by Age or Ability
Advantage: Easier to plan lessons

Disadvantage: Children miss the
opportunity to relate to children of other
ages/abilities
Can you think of other advantages or
disadvantages?
Advantages/Disadvantages
of Family Grouping
Advantage: Individual children have a greater
chance of learning
Advantage: Children have more opportunity to
learn to relate with children of other ages
Disadvantage: The range of developmental
needs is challenging for teachers
Can you think of other advantages or
disadvantages?
Conditions under which
smaller groups are needed:
1. When much personal attention is
required
2. When learning new skills
3. When the activity is complex
4. With younger children
5. When children are prone to misbehave
Use concrete objects
Children understand
best when they can
see and touch
Descriptive words
sometimes have little
meaning for young
children
Use open-ended questions
Require more than a yes or no

answer
There is no right or wrong
response
Encourage children to express
themselves
Stimulate creativity and language
development
Use other techniques effectively.
Visuals can reinforce

learning
Props can capture
attention and add
variety
Thats all for now!

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Teaching

Ways Children Learn

In order to select appropriate teaching

When a person shows

Play plays a very important role in learning.

1. Open-ended --- can be used in a variety

Both types offer benefits for children.

In order to use teaching methods

Concept: Objects can be

Skill: Counting from 1 to 10

List exactly the

What concepts and skills can be developed from playing

Outline steps for

1. Have children sit in a circle.

To start an activity, use a

The teachers expectations about behavior

You know, spontaneous!

Arrange the environment

Set the stage

Use an opener to catch their

Handle play activities

Serve as the facilitator,

Group children appropriately

Chronological grouping same age together

Advantage: Easier to plan lessons

Use concrete objects

Use open-ended questions

Require more than a yes or no

Visuals can reinforce

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