Objectives

- To study the response of the pressurized vessel

- To observe the effect on the pressure and temperature

Introduction

This experiment is dealing with the properties of ideal gas PVT. An ideal gas is a gas that
follows the relationship PV=RT. It defines that P and T are the absolute pressure and
absolute temperature respectively and R is the universal gas constant. The particular gas
constant depends on the molecular weight of the gas. However, comprehensive
understanding of First Law of Thermodynamics, P-V-T relationship and Second law of
Thermodynamic is fundamentally important in the application of thermodynamic in the
industry. To ease the study the relationship of ideal gas, the perfect gas expansion is used
to familiarize with several fundamental thermodynamic processes. This machine can be
manipulate by monitored the digital monitor on the control panel. This machine is safely
to run during the experiment. The equipments picture is showed below:

Diagram 1.0
According to diagram 1.0, this apparatus consist of one pressure vessel on the left and
one vacuum vessel at the right and both are made of glass tubes. These vessels are linked
to each other with a set of piping and valves. Large diameter of pipes is used in order to
provide gradual or instant change. When the vacuum pump is on, the pressure and
temperature will be displayed on the digital indicator.

Procedures

1. The equipment was connected to single phase power supply and switched on.
2. All the valves were fully opened and the initial pressure reading was set to
atmospheric pressure.
3. All the gas valves were closed tightly.
4. The hose from compressive port of the pump was connected to pressurized chamber.
5. The compressive pump was switched on and the pressure inside the chamber was
allowed to reach 160kPa.
6. The compressive pump was switched off and the hose was removed from the chamber
immediately.
7. The pressure reading inside the chamber was monitored until it stabilizes.
8. The pressure and temperature reading were recorded as PT 1.
9. The valve V 01 was fully opened and brought it back to closed position after 2
seconds.
10. The pressure was monitored and recorded until it become stable. The temperature was
also recorded.

Results and Calculations

PT 1 (kPa abs) Temperature (C)

 Initial After brief expansion
160 28.0
145.5 27.4
145.6 27.2
145.7 26.9
145.8 26.7
145.9 26.5

Response of pressurized vessel followed by brief depressurization

200

150

100
Pressure (kPa)

50

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Response

Discussion
studied. With the result gained, it seems that both the temperature and pressure of the
gas before expansion were higher compared to after expansion. However, to be discussed
isreally the mechanism behind the process. The process is claimed to be isentropic,
whichmeans there was no change in entropy throughout out the process. This is only
valid for spontaneous process and irreversible ones according to a book of
fundamentalthermodynamics study by Peter Atkins written in 2002. At the same time, on
the other handthe process conducted with the apparatus was claimed to be adiabatic and
reversible.In the stepwise and brief depressurization experiments, the strategy to adopt an
equal-time-stepwise depressurization approach in this study yielded a more reliable result
for example in the production sector in industries. The substance onset pressure is found
to beaffected by the way of system depressurization (frequency and time step magnitude)
since ithas a direct bearing on the stabilization time (Petrowiki.org). With the last two
experiments,the volume ratio and the heat capacity ratio were determined. The percentage
in difference of the volume theoretical value with the result acquired is about 31 percent
which is pretty large.
This couldve been due
to environmental factors affecting the stability of the pressure andtemperature or random
mistakes done during the experiment. For the heat capacity, thedifference between the
resulted value of heat capacity ratio and the theoretical value is about24.71 percent. This
also deviated really much from the theoretical value and can be explained by the
accidental mistakes done

Brief depressurization is reduced in terms of time. The time interval increased to a few
seconds. Therefore, the effect on the pressure and temperature can be observes which can
be compared later. Thus, the graph should be higher in gradient. For experiment 5, brief
depressurization shown in graph plotted in result which is decrease linearly compared to
stepwise. The expansion occur when the pressure of gas increase. Expansion of gas
decrease as the gas is free to flow out time by time.