BRINCH HANSEN'S METHOD FOR LATERALLY LOADED PILES

There is an explanation of the Brinch Hansen method starting on page 224 of the 4th edition of M.J.Tomlinson's book "Pile D

This spreadsheet implements the Brinch Hansen method for calculating;-

- depth of rotation
- bending moments in the pile
- forces on the pile over its height
for a laterally loaded pile embedding in soil.

The only worksheet it is necessary to work with is the "Input & Ouput" worksheet. Enter values in the yellow boxes.

Enter the height above the ground surface at which a horizontal force is to be applied.

The pile length and diameter are required. In the green box enter an initial value for the depth about which you might reason
solve button" this value will be changed to

This spreadsheet is designed to work where the soil is in two distinct strata known as the "upper soil" and the "bottom soil".

The "upper soil" is divided into 10 horizontal slices and each slice is analysed in accordance with Brinch-Hansen's method. T
changed.

Enter the depth at which the soil type changes. This value must not exceed the length of the pile.

The "bottom soil" may be divided into up to a maximum of 10 slices. It is possibly easiest and best to leave this as 10 unless

For each of these two soil strata soil properties c', phi' and gamma should be entered. There is also a space where the varia

The last step is to click on the yellow and red "Press to solve" button at the top right hand side of the screen. This will run a m
into equilibrium by adjusting the depth about which rotation of the pile is considered to occur.

If the "Press to solve" button does not run the macro then it may be because the worksheet macros are disabled. The works
is set to "high".

If the depth about which rotation of the pile goal seeks to a value that exceeds the length of the pile then the soil fails.

In the brown/orange cells the moments and forces on the pile can be read off against depth.

Internal workings of the spreadsheet

Users of this spreadsheet only need concern themselves with the worksheet titled "Input & Output", however there are 4 oth

On sheets "Kq" and "Kc" are tables and graphs which contain the values for the Brinch Hansen co-efficients Kq and Kc. The
the soil angle of friction, phi.

The two "interpolation" sheets take the values of Z/B and phi from the "Input & Output" sheet (in the grey cells) and calculate
between the values on the tables on sheets "Kq" and "Kc". The calculation of interpolated values is quite a complicated proc
sheets are copied back to the pale blue cells on the "Input & Output" sheet.
PILES
J.Tomlinson's book "Pile Design and Construction Practice".

he yellow boxes.

ut which you might reasonably expect the pile to rotate. When you click on the "Press to

oil" and the "bottom soil".

rinch-Hansen's method. The number of slices that the upper soil is divided into cannot be

to leave this as 10 unless a particular model requires less slices.

o a space where the variation of drained cohesion with depth can be entered.

e screen. This will run a macro which performs a "goal seek" to put the forces on the pile

s are disabled. The worksheet macros are automatically disabled if the Excel security level

e then the soil fails.

, however there are 4 other worksheets which are used in the calculations.

efficients Kq and Kc. These coefficients vary depending on the soil depth, pile width and

e grey cells) and calculate the corresponding values for Kq and Kc by interpolation
quite a complicated procedure. The final values in the pale blue boxes on the interpolation
 Height of application above top of pile 1.5 m

PRESS TO
Length of pile 10 m
Pile diameter 0.45 m

SOLVE
Depth about which rotation of pile occurs -5.7 m
(use negative numbers)

Number of slices top soil 10

Depth of top soil 2m
Number of slices bottom soil (max 10) 10

Soil Properties Upper soil

Phi 0 degrees
c' 10 kN/m^2
rate of change of c' 20 kN/m^2/m
Gamma 20 kN/m^3 Resistance to Horizontal Force = -4528.2 kN
Bottom soil
Phi 1 degrees
c' 50 kN/m^2
rate of change of c' 0 kN/m^2/m
Gamma 20 kN/m^3

Height of each element in top soil 0.2

Height of each element in bottom soil 0.8

Slice Top level of Bottom level

Z Z/B Kq Poz Kq.Poz Kc c' c'.Kc Pz Pu arm M M
Number slice of slice
1 0 0.2 0.1 0.22 0 2.0 0 1.6986 12 20 20 1.834 -5.8 10.196 10.5629
2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.67 0 6.0 0 3.1615 16 51 51 4.553 -5.96 24.3931 27.1246
3 0.4 0.6 0.5 1.11 0 10.0 0 4.4263 20 89 89 7.967 -6.16 41.096 49.0633
4 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.56 0 14.0 0 5.0965 24 122 122 11 -6.36 54.5812 69.993
Upper Soil

5 0.8 1 0.9 2.00 0 18.0 0 5.7668 28 161 161 14.53 -6.56 69.146 95.304
6 1 1.2 1.1 2.44 0 22.0 0 6.0972 32 195 195 17.56 -6.76 80.0398 118.672
7 1.2 1.4 1.3 2.89 0 26.0 0 6.4276 36 231 231 20.83 -6.96 90.7594 144.905
8 1.4 1.6 1.5 3.33 0 30.0 0 6.5997 40 264 264 23.76 -7.16 98.7923 170.069
9 1.6 1.8 1.7 3.78 0 34.0 0 6.719 44 296 296 26.61 -7.36 105.315 195.78
10 1.8 2 1.9 4.22 0 38.0 0 6.8409 48 328 328 29.55 -7.56 111.062 223.361
11 2 2.8 2.4 5.33 0.0873 48.0 4 7.4148 50 371 375 135 -8.06 439.766 1087.65
12 2.8 3.6 3.2 7.11 0.0964 64.0 6 7.6998 50 385 391 141 -8.86 346.146 1247.38
13 3.6 4.4 4 8.89 0.1053 80.0 8 7.9205 50 396 404 146 -9.66 241.425 1406.24
Bottom Soil

14 4.4 5.2 4.8 10.67 0.1113 96.0 11 8.0812 50 404 415 149 -10.5 128.125 1561.5
15 5.2 6 5.6 12.44 0.1149 112.0 13 8.142 50 407 420 151 -11.3 8.78595 1702.1
16 6 6.8 6.4 14.22 0.118 128.0 15 8.2029 50 410 425 153 -12.1 -113.57 1846
17 6.8 7.6 7.2 16.00 0.12 144.0 17 8.2647 50 413 431 155 -12.9 -239 1992.82
18 7.6 8.4 8 17.78 0.1216 160.0 19 8.3273 50 416 436 157 -13.7 -367.43 2142.87
19 8.4 9.2 8.8 19.56 0.1231 176.0 22 8.39 50 419 441 159 -14.5 -499 2296.24
20 9.2 10 9.6 21.33 0.124 192.0 24 8.4122 50 421 444 160 -15.3 -630.66 2441.14

-9E-013 18829
 Zq
Z/B range 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 45 Phi

0.01 0 0.15 1 1.7 2.6 3.9 4.9 7.5 12 18 18 0

1 0 0.23 1.15 1.9 3.1 4.4 6.1 9 14.2 22 22 0
0.01 0 0.15 1 1.7 2.6 3.9 4.9 7.5 12 18 18 0
1 0 0.23 1.15 1.9 3.1 4.4 6.1 9 14.2 22 22 0
1 0 0.23 1.15 1.9 3.1 4.4 6.1 9 14.2 22 22 0
2 0 0.29 1.26 2.1 3.5 4.9 7 10.6 16.5 26 26 0
1 0 0.23 1.15 1.9 3.1 4.4 6.1 9 14.2 22 22 0
2 0 0.29 1.26 2.1 3.5 4.9 7 10.6 16.5 26 26 0
2 0 0.29 1.26 2.1 3.5 4.9 7 10.6 16.5 26 26 0
3 0 0.34 1.34 2.3 3.8 5.4 8 12.5 18.5 29.9 29.9 0
2 0 0.29 1.26 2.1 3.5 4.9 7 10.6 16.5 26 26 0
3 0 0.34 1.34 2.3 3.8 5.4 8 12.5 18.5 29.9 29.9 0
2 0 0.29 1.26 2.1 3.5 4.9 7 10.6 16.5 26 26 0
3 0 0.34 1.34 2.3 3.8 5.4 8 12.5 18.5 29.9 29.9 0
3 0 0.34 1.34 2.3 3.8 5.4 8 12.5 18.5 29.9 29.9 0
4 0 0.4 1.42 2.5 4.05 5.8 8.8 14 20.1 33.9 33.9 0
3 0 0.34 1.34 2.3 3.8 5.4 8 12.5 18.5 29.9 29.9 0
4 0 0.4 1.42 2.5 4.05 5.8 8.8 14 20.1 33.9 33.9 0
4 0 0.4 1.42 2.5 4.05 5.8 8.8 14 20.1 33.9 33.9 0
5 0 0.43 1.5 2.66 4.25 6.25 9.4 15 22 36.8 36.8 0
5 0 0.43 1.5 2.66 4.25 6.25 9.4 15 22 36.8 36.8 1
6 0 0.45 1.53 2.75 4.38 6.7 10 16.1 24 39.6 39.6 1
7 0 0.48 1.57 2.85 4.5 7 10.3 17 25 41.5 41.5 1
8 0 0.5 1.6 2.9 4.62 7.25 10.7 17.6 27 45 45 1
8 0 0.5 1.6 2.9 4.62 7.25 10.7 17.6 27 45 45 1
9 0 0.53 1.63 2.97 4.66 7.45 11 18.2 28 48 48 1
10 0 0.55 1.67 3 4.73 7.62 11.48 18.8 28.65 51 51 1
11 0 0.56 1.69 3.03 4.8 7.72 11.85 19.4 30 53.5 53.5 1
12 0 0.57 1.7 3.06 4.85 7.79 12.2 19.9 31 56 56 1
13 0 0.58 1.71 3.07 4.9 7.95 12.55 20.6 32.5 59 59 1
14 0 0.59 1.73 3.08 4.95 8.05 12.8 21.4 33.5 61 61 1
15 0 0.59 1.75 3.1 5 8.2 13 22 35 64 64 1
16 0 0.6 1.77 3.13 5.05 8.25 13.1 22.3 36 66.5 66.5 1
17 0 0.6 1.79 3.16 5.1 8.3 13.2 22.7 37 70 70 1
17 0 0.6 1.79 3.16 5.1 8.3 13.2 22.7 37 70 70 1
18 0 0.61 1.81 3.18 5.14 8.35 13.4 23.1 38 73.5 73.5 1
19 0 0.61 1.82 3.21 5.19 8.4 13.54 23.4 39 77 77 1
20 0 0.62 1.83 3.23 5.22 8.44 13.67 23.8 40 81 81 1
20 0 0.62 1.83 3.23 5.22 8.44 13.67 23.8 40 81 81 1
50 0 0.62 1.93 3.5 5.88 9.91 17.7 35.3 81.4 222 222 1
 Range Range Kq

0 5 0 0.15 0 0
0 5 0 0.23 0
0 5 0 0.15 0 0
0 5 0 0.23 0
0 5 0 0.23 0 0
0 5 0 0.29 0
0 5 0 0.23 0 0
0 5 0 0.29 0
0 5 0 0.29 0 0
0 5 0 0.34 0
0 5 0 0.29 0 0
0 5 0 0.34 0
0 5 0 0.29 0 0
0 5 0 0.34 0
0 5 0 0.34 0 0
0 5 0 0.4 0
0 5 0 0.34 0 0
0 5 0 0.4 0
0 5 0 0.4 0 0
0 5 0 0.43 0
0 5 0 0.43 0.086 0.087
0 5 0 0.45 0.09
0 5 0 0.48 0.096 0.096
0 5 0 0.5 0.1
0 5 0 0.5 0.1 0.105
0 5 0 0.53 0.106
0 5 0 0.55 0.11 0.111
0 5 0 0.56 0.112
0 5 0 0.57 0.114 0.115
0 5 0 0.58 0.116
0 5 0 0.59 0.118 0.118
0 5 0 0.59 0.118
0 5 0 0.6 0.12 0.12
0 5 0 0.6 0.12
0 5 0 0.6 0.12 0.122
0 5 0 0.61 0.122
0 5 0 0.61 0.122 0.123
0 5 0 0.62 0.124
0 5 0 0.62 0.124 0.124
0 5 0 0.62 0.124
 Zc
Z/B range 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 45 Phi

0.01 1 1 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 8 8 0
1 4.259 5.319 6.252 7.968 9.753 11.46 15.84 22.79 31.49 45.31 45.31 0
0.01 1 1 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 8 8 0
1 4.259 5.319 6.252 7.968 9.753 11.46 15.84 22.79 31.49 45.31 45.31 0
1 4.259 5.319 6.252 7.968 9.753 11.46 15.84 22.79 31.49 45.31 45.31 0
2 5.767 7.058 8.466 11 13.48 17.88 24.71 34.14 49.12 73.59 73.59 0
1 4.259 5.319 6.252 7.968 9.753 11.46 15.84 22.79 31.49 45.31 45.31 0
2 5.767 7.058 8.466 11 13.48 17.88 24.71 34.14 49.12 73.59 73.59 0
2 5.767 7.058 8.466 11 13.48 17.88 24.71 34.14 49.12 73.59 73.59 0
3 6.51 7.968 9.753 12.18 14.91 21 29 41.79 65.19 106 106 0
2 5.767 7.058 8.466 11 13.48 17.88 24.71 34.14 49.12 73.59 73.59 0
3 6.51 7.968 9.753 12.18 14.91 21 29 41.79 65.19 106 106 0
2 5.767 7.058 8.466 11 13.48 17.88 24.71 34.14 49.12 73.59 73.59 0
3 6.51 7.968 9.753 12.18 14.91 21 29 41.79 65.19 106 106 0
3 6.51 7.968 9.753 12.18 14.91 21 29 41.79 65.19 106 106 0
4 6.779 8.297 10.57 13.21 16.49 23.26 32.79 51.15 79.79 130 130 0
3 6.51 7.968 9.753 12.18 14.91 21 29 41.79 65.19 106 106 0
4 6.779 8.297 10.57 13.21 16.49 23.26 32.79 51.15 79.79 130 130 0
4 6.779 8.297 10.57 13.21 16.49 23.26 32.79 51.15 79.79 130 130 0
5 7.058 8.57 10.53 14 17.74 25 35.55 55.46 88.27 152 152 0
5 7.058 8.57 10.53 14 17.74 25 35.55 55.46 88.27 152 152 1
6 7.204 8.801 11 14.47 18.56 26.45 37.84 61.67 99.26 175 175 1
7 7.349 9.032 11.46 14.91 19.39 27.9 40.14 67.88 110 198 198 1
8 7.461 9.207 11.62 15.22 20 28.68 42.11 71 118 215 215 1
8 7.461 9.207 11.62 15.22 20 28.68 42.11 71 118 215 215 1
9 7.572 9.383 11.78 15.53 20.59 29.46 44.08 74.13 127 231 231 1
10 7.684 9.558 11.94 15.84 21.19 30.24 46 77.25 135 247 247 1
11 7.709 9.629 12 16 21.44 30.75 47.07 79.45 141 262 262 1
12 7.734 9.699 12.13 16.1 21.69 31.26 48.09 81.66 147 276 276 1
13 7.759 9.77 12.23 16.23 21.93 31.77 49.11 83.86 153 290 290 1
14 7.784 9.841 12.33 16.36 22.18 32.28 50.13 86.07 159 304 304 1
15 7.809 9.912 12.43 16.49 22.43 32.79 51.15 88.27 165 318 318 1
16 7.841 9.961 12.48 16.49 22.5 33.06 51.15 89.38 168 328 328 1
17 7.873 10 12.53 16.49 22.57 33.33 51.15 90.48 171 339 339 1
17 7.873 10 12.53 16.49 22.57 33.33 51.15 90.48 171 339 339 1
18 7.904 10.06 12.58 16.49 22.65 33.6 51.15 91.58 174 350 350 1
19 7.936 10.11 12.63 16.49 22.72 33.87 51.15 92.69 176 360 360 1
20 7.968 10.16 12.68 16.49 22.79 34.14 51.15 93.79 179 371 371 1
20 7.968 10.16 12.68 16.49 22.79 34.14 51.15 93.79 179 371 371 1
50 8.14 10.2 13.2 17.6 24.5 35.8 61.4 118 272 759 759 1
 Range Range Kc

0 5 1 1 1 1.699
0 5 4.259 5.319 4.259
0 5 1 1 1 3.161
0 5 4.259 5.319 4.259
0 5 4.259 5.319 4.259 4.426
0 5 5.767 7.058 5.767
0 5 4.259 5.319 4.259 5.097
0 5 5.767 7.058 5.767
0 5 5.767 7.058 5.767 5.767
0 5 6.51 7.968 6.51
0 5 5.767 7.058 5.767 6.097
0 5 6.51 7.968 6.51
0 5 5.767 7.058 5.767 6.428
0 5 6.51 7.968 6.51
0 5 6.51 7.968 6.51 6.6
0 5 6.779 8.297 6.779
0 5 6.51 7.968 6.51 6.719
0 5 6.779 8.297 6.779
0 5 6.779 8.297 6.779 6.841
0 5 7.058 8.57 7.058
0 5 7.058 8.57 7.361 7.415
0 5 7.204 8.801 7.523
0 5 7.349 9.032 7.686 7.7
0 5 7.461 9.207 7.81
0 5 7.461 9.207 7.81 7.92
0 5 7.572 9.383 7.934
0 5 7.684 9.558 8.058 8.081
0 5 7.709 9.629 8.093
0 5 7.734 9.699 8.127 8.142
0 5 7.759 9.77 8.161
0 5 7.784 9.841 8.195 8.203
0 5 7.809 9.912 8.229
0 5 7.841 9.961 8.265 8.265
0 5 7.873 10 8.3
0 5 7.873 10 8.3 8.327
0 5 7.904 10.06 8.335
0 5 7.936 10.11 8.37 8.39
0 5 7.968 10.16 8.406
0 5 7.968 10.16 8.406 8.412
0 5 8.14 10.2 8.552
 1000.00
Brinch Hanson data for Kq

Phi
Z/B 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
0.01 0.00 0.15 1.00 1.70 2.60 3.90 4.90 7.50 12.00 18.00
1 0.00 0.23 1.15 1.90 3.10 4.40 6.10 9.00 14.20 22.00
2 0.00 0.29 1.26 2.10 3.50 4.90 7.00 10.60 16.50 26.00
3 0.00 0.34 1.34 2.30 3.80 5.40 8.00 12.50 18.50 29.90 100.00
4 0.00 0.40 1.42 2.50 4.05 5.80 8.80 14.00 20.10 33.90
5 0.00 0.43 1.50 2.66 4.25 6.25 9.40 15.00 22.00 36.80
6 0.00 0.45 1.53 2.75 4.38 6.70 10.00 16.10 24.00 39.60
7 0.00 0.48 1.57 2.85 4.50 7.00 10.30 17.00 25.00 41.50
8 0.00 0.50 1.60 2.90 4.62 7.25 10.70 17.60 27.00 45.00
9 0.00 0.53 1.63 2.97 4.66 7.45 11.00 18.20 28.00 48.00
10 0.00 0.55 1.67 3.00 4.73 7.62 11.48 18.80 28.65 51.00
11 0.00 0.56 1.69 3.03 4.80 7.72 11.85 19.40 30.00 53.50
12 0.00 0.57 1.70 3.06 4.85 7.79 12.20 19.90 31.00 56.00
10.00
13 0.00 0.58 1.71 3.07 4.90 7.95 12.55 20.60 32.50 59.00
14 0.00 0.59 1.73 3.08 4.95 8.05 12.80 21.40 33.50 61.00
15 0.00 0.59 1.75 3.10 5.00 8.20 13.00 22.00 35.00 64.00
16 0.00 0.60 1.77 3.13 5.05 8.25 13.10 22.30 36.00 66.50
17 0.00 0.60 1.79 3.16 5.10 8.30 13.20 22.70 37.00 70.00
18 0.00 0.61 1.81 3.18 5.14 8.35 13.40 23.10 38.00 73.50
19 0.00 0.61 1.82 3.21 5.19 8.40 13.54 23.40 39.00 77.00
20 0.00 0.62 1.83 3.23 5.22 8.44 13.67 23.80 40.00 81.00
50 0.00 0.62 1.93 3.50 5.88 9.91 17.70 35.30 81.40 222.00
### 0.00 0.62 1.93 3.50 5.88 9.91 17.70 35.30 81.40 222.00 1.00
0 2

0.10
1000.00

100.00

10.00

1.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

0.10
 1000
Brinch Hanson data for Kc

Phi
Z/B 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
0.01 1 1 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 8
1 4.2587 5.3189 6.2523 7.9683 9.7529 11.464 15.841 22.791 31.492 45.309
2 5.7668 7.0583 8.4663 11.01 13.476 17.883 24.71 34.144 49.124 73.593
3 6.5102 7.9683 9.7529 12.181 14.909 21.021 29.046 41.791 65.189 105.88
4 6.7787 8.2969 10.574 13.207 16.494 23.257 32.791 51.15 79.789 129.6
5 7.0583 8.5696 10.531 14.032 17.739 25.012 35.552 55.457 88.273 152.34
6 7.2039 8.8008 11 14.471 18.564 26.454 37.844 61.667 99.261 175.22 100
7 7.3495 9.0319 11.464 14.909 19.389 27.896 40.135 67.878 110.25 198.11
8 7.4608 9.2072 11.622 15.22 19.99 28.679 42.106 71 118.48 214.55
9 7.5722 9.3825 11.78 15.53 20.591 29.462 44.077 74.126 126.71 231
10 7.6836 9.5578 11.937 15.841 21.192 30.245 46.048 77.25 134.94 247.43
11 7.7087 9.6286 12.036 15.972 21.439 30.754 47.068 79.455 141 261.53
12 7.7337 9.6994 12.134 16.102 21.685 31.263 48.089 81.659 147 275.62
13 7.7588 9.7702 12.233 16.233 21.932 31.772 49.109 83.864 153.08 289.71
14 7.7838 9.8411 12.331 16.364 22.179 32.282 50.13 86.069 159.12 303.81
15 7.8088 9.9119 12.43 16.494 22.426 32.791 51.15 88.273 165.16 317.9
16 7.8407 9.9605 12.48 16.494 22.499 33.062 51.15 89.377 167.95 328.46
17 7.8726 10.009 12.531 16.494 22.572 33.332 51.15 90.48 170.73 339
18 7.9045 10.058 12.582 16.494 22.645 33.603 51.15 91.584 173.51 349.57
19 7.9364 10.107 12.633 16.494 22.718 33.873 51.15 92.687 176.29 360.12 10
20 7.9683 10.155 12.683 16.494 22.791 34.144 51.15 93.791 179.07 370.68
50 8.14 10.20 13.20 17.60 24.50 35.80 61.40 118.00 272.00 759.00
### 8.14 10.20 13.20 17.60 24.50 35.80 61.40 118.00 272.00 759.00

1
0 2 4
1000

100

10

1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20