Safeguard In this context, equipment in place to decrease the probability

(preventive safeguard) or mitigate the severity (mitigative safeguard) of a

cause-consequence scenario. These safeguards might be identified in risk
analyses or Layer of Protection Analyses as part of independent protection
layers protecting against major-incident consequences.
Alarm This would typically include safety alarms but not process-aid
alarms. It would include alarms credited as safeguards against major
incidents.
Mitigation system System in place to reduce loss event impacts. Typical
mitigation systems include excess-flow valves, secondary containment
systems, fire protection systems, emergency ventilation, vent scrubbers,
flares and blast protection.
Potentially cause a major upstream or downstream release The terms
upstream and downstream refer to connected processes. An example of
this might be an equipment failure in a utility system providing cooling to
an exothermic reactor with runaway reaction potential.
Adequately protected Having adequate safeguards to reduce risks
associated with equipment failure to a tolerable risk level for the facility,
taking into account the redundancy built into layers of protection. For
example, if failure of equipment XYZ could cause overpressure of
upstream and/or downstream equipment, is the upstream and/or
downstream equipment safeguarded by a properly designed and
maintained safety shutdown system and/or emergency overpressure
protection? If YES, then the safety shutdown system and/or emergency
relief system is safety critical but equipment XYZ is not.