Tr t ting Nht, c g kh u??

Phn 4: HE (),
KARA, WO (), TO
bi vit ny ti s gii thiu vi cc bn cch s dng cc tr t (hay gii t)
ting Nht: HE (), KARA, WO (), TO.

****************************
HE():(1)[hng]ti,vpha;(2)[a]cho;(3)[hnh
ng/suyngh/tnhyu...]vi
Vitl"he"nhngcl"".
HEchmthnhnghngvphano,hayachoai,haylhnhng,suyngh
hngvmtai.
Vd:
HE(1):Phnghng:
Ch:NIcngdngchphnghng,nhngNIl"nvangni";cnHEl"ang
ivphanino".

TiangivphahConRa.

Chngtahyilnphathngngunconsui.

quy tr tuyn thnglu

phng

HE(2):achoai:(=NI)

Luritimiligithchobnthn.

thnhu

HE(3):Hnhng,suynghhngtiitngno:
(Ch:Khngthdng"ni"trongtrnghpnymphidng"he"dinttrutng.)

Tnhyuviemyuduclslmimi.

TnhyucachngtaviSiGnlthbtdit.

Emkhngthnoxainhngnghvanh.

Anhylunluncsyuthchlisngcadndumc.

qun luyn vnhvin

 itnh btdit
dumcdn

HEvNIkhcgnhaukhichphnghng?Chngckhcnhau,bnhyxemsosnh
cuibiny.

****************************
KARA:(1)T[un];(2)nhngtai(cth
lntrutng)
KARA(1)="T..."

Tivahihoaqutrngv.

Cucthnngni!

Cahnglmvict10gisngti9giti.

Xincho!Hngkhuynmihmnaycgit190yn.

NhitSiGnlt25ti35.

sm ng h
triu d thi
doanhnghip vin
n

KARA(2)=Tai(CthhocTrutng)

Tinhnquynschgil"Conngbo"tanhy.


Thihccp3,tinhncrtnhiusngvintrthnhhascathygioc.

Emttnghipchmnaychnhlnhshngdntntnhcac.

bo o bn caohiu
thii ns hagia
ttnghip tinsinh thnthit
cho

KARAvNI:NIcththaythKARAkhidngtheonghanhngtai(trutng);hnh
ngsl:morau(nhn),itadaku(nhn,dnglchs),ukeru(nhn).Cccutrutngtrn
ucththayKARAbngNImnghakhnghthayi.Ldo:NIcthdngtheongha
trutngchhnhnghngtiai.Tuynhin,vicachoaicigthchcthdng
NIchkhngthdngKARA.
Vdcthni:

Tiaquynschchoanhy.
Chkhngthni:"Karekara...."vylvicaquynschichkhngphinhnv.

****************************
WO():(1)itngcch;(2)[i]ngangqua...,[bay]
ngangqua...
cl"",cchvitlatinh(roomaji):wo.
WO(1):itngcch
DngWOdinthnhnglnmtitngthchclaihctingNhtcngbit.
Vd:


Thngngymsaymchitrchiqunint"Chilkhngdng"khngticthi
gian.
thigian nhtd
Tuynhin,tisgiithiuviccbncchdngWOmccbncthchabit,vcchny
khhay:

WO(2):[i,bay,...]ngangqua...

Chngtiiquacukhngkhkhng.

Mnhchyquarngi!

Chuchuangbayquarungla.
Cu(3)nghalchuchubayquarungla,bayvtquahnchkhngphil"baytrn
rungla"hayl"baytrungla"hay"baynrungla"hay"bayvpharungla".y
chuchubayrakhirungla.

khlao kiu

****************************
TO:(1)"rng...";(2)[ln,trnn,...]n;(3)[nu...]
th...
 TO(1):"rng..."

Anhtasaukhithcthumchimttrcxongsngnaynirng"Mttrckhngcg
hay".

Trntngcvitch(rng)"Emyuanh!".

tritd

TO(3):[nu...]th...

Rsangphiscbuin.

Theobochthmyphngxanglanrng.

Nhittngcaothlngsdnginstngtbin.

tnvn
phngx vn
inkh sdnglng

TO(2):[ln,trnn,...]n

TOvNIuchstng,strnnmtmcno,vd:

Nhittngln40.

Nhittngti40.
Karewarippanajinbutsuninatta.

Anhytrthnhmtnhnvtlnlao.

Anhytrnnmtnhnvtlnlao.
Nhngiukhcbitcbnl"NI"chviclnnmcnovdng,cnTOthch
qutrnhcntipdinna.Vd:

Nhit tng ln 40 .
(Nhittngti40vangdngchkhngtngthm.)

Nhittngti40.
(Nghalnhittngti40vscntngtip.)

nhnvt

CHPHNGHNGAIM:DE,NI,HE,WO
KHCNHAUTHNO?

Tiidocngvintrungtm.
(Nghalhnhngidodinrabntrongcngvin.)

Tiidovocngvintrungtm.
(Tiido,vchnlcngvintrungtm.)

Tiidovphacngvintrungtm.
(ivphacngvin,khngnhtthitlphiti,mcngcthvotronghayivt
qua)

Tiidoquacngvintrungtm.
(ixuynquarangoicngvin.)

Ccbncthxemhnhminhhasaudhnhdung:

ChltrnghpHE("vpha")chncthl(1)Cahngko(kashiya)chancng
vin,(2)Phunnc(funsui)trongcngvin,hay(3)Trchiquabnkiacngvin.