IAETSD Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences, Volume 4, Issue 1, Jan-June /2017

ISSN (Online): 2394-8442

STUDY OF TENSILE AND FLEXURAL PROPERTIES IN JUTE AND

GLASS FIBER COMPOSITE WITH THE POLYESTER RESIN
Kolli Balasivarama Reddy [1] Mahesh kyasa[2], G.N.V. Teja[3], A. Sai krishna[4]
[1]
Assistant professor, [2, 3, 4] Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur-603203
balasivaramareddy@gmail.com,maheshkyasa1995@gmail.com,gnv.teja@gmail.com

ABSTRACT.
The composite materials are taking the place of traditional materials, because of its
major properties such as high tensile strength, low thermal expansion, high strength to weight ratio.
The developments of new materials are on high rate and are growing day by day. Natural fibber
composites such as Glass and jute with polyester composites became more advantageous due to their
high specific strength, lightweight and biodegradability. Mixing of natural fibber with Polyester are
finding increased applications. In this study, Glass-Jute-glass, Jute-glass-jute, Jute-Glass-Jute-Glass
combinations reinforced with polyester is developed and their mechanical properties such as tensile
strength, flexural strength and impact strength are evaluated and the Water Absorption and firing
properties also evaluated. Here we can observe the different combination arrangements and their results
for different tests, which can give the best composite that can be used in the industries for the better
output.

KEYWORDS: Composite materials, Tensile strength, Anvil, Natural fibre composite, Biodegradability, Reinforced, Flexural strength.

1. INTRODUCTION
Natural fibers materials are majorly growing both in terms of their industrial applications and basic research. They are renewable, cheap,
completely recyclable [1], and biodegradable. Plants, such as flax, cotton, hemp, jute, kenaf, pineapple, bamboo, banana, etc., as well as wood,
used from prolonged time as a source of lingo-cellulosic fibbers, are often applied as the reinforcement of different composites. The availability,
low density, cost and effective of mechanical properties make them an ecological transition to glass, carbon and non natural-made fibbers which
are used for the manufacturing of composites. The natural fiber containing composites are more nature friendly, and are used in transportation of
(automobiles, railway coaches, aerospace), military applications [2], building and construction industries (ceiling paneling, partition boards),
packaging, consumer products, etc biodegradability and has acoustic insulation (Mohanty, 2004) and (Thakur, 2013). Composites have got the
excellent strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, impact strength, stiffness, low tooling cost, conductivity.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

The process for natural Fiber Reinforced Composites fabrication was studied first and evaluated to eliminate batch-to-batch variations in the
final test specimens. The matrix arrangement for three set of objectives is glass fiber, jute, glass fiber and jute, glass fibre, jute and jute, glass
fibber, jute, glass fibber [3], polyester are then used as reinforced to reach the objective of experiment analysis. The mould is kept under 1 ton of
load of 24 hours at ambient temperature. Laminates of the epoxy and the natural fibers are molded at room temperature. There are different
arrangement of layers of composite and fibre.

The laminates were prepared by hand moulding process with chemical and the filler materials were measured by using a highly calibrated
weighing scale. The epoxy was constantly stirred for long time to prevent solidification factor. A transparent polythene sheet was placed on flat -
Surface [4]. The sheet was coated with wax to prevent the sticky nature of mould to the sheet. The chemicals were measured using a high-
precision weighing machine. The total catalyst quantity was calculated to be 10% of the epoxy weight. The epoxy was applied between all layers
using a paint brush. A hand roller was used to flatten the layers to prevent air gaps between them. After layering was completed glass plate
polythene sheet with wax was placed. Weight of 1 ton was placed on the very top finally to ensure flatness. The mould was allowed to rest for 24
hours at room temperature. After the resting period, the weights and moulds are removed [5], the test specimens from each of the laminates are
prepared for various testing. Using a rotating saw the laminate is cut to the required dimension.

To Cite This Article: Kolli Balasivarama Reddy, Mahesh kyasa, G.N.V. Teja and A. Sai krishna,. STUDY OF
TENSILE AND FLEXURAL PROPERTIES IN JUTE AND GLASS FIBER COMPOSITE WITH THE
POLYESTER RESIN. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences ; Pages: 112-118
113. Kolli Balasivarama Reddy, Mahesh kyasa, G.N.V. Teja and A. Sai krishna,. STUDY OF TENSILE AND
FLEXURAL PROPERTIES IN JUTE AND GLASS FIBER COMPOSITE WITH THE POLYESTER RESIN. Journal
for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 112-118

Table.1.Laminate content

Mould No Combination Fibre & Polyester

Ratio
1. Glass+Jute+Glass+Polyester 15:85
2. Jute+Glass+Jute + Polyester 22:78
3. Jute+Glass+Jute+Glass+ Polyester 30:70

The diagrammatic view of the process is as shown and it gives the lucid vision of the process.

Figure.1. Process diagram for making laminate.

The shown figure has the different process to be followed. The tools and materials are arranged as per requirement in fig. (a). Then the required
amount of polyester with 2% addition of catalyst and hardener by using weighing scale is prepared shown in fig.(b). Place the cleaned MS plate
and put the polythene cover on the MS plate in fig(c). Then neatly apply the prepared polyester on the polythene cover by using of brush. After
then put the brush [6,7] in thinner as shown in fig.(d).then place the jute fiber on the MS plate ,neatly match the jute by using the roller is as
fig.(e).Apply the polyester above the jute neatly throughout complete portion of jute as fig.(f). Then place the prepared glass fiber above the jute
,then by using the roller match it with below layer arrangement as in fig.(g).Then apply the polyester above the glass fiber throughout the
portion as in fig.( h). Then as the repetition, place one more prepared jute above the glass fiber and then apply the polyester above jute to be
uniformly distributed as in fig.(i) and fig .(j). Apply the polyester above the glass fiber in all portions and place the MS plate above the mould
and move the mould to compression process and then repeat it for the arrangements required for us. The tensile test for the materials arranged is
conducted on the Universal Testing Machine (UTM) as shown in the figure .2. Made by the FSA Pvt.Ltd. with the range of (0-200KN). The
testing specimen before and after the tensile test is as shown in figure.3.
114. Kolli Balasivarama Reddy, Mahesh kyasa, G.N.V. Teja and A. Sai krishna,. STUDY OF TENSILE AND
FLEXURAL PROPERTIES IN JUTE AND GLASS FIBER COMPOSITE WITH THE POLYESTER RESIN. Journal
for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 112-118

The tensile strength of a specimen can be taken as maximum amount of tensile stress that it can take before failure. During the test a uni-axial
load is applied through both the ends of the specimen. The dimension of specimen is (250x25x3)mm. Various points that accounts when testing
a material include: ultimate tensile strength (UTS) or peak stress; offset yield strength (OYS) which represents a point or mark just beyond the
onset of permanent deformation [8]; and the rupture (R) or fracture point where the specimen separates into pieces. The tensile test is performed
in the universal testing machine (UTM) and results are interpolated to calculate the tensile strength of composite samples.

The set-up and usage are detailed in a test method, often published by a standards organization. This specifies the sample preparation, featuring,
gauge length (the length which is under study or observation), analysis, etc [9]. The specimen is placed in the machine between the grips and an
extensometer if required can automatically record the change in gauge length during the test. If an extensometer is not fitted, the machine itself
can record the displacement between its cross heads on which the specimen is held. However, this method not only notes the change in length of
the specimen but also all other extending / elastic components of the testing machine and its drive systems including any slipping of the
specimen in the grips. Once the machine beginner it begins to apply an increasing load on specimen. Throughout the tests the control system and
its associated software record the load and extension or compression of the specimen. The specimen which has undergone the tensile test has got
the different aspects to check, the different graphs has been plotted are Stress VS Strain and the Load VS Length. This will be discussed on the
results and discussion.

The impact test is to know the materials ability to resist the impact load and the service life of the specimen. The impact test designed to give
information on how a specimen of a known material will respond to a suddenly applied stress, e.g. shock. A method for determining behaviour
of material subjected to shock loading in bending, tension, or torsion. The quantity measured is about the energy absorbed in breaking the
specimen in a single blow, as in the Chirpy Impact Test [10], IPod Impact Test, and Tension Impact Test. Impact resistance is one of the
important properties for a part designer to consider, and without question, the most difficult is to quantify. The impact resistance of a part has
many applications, such as life span, critical measure of service life. More importantly these days, it involves the baffle problem of product
safety and liability. The impact testing machine is shown in Figure.4.

The chirpy impact testing machine is made by FASNE Pvt.Ltd. The maximum impact energy of pendulum as 300joules and the angle of the
striking edge are 30(degrees). The apparatus consists of a pendulum of known mass and length that is dropped from a known height to impact a
notched specimen of material. The energy transferred to the material can be inferred by comparing the difference in the height of the hammer
before and after the fracture (energy absorbed by the fracture event). The notch in the sample affects the results of the impact test, thus it is
necessary for the notch to be of regular dimensions and geometry. The further test that has been processed is flexural test and we used the
flexural testing machine which will have bent the specimen that has been taken and the results are obtained in graph for Load VS Length for
transverse strength.
115. Kolli Balasivarama Reddy, Mahesh kyasa, G.N.V. Teja and A. Sai krishna,. STUDY OF TENSILE AND
FLEXURAL PROPERTIES IN JUTE AND GLASS FIBER COMPOSITE WITH THE POLYESTER RESIN. Journal
for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 112-118

The below given figure.7. Gives us the idea of the specimen strength for the given load and the length for the transverse strength for the different
combinations of the laminates.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table.2. Tensile Test Parameters

Table.3. Impact Test Parameter.

Impact strength(J/mm)
S.NO Combinations Specimen-1 Specimen-2 Average
1. Glass+jute+glass+polyester 0.5 2.0 1.75
2. Jute+glass+jute+polyester 2.0 2.2 2.10
3. Jute+glass+jute+glass+polyester 4.0 4.0 4.00
116. Kolli Balasivarama Reddy, Mahesh kyasa, G.N.V. Teja and A. Sai krishna,. STUDY OF TENSILE AND
FLEXURAL PROPERTIES IN JUTE AND GLASS FIBER COMPOSITE WITH THE POLYESTER RESIN. Journal
for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 112-118

The tensile test parameters for the given mould are shown in fig 8,9,10. The results indicated that Glass-Jute-Glass specimen gives better tensile
strength than the other two types of composites considered. Based on the above table the glass fibre addition is giving more elongation than jute
fibre. The tensile and yield stress also is high in glass-jute-glass combination.

For analyzing the impact capability of the different specimens, impact test is carried out. The impact test carried out for the present investigation
is Charpy impact test. The energy loss is found out on the extracted valve obtained from the Charpy impact machine. The impact response in the
composites reflect a failure process involving crack initiation and growth in the resin matrix, fiber breakage and pull out, delaminating and
disbanding. The results of Charpy impact test is presented in Table. The results indicated that the maximum impact strength is obtained for Jute-
glass-jute-glass Combination due to more fiber addition compared to other two combinations.

Table.4.Flexural Test Results for specimen.

Load(KN) Displacement(mm)
S. No. Combinations
Specimen- Specimen-2 Avg. Specimen-1 Specimen-2 Avg.
1

1. Glass+jute+glass+polyester 0.09 0.11 0.10 7.47 7.32 7.39

2. Jute+glass+jute+polyester 0.14 0.17 0.15 14.37 14.06 14.21
3. Jute+glass+jute+glass
+polyester 0.61 0.58 0.59 8.76 8.97 8.86
117. Kolli Balasivarama Reddy, Mahesh kyasa, G.N.V. Teja and A. Sai krishna,. STUDY OF TENSILE AND
FLEXURAL PROPERTIES IN JUTE AND GLASS FIBER COMPOSITE WITH THE POLYESTER RESIN. Journal
for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 112-118

As per the test result summery the Jute-Glass-Jute combination given more displacement, average of 14.215mm at average of 1550 N after that
the Test piece got break. The Jute-glass-jute-glass laminate got more load for breakage due to 30:70 ratio, but displacement is low compared to
others. Based on the above result jute fiber combination giving more transverse strength.

4. CONCLUSION
Based on the below graphical results we can extract conclusion on the different laminate arrangements.
118. Kolli Balasivarama Reddy, Mahesh kyasa, G.N.V. Teja and A. Sai krishna,. STUDY OF TENSILE AND
FLEXURAL PROPERTIES IN JUTE AND GLASS FIBER COMPOSITE WITH THE POLYESTER RESIN. Journal
for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 112-118

As per the Above Graphical Result, the Glass- Jute-Glass Combination with 15:85 Polyester ratio found good mechanical properties (tensile
stress, yield stress, transverse strength) compared to other combinations. Addition of More natural fiber tends to improve the Flexural property.
For the fire test the polyester fiber ratio is important factor.

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