Mat

Yaynlar - nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal
-nfformal Yaynlar
Yaynlar -nfor
-nfor
aynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar
ynlar -nformal
-nformaal Yaynlar
Yaynlaar -nforma
-nforma
nlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar
lar -nformal
-nformaal Yaynlar
Yaynlaar -nformal
-nformal Y
-nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar
Yaynlarr -nformal
-nfformal Yayn
Yayn
-nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal
-nform mal Yaynlar
Yaynlar -nformal
-nnformall Yayn
Yayn
- nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal
-nfformal Yaynlar
Yaynlar -nformal
-nformal Yayn
Yayn
-nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar - nformal Yaynlar - nformal Yaynlar - nformal
nformal Yaynlar - nformal
nformal Yay
Yay
- 6HYJOgUHWPHQOHU'HHUOgUHQFOHU
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Yaynlar - nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nfor
aynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nforma
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nlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Y
-nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yayn
-nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yayn
- nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yayn
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TEST - 2
5.
1.
6. BLM
6.
2.
%g/h0

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
7.
3.
8.
4.
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868 >@

9. 6 13.
6. BLM
10. 14.
%g/h0

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
11. 15.
16.
12.
1)B 2)D 3)A 4)B 5)D 6)A 7)A 8)E 9)D 10)C 11)A 12)E 13)E 14)A 15)B 16)A
>@
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868

%g/h0

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TEST - 4
1. 5.
6. BLM
2. 6.
1 3 5
%g/h0
2 2 2

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
3. 7.
4. 8.
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868 >@

9. 13.
6. BLM
10. 14.
%g/h0

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
11. 15.
12. 16.
1)A 2)B 3)A 4)A 5)A 6)A 7)C 8)E 9)C 10)B 11)D 12)B 13)R 14)A 15)C 16)A
>@
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868

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0$7(0$71.$5$.87868 >@

10. 13.
6. BLM
14.
11.
%g/h0

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
15.
16.
12.
1)A 2)E 3)C 4)E 5)C 6)D 7)B 8)A 9)A 10)E 11)A 12)D 13)A 14)C 15)C 16)D
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9. 1 2 3 9 10
13. 2 3 4 10 11
3 5 7 19 21
2 3 4 10 11
6. BLM
10.
14.
1 1
16 64
%g/h0

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
11. 15.
16.
12.
1)E 2)E 3)E 4)A 5)B 6)D 7)C 8)A 9)E 10)C 11)B 12)B 13)A 14)E 15)A 16)B
>@
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868

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9.
13.
6. BLM
10.
14.
%g/h0

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
15.
11.
16.
12.
1
1)D 2)E 3)E 4)B 5)C 6)A 7)B 8)D 9)D 10)D 11)B 12)C 13)E 14)A 15)A 16)B
>@
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868
TEST - 8
1. 5.
6. BLM
2. 6.
%g/h0

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
7.
3.
4. 8.
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868 >@

9. A, B birer rakam ve 13. 2 1

1 3 2 2
+ 4 1
=
B 5
A+ LOHPLQLQVRQXFXNDoWU"
12
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A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
6. BLM
A) 7 B) 9 C) 10 D) 12 E) 15
(2010 - ALES)
(2005 - LES)
10. 1 14. 4
1 1 1
1 1
1 2
1 a
5
LOHPLQLQVRQXFXNDoWU" LOHPLQLQVRQXFXNDoWU"
A) a + 1 B) 1 a C) a D) a E) a 1 A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6
(1990 - YS)
(2009 - ALES)
%g/h0

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
11. 1 2
2
8 15.
3
2
1+
9 3
LOHPLQLQVRQXFXNDoWU" LOHPLQLQVRQXFXNDoWU"
9 3 8
A) B) C) 13 15 5 15
2 2 3 A) B) C) D) 13
E)
4 4 8 8 9
2 3
D) E)
3 4 (2011 - DGS)
(2010 - JANA)
12. 2 4 1
16.
2 1
1 1
4 21 1 . 1
2 3
LOHPLQLQVRQXFXNDoWU"
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7 1
B) 7 D) 2
A) C) E) 4 1 3 3
4 2 2 A) B) C) D) 2 E) 3
8 8 2
(2002 - KPSS)
(2008 - ALS)
1)A 2)A 3)E 4)A 5)E 6)B 7)D 8)C 9)B 10)D 11)A 12)B 13)A 14)B 15)A 16)B
>@
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868
TEST - 9
1.
5.
6. BLM
2.
6.
%g/h0

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
3. 7.
4. 8.
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868 >@

9. 3
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12. NHVULQLQGHHULSD\QDHNOHQGLLQGH \HSD\GD
7 \
1 1
NDUOUVDGHHULROX\RU
VQGDQoNDUOGQGDLVHHGHQNROX\RU
3 5
% XNHVULQSD\GDVYHSD\DUDVQGDNLIDUNNDoWU" % XQDJ|UH[\WRSODPNDoWU"
6. BLM
$ B) 4 C) 8 ' ( A) 15 % C) 17 D) 18 (
g<6 /(6
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13. 3D\GDODUVUDV\ODYHRODQLNLNHVLUGHQLNLQFLVLQLQSD\
3
3
HNOHQLUVHNHVULQGHHULROX\RU
ELULQFLVLQLQSD\QGDQID]ODGU%XLNLNHVULQWRSODPGLU

11
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%g/h0

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1
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5 15
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A) 10 B) 9 C) 7 ' ( A) 1 % C) 3 D) 4 (
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1)C 2)C 3)D 4)D 5)B 6)D 7)E 8)B 9)C 10)B 11)B 12)E 13)A 14)D
>@
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868
TEST - 10
1. 5.
6. BLM
2. 6.
%g/h0

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
3. 7.
4. 8.
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868 >@

9.
12.
6. BLM
10.
13.
%g/h0

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
11.
1)E 2)C 3)A 4)E 5)B 6)A 7)E 8)A 9)D 10)D 11)C 12)D 13)D
>@
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& HYDSCNNGU

zmler
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TEST - 1 3 ( 6) + ( 7) 3 + 6 7
= =
4 1
= 'tr. TEST - 2
3( 4) 12 12 3
& HYDSCNNGU
& HYDSBNNGU

6 3 8 3 2 5
+
NHVULQLQHQVDGHKDOL WU 11 11 7 7
8 4
SD\GDVD\QRODQNHVLUOHULQSD\ODUWRS
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11 7
= = 1 1 = 0 GU

& HYDSANNGU 11 7

2 + ( 3 + 4) 10 2 + 1 10
WHoWDUDORODQE|OJHGLU =
7 3 7 5
:
10 5 10 3
7
=
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6
6
= ( 7 ) = 6 GU
7
& HYDSBNNGU

& HYDSDNNGU
17 77 77 22
+
HATIRLATMA: 3 16 8 33
SD\YHSD\GDVVDGHOHHELOLULIDGHOHUVDGHOHLULVH
%g/h0
# a = + a
QQoDUSPDOHPQHJ|UH

17 2 77 77
QIRUPDO<D\QODU
& HYDSANNGU

QIRUPDO<D\QODU = +
3 3 16 8
WHUV
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a 15 77 77 77 154
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = + =5+
1 + = + 3 16 8 16 16
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GU 2 4 8 1 2 4 8 (1) (2)
(8) ( 4) ( 2) (1)
8 4 2 1 77 154
= + =5+
2KDOGH 8 8 8 8 16
77 80 77
VD\VQQoDUSPDLOHPLQHJ|UHWHU 8 4 + 2 1 5 =5 =
= = 'dir. 16 16
8 8
VL = GLU 3
= GU
16
VD\VQQWRSODPDLOHPLQHJ|UHWHU
VL GLU
& HYDSDNNGU & HYDSBNNGU & HYDSANNGU

13 1 2
4 ( 3) + ( 2) 4 + 3 2 3 1 1 3 + 6 + 9 12 6 3 + 15
= = = 'tr. 4 8 12 16 14 2 7
4 ( 3) 12 12 4 13 1 2
NHVLUOHUGHVDGHOHWLUPHOHU\DSOULVH 6+ 3 + 15 +
14 2 7
3 3 3 3
= 1 + + 13 1 2
4 4 4 4 = 6 3 + 15 + +
= 1 + 0 = 1 'dir. 14 2 7
(1) (7) ( 2)
13 7 4 13 7 + 4
= 18 + + = 18 +
14 14 14 14
10
= 18 +
14
& HYDSENNGU & HYDSBNNGU
5 5

= 18 + = 18 GLU
4 ( 6) 24 24 2 22 222 7 7
= = = 4 'tr. + +
5 ( 6) + ( 7) 5 + 6 7 6 3 33 333
WHULPOHUGHVDGHOHWLUPH\DSOULVH
2 2 2 2+2+2 6
+ + = = = 2 'dir.
3 3 3 3 3

0$7(0$71.$5$.87868 >@

& HYDSBNNGU & HYDSDNNGU

& HYDSANNGU
2 2 1 4 5 1
2 1 1 6+2 2 1
9 = 21 + : 2 + 3 : 2 4 = 3 : 4 4
2 3 6 2 ( 2 ) (1)
7 x
2 1 2 5 2 2 5 7 8 1 8 4 32
3 + 6 1 = 3 + 3 = 3 'tr. = : = = 'tr.
3 4 3 1 3
2 2 2 1
=
9 7 21 x
4 2
= HLWOLLQKHULNLWDUDIQGDVDGH
63 21 x

OHWLUPHOHU\DSOULVH
2 1
= & HYDSCNNGU & HYDSBNNGU
3 x
2x = 3 1 3 1 3 1
+ :
3 2 : 2 + 1 4 2 4 2
x= 'dir. 1 2 1 2
2 2 1 16
2 3 2 3 2 5 1 5 4
1 1 2 1 4 + 4 : 4 4 = 4 : 4 = 1 = 'tir.
= : 2 + 4
2 2 1 16
& HYDSDNNGU 1 4 1 1 1 1
= : + = +
4 1 16 4 4 16
1 5 1 1 2 1 GU
= + = =
2 = 2 16 16 16 8
3 x
5 2
1 5 5 2
=
2 3 2 x
5 5 1 1
= =
%g/h0
6 x 6 x

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
x = 6 GU QIRUPDO<D\QODU
& HYDSANNGU
& HYDSANNGU

8 3 2 8 9 14 5 1 1
: + = : + 2 + 3 : 2 + 6
3 7 3 3 21 21 ( 3 ) (1)
(3) (7)
& HYDSANNGU 8 23 8 21 56
= : = = 6 + 5 3 1 11 4
3 21 3 23 23 3 :6 + 6 = 3 : 6
1 1
3 : 56 46 + 10 46 10
3 6 = = = + 11 6 11 2 11
23 23 23 23 = = = 'dir.
1 6 10 10 3 4 1 4 2
=3 =2+ =2
3 1 23 23
=32
= 1 'dir.
zmler
TEST - 3
& HYDSANNGU & HYDSENNGU

& HYDSBNNGU
1 1 6 + 1 1 7 1 1 1 12 1 12 + 1
3 5 11
3 + + 3 + 2 : 4 = 2 : 4 = 2 : 4 3 4 : 3 + 4 = 4 : 4
4 6 12
( 3 ) ( 2 ) (1) 7 4 11 13 11 4 11
= = 14 'tr. = : = = 'tr.
9 10 11 9 + 10 + 11 2 1 4 4 4 13 13
3 + + = 3
12 12 12 12
30
=3
12
5 65 1
=3 = = 'dir.
2 2 2

& HYDSENNGU & HYDSDNNGU

5 3 : 4 3 + 1 : 3 1
7 5 7 7 14 7 14
(5) (7) ( 2 ) (1) ( 2 ) (1)
& HYDSENNGU
25 21 4 25 21 4 6 1 6 1 7 5
2 2 35 35 : 7 = 35 : 7 14 + 14 : 14 14 = 14 : 14
5 21 : 1 + 5

4 7 1 7 14 7
42 7 42 5 = = 'tir. = = 'tir.
= : = = GU 35 4 5 14 5 5
5 5 5 7
>@
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868
& HYDSANNGU

& HYDSANNGU & HYDSBNNGU
3 4 3 4 3 1 1 1+ 6 2 92 7
( 2 3) + 2 ( 1) 3
2 3 + 2 3 4 12 3 = 3
3 = 3 3
=
4 43 2 2+9 11
1 +3
3 4 3 4 3 1 3 3 3
= + + + + 3 3
2 3 2 3 4 12 7 3 7
( 3 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) (1) 7 7 = = 'dir.
( 1) 3 11 11
9 8 9 8 9 1 = 3 = 3
= + + + + 1 1
6 6 6 6 12 12
3 3
34 8 17 2 -34
= = = 'dur.
6 12 3 3 9 7 3
=
3 1
= -7 'dir.

& HYDSCNNGU
& HYDSANNGU & HYDSANNGU

1 3 1 1 1 1 5 10 1 1 2 1 1
2 4 4 : 1+ 3 2 5 1 2 5 5 5 1
= 5 2 =5 2 =5 2
1 1+ 5 1 2 +1 3
1 3 1 +1 1+
= 2 + : 1+ 3 + 5 5 2 2 2
4 4 2 4 9 36 1 2 1
=5 =5
2 1 36 5
= 2 : 4 + = 5 5 = 25 = 2 3 3
4 2 6 6 25 6 15 1 14
5 5 = = 'tr.
8 2 8 + 1 3 3
= : 6
4 2 = - 'tir.
5
6 9 6 2 12 1
%g/h0
= : = = = 'tr.
4 2 4 9 36 3

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
QIRUPDO<D\QODU
& HYDSENNGU & HYDSDNNGU & HYDSCNNGU

3 10 3 7 1 3 +1 4 1 24 1 23
52 5 5 1+ 6
5 5 3 = 3 = 3 = 4 3 = 4 = 'dir.
=
5 7 4 = 4 = 4
= = = 'dir. 1
5 65 1 1 1 3 1 2 3 2 2 1 1
23 2 2 1
2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
23 4
= = 23 'tr.
4 1
& HYDSANNGU & HYDSENNGU & HYDSANNGU

1 3 +1 1 1
1 1 1+ +1 = +1
12 + 3 2 3 +2 = 3 +2 1 1+ 4
2 3 12 + 1+
(3) ( 2) = 6 6 1 3 1 1
1
1 1+ 8 3 3 4
+4
2 2 4 1 1+ 5 6
= +1= = 'tir.
5 = 3 +2 5 5 5
12 2
6 10 2 20
= = = 10 = 'dur.
9 9 9 9 3
2 2 4 3 4
= +2 = +2
3 2 2
= 2 + 2 = 'tr.
& HYDSBNNGU
3 1
9 5 4
5 3
(3)
= 15 15 = 15
(5)
3 1 9 5 14
+ +
5 3 15 15 15
& HYDSANNGU (3) (5)
4 15
%LU|QFHNLVRUXLOHD\QVRUXGXU =
15 14
4 2
= = 'dir.
14 7
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868 >@

zmler
& HYDSANNGU & HYDSCNNGU
TEST - 4 4 1
+ 1 1
8 3
+
11 1+ 2 3
3 2 3 2 1+
( 2) (3)
= 6 6 = 6 6 6 =
( 2) (3)
& HYDSANNGU 2 1

+
8
+
3 11 2 2
3 4 12 12 12 3 3
1 1 (4) (3)
4 1 3 1 6 1 5
4 16 11 12 12 1
= = = 'dir.
= 16 16 = 16 6 = 6 6
(4)
= =
(1)
1 1 1 4 5 6 11 6
2 2 2
+ +
16 4 16 16 16 3 3 3
(1) (4)
5 3
3 16 3 =
= = 'tir. 6 2
16 5 5
5 1 5
= = 'tr.
2 2 4
& HYDSBNNGU & HYDSANNGU & HYDSBNNGU
1 1 1 1 52 1 25 1
4 3 1 3 1 2 + = +
3 4 3 9 2 1 1 2 3 5
12 12 12 (3) (1)
=9 9 = 9
= =
(4) (3)
1 1 6 5 1 1 1 3 1 4 5 3 15 15
+ + (3) (5)
5 6 30 30 30 3 9 9 9 9 25 1 25 15
(6) (5) (3) (1)
= + =
2 9 2 1 2 2 2 2
1 30 5 = = = 'dir.
= = 'dir. 15
12 1 2 9 4 4 2
10
= = 'tir..
2
%g/h0

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
& HYDSANNGU QIRUPDO<D\QODU

1 1
1 + 3 2
2 3 + 1
=
(3) 6 6 (2)
1 1 1 6 4 3
& HYDSCNNGU & HYDSDNNGU
+ +
2 3 4 12 12 12
6 (4) (3) 1 1
4 1 3
1 3 12 1 1 1 4 3 1
1 = 12 12 = 12 3 4 2
12 12 2
(4) (1)
= 6 1 4 +1 5 ( 4) (3) =
5 1+ 1 1
4 4 4
12 8 8
3 4
=
6 1 5 12 5 1 1 1
6 = 6
= 1 4 1 = 12 2 = 24
5 5 = = 'tir. 1 1
4 5 5
12 12 8 8
5 12 1 8 1
= = = 'tr.
6 5 24 1 3
12
= = 2 'dir.
6
& HYDSBNNGU

& HYDSANNGU & HYDSENNGU
1 1 1 1 2 1 4 1
1 5
3+
3
4
+1 3 2 1 1 2 1 4
2 2 = 2 2 3 +1 +1 = 2 4
3 3 6 3 (3) ( 2)
= 6 6 = 6 1 1 2 + 1 4 + 1
1 + 1 + 1 1 1 1+ 2 1+ 4 2 4
2 4 4 4
( 2) (1) 6 6 6
32 1 1 1 3 3
= = = 1+ 6 7
3 43 1
1 6 = 2 4 = 8
4 4 4 = = 6 3 5 15
1 1
4 2 4 8
= 1 = 'tr. 6 6
1
3 8 1
7 6 = = 'tir.
= = 'dir. 8 15 5
6 1
>@
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868
& HYDSENNGU & HYDSANNGU

& HYDSENNGU
2 3 1 1
2 3 + 1 1 4 1 4 (4) 1
2 3 2 + 5 3 + 7 55 2 2 2
5 7 : 55 = :
2 1 2 10 1 3 1 1
1 63 63 3 1 3
3 2 = ( 4) 1 + = ( 4)
5 5 2 2 2 2 2 2
2+3 1
2 10 + 1 21 + 4 = ( 4)
= 3 5 7 55 2
= :
2 3 2
9 63 4
3 = = 2 'dir.
5 2
5
2 3 11 25
11 5
=
5 7 55 1 7 55
1 2 = : = :
9 63 9 63
3
5 5 & HYDSCNNGU
3 5 1 55
= 2
1 3 2 55 55 5 55 1 3 7 6
= 7 : = : : : :
5 9 63 7 9 63 2 4 8 5
= 6 = -5 WLU 5
6 1 3 8 6 1 6 6 1 6 5
55 5 63 : : = : : = :
= = 'tir. 2 4 7 5 2 7 5 2 7 6
7 9 55
1 5 1 7 7
= : = =
2 7 2 5 10
= 0, 7 'dir.
zmler
TEST - 5
& HYDSANNGU & HYDSANNGU & HYDSDNNGU

1+ 4
%g/h0
1
+2 5 1 5 1
1 1 1 1 1 : 5 6 + 3 + 6 3 SDUDQWH]OHUNDOGUOULVH
QIRUPDO<D\QODU
QIRUPDO<D\QODU

2 + = 2 +
2 3 4 6
1 4 1+ 9 4 ( 3 ) ( 2 )
+3
3 3 5 1 5 1 5 5 1 1
3 2 1 5 1 1 5 + + = + +
5 6 6 4 : 6 = 6 4 : 6 6 3 6 3 6 6 3 3
1 5 3 1
= 2 + = + 10 5
10 4 2 10 4 1 5 1 6 = = 'tr.
= : = 6 3
3 24 6 24 5
1 3 1
= + 1 1 1
2 2 4 = = 'dir.
4 5 20
3 1 4
= + = = 'dir.
4 4 4
& HYDSENNGU

& HYDSBNNGU

3 2 1 1 1 1 1 11
1 3 2 1
7 5 : 2 14 = 7 + 5 : 2 + 14 1 2 + 2 3 + ... + n n + 1 = 12

( 5 ) ( 7 )
%XWRSODPGDDOWDOWDWRSODPD\DSOULVH
& HYDSCNNGU 15 14 28 + 1
= + : 1
35 35 14 1
2
3 3 29 29 29 14
4 4 = : = 1 1
2 = 2 35 14 35 29
3 1 3 4 1 2 3
2 1 2 2
2 2 = = 'tir. 1

1
3 5 1 5 3 4
4 4 3 2
= 2 = # #
3 3 3 2 3
1 1
2
4 43 1
n n +1
= 1= = 'tr. 1
3 3 3 1
& HYDSCNNGU n +1

1 11
1 =
5 7 11 35 11 n + 1 12
3 + 8 11 3 7 = 3 3 + 88 7
n + 1 1 11 n 11
= =
35 11 5 1 5 n +1 12 n + 1 12
= = = 'tir.
88 7 8 1 8 12n = 11n + 11
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868 >@


& HYDSANNGU
& HYDSANNGU & HYDSDNNGU
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + 3 2 + 2 3
2 2 3 2 3 6 2 3 2 3
SDUDQWH]OHUNDOGUOULVH
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3
= + + = 2 + 32 3 2 4 2 4
2 2 3 2 3 6 6 2
(1) (3)
5 5
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 6 1 6
1 3 2 1
= = = 'tr. + + + 3 + 2 3 2
=
2 3 2 3 = 2 2 = 2 = ( 2) (3)
6 6 6 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 83 38 5 5
+ + + 4 2
2 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 2
1 3 10 15 25
= = 'dir.
2 2
= 6 6 = 6
3 25 25

8 8
25 8 1 8
= =
6 25 6 1
4
= 'tr.

& HYDSANNGU
& HYDSCNNGU 3
%LU|QFHNLVRUXLOHD\QVRUXGXU 1 1 1 1
5 45 8

3 2

5 10
(2) (1)
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 2
& HYDSENNGU + 8 4 zmler
5 4 5 8 = = 8 8 TEST - 6
(1) (2)
6 2 4 2

%g/h0
1 1 10 10 5
QIRUPDO<D\QODU
QIRUPDO<D\QODU

10
2 2 + 2 + 2
SDUDQWH]OHUNDOGUOULVH 1 & HYDSENNGU

5 1
4 + 4 4 + 4 = 8 =
1 5

2 7 9
2 +
8 2
77 81
1 1 5 9 11 2 +
2 + +2 (11) ( 9 ) = 99 99
4 4 5
2 2 = = = 'tr. =- 'dir. 1 1 11 9
5 1 4 1 16 + +
4+ 4 9 11
(11) (9)
99 99
4 4 4
158
2
= 99
20
99
198 158
& HYDSANNGU = 99
& HYDSCNNGU 20
1 1 99
3+ 3 1 1 1 1
3
3 4 + 54 5 40
1 1
9 + 9 4 3
= 99
9 9 5 4 20
(4) (5)
1 1 2 99
3+ 3+
3 3 = 3 SDUDQWH]OHUNDOGUOULVH
1 1 2 40 99
9+ 9+ = = 2 'dir.
1 1 1 1 2 99 20
9 9 9 + +
2 9 1 9 4 5 4 5 = 5
= = = 3 'tr. 16 15

1
3 2 3 1 20 20 20
2 20
=
5 1

& HYDSENNGU
2 4
=
1 1 2
& HYDSDNNGU 3 2 2 1 4
= 8 'dir. = 2
4 3 3 4 3
1 1 4
3 + 3 3 2
SDUDQWH]OHUNDOGUOULVH =
1 8 1 16
=
1 1
6 3 6 6
2+2 +
4 6 (1) ( 2)

1 1 15 5
3+ +2 = = - 'dir.
3 3 5 1 6 2
= = 'dir.
1 1 10 2
4 + +6
2 2
>@
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868

& HYDSENNGU & HYDSANNGU
& HYDSBNNGU
%LU|QFHNLVRUXLOHD\QVRUXGXU 61 84 5 5 11
a= + + + WRSODP75ROVXQ
68 85 2 3 5
7 86
5 5 11
b= + 7DUDIWDUDIDWRSODPD\DSOUVD T = + +
68 85 2 3 5

1 4 1
68 170 x= +
a + b = 68 + 85 a + b = 3 2 3 5
& HYDSANNGU 6 9 10
a + b = 1+ 2 a = 3 b 'dir. T +x= + +
2 3 5
2 T + x =3+3+2
3 2 =
2 1
2
5 T + x = 8 T = 8 x 'tir.
5 3 3 5 3
5
2 10 2 50 48 16
= = = =- 'tir.
15 3 15 15 15 5
(1) (5)
& HYDSBNNGU

& HYDSENNGU
& HYDSBNNGU

5 3 4 22 10
3 + + WRSODP75ROVXQ + WRSODP75ROVXQ
2 2 3 1 3 3 5 7 13 9

= 2
3 2 2 3 2 7DUDIWDUDIDWRSODPD\DSOULVH WDUDIWDUDIDWRSODPD\DSOULVH
3 5 3 4
1 1 6 5 T= + + 22 10
= 3 = = - 'dir. 3 5 7 T = +
%g/h0
2 2 2 13 9
a = 1 + 2 + 10

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
3 5 7 QIRUPDO<D\QODU x =
4 37

13 9
T +a =
6 5 14
+ +

26 27
5
3 GU 7 T x =
T + a = 2 + 1+ 2 13 9
T x =23
& HYDSDNNGU T +a = 5
1 T = x 1 'dir.
T - x = -1
T = 5-a
a
b a =
a 1
a
a
a b b a b
a
1 a2 1 a 2
= = 'dir.
b b b

& HYDSCNNGU & HYDSCNNGU & HYDSANNGU
x >0 3 5 11 3 5 7 19 21
+ + WRSODP75ROVXQ 2 + .... + A R
2 2 3
4 2 3 4 10 11
x 3 =0 1 2 3 ROVXQ
3 2 a = + + aQQHLWLLOHoDUSOULVH

2 3 4 SD\GDV D\Q RODQ WHULPOHU DUDVQGD
x
1 2 3 WRSODPD\DSOU
2 1 x a =
= 3 = 0 2 3 4
x 3 2 3 5 7 19 21

A = 2 + + ... +
3 5 11 2 3 4 10 11
2 3x T= + +
= =0 1 2 3 9 10
3x 2 2 3 4 T = + + ... +
2 3 4 10 11
2 3x 2 3 8
= = 9x 2 = 4 T a = + + 2 3 4 10 11
3x 2 2 3 4 T + A =2 + + ...... +
2 3 4 10 11
4 T a = 1+ 1+ 2
x2 = T + A = 2 1 + 1 1 + 1 + ... 1 + 1
9 T a = 4 T = a + 4 'tr.
T +A=2 A = 2 T 'dir.
4
x2 =
9
2
x= 'tr.
3
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868 >@


& HYDSENNGU
& HYDSBNNGU & HYDSDNNGU

1 %LU|QFHNLVRUXLOHD\QVRUXGXU 3
VD\V VD\VQQ NDoWD NDo KHVDE 1
8 3 1
+ 4 :
LoLQRUDQODPD\DSOU 1 3 3 12
4
1 34 1
3
8 = 1 1 = 1 'dur. & HYDSCNNGU + 4 1 = 3 + 4 : 1

43
8 8 8 64 3 12 1 3 12
1 1 1 1 4 4
1 + 3 1 + 4 ...... 1 + 92
4 1 1 1
= 3 12 = 12 12
3 + 1 4 + 1 92 + 1 1 4 3 12
= ... 1
3 4 92 = 12 12 12 = 144 1 = 143 'tr.
4 5 93 93 12
= ... = = 31 'dir.
& HYDSANNGU 3 4 92 3
25 1 5
= 'dur.
9 5 9
& HYDSBNNGU & HYDSANNGU

& HYDSDNNGU

a 1 a +1
5 6 7 10 1+
a 100 + + + ... +
2UDQODQULVH 10 = 1 1 1 1 1+ a 1+ a
b 10 b 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ a +1 a +1
4 5 6 9
100 a a
a+ =a+
a 10 10a 5 6 7 10 1 1
= = 'dir. = + + + ... +
4 +1 5 +1 6 +1 9 +1
%g/h0
1 b b a a

4 5 6 9 a +1 a
QIRUPDO<D\QODU
QIRUPDO<D\QODU 1+
5 6 7 10 a a +1
= + + + ... =a+
5 6 7 10 1
zmler 4 5 6 9 a

1+ 1 2
TEST - 7 4 5 6 9 =a+
1
=a+
1
=5 + 6 + 7 + ... + 10
5 6 7 10 a a
a

& HYDSDNNGU = 4+5+6+7+8+9 = a + 2
1
= 39 'dur. = a + 2a = 3a GU
1 2 3 n 1
...... =
2 3 4 n + 1 12
1 1
= n + 1 = 12
n + 1 12
n = 11 'dir.

& HYDSDNNGU

1 1 1
5 5 5
1 4 1 9 1 16 5 =5 =5
2 5 20 5 15
5 1 : 3 5
4 1 9 1 16 1 2 1 2 2 4 4 4
=
4 9 16 2 4 4 15 4
=5 5 =5 =
3 8 15 15 3 3
=
4 9 16 5 11
1 9 5 9 = 'tr.
1 2 15 5 = : = 4 : 3
= = 'dir. 2 1 4 2 4
1 3 16 8 4
58 9 3 9
= : = 2 : 4
2 4
& HYDSENNGU 3 4 2
= = - 'tr.
2 9 3
1 1 1
1+ 2 1+ 3 1 + 4

2 + 1 3 + 1 4 + 1
=
2 3 4
3 4 5 5
= = 'dir.
2 3 4 2
>@
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868
& HYDSBNNGU & HYDSANNGU & HYDSANNGU

1 1 1 1 1
4+ =4+ =4+ 1+ 1+
1 3 +1 4 1 3
1+ 1+ 1
1 1
3 3 3 1+ 1+
3 2
3 16 + 3 19 1 1
=4+ = = 'tr. = 1+ = 1+ 1 1
4 4 4 1 3 = 1+ = 1+
1+ 1+ 3 2
4 4 1 1 3
3 3
3
2
1
= 1+ 1
4+3 = 1+
1 2
4
1 4 1
= 1+ = 1+ = 1+

& HYDSCNNGU 7 7 1
1 1 1 4 = 1 1 = 0 GU
3 =3 =3 7 + 4 11
1 2 3+2 = = 'dir.
1+ 1+
3 3 3 7 7
2
1 3 15 3
=3 =3 =
5 5 5
3 & HYDSENNGU

12
= 'tir.
5 1 1 1
1 4 +1 5 4
1+
4 = 4 = 4 = 5
1 1 1 4
1 4 1 3 3
1
4 4 4
4 3 3
%g/h0
& HYDSENNGU = = 'tir.

5 4 5
& HYDSBNNGU

QIRUPDO<D\QODU
QIRUPDO<D\QODU
1 1 2
1+ = 1+ 3
2 2 2
2+ 2+ 1+
1 2 1
1 1
3 3 3
1 2 2
= 1+ =3 =3
& HYDSANNGU
3 2 3
2+ 2 1+ 1+ 2
2 2 2 1 3
1+
1 3 2
= 1+ 1+ 1+ 2
2+3 2 2 1 1 3 2
=3 =3 1+
1 5 +1 6 1+ 3 4 1+ 2 = 1+ 2 = 1+ 2 1
= 1+ = = 'tir. 1 1 1
5 5 5
12 2 10 5 2 2 2
= = = 'dir.
4 4 2
1+ 3 4 2
= 1+ = 1+ = 1+ 4
1 1 1
2 2
= 1 + 8 = 'dur.

& HYDSANNGU
1
1+
1
2+
1 zmler
3+
4 TEST - 8
1 1
= 1+ = 1+
1 4
2+ 2+ & HYDSANNGU
& HYDSENNGU
13 13
4 1 2
1 1 1 1
1 1+ = 1+ = 1+ 3
= 1+
1
1
1
1
1
2 1+ 1+ 3
26 + 4 1 2 2 3
1 3 3 1 1+
13 1+ 3 = 1+ 3 = 1+ 3 2
2 2 1+
1 13 1 1 1
= 1+ = 1+ 1 1
30 30 = 1+ = 1+ 3 3 3
13 3 2 1
1+ 1 2 3
30 + 13 43 3 3 = 1+ = 1+ = 1+ 2
= = 'dur. 1 1 1
30 30
= 1+ 3 = 4 'tr. 3 3
= 1 + 6 = 'dir.
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868 >@


& HYDSBNNGU
& HYDSDNNGU
& HYDSANNGU
2 2
2
=
x

2
=
x
1
1
= 1
1 2 3
1+ = 1+
2 11 2 11 1 1 3 2
2+ 2+ 1 1
2 8 1 a 1 9 4 + 9 13
2+ 1 = 1+ = = 'tr.
3 3 a a 4 4 4
2 x 1 1
= = 1 = 1
3 11 a a 1 a
2+ 2 1
8 a 1 a 1 & HYDSBNNGU
2 x 4 x 1 2 1 2 1
= 2 = = 1 = 1+ a - 1 = a
GU
1 1 2 1 3 1
11 11 11 11
1 1 2 1 3 =
2 3
4 a 1
2 1
8 x 1 2
= x = 8 'dir. =
11 11 2 3
1 3 3
= = 'dir.
4 2 8

& HYDSDNNGU & HYDSANNGU

zmler
5 1
= 1+
1
1 1 TEST - 9
3
1+
1 8 2 = 8 6 = 2 = 9 'dir.
9 3 2
x 9 9 9
(1) ( 3 )
5 1 53 1
& HYDSCNNGU
1= =
3 1 3 x +1
1+ 1 3 2
x x 2 1 3 2 1 1 4 3
2 x 2 2 2 9
= =
3 x +1 1
1
3
1
2( x + 1) = 3 x 1+ 2
%g/h0
2

2 x + 2 = 3x
QIRUPDO<D\QODU
QIRUPDO<D\QODU
x = 2 'dir. & HYDSBNNGU 2
2 1 3

=
9
1 8 1 7 2
2
2 41 4 = 4 4 3
= =
4 21 1 8 1 7
& HYDSCNNGU 4 9 2
2 2 2 2 3
= 9
7 2 1 2 1
x+
2
=3
4 = = = 'dir. 2
1 9 4 7 4 1 2
y+ 3
z 7 14
2 3 3
2 2 = 9 = 9
x+ =3+ 2 2
1 9
y+ 3 3
z 2
14 27 13
2 2
x+ =3+ 9
1 1 = = 9
y+ 4+ 2 2
z 2
& HYDSANNGU
3 3
O halde x =3 , y = 4 ve z = 2 'dir. 1 1 1 13 3 13
= =-
x+y +z =3+4+2 21 GU
9 2 6
2 1
= 2 = 2 = 2
= 9 'dur. 2 +4 1 1 1 1 2
2
+ +
2 4 4 4 4
1 & HYDSCNNGU

1 2
= 2 = = + 'dir.
1 2 1 %LU NHVLUGH SD\ YH\D
& HYDSBNNGU 1
2 2- SD\GD D\Q WHULPOHU LOH
1
$YH%UDNDP 2-
1 VRQVX]DJLGL\RULVHNX
2-
2 - ... UDOJHUHLGHLNHQNXO
1 3 1 1
= =
B 5 B 5 ODQDUDNo|]P\DSOU
A+ A+
12 12 3
6RQVX]DJLGHQNHVLUH[GL\HFHNROXUVDN
SD\ODUHLWROGXXQGDQSD\GDODUGDHLWOHQLU
& HYDSBNNGU VRQXoWD[HHLWOHQLU2KDOGH
B 5 12A + B 5
A+ = = 1
12 3 4 2- = x ROXU
12 3 1 x
2 1 24 1 16 1 15
12A + B = = = = 'tr. 2x 1
=x 2 x 1 = x2
=5 5 5 5 5 x
4
12A + B = 20 x 2 2x + 1 = 0
( x 12 ) = 0
A = 1 iin B = 8 'dir.
x = 1 'dir.
>@
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868

& HYDSDNNGU
& HYDSCNNGU
& HYDSENNGU
a, b, c R {0} %D\D NHVULQ GHHUL

3
GLU 3D\QD [ x +5 1 x 1
7 = , =
LIDGHVLQGHNLDEYHFVD\ODUQGDQKHUELUL y 2 y 1 5
GHQLOLULVHSD\GDV[ROXU2KDOGH 2 x + 10 = y , 5x = y 1
LOHE|OQULVH
3x 5x + 1 = y
NHVULQ
a b a b 7x +HULNLHLWOLNWHyOHUELUELULQHHLWOHQGLL]DPDQ

2 2 = 4 = a b 2
c c 3x 2 1 2 x + 10 = 5 x + 1
4 c =
2 2 7x 2 3 9 = 3x
a b 1 a b 9x 6 = 7x 2 = x 'tr.
= = olur.
2 c 2c
2x = 4 NLHLWOLNWHQELULQGH[LQHLWL\HULQH\D]OULVH
x = 2 'dir. y = 2 x + 10
.HVUQSD\GDVOHSD\DUDVQGDNIDUN y = 2 3 + 10
& HYDSDNNGU 7x 3x = 4x y = 6 + 10
= 42 y = 16 GU
a, b, c R +
= 'dir. 2KDOGH x + y = 3 + 16
a+b
LIDGHVLQGHNL KHU VD\ LOH oDUSOU
c = 19 'dur.
3aLVH
+ 3 b 3(a + b ) a + b
= = olur.
3c 3c c
& HYDSANNGU

& HYDSBNNGU
& HYDSBNNGU
a b
1 a, b Z birinci kesir : ikinci kesir :
3 4
m, n Z , m<n %D\D NHVULQ GHHUL WU 3D\QD [
3
m a b 61
LIDGHVLQGHmGHHULmnGHQE GHQLOLULVHSD\GDV[ROXU2KDOGH b =a+4 + =
mn 3 4 12
\N ROGXXQGDQ NHVLULQ SD\ SD\ x
%g/h0
NHVULQ bQLQHLWL\HULQH\D]OULVH
x

GDVQGDQE\NRODFDNWU
QIRUPDO<D\QODU
QIRUPDO<D\QODU a a + 4 61
x 1 3 + =
3 = 3 4 12
2KDOGH " " GHHULRODPD] 3 x + 3 11 (4) (3)
4
11x 11 = 9 x + 9 4a 3a + 12 61
+ =
2 x = 20 12 12 12
& HYDSDNNGU
x = 10 4a + 3a + 12 61
=
ac .HVULQSD\[ROGXXQGDQHLWLGXU 12 12
LIDGHVLQGHNLDEYHFVD\ODUQQKHU
b 7a + 12 61
=
ELULNDWQDoNDUOULVH 12 12
7a + 12 = 61 7a = 49
4a 4c 16 a c 2 a c
= = olur. a = 7 'dir.
24b 8 b b
2KDOGH
b = a + 4 a
QQHLWL\HULQH\D]OULVH
b =7+4
a a, b Z ve b 0 ROPDN ]HUH ED\D b = 11
NHVLULQSD\QDHNOHQLULVHNHVULQGH
b a Buna gre,
NHVULQHLWL ROVXQ
a b a b = 7 11
HUL ROXU
b E D GLU.HVULQHLWLQGHEQLQHLWL = 'dir.
2KDOGHDUWPLNWDU\HQLNHVLULOHHVNLNHV
\HULQH\D]OULVH
ULQIDUNONDGDURODFDNWU
a a
a+3 a a +3 a 3 = ROXU .HVULQ SD\GDVQD
= = 'dir. b a +7 & HYDSDNNGU
b b b b

HNOHQLULVH
aZ
a 1 a a
= ve kesirler
a + 7 +1 5
& HYDSBNNGU 3 5
a a 32
1
a
=
1 + =
'HHUL RODQ ED\D NHVULQ SD\ LQ a+8 5 3 5 15
(5) (3)
4
5a = a + 8 4a = 8 5a 3a 32
SD\GDV LVH Q NDW RODFDNWU 2 KDOGH + =
a = 2 'dir. 15 15 15
SD\QD[GHUVHNSD\GDVLVH[ROXU
5a + 3a 32 8a 32
2KDOGHONNHVUQSD\GDV = =
x
15 15 15 15
x ED\DNHVULQSD\YHSD\GDWRSODP b =a+7
[[ [WLU aQQHLWL\HULQH\D]OULVH 8a = 32
b = 2 + 7 = 9 'dur. a = 4 'tr.
LQNDWRODFDNWU
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868 >@


& HYDSENNGU & HYDSCNNGU

zmler
1 1 5 7
TEST - 10 2 2 3 3 32 3
ROGXXQDJ|UH 6
=
6
1 1 7 9
& HYDSENNGU 2 + 2 3 + 3 42 4
8 8
12 5 8 ( 7 ) ROGXXQDJ|UH 7
4 1 9 1 3 8 3
2 3
12 [5 8 + 7] = 12 ( 4 ) = 12 4 = 8 'dir. 2 3 6
= =
4 + 1 9 + 1 5 10 9
4

2 3 8
2 3
4 4 3 12 7
& HYDSCNNGU = = = 4 = 'tir.

5 5 25 25 25 = 2
9
2 1 3 3
1+ 2
2 3 ROGXXQDJ|UH
5 7 2
2 =
2 9
3+2 5 & HYDSANNGU 7
=

3 = 2 3 GXU
2 9
5 5 9 2 4 9 6 4
2 + = 2 +
2 2 2 3 9 2 9 9
(3) (1)
5 2 2 62 4 9 2
= 2 =2 = = 'tr. = 2
3 5 3 3 3 2 9
9 16 & HYDSDNNGU
=
2 9 1 2 1
= 8 'dir. 1
& HYDSANNGU

2 = 2
7 1 7 1
14 7 1 1
+ ROGXXQDJ|UH 2 1 2 2 1
%g/h0
1
15 16 15 16

2 2
QIRUPDO<D\QODU

14 7
+
1

1 14 + 1 7 + 1
= QIRUPDO<D\QODU 1
15 16 15 16 15 16

& HYDSDNNGU = 2
15 8 7 1
=
15 16 2 1
1 1 5 2 1 1 5 4
1 2 1 1 + : = + : 2
= 1 = = 'dir. 4 2 6 3 4 2 6 6
2 2 2 ( 1) ( 2 ) 1
1 1 1
= + : = 2
4 2 6 7
2
& HYDSENNGU 1 1 6 2
= +
+HUWDPVD\ELUUDV\RQHOVD\ROGXXQGDQ 4 2 1 1
1 2
GROD\UDV\RQHOVD\ROPD\DQELUWDPVD\ = +3 =
4 74
\RNWXULIDGHVLGRUXRODFDNWU 13 2
= 'tr.
$\Q]DPDQGDED]UDV\RQHOVD\ODUGDELU 4 1
WDPVD\GUgUQHLQ = 2
3
3 2 3 2
, , ,"" gibi.
1 1 1
1 2
=
2 3
& HYDSBNNGU & HYDSDNNGU 1
= 'tr.
3
ab 3
1 5 3 1 = 2 (a b ) = 3 (a + b )
1 + 15 8 4 + 2 ROGXXQDJ|UH a+b 2
(1) ( 2 ) ( 4 )
2a 2b = 3a + 3b
15 + 1 5 6 4 16 5 6 + 4 a = 5b 'dir.
+ =
15 8 8 8 15 8 Buna gre,
16 3 2 3a + 5b = 18 LIDGHVLQGH E \HULQH & HYDSDNNGU
= = 'tir.
15 8 5 D\D]OU
3 3 5
3a a = 18 1 1 1
5 8 13
2 a = 18
5 3 8 3 13 5

& HYDSANNGU
a = 9GXU =
5 8 13
1 1 1 ROGXXQDJ|UH
1 4 1 5 1 6
2 5 8
=
5 8 13
4 1 5 1 6 1 2
= 'tr.
4 5 6 13
3 4 5 3 1
= = = 'dir.
4 5 6 6 2
>@
0$7(0$71.$5$.87868

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Yaynlar - nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal Yaynlar -nformal

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11. %LUNHVULQSD\GDVSD\QGDQE\NWU%XNHVULQSD\GDVQD 14. 3D\ODUD\QRODQLNLNHVULQSD\GDODUVUDV\ODYHWLU

 & HYDSCNNGU

 & HYDSBNNGU 

  & HYDSANNGU

 & HYDSDNNGU  & HYDSBNNGU  & HYDSANNGU

 & HYDSBNNGU  & HYDSDNNGU 

 & HYDSANNGU  & HYDSENNGU 

 & HYDSANNGU 

 & HYDSENNGU  & HYDSDNNGU  & HYDSCNNGU

 & HYDSANNGU  & HYDSENNGU  & HYDSANNGU

 & HYDSANNGU 2 1

 & HYDSBNNGU  & HYDSANNGU  & HYDSBNNGU

 & HYDSANNGU QIRUPDO<D\QODU

 & HYDSBNNGU

 & HYDSENNGU  & HYDSANNGU 

 & HYDSENNGU 

 & HYDSBNNGU 

 & HYDSBNNGU  & HYDSANNGU 

 & HYDSENNGU  & HYDSBNNGU 

 & HYDSBNNGU  & HYDSANNGU  & HYDSANNGU

 & HYDSENNGU = = 'tir.

a, b, c R {0} %D\D NHVULQ GHHUL

 & HYDSANNGU

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& HYDSCNNGU

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& HYDSENNGU = = 'tir.

& HYDSANNGU