BASIC MACRO PROCESSOR FUNCTION, MACHINE

INDEPENDENT MACRO PROCESSOR FUNCTION, MACRO

PROCESSOR FUNCTION DESIGN OPTION

INTRODUCTION

A macro processor is a program that copies a stream of text from one place to another,
making a systematic set of replacements as it does so. Macro processors are often embedded
in other programs, such as assemblers and compilers. Sometimes they are standalone
programs that can be used to process any kind of text. Macro processors have been used for
language expansion (defining new language constructs that can be expressed in terms of
existing language components), for systematic text replacements that require decision
making, and for text reformatting (e.g. conditional extraction of material from an HTML file)

BASIC MACRO PROCESSOR FUNCTION

Processor design is the design engineering task of creating a microprocessor, a

component of computer hardware. It is a subfield of electronics engineering and computer
engineering. The design process involves choosing an instruction set and a certain execution
paradigm (e.g. VLIW or RISC) and results in a microarchitecture described in e.g. VHDL or
Verilog. This description is then manufactured employing some of the various semiconductor
device fabrication processes. This results in a die which is bonded onto a chip carrier. This
chip carrier is then soldered onto, or inserted into a socket on, a printed circuit board (PCB).

The mode of operation of any microprocessor is the execution of lists of instructions.

Instructions typically include those to compute or manipulate data values using registers,
change or retrieve values in read/write memory, perform relational tests between data values
and to control program flow.

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MACHINE INDEPENDENT MACRO PROCESSOR FUNCTION

Porting concept in which an application goes through so that it can be changed in a

way that it suits the target architecture or operating system. Porting is the procedure of
adjusting programming so that an executable project can be made for a figuring domain that
is not quite the same as the one for which it was initially composed (e.g. distinctive CPU,
operating system, or third party library) (Rashid, Patnaik, & Bhattacherjee, 2014). The term is
additionally utilised when programming/equipment is changed to make them usable in
distinctive situations. Programming is convenient when the expense of porting it to another
stage is not exactly the expense of composing it starting with no outside help. The lower the
expense of porting programming, with respect to its usage cost, the more convenient it is said
to be. The expression "port" is gotten from the Italian portare, signifying "to convey" (Lin, &
Ying, 2014). At the point when code is not perfect with a specific working framework or
building design, the code must be "conveyed" to the new framework.

The term is not for the most part connected to the procedure of adjusting
programming to keep running with less memory on the same CPU and working framework,
nor is it connected to the modifying of source code in an alternate dialect (i.e. dialect change
or interpretation). Software developers frequently assert that the product they compose is
compact, implying that little exertion is expected to adjust it to another environment (Wang,
Sun, & Sun, 2011). The measure of exertion really required relies on upon a few variables,
including the degree to which the first environment (the source stage) varies from the new
environment (the objective stage), the experience of the first creators in knowing which
programming dialect develops and third party library calls are unrealistic to be compact, and
the measure of exertion put by the first creators in just utilizing convenient builds (stage
particular develops regularly give a less expensive arrangement) (Huang, Li, & Xie, 2015).

Rather than making an interpretation of straightforwardly into machine code, cutting

edge compilers mean a machine independent intermediate code to improve compactness of
the compiler and minimise outline endeavours (Yin, et al., 2012). The transitional dialect
characterises a virtual machine that can execute all projects written in the intermediate dialect
(a machine is characterised by its dialect and the other way around). The intermediate code
guidelines are interpreted into identical machine code arrangements by a code generator to
make executable code.

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 It is likewise conceivable to avoid the era of machine code by really executing the
virtual machine in machine code (Mathur, Miles, & Du, 2015). This virtual machine usage is
called a mediator, in light of the fact that it peruses in the intermediate code guidelines one by
one and after every read executes the proportionate machine code successions (the
translation) of the read halfway guideline straightforwardly. Composing the compiler sources
completely in the programming dialect the compiler should interpret, makes the
accompanying methodology, otherwise called compiler bootstrapping, possible on the
objective machine (Rhrich, & Welfonder, 2014):

Port the translator. This should be coded in get together code, utilising an
officially display constructing agent on the objective.
Adapt the source of the code generator to the new machine.
Execute the adjusted source utilizing the translator with the code generator source
as data. This will produce the machine code for the code generator.

MACRO PROCESSOR FUNCTION DESIGN OPTION

Processor design is the design engineering task of creating a microprocessor, a

component of computer hardware. It is a subfield of electronics engineering and computer
engineering. The design process involves choosing an instruction set and a certain execution
paradigm (e.g. VLIW or RISC) and results in a microarchitecture described in e.g. VHDL or
Verilog. This description is then manufactured employing some of the various semiconductor
device fabrication processes. This results in a die which is bonded onto a chip carrier. This
chip carrier is then soldered onto, or inserted into a socket on, a printed circuit board (PCB).
The mode of operation of any microprocessor is the execution of lists of instructions.
Instructions typically include those to compute or manipulate data values using registers,
change or retrieve values in read/write memory, perform relational tests between data values
and to control program flow.

CPU DESIGN

CPU design focuses on six main areas:

Datapaths (such as alus and pipelines)

Control unit: logic which controls the datapaths

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 Memory components such as register files, caches
Clock circuitry such as clock drivers, plls, clock distribution networks
Pad transceiver circuitry
Logic gate cell library which is used to implement the logic

CONCLUSION

CPUs designed for high-performance markets might require custom designs for each
of these items to achieve frequency, power-dissipation, and chip-area goals whereas CPUs
designed for lower performance markets might lessen the implementation burden by
acquiring some of these items by purchasing them as intellectual property. Control logic
implementation techniques (logic synthesis using CAD tools) can be used to implement
datapaths, register files, and clocks. Common logic styles used in CPU design include
unstructured random logic, finite-state machines, microprogramming (common from 1965 to
1985), and Programmable logic arrays (common in the 1980s, no longer common).

REFERENCES

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General-purpose_macro_processor

http://jhyeh.csie.au.edu.tw/courses/AU.SP.2006/course.SP.xml

http://www.powershow.com/view/133f6b-

ZDVjY/Machine_Independent_Macro_Processor_Features_Concatenation_of_Ma

cro_Parameters_Generation_of_Unique_powerpoint_ppt_presentation

http://iete-elan.ac.in/subjects/amSystemSoftware.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine-independent_software

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_design