Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
The term "district hospital" is used here to mean a hospital at the first referral level that
is responsible for a district of a defined geographical area containing a defined population and
It is possible that this term "district hospital" may vary from country to country but will remain
distinct with its functions. In some countries, where the population is small, the role and
functions of district hospital may be enlarged to suit the needs of the population. (Who
Most of the people in the Philippines cannot easily achieve the proper health care
delivery. This situation exist particularly in the rural areas in the provinces that usually lacks in
health care facilities, poor service capabilities and even inadequate design of some hospital
especially to the primary level hospital. Thats why most approach of the people to primary
level hospital is that, it has poor services of healthcare that leads the people by passing the
primary levels hospital without the proper referral system which results for the overcrowding
Today, the health care services in Iloilo city has improved in terms of medical staff
capability. The provincial government of Iloilo city has carried out a program to improve the
facilities of the provincial hospital and there are 11 district hospitals that scattered all over the
province. They have allocated additional budget to make the hospitals better able to handle the
needs of the people. The staffs of the hospitals were also given opportunities to enhance their
Just before the end of 2005, the Sangguniang Panlalawigan approved an ordinance
adopting standard rates for all accommodation and services at hospitals. This is geared toward
Hospitals before have to earn money to be able to sustain their operations and to
provide better services to the people. Recent strategies adopted by the health sector are now
focused on the operation of health reforms namely: Public Health Reforms, and Local Health
and projects to address the top causes of morbidity and mortality in the province of Iloilo. Local
health system is another area that needs reform, to improve the delivery of services. At
present, there are 11 inter local health zones that were organized and operationalized namely:
(1st district)- Rep. Pedro G. Trono Memorial Hospital in Guimbal,(2nd district)- Aleosan District
Memorial District Hospital in Cabatuan, Federico Roman Tirador Sr. Memorial District Hospital
in Janiuay, Dr. Ricardo Y. Ladrido Memorial Hospital in Lambunao, Dr. Ricardo S. Provido Sr.
Memorial District Hospital in Calinog, (4th district) Dumangas District Hospital, Don Valerio
Palmares Sr. Memorial District Hospital in Passi City, (5th district) Barotac Viejo District Hospital,
The Statement of the problem is to design a district hospital that will cater the needs of
the people in terms of healthcare not only in the Municipality of Lemery but also in the whole
5th district. The Municipality of Lemery needs a district hospital because it has mountainous
barangays and its about 25 kilometers far from Sara District Hospital. Sometimes, when the
patients of Lemery reach the Sara district hospital it is already very crowded that other patients
stays in the alleys of the hospital or sometimes they cannot be accommodated and referred to
One way to improve concerns with regards to effective and efficient delivery of
healthcare services here in Iloilo city, is putting up a proposal that would be the solution for the
healthcare needs of the people in 5th district. The study has the following objectives: [1.]To
design a hospital department such as inpatient care for critically ill or injured persons and
outpatient for consultation and examination.[2.]To study how to organize spaces involving
hospital standard facilities and to design auxiliary facilities for convenience and easy access of
the users.[3.]To provide a pit-stop hospital with standard facilities for the public in nearby
This study is significant to the public for them to know the role of district hospital to the
community and to enhance their knowledge about proper health care delivery or referral
system. To the Local Government Unit, this can help them find out the importance of district
hospital in the community. It is also significant to all the architects, engineers and designers to
design and to build appropriate health care facilities with the integration of Bioclimatic
Architecture to balance the ecological, economics, and social circumstances and to promote a
healing environment inside and outside of the building. This study will be significance to the
Architecture students undergoing research as their source of reference and to enhance their
knowledge on how to develop a new strategies for the improvement of modern district
hospital.
The scope of this study covers the important Architectural Design data and information
relevant to the planning and space programming of a Primary level hospital. It comprised
relevant records from books and the internet about the District hospital and selected facilities
involved. Similarly, conducted surveys and interviews were used as a basis for processing the
design of the proposed facility. This included the architectural analysis, planning, and space
programming for the said healthcare facility. The study was limited to the planning of District
hospital.
CHAPTER II
A district hospital typically is the major healthcare facility in its region, with large
numbers of beds for intensive care and long-term care. Public district hospitals fulfill vital roles
in the states healthcare system. Without them many people would be unable to receive
healthcare in their own communities. District hospitals are authorized not only to operate as
hospitals, but to deliver any kind of service to help people stay healthy physically, socially and
mentally. Because they are owned and governed by local citizens, district hospitals tailor their
services to meet the unique needs of their individual communities. It is the community based
mission that defines and distinguishes district hospitals from other healthcare entities.
The role of district hospitals in primary healthcare has been expanded beyond being
dominantly curative and rehabilitative to include promotional, preventive and educational roles
as part of a primary healthcare approach. Health systems in developing countries are often
organized in a hub and spoke arrangement, with a district hospital (the hub) having more
personnel with more advanced training than the peripheral clinics (the spokes). The peripheral
clinics are usually health centers and health posts located in communities and staffed by nurses
and other health workers who provide primary care services. Ideally, district hospitals provide
the first level of outpatient or inpatient care for patients who have been referred by their
primary care providers. District hospital also refer to people who need more specialized care to
regional or national level health facilities.(Canadian International Development and the Aga
Khan Foundation, 1981. The role of the hospitals in primary healthcare Karachi: Canadian
Delivery of healthcare services in the Philippines is provided both by public and private
provider. It is designed as a referral network, wherein barangay Health Stations (BHS), manned
by barangay Health Workers (BHWs), serve as the base 1, they report to City Health Offices
(CHOs) or Rural Health Units (RHUs)usually located in a city or a town Poblacion. CHOs/RHUs
are usually staffed by a physician, nurses, a sanitary inspector, trained midwives, affiliated
traditional birth attendants and BHWs. RHUs refer patients to primary hospitals, usually
composed of 25 beds. Large provinces usually have secondary hospitals usually composed of
provincial and city hospitals. Final referral hospitals are composed of medical centers, regional
hospitals, and specialty care hospitals. With the devolution of health services in 1992, the
referral network failed to work as envisioned. For instance, tertiary hospitals normally attend to
Hospitals in the Philippines are relatively small. Sixty-five percent of all hospitals have 50
or fewer beds. On average, government hospitals are composed of 62 beds while private
hospitals have 38 beds. In the early 1970s, public hospital beds outnumbered private hospital
beds by a big margin. But this gap has been narrowing as the number of private hospital beds
has been catching up with the number of public hospital beds. In 2005, the gap was minimal at
342. Government bed capacity decreased particularly after the devolution of hospitals to local
governments. With the passage of the Local Government Code in 1991, the powers and
responsibilities of the central government were passed to local government units. The DOH
devolved its hospitals, provincial and district offices, and the staff of these offices to the
provinces. The municipalities were given the responsibility of providing basic health services
through Rural Health Units and barangay Health Stations while the cities were in charge of
health offices in the city. Out of 639 public hospitals, only 45 remained under the DOH as
national government facilities in 1992. (Solon, Orville, Gertler, Paul, and Alabastro, Stella(1998):
Insurance and Price Discrimination in the Market for Hospital Services in the Philippines.
The country has an average ratio of 1,000 people per hospital bed. Based on the
licensing report on the number of beds according to category of health facilities, the
government owns most of the beds in infirmary facilities and in the first and third level referral
hospital while the private sector owns most of the beds in birthing homes, second level referral,
and acute, chronic and custodial psychiatric care facilities. While there have been efforts in the
past to integrate the dual hospital system into a cohesive one, much remains to be desired in
this respect. The interface between the public and private hospital system needs to be further
of health systems in Ghana, Zambia, Uganda and the Philippines: a comparative analysis of
agency thereof.
Private Hospital privately owned, established and operated with funds raised or
association.
General Hospital - provides services for all kinds of Illnesses, diseases, injuries or
deformities.
Special Hospital provides services for one particular kind of Illness/disease or medical
LEVELS OF HOSPITAL
Primary-level hospital: District hospital, Rural hospital, Community hospital, General hospital
Provide the first level of outpatient or inpatient care for patients who have been
referred by their primary care providers. District hospitals also refer people who need more
specialized care to regional or national-level health facilities. Specialties offered are mainly
internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and general surgery, or just general
practice; limited laboratory services available for general but not specialized pathological
analysis.
Highly differentiated by function with 5 to 10 clinical specialties; size ranges from 200 to
hospital.
Are designed to cater to more serious diseases are also accommodating cases that can
be handled by lower level facilities. This leads to tertiary hospitals requiring more financial
resources to be able to attend to all its patients. Highly specialized staff and technical
equipment for example, cardiology, intensive care unit, and specialized imaging units; clinical
services highly differentiated by function; could have teaching activities; size ranges from 300
Patient care areas, classified as follows, shall be those areas designated by the governing body
of the health care facility in accordance with the type of patient care anticipated:
(1) General Care Areas are patient bedrooms, examining rooms, treatment rooms,
clinics, and similar areas in which it is intended that the patient shall come in contact
with ordinary appliances such as a nurse call system, electrical beds, examining
lamps, telephone, and entertainment devices. In such areas, it may also be intended
(2) Critical Care Areas are those special care units, intensive care units, coronary care
operating rooms, and similar areas in which patients are intended to be subjected to
(3) Wet Location is a patient care area that is normally subject to wet conditions
including standing water on the floor or routine dousing or drenching of the work
Outer Zone - areas that are immediately accessible to the public: emergency service,
outpatient service, and administrative service. They shall be located near the entrance
of the hospital.
Second Zone - areas that receive workload from the outer zone: laboratory, pharmacy,
Inner Zone - areas that provide nursing care and management of patients: nursing
Deep Zone areas that require asepsis to perform the prescribed services: surgical
service, delivery service, nursery, and intensive care. They shall be segregated from the
public areas but accessible to the outer, second and inner zones.
Service Zone areas that provide support to hospital activities: dietary service,
housekeeping service, maintenance and motorpool service, and mortuary. They shall be
York Hospital is the Trusts largest hospital. It has over 700 beds and offers a range of
inpatient and outpatient services. It has an Accident and Emergency department and provides
acute medical and surgical services, including trauma, intensive care and cardiothoracic services
to the population and visitors to York and North Yorkshire. The York Hospital is situated on
Wigginton Road about 15 minutes walk from the centre of the city.
York Hospital is a National Health Service teaching hospital in York, England. The hospital serves
a population of 500,000 in North Yorkshire. York Hospital now has over 700 beds and offers a
The hospital has a day unit department for day operations and operating theatres for more
complex operations. Ambulance service for the hospital is provided by Yorkshire Ambulance
Service. On-site at York Hospital there is a range of services including an accident & emergency
department, adult critical care unit, coronary care unit, maternity unit and specialist
departments including dermatology, elderly medicine, ear, nose and throat, neurology,
ophthalmology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthopedics, pediatrics and restorative dentistry.
During 2010/2011:
https://www.yorkhospitals.nhs.uk/
Milton District Hospital (or MDH) is a community hospital built on 30 acres (12 ha) of land,
Milton District Hospital offers a wide range of primary care services. Its major areas of clinical
emphasis include emergency, obstetrics, general medicine, intensive care unit, surgery,
The emergency department is open 24 hours a day, seven days a week, together with the
outpatient department provides care to more than 37,000 patients annually. The hospital is
A new patient care building to offer priority clinical services, including critical care,
Increasing inpatient beds from 63 to 129, including more single-patient rooms for
A Special Care Nursery with capacity for eight bassinettes in the Maternal Newborn
Unit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_District_Hospital
Top view of Milton District Hospital
was officially opened by Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew on 15 November 2010, but began
seeing outpatients and day surgery patients on 28 March 2010. Spanning over 3.5 hectares (8.6
acres) in the Yishun Central Area overlooking the scenic Yishun Pond. The hospital offers an
extensive range of medical services and healthcare options for residents living in the north
The facility's inpatient wards and acute care and emergency department began operation on 28
June 2010.
Key facilities
550 beds
19 wards consisting: 8 private wards (including one deluxe suite), 10 subsidized wards
90 consultation rooms
8 operating rooms
Design
The Khoo Teck Puat Hospital is designed to be patient-friendly. The 10-bedded "C"-class wards
is divided into two sections, each with its own toilet and shower facilities. There is only one
drop-off point for the hospital and the distance from it to the emergency department is only 20
metres, while the distance to the specialist clinics is between 20 and 40 metres. There are no
protruding sinks or cupboards in the wards so patients are less likely to hurt themselves.
The hospital also incorporates environmentally friendly features. The building uses 30% less
energy than other newer hospitals such as Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Changi General Hospital and
Kandang Kerbau Women's and Children's Hospital, a savings of more than S$1 million a year on
utilities costs.
"Fins" along the building's walls are designed to channel the prevailing north-east winds into
the building. Wind tunnel tests conducted at the National University of Singapore found that
the "fins" would enhance the air flow by 20 to 30%. Sunshades over the windows protect
patients from the direct glare of sunlight. The shades also re-direct light towards the ceiling to
enhance the brightness of the wards and save on the use of energy. Large fans in public areas
are powered by solar panels on the roof. The air-conditioning system draws supply air from its
internal courtyards, where the air is cooler, hence reducing the cooling loads.
http://www.rmjm.com/portfolio/khoo-teck-puat-hospital-singapore/
Aerial Perspective
Emergency Department Hospital Ward Private Room
Aims to be environmentally friendly and energy efficient, while serving as a new icon or
such as a 24-hour Emergency Room, a clinical laboratory, diagnostic unit, operating theatre, a
polyclinic providing a wide range of health care services, physiotherapy, radiology, and wards
with a capacity of 432 inpatient beds, etc. Effective and efficient connectivity, between and
within units, and smooth flow between patients, employees and visitors, are some of the
There are three aspects of the architecture that responded to the site:
1. Orientation - the optimization of greenery and land on the west of the site;
3. Site circulation - the pedestrian and vehicular traffic is kept separated with the
pedestrian paths positioned closer to the trees on the west and the ER pathway and
main entrance located on the other side. The corridor on the west side is an important
element of the building, as it connects the building with the main road to ease access for
visitors who use public transportation. It also helps expand the drop-off area, as well as
serene setting for patientsand acts as a barrier against noise and air pollution. Responding to
the tropical climate setting, the architecture creates shadow and shading to lower ambient
temperature and urban heat island effect, which in turn will help reduce energy needed for
artificial cooling.
The hospital's podium program is arranged to operate separately but it is still linked to
the main scheme. This concept, likened to individual cells inside the human body functioning
together, helps connect the spaces between the indoor and outdoor while facilitating the
process for phasing development and any future expansion without jeopardizing the forest land
on the west side. The design layout also seeks to organize the spaces inside to ensure optimal
usage, allowing smooth flow of movement without compromising the quality of the view.
http://tropical-architecture.blogspot.com/2012/12/RUMAH-SAKIT-jakarta-selatan.html
Mid Coast Hospital,Brunswick, Maine, Mid Coast, Maine, United States
Mid Coast Hospital is a full-service community hospital located in the heart of Maines Midcoast
Board of Directors.MID COAST HOSPITAL was formed after a merger between Bath Memorial
Hospital and Regional Memorial Hospital. The hospital opened its modern campus in 2001 and
then expanded in 2009 with a new Emergency Department and additional Medical/Surgical
inpatient beds.
MID COAST HOSPITAL is part of MID COASTPARKVIEW HEALTH, a dynamic healthcare system
dedicated to improving the health of the community. MID COASTPARKVIEW HEALTH was
created in 2015 when Parkview Adventist Medical Center joined with Mid Coast Health Services
The active medical staff includes more than 180 physicians and advanced practice providers in
more than 30 primary care and specialty areas. This includes outstanding private physician
practices as well as a large multi-specialty physician practice that is part of the hospital, Mid
MID COAST MEDICAL GROUP is made up of Internal Medicine practices in Bath and Topsham,
Family Practice groups in Brunswick and Topsham, a Pediatric Maine Care clinic, and a Walk-In
Clinic Downtown at Brunswick Station. The Mid Coast campus includes Breast & Surgical
Oncology, Cardiology, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Ear, Nose & Throat, Gastroenterology,
Medicine, Rheumatology, Surgical Care, Urology, Women's Health Care (an OB/GYN and
Certified Nurse Midwifery practice), and Wound & Ostomy Care. The Parkview Medical Center
MID COAST HOSPITAL has a 24-hour Emergency Department, Intensive Care, Surgical Services,
Occupational, and Speech Therapy, and Walk-In Care. Outpatient services at the Parkview
In addition, the hospital offers advanced care through such integrated, interdisciplinary centers
as The Heart Center, Primary Stroke Center, Center for Cancer Care, Digestive Health Center,
Center for Joint Replacement, Sleep Disorders Center, Addiction Resource Center, Womens
Desk
Talisay District Hospital (TDH) launched the Department of Health (DOH) Universal High
Impact Five with simultaneous nationwide live broadcast.Hi-5 is a unique directive involving all
DOH hospitals to support the regional offices in their aspiration in achieving Universal Health
Care, a crucial segment of the countrys 2015 Eight Millennium Development Goals. Hi-5
focuses on maternal health, infant health, child health, HIV/AIDS and the service delivery
network. The featured Philippine Health Atlas highlights the crucial Hi-5 responsibility zones,
primarily remote locations in every region that both have the greatest need and the least
access to proper health care. This Hi-5 launching also introduced the Alagang Pinoy brand, a
theme dedicated to improving customer satisfaction and high standard patient-centered care in
DOH hospitals.
The new 4 storey Building 2 shall house the state of the art departmentalized clinical
services (Operating Rooms, Recovery Rooms, Labor and Delivery Rooms, etc.) and
The infrastructure development of TDH shall prepare the upgrading of TDH to a 250 BED Level 3
general and specialty hospital to become the Trauma, Rehabilitation, and Sports Medicine in
the Visayas as envisioned in the DOH Philippine Hospital Development Plan for the hospital.
This project is realized through the efforts of Talisay District Hospital and the full support of the
Lemery was a corrupt word derived from the Spanish word Lamenaria, the luminescent
lamp. It is referred to a very tall tress, a Palo Maria, a variety of Lawaan spacie, which grows at
the outskirts of the now poblacion. To the settlers it was called the labogkahoyand was the
landmark of the dull lamp when seen from a far. How Lamenaria metamorphosed into
Lemery is claimed to have arisen from the natives proactivity to adopt a simplified, shortened
version for a multisyllabic foreign word. Thus,Lamenaria was shortened Lamiri and finally
The area which represent the Municipality of Lemery, was once been a part of the
Municipality of Sara. It became an Independent Municipality in 1984, virtue of republic act 197,
sponsor then representative of the 5th congressional district of Iloilo, the honorable Juan V.
Borra. A fifth class municipality, Lemery is relatively depressed agricultural town in the northern
part of the Province of Iloilo, Its link to the northern coastal traffic is a sand and gravel that
extends to the opposite direction to the Municipality of San Rafael, then to Passi and central
traffic.
Lemerys economic growth depends mainly on each agricultural sector. It posses a vast and
rich area best suited for agricultural. Industrialization post a good potential considering that it
has biggest bulk deposits of white clay, for ceramics industry, as well as traces of copper, iron,
gold, and other metallic minerals. Lemery has a total of 31 barangays and has 15,296 registered
voters as of 2010. Lemery has a total land area of 11,990 hectares as of 2007 and it is was a 4th
class Municipality and partially Urban. According to the 2010 census, It has a population of
27,441 people. Lemery is in the Iloilo province and within Region VI in the Western Visayas Area
The devolved Municipal Health Office has the following Vision: A healthy Community
immediate access to affordable, sustainable and quality health services. Mission: Effective
and efficient delivery of basic health services in partnership with the Local Government Units,
In the year 2015 Pneumonia rank no. 1 in leading causes of Mortality. For the top
located at the Brgy. Anoring ,Sara, Iloilo City. It has an Accident and Emergency department.
The SDH is now under renovation because of the typhoon Yolanda. The patients of Lemery,
Ajuy, San Dionesio and Concepcion also referred to the Sara district Hospital, because Sara
District Hospital is the only nearest hospital in the said Municipalities. When the patients of
Lemery reach to the Sara District Hospital it is already very crowded or sometimes they cannot
1 hospital director
1 midwife
1 sanitary inspector
2 surgeons
10 institutional workers
canteen
terms of health services. Lemery Rural Health Unit composed of 5 midwives,5 casual midwives,
1RSI,1 Municipal health officer,1 contractual public health nurse,10 DOH nurse deployment
program (NDP),3 Rural health midwife program (RHMPP),1 medical technologist,1 driver,1 IT
encoder.1 contractual midwife,1 DOH PHA public health aid. The Municipality of Lemery needs
a district hospital because it has mountainous barangays and its about 25 kilometers far from
Sara District Hospital. Sometimes, when they reach the hospital it is already very crowded that
other patients stays in the alleys of the hospital or sometimes they cannot be accommodated
and referred to the city hospital. There are also issues and problems on the hospital
management such as the following: inadequate budget, lack of medical and surgical supplies,
Files & Records of all Patients Treatment Counselling Room Exit way to the TB Dots Room
Inside of the Conference Room Entrance & Exit Hallway outside of the
Conference Room
Vaccine room & Comfort Room Lavatory inside at the Vaccine Room
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
The Descriptive and Interview Method are the methods that had been applied by
researcher to this study in order to attain the set of objectives and to complete the needs of
this study. Through Internet, checking the library to find the relevant data which is related to
this study and reading some finished architecture thesis as a sort of reference, going to the
related agencies to know the feasibility of the problem. By obtaining data from the Department
of Health (DOH) and conducted some interviews from the officer in charge and asked for the
guidelines and considerations in planning a Primary Level Hospital, and also to the Municipal
Health Office to analyze the health status within the locality, and proceeding to the Municipal
Assesors Office to choose an appropriate site for the problem and lastly from the Municipal
Planning and Development Office to ask for the copy of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan in
order for the researcher to analyze present scenario of the chosen site.
The Observation Method is also used as an instrument in this study to sustain the needs
of the problem. By observing the present scenario and even the past scenario and through the
data that has been gathered in the MHO (Municipal Health Office) the researcher has been able
to analyze the certain needs of the Municipality by understanding the health status including
the population growth rate, crude birth rate, crude death rate, causes of morbidity, mortality
Data Collection
Municipal Planning Schematic Evolution of
and Development Analysis Concepts
Municipality of
Lemery Office of Lemery
This chapter includes findings of the study as presented such as: Site Analysis which
involves the selection of suitable or potential sites, analysis and the evaluation of the said
proposed sites for the probable use and development of the area, Design Considerations that
include specific and important considerations suitable to Primary Level Hospital, Site and Space
Programming comprises the details on schematic diagrams and behavioral patterns, space
integration and space requirements relevant to the standards specific for the users, Diagrams
and schematics include concept evolution, bubble diagrams and site development plan
diagrams.
During the investigative process of this study, the researchers conducted surveys,
interviews, and statistical analyses in order to find solutions and ways in solving the problem
regarding the proposed District Hospital. 3 sets of survey questionnaires was prepared and sent
out to be filled by randomly chosen people within the existing health facilities and in the 5th
district. The questionnaires namely SET A is intended for the patients, Watchers and Guardian
respondents and Set B for the community of 5th district, Set C for the Medical and Non-medical
Staff respondents.
A total of one hundred twenty (120) people were taken in as respondents of the
conducted survey and interview. This was composed of different people with varying views,
opinions and with different way in life so that the researcher might be able to know how these
groups of people perceives and apprehend the situation of the existing facility, 50 respondents
were from the Set A group within the existing health facilities, 50 respondents were from the
Set B group within the 3 District hospitals in the 5th district and 20 respondents were from the
Set A group
According to the survey 96% of the people agrees that the site is located at the
According to the survey 90% of the people said that they are not contented with the
According to the survey 97% of the people agrees that they want a district hospital in
Lemery and 3% of the people disagree.
67% of the people says that they visit the Hospital or RHU twice a year,15% once a
According to the survey 55% says that they want an Indoor Lanscape,25%
Set B group
According to the survey 75% of the people said that the facility which the government
provide is poor.
According to the survey they visited the RHU/Hospital 35% twice a year, 30% twice a
According to the survey 65% of the people said that they are not satisfied with the
According to the survey 95% of the people Agrees to have a district hospital in Lemery.
Set C group
According to the survey 98% of the people said that they want a district hospital in
Lemery.
According to the survey 60% of the people said that the facilities that the government
provided in terms of health is poor.
According to the survey the people said that the important services in district hospital is
Emergency Room.
According to the survey people said that in 30 days there are 3,200 patients visited the
RHU.
According to the survey 50% of the people said that the top diseases that usually occurs
15%Tuberculosisand 5% is Diabetes.
According to the survey 55% of the people said that they want an indoor Landscape in
According to the Staffs of Sara District Hospital The top leading causes of motality
is Pneumonia and in 1 month there are 2,000 and above patients that admit to
the Hospital.
Site Analysis/Description
13,998 hectares. It is located in the North - Central part of the Province of Iloilo, Island of Panay.
The municipality is bounded from the North by the Municipalities of Cuartero and Maayon,
both of the province of Capiz, in the south by the municipality of Barotac Viejo, Iloilo in the east
by the municipalities of Sara and Ajuy, Province of Iloilo, In the west by the Municipality of San
Rafael, Iloilo and the Municipality of Dumarao Capiz. The exact location of Lemery is at
coordinates ranging from 111825 latitude and 1225222 to 1225742 longitude. From the
City of Iloilo, Lemery is 107 kilometers via Sara and 85 kilometers via Passi sand gravel road
links.
Urban 2
Rural 29
Classification 5th
Site Description
Lemery has a total road length of 120.329 Kilometers with an average width of 5.00
Meters. But the most notable and prevalent problem is the fact that most of the road portion
are totally worn-out. This, however, result to inconvenience of vehicles traversing in the
barangay road of Lemery. In the remote barangays worse road condition is also the reason of
the inconvenience and difficulty of transportation services especially during rainy season hence
maintenance, road concreting and construction of bridges and overflow in the flooded area
Communication
Just recently, ISLACOM Inc. a cellphone company constructed their cell site in the
municipality. This ushered new trend in communication service in the municipality which
formerly depended solely on postal service. However, few problems are also identified in this
area by the municipal government of Lemery. Due to the anticipated increase in the population
in the future there is a need to employ additional personnel, provide vehicles to transport
letters and messages to the barangays and request PLDT to open telephone lines and services
in the municipality.
Power
The electric line of Iloilo Electric Cooperative III (ILECO III) cover the town of Lemery. In
At present, only four (4) barangay out of 31 barangays has Level II Water System, The
rest get their water source from deep well and dug well. The Poblacion has no waterworks
Lemery is mountainous in the Northwestern and South-Eastern part and hilly on the
NorthEast and Southwest. Wedge between this elevated sections are fertile plains extending to
the North. This portion of level land is concentrated on agricultural activity and planted with
palay, corn, legumes and rootcrops. The existing land used area of the site is agricultural land.
Soil Types
There are three types of soil in Lemery namely, Sara Sandy Loam, Barotac Loam and San
Loam.
Soil Classification
The climate situation of Lemery like the rest of Iloilo Provinces belongs to type 3
whereby season is not very pronounced relatively dry from November to April and wet the rest
of the year.
Site Vicinity
The site is located at the Brgy. Poblacion South East Zone, Lemery, Iloilo City. It is about 23,578
Lot Plan
BEARINGS AND DISTANCES
AREA IN SQ.
METERS
MON. TO CORNER LINE 1-2 LINE 2-3 LINE 3-4 LINE 4-5
N3539'E N3622'E S4129'E S3114'E S4311'E
128.19 218.97 35.2 2.85 48.91
S3954E S4532'E S5019'W S4622'W
26.49 29.68 80.04 22.77
S5643'E S5726'W N8016'W N7220'W
23.38 42.08 66.76 7.02
N8415'W N5233'W
23,578
41.75 22.98
SITE PICTURES
Access Road
EASY PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATI-
ON TO THE SITE
SITE PROGRAMMING
Schematic flow of Emergency Department
codes as part of normal professional practice. References shall be made to the following:
P.D. 1096-National Building Code of the Philippines and its implementing Rules and
Regulations
P.D. 1185-Fire Code of the Philippines and its Implementing Rules and Regulations
P.D. 856-Code on Sanitation of the Philippines and its Implementing Rules and
Regulations
R.A. 1378-National Plumbing Code of the Philippines and its Implementing Rules and
Regulations
Manual on Technical Guidelines for Hospitals and Health Facilities Planning and Design.
Signage Systems Manual for Hospitals and Offices. Department of Health, Manila.1994
Guidelines for Construction and Equipment of Hospital and Medical Facilities. American
Company.1980
1. Environment: A hospital and other health facilities shall be so located that it is readily
accessible to the community and reasonably free from undue noise, smoke, dust, foul
odor, and flood it shall not be located adjacent to railroads, freight yards, childrens
2. Occupancy: A building designed for other purpose shall not be converted into a hospital.
The location of a hospital shall comply with all local zoning ordinances.
3. Safety: A hospital and other health facilities shall provide and maintain a safe
environment for a patients, personnel and public. The building shall be of such
construction so that no hazards to the life and safety of patients, personnel and public
exist. It shall be capable of withstanding weight and elements to which they may be
subjected.
3.1 Exits shall be restricted to the following types: door leading directly outside the
3.2 A minimum of two (2) exits, remote from each other, shall be provided for each
3.3 Exits shall terminate directly at an open space to the outside of the building.
4. Security: A hospital and other health facilities shall ensure the security of person and
whether they are on beds, stretchers, or wheelchairs. Circulation routes for transferring
patients from one area to another shall be available and free at all times.
5.1 Corridors for access by patient and equipment shall have a minimum width of
2.44 meters.
5.2 Corridors in areas not commonly used for bed, stretcher and equipment
5.3 A ramp or elevator shall be provided for ancillary, clinical and nursing areas
5.4 A ramp shall be provided as access to the entrance of the hospital not on the
6. Lighting: All areas in a hospital and other health facilities shall be provided with
8. Auditory and Visual Privacy: A hospital and other health facilities shall observe
acceptable sound level and adequate visual seclusion to achieve the acoustical and
activities.
9. Water Supply: A hospital and other health facilities shall use an approved public water
supply system whenever available. The water supply shall be potable, safe for drinking
and adequate, and shall be brought into the building free of cross connections.
10. Waste Disposal: Liquid waste shall be discharged into an approved public sewerage
system whenever available, and solid waste shall be collected, treated and disposed of
11. Sanitation: Utilities for the maintenance of sanitary system, including approved water
supply and sewerage system, shall be provided through the buildings and premises to
12. Housekeeping: A hospital and other health facilities shall provide and maintain a healthy
13. Maintenance: There shall be an effective building maintenance program in place. The
buildings and equipment shall be kept in a state of good repair. Proper maintenance
14. Material Specification: Floors, walls and ceilings shall be of sturdy materials that shall
15. Segregation: Wards shall observe segregation 0f sexes. Separate toilet shall be
maintained for patients and personnel, male and female, with a ratio of one (1) for
16. Fire protection: There shall be measures for detecting fire such as fire alarms in walls,
peepholes in doors or smoke detectors in ceilings. There shall be devices for quenching
fire such as fire extinguishers or fire hoses that are easily visible and accessible in
strategic areas.
17. Signage. There shall be an effective graphic system composed of a number of individual
18. Parking. A hospital and other health facilities shall provide a minimum of one (1) parking
19. Zoning: The different areas of a hospital shall be grouped according to zones as follows:
19.1 Outer Zone areas that are immediately accessible to the public: emergency
service, outpatient service, and administrative service. They shall be located near
19.2 Second Zone areas that receive workload from the outer zone: laboratory,
Pharmacy, and radiology. They shall be located near the outer zone.
19.3 Inner zone areas that provide nursing care and management of patients:
nursing service. They shall be located in private areas but accessible to guest.
19.4 Deep zone areas that require asepsis to perform the prescribed services:
surgical service, delivery service, nursery and intensive care. They shall be
segregated from the public areas but accessible to the outer, second and inner
zones.
19.5 Service zone areas that provide support to hospital activities: dietary service,
20. Function: The different areas of a hospital shall be functionally related with each other.
20.1 The emergency service shall be located in the ground floor to ensure immediate
20.2 The administrative service, particularly admitting office and business office, shall
be located near the main entrance of the hospital. Offices for hospital
20.3 The surgical service shall be located and arranged to prevent non related traffic.
provide asepsis. The dressing room shall be located to avoid exposure to dirty
areas after changing to surgical garments. The nurse station shall be located to
20.4 The delivery service shall be located and arranged to prevent non-related traffic.
The delivery room shall be as remote as practicable from the entrance to provide
asepsis. The dressing room shall be located to avoid exposure to dirty areas
after changing to surgical garments. The nurse station shall be located to permit
20.5 The nursing service shall be segregated from public areas. The nurse station shall
station for every thirty five (35) beds. Rooms and wards shall be of sufficient size
to allow for work flow and patient movement. Toilets shall be immediately
20.6 The Dietary service shall be away from morgue with at least 25 meter distance.
21. Space: Adequate area shall be provided for the people, activity, furniture, equipment
and utility.
Administrative Service
Lobby
Waiting Area 0.65/person
Information and Reception Area 5.02/staff
Toilet 1.67
Business office 5.02/staff
Medical Records 5.02/staff
Office of the Chief of Hospital 5.02/staff
Laundry and Linen Area 5.02/staff
Maintenance and Linen Area 5.02/staff
Parking Area for Transport Vehicle 9.29
Supply Room 5.02/staff
Waste Holding Room 4.65
Dietary
Dietitian Area 5.02/staff
Supply Receiving Area 4.65
Cold and Dry Storage Area 4.65
Food Preparation Area 4.65
Cooking and Baking Area 4.65
Serving and Food Assembly Area 4.65
Washing Area 4.65
Garbage Disposal area 1.67
Dining Area 1.40/person
Toilet 1.67
Cadaver Holding Room 7.43/bed
Clinical Service
Emergency Room
Waiting Area 0.65/person
Toilet 1.67
Nurse Station 5.02/staff
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Observation Area 7.43/bed
Equipment and Supply Storage Area 4.65
Wheeled Stretcher Area 1.08/stretcher
Outpatient Department
Waiting Area 0.65/person
Toilet 1.67
Admitting and Records Area 5.02/staff
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Consultation Area 5.02/staff
Surgical and Obstetrical Service
Major Operating Room 33.45
Delivery Room 33.45
Sub-Sterilizing Area 4.65
Sterile Instrument, Supply and Storage Area 4.65
Scrub-Up area 4.65
Clean-Up Area 4.65
Dressing Room 2.32
Toilet 1.67
Nurse Station 5.02/staff
Wheeled Stretcher Area 1.08/stretcher
Janitor's Closet 3.9
Nursing Unit
Semi Private Room with Toilet 7.43/bed
Patient Room 7.43/bed
Toilet 1.67
Isolation Room with Toilet 9.29
Nurse Station 7.43/bed
Treatment and Medication Area with Lavatory/Sink
Central Sterilizing and Supply Room
Receiving and Releasing Area 5.02/staff
Work Area 5.02/staff
Sterilizing Room 4.65
Sterile Supply Storage Area 4.65
Nursing Service
Office of the Chief Nurse 5.02/staff
Ancillary Service
Primary Clinical Laboratory
Clinical Work Area with Lavatory/Sink 10
Pathologist Area 5.02/staff
Toilet 1.67
Radiology
X-Ray Room With Control Booth, Dressing Area and
Toilet 14
Dark Room 4.65
Film File Storage Area 4.65
Radiologist Area 5.02/staff
Pharmacy 15
Notes:
1. 0.65/person Unit area per person occupying the space at one time
2. 5.02/staff Work area per staff that includes space for one (1) desk and one (1) chair,
3. 1.40/person Unit area per person occupying the space at one time
4. 7.43/bed Clear floor area per bed that includes space for one (1) bed, space for
5. 1.08/stretcher Clear floor area per stretcher that includes space for one (1) stretcher
Architectural Theories: Bioclimatic and Biophilic Architecture
Bioclimatic architecture is defined as an architecture which has a connection with
nature, it is about a building that takes into account the climate and environmental conditions
to favor thermal comfort inside. This architecture seeks perfect cohesion between design and
natural elements (such as the sun, wind, rain and vegetation), leading us to an optimization of
resources.
which buildings are built for maximum performance with the least impact.
The efficacy and moderation in the use of construction materials, giving priority to low
The reduction of energy consumption for heating, cooling, lighting and equipment,
The minimization of the building overall energy balance, covering the design,
of buildings.
Green 45 Thessaloniki, Domotechniki S.A.
architecture and expresses a new approach of building design in city centers. The design
emphasizes particularly on the study and use of climatic conditions of the surrounding area and
orientation of the plot, use of solar energy and optimization of microclimate. It focuses on
energy saving techniques and use of harmless for human and environment renewable
materials.
The building is divided into two volumes with large glass surfaces, in order to enhance
the natural lighting and ventilation in all interior spaces. Moreover, splitting the building
volume ensures a different understanding of the relationship between private and public areas.
The strong presence of plants at terraces, facades and roofs create great conditions of thermal
and visual comfort, help in the reduction of emissions and increase humidity and natural
ventilation. This green scenery is achieved by metal frames surrounding the two volumes,
which hold suspended pots with trees, climbing plants and creepers.
The construction is being made of environmentally friendly materials that are
recyclable, require little energy for their production and are relatively durable. The choice of
materials and the light coloring of the surfaces will further improve the insulation and lighting
of interiors at the lower floors through reflection. The design provided external shading of the
glass surfaces from the direct insulation, with the use of movable wooden panels supported on
metal frames, thermal insulation of the building envelope, the installation of ceiling fans and
natural cross-ventilation. Enhanced thermal insulation of the building envelope combined with
the presence of a considerable internal building mass, due to heavy construction of reinforced
concrete and masonry from probation block elements, contribute to mitigating the extent of
internal temperature differences during the days 24 hours, resulting in the desired thermal
http://domotechniki.gr/en/?portfolio_page=green-45
Example of Bioclimatic Architecture
Lyons Part-Dieu shopping center focuses on improving the buildings relationship with
the surrounding urban fabric by introducing a more porous facade and welcoming green space.
New landscaped walkways and visible green space extend the public realm from the street level
to the complex, which will offer its landscaped roofs as publicly accessible parks. The shopping
surrounding facilities, such as the library and the Part-Dieu train station.
The mall facade will also receive a major facelift. The formerly beige concrete panels will
be painted with a dirt-repelling white coating. Panels will be carefully removed in certain areas
of the building and reused to clad the new extensions; a glazed facade will replace the areas
where paneling is removed to evoke the appearance that the panels are evaporating. The
glazed areas also promote a sense of permeability and transparency, and allow natural light to
the public can meet and relax; a quality that is currently missing in this area, said MVRDV co-
founder Winy Maas. By rearranging the programed, we create an urban platform that is
somewhere between tranquil park and vibrant market square, recreating an atmosphere
inspired by the Lyon river side. Restaurants, cafes, and bars will be accessible from the
http://inhabitat.com/french-architects-unveil-exciting-inside-out-design-for-a-bio-climatic-office-building/
Biophilic Architecture
Biophilic Design is an innovative way of designing the places where we live, work, and learn. We
need nature in a deep and fundamental fashion, but we have often designed our cities and
suburbs in ways that both degrade the environment and alienate us from nature. The recent
trend in green architecture has decreased the environmental impact of the built environment,
but it has accomplished little in the way of reconnecting us to the natural world, Together, we
will encounter buildings that connect people and nature - hospitals where patients heal faster.
Example of Biophilic Architecture
It is is designed to be patient-friendly. The building uses 30% less energy. "Fins" along the
building's walls are designed to channel the prevailing north-east winds into the building.
Sunshades over the windows protect patients from the direct glare of sunlight. The shades also
re-direct light towards the ceiling to enhance the brightness of the wards and save on the use of
energy. Large fans in public areas are powered by solar panels on the roof.
DESIGN CONCEPT
University of San Agustin
Department of Architecture
Submitted by:
&
Anbon Q. Santillana
Arch 5B
Submitted to:
2016