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Calculation of Induced Sheath Voltages in Power Cables - Single Circuit System Versus Double Circuit System
Calculation of Induced Sheath Voltages in Power Cables - Single Circuit System Versus Double Circuit System
2 113
Abstract
1 INTRODUCTION
In concentric metallic sheaths of single-core high voltage power cables induced
voltages occur. In the steady state, these voltages may reach value of several hundred
volts and electric shock risk exists then. In case of earth fault, induced sheath voltages
are much higher, even several kilovolts, and breakdown of non-metallic outer sheath of
cables may occur [17].
For a conductor k lying parallel with a three phase system (three conductors)
a voltage gradient Uk induced along its length can be calculated as follows
1 m m 3 mCk ,
U k j I 2 10 7 ln Ak Ck j ln (1)
2 mBk 2 mAk
where: I load current in the reference cable conductor (phase B), mAk axial spacing
of the parallel k conductor and phase A conductor, mAk axial spacing of the parallel k
conductor and phase B conductor, mAk axial spacing of the parallel k conductor and
phase C conductor.
A high voltage cable system can be represented by the structure drawn in Fig. 1 [1].
114 Calculation of Induced Sheath Voltages in Power Cables Single Circuit System
U1
Conductor 1
I1 R1 X1
U2
Conductor 2
I2 R2 X2
Un
Conductor n
In Rn Xn
Local earth Local earth
Figure 1 Equivalent scheme of a high voltage cable system: R1,2,n resistance of the
conductors, X1,2,n reactance of the conductors, RLE resistance to earth, I1,2,n current
in the conductors, IE earth current, Uepr earth potential rise [1]
A cable sheath may be considered as a special parallel concentric conductor.
When in the vicinity of the system is no other current-carrying conductors, voltage
gradients of the sheaths for a group of cables in any formation are given by [8]
1 2mAB 2
3 2mAC , (2)
U As j I 2 10 7 ln j ln
2 d mAC 2 d
1 4m m 3 mBC ,
U Bs j I 2 10 7 ln AB BC j ln (3)
2 d2 2 mAB
1 2mBC
2
j 3 ln 2mAC ,
U Cs j I 2 10 7 ln (4)
2 d m 2 d
AC
where: UAs, UBs, UCs, induced sheath voltages in phase A, B and C respectively, I
load current in the reference cable conductor, d geometric mean sheath diameter, mAB
axial spacing of phases A and B, mBC axial spacing of phases B and C, mAC axial
spacing of phases A and C.
For trefoil formation in single circuit, induced sheath voltages are calculated
according to the following equations
1 3 2m
U As j I 2 10 7 j ln , (5)
2 2 d
2m ,
U Bs j I 2 10 7 ln (6)
d
Journal of Information, Control and Management Systems, Vol. 12, (2014), No. 2 115
1 3 2m ,
U Cs j I 2 10 7 j ln (7)
2 2 d
where: UAs, UBs, UCs, induced sheath voltages in phase A, B and C respectively, I
load current in the reference cable conductor, d geometric mean sheath diameter, m
axial spacing of adjacent cables.
When flat formation in single circuit is applied, induced sheath voltages are
calculated according to the following equations
1 m 3 4m ,
U As j I 2 10 7 ln j ln (8)
2 d 2 d
2m ,
U Bs j I 2 10 7 ln (9)
d
1 m 3 4m
U Cs j I 2 10 7 ln j ln . (10)
2 d 2 d
For multiple-circuit system the calculations are more complicated and a computer
model of the power cable system must be designed. The more parallel circuits the more
complicated calculation is.
Induced sheath voltages exist during normal operating condition (long time
duration of induced voltages) and in case of earth fault (short time duration of induced
voltages). These voltages should not exceed values described by the standards.
Figure 2 presents permissible values of touch voltage as a function of fault duration
[9]. For normal operating condition, 80 V is assumed as a permissible value.
800
Permissible touch voltage (V)
700
600
500
400
300
200
100 80 V
0
0,05 0,1 0,2 0,5 1 2 5 10 >> 10
Fault duration (s)
single point bonding or, for sheath voltages limiting purpose, cross-bonding is applied
and analysed. The proposed configuration of the power cable system is indicated.
Cross-bonding
C1 Sh1 T1 (A), 500 m T1 (B), 500 m
C2 Sh2 D
ECC D ECC
C3 Sh3
Ush
E1 E2
A B C A B C
Figure 3 The power cable system with one cable per phase
Cross-bonding
C1 Sh1 T1 (A), 500 m T1 (B), 500 m
C2 Sh2 D
ECC D ECC
C3 Sh3
Configurations: W3a, W4a, W4b
Ush
2D
E1 E2
Cross-bonding
C1 Sh1 T2 (A), 500 m T2 (B), 500 m
C2 Sh2 D
ECC D ECC
C3 Sh3
Ush
E1 E2
A B C A B C
Figure 4 The power cable system with two cables per phase
Journal of Information, Control and Management Systems, Vol. 12, (2014), No. 2 117
The cable systems described above are equipped with an earth continuity
conductor (ECC). Various configurations of earthing and bonding of cables were
assumed (Table 1).
Table 1 List and symbols of the analyzed configurations
Symbol of analysed configuration
Type of bonding and earthing One cable per Two cables per
phase phase
Sheaths bonding and earthing in E1, cross-
W5a W3a
bonding in E2
Single-point bonding; sheaths bonding and
W6a W4a
earthing in E1
Single-point bonding; sheaths bonding and
W6b W4b
earthing in E2
a)
75
Induced sheath voltage (V)
70
65
60
55
50
45
1
Loa 315
d cu 0.9
rre 310
nt u
nifo 0.8
rmi 305 W)
ty ( ility (M
IIm 0.7 apab
sfer c
300
in /I
r tran
Powe
ma )
x
118 Calculation of Induced Sheath Voltages in Power Cables Single Circuit System
b)
130
110
100
90
80
1
Loa 315
d cu 0.9
rre
nt u 310
nifo )
rmi 0.8 305 ity (M
W
ty ( pabil
IIm 0.7 300 s fer ca
in /I r tran
ma )
x Powe
c)
65
Induced sheath voltage (V)
60
55
50
45
40
1
Loa
d cu 315
rre 0.9
nt u 310
nifo W)
rmi 0.8 305 it y (M
ty ( pabil
IIm s f er c a
r tran
in /I 0.7 300
ma )
x Powe
Unfortunately, for an arrangement of the power system with one cable per phase
(configurations W5a, W6a, W6b with total number of result 36 = 18; overlapped
too) all results are above the line indicating 80 V (Fig. 6). In some cases the voltage
exceeds even 200 V. The calculation results indicate that the arrangement with two
cables per phase is better than with one cable per phase.
A second step of the analysis is to find such a type of bonding and earthing in two
cable power system which gives maximum power transfer capability, acceptable
induced sheath voltages (not higher than 80 V) and high uniformity of load current in
Journal of Information, Control and Management Systems, Vol. 12, (2014), No. 2 119
the cable conductors. Figure 7 presents induced sheath voltages for the most favourable
configurations.
a)
110
100
95
90
85
80
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
b)
200
Induced sheath voltage (V)
180
160
140
120
100
80
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Power transfer capability (MW)
c)
105
Induced sheath voltage (V)
100
95
90
85
80
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Power transfer capability (MW)
These are the configurations: W3a (sheaths bonding and earthing in E1, cross-
bonding in E2) and W4b (single-point bonding; sheaths bonding and earthing in E2).
Figure 7 also includes detailed information about phase sequence in particular circuit
(e.g. ABC/CBA phase sequence in circuit T1 is ABC, phase sequence in circuit T2 is
CBA) and induced sheath voltage in particular cable metallic sheath (e.g. W3a(T1C1)
induced voltages in circuit T1 and conductor C1 for configuration W3a).
a)
Phase sequence in section
ABC/CBA ACB/BCA BAC/CAB BCA/ACB CAB/BAC CBA/ABC
80
Induced sheath voltage (V)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
W3a(T1C1) W3a(T1C2) W3a(T1C3) W3a(T2C1) W3a(T2C2) W3a(T2C3)
Type of configuration and symbol of section
b)
Phase sequence in section
ABC/CBA ACB/BCA BAC/CAB BCA/ACB CAB/BAC CBA/ABC
80
Induced sheath voltage (V)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
W4b(T1C1) W4b(T1C2) W4b(T1C3) W4b(T2C1) W4b(T2C2) W4b(T2C3)
Figure 7 Induced sheath voltages in normal operating conditions for the preferred
configurations of cables: a) configuration W3a sheaths bonding and earthing in E1,
cross-bonding in E2, b) configuration W4b single-point bonding; sheaths bonding
and earthing in E2
Journal of Information, Control and Management Systems, Vol. 12, (2014), No. 2 121
a)
10000
9500
Induced sheath voltage (V)
9000
8500
8000
7500
7000
6500
6000
5500
5000
1 2 3 4 5 6
Variant number of phase sequence
b)
12000
Induced sheath voltage (V)
11000
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
1 2 3 4 5 6
Variant number of phase sequence
122 Calculation of Induced Sheath Voltages in Power Cables Single Circuit System
c)
5700
5500
5400
5300
5200
5100
5000
1 2 3 4 5 6
Variant number of phase sequence
a)
6600
6400
Induced sheath voltage (V)
6200
6000
5800
5600
5400
5200
5000
0 6 12 18 24 30 36
Variant number of phase sequence
b)
8000
Induced sheath voltage (V)
7500
7000
6500
6000
5500
5000
0 6 12 18 24 30 36
Variant number of phase sequence
Journal of Information, Control and Management Systems, Vol. 12, (2014), No. 2 123
c)
3950
3900
Comparison of Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 allows to state that the arrangement with one
cable per phase (configurations W5a, W6a, W6b) gives the values of induced sheath
voltages higher than 5 kV. The worst case is for the arrangement W6a (Fig. 8b), where
induced voltages exceed 11 kV. Sheath voltage limiters are necessary then. For the
arrangement with two cables per phase one configuration W4b (Fig. 9c) gives
induced voltages not higher than 5 kV. This is the preferred configuration of cables.
Figure 10 includes detailed information about phase sequence in particular circuit and
induced sheath voltage in particular cable metallic sheath.
In case of short-circuit the most favourable configuration is W4b the same as in
normal operating condition.
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
W4b(T1C1) W4b(T1C2) W4b(T1C3) W4b(T2C1) W4b(T2C2) W4b(T2C3)
Type of configuration and symbol of section
Figure 10 Induced sheath voltages in case of earth fault for the most favourable
configuration of cables: configuration W4b single-point bonding; sheaths bonding
and earthing in E2
124 Calculation of Induced Sheath Voltages in Power Cables Single Circuit System
5 CONCLUSIONS
Computer-aided calculation of the induced sheath voltages in power cable system
allows finding the optimal configuration of the system, with covering technical and
economic aspects. In the considered cases the preferred configuration is the
configuration W4b (two cables per phase, single-point bonding; sheaths bonding and
earthing in E2). This configuration gives acceptable values of induced sheath voltages
and the highest power transfer capability. Power system with two cables per phase,
instead of single cable system with large cross-section of conductor, should be
recommended.
REFERENCES
[1] CIGRE, Working group B1.18, Special bonding of high voltage power cables,
October 2005.
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