Simple Continuous
Moment specificat Moment nespecificat
(+) VbII-ed
Past
(?) Did + S + VbI
-
( ) S + didnt + VbI
O actiune terminata care s-a petrecut
intr-un moment bine determinat in trecut.
-> last month, year, Tuesday
-> a month ago (ago se pune la sfarsit)
-> 1984, in spring
I worked.
We visited Vintage Pub last Friday
(+) Vb +-s (p.III sg. +-es)
Present
(?) Do (p.III sg Does) + S + VbI
-
( ) S + dont (p.III sg doesnt) + VbI
!
Rutina, frecvent, obisnuit, repetat
-> always, often, sometimes, usualy, rarely,
never, ever, in the morning, in spring
I always drink CC.
I go to school every week.
Situatii permanante
I live in Bucharest. I work for CC.
Adevaruri generale (stiinta)
The Earth spins. Water contains H and O.
Activitati dintr-un orar/program oficial
(tabel)
-> program, orar, mersul trenurilor
The movie starts at 3PM.
The train to Cta. leaves at 5AM.
Trecut evocat in prezent
Napoleon conquers the land and settles in..
Perfect simple
(+) S + was/were + VbI-ing
Vb-ING Vb-ED Vb-ING
(?) Was/Were + S + VbI-ing
-
( ) S + wasnt/werent + VbI-ing
O actiune in desfasurare intr-un moment
exact din trecut
-> at 5, yesterday, 2 minutes ago
act. lunga (while) -> past cont,
act. scurta (when) -> past simple
While I was cooking, she arrived.
I was travelling to my colleague when the
proffesor came.
O actiune in desfasurare simultan cu o
alta alta actiune in desfasurare.
Abele vor avea acelasi timp
While I was cooking, my friend was playing
football.
Vb-ING Vb-ED Vb-ING
(+) S + am/is/are + VbI-ing
(?) Am/Is/Are + S + VbI-ing
-
( ) S + am not/isnt/arent + VbI-ing
Actiuni in desfasurare acum
-> now, at this moment
I am learning. I am learning (now). (dedus)
Situatii temporare/intr-o perioada de timp
determinata
-> this week, month, year, semester, today
I live in Buch, but this week I am living in Cta.
Actiuni care se desfasoara intr-o perioada
de timp care include prezentul
I am studying psychology three years.
Activitate viitoare pe care am pregatit-o,
planuri personale
-> today, tonight, tomorrow, next year, month
I am watching a movie tonight.
Actiuni deranjante/iritante pentru vorbitor
You are drinking too much.
Exceptii -se folosesc doar la present simple
-> de perceptie, senzatie, activitate mentala -
abhor, adore, astonish, believe, desire, detest,
dislike, doubt, feel, forgive, guess, hate, hear,
imagine, impress, intend, know, like, love, etc.
I love fruits.
-> de relatie si posesie - be, belong to, concern,
consist of, contain, cost, depend on, deserve,
equal, owe, etc.
My brother owes me a book.
Perfect continuous
(+) S + had + VbIII-ed
(?) Had + S + VbIII-ed
-
( ) S + hadnt + VbIII-ed
O actiune trecuta, care s-a petrecut
inaintea alateia tot in trecut sau a unui
moment anume in trecut.
-> just, already, by, hardly, scarcely
By 12 o clock the cleaning lady had aired
all the rooms in the hotel.
Cauza unui efect trecut
Why did the window break? Because he
had thrown a stone at it.
Cu expresii/cuvinte ca: no sooner, than
(+) S + have/has + VbIII-ed
(?) Have/Has + S + VbIII-ed
-
( ) S + havent/hasnt + VbIII-ed
O actiune incheiata, petrecuta intr-o
perioada nespecificata din trecut
I have met my friends.
We have learned.
O actiune incheiata recent cu rezultate in
prezent
-> just, already
I have just eaten.(deduc ca nu iti este foame)
I have never learned English.
O actiune inceputa in trecut si continuata
pana in prezent
-> for (per: 4 months), since (punct fix: 1953),
so far, until now
I have worked as a teacher for 7 years.
I have learned english since 2005.
I have known him for 5 years.
Experienta/non-experienta
-> ever, never
I have eaten sushi three times.
Have you ever been to Australia?
(+) S + had been + VbI-ing
(?) Had + S + been + VbI-ing
-
( ) S + hadnt been + VbI-ing
O actiune de durata care s-a petrecut
neintrerupt pana la un moment dat in
trecut.
-> by the time, since, for, before.
They had been working for over an hour until
the bus came.
Arata efectul unei actiuni intamplate in
trecut
Marc was tired because he had been working
for a project all night long
(+) S + have been + VbI-ing
(?) Have + S + been + VbI-ing
-
( ) S + havent been + VbI-ing
O actiune inceputa in trecut si care
continua in momntul vorbirii
She has been studying English for 2 years.
O actiune repetata sau pentru accentaurea
unei actiuni care s-a petrecut recent
I have been trying to talk to her for a week
but shes never at home.
You look tired! What have you been doing?
 Simple
Future
(+) S + will + VbI
(?) Will + S + VbI
-
( ) S + will not/wont + VbI
Exprima actiuni in viitor care fac parte
dintr-un program (peste care nu putem
avea control)
Next term begins at 8 January
The match starts at 5 P.M.
Decizii luate pe moment, spontane
Look at the sky. It is going to rain soon
Promisiuni, amenintari, cereri, sperante
I will never tell you anything
Previziuni despre viitor
I believe she will be a great politician one day
Exprima actiuni viitoare in prop.
circumstantiale de timp introduse prin:
when, till, until, as long etc
As long as he keeps playing well, hell keep
winning matches.
Ill open the window when it stops raining.
Going to future
Planuri, intentii pentru viitor
I am going to travel to Spain one day.
Predictii bazate pe ceea ce stim sau ce
vedem
Look at the sky. It is going to rain soon
Actiuni la care ne-am hotarat deja sa le
facem in viitorul apropiat
We are going to visit our relatives in the
weekend.
-> tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon,
next week, in a week, month
Future-in-the-past
(+) S + would + VbI
(?) Would + S + VbI
-
( ) S + would not + VbI
Se foloseste in prop. secundare (prop.
principala fiind la timpuri trecute) si exprima
o actiune care la un anumit moment din
trecut era considerata ca viitoare dar care
din punct de vedere al momentului vorbiri
reprezinta o actiune trecuta
I decided / that I would find a new job /.
- prop principala, - prob. secundara
Continuous
Moment specificat
(+) S + will be + VbI-ing
Vb-ING Vb-ED Vb-ING
(?) Will + S + be + VbI-ing
-
( ) S + will not/wont be + VbI-ing
O actiune in desfasurare intr-un moment
exact din viitor
-> tomorrow, by this time tomorrow
This time tomorrow Ill be swimming.
What you will be doing this time next year?
Actiuni care vor avea loc in viitor ca
urmare a unei actiuni de rutina sau unui
aranjament
Do not interrupt her now. She will be
signing a contract.
(+) S + would be + VbI-ing
Vb-ING
(?) Would + S + be + VbI-ing
-
( ) S + would not be + VbI-ing
Se foloseste in prop. secundare pentru a
exprima o actiune care fata de un anumit
moment din trecut era considerata viitoare
si se desfasura (sau urma sa se desfasoare)
pentru o anumita perioada de timp, dar care,
fata de momentul vorbirii reprezinta o
actiune trecuta
In 2012 I decided / that I would be traveling
around the world the next year /.
- prop principala, - prob. secundara
Perfect simple Perfect continuous
Moment nespecificat
(+) S + will have been + VbI-ing
(+) S + will have + VbIII-ed
(?) Will + S + have + VbIII-ed
-
( ) S + will not/wont have + VbIII-ed
O actiune care se petrece inaintea unui
moment din viitor.
(?) Will + S + have been + VbI-ing
-
( ) S + will not have been + VbI-ing
O actiune de durata (precizata) care s-a
petrecut neintrerupt pana la un moment dat
-> by the time, after, until, by in viitor.
She will have returned home by Thursday -> by the time, since, for, before.
evening. Tomorrow at 7 I will have been sleeping for
When we see Tom next year, he will have 10 hours.
gradulated high school.
Corespondenta cu viitorul
1. Ptr a exprima o actiune viitoare simultana
sau ulterioara unei alte actiuni viitoare din
propozitia principala, in propozitia secundara
temporara se foloseste timpul prezent simplu.
Ill give you the book / when we meet /.
Ill give you the book / before we meet /.
2. Ptr. a exprima o actiune viitoare anterioara
unei alte actiuni viitoare din propozitia
principala, in propozitia secundara temporara
se foloseste timpul present perfect
Ill give you the book / after we have meet /.
Adrian SIMA
@2013