Definition of Fourier Transform

The forward and inverse Fourier Transform are defined for aperiodic
signal as:
Lecture 10

Fourier Transform
(Lathi 7.1-7.3)

Already covered in Year 1 Communication course (Lecture 5).

Fourier series is used for periodic signals.
Peter Cheung
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Imperial College London

URL: www.ee.imperial.ac.uk/pcheung/teaching/ee2_signals
E-mail: p.cheung@imperial.ac.uk
L7.1 p678

PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 1 PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 2

Connection between Fourier Transform and Laplace

Transform
Define three useful functions

Compare Fourier Transform:
A unit rectangular window (also called a unit gate) function rect(x):

With Laplace Transform:

Setting s = j in this equation yield:
A unit triangle function (x):

Is it true that: ?

Yes only if x(t) is absolutely integrable, i.e. has finite energy:

Interpolation function sinc(x):
or
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PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 3 PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 4
 More about sinc(x) function Fourier Transform of x(t) = rect(t/)

sinc(x) is an even function of x.
Evaluation:

sinc(x) = 0 when sin(x) = 0
except when x=0, i.e. x = ,
2, 3..
Since rect(t/) = 1 for -/2 < t < /2 and 0 otherwise

sinc(0) = 1 (derived with
LHpitals rule)

sinc(x) is the product of an
oscillating signal sin(x) and a
monotonically decreasing
function 1/x. Therefore it is a Bandwidth 2/
damping oscillation with period
of 2 with amplitude decreasing
as 1/x.

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PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 5 PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 6

Fourier Transform of unit impulse x(t) = (t) Inverse Fourier Transform of ()

Using the sampling property of the impulse, we get:
Using the sampling property of the impulse, we get:

IMPORTANT Unit impulse contains COMPONENT AT EVERY FREQUENCY.
Spectrum of a constant (i.e. d.c.) signal x(t)=1 is an impulse 2().

or

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PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 7 PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 8
 Inverse Fourier Transform of ( - 0) Fourier Transform of everlasting sinusoid cos 0t

Using the sampling property of the impulse, we get:
Remember Euler formula:

Use results from slide 9, we get:

Spectrum of an everlasting exponential ej0t is a single impulse at =0.

Spectrum of cosine signal has two impulses at positive and negative
frequencies.

or

and

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PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 9 PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 10

Fourier Transform of any periodic signal Fourier Transform of a unit impulse train

Fourier series of a periodic signal x(t) with period T0 is given by: Consider an impulse train




T (t ) = (t nT0 )
0

The Fourier series of this impulse train can be shown to be:

2 1
T (t ) = Dn e jn t where 0 =
0
and Dn =
Take Fourier transform of both sides, we get: T0 T0
0

Therefore using results from the last slide (slide 11), we get:

This is rather obvious!

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PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 11 PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 12
 Fourier Transform Table (1) Fourier Transform Table (2)

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PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 13 PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 14

Fourier Transform Table (3)

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PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 15