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INTRODUCTION
When a liquid is placed in an open vessel, it slowly escapes into gas phase, eventually leaving the vessel
empty. This phenomenon is known as evaporation. Evaporation of liquids can be explained in terms of
kinetic molecular model. Although there are strong inter-molecular attractive forces which hold
molecules of a liquid together, the molecules having sufficient kinetic energy can escape into gas phase if
such molecules happen to come near the surface. In a sample of liquid all the molecules do not have
same kinetic energy. There is a small fraction of molecules which have enough kinetic energy to
overcome the attractive forces and escape into gas phase.
Evaporation causes cooling. This is due to the reason that the molecules, which undergo evaporation, are
high-energy molecules; therefore the kinetic energy of molecules which are left behind is less. Since the
remaining molecules have lower average kinetic energy therefore, temperature must be lower. If the
temperature is kept constant the remaining liquid will have the same distribution of molecular kinetic
energies and the high-energy molecule will keep on escaping from the liquid into the gas phase. If the
liquid is taken in an open vessel, evaporation will continue until whole of the liquid evaporates.
REQUIREMENTS
Apparatus:
10 ml pipette
Stop watch
Chemicals:
Acetone
Benzene
Chloroform
PROCEDURE
Uncover all the three petridishes simultaneously and start the stop-watch.
Note the respective time when the liquids evaporate completely from each petridish.
OBSERVATIONS
Petridish Mark
Liquid Taken
A Acetone 53 min
B Benzene 42 min
C Chloroform 30 min
CONCLUSION
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