(a + b)(a b) = a2 b2

(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)

(a b)2 = a2 + b2 2ab

(a + b + c + d)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + 2(ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd)

(a b)3 = a3 b3 3ab(a b)

(a b)(a2 + b2 m ab) = a3 b3

(a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 -ab bc ca) = a3 + b3 + c3 3abc =

1/2 (a + b + c)[(a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2]

when a + b + c = 0, a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc

(x + a)(x + b) (x + c) = x3 + (a + b + c) x2 + (ab + bc + ac)x + abc

(x a)(x b) (x c) = x3 (a + b + c) x2 + (ab + bc + ac)x abc

a4 + a2b2 + b4 = (a2 + ab + b2)( a2 ab + b2)

a4 + b4 = (a2 2ab + b2)( a2 + 2ab + b2)

an + bn = (a + b) (a n-1 a n-2 b + a n-3 b2 a n-4 b3 +.. + b n-1)(valid only if n is

odd)

an bn = (a b) (a n-1 + a n-2 b + a n-3 b2 + a n-4 b3 + + b n-1){were n N)

(a b)2n is always positive while -(a b)2n is always negative, for any real values
of a and b

(a b)2n = (b a)2 and (a b)2n+1 = (b a)2n+1

if and are the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, roots of cx + bx + a = 0

are 1/ and 1/.

if and are the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, roots of ax2 bx + c = 0 are

- and -.

19. n(n + l)(2n + 1) is always divisible by 6.

20. 32n leaves remainder = 1 when divided by 8

 21. n3 + (n + 1 )3 + (n + 2 )3 is always divisible by 9

22. 102n + 1 + 1 is always divisible by 11

23. n(n2- 1) is always divisible by 6

24. n2+ n is always even

25. 23n-1 is always divisible by 7

26. 152n-1 +l is always divisible by 16

27. n3 + 2n is always divisible by 3

28. 34n 4 3n is always divisible by 17

29. n! + 1 is not divisible by any number between 2 and n(where n! = n (n l)

(n 2)(n 3).3.2.1)

30. for eg 5! = 5.4.3.2.1 = 120 and similarly 10! = 10.9.8.2.1= 3628800

31. Product of n consecutive numbers is always divisible by n!.

32. If n is a positive integer and p is a prime, then np n is divisible by p.

33. |x| = x if x 0 and |x| = x if x 0.

34. Minimum value of a2.sec2 + b2.cosec2 is (a + b)2; (0 < < 90)for

eg. minimum value of 49 sec2 + 64.cosec2 is (7 +2 = 225.

35. among all shapes with the same perimeter a circle has the largest area.

36. if one diagonal of a quadrilateral bisects the other, then it also

bisects the quadrilateral.

37. sum of all the angles of a convex quadrilateral = (n 2)180

38. number of diagonals in a convex quadrilateral = 0.5n(n 3)

39. let P, Q are the midpoints of the nonparallel sides BC and AD of a

trapezium ABCD.Then,
APD = CQB.