Reliability Index Analysis of Gas and Steam Power
Plant using Graph Theory
Aninda Maharani, Isti Surjandari, Amar Rachman
Department of Industrial Engineering
Universitas Indonesia
Kampus Baru UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia
aninda.maharani@yahoo.com, isti@ie.ui.ac.id, amar@ie.ui.ac.id
AbstractIn the power system, reliability is an important
concern to arrange maintenance plan and reduce maintenance
cost. Many of studies were conducted in order to analyze and
calculate the reliability of power system and in this study,
reliability analysis of gas and steam power plant was conducted
using graph theory approach. The power plant system was
divided into fifteen systems based on daily report and work order
from 2012 2015. Then System Structure Graph (SSG) and
system reliability graph were determined in order to obtain
system reliability matrix and reliability permanent function. This
study gave result that the value of reliability index for gas and
steam power plant was 0.6912 with the highest reliability of
0.8451 was came from permutation group 7.
Keywordsrelaibility index; graph theory; gas and steam
power plant; system reliability matrix; system reliability permanent
function
I. INTRODUCTION
The increasing of electricity consumption that caused by
economic development in Indonesia makes the government and
Independent Power Producer (IPP) should cooperate each other
to fulfill electricity power needs before electricity crisis in
2018.
Electrification ratio for Java-Bali Island based on the
business plan of PT. PLN (Persero) 2015-2024 is 83.2% in
2013 (Fig. 1) and 16.8% of consumers have not got full access
to electricity. In this case, consumer satisfying can not be
fulfilled because the lack of electricity supply still finds in
some region and it associate to adequacy concept in system
reliability. Based on PT. PJB data in 2008-2012, the biggest
average of installed power is generated by gas and steam power
plant and to maintain the availability of power supply for
consumers, it makes gas and steam power plant become a
critical object to identify.
Fig. 1 Electrification ratio in 2009-2013
A power plant that combines two thermodynamics cycle in
generating electricity power is gas and steam power plant. This
combination makes it as a complex system and becomes hard
to observe and identify. One of solution to simplifying its
complexity is graph theory because this method is an analytical
approach that leads to simplify such a huge system. Grap
theory is a study of a graph which mathematical structure used
to make a model of pairwise relation between objects.
Reliability index development for combined cycle power
plant already conducted by Dev et al. [1]. He used graph theory
approach to simplify combined cycle power plant by divide it
into six subsystems. Mohan et al. [2], also used graph theory to
find reliability index of the steam power plant. To evaluate
maintainability of the mechanical system (refrigerator and air
conditioner), Singh et al. [3] also used graph theory in the
design phase of the subsystem to improve system
maintainability and find out performance comparison for the
best mechanical system in the industry. Furthermore, graph
theory was used by Hendi and Shenava [4] to determine the
optimal amount of Failure Indicator (FI) with remote access for
reducing Customer Interruption Cost (CIC) and improve
reliability of the distribution network in Iran. Graph theory
actually can not directly obtain a mathematical model of a
system and relate to it, Mangara and Finkelstein [5] conducted
a study to compare which the best method can be used to
evaluate the reliability of steam power plant and their study
gave a result that adjacent matrix is the best method to yield the
best reliability.
Graph theory already applied in various areas such as
reliability calculation in power system and in this study
proposed reliability index calculation for gas and steam power
plant that contain of three Gas Turbine Generator (GTG) and
three Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) that it has not
been conducted in previous study. This system was divided into
fifteen subsystems by utilizing daily report and work order in
2012-2015 to obtain reliability index of gas and steam power
plant.
II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The first step in this study determined System Structure Graph
(SSG) and system reliability graph for gas and steam power
plant based on the division of the whole system into fifteen
main systems as seen in Figure 1. These systems division was
arranged according to maintenance expertise and several data,
such as technical drawing, unit map and work order.

Fig. 2 SSG of gas and steam power plant

B. System Reliability Graph

Fig. 1 Scheme of gas and steam power plant
Fig. 1 is the beginning of determining SSG and system
reliability graph in next step of analyzing reliability index for
gas and steam power plant.
System reliability graph is similar with SSG, the different is
each vertice represent reliability of fifteen system of gas and
steam power plant. In order to determine system reliability
graph of gas and steam power plant, SSG in Fig. 2 was used.
Fig. 3 represent system reliability graph of gas and steam
power plant where Ri describe reliability of system i and ri,j
describe reliability between system i and system j (indicated by
line with arrow).

A. System Structure Graph (SSG)

SSG is a graph that represents a complex system in order to
make a simplification map of the whole system. A graph G =
(V, E) is consist of V (vertices) as a point and E (edge) as a
line. There are many benefits in various areas given by concept
of a graph, such as topology, connectivity, routing and
scalability that is widely used for development of ad hoc
mobile network economically [6]. In this study, the SSG for
gas and steam has fifteen vertices (Si) and twenty three edges
(ci,j) as seen in Fig 2 and the description for each vertice is
shown in Table I.

TABLE I. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Fig. 3 System reliability graph of gas and steam power plant
Si Name of System Si Name of System
S1 Air compressor 1.1 S9 GTG 1.3 C. Variable Permanent System Reliability Matrix (VPM-r)
S2 Air compressor 1.2 S10 HRSG 1.1
The purpose of obtaining VPM-r is to convert system
S3 Air compressor 1.3 S11 HRSG 1.2 reliability graph into mathematical form. VPM-r consist of n x
S4 Combuster 1.1 S12 HRSG 1.3 n matrix with n is a number of vertices in system reliability
S5 Combuster 1.2 S13 STG graph and according to previous systems division, VPM-r in
this study is matrix 15 x 15. Fig. 4 represent VPM-r of gas and
S6 Combuster 1.3 S14 Condenser 1.0
steam power plant
S7 GTG 1.1 S15 Cooling water system
S8 GTG 1.2
 III. RESULT AND ANALYSIS
This section describes how the process of collecting and
processing data in the calculation of reliability index for gas
and steam power plant.

A. Real Time Reliability

The first step in doing a calculation of system reliability
for gas and steam power plant by determining of downtime
and MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) for each subsystem
Fig. 4 VPM-r of gas and steam power plant
based on the work order in 2012-2015.

Ri in Fig. 3 is reliability of main system i (1, 2, 3, , 15)

and ri,j is reliability between system i (1, 2, 3, , 15 ) and
system j (1, 2, 3, , 15) with i j.

D. Variable Permanent System Reliability Function (VPF-r)

Permanent function or VPF-r in this study, is a

mathematical form that can be used to determine reliability
index of a system. Permanent function is as standart function in
matrix and mathematic combination [7][8].

VPF-r in general form for the matrix A with n dimensions

where is a permutation of the whole scope of the system is as
follows.
per (A) =
From (1) overall permutation can be found because
permutation is a concept to arrange all members (systems) of a
set into some sequence in order to get better reliability for this
case of study.
For this gas and steam power plant, permutation group
formed were 5 groups (group 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13). The figure of
the three permutation groups is following.
Fig. 6 Work order of gas and steam power plant
(1)
Data in Fig. 6 can be used to determine downtime and
MTBF of each sub system, hereafter failure rate and failure
distribution () can be obtained.
The reliability of each subsystem can be obtained
through (2) by considering data distribution of the failure rate
in accordance with the pattern of exponential distribution.
(2)
(3)
(4)

From the calculation, system reliability of S 1 up to S15

can be obtained as shown in TABLE II.

TABLE II. RELIABILITY OF SYSTEM (SI)

Si System Reliability (Ri)
S1 Air compressor 1.1 1
S2 Air compressor 1.2 1
S3 Air compressor 1.3 1
S4 Combustor 1.1 1
S5 Combustor 1.2 1
S6 Combustor 1.3 1
S7 GTG 1.1 0.958128528
S8 GTG 1.2 0.901331314
S9 GTG 1.3 0.899744967
S10 HRSG 1.1 0.999107168
S11 HRSG 1.2 0.978648507
S12 HRSG 1.3 1
S13 STG 1.0 0.883609538
S14 Condenser 0.99916261
Fig. 5 Representation of VPF-r gas and steam power plant
 TABLE II. RELIABILITY OF SYSTEM (SI)
Si System Reliability (Ri)
S15 Cooling water system 1
Using work order 2012-2015 and the same step of IV. CONCLUSION
reliability calculations, the reliability between system i and Graph theory already applied to determine reliability
system j (ri,j) shown in TABLE III. index of gas and steam power plant for fifteen division of
systems. Matrix and permanent function concept used to find
TABLE III. RELIABILITY BETWEEN SYSTEM
the mathematical form for the existing system.
ri,j System i System j Reliability (ri,j) Reliability index for gas and steam power plant in this
r1,4 air compressor 1.1 - combustor 1.1 1 study was 0.6912 and the highest reliability 0.8451 obtained
r4,7 combustor 1.1 - GTG 1.1 0.933061 from permutation group 7. For further research, it can be
r7,10 GTG 1.1 - HRSG 1.1 1 continued to create maintenance prioritization according to
r10,4 HRSG 1.1 - combustor 1.1 1
permutation grouping formed.
r7,1 GTG 1.1- air compressor 1.1 1
r2,5 air compressor 1.2 - combustor 1.2 1
r5,8 combustor 1.2 - GTG 1.2 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
r8,11 GTG 1.2 - HRSG 1.2 1
r11,5 HRSG 1.2 - combustor 1.2 1 The authors would like to express our gratitude and
r8,2 GTG 1.2 - air compressor 1.2 1 appreciation to Universitas Indonesia for financing this
r3,6 air compressor 1.3 - combustor 1.3 1 study trough Thesis Research Grants for Indexed
r6,9 combustor 1.3 - GTG 1.3 1 International Publication (PITTA) Universitas Indonesia,
r9,12 GTG 1.3 - HRSG 1.3 1
No. 2132/UN2.R12/HKP.05.00 and PT. PJB UP Muara
r12,6 HRSG 1.3 - combustor 1.3 1
r9,3 GTG 1.3 - air compressor 1.3 1 Karang for sharing data needed in this study.
r10,13 HRSG 1.1 - STG 1.0 0.8366123
r11,13 HRSG 1.2 - STG 1.0 0.900911
r12,13 HRSG 1.3 - STG 1.0 0.877912 REFERENCES
r13,14 STG 1.0 - condenser 0.933358
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RTRI of gas and steam power plant is following.