Department of Electrical Engineering

College of Engineering

Final Year Project

Progress Report 3

THE IMPACT OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION IN

POWER SYSTEM NETWORK VOLTAGE
REGULATION AND LOSSES
NAME:

ID NO:

SUPERVISOR:

SUBMITTAL DATE: 10/7/2017

INTRODUCTION

Modelling and simulation results are parts of the progress in overall project works. This report will
demonstrate the modelling of distributed network using IEEE 14 buses and present the simulation
results using PSSE. The results presented are new stability voltage index and the weak generators
in the buses network. Apart from showing the results, the report also presents steps by steps to
build the model of distributed power system network and the steps by steps to run the simulation
in PSSE environment.

MODELLING OF DISTRIBUTED POWER SYSTEM NETWORK USING IEEE 14

BUSES
PSSE is a best solution to model a complex power system network. The modelling method is using
single line diagram where a designer can drag and drop the graphical representation of power
system components from the library into a workspace.
Before modelling of IEEE 14 buses, one should understand how to use the PSSE software.
Assuming PSSE version 14 is used and it has the window as shown in Figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1: PSSE window

To start the modelling of IEEE 14 buses, one should click on "File" and choose "New". Once the
dialog box appears (see Figure 3.2), choose "Network case and Diagram" and click "Ok".

Figure 3.2: Dialog box of New Project

Figure 3.3: Build New Case message box

After clicking on "OK", another dialog box called "Build New Case" will appear. In this dialog
box, change the base frequency from default 60 into 50. Then enter the title "IEEE 14 buses
distribution" in heading line 1 message box.
Click "Ok" again to access the main window of PSSE. In the new window, we can see "Diagram
1" and spreadsheet of "Network data".
 There are two methods to model the IEEE 14 buses distribution network: the first method is enter
the data into the "Network data" spreadsheet and sketch the diagram base on data in the
spreadsheet.
The second method is sketch the diagram first and ignore the data network in the spreadsheet.
While sketching a diagram, the information from the diagram will be recorded into the spreadsheet
automatically.
Compare the two methods, the second method is much easier than the first method. Therefore,
the sketching method will be used to build model the IEEE 14 buses of distribution network.
By looking into the "Diagram 1" window, one can see many control functions on top of the
working space.

Figure 3.4: Tools for sketching a single line power system network

Among all the functions, the sketching tools are the most important one. The sketching tools allow
user design a single line power system network. The tools comprise of bus, generator, load, shunt,
transmission line, circuit breaker and induction machine.
Note that, not all the tools used in the design and not all the components involve in the IEEE 14
bus distribution network.
 The important components involve in the IEEE 14 bus distribution design are generator, load,
transmission line and shunt component. Table 3.1 summarized the graphical components in the
tools to design a single line diagram of power system network.

TABLE 3.1: Graphical representation of power system components

Graphical components Name
Vertical bus diagram
Horizontal bus diagram
Transmission line
Circuit breaker
Load
Generator
Shunt component
Transformer

Using the above tools and functions in diagram 1 window, the IEEE 14 buses distribution network
is designed and shown in Figure 3.5.
Note that, the IEEE buses designed in such a way that there are five generators attached on the
left most buses. Each left most bus carries one generator. The generators produce a voltage and
this voltage is then distributed down to the rest of the buses network. The rest of the buses
comprises of circuit breakers, loads, step down transformers and shunt components. All the
components are randomly placed at the distribution network.
The initial voltages assigned to each generator is 100 kV with frequency of 50 Hz. All the voltage
initially assume no phase lagging.
The shunt components assigned in some of the buses are used to compensate the power factor
due to inductance loads. All loads are operate below the maximum rated power of the generators.
 Care should taken that for each component inserted into the sketching workspace, a message dialog

User should key in the values as indicate in Figure 3.6 for all the buses. For the generator, the
Figure 3.5: IEEE 14 buses system design to get the NSVI and power check on weak generator

detail of information is shown in Figure 3.7. For the transformer is shown in Figure 3.8.
1101
601
101 BUS 6
BUS 1
1 3 0 5 .7 -1 3 0 5 .7 1 0 6 3 .0 -1 0 0 0 .6
1

1 3 0 5 .7 6 0 .8
6 2 1 .6 -6 2 0 .7 246
22.60 .7 -6 2 0 .1
6 2 1 .6 R 0 .0
0 .0
1 .5
1 .6 7 4 .5

box will appear. This is shown in Figure 3.6 for the bus as an example.
1 .6 1 2 4 .6
1 5 5 .8 1201
701
102
BUS 2
1 2 5 9 .6 -7 9 4 .1
1 7 8 7 .7 -1 7 8 7 .7
1

9 3 3 .8 -4 6 85.2
4 .7
9 3 4 .5 -9 3 3 .8
1 7 8 7 .7 5 2 8 .1 0 .0
9 3 4 .5 R 0 .0 1 .4
2 .3 6 7 .6
1 8 3 .8 1301
2 .3 801
2 2 9 .8
201
BUS 3 1 1 3 4 .0 -1 1 3 4 .0
1 5 9 9 .2 -1 5 9 9 .2 2 2 9 9 .7 -2 2 9 9 .7
1

4 6 3 .2 9 2 .7
1 5 9 9 .2 2 3 0 9 .4 -2 3 0 7 .7
0 .0 0 .0
2 3 0 9 .4 R 2 .2
2 .2 1 0 7 .6
1 7 2 .2
1401
2 .2
901
301
BUS 4 2 6 8 .5
0 .0
1 5 8 8 .8 -1 5 808.0
.8
3 9 4 3 .6 -3 9 4 3 .6 0 .0
1

3 9 4 3 .6 4 7 2 .3 -4 7 2 .3
5 1 5 .9 -5 1 5 .2 2 3 5 6 .8
5 1 5 .9 R 4 .9
0 .0 2 4 2 .7
4 .9
4 .9 3 8 8 .4
58
4 051 .5
BUS 5 1001
4 8 8 5 .3
1 4 3 .7 R 4 8 8 5 .3 -4 8 8 5 .3
1

1
4 4 7 6 .2 0 .0
1 4 3 .7 -1 4 3 .1
0 .0 0 .0
6 .7
6 6 9 .0 6 .7
5 3 5 .2
Figure 3.6: Parameter setting for all the buses

Figure 3.7: Generator information

 Figure 3.8: Transformer information

For all the values key in, the PSSE will auto save them into "Network Data" spreadsheet. The data
is shown in Appendix A.
SIMULATION RESULTS
Once the data already have and the schematic of IEEE 14 buses are designed, then next step is to
do the simulation.
The run the simulation, user should use the dynamic function. The dynamic function can be
obtained on the left under dynamic tree (see Figure 3.9).

(a) Dynamic tree view (b) Double click on machine to get the dynamic data spreadsheet

Figure 3.9: How to get the dynamic spreadsheet

When the dynamic data spreadsheet is shown, save the spreadsheet under the file extension .dyr.
Close the PSSE and start again.
Now open the schematic diagram, spreadsheet of network data and the dynamic data. The
simulation buttons are now ready (See Figure 3.10).
 Figure 3.10: Simulation is ready

Now run the simulation of the following:

1. STRT/RUN
2. ESTR/ERUN
3. MSTR/MRUN
4. GSTR/GRUN

If the simulation start with errors saying the convert the generator into load? Then user should
choose "Yes" and continue simulation. The sample of simulation results are shown in Figure 3.11,
3.12 and 3.13.
Figure 3.11: Simulation results on finding the problematic generators

Figure 3.12: Simulation results on power flows in the IEEE 14 buses

Figure 3.13: Checking the voltage less than the excited value
Note that the simulation has shows "isolated". This means the DG (Distributed generators) those
have problems are isolated and solved successfully.
Also base on the data key in for the network, the PSSE has checked that there is no issue of
voltages in the network less than the rated value. This indicates that the network is ideal.
To compute the NSVI, equation 3.1 is applied and the simulated results for generators will be
used in calculation.

(3.1)

Where:

The simulation for the generators are shown below:

square
Bus X P Q P2+Q2 root I numerator Denominator NVSI
1 0.01 100 100 20000 141.4214 2.828427 1.9991 1.414850245
2 0.01 100 100 20000 141.4214 2.828427 1.9991 1.414850245
3 0.02 80 80 12800 113.1371 4.525483 3.1991 1.414611422
4 0.01 80 80 12800 113.1371 2.262742 1.5991 1.415009505
5 0.03 50 50 5000 70.71068 4.242641 2.9991 1.414637954
6 0.01 50 50 5000 70.71068 1.414214 0.9991 1.415487501
7 0.01 50 50 5000 70.71068 1.414214 0.9991 1.415487501
8 0.01 50 50 5000 70.71068 1.414214 0.9991 1.415487501
9 0.01 50 50 5000 70.71068 1.414214 0.9991 1.415487501
10 0.01 30 30 1800 42.42641 0.848528 0.5991 1.416338069
11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

The NVSI plot is shown in Figure 3.14:

NVSI
1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
-0.2

Figure 3.14: NVSI plot

Notice that from the graph, it can tell that buses 11 to 14 are very weak and they should shut down
for maintenance or should have a backup in the network.
The power flows in the distribution network is shown in Figure 3.15.
 Power distribution
120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
-20

P Q

Figure 3.15: Power flows in the IEEE 14 buses network

The power flows indicates that the active power is deliver to the loads effectively. Due to some
generators are isolated, the distribution of power may not even. Also due to random consumption
of powers, it may causes sudden demand of power or sudden storage of power in the network.

CONCLUSION
PSSE does allows us to model and simulation network. PSSE uses dynamic method for simulation.
The data of network will be entered automatically into the network once the schematic diagram is
completely design.
During the simulation process, the PSSE has compute and identify the problematic generators.
With the mark of "isolated", the generators usually are put into quarantine.
From the simulation results, one can see that only buses 11 and 14 are having problems. The
NVSI is plotted from Excel by collecting the data from the simulation results of machines.
FUTURE WORKS
In future, more graphs will be shown by changing more parameters. Also, without distribution
study will be shown in next simulation.
Finally, the complete report should be ready for submission. The presentation will be prepared
base on the finding in the simulation.

APPENDIX A: NETWORK DATA