Chapter 4 - Design Calculation R1

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CHAPTER 4
DESIGN CALCULATION
This chapter will illustration design calculation for Umbria Com-

mercial Center; from building categorization to type of occupancy and
electrical design demand estimation to transformer and generator
sizing.
4.1 Categorization of the establishment
This is to establish the electrical requirements per areas see

data below;
Table 4.1.1 Mall Area Categorization
Mall Oper-
Areas Categories Types
Item ation
Restaurants
Retail & Lei- Cafés
1 Main Mall Leasable
sure’s Retail Stores
shops
Multi-pur- Sports Facilities
2 Leisure’s Leasable
pose Hall Event Area
Stand- Common
Common
3 alone Admin
Area
Structure Services
With the mall area categorization as guide for electrical demand

estimation using the area tabulation from the owner, detailed equip-
ment list from MEPF Plans and others.
In order to get the accurate load estimation of the whole com-

mercial the designer use the area tabulation from the architectural
plans, the detailed equipment schedules of MEPFS including the ele-
vators, escalators and alike.
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4.2 Lighting Loads
The principal architect already given the lighting layout at the

Mall hallways and common areas, standalone structures and Multi-
purpose Hall prepared by the lighting consultant. The electrical de-
signer only give layout the branch circuiting and load estimation for
each lighting fixtures and group of luminaries.
4.2.1 Branch Circuit Calculation for Lighting Loads
In determining the size of branch circuit conductor and over-

current protective device shall not be less than the sum of non-
continuous load and 125% of continuous load base on PEC
2017 Article 2.10.2.2(A) and 2.10.2.2(bB). Calculation as fol-
lows;
Step 1: Determine the branch circuit total load.
Example: Branch Circuit No.01 of MH-LP with 5 x 500W High

bay LF is 2,500Watts. With Power Factor of 0.8
Lighting Branch Circuit Load in VA =2,500 W / 0.8 = 3,125 VA
Step 2: Calculation branch circuit Load Current (A).
IT = 3,125 VA / 230 V = 13.587 A
Step 3: Overcurrent Device Sizing Calculation and Wires.
IOCPD/wires = 13.587 X 1.25 = 16.984 A.
 the size of branch circuit conductor and over current protec-

tion will be 3.5 mm2 THW and 20 A respectively (PEC 2017
Article 1.10.1.15(C)(1), PEC 2017 Table 3.10.2.6(B) (16)
and PEC 2017 Article 2.40.1.6 see Table 2.40.1.6(A).
 Size of Equipment Grounding Conductor is 3.5 mm2 per PEC
2017 Article 2.50.6.13 refer to Table 2.50.6.13.
Table 4.2.1 Load Schedule MH-LP
ELECTRICAL SCHEDULE OF LOADS

PANEL ID: = MH-LP SYSTEM = 400V / 230V, 3PHASE, 60Hz BUS RATING = 100AMPERE
PANEL LOCATION = MH EE ROOM MAIN BREAKER = 40AT, 100AF, 3 POLE, 415V, 60Hz, MCCB ENCLOSURE = NEMA 1
FED FROM = MH-DP KAIC = 32 RACEWAY = 21mmø IMC
MOUNTING = SURFACE MOUNTED FEEDER CABLE = 4x8.0mm² THW + 1x5.5mm² THW (G)
CONNECTED LOAD (A) WIRE SCHEDULE RACEWAY

CKT. BREAKER POWER VOLT-AMPERE
LOAD DESCRIPTION WATTS (W) VOLTAGE (V)
FACTOR (VA)
WIRE GRD TYPE SIZE TYPE
NO. POLE TRIP FRAME KAIC AN BN CN 3Ø
1 1 20 50 32 LIGHTING OUTLET 2,500 230 0.80 3,125 13.59 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
7 1 20 50 32 LIGHTING OUTLET 800 230 0.80 1,000 4.35 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
11 1 20 50 32 VENTELATING FAN 800 230 0.80 1,000 4.35 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
12 1 20 50 32 VENTELATING FAN 800 230 0.80 1,000 4.35 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
TOTAL IN AMPERE 29.24 31.41 24.02 -
CONNECTED LOAD CALCULATION: OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (PEC 2017 ARTICLE 4.30.5.2(a) FEEDER CONDUCTOR CALCULATION (PEC 2017 ARTICLE 4.30.2.4)
CONNECTED LOAD (VA) = 12,565 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = TOTAL LOAD - HIGHEST RATED MOTOR + REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= TOTAL LOAD + 25% HIGHEST RATED MOTOR
20% SPARE FACTOR = 2,513 VA PROTECTIVE DEVICE OF HIGHEST RATED MOTOR
TOTAL LOAD (VA) = 15,078 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = (21.76- 4.35) + 20 REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= 21.76 + (0.25 x 4.35)
TOTAL LOAD (A) = 21.76 A REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = 37.41 REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= 22.85
USE: 40 AT / 100 AF, 3-POLE, 400 V, 60 Hz, MCCB (PEC 2017 ARTICLE 2.40.1.6 / TABLE 2.40.1.6(A)
Note: Main and Branch circuit breaker kAIC must be the same
C Table C.1 of the PEC 2017 Edition Part 1 page 967.
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Step 4: Branch Circuit Conduit Sizing is 16 mmΦ EMT. Appendix

Table 4.2.2 Load Schedule LG-LP

PANEL ID: = LG-LP SYSTEM 400V / 230V, 3PHASE, 60Hz BUS RATING = 100AMPERE
PANEL LOCATION = SECURITY AREA MAIN BREAKER 30AT, 100AF, 3 POLE, 415V, 60Hz, MCCB ENCLOSURE = NEMA 1
FED FROM = MDP-ADMIN KAIC 25 RACEWAY = 21mmø IMC
MOUNTING = SURFACE MOUNTED FEEDER CABLE 4x5.5mm² THW + 1x3.5mm² THW (G)]

FACTOR (VA)
1 1 20 50 25 LIGHTING OUTLET 700 230 0.80 875 3.80 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
TOTAL IN AMPERE 19.18 19.78 21.70 -
CONNECTED LOAD CALCULATION: OVERCURRENT CALCULATION (PEC 2017 Article 2.15.1.3) FEEDER CONDUCTOR CALCULATION (PEC 2017 Article 2.15.1.3)
CONNECTED LOAD (VA) = 8,678 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = 125% CONTINOUS LOAD + NON CONTINOUS LOAD REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= 125% CONTINOUS LOAD + NON CONTINOUS LOAD
20% SPARE FACTOR = 1,736 VA
TOTAL LOAD (VA) = 10,414 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = ( 14.5 X 1.25 ) + 6.05 REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= ( 14.5 X 1.25 ) + 6.05
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Table 4.2.3 Load Schedule SF-LP
PANEL ID: = SF-LP SYSTEM 400V / 230V, 3PHASE, 60Hz BUS RATING = 100AMPERE
PANEL LOCATION = MAIN EE ROOM MAIN BREAKER 50AT, 100AF, 3 POLE, 415V, 60Hz, MCCB ENCLOSURE = NEMA 1
MOUNTING = SURFACE MOUNTED FEEDER CABLE 4x14mm² THW + 1x5.5mm² THW (G)

FACTOR (VA)
10 1 20 50 25 STUB-OUT 1,200 230 0.80 1,500 0.01 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
11 1 20 50 25 SIGNAGE STUB-OUT 1,200 230 0.80 1,500 6.52 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
TOTAL IN AMPERE 39.65 32.92 38.78 -
CONNECTED LOAD CALCULATION: OVERCURRENT CALCULATION (PEC 2017 Article 2.15.1.3) FEEDER CONDUCTOR CALCULATION (PEC 2017 Article 2.15.1.3)
CONNECTED LOAD (VA) = 15,859 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = 125% CONTINOUS LOAD + NON CONTINOUS LOAD REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= 125% CONTINOUS LOAD + NON CONTINOUS LOAD
20% SPARE FACTOR = 3,172 VA
TOTAL LOAD (VA) = 19,031 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = ( 27.20 X 1.25 ) + 11.66 REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= ( 27.20 X 1.25 ) + 11.66
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4.3 Convenience Outlet
Alike with the lighting loads, identification and calculation as

required by the client. The receptacle outlets are computed 180 VA
for each single or for each multiple receptacle base on PEC 2017 Ar-
ticle 2.20.2.5(I).
4.3.1 Branch Circuit Calculation for Convenience Outlet
In guidance of the design methodology of chapter 2.4.3 Branch

Circuit Loads Calculation for Convenience Outlet under design proce-
dures; the following will be calculated (1) the branch circuit conduc-
tor, (2) equipment grounding conductor, (3) over current protection
and (4) conduit for circuit supplying receptacle loads are calculated
as follows:
Step 1: Calculate the total load of the branch circuit.
Reference Circuit is MH-PP Receptacle Outlet No.01 as an

example calculation with total load of 1,440 VA.
VAMH-PP/01 = 8 X 180 VA = 1,440 VA
IMH-PP/01 = 1,440 VA / 230 V = 6.26 A
IOCPD/wires = 6.26 A X 1.25 = 7.825 A
Step 4: Refer to PEC 2017 Article 1.10.1.15(C)(1), PEC 2017

Table 3.10.2.6(B) (16), PEC 2017 Article 2.40.1.6 see Table
2.40.1.6(A), and PEC 2017 Article 2.50.6.13 refer to Table
2.50.6.13 to select the size of branch circuit conductor, equip-
ment grounding conductor and the over current protection.
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Referring to these code rules, the selected sizes are 3.5

mm2 THW for both branch circuit and equipment grounding
conductor; and, 20 A for over current protection.
Step 4: Determine the size of branch circuit raceway.
From Appendix C Table C.1 of the PEC 2017 Edition Part

1, the size of Electrical Metallic Tubing for 3.5 mm2 TW branch
circuit conductor is selected to be 16 mmΦ.
Step 5: Draw the receptacle power layout. To illustrate further,

see the Annex section of this report.
Table 4.3.1 Load Schedule MH-PP

PANEL ID: = MH-PP SYSTEM 400V / 230V, 3PHASE, 60Hz BUS RATING = 100AMPERE
PANEL LOCATION = MH EE ROOM MAIN BREAKER 40AT, 100AF, 3 POLE, 415V, 60Hz, MCCB ENCLOSURE = NEMA 1
FED FROM = MH-DP KAIC 32 RACEWAY = 21mmø IMC
MOUNTING = SURFACE MOUNTED FEEDER CABLE 4x8.0mm² THW + 1x5.5mm² THW (G)]

LOAD DESCRIPTION WATTS (kW) VOLTAGE (V)
FACTOR (KVA)
1 1 20 50 32 RECEPTACLE OUTLET 1,152 0 0.80 1,440 6.26 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
5 1 20 50 32 SPECIAL OUTLET 1,280 0 0.80 1,600 6.96 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
11 1 20 50 32 EXHAUST FAN 800 0 0.80 1,000 4.35 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
12 1 20 50 32 EXHAUST FAN 800 0 0.80 1,000 4.35 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD PER PHASE (A) 26.43 25.65 22.61 -
TOTAL LOAD (VA) = 12,689 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = (18.32- 4.35) + 20 REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= 18.32 + (0.25 x 4.35)
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Table 4.3.2 Load Schedule LG-PP

PANEL ID: = LG-PP SYSTEM 400V / 230V, 3PHASE, 60Hz BUS RATING = 100AMPERE
PANEL LOCATION = SECURITY AREA MAIN BREAKER 70AT, 100AF, 3 POLE, 415V, 60Hz, MCCB ENCLOSURE = NEMA 1
MOUNTING = SURFACE MOUNTED FEEDER CABLE 4x14mm² THW + 1x8.0mm² THW (G)

FACTOR (VA)
1 1 30 50 25 2HP JET BLOWER 1,600 230 0.80 2,000 8.70 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
13 1 20 50 25 SPO PABGM 2,944 230 0.80 3,680 16.00 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
14 1 20 50 25 SPO CCTV 2,944 230 0.80 3,680 16.00 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
15 1 20 50 25 SPO FACP 2,944 230 0.80 3,680 16.00 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
16 1 20 50 25 OUTLET 864 230 0.80 1,080 4.70 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
17 1 20 50 25 OUTLET 2,016 230 0.80 2,520 10.96 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
18 1 20 50 25 OUTLET 2,944 230 0.80 3,680 16.00 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD PER PHASE (A) 66.78 55.48 61.74 -
TOTAL LOAD (VA) = 32,056 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = (46.27- 8.70 ) + 30 REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= 46.27 + (0.25 x 8.70)
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Table 4.3.3 Load Schedule SF-PP

PANEL ID: = SF-PP SYSTEM 400V / 230V, 3PHASE, 60Hz BUS RATING =100AMPERE
MOUNTING = SURFACE MOUNTED FEEDER CABLE 4x8.0mm² TW + 1x5.5mm² THW (G)

FACTOR (VA)
1 1 20 50 25 4 - 180W CSO 331 230 0.80 414 1.80 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
2 1 20 50 25 SPO FOR PUMP ROOM 1,693 230 0.80 2,116 9.20 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
3 1 20 50 25 3 - 180W CSO 248 230 0.80 311 1.35 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
4 1 20 50 25 SPO FOR GARBAGE RM. 1,693 230 0.80 2,116 9.20 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
5 1 20 50 25 SPO FOR STP AREA 1,693 230 0.80 2,116 9.20 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
6 1 20 50 25 GFCI OUTLET 1,693 230 0.80 2,116 9.20 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
7 1 20 50 25 SPO HAND DRYER 1,693 230 0.80 2,116 9.20 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
11 1 20 50 25 SPO FOR FREIGHT ELEVATOR 1,693 230 0.80 2,116 9.20 2x3.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
TOTAL LOAD 27.60 28.95 36.80 -
TOTAL LOAD (VA) = 17,664 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = (25.50- 9.20 ) + 20 REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= 25.50 + (0.25 x 9.20)
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4.4 Elevators, Escalators and other motor loads.
Two type of commercial motors are supplied in the project;

these are the induction and hermetic type motors. The type of motors
utilized by utility equipment such as pumps, elevators and escalator
machines are typically induction type; while, the type of motors uti-
lized by air-conditioning systems are typically hermetic type. Motors
must be protected. Design under the appropriate code rule must be
applied to each type of motors. Code reference are the following;
 PEC Article 4.30 deals with individual and group installa-

tions having induction type motors
 PEC Article 4.40 deals with individual and group installa-
tions having hermetic type motors.
4.4.1 Sizing Branch Circuit Conductor for Motor Loads
Step 1: Determine the motor full-load current.
Note 1. FLC – Full Load Current is use to determine the con-

ductor size, ground-fault protection device and branch short
circuit. PEC 2017 Article 4.30 provides the listed table of FLC to
the following Tables 4.30.14.2 to Table 4.30.14.5(B) pages.
370 to 373.
Note 2. FLA – Full Load Ampere is use to determine the

overload device can be found at the motor nameplate.
From the example at MDP-ADMIN Panel Ckt.05; the elevator is

27 A FLC.
Step 2: Branch Circuit Loads Calculation of Elevator.
IDP-ADMIN/05 = 27 A X 1.25 = 33.75 A.
Wire Selection PEC 2017 Article 1.10.1.15(C)(1) and PEC

2017 Table 3.10.2.6(B) (16), the standard size of branch circuit
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conductor for circuit number five of panel MDP-ADMIN is se-

lected to be 14 mm2 THW.
Step 3: Branch Circuit Protection Calculation of Elevator.
IOCPD = 27 A X 2.5 = 67.5 A.
Referencing PEC Article 2.40.1.6 see Table 2.40.1.6(A),

the standard size of overcurrent protection 70 A.
4.5 Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment
Step 1: Determine the motor full-load current.
Note 1. FLC – Full Load Current is use to determine the con-

ductor size, ground-fault protection device and branch short
circuit. PEC 2017 Article 4.30 provides the listed table of FLC to
the following Tables 4.30.14.2 to Table 4.30.14.5(B) pages.
370 to 373.
Note 2. FLA – Full Load Ampere is use to determine the

overload device can be found at the motor nameplate.
From the example at MDP-ADMIN Panel Ckt.05; the elevator is

27 A FLC.
Step 2: Branch Circuit Loads Calculation of ACCU.
IMH-ACU/01 = 13.53 A X 1.25 = 16.912 A.
Wire Selection PEC 2017 Article 1.10.1.15(C)(1) and PEC

2017 Table 3.10.2.6(B) (16), the standard size of branch circuit
conductor for circuit number five of panel MH-ACU is selected
to be 5.5 mm2 THW.
Step 3: Branch Circuit Protection Calculation of ACCU.
IOCPD = 13.53 A X 1.75 = 23.6775 A.

Table 4.4.1 Panel DP-PUMPS

PANEL ID: = DP-PUMPS SYSTEM 400V / 230V, 3PHASE, 60Hz BUS RATING =225AMPERE
PANEL LOCATION = STAND-ALONE UTILITY AREA MAIN BREAKER 200AT, 225AF, 3 POLE, 415V, 60Hz, MCCB ENCLOSURE = NEMA 3R
MOUNTING = SURFACE MOUNTED FEEDER CABLE 4x80mm² TW + 1x14m² THW (G)

FACTOR (VA)
1 3 125 225 25 STP 27,712 400 0.8 34,640 50.00 3x14mm² 1x8.0mm² THW 35mmø IMC
2 3 50 100 25 TRIPLEX NON-POTABLE PRESSURE PUMP 9,635 400 0.8 12,044 17.39 3x5.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 21mmø IMC
3 3 50 100 25 TRIPLEX POTABLE PRESSURE PUMP 9,635 400 0.8 12,044 17.39 3x5.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 21mmø IMC
4 3 40 100 25 7.5 HP TRANSFER PUMP 1 7,371 400 0.8 9,214 13.30 3x5.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 21mmø IMC
5 3 40 100 25 7.5 HP TRANSFER PUMP 2 7,371 400 0.8 9,214 13.30 3x5.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 21mmø IMC
TOTAL LOAD - - - 111.37
TOTAL LOAD (VA) = 92,589 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = (133.64- 17.39) + 50 REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= 133.64 + (0.25 x 50)
the standard size of overcurrent protection 30 A.
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Referencing PEC Article 2.40.1.6 see Table 2.40.1.6(A),

Table 4.5.2 Panel MH-ACU

PANEL ID: = MH-ACU SYSTEM 400V / 230V, 3PHASE, 60Hz BUS RATING =225AMPERE
FED FROM = MH-DP KAIC 32 RACEWAY = 53mmø IMC
MOUNTING = SURFACE MOUNTED FEEDER CABLE 4x100mm² TW + 1x22mm² THW (G)

FACTOR (VA)
1 3 30 50 32 5TR ACCU-01 7,500 400 0.80 9,375 13.53 3x5.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 21mmø IMC
TOTAL LOAD - - - 162.38
TOTAL LOAD (VA) = 135,000 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = (194.86 - 13.53) + 30 REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= 194.86 + (0.25 x 13.53)
USE: 225 AT / 225AF, 3-POLE, 400 V, 60 Hz, MCCB (PEC 2017 ARTICLE 2.40.1.6 / TABLE 2.40.1.6(A)
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Table 4.5.3 Panel MDP-ADMIN Load Schedule

PANEL ID: = MDP-ADMIN SYSTEM 400V / 230V, 3PHASE, 60Hz BUS RATING =500AMPERE
FED FROM = LVSG KAIC 36 RACEWAY =63mmø IMC
MOUNTING = SURFACE MOUNTED FEEDER CABLE 2SET OF 4x100mm² THW + 22xTHWmm² TW (G)

FACTOR (VA)
1 3 200 225 36 DP-PUMPS 61,725.7 400 0.80 77,157 - - - 111.37 4x80mm² 1x14mm² THW 53mmø IMC
2 3 70 100 36 LG-PP 20,488.2 400 0.80 25,610 39.65 32.92 38.78 - 4x14mm² 1x8.0mm² THW 35mmø IMC
3 3 60 100 36 ELEVATOR 1 12,000.0 400 0.80 15,000 27.00 4x14mm² 1x8.0mm² THW 35mmø IMC
4 3 60 100 36 ELEVATOR 2 12,000.0 400 0.80 15,000 27.00 4x14mm² 1x8.0mm² THW 35mmø IMC
5 3 50 100 36 SF-LP 5,852.0 400 0.80 7,315 66.78 55.48 61.74 - 4x14mm² 1x8.0mm² THW 35mmø IMC
6 3 40 100 36 SF-PP 17,507.6 400 0.80 21,885 27.60 28.95 36.80 - 4x8.0mm² 1x5.5mm² THW 21mmø IMC
7 3 40 100 36 LG-LP 11,160.8 400 0.80 13,951 19.18 19.78 21.70 - 4x5.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 21mmø IMC
8 3 40 100 36 ESCALATOR 1 8,000.0 400 0.80 10,000 18.00 4x14mm² 1x8.0mm² THW 35mmø IMC
9 3 40 100 36 ESCALATOR 2 8,000.0 400 0.80 10,000 18.00 4x14mm² 1x8.0mm² THW 35mmø IMC
10 3 100 100 36 SPARE - 400 0.80 - -
TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD PER PHASE (A) 153.21 137.13 159.02 201.37
TOTAL LOAD (VA) = 243,741 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = (351.82 - 27 ) + 60 REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= 347.79 + (0.25 x 27)
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4.6 Tenant Electrical load.
Tenant loads estimation is based on the Austin Commercial De-

mand Estimation based on historical data of commercial buildings.
Step 1. Calculate the total load of the tenant per area and select
the type of occupancy.
Total Load VA(SUPERMARKET) = Total Area X Unit Load/Area X 1.20%
Total Load VA(SUPERMARKET) = 32,600.48 X 13.10 X 1.20
Total Load VA(SUPERMARKET) = 512,479.55 VA
IT = 512,479.55 VA / (1.732 X 400 V) = 739.72 A
IOCPD/wires = 739.72 X 0.80 X 1.25 = 739.72 A.
 The rule that governs the design of feeder system is es-

sentially similar to the design of branch circuit system. As
stipulated in PEC 2017 Article 2.15.1.2(A) and PEC 2017
Article 2.15.1.3, the feeder conductor and its overcurrent
protection shall have a rating of shall not be less than the
non-continuous load plus 125% of continuous load.
 the size of branch circuit conductor and over current pro-
tection will be 3 x 150 mm2 THW and 800 A respectively
PEC 2017 Section 1.10.1.15(C)(1), PEC 2017 Table
3.10.12.6(B) (16) and PEC 2017 Article 2.40.1.6 see Ta-
ble 2.40.1.6(A).
 Size of Equipment Grounding Conductor is 3 x 22 mm2
per PEC 2017 Article2.50.6.13 refer to Table 2.50.6.13.
 Step 4: Branch Circuit Conduit Sizing is 78 mmΦ IMC.
Appendix C Table C.1 of the PEC 2017 Edition Part 1.
Table 4.6.1 Tenant Load Assumption by Load Density Method
TENANT LOAD ASSUMPTION UMBRIA COMMERCIAL CENTER MAIN MALL 0.20

Floor Total Area (Estimated) Unit Load per Total Connected
Item Areas Occupancy Connected Load Spare Load 20% Remarks
Level m2 ft2 Area (VA/ft2) Load (VA)
1 Supermarket UG Large Food Store (>30k ft2) 2,963.68 32,600.48 13.10 427,066.29 85,413.26 512,479.55
2 Unit 1-1 UG Restaurant Fast Food(<4kft2) 205.71 2,262.81 32.00 72,409.92 14,481.98 86,891.90
3 Al-fresco UG Restaurant Fast Food(<4kft2) 151.12 1,662.32 32.00 53,194.24 10,638.85 63,833.09
4 KIOSK UG Small Food Stores (<30k ft2) 98.01 1,078.11 20.60 22,209.07 4,441.81 26,650.88
5 KIOSK 1-1 UG Small Food Stores (<30k ft2) 4.00 44.00 20.60 906.40 3,000.00 3,906.40 Ref and Rice Cooker
65
Continuation… Table 4.6.1 Tenant Load Assumption by Load Density Method
Floor Total Area (Estimated) Unit Load per Total Connected

Item Areas Occupancy Connected Load Spare Load 20% Remarks
Level m2 ft2 Area (VA/ft2) Load (VA)
19 Unit 2-1 2nd FL Small Retails (<30k ft2) 500.19 5,502.09 12.30 67,675.71 13,535.14 81,210.85
20 Unit 2-2 2nd FL Restaurant Fast Food(<4kft2) 97.23 1,069.53 32.00 34,224.96 6,844.99 41,069.95
21 Unit 2-3 2nd FL Restaurant Fast Food(<4kft2) 83.54 918.94 32.00 29,406.08 5,881.22 35,287.30
22 Unit 2-4 2nd FL Small Retails (<30k ft2) 367.71 4,044.81 12.30 49,751.16 9,950.23 59,701.40
23 Unit 2-5 2nd FL Small Office 279.11 3,070.21 9.10 27,938.91 5,587.78 33,526.69
24 Unit 2-6 2nd FL Small Office 350.97 3,860.67 9.10 35,132.10 7,026.42 42,158.52
26 Unit 2-8 2nd FL Restaurant Fast Food(<4kft2) 64.58 710.38 32.00 22,732.16 4,546.43 27,278.59
28 KIOSK 2-1 2nd FL Small Food Stores (<30k ft2) 4.00 44.00 20.60 906.40 3,000.00 3,906.40 Ref and Rice Cooker
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Table 4.6.2 Load Schedule Meter Center 1
PANEL ID: = METER CENTER 1 SYSTEM 400V / 230V, 3PHASE, 60Hz BUS RATING = 1000AMPERE
PANEL LOCATION = MAIN ELECTRICAL ROOM MAIN BREAKER 800AT, 1200AF, 3 POLE, 415V, 60Hz, MCCB ENCLOSURE = NEMA 1
FED FROM = MDP-MC KAIC RACEWAY = 63mmø IMC
MOUNTING = SURFACE MOUNTED FEEDER CABLE 4SET of [4x100mm² THW + 1x30mm² THW (G)]

FACTOR (VA)
1 3 800 1000 10 Supermarket 410 400 0.80 512 739.72 3(4x150mm²) 1x30mm² THW 78mmø IMC
2 3 150 225 10 Unit 1-1 70 400 0.80 87 125.42 4x50mm² 1x14mm² THW 63mmø IMC
3 3 125 125 10 Al-fresco 51 400 0.80 64 92.14 4x30mm² 1x14mm² THW 53mmø IMC
4 3 50 100 10 KIOSK 21 400 0.80 27 38.47 4x8.0mm² 1x5.5mm² THW 27mmø IMC
5 1 30 100 10 KIOSK 1-1 3,125 230 0.80 3,906 16.98 2x5.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
60 100 100.26 101.91 101.91 995.75
CONNECTED LOAD CALCULATION: OVERCURRENT PROTECTION FEEDER CONDUCTOR CALCULATION
CONNECTED LOAD (VA) = 730,618 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = 125 % X TOTAL LOAD REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= 125 % X TOTAL LOAD
DEMAND FACTOR = 0.60
TOTAL LOAD (VA) = 438,371 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = 632.75 X 1.25 REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= 632.75 X 1.25
67
Table 4.6.3 Load Schedule Meter Center 2

PANEL ID: = METER CENTER 2 SYSTEM 400V / 230V, 3PHASE, 60Hz BUS RATING = 1000AMPERE
PANEL LOCATION = MAIN ELECTRICAL ROOM MAIN BREAKER 600AT, 1000AF, 3 POLE, 415V, 60Hz, MCCB ENCLOSURE = NEMA 1
FED FROM = MDP-MC KAIC RACEWAY = 63mmø IMC

FACTOR (VA)
1 3 300 500 10 Unit 2-7 120,000 400.000 0.8 150,000 216.51 4x100mm² 1x22mm² THW 63mmø IMC
2 3 125 125 10 Unit 2-1 60,000 400.000 0.8 75,000 108.26 3x38mm² 1x22mm² THW 53mmø IMC
3 3 100 100 10 Unit 2-4 40,000 400.000 0.8 50,000 72.17 4x22mm² 1x8.0mm² THW 53mmø IMC
10 1 30 100 10 KIOSK 2-1 3,125 230.000 0.8 3,906 16.98 2x5.5mm² 1x3.5mm² THW 16mmø EMT
28 1 100 10 Space
29 1 100 10 Space
30 1 100 10 Space
31 1 100 10 Space
32 1 100 10 Space
101.91 101.91 101.91 692.84
CONNECTED LOAD CALCULATION: OVERCURRENT PROTECTION FEEDER CONDUCTOR CALCULATION
CONNECTED LOAD (VA) = 520,762 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = 125 % X TOTAL LOAD REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= 125 % X TOTAL LOAD
DEMAND FACTOR = 0.60
TOTAL LOAD (VA) = 312,457.46 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = 451.01 X 1.25 REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= 451.01 X 1.25
68
69
4.7 Load Schedule Summary
Load Schedule Summary is a method of organizing an electrical

loads helps in determining the amount of power required for an in-
stallation. This information is then used by electrical engineers to
properly size conductors, conduits and determine the proper overload
and other protection and control systems. Also a guide for panel
builder and contractor that will interpret the content of the design.
Table 4.7.1 Load Schedule MDP-Tenant

PANEL ID: = MDP-TENANT SYSTEM 400V / 230V, 3PHASE, 60Hz BUS RATING = 1200AMPERE
FED FROM = LVSG KAIC 65 RACEWAY 78mmø IMC

FACTOR (VA)
1 3 800 1000 65 METER CENTER 1 56,501 400 0.80 70,627 100.26 101.91 101.91 995.75 4(4x100mm²) 4(1x30mm²) THW 63mmø IMC
2 3 600 1000 65 METER CENTER 2 56,636 400 0.80 70,795 101.91 101.91 101.91 692.84 3(4x100mm²) 3(1x30mm²) THW 63mmø IMC
3 3 100 100 65 SPARE - 400 0.80 -
4 3 100 100 65 SPARE - 400 0.80 -
TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD PER PHASE (A) 202.17 203.81 203.81 1,688.59
CONNECTED LOAD CALCULATION: OVERCURRENT PROTECTION & FEEDER CONDUCTOR (PEC 2017 rticle 2.40.1.4.C)
CONNECTED LOAD (VA) = 1,251,380 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = 1200AMPERE

DEMAND FACTOR = 0.60 REQUIRED CONDUCTOR CAPACITY (A) = 1200AMPERE
TOTAL LOAD (VA) = 750,828.17 VA
TOTAL LOAD (A) = 1,083.76 A USE: 1200 AT / 1200 AF, 3-POLE, 400 V, 60 Hz, MCCB (PEC 2017 ARTICLE 2.40.1.6 / TABLE 2.40.1.6(A)
70
Table 4.7.2 Load Schedule DP-MH

PANEL ID: = DP-MH SYSTEM 400V / 230V, 3PHASE, 60Hz BUS RATING = 500AMPERE
FED FROM = LVSG KAIC 36 RACEWAY = 53mmø IMC
MOUNTING = SURFACE MOUNTED FEEDER CABLE 2 set [4x100mm² THW + 22xTHWmm² TW (G)]

FACTOR (VA)
1 3 225 225 36 MH-ACU 90,000 400 0.80 112,500 - - - 162.38 4x100mm² 1x22mm² THW 53mmø IMC
2 3 100 100 36 MH-PP 8,459 400 0.80 10,574 26.43 25.65 22.61 - 4x8.0mm² 1x5.5mm² THW 21mmø IMC
3 3 70 100 36 MH-LP 8,459 400 0.80 10,574 29.24 31.41 24.02 - 4x8.0mm² 1x5.5mm² THW 21mmø IMC
3 3 100 SPACE -
TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD PER PHASE (A) 55.67 57.07 46.63 162.38
TOTAL LOAD (VA) = 182,442 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = (263.34 - 13.53) + 100 REQUIRED FEEDER CAPACITY (A)= 194.86 + (0.25 x 13.53)
71
Table 4.7.3 Load Schedule LVSG

PANEL ID: = LVSG SYSTEM = 400V / 230V, 3PHASE, 60Hz BUS RATING = 1600AMPERE
PANEL LOCATION = MAIN ELECTRICAL ROOM MAIN BREAKER = 1600AT, 1600AF, 3 POLE, 415V, 60Hz, MCCB ENCLOSURE = NEMA 1
FED FROM = 1MVA TRANSFORMER KAIC = 65 RACEWAY = WIREWAY
MOUNTING = FREE STANDING FEEDER CABLE = 5SET of [4x200mm² THW + 1x30mm² THW (G)]

LOAD DESCRIPTION WATTS (W) VOLTAGE (V) AMPERES (A)
FACTOR (VA)
1 3 1200 1600 65 MDP-TENANT 1,001,104 400 1,806.26 0.80 1,251,380 202.17 203.81 203.81 1,688.59 4(4x200mm²) 4(1x30mm²) THW 78mmø IMC
2 3 400 500 65 MDP-MH 121,628 400 219.45 0.80 152,035 55.67 57.07 46.63 162.38 2(4x100mm²) 2(1x22mm²) THW 63mmø IMC
3 3 400 500 65 MDP-ADMIN 162,494 400 99,434.03 0.80 203,117 153.21 137.13 159.02 201.37 2(4x100mm²) 2(1x22mm²) THW 63mmø IMC
4 3 800 100 65 PROVISION CAP. BANK - 400 - 0.80 -
5 3 100 100 65 TVSS - 400 - 0.80 -
6 3 100 100 65 SPARE - 400 - 0.80 -
TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD PER PHASE (A) 411.05 398.01 409.46 2,052.34
CONNECTED LOAD CALCULATION: OVERCURRENT PROTECTION & FEEDER CONDUCTOR (PEC 2017 Article 2.40.1.4.C)
CONNECTED LOAD (VA) = 1,586,284 VA REQUIRED BREAKER CAPACITY (A) = 1600AMPERE

DEMAND FACTOR = 0.60 REQUIRED CONDUCTOR CAPACITY (A) = 1600AMPERE
TOTAL LOAD (VA) = 951,770.63 VA
TOTAL LOAD (A) = 1,373.80 A USE: 1600 AT / 1600 AF, 3-POLE, 400 V, 60 Hz, MCCB (PEC 2017 ARTICLE 2.40.1.6 / TABLE 2.40.1.6(A)
72
73
4.8 Transformer Sizing Calculation
Transformer Sizing is a critical parts of equipment sizing and

selection due to the high cost of the transformer if the owner will
shoulder the cost of the equipment. Proper sizing using demand fac-
tor will be designer’s responsibility in recommending the proper size
of transformer.
Step.1 Calculate the demand load in ampere.
See tabulation of group of loads from the loads schedule using

the connected load and demand factor.
Table 4.8.1 Connected Load Tabulation
Load Connected Load Demand Demand Load

Description (VA) Factor (VA)
MDP Tenant 1,001,104 0.65 650,717.60
MDP MH 121,628 0.70 85,139.60
MDP Admin 162,494 0.70 113,745.80
Total 1,285,226 849,603.00
Step 2. For the Sizing of the transformer;
The sum of the connected loads can be multiplied by the de-

mand factor multiplied by 125%; in which the demand factor as-
sumption is 0.65 base on the Table 4.8.2 of this section.
Transformer Cap. (VA) = Connected Load X Demand Factor X 125%
Transformer Cap. (VA) = 1,285,226 X 0.65 X 125%
Transformer Cap. (VA) = 1,044,246.12 VA
Transformer Cap. (VA) = 1,044.246 kVA

74
Table 4.8.2 Demand Factor & Load Factor According to type

of Building
Demand Factor & Load Factor
Demand Factor
Building (%) Load Factor (%)
Retail Store 65-70 25-32
Restaurant 45-75 15-25
Supermarket 55-75 25-30
Gymnasium 70-75 20-45
https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/demand-factor-diversity-factor-utilization-factor-load-factor
Calculation of Coincidence Factor of the load connected to trans-

former.
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑

𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 1
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑
835,396.90 𝑉𝐴
𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
849,603.00 𝑉𝐴
𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 0.98327
Step 3. Transformer Selection
From the ABB Cast Coil Type Distribution Transformer cata-

logue shown in Table 4.8.3 of this section the rating is selected below.
Table 4.8.3 Vacuum Cast Coil Dry Type Distribution Transformers
Source: ABB Vacuum Cast Coil Type Distribution Transformer Catalogue
1
Military Handbook Electrical Engineering Preliminary Design Consideration TSEWG TP-13: UFC 3-
501-03N LOAD DEMAND ANALYSES
75
The X/R ration of transformer from transformer impedance

and full-load loss calculation:2
Calculation of R%:
R% = 100 x [(Full load loss (W)-no load loss (W))/(transformer

rated power (kVA)x1000)]
= 100 x [(10240 (W)-3100 (W))/(1000 (kVA)x1000)]
= 0.714 %
Then, using the impedance relation; Z = √ (R² + X²), we can
calculate X% to be:
X% = √ (Z%² - R%²) = √ (7² - 0.714²)

= 6.96 %,
Hence X/R = X%/R% = 6.96 / 0.714 = 9.748
Used: 1,000 kVA, 34.5 kV – 400 V / 230 V, 3Φ, Cast Resin Trans-
former Indoor Type
Step 4: Size the primary protection of transformer.
Referencing PEC 2017 Table 4.50.1.3(A) and PEC 2017 Article

2.40.1.6 the size of the power fuse for the primary protection of the
transformers shall be:
I _PRIMARY FUSE =1,000 kVA /(√(3) ×34.5 ) =16.7353 A
I _PRIMARY FUSE =16.7353 A X 300% =50.2059 A
Use: 50 AMPERE - Power Fuse for the transformer Primary Protection
Step 5: Sizing of Medium Voltage Cable.
For Cable Selection:
Since the required ampacity of the cable is computed by
I _CABLE XPLE =16.7353 A X 125% =20.9418 A
2
https://www.se.com/eg/en/faqs/FA225849/ -Schneider
76
By looking at the commercially available xlpe cable with 35Kv

selection from Phelps Dodge;
Table 4.8.4 XLPE Cable Phelps Dodge Ampacity Data 36kV
Source: Phelps Dodge Medium-Extra Voltage High Voltage Power Cable Catalogue
Use: 50mm2 35kV Medium-Extra High Voltage Power Cables
4.9 Backup Generator and Automatic Transfer Switch Sizing
Since the owner request a 100% emergency power adequately

emergency system must be requirements of all entire mall to be op-
erated without overloading the generator. The codes (PEC 2017 Arti-
cle 7.0 – Emergency Systems provisions and emergency equipment
must be designed and fully capable of handling the available fault
current at its terminal.
Observing to this code rule, sizing and calculation as follows:
Step 1: Generator Set running kilowatt calculation.
Since the transformer demand load is 835.397 kVA this capac-

ity must be converted to power in kW. We can apply and assume thru
International standards rate generators as having a power factor of
0.8.
Running Kilowatt = 835.397 kVA X 0.80 = 668.318 kW

77
Step 2: Determine the starting kilowatt of the generator set.
Oversize Generator 20–25% for reserve capacity and for motor

starting. Considering the motor loads high inrush current, the starting
kilowatt is calculated as follows:
Starting Kilowatt = 668.318 kW X 1.25% = 835.398 kW
Step 3: Select the standard rating of backup generator.
Result of calculation:
Generator Starting capacity = 835.398 kW
Generator Running capacity = 668.318 kW.
Therefore;
Use: 1,000 kW, 3Φ, 400V, 0.8pf backup generator set to avoid over-
loading at worst startup condition.
Kilowatts is the actual power that will be used by the load to

produce a useful working output. Generators are rated in kilo-volt-
amperes (kVA). kVA is a measure of apparent power: it tells you the
total amount of power in use in a system. In a 100% efficient system
kW = kVA. However electrical systems are never 100% efficient and
therefore not all of the systems apparent power will be used to pro-
duce a useful work output.
Step 4: Automatic Transfer Switch
The rating of Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) must be equal

or greater than the rating of the protective device of main power
supply.
Therefore;
Use: 1600 A, 3-Phase, 400 V, 60 Hz, ATS.

78
4.10 Voltage Drop Polarity Rules and Application 3
In it’s a basic rule of voltages that appear can be either drops

or rises. As voltage drops are far more common throughout the power
system, all voltages are shown and are always considered to be drops
from a higher voltage to a lower voltage during the positive half cycle.
The consistent adoption of only drops throughout does not need to
cause difficulties. A generator or source voltage becomes a minus
drop because current flows from a lower voltage to a higher voltage.
This practice does not conflict with the polarity of equipment, such as
transformers, and it is consistent with fault calculations usings sym-
metrical components.
Voltages (always drops) are indicated by either (1) a letter des-

ignation with double subscripts or (2) a small plus (+) indicator
shown at the assumed to be at a relatively high potential; Thus, dur-
ing the positive half cycle of the sine wave, the voltage drop is indi-
cated by the order of the two subscripts used or from the “+” indica-
tor to the positive end of the potential difference. This illustrated in
Figure 4.10.1 where both methods are shown. It is preferable to show
arrows at both ends of the voltage-drop designations, to avoid pos-
sible confusion. Again, it is most important to recognize that both
these designations in the circuit diagrams, especially if arrows are
used, are only location and direction indicators, not phasors.
It may be helpful to consider current as through quantity and

voltage as an across quantity. In this sense, in the representative
Figure 4.10.1, the same current flows through all the elements in
series, so that Iab = Ibc = Icd = Is. By contrast, voltage Vab applies
only across nodes a and b, voltage Vbc across nodes b and c, and Vcd
across c and d.
3
Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications, Fourth Edition by Lewis Blackburn, Thomas J. Domin
79
Figure 4.10.1 Circuit Diagram Showing location and assume direction

if current and voltage drops. I and V are locational and directional,
not phasors.
4.10.1 Polarity
Polarity is important in the transformers and in protection equipment.

A clear understanding of polarity is useful to the transformer.
4.10.1.1 Transformer Polarity
The polarity indications for transformers are well established by

standards that apply to all types of transformers. There are two va-
rieties of polarity: subtractive and additive.
80
Figure 4.10.1.1 Polarity Definitions for transformers (a) subtractive

polarity and (b) additive polarity.
The two fundamental rules of transformer polarity are illus-

trated in Figure 4.10.1.1 and apply to both varieties. These are as
follows:
1. Current flowing in at the polarity mark of one winding flows

out of the polarity mark of the other winding. Both currents
are substantially in-phase.
2. The voltage drop from polarity to non-polarity across one
winding is essentially in phase with the voltage drop from
polarity to non-polarity across the other winding(s).
The currents through and the voltages across the transformers

are substantially in-phase because the magnetizing current and the
impedance drop through the transformers are small and can be con-
sidered negligible. This is normal and practical for these definitions.
The current transformer (CT) polarity markings are shown in

Figure 4.10.1.1(a). Note that the direction of the secondary current
81
is the same, independent of whether the polarity marks are together

on one side or on the other.
Figure 4.10.1.1(a) Polarity Markings for Current Transformer (CT)
For CTs associated with circuit breakers and transformer banks,

it is common practice for the polarity marks to located on the side
away from the associated equipment.
The voltage-drop rule is often omitted in the definition of trans-

former polarity, but it is an extremely useful to check the phase re-
lations through wye-delta transformer banks, or in connecting up
transformer bank for specific phase shift required by the power sys-
tem. The ANSI/IEEE standard for transformers states that the high
voltage should lead the low voltage by 30° with wye-delta banks.
Thus, different connections are required if the high side is wye the if
the high side is delta. The connections for these two cases are shown
in Figure 4.10.1.1(b). The diagrams below the three-phase trans-
former connection illustrate the use of the voltage-drop rule to pro-
vide or check the connections. Arrows on these voltage drops have
been omitted (preferably not used), for they are not necessary and
can cause confusions.
82
Figure 4.10.1.1(b) Voltage Drop Polarity Rule useful in checking or

connecting wye-delta transformer banks (a) wye connected side
leads, delta connected side 30° and delta connected side leads, wye-
connected side 30°.
4.11 Reliability4
Reliability is defined as the ability of an item to perform as re-

quired, without failure, for a given time interval, under given condi-
tions. It is most often measured by using the metric Mean Time Be-
tween Failure (MTBF), which is calculated as follows:
MTBF = Operating time (hours) / Number of Failures
In turn, Downtime is made up primarily of two key compo-

nents; Scheduled Downtime and Unscheduled Downtime. Scheduled
Downtime could incorporate time scheduled for routine preventive
maintenance activities or other scheduled operational activities (such
as catalyst changes, product changes etc.) which mean that the
equipment is not available. Unscheduled downtime will most likely
be due to equipment failures, but could also incorporate downtime
4
https://www.assetivity.com.au/article/availability-vs-reliability-which-is-more-important.html
83
due to other unplanned/unscheduled events. The downtime that is

associated with equipment failures will depend both on the equipment
reliability (the number of equipment failure events) and the length of
time that it takes to restore the functionality of the equipment each
time one of these events occurs (typically measured by Mean Time
to Repair - MTTR).
Using the above information, the formula for Availability trans-

forms into the following:
Availability = 100 x (Calendar Time – Downtime) / Calendar Time
Availability = 100 x (Calendar Time – (Scheduled Downtime + Un-

scheduled Downtime)) / Calendar Time
If we assume that all unscheduled downtime is due to equip-

ment failure events (just to make the calculation simpler for illustra-
tive purposes), Unscheduled Downtime is then related to reliability
via the following formula:
Unscheduled Downtime = MTTR x (Calendar Time – Downtime) /

MTBF
Assumption:
MTTR = 8 Hours Downtime Allowed = 24 Hours
Calendar Time = 8760 Hours
Calculation:
MTBF = 4380 Hours / 1 = 4380
Unscheduled Downtime = (8 x (8760-24)) / 4380 = 15.956
Projected Unscheduled Downtime is approximately 16 Hours.

84
4.12 Working Space Dimensions for Equipment Operating @

0-415 V to Ground.
In this topic of the electrical space requirements must be given

great consideration in the layout and spacing of electrical components
and equipment during design and construction phase of the project.
In the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1 2017 Edition, working space
requirements are stipulated primarily at Article 1.10.2.1. (A) applies
to 1000 volts, nominal, or less spaces about electrical equipment.5
Table 4.12 Working Spaces
Nominal Minimum Clear Distance (mm)

Voltage to Condition 1 Condition 2 Condition 3
Ground
0 - 150 900 900 900
151 - 600 900 1000 1200
601 - 1000 900 1200 1500
Note: Where the conditions are as follows:
Condition 1 – Exposed live parts on one side of the working space and no live parts on the
other side of the working space, or exposed live parts on both sides of the working space
that are effectively guarded by insulating materials,
Condition 2 – Exposed live parts on one side of the working space and grounded parts on
the other side of working space. Concrete, bricks, or tile walls shall be considered as
grounded.
Condition 3 – Exposed live parts on both sides of the working space.6
By following the Table 4.12 Working Space the primary require-

ment is that both access and working space must be provided and
maintained for all electrical equipment. In which the safe operation
and maintenance of the equipment have been given the right priority.
5
Philippine Electrical Code Part 1 2017 Article 1.10 Requirements for Electrical Installations
6
Philippine Electrical Code Part 1 2017 Article 1.10 Table 1.10.2.1(A)(1) Working Spaces
46

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49

This chapter will illustration design calculation for Umbria Com-

4.1 Categorization of the establishment

This is to establish the electrical requirements per areas see

Table 4.1.1 Mall Area Categorization

With the mall area categorization as guide for electrical demand

In order to get the accurate load estimation of the whole com-

4.2 Lighting Loads

The principal architect already given the lighting layout at the

4.2.1 Branch Circuit Calculation for Lighting Loads

In determining the size of branch circuit conductor and over-

Step 1: Determine the branch circuit total load.

Example: Branch Circuit No.01 of MH-LP with 5 x 500W High

Lighting Branch Circuit Load in VA =2,500 W / 0.8 = 3,125 VA

Step 2: Calculation branch circuit Load Current (A).

IT = 3,125 VA / 230 V = 13.587 A

Step 3: Overcurrent Device Sizing Calculation and Wires.

IOCPD/wires = 13.587 X 1.25 = 16.984 A.

 the size of branch circuit conductor and over current protec-

ELECTRICAL SCHEDULE OF LOADS

CONNECTED LOAD (A) WIRE SCHEDULE RACEWAY

Step 4: Branch Circuit Conduit Sizing is 16 mmΦ EMT. Appendix

ELECTRICAL SCHEDULE OF LOADS

CONNECTED LOAD (A) WIRE SCHEDULE RACEWAY

CONNECTED LOAD (A) WIRE SCHEDULE RACEWAY

4.3 Convenience Outlet

Alike with the lighting loads, identification and calculation as

4.3.1 Branch Circuit Calculation for Convenience Outlet

In guidance of the design methodology of chapter 2.4.3 Branch

Step 1: Calculate the total load of the branch circuit.

Reference Circuit is MH-PP Receptacle Outlet No.01 as an

VAMH-PP/01 = 8 X 180 VA = 1,440 VA

Step 2: Calculation branch circuit Load Current (A).

IMH-PP/01 = 1,440 VA / 230 V = 6.26 A

Step 3: Overcurrent Device Sizing Calculation and Wires.

IOCPD/wires = 6.26 A X 1.25 = 7.825 A

Step 4: Refer to PEC 2017 Article 1.10.1.15(C)(1), PEC 2017

Referring to these code rules, the selected sizes are 3.5

Step 4: Determine the size of branch circuit raceway.

From Appendix C Table C.1 of the PEC 2017 Edition Part

Step 5: Draw the receptacle power layout. To illustrate further,

ELECTRICAL SCHEDULE OF LOADS

CONNECTED LOAD (A) WIRE SCHEDULE RACEWAY

ELECTRICAL SCHEDULE OF LOADS

CONNECTED LOAD (A) WIRE SCHEDULE RACEWAY

ELECTRICAL SCHEDULE OF LOADS

CONNECTED LOAD (A) WIRE SCHEDULE RACEWAY

4.4 Elevators, Escalators and other motor loads.

Two type of commercial motors are supplied in the project;

 PEC Article 4.30 deals with individual and group installa-

4.4.1 Sizing Branch Circuit Conductor for Motor Loads

Step 1: Determine the motor full-load current.

Note 1. FLC – Full Load Current is use to determine the con-

Note 2. FLA – Full Load Ampere is use to determine the

From the example at MDP-ADMIN Panel Ckt.05; the elevator is

Step 2: Branch Circuit Loads Calculation of Elevator.

IDP-ADMIN/05 = 27 A X 1.25 = 33.75 A.

Wire Selection PEC 2017 Article 1.10.1.15(C)(1) and PEC

conductor for circuit number five of panel MDP-ADMIN is se-

Step 3: Branch Circuit Protection Calculation of Elevator.

IOCPD = 27 A X 2.5 = 67.5 A.

Referencing PEC Article 2.40.1.6 see Table 2.40.1.6(A),

4.5 Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment

Step 1: Determine the motor full-load current.