Unit 1- Stress and Strain

Topics Covered
Lecture -1 - Introduction, state of plane stress

Lecture -2 - Principle Stresses and Strains

Lecture -3 - Mohr's Stress Circle and Theory of

Failure

Lecture -4- 3-D stress and strain, Equilibrium

equations and impact loading

Lecture -5 - Generalized Hook's law and Castigliono's

 Stresses and strains
In last lecture we looked at stresses were acting in a
plane that was at right angles/parallel to the action of
force.
Tensile Stress Shear Stress
 Stresses and strains
Compressive load Failure in shear

Stresses are acting normal to the surface yet the material failed in a different plane
 Principal stresses and
strains
What are principal stresses.
Planes that have no shear stress are called as principal
planes.
Principal planes carry only normal stresses
 Stresses in oblique plane
In real life stresses does not act in normal direction but
rather in inclined planes.

Normal Plane Oblique Plane

 Stresses in oblique plane
P
=
A
P =Axial Force
A=Cross-sectional area
perpendicular to force
2
n Unit depth
n = cos

t = sin2
2
t

 Stresses in oblique plane
1 1
Member subjected to direct stress in one plane

2

Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually 1 1
perpendicular plane

2



Member subjected to simple shear stress.

2


Member subjected to direct stress in two 1 1

mutually perpendicular directions + simple shear
stress

2




 Stresses in oblique plane
Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually
perpendicular directions + simple shear stress

1 + 2 1 2
n = + cos2 + sin2
2 2
1 2
t = sin2 cos2
2

 Stresses in oblique plane
Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually
perpendicular directions + simple shear stress
POSITION OF PRINCIPAL PLANES
Shear stress should be zero

1 2
t = sin2 cos2 = 0
2
2
tan2 =
1 2

 Stresses in oblique plane

Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually
perpendicular directions + simple shear stress
POSITION OF PRINCIPAL PLANES

2
tan2 =
1 2
2 2
sin2 = 2
(1 2 ) + 4 2

cos2 =
(1 2 ) 1 2
2
(1 2 ) + 4 2

 Stresses in oblique plane
Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually
perpendicular directions + simple shear stress
2
1 + 2 1 2 2
Major principal Stress = + +
2 2

2
1 + 2 1 2 2
Minor principal Stress = +
2 2

 Stresses in oblique plane
Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually
perpendicular directions + simple shear stress
MAX SHEAR STRESS

d
d
(t ) = 0

d 1 2 1 2
2 sin2 cos2 = 0 tan2 =
d 2

 Stresses in oblique plane
Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually
perpendicular directions + simple shear stress
MAX SHEAR STRESS

Evaluate the following equation at

1 2
t = sin2 cos2
2
1 2
tan2 =
2
1 2
(t )max =
2
( 1 2)
+ 4 2

 Stresses in oblique plane
Member subjected to direct stress in one plane

Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually

perpendicular plane

Member subjected to simple shear stress.

Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually

perpendicular directions + simple shear stress
 Stresses in oblique plane
Member subjected to direct stress in one plane

1 + 2 1 2
n = + cos2 + sin2
2 2
1 2
t = sin2 cos2
2
Stress in one direction and no shear stress 2 = 0 = 0

1 1
n = + cos2 = 1 cos2
2 2

1
t = sin2
2

 Stresses in oblique plane
Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually
perpendicular plane

1 + 2 1 2
n = + cos2 + sin2
2 2
1 2
t = sin2 cos2
2
Stress in two direction and no shear stress =0

1 + 2 1 2
n = + cos2
2 2

t = 1 2
sin2
2

 Stresses in oblique plane
Member subjected to simple shear stress.

1 + 2 1 2
n = + cos2 + sin2
2 2
1 2
t = sin2 cos2
2
No stress in axial direction but only shear stress 1 = 2 = 0

n = sin2
t = cos2

 Principal stresses and
strains
PROBLEM- The tensile stresses at a point across
two mutually perpendicular planes are 120N/mm2
and 60 N/mm2. Determine the normal, tangential
and resultant stresses on a plane inclined at 30deg to
the minor stress.
 Principal stresses and
strains
PROBLEM- A rectangular block of material is
subjected to a tensile stress of 110 N/mm2 on one
plane and a tensile stress of 47 N/mm2 on the plane
at right angles to the former. Each of the above
stresses is accompanied by a shear stress of 63 N/
mm2 and that associated with the former tensile
stress tends to rotate the block anticlockwise. Find

1)The direction and magnitude of each of the principal

stress.

2) Magnitude of the greatest shear stress.