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TO GC NGHING THOT KHUN

I/ . TO GC NGHING THOT KHUN :

i vi cc sn phm c gn, vu li, rnh su. . .hay c b mt vt th ta

nn thit k gc vt theo hng m ca khun chc rng sn phm s thot khi
lng khun mt cch d dng .
Gi tr gc vt ph thuc vo tnh co rt ca nha v chiu cao vt. Thng
thng gi tr ny nm trong khong 0,250 30 cho mi mt bn. Tuy nhin i
vi nhng sn phm c chiu cao cn vt t 5mm tr xung th ta c th khng
cn to gc thot khun v ma st gia mt sn phm v thnh khun l khng ln
do vic x l b mt trong qu trnh lm ngui nn sn phm c y ra mt cch
d dng .
Khi khng thit k gc thot khun hay thit k khng ng th ma st gia
b mt sn phm v mt khun s rt ln. Khi sn phm s b kt li trong
khun hoc nu c y ra ngoi i chng na th b mt sn phm cng s b li
bi lc cht y qu ln lm thn b mt .

Hnh : a) Sn phm b kt li trong khun b) Sn phm thot khun d dng

xc nh gc thot khun cho sn phm th ta c th da vo bng quan h ca

nghing thnh ( gc thot khun ) vi chiu cao v chiu dy thnh ( mm ) :

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1/40 1/20 10 20 30 40 50

Chiu cao thnh sn phm ( mm )

0
0,11 0,22 0,44 0,87 1,31 1,74 2,19
50 0,22 0,44 0,88 1,75 2,62 3,50 4,37
0,33 0,65 1,31 2,62 3,93 5,24 6,56
100 0,44 0,87 1,75 3,49 5,24 7,00 8,75
0,55 1,09 2,19 4,36 6,55 8,74 10,94
150 0,66 1,31 2,63 5,24 7,86 10,49 13,12
0,77 1,52 3,06 6,11 9,17 12,23 15,31
200 0,88 1,74 3,50 6,98 10,48 13,98 17,50
0,99 1,96 3,94 7,85 11,97 15,73 19,68
250 1,10 2,18 4,38 8,73 13,10 17,48 21,87
1,21 2,39 4,81 9,60 14,41 19,21 24,06
300 1,32 2,61 5,25 10,47 15,72 20,97 46,84
(mm)
Chiu dy thnh sn phm ( mm )

Hoc c th da vo th sau xc nh gc thot khun cho thch hp :

Hnh : Gc vt v chiu cao vt .

to gc nghing thot khun chi tit mu th ta thc hin bng lnh Draft trong
module Part phn mm Pro/Engineer Wildfire 3.0 nh sau :

1.1./ Click trn thanh cng c hoc c th click Insert > Draft. Xut hin

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vi cc la chn nh sau :
- References : C ba la chn to c tnh vt nghing nh sau :
+ Draft surfaces : Yu cu chng ta hy chn
nhng b mt cn vt nghing. Bn c th chn
nhng mt ring l hay nhng mt lin tc nhau.

Ch : Bn cng c th chn mt hay nhiu b

mt cng lc to gc nghing. c th chn
c nhiu mt cng lc th ta nhn gi phm
CTRL v click chn ln lt cc b mt. Mt khc, ta c th s dng hp thoi
Surface Sets tp hp nhng b mt cn vt nghing, m hp thoi Surface
Sets ta click chn Details phn Draft surfaces .

+ Draft hinges hoc : Yu cu chng ta nh r nhng

ng trung lp ( neutral curves ) trn nhng b mt vt nghing, khi to
nhng mt vt nghing bng cch cho xoay quanh ng trung lp. Click chn
Details m hp thoi Chain , y cho php ta thao tc v nhng cnh m ta
chn lm cnh c nh ca mt vt nghing ( gi l draft hinges chain ). Ta c th
chn mt mt phng hay mt ng curve xc nh v tr ca khp ni ( draft
hinges ) trn b mt vt nghing .

+ Pull direction : Yu cu chng ta nh r chiu ca gc vt nghing (draft

angle) . Bn c th chn mt mt phng, cnh thng, trc chun hay trc ca toa
. Click chn Flip o chiu vt nghing ( biu th bi mt mi tn mu vng).
Khi chng ta chn mt mt phng hay mt ng curve lm khp ni vt (
draft hinge ) th phn mm Pro/ENGINEER s t ng xc nh chiu ko.

thay i chiu hoc xc nh chiu ko th click ( Pull

direction ) v chn mt mt phng, mt cnh thng, mt trc chun, hay mt trc
ca ta .

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- Split : To gc vt bng cch split th cho php chng ta cp nht t nhng gi

tr gc vt nghing khc nhau n vic xc nh nhng chiu khc nhau ca mt b
mt
C nhng la chn chia nh sau :
+ Split options : Vi cc la chn
* No split : Khng c chia nhng b mt vt
nghing .
* Split by draft hinge : Chia nhng b mt vt
nghing dc theo draft hinge .
* Split by split object : Chia nhng b mt vt
nghing bi mt b mt quilt hay sketch no .
+ Split object : Cho php chn ng curve phn chia phc tho bng cch click
chut chn Define hoc c hai la chn nh sau :
* Mt b mt quilt trong trng hp nhng i tng chia th giao vi b mt
vt nghing .
* Mt ng curve phc tho ang tn ti bn ngoi .
Define : Cho php nh ngha ng curve phn chia phc tho trn b mt vt
hoc trn mt phng khc.
+ Side options : Vi cc la chn nh sau
* Draft sides independently : nh r hai gc vt c lp cho mi cnh ca
b mt vt .
* Draft sides dependently : nh r mt gc vt duy nht vi cnh vt
th hai chiu i din .
* Draft first side only : Vt cnh u tin ca b mt vi cnh cn li th hai
trong chiu trung lp ( neutral position ) .
* Draft second side only : Vt cnh th hai ca b mt vi cnh cn li u
tin trong chiu trung lp ( neutral position ).

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- Angles hoc : Cho php nhp nhng gi tr ca gc vt nghing

bng cch nhp gi tr mi vo hoc double-click vo gi tr ca gc

vt nghing trn mn hnh v thay i chng..
- Options : C nhng la chn nh ngha v mt hnh hc ca gc vt
+ Exclude loops : Cho php chng ta chn nhng ng
xung quanh (contours) loi tr t nhng mt vt
nghing .
+ Draft tangent surfaces : Phn mm Pro/ENGINEER t
ng ko di phc tho k c nhng b mt tip tuyn
chn nhng b mt vt .
+ Extend intersect surfaces : Phn mm Pro/ENGINEER ko di b mt vt
nghing tip xc vi b mt lin k ca mu .
Ch : La chn Extend intersect surfaces th khng thch hp trong nhng
trng hp nh sau : Khi trong Split options vi chn la Split by split object,
Draft sides independently, Split by split object, v khp ni ca b mt vt ( draft
hinge )th c chn .
- Properties : Cho php t tn cho c tnh vt
nghing v xem thng tin ca c tnh bng cch

click chut vo biu tng .

- : thay i chiu gc vt
nghing .

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- : thay i chiu ko .

1.2./ NHNG CCH TO GC THOT KHUN CHO SN PHM

( DRAFT ) :
1.2.1. TO GC VT C BN ( BASE DRAFT ) :
1.2.1.1. Ta s to c tnh vt nghing c bn cho cc cnh vi gc vt l 10
cho chi tit sau y :

Cc bc thc hin nh sau :

- Click biu tng trn thanh cng c hoc click Insert > Draft .
- Chn nhng mt xung quanh ca khi .

- Click vo ( Draft hinges ) v chn mt phng (1) .

- Ta nhp gi tr 10 vo hoc double-click vo gi tr 1 trn

mn hnh v sa li l 10 > H thng s cp nht nh hnh bn di :

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- Ta nhn thy vt nghing s di chuyn b vt liu t b mt ca khi. vt

nghing cng thm vt liu vo b mt ca khi th ta click vo biu tng

Reverse angle to add or remove material > Ta nhn c kt qu nh hnh bn
di :

- Click to c tnh vt nghing. Ta nhn c kt qu nh sau :

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1.2.1.2. S dng cng c Exclude Loops :

Cho php ta loi tr b mt khng cn vt m trc ta chn. C tc dng
khi trn cng mt b mt b phn chia c hai ng vin (contours) c vt.(
c minh ha nh hnh bn di ) .
Ch : Ch lm c lc ta tin hnh bc xem trc kt qu vt nghing (click

), trc khi kt thc lnh vt nghing (Draft) .

- ch vt c mt ng vin (contours) th click Options v click

, sau chn ng vin nh hnh bn di :

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- Khi ta nhn c kt qu nh sau :

1.2.1.3. S dng la chn Extending Intersect Surfaces :

Chng ta c th s dng la chn Extend intersect
surfaces ko di b mt vt nghing n gp b mt
k bn ca m hnh.
Chng hn, nh hnh bn di khi ta tin hnh vt b mt 1

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Nu ta khng chn Extend intersect surfaces th ta c kt qu nh sau :

Cn nu c chn Extend intersect surfaces th ta nhn c kt qu nh sau :

1.2.2. VARIABLE DRAFT :

Cho php ta nhp gi tr gc vt ti nhng im iu khin khc nhau dc khp
ni ca b mt vt ( draft hingle ) hoc b mt vt ( draft surface )
Minh ha Variable draft nh hnh bn di :

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1. B mt vt nghing (Draft surface)

2. Khp ni ca b mt vt (Draft hinge)
3. B mt chn nh ngha chiu ko (Pull Direction)
4. Nhng gi tr gc vt (Draft angles)
5. Nhng a im ca gc vt (Nhng im iu khin)
Cc bc to Variable Draft :

- Click biu tng hoc click Insert > Draft .

- Click chn b mt (1) vt nghing .

- Click (Draft hinges) v chn mt phng (2). H thng

s t ng xc nh chiu ko (pull direction) nh trn hnh bn di :

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- Nhp 15 vo v click .

- Click chut phi vo ch nh hnh v chn Add

Angle. H thng s to thm im iu khin gc vt khc nh hnh minh ha :

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- Ta Double-click vo gi tr gc vt ti v tr va to (gi tr ca gc vt th hai)

v nhp vo gi tr l 5

- Click vo im iu khin gc vt u tin v thay i gi tr v tr l 0,5 thnh

0,25 ta nhn c kt qu nh sau :

- Sau cng click . Ta nhn c kt qu nh hnh bn di :

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1.2.3. SPLIT DRAFT :

1.2.3.1.

- Click biu tng trn thanh cng c .

- Chn vi cnh bn ca chi tit. ( bi v tt c nhng b mt bn u tip
tuyn vi nhau lc khi vt nghing s t ng ko di n tt c nhng
b mt quanh khi ).

- Click (Draft hinges) v chn mt phng TOP

.H thng s t ng xc nh chiu ko ( Pull Dicrection ) .

- Click Split v chn Split by draft hinge t menu

Split options , chn Draft sides dependently t menu Split side

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- Nhp gi tr l 10 vo . Mt khc, click Reverse angle

to add or remove material thay i mt vt (draft side)

- Sau cng click . Ta nhn c kt qu nh sau :

1.2.3.2. To Split Draft bng cch s dng Sketch :

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- Click biu tng .

- Chn b mt (1) .

- Click vo (Draft hinges) v chn mt phng (2).

- Click chn Split v chn Split by draft object t

menu Split options ri click Define menu Split object , chn b mt (1)
v v pht bin dng nh hnh bn di, sau thot khi mi trng
Sketch.

Ch : Sketch phi dng m

- Nhp gi tr l 5 vo u tin v gi tr l 10 vo th hai nh hnh

. Mt khc, click Reverse

angle to add or remove material thay i chiu vt .

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- Sau cng click . Ta nhn c kt qu nh sau :

1.2.3.3. To Split Draft bi hai Hinges :

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- Click hoc click Insert > Draft.

- Chn b mt bn ca khi tr (cylinder) ( b mt th hai s t ng c
vt nghing bi v mc nh l ko di n nhng b mt tip tuyn
(extended to tangent surfaces).

- Xc nh khp (hinge) u tin . Click (Draft

hinges) v chn (1) trn khi tr (cylinder) .
Ch :Chn mt na cnh (1) xong th nhn gi phm SHIFT ri chn li
cnh ln na ch rng chng ta ang thm vo chui la chn ny,
sau chn cnh th hai.

- Click v chn mt trn ca khi tr nh ngha chiu ko (pull

direction) .

- Click Split v chn Split by draft object t menu

Split options . Chn (2) .

- Xc nh khp (hinge) th hai . Click (Draft

hinges), nhn gi phm CTRL v chn (3). Tip theo l nhn gi phm
SHIFT tng t nh phn xc nh khp (hinge) u tin .
- iu chnh gc vt cho hai pha (both sides). Kt qu nh sau :

- Sau khi xc nh hinge th hai th chn Draft sides dependently trong

menu Side options . Ta nhn c kt qu nh sau :

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Ch : Thay v chn nhng curve chains th chng ta co th chn b mt

trn v b mt di ca khi tr nh hinge u tin v th hai..

1.2.4. Tangent Draft :

- c tnh Tangent Draft c th cng thm hay loi b vt liu lin tc n
nhng b mt chn ca mt mu tham chiu trn mt hay c hai bn ca mt
mt phn khun (parting surface).
- Tangent drafts c nhng la chn nh sau :
+ Curve-driven tangent draft : Cho php cng thm vt liu trn mt hay c
hai bn ca mt phn khun (parting surface) gia mt ng curve tham chiu
vi nhng b mt chn ca mu tham chiu, lin tc n nhng b mt
+ Constant-angle tangent draft : Cho php cng thm vt liu bng cch i
theo qu o ca ng curve tham chiu (reference curve) v nhng b mt
ang to ti mt gc khng i xc nh n phng hng ko (Pull Direction).
c tnh ny c s dng vt nhng b mt m c tnh thng thng khng
th lm c.

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+ Tangent draft cut : Di chuyn vt liu trn mt hay c hai bn ca mt

ng curve tham chiu (a reference curve) ti mt gc xc nh n nhng b
mt ca khi tham chiu v cung cp mt trng thi lm trn gia nhng b mt
vt vi nhng b mt k tip ca mu
tham chiu.
- Trn menu MOLD, click Feature > Ref
Model > Tan Draft hoc click Insert >
Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces
hoc trong module Part click
Applications > Mold/Casting > Click
Insert > Tangent Draft . Xut hin hp
thoi Tangent Draft nh hnh bn .
- Phn Geomerty To Create c cc la
chn nh sau :
+ Solid Draft : Vt nghing c to nh
mt c tnh khi c bi vic di chuyn
vt liu t mu tham chiu .
+ Surface Draft : Vt nghing c to
nh mt c tnh b mt .
+ Draft Curve : H thng khng di chuyn vt liu hay to nhng b mt,
m n ch tnh ton kt qu draft curves t s giao nhau ca nhng b mt
vt tip tuyn vi mu tham chiu .
- Phn xc nh chiu (Direction) th c hai chn la nh sau :
+ One Sided : Vt nghing c to ch mt bn ca ng curve tham
chiu.
+ Two Sided : Vt nghing c to c hai bn ca ng curve tham
chiu.

1.2.4.1. CCH TO MT CONSTANT-ANGLE TANGENT DRAFT

PHA TRONG MT B MT VT ( INSIDE A DRAFT
SURFACE ):

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- Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces hoc click
Applications > Mold/Casting > Click Insert > Tangent Draft . Xut hin
hp thoi Tangent Draft.

- Click vo biu tng . Click chn Plane, Crv/Edg/Axis, Csys

xc nh chiu vt.

- Click chn thanh References ri sau click pha di Draft Line

Selection v chn ng curve tham chiu (reference curve).
- Trn menu CHAIN ta click Tangnt Chain ri chn mt cnh di ca
mu tham chiu nh trn hnh v click Done .

- Ta nhp gi tr 5 vo Angle ri nhn ENTER.

- Nhp gi tr 0,4 vo Radius v nhn ENTER ( gi tr bn knh ging
nh bn knh bo trn trn nh ).

- Click . Ta c kt qu nh hnh sau :

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1.2.4.2. CCH TO MT CONSTANT-ANGLE TANGENT DRAFT

PHA NGOI MT B MT VT ( OUTSIDE A DRAFT
SURFACE ) :
Trong v d sau, ta s to vt nghing 50 ti gn ca chi tit. Mt khc, c
gc bo R = 0,4 di gn, gi c gc bo th ta phi cng thm mt
constant-angle tangent draft nh sau :

- Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces hoc click
Applications > Mold/Casting > Click Insert > Tangent Draft. Xut hin hp
thoi Tangent Draft.

- Click biu tng . xc nh chiu ko (pull direction) th ta chn

b mt trn ca phn ta cn vt ( gn ), khi mt mi tn mu hng ln
xut hin.
- Click Flip mi tn mu hng xung. Click Okay.
- Click chn thanh References v chn cnh (1) bn trn ca gn nh hnh sau
. Click Done.

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- Ta nhp gi tr 5 vo Angle ri nhn ENTER.

- Nhp gi tr 0,4 vo Radius v nhn ENTER ( gi tr bn knh ging
nh bn knh pha di ca gn ).

- Click biu tng xem trc kt qu .

- to mt vt tip tuyn (tangent draft) tri di c b mt ca gn nh hnh

bn di th ta click chn thanh Options, click di Select Surfaces, v

chn mt bn (1) ca gn nh hnh trn.
Ch : C mt k h tn ti gia tangent draft v tr gia chi tit. khc
phc ta nhn gi phm CTRL v chn b mt bn ca tr (2) .
- Click OK trong hp thoi SELECT .

- Click biu tng xem trc.

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- Click .
- Cc b mt khc ca gn ta tin hnh tng t nh trn.

1.2.4.3. CCH TO MT CURVE-DRIVEN TANGENT DRAFT :

Cch 1 :

- Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces. Xut hin hp thoi

Tangent Surface trong c chn mc nh .

- Click thanh References. Xut hin Menu Manager v menu CHAIN .
- Chn mt ng curve hay mt cnh v click Done.

- Click pha di Tangent To v chn b mt tham chiu thch hp.

- Click . Nhn c kt qu nh sau :

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Cch 2 :

- Trn menu MOLD, click Feature > Ref Model > Draft Line. Chp nhn tn
mc nh l DRAFT_LINE_1 . Xut hin menu DRAFT LINE vi phn Parting
Surf c nh du chn menu SEL ELEMENT.
- Click Done menu SEL ELEMENT .
- Chn mt phn khun (parting surface).
- Trn menu DRAFT LINE ta click chn Parting Crv. Xut hin hp thoi
CURVE .
- Nhp gi tr gc vt l 15 .
- Chn c hai na ca b mt (1) ca mu tham chiu nh hnh sau :

- Click chn Okay chp nhn chiu ko ( Pull Direction).

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- Trong hp thoi CURVE click OK. Sau click Done trn menu DRAFT
LINE . Ta c kt qu nh sau :

- On the MOLD menu, click Feature > Ref Model > Tan Draft. Xut hin hp
thoi Tangent Draft. Chp nhn Pull Direction, Geometry v Direction mc
nh trn thanh Results .
- Click chn thanh References v chn ng vt (draft line). Trn menu
CHAIN click Curve Chain v chn parting line va mi to, sau click Select
All v click Done .

- Click .

1.2.5. CREATE A TANGENT DRAFT CUT

Trn menu MOLD, click Feature > Ref Model > Tan Draft. Xut hin
hp thoi Tangent Draft . Nu chiu ko (Pull Direction) cha xc nh th
chng ta hy nh ngha n .

- Click chn biu tng .

- Cc la chn kiu hnh hc :

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+ Solid Draft : Vt nghing c to nh mt c tnh khi c bi vic di

chuyn vt liu t mu tham chiu .
+ Surface Draft : Vt nghing c to nh mt c tnh b mt .
+ Draft Curve : H thng khng di chuyn vt liu hay to nhng b mt,
m n ch tnh ton kt qu draft curves t s giao nhau ca nhng b mt
vt tip tuyn vi mu tham chiu .
- Select the Direction option:
+ One Sided : Vt nghing c to ch mt bn ca ng curve tham
chiu.
+ Two Sided : Vt nghing c to c hai bn ca ng curve tham
chiu.

- Click chn thanh References v click pha di Draft Line, v chn

ng curve tham chiu.
- Ta nhp gi tr gc vt vo Angle .
- Ta nhp gi tr bn knh bo trn gia nhng b mt vt vi nhng b mt
k bn ca mu tham chiu vo trong Radius .

- Click biu tng xem trc kt qu.

- Click to c tnh.

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