TO

L O R D L O ND E S B O R O U G H .

MY LOR D T hei nter es t hich y ou r l ord shi p ha s a l w a y s ta k en

w

in hi s toric a l s tu di es ha s encou r a g ed m
,
e to o ff er to you thi s v ol
u m e of w ha t m b e tr u ly co n s id e r ed a s t he d a r k f ea tu r e s of
a
y
h is tory It a pp ea r s to m eth a t th es e a r e f ea tu r es o n w hich s o m e
ti m es a t l ea s t w e ou ght to d w ell a nd w hich it h a s b een t o o m
.

u ch
'

t he fas hio n w i t h hi s toric a l w riter s t o co n c ea l f ro mv i ew a nd I ,

am n ot s u r e i f w e a r e no t a t thi s m om ent su ff eri ng fro mt he r e

su l t s o f th a t co nc e a lm ent .It is tru e tha t if in tr a ci ng t he his
,

tory o f d ec l i ni ng R o m e w e p a s s g ently o v er t he cri m

, es o f a
C a l igu l a o r a C o m modu s if w e show t he bright s ide o f t he his
,

to r y o f t he m iddl e a ges a nd hid e th eir v iciou sness a nd bru ta l ity ,

if w e t ell t he st o r y o f R o m a ni smw i t ho u t it s a r roga nc e it s p e,

r

se cu t io n s a nd it s m
,
a s s a cr e s or if w e a ttem
,
pt to t r a c e t he prog
r es s o f s oci et y fromd a r k nes s to l igh t w i t hou t ent eri ng i nto t he
,

d eta i l s o f tho s e st ra nge ha ll u ci na t io ns w hich h a ve a t ti m es d is

gu red a nd i m p ed ed it su ch a s a r er el a ted in t hefo ll o w i ng nar
r a i ves
t in a cti n g th u s w e sp a r e t he r ea d er m u ch tha t i s borri

b l e a nd r ev o lt i ng to his b etter f eel i ngs b u t a t t he sa m , et i me ti m e

w e d es tro y t he m ora l a nd u t i l i t y o f hi s tor y i t s el f .

If I m i sta k e not t he hi story p r es ented in thi s vo l u m e fu rni sh es

mor e th a n a ny oth er a n ex a mpl e o f t he ma nner in w hi ch t he
,

p u b l ic m ind m u nde r p a rtic u l a r circ u m st a n c e s b e a cte d u p on

a
y ,

The p a ga ni s mo f ou r for efa t h ers i ns tea d

,

b y erro neo u s ,

r a dic a ted b y p a p a l R o m
,

o f b ei ng e e w a s pr eserved a s a u sefu l
,

instru m ent o f p o w er a nd fo ster ed u nt i l it gr ew i nt o a m onster far

morefea r fu l and d egra di ng tha n t heori g i na l fromw hich it spru ng
,

,

1
 6 LO R D LO NDE S B O R OUGH .

a nd in n itely more cr u el in it s i n u enc e It is t he obj ect of t he

.

f o ll o w i ng d eta ch ed hi s tori es t o exhibit t he ch a r a cter a nd for m s

u nd e r w hich a t va rio u s di ffer ent p eriod s t he su p er stitio ns o f

, ,

s orc er y a nd m a gic a ff ect e d t he p rogr ess o r i nter fer ed w i t h t he

,

p ea c e o f soci ety A t rst th ey a pp ea r ed a s t he m

. er e a l m o st
,

un ob se er v d
,
f a b l es f he u
o t v l g a r t h en th e y w er e s ei z ed u p on a s
a n a r mo f t h e ecc l e s i a s ti c a l p o w e r to cru sh tho se w ho d a r ed to
,

qu estio n t he sp iritu a l doctri nes or o p po s e t he t em

,
p ora l p o w er o f
t he p a p a l chu rch F ro mthi s ti m e s orc ery m ake s it s a pp ea ra nc e

more frequ ently in hi story u nt il it g a ined t ha t hol d on t he mi nd s

.

o f a ll c l a s s e s w hich l e d to t he fea r fu l p er sec u tions o f t he s ix

t eent h a nd s event eenth c entu ri es
I t is n o p a rt o f t he d es ign o f t hi s v ol u m
.

e t o enter i nto a dis

q u is it io n o n w h a t h a v e b ee n t e r m e d t he occ u l t s ci e nc es n or d o,

I p r etend t o gi ve a r egu l a r hi story o f w itchcra ft I h a v e m . er ely

\
a ttem p t ed to sho w t he i n u enc e w hich su p erstition o nc e ex er
c ise d o n t he hi st o r y o f t he w orl d b y a few na rra ti v es ta k en fro m
,

t h e a nna l s o f p a st a ges o f ev ent s w hich s eem

,
ed to p l a c e it in
it s stro ngest a nd c l ea r est l ight . F or th ese sk etch es thro w n to ,

geth er s om ew h a t h a sti ly a nd g a t h er ed fro ma el d o f r es ea rch

,

w hich ha s a l w a y s ha d gr ea t a tt r a ctio ns fo r m e I ventu r e to c l a i m

,

fro my ou r l ord s hi p a n i ndu l genc e w hich w i ll b e t he m or e va l u ed

fr omt he a pp r eci a tio n w hich I k no w th a t th es e s tu di es h a ve
a w a y s r ec e i ved fro myo u ; a nd I h a ve o nly t o h0p efor t he sa m e
indu l gen c e fro mt he p u b l ic a t l a rg e .

I h a v e t he honor to b e m ord ith i c r r p ct

, y l ,w s n e e es e ,

Y ou r l ord ship s v er y fa i t h fu l s er va nt

,

T H OMA S W R I G H T .
 Co NT E N T s

CH AP TER I.
Intr odu ction PA GE 9
C H AP TER I I S t ory o f t heLa d y Al ic eKyt e l er 23
CH A PT ER II I Fu r t her Poli t ic a l U sag eof t heBel i ef in Sorc ery
m
. .

TheTe p l a r s 33
CH A PT ER IV .

S orc er y in F ra nc e TheC i t i zens of A rr a s 47
CH A PTER V The Lord of M ir ebea u a nd Pi erred Est a i ng t he

mi t
.

A l che s 58
CH A PTER VI .
Theea rl y M edi eva l T yp eof t heSorc erer ; Vi r
g i l t he En ch a n t er 67

CH A P TER VI L The l a tt er M edi eva l Typ es of t he M a g ic ia n ;
Fri a r Bacon a nd Dr Fa u st u s 80
m
.

CH A PT ER VII I S orc er y in G er a ny in t heFif tee n th Ce nt u r y ;

m
.

t heM a ll e u s M a le ca r u 92
CH A PT ER I X W i t chcra ft in Sco tla nd in t heS ix t eent h Cent u ry 1 03
m
.

C HA P T E R X K ing J a e s a n d t he W i t ches o f Lo t h ia n 1 1 5

.

CHA PTER XL M a g ic in Eng la nd d u r ing t heA g eof t heB efor

mt io
a n 1 26
CHA PTER XI I .
TheEng li sh Ma g icia ns ; Dr Dee a nd hi s Fol
.

l ow ers 1 43
CH A PT ER XI II TheW i t ches o f W ar b oys
. 1 59
CH A PTE R X I V The Poet r y of W i t c hcra ft 1 73
CH A PTER XV W i t chcra f t in Fra nc ein t heSi xt eent h Ce
.

ntu ry 1 85
CH AP TER XVI Pi erre d La ncr e a nd t he W i t ch es of La b ou rd

1 97

.

CH A PTER XV I L M ag ic in Sp a in ; t he A u to da fe of Log rono - -

CH A PTE R X VI I I nt u r e
A d ve s of Do ctor Torra l va 21 6
Tri a l of t he Ea rl a nd Cou nt ess of Som
.

CHA P TER X I X . e r set

CH A PTER XX La M ar cha l d A ncr e 241

CH A PTER XXLLou i s Ga u fr idi

.
8 C O NTE NTS .

CH A PTER XX II .
TheUrsu l in es of Lou d u n PA GE 256
CH A PT ER X X I II TheLa nca shire W i t c hes 2 66

.

CH A P TE R XX I V .W i t chc r a f t in Eng l a nd du ri ng t heea rl i er p a rt

o f t heS e ve nt eent h Cent u ry 286
CH A P T ER XX V
. W i t chcra f t u nd er t he Com monw ea l th ; M a t
t hew H op ki ns t he W i t ch Fiind er
-
302
CH AP T E R XX V I .W i t chcra f t in G erm a n y in t h e ea rl i er p a r t of
t he S eve nt e ent h Cent u ry 324
CH A PTER XXVI I TheW i t c hes of Sco t l a nd u nd er Ki ng J a m
. es
a ft er his A cc ession t o t he Eng l i sh Throne
CH A PTER XXV III Conf essions of I sob el G ow d i e
CH A PT ER XX I X TheW itch es o f M ohra in S w ed en
.

CH PA T E R X
X X Si r M a tth ew H a l e a nd Chief J u st ic eH ol t
-

C H A P T E R XXX I TheDoi ng s o f S a t a n in New Eng l a nd

.

CH APTER XXXII Concl u sion

.
 S OR CERY A ND V

C HA P T E R I .

I NT R O DU C T O R Y .

I F t he u ni v er s a l ity o f a b el i ef b e a p roo f o f it s t r u t h , f ew
creeds h a ve b een b et t er esta b l i s h ed t h a n th a t o f s orc er y E very
m m m m
.

p eop l e, fro t he ru d es t to t he o s t re ned , w e a y a l o st a dd

in ev ery a g e, h a v e b el i eved in t he k i nd o f su p er na tu r a l a g enc y
w hich w e u nd er st a n d b y t hi s t er m . I t w a s fo u nd ed o n t he
equ a lly ex t ens i v e cr eed , th a t , b es id es o u r o w n v i s ib l e exis
ten c e, w e l i ve in a n i nv i s ib l e w or l d o f sp iritu a l b ei ngs , b y w hi ch
ou r a c t io n s a nd e ve n ou r t ho u gh t s a r e o ft e n gu id ed , a n d w hich
m
h a v e a c ert a i n d eg r ee o f p o w er o ver t he el e ents a nd o v er t he
ordi na ry cou r s e o f orga nic l i fe M a ny o f t h es e p o w erfu l b ei ngs
m m
.

w er e su p p o s ed t o b e en e i es o f a n k i nd , e nd i sh cr ea t u r e s
w hich thir st ed a ft er h u m m
a n b l ood , or d e o ns w ho s e co n s t a nt

m m
b u s i nes s it w a s to te p t a nd s ed u c eth eir v ic t i , a n d d ep ri veh i m
o f t he hop e o f s a l va t i o n m
T h es e b ei n g s w er e th e s el ves su b
m m
.

j ect to c ert a i n y s t erio u s i n u en c es a n d b ec a e t h e s l a v es ev e n

m
,

of orta l s , w h en b y th eir p ro fou n d p enet r a t io n i nt o t he secr et s

of n a tu r e t h e y obt a i ned a kno w l edg e o f tho s e i nu enc es B u t
m m
.

or e fr eq u ent ly t h eir i nterco u r s e w i t h a n w a s vo l u nt a ry , a nd

t he s erv i c es th ey r end er ed hi m w er e o nl y i nt end ed t o d r a w hi m
m
to a or e c er t a in d est r u ction I t is a d a rk su bj ec t fo r i n vesti ga
.

t io n ; a n d w e w i ll no t p r et en d t o d ec id e w h et h er , a nd ho w fa r ,
a high er P ro v id e nc e m a , in s o
y m e c a s es , h a v e p e m
r itt ed su c h

i nt erco u rseb et w een t hena t u ra l a nd su p er na tu r a l w orl d Y et t he.

 Io A ND M A GI C .

su p er st itio ns t o q i lr ich thi s cr eed ga ve ri s e h a v eex ert ed a m

s ight y
i n u enc e o n st ri ct-y t hrou gh a g es w hi c h it is fa r fro mu nint er
o

est i ng t o t r a ceI n it s o u t w a rd m
, ,

a ni fes t a t io ns

g m
.

The b el i e f O f w h i ch w e a r e t r ea t i n a n i fes t ed i t s e l f u nd er
s orc ery a nd m a ic T h e m gici d i
'

two g a a n e r e d
f romt h w it ch in thi s t h a t w hi l e t he l a t t er w a s a n i g nor a nt in
.

'

st r u m ent in t he h a nd s o f t he d em o ns t he fo r m er ha d b eco m
o , , ,

m
e
'

rm
,

t heih a st e r b y t he po w er fu l i nt e edi a t io n o f a s ci en c e w hich

w a onl y w i t hi n t he r ea ch o f t he few a nd w hich t h es e b ei n g s
s
I n t he ea rl i er a g es t hi s m
,

M a r ? u na b l e t o di s ob ey yst eriou s s ci
jt d e o u ri s hed w id ely a nd t h er e w ere n ot ed s choo l s o f m
.
,

a gic

ip s ev er a l p a rts o f E u rop e O ne o f t he m o st fa m
,
'

ou s w a s t h a t
'

o f T o l edo in S p a i n n ea rly o n t he co n ne s w hich di v id e d C hri s

'

t endo mfro m I s l a m o n t h a t s piri t u a l n eu t ra l grou n d w h er e t he

,

d em on m
,

i ght t hen bid d e a n c e t o t he go s p el or t he K or a n It .

w a s in t hi s s choo l t h a t G er b er t i n t he t ent h c ent u r y is s a id to

h a ve ob t a i n ed his m
, ,

a rv e ll o u s pro ci en c y in k no w l edgeforbid d en
b y t he chu rch G er b er t l i v ed a t T o l edo in t he hou s e o f a cel
eb r a t ed A r a bi a n p hi l o s oph er w ho s ebook o f m gri m
.
,

a gic o r ,
oir e , ,

h a d u nu su a l p o w er in co erci ng t heev i l o ne G er b er t w a s s ei z ed .

w it h a n a rd ent d es ire o f po ss es s i n g t hi s book b u t t he S a r a c en

w o u l d no t p a rt w i t h it f o r l o v e o r m o ney a nd l es t it m
,

ight b e
n fro mhimh eco n c ea l ed it u n d er hi s pi ll o w a t n igh t
, ,

st o l e , The .

S a r a c en h a d a b ea u t i fu l d a u gh t er ; a n d G er b er t a s t he l a s t r e
s o u rc e g a v e his l o v e t o t h e m n a n d in a m om ent o f a m
,

a ide o

rou s con d enc e l ea rn ed fro mher w her e t hebook w a s con c ea l ed

, ,

H em r dru nk s t o l e t he gri m
.

a d e t he p h il o s o ph e oir e a nd t ook t o
The m a gici a n fo ll o w ed him a n d w a s e
, ,

ight . n l ed b y co n , ,

s u l t in
g t h e s t a r s to k n o w w h e r e h e w a s ei t h e r o n e a rth o r w a

B u t G er b er t a t l a st b a f ed hi m b y h a n gi ng u nd er a bri d g e
, ,

t er
i n su ch a m l em
.
,

a nn er t h a t h e t o u ch ed n ei t h er o n e e ent no r t he
other a nd na lly a rri v ed in s a fet y o n t he s ea shor e H er e he
o p en ed his book a nd b y it s po w erfu l ench a nt m
, .

ent c a ll ed u p t h e
nd hi m l f w ho a t his ord er s c a rri ed himin s a fety to t he
,

a rch e se ,

o p po s ite co a st
T he s ci enc e o f t hem
.

a gici a n w a s d a n g e rou s b u t not n eces s a ,

ri ly fa ta l t o his s a l v a t io n T h e po s s es sion o f o neobj ect l ed na t

u nt i l a m n o r a v a ric e o r s o m
.
,

u r a ll to t he d e s ir eo f a n o t h e r bi t io e
y
o t h er pa ssio n t em pt ed hi ma t l eng t h t o m
, , ,

a k e t h e na l s a cri c e

G er b er t i s s a id t o h a ve s o l d hi m i ng m
.
,

s el f o n co nd i t io n o f b e ade

a p o pe M a gici a ns w er e i n gen er a l b ene cent r a t h er t ha n

no x io u s t o t h eir f ell o w m
.
, , ,

en ; it w a s o nly w h en p ro v ok ed t h a t
-

m m
,

t he y jin u r ed o r t o r en t e d t h e ; a n d th e ir v e n g ea n c e w a s i n
 EUSTA C E T HE M ONK TH EO PHILUS . 11

mt os ca ses of a l u d icro u s ch a ra cter A m a gici a n o f t he t w e l ft h

c en tu r y na m
.

, ed E u s ta c et he M o nk w ho a l so ha d s tu di ed in T o l e ,

d o w a s i ll r ec ei ved in a ta vern in r et u rn fo r w hich hec a u s ed t he

-

ho s t es s a nd her go ssip s t o ex p o se th em
, ,

se l v es in a di s gra c efu l
ma nner t o t he ridic u l e o f their fell o w t o w nspeop le; t he l a tter -

ha d s ho w n himdi s r es p ect a nd he set th ema ll b y t heea rs w ith

,

his co nj u ra tio ns ; a w a go ner in w ho s e vehic l e he w a s ri d i ng

tr ea t ed himw i t h i nso l en c e a nd b eterri ed himw ith his encha nt
, ,

ment s Anot her necroma n c er a ccordi n g to a story o f t het hir

,

t eent h c ent u ry w ent t o a to w n to g a i n m

.
,

oney b y his fea ts ; t he

to w ns p eo pl e l ook ed o n b u t ga v e himnothi ng ; a nd in r even ge
,

b y hi s m m m m
, ,

a l l st ri p t o t he s k i n
a gic a r t ed ae
( o nica
) h e a d e th e , ,

a nd in thi s co n ditio n d a n c e a nd s i n g a bo u t t he s tr ee ts
S om eti m es t he evi l o ne ha d i nt ercou r s e w i t h m
.

en w ho w er e
no t m a gici a n s ; w h e n th ey w er e i n u e n c ed b y s o m e u na tta i na b l e
d es ir e he a pp ea r ed to th emc a ll ed or u nc a ll ed a nd bou ght t heir
, , ,

s o u l s in e x cha n ge fo r t he gr a t i c a t ion o f t h eir w i sh es No t u n

f req u ently t h e v icti mha d fa ll en su dd enly fro mw ea l t h a nd po w
.

er t o extr em e p o v erty a nd h el p l ess nes s a nd t he t em p t er a p

o himw h e som
, ,

p ear e d t n h e h a d re t ir ed to e s o l ita r y s p ot to hid e

t he p oi g na n c y o f his gri ef T hi s circ u m s ta n c e w a s a f e rt i l e

s ou rc e o f s tori es in t he m idd l e a g es a nd in m
.

o st o f w hich t he
v ic t i mo f t he e
,

nd is r e s c u ed b y t he i nter fe r enc e o f t he Virgi n

S om et i m es he s ou ght a n i nter vi ew w i t h t he d em
.

o n throu gh t he
a g en c y o f a m a gic i a n Th u s T h eo p hi l u s a p er s ona ge w ho g
r extensiv ely in m edi ev a l l egen d s w a s t he s ene
.
,

u re s ra th e s ch a l

o f a bi s ho p a nd a s s u ch a rich a nd p o w er fu l m
,

an b u t hi s p a
tron di ed a nd t he new bi sho p d epri v ed himo f his pl a c e a nd it s
, ,

em ol u m
,
~ ents T heo p hi l u s in hi s di st r es s co n su l ted a J ew w ho
w as a m
.
, , ,

r c a ll ed in t he end a nd I heop hilu s

'

a gici a n ; t he l a tt e

so l d hi m
,

se l f o n co ndit io n o f b ei ng restor ed t o hi s o l d d i g nity

The tem p er o f m
,

w ith i ncr ea s ed po w er a nd a u tho r it y en r a i sed

in t hew orl d in t hi s m
.

a n n er w a s g e ne r a lly ch a ng ed a nd th ey b e
ca m
,

e vi n dic t i ve cru el a nd vi cio u s It w a s o ne o f t he a rtic l es

o f t he co m p a ct o f Th eophi l u s w i t h t he d em
, , .

o n th a t du ri ng t he r e
ma ind er o f his l i fe he shou l d pra cti se ev ery k i nd o f vic e a nd
,

o pp r es s io n ; b u t b efor e his ti m e ca m e h e r ep ented a nd fro ma

,

grea t si nner b ec a m
, ,

e a gr ea t s a i nt W e ha ve in t he l eg en d o f
n er a l typ e o f a m edi ev a l m
.
,

F a u st Dr . t he ge a gi c i a n .

T hew itch h el d a l o w er d egr eein t hes c a l eo f forbid d en k now l

edge S he w a s a sl a ve w ithou t r eco m p en s e she ha d so l d her
ct u nl ess it w er e t he m
.

sel f w itho u t a ny a pp a r e nt obj e er e p o w er

Thew itc h r em d a l w a ys t he sa m
,

of doi ng e vi l . a i ne e poor a nd ,
12 S O R C E RY A ND M A GIC .

d esp i s ed ou tc a s t fro ma m
an o n g her fell o rea tu r es I t is t o w -c
o f p er s o ns th a t o u r w ork w i ll b e m
.
,

thi s c l a s s ore especi a lly d evo

t ed ; a nd in t h e p r es ent ch a pter w e w i ll end ea vor t o t r a c e a m id
t he d iml ight o f ea rly m
,

edi ev a l hi st ory t h e id ea s o f o u r f ore

fa th ers o n t hi s s u bj ect p rev io u s t o t he ti m
,

e w h en tri a l s fo r s o r
c ery b ec a m
,

e f req u ent
It ha s b een a n a rt ic l e o f pop u l a r b el i ef fro mt he ea rl i est p e
.

r io d o f t he hi s t ory o f t he n a t io n s o f w est er n E u rop e t h a t w o m

,

en
w er e m
,

or eea s i ly brou ght i nto connect ion w i t h t hes piri t u a l w or l d

t ha n m en pri est ess es w er e t h e fa v ori t e a g ent s o f t he d ei t i es o f
t he a g es o f p a g a n i s ma nd t he n a t u r a l w ea k nes s a nd v eng efu l
f eel i ngs o f t he s ex m T o t h em
,

a d e th eir p o w er a n obj ect o f f e ar

es peci a lly w er e k no w n t he h erb s o r a ni m

.

a l s o r o t h er a rt ic l e s

w h ich w er e noxio u s t o m r em o ni es a nd ch a rm
, ,

a n k i nd a n d t hec e s

w h er eb y t he i n u enc eo f t h e god s m
,

ight b e obt a i n ed to p r es erv e

or t o i nj u r e A ft er t hei nt rod u ctio n o f C hri st i a n ity it w a s t hed e
momw ho w er esu pp o sed to l i sten t o t hese i n c a nt a t ions a nd t h ey
.
,

a r es trictly f orbidd e n in t heea r ly ecc l es i a s tic a l l a w s w hich a l on e

n cogn i z a n c eo f t h em W el ea r n fro m
,

a pp ea r a t r s t t o h a vet a k e .

th es e l a w s tha t w i t ches w ere b el i eved t o d est roy p eop l es c a tt l e

a nd good s to s trik e p e, opl ew it h di s ea s es a nd ev en t o c a u s et h eir

,

d ea th It do es no t a pp ea r ho w ever t h a t pr ev io u s t o t he t w el ft h
c entu ry a t l ea st th eir p o w er w a s b el i ev ed t o a ri s e fro ma ny di
.
, ,

r ec t co m
, ,

p a ct w i t h t he d evi l I n t he a dv ent u r es o f H er ew a rd a
nch a nt a w ho l e a rm
.
,

w itch i s i ntrod u c ed t o e y b u t she a pp ea rs t o

d er ive her po w er fro ma spirit w hich p r es id ed o v er a f o u n t a i n
,

T he Angl o S a xo n w o m en s eemfro ma ll u s io ns m
.

-
et w i t h h er e
r e in o ld w riter s t o h a v e b een m
,

a nd th e u ch a d d ic t e d t o th es e
,

su p e rst itio u s pra c t ic es b u t u nfortu na t ely w e h a ve very l i t tl e in

f or m ir p a rtic u l a r formor d es cript io n T he cha r
,

a t io n a s t o th e

r o f H i ld a in Bu l w er s n ob l e ro m
.

a ct e a nc e o f K i ng H a rol d is

, ,

a fa ith f u l pictu r e o f t he S a x o n s orc e r es s o f a high er c l a s s Du

ri ng t he p eriod su b sequ ent to t h e Norm
.

a n co n qu e st w e a r e b et ,

te r a cqu a i n t ed w ith t he g e ne r a l ch a r a ct er o f w i t chcr a ft in En g

l a nd a nd a m ong o u r n eigh b o r s o n t h e cont i nent b ec a u s e m or e
o f t he hi st oric a l m onu m
, ,

ent s o f t ha t p eriod h a v e b een pr es erv ed .

D u ri ng t he t w el ft h a nd t hir t eenth c ent u ri es t he po w er o f t he

w itch es to do m i s chi ef w a s d eri ved fro ma dir ect co m
,

p a ct w ith
t he d em on w ho mt h ey w er e bou nd to w or ship w i t h c erta i n
rites a nd c er em
,

o ni es t he s h a d o w s of tho se w hich ha d in r e
moter a ges b een p erformed in honor o f t he pa ga n god s S o u
,

t h ey s b a ll a d has giv en a m
.

od ern p o p u l a ri t y t o t he s t ory o f t he
w it ch of B er k el e w hich W illia mo f M a l m b y n hi tori an
y , s u r a s ,
 THE WiT CH OF BERKELEY . 13

of t he s r t ha lf o c entu ry r el a tes fromt he i nform

f t h e t w el fth a

tio n o f o n e o f his o w n a cqu a i nt a nc es w ho a s su r ed h imt h a t he

,

a n d w ho m W i ll i a m
,

w a s an e y e w itn e-
ss w o u l d h a ve b e e n
a sh a m No s oo ner ha d h er u nea rt h ly m
,

ed to di s b el i eve a st e

m
r
giv en t hem
.

i ser a b l ew o a n w a r ni ng th a t t hehou r ha d a ppro a ch ed

w h en he s hou l d t a k e n a l po s s es s io n th a n s he c a ll ed t o he r
d ea t h b ed her chi l dr en a nd t he m o n k s o f a neighbori ng m
,

-
ona s
t er y co nfes s ed her ev i l co u r s es a nd her su bj ectio n to t he d evi l
gged t h a t they w ou l d a t l ea st s ec u r e h er body fromt he
, ,

a nd b e

S ew m

h a n d s o f t he en d s e she sa i d in t he hid eo f a s ta g
t h en p l a c e m
,
.
, ,

e in a st o ne co f n a n d fa st en in t he co veri n g l ea d
,

a n d iro n Upo n thi s p l a c e a no t h er s t o ne a n d ch a i n t he w ho l e

do w n w i t h thr ee h ea vy ch a i ns o f iro n Let ft y p sa l m
.
,

s b e s u ng

ea ch n ight a n d fty m
.

a ss e s b e sa id b y d a y to br e a k t he po w e r
mons I f yo u ca n t h u s k eep my bod y three night s on
, ,

o f t he d e

t he fou r t h d a y yo u m
,
.

a
y s e c u r ely b u r y it i n t h e g ro u n d T h e s e
d ir ec t io ns w er e ex ec u t ed t o t he l ett er ; b u t p sa l m s a nd m
.

a ss e

s
w er e eq u a lly u n a va i l a b l e The r st night t he pri est s w i t h st ood
t he eff ort s o f t he end s ; t he s eco nd th ey b ec a m em or e c l a m
.

o
rou s t he ga t es o f t he m
,
o n a stery w er e bu r st O p en in s pit e o f t he
s tr e n gt h o f t he bo l t s a n d t w o o f t he ch a i ns w hich h e l d do w n t he
co f n w ere brok en tho u gh t he m idd l e o n e h el d r m O n t he
,

t hird n ight t he c l a m or o f t he end s i n crea s ed ti ll t he m

,
.

ona st er y
tr em b l ed fro mit s fou nd a tion s ; a n d t he pri ests st i w i t h t error
'

, ,

w er e u na b l e to proc eed w i t h th eir s er v ic e T h edoor s a t l engt h

bu rst op en o f th eir o w n a ccord a nd a d em o n l a rg er a nd m
.

,
or e
t errib l e tha n a ny o f t he o t h er s st a l k ed i nto t he chu r c h H e
d a t t he cof n a nd w i t h a fea rfu l voic eord er ed t hew o m
.
,

st o pp e ,
an

t o a ri s e S he a ns w ered t h a t s he w a s h el d d o w n b y t he ch a i n
t hed em
.

o n p u t his foot t o t he c o i n t h e l a s t ch a i n bro k ea su nder ,

l ik e a bit o f t hr ea d a nd t he co veri ng o f t he co in ew o ff T he
, .

bod y of t he w itch t h en a ro s e a nd her p er sec u tor took her b y t he

,

ha nd a nd l ed her to t he door w h er e a b l a ck hors e o f giga ntic

d w ith iro n spik es a w a ited t h em a n d
, ,

st a t u r e it s b a ck co v er e

s id ehim d f ro mt he s ight
, , , ,

se a t i ng h e r be o n i t s b a ck hedi s a pp ea r e

rri ed m on k s Bu t t he horribl e s cr ea m s o f h is v i ct i m
,

o f t he t e

w er e hea rd t hrou gh t he co u n try fo r m

.

i l es a s t h ey p a s s ed a l o n g
A t thi s p eriod t he w itch es met toget h er b y night in s o l i t a r y
.

pl a c es t o w ors hip t h eir m r w ho a pp ea r ed to th emin

,

a st e

t he s h a p e o f a ca t or a go a t or s o m et i m es in t h a t o f a m
, ,

an

A t th es e m eet i ngs ; a s w e a r e i n for m

, , .

ed b y Joh n o f S a l i sbu ry
they ha d fea s ts a nd s o m
,

ew er e a pp oi nt ed t o s er v e a t t a b l e w hi l e ,

Ego illu d a t all su d ivi, qu i sevidiu ej u r a r et , cu ierub escere m non cr edere.

J
 14 S O R CE RY A ND M A GIC .

oth ers r ec ei ved pu ni shm ent or r ew a rd a ccord in g t o t h eir z ea l in ,

t he s er v ic e o f t he ev i l o ne H i t her a l s o t hey brou ght ch i l dr en

w hich t hey ha d s to l en fro mt h eir cr a d l es a nd w hich w er e s o m
.
, ,

e
ti m
,

es to r n t o pi ec es a nd d evo u r ed W e s ee h ere t he r s t o u t
l i nes o f t hew i t ch es s a bb a t h o f a l a ter a ge Thew i t ch es c a m
.

e
to th es e a s sem bl i es ridi ng throu gh t he a ir m o u nt ed o n b esom
.

W i ll i a mo f Au v ern e w ho w rote in t he t hirt eent h c ent u ry in

, .

for m
, ,

s u s t ha t w h e n t he w i t ch e s w i s h ed t o go t o t he p l a c eo f r e n
d ez v o u s t h ey t ook a r eed or c a n e a nd o n m a ki n g s o m em a gi

ri ng c erta i n b a rb a rou s w ord s it b ec a m

, , ,

c a l s ig ns a n d u tt e e t r a ns
form ed i nt o a hor s e w hich c a rri ed th emthi t h er w i t h ex t r a o r d i
,

m m
,

n a ry r a pidit I t w a s a ve r y co o n a rtic l e o f b el i ef i n t h e
y
middl e a ges th a t w omen of thi s c l a ss rode a bou t throu gh t he a ir
.

a t n ight m ou nt ed on stra n g e b ea st s ; t h a t t h ey p a s s ed o ver im

,

mens e di st a nc es in a n i ncredib l e short s pa c e o f t i me; a nd t ha t

,

th ey ent ered m en s hou s es w i t ho u t O p eni n g doors or w i ndo w s

,

a nd d est ro y e d th eir goods a nd i nj u red t heir p er s o ns w hi l ea sl eep

s om et i m
, ,

es ev en c a u si ng t heir d ea t h V i n c ent o f B ea u v a i s in .
,

t he thirt eenth c entu r y t ell s a s t ory o f o n e o f t h es e w a nd eri n g

da m
,

es w ho o ne d a y w ent t o t h e pri est in t he ch u r ch a nd sa id

S i r I did yo u a gr ea t s erv ic e l a st ni ght a nd s a v ed yo u fro m
, , ,

mu ch evi l ; fo r t he d a mes w ith w ho mI a ma cc u sto med t o go

, ,

a bo u t a t n ight ent e r ed y ou r ch a m b er a nd if I h a d no t interc ed ed

w i t h t h ema n d pr a y ed fo r yo u t h ey w o u l d h a v e do n e yo u a n in
, ,

T he d oor o f m am
, ,

j u ry S a y s t he pri es t y ch b e r w a s l ock e d
T o w hich t he O ld w o m
.
,

a n d bo l t e d ; ho w co u l d yo u ent er it an

fo r w e a r e a ssu r e d t h a t it w a s a n o l d w o m ) s w er ed
( an a n S ir

r door no r l oc k ca n r est r a i n or hi nd er u s fro mfreely goi n g

, , ,

n eith e

in a nd o u t w h er ev er w e choo s e T h en t he pri est sh u t a nd .

bol t ed t he ch u r ch door s a nd s ei z i n g t he sta ff o f t he cro s s I
-

t ha t I m
, ,

w i l l pro ve if it b e t r u e s a id h e a y r ep a y
y o u f or s o

grea t a s ervi c e a nd heb el a bor ed t he w o m

, ,

a n s b a c k a n d s ho u l

,

d er s T o a ll her ou tcri es his only r eply w a s G et o u t o f t he

.
, ,

chu rch a nd y s i nc e nei t h er door no r l ock c a n r est r a i n yo u

It w a s a n a rg u ment t h a t co u l d no t b e eva d ed A w ri t er o f t he
,

r o mhis o w n ka o w le
.

t w el ft h c e nt u r y ho w ever r el a t e s
f d g p a n in

nt w h er ea w o m
, , ,

c id e a n in F r a n c e h a d b ee n s ei z e d fo r her w ick ed
opi nio ns a nd cond em n ed to t he r e b u t w i t h a w ord or t w o o f

co nt em
, ,

p t fo r her k eep er s a nd j u d g es s he a ppro a ch ed t he w in

d o w o f t he roo min w h i c h s hew a s co n n ed u t t er ed a ch a r ma nd
,

, ,

i ns t a nt ly d i sa pp ea r ed in t he a ir o
.

A no t her fa c u l t y po ss ess ed by t hew i t ch es o f t het w el ft h a nd t hir

t eent h c entu ri es w a s t h a t o f t a ki n g s t r a ng esh a p es a s t ho seo f d if
, ,
 THE ME TAM O RPH O SIS . 15

fo ren t iman a l s o r o f tr a ns for m i ng oth ers It w as a v ery p r eva

l ent b el i ef tha t su ch pers o ns tu rned th em
.
,

se lves i nt o r a v eno u s
w o l ves a n d w a n d er e d a b o u t b y n igh t t o d evou r p eop l e T h ey too k
ma n y ot her s h a p es t o indu l ge p a s sions w hich cou l d not b eot h er
, .

w i s e g r a t i ed T h ey s om et i m es r ev en g ed them se l v es u pon t hei r

en em i es o r tho se a ga i ns t w homth ey bor e il l w il l b y tu rni ng
.

themint o dogs o r a s ses a nd they co u l d o nly recover th eir s ha p es

, ,

by b a thi n g in ru nn i ng w a ter W i ll i a mo f M a l m
,

sb u ry i n t heea r
.
,

l i er p a r t o f t he t w el ft h c entu ry tell s u s th a t in t he high ro a d t o

R om e t h er e d w el t t w o ol d w om
, ,

en o f no good r epu t a tion in a , ,

w r etch ed hu t w h er e th ey a ll u r ed w ea r y tr a vell er s a n d b y th e ir
ch a r m y tr a n sfo r m ed t h emi nt o hor s es o r sw i ne or a ny oth er
,

s t he

a nim y cou l d s ell t o t he merch a nts w h o p a s s ed th a t

, ,

a l s w hich t h e

w a y b y w h ich m ea ns th ey ga i ned a l i v el ihood O ned a y a jo u g

l eu r o r m
, .

o u nt eb a n k a sk ed fo r a n ight s l odgi ng ; a n d w h en t h ey

w er e i n form ed o f hi s p ro fes s ion t h ey to l d h imth a t th ey ha d a n

, ,

ma rka bl e for it s i nt ell igenc eb ei n g d e ci ent

,

a s s w hi ch w a s r e

only in s peech b u t w hich w ou l d do ev ery k i n d o f fea t it w a s o r

,

d er ed t o do T he j ou gl eu r s a w t he a s s w a s d el ight ed w i t h it s
ex p l oi t s a nd bou ght it fo r a con s id er a b l e su mO f m
,
.

o ney T he
w om a n t o l d hi ma t p a rt i ng th a t if he w ou l d p r e rve t h e a ni m
, .

se al

l o n g he m fu lly k eep it fro mw a t er The m

,

u st c a r e ou nt eb a nk
fo l l o w ed t h es ed ir ec t i o ns a nd hi s a s s b ec a m
, .

ea very fer t i l es ou rc e
B u t it s k eep er w ith i ncr ea s e o f rich es b ec a m em
,

o f p ro t .
,
ore ,

di s s o l u te a nd l ess a t tent i ve t o his int erests ; a nd o ne d a y w hi l e

,

he w a s i n a st a t e o f dr u nk en forgetfu l n ess t he a ss es c a p ed a nd
s t s tr ea m i nt o w hich it ha d n o s oo n er
, ,

r a n d i r ect l y to t he n e a re

thro w n its el f th a n it r eco v ered it s origi na l s h a p e o f a h a nd som

,

e
y ou ng m T he m ou nteb a nk s oo n a ft er w a rd m
,

an i s s i ng his a s s
t ou t a n xio u s ly in s ea rch o f it a n d m et t he y ou ng m
.
,

se a n w ho

to l d himw ha t h a d h a pp ened a n d ho w he ha d b een t r a ns form

, ,

ed
by t he w ick ed ch a r m s o f t he o l d w o m
,

en T he l a tter w er e ca r
ri ed w ith himb efor e t he p o p e t o w ho mth ey confes s ed t h eir evil
.

p ra c t i c es .

T he p o w er O f t hew itch es w a s i nd eed v ery gr ea t ; a nd a s th ey

w er e b el i ev ed to b e entir ely occ u pi ed in t he p erp et r a t io n o f m is
chi ef it w a s in t h ese ea rly a ges a n obj ect o f u n i v ers a l t error
T h ey s en t s torm
.
,

s w hich d e s tro y ed t he cro p s a nd overt hr ew or ,

se t r eto p eop l es ho u s es T h ey s u n k ship s o n t he s ea

T h ey
c a st ch a r m
.
.

s on p e o pl es c a t t l e T h ey c a rri ed a w a y chi l dr en

fro mt he cr a d l e a nd o ft en tor e a n d d evo u r ed t h ema t t h eir ho r r i

.

b le orgi es w hi l e s o m eti m
,

es th ey l eft ch a n g el i ngs in t h eir p l a c es

Th ey str u c k m en a nd w o m en w ith n o x iou s d i s ea s es a nd m
.
,

a de ,
16 S O R CE R Y A ND M A GIC .

t h emgr a du a lly p i nea w a y T heea rl i er G erm a n a n d A n gl o S a x o n -

w itch es w er e s ti ll m
.

or e ferociou s for it a ppea r s t h a t w h en they

fou n d m en a sl eep o r off t h eir gu a rd th ey sl ew t h ema nd d e
,

i r h ea rt a nd br ea st a cri m
, , , ,

v o u r ed th e e fo r w hich a s ever e p u n i s h
ment is a ll otted in t he a nci ent l a w s of some o f t he T eu t on ic
,

trib es Bu t it a pp ea rs b y s o m e o f th ese l a w s th a t t he w itch es

h a d co ntri v ed a s i n gu l a r m
.
, ,

od e o f ev a s io n W h en th ey fou nd a
ma n a sl eep th ey tor e ou t his h ea rt a nd d evou r ed it a nd th en
.

ll ed t he c a vi t y w ith str a w o r a pi ec e o f w ood or s o m

, ,

e o t h er
ir ch a r m s ga v e hi m
, ,

su b st a nc e a nd b y th e a n a rti ci a l l i fe s o th a t

he a p p ea r ed to l i ve a nd m
, ,

o v e in t he w orl d a nd ex ec u t e a ll his
fu nc t io ns u nti l l o ng a ft er t he a ctu a l cri m
,

e ha d t a k en p l a c e a nd
then he p i ned a w a y a nd s eem
, ,

ed t o d ie
T he p ra ctic e o f b ew itchi ng a n d k i ll i ng p eo p l eb y ch a r m ed im
.
,

a ge s o f w a x w hich is s o o ft en m,
entioned in l a t er ti m es do es no t ,

occ u r in t he ea rl i er hi s to r y o f s orc ery in t hew es t It is no t dis

t inct l y m
.

entio ned u nti l t he b egi nn i ng o f t he fou rt een th c entu r y ;

b u t it m u st no t b e forgotte n th a t w e h a ve no d et a i l ed tri a l s o f
w itch es i n th es e ea rly a ges a n d th a t co n s equ ently w e nd o nly ,

a cci d en t a l a ll u s io ns t o th eir pr a c t ic e s T he ea r l i est t ri a l fo r .

w itchcr a ft in E n gl a nd occ u r s in t he t enth y ea r o f t he r eign o f

K i ng John w h en a s it is bri e y sta ted in t he A b b r ev ia t io P la
ci t a r u m t he o nly r e cord o f t he l eg a l p roc eedi ngs o f t he t i m
, ,

e
A gnes t he w i fe o f O do t he m
, ,

erch a nt a cc u s ed G id eo n o f s o r
c ery ( d c s or cer ia ) a nd she w as a c q u i t t ed b y t he j u dgm
, ,

, ent o f

[ ]
h ot iro n D u ri.n g t h e r eig n o f E d w a rd II in 1 3 2 4 occ u r s .
, ,

t he ea rl i est c a s e o f s orc ery in E n g l a n d o f w hich w e h a v e a n

y
d eta i l s The a c t ors in it w ere m
. en a nd th eir obj ect w a s t o ,

c a u s e t he d ea th o f t he ki ng t he t w o D esp ensers (his fa v orites ) , ,

a nd t he prior o f C o v e nt r y w ho i t a pp e a r s h a d b ee n su p port ed
, , ,

b y t h e ro y a l fa v orites in oppr es si ng t he ci t y of C oventry a nd

more especi a lly c ert a i n o f it s c iti z ens T he l a tter w ent to a fa
,

mo u s necroma nc er o f C o v entry na med M a ster J ohn o f Not ti ng

.

ha m a nd his m
,

a n R ob ert M a r s h a ll o f L e ic est er a nd requ es t ed

th emt o a id b y th eir necro m
, ,

a nc y a n d th e ir a rt s in bri ngi ng
a bou t t he d e a th o f t he ki n g t he t w o f a vorit e s a nd t h e s a id prior
, , .

R ob ert M a r sh a ll p erha p s in co ns equ enc e o f a qu a rr el w i t h his

ma ster sou ght his r evengeb y l a y ing a n informa t ion a ga i ns t t he
,

other confed era t es H e s a i d t h a t John o f Notti ngha ma nd him

,

ed for a c ert a i n su mo f m
.

s el f h a v i n g a gr e o ney t o do a s th ey w ere
r equ est ed by t he citi z ens t he l a tt er brou ght t h emo n t he S u n d a y
, ,

ne xt a ft er t he fea st o f S t Nicho l a s b ei ng t he 1 1 t h o f M a rch a

su m of m oney in p a rt p a ym
.
, ,

ent w ith seven p ou nds o f w a x a nd ,

 TH E M A G ICI A NS OF C O VE NTRY . 17

t wo d s o f c a n va ss w ith w hich w a x t he n ecro m a nce r a nd his

y ar

ma n ma d e seven i ma ges t he o ne repres enti ng t he king w ith his

,
-
,

cro w n o n hi s h ea d t he s ix o t hers r epr es ent i ng t he t w o D es p en

,

se r s t he pri or his c a t er er a nd stew a rd a nd a c ert a i n p erso n

na m ed R ich a rd d e L o w e t he l a t t er b ei n g cho s en m
, , ,

er ely fo r t he
pu rp o s e o f t ryi ng a n exp eri m ent u po n hi mt o pro v e t he st r en gt h
,

o f t h e ch a rm R ob ert M a rsha l l confes s ed t ha t he a n d his ma s

John o f Nott i ngh a m w ent to a n o l d ru i n ed hou se u n d er
.

t er
S ho r t el y p a rk a bou t h a l f a l ea gu e f ro mt he ci t y o f C o v entry in
, ,

, ,

w hich t h ey b eg a n t h eir w ork o n t he M o n d a y a ft er t he fea s t o f S t

Nicho l a s a nd t h a t t h ey r em
.

,
a i ne d co nst a n tly a t w ork u n t i l t he
S a tu rd a y a fter t hefea s t o f t heA s c ens io n t h a t a s t h e s a id M a s

t er Joh n a n d h e w er e a t t h eir w ork i n t he sa id o l d ho u s e t he

F ri d a y a ft er t he fea st o f t he H o ly C ro s s a bo u t m idnigh t t hes a id , ,

M a s ter John ga v e t o t he sa id R ob ert a bro a ch o f l ea d w i t h a sh a rp

m m
-

o i nt a nd co m a nd e d h i o p u s h it t o t h e d e p t h o f a bo u t t w o
p t
hea d o f t he i m a ge m
,

I n ch es in t hefor e a d e a ft e r R ich a rd d e L o w e ,

b y w hich h ew o u l d pro ve t heo t h er s a nd s o he did ; a nd t he n ext

morn ing t he sa id M a st er John sent t hes a id R ob ert t o t hehou s eo f
t h es a i d R i c h a rd d eL o w e t o s i n w h a t co ndi t io n hew a s a nd t he
py
s a i d R ob ert f u nd t he sa i d R ich a rd s c r ea m
, ,

o i ng a nd cr y i ng H ar
a nd W i t ho u t k n o w l e d g e o f a ny bod y h a vi n g l o s t his m em

r ow !
,

or a nd 8 0 t he sa i d R i ch a r d l a l gu i s hi ng u nt il t h e d a y br e ak
y y a n
o f t he S u n d a y b efor e t he f e a s t of t he A s c e n s io n a t w hich ho u r
t he s a id M a st er John dr ew o u t t he s a id l ea d en bro a ch fro mt h e
,

f or eh ea d o f t hesa id i m a g em a d ea ft er t he s a id R ich a rd a nd t hru s t

A nd t h u s t he s a id bro a ch r em
,

i t i nt o it s h ea rt a i ne d in t he h ea rt
o f t he i m
.

a g e u nti l t he W ed n e s d a y fo ll o w i n w hich d t he

g o n a
y ,

s a id R ich a rd di e d It a pp ea r s t h a t a s t op w a s p u t to t he fu r
.

t h er p ro s ec u tio n o f th eir d es ign a n d t hu s t h e only p er so n w ho

d w a s o n e a ga i nst w ho mt h ey a pp ea r t o ha ve ha d n o c a u s e
,

su e re
'

for m a l ic e T he tri a l w a s a djou r ned fro mt ermt o t er mu nt i l a t

l engt h it di sa pp ea r s fro mt he ro ll s a nd t he p ro s ec u t io n w a s p rob
.

a b ly dr opp e d
I t w as ho w ev er t he ch u rch m or efrequ ently t ha n t he co m mon
.

l a w w hich took cogni z a nc e o f su ch c ri m

, ,

es fo r sorc ery w a s c o n
iv ed t o b e o n e o f t he m
,

ce ea ns u s ed b y S a ta n to stir u p h er es i es ,

a nd it w as o n t hi s a cco u n t t h a t o n t h e co nti n e n t it w a s a t a n
ea r ly p eriod t r ea ted w i t h s o m u ch s e ve ri t y
A po st a t e pri es ts
w ere bel i ev ed t o a tt end t he s ecr et a s s em
.

bl i es o f t hew i t ches a nd ,

The ear l ie st inst a ncew ich I a ve e h h m h

t w i t of t heb u r ning of w it ches, occu r s
i n t h e cu r iou s t r ea t iseof W a t er a pes, l M
D e Nu g is Cu r ia liu , d ist iv , Cha p 6,

m . . .

w r it t en in t her e lg n ot onr e
'

nr y l l .

2
18 S O R C E RY A ND M A GIC .

r m
ec ei veth eir l esso ns f ro t h eev i l o ne A v ery r e a rk a b l eh er etic a l m
m m
.

s orc e r er , n a ed E u do d e S t ell a , l i ved in t he iddl eo f t het w el ft h

c ent u r y , a nd is t he su bj ect of s ev era l w o n d er fu l s t ori es in t he
chro nic l es o f t ho s e t i esm
By his d ia bo l ic a l ch a r s , if w e m

m m
.

b el i ev e W i ll i a o f New b u r y , he co ll ec t ed t og et h er a grea t u l
t it u d e o f f o ll o w e mm
r s S o et i es t hey w er e c a rri ed a b o u t fro m
m m
.

p ro v i nc e t o pro v i n c e, w ith a a z i ng ra pidity , a ki ng co nv erts

w h er ev er t h ey st opp ed . m
A t o t h er t i es t h ey r et ired i nt o d es ert
p l a c es , w h er e th eir l ea d er h el d hi s cou rt w ith gr ea t a pp a r en t
m a gni c e n c e, a nd n ob l e t a b l e s we re su dd enly s p r ea d w i t h rich
v i a nd s a nd s t ro n g w i ne s , s erved b y i nv i s ib l e s piri t s , a nd w h a t e ve r
t h e gu es t s w i sh ed fo r w a s l a id b efor e th e m
in a n i n s ta n t Bu t
m m m
.

W i ll i a o f New b u ry tell s u s th a t he ha d h ea rd , fro s o e o f

m
E u do s fo ll o w er s , tha t t h es e va rio u s ea ts w ere not su bst a nt i a l ,

t h a t th ey g a v e s a t i s fa c t io n o n ly fo r t he mm
o ent , w hich w a s s oo n
fo ll o w ed b y k een er h u ng er t h a n b efor e, s o th a t t h ey w er eco n t i n .

u a l ly ea t i n g A ny o ne, ho w ever , w ho o n c et a sted o f t h es e eet s , m

mm m
.

or r e c ei v ed a ny o f E u do s gi ft s , w a s i edi a t ely hel d b y a ch a r ,

a nd b e m
c a e i nvo l u nt a ri ly o ne o f his fo ll o w ers A k n ight o f hi s
m m m
.

a cqu a i n ta n c e fo r he w a s a an f go o d f a i ly v i s i t e d h i a t
m m
o

h is f a t
n s a t ic
co r
u t , a nd e d
n e av or e d i n v a i n to c o n v e r t h i f ro
W h en he d ep a r t ed E u do p r es ented hi s es q u ir e
.

his evi l w a y s
m m
. .

h h
o

w ith a h an sd o h
e aw k T he n k i ght o b s e r v g i s e s q u i r e W i t

m
. ,

t he bird o n hi s h a nd , a d vi s ed hi t o c a s t it a w a y ; b u t her efu s ed .

a nd th e m
y ha d s c a rc ely l eft t he a ss e bly w hi ch su rrou nd ed E u do s

r est i n g p l a c e, w h en t he esq u ir e fel t t he c l a w s o f his bird gr a s p

m
-

ing hi m tight r
e a nd tigh t er u n t i l b e for e h e co u l d d i s e n g a g e h i

m m
, ,

se l f, it ew a w a y w it h hi , a nd he w a s s een no ore T he .

m
h a w k w a s a d e on E u do w a s a t l ength a rr es t ed by t he a rch
m
.

bi shop o f R hei s , a nd di ed in pri s o n H is fo ll o w ers di sp er s ed

m m
.

w h en t h eir l ea d er w a s t a k en, b u t s o e o f t h e w er e s ei z ed a n d
bu r nt
m
.

T he rel igio u s s ec t s w hich sp r a ng u p ra th er nu ero u sly in t he

t w el fth c en tu ry , in co ns equ enc e o f t hev io l ent i nt el l ec t u a l a gita
m
tio n o f tha t a g e, a nd w hich a tte pted t o t hrow o t h e co r i u p t io ns
'

o f t he p a p a c y , na tu r a lly g a v e g r e a t ala r m
t o t he chu rch ; a nd t he

a d v oc a t e s o f t he l a t t er a dopt ed t he co u rs e, t o o co o n in r el i mm
m
gio ns controvers i es , o f a tt e pti ng to r end er t heir opponent s u n
m m
po p u l a r , b y xi ng u p on t he so e di s gra c efu l stig a T h ey m
mm
.

t hu s a s crib ed t o th e o st o f t hes c a nd a l ou s p r a ctic es w hich t he

m m
fa t h ers ha d to l d the w er e in u s e a o ng t he M a n ich a n s a nd m
m
o t h er h eret ic s of t he pr i iti ve chu rch , w hi l e a o n g t he vu l ga r m
t he y i d e nt i ed t he . Wmi t h t he h at e d sor ce re r a nd w it ch , a nd a c
 S O RCE R Y A ND H E RE S Y . 19

cu s ed themo f b ei n g in dir ect co m pa ct w ith t he d evil The

t y co m p ell ed t h emto ob s er v e ga v e a
.

secr ec y w hich th eir s a fe

r ea d y h a nd l e fo r s u ch s i ni st er r eports W i ll i a mo f R h ei m s t he

pr el a t ementio ned a bo ve a pp ea r s t o h a ve b een a gr ea t p er s ec u tor

.
,

r e nu m
,

o f th es e s ec t s w hich w e ero u s in a ll p a rts o f F r a n c e a nd

w er e k n o w n b y su ch n a m
, ,

es a s P u b l ic a n s (sa id t o b e a corru ption

o f P a u l ici a ns ) Pa t er n in s & c , in t he north a n d W a l d enses in
, .
, ,

t he s o u t h W a l ter M a p es a w ell kno w n E ngl i sh w riter o f t he

.
,
-

l a tter h a l f o f t hetw el ft h c ent u ry in a tr ea t i s e entitl ed De Nu gvs

'

C u r i a l t u m r ec ent ly pu b l i sh ed fo r t he r s t ti m
,

e b y t he a u thor o f
'

th es e p a g es ha s pr es erv ed s o m
,

e c u riou s stori es r el a t i ng to th ese

P u b l ic a n s w ho mhe r epres ent s a s b ei ng u nd er t he nec es s i t y o f
,

ir Opi n ion s fro mt hekno w l ed geo f t hep u b l ic S o m

,

c onc e a l in g t he e
mhesa ys w ho ha d ret u rned t o t heco mmu n ity o f t hechu r ch
.

o f th e

c o nfes s ed t h a t a t t h eir m
, , ,

eeti n g s w hi c h w er e h el d a bo u t t he ,

r s t w a tch o f t h e n ight th ey c l o s ed t h e door s a n d w i ndo w s a n d
d am
, ,

s a t w a iti n g in s i l e nc e u nt i l a t l en g t h a b l a ck c a t d esc end e ong

th em T h ey t h en i m medi a t ely p u t ou t t he l ights a nd a ppro a ch
,

,
.
,

in g thi s st ra n ge O bj ect o f a dor a t ion ev er y o n e c a u gh t ho l d o f it ,

ho w he co u l d a n d ki s s ed it T he w ors hipp er s t h en took ho l d

r m en a nd w o m
.

o f ea ch oth e en a nd proc eed ed to a cts w hich c a n

d T he a rchbi shop o f R hei m
, ,

n o t h er e b e d e s crib e s to l d M a p e s
hi m
.

se l f tha t t here w a s a c erta i n grea t b a ron in t he di strict o f

Vi en n e w ho a l w a y s c a rri ed w ith himin hi s s cri p a s m a ll q u a n

t i t y o f exorci s ed s a l t a s a d ef e n c e a g a i nst t he s orc e

, r y o f t h es e
p eop l e to w hich he t hou gh t h e w a s expo s ed even a t ta b l e I n
for m a tion w a s b rou gh t t o hi ma t l a s t t h a t his n eph ew
, .

w ho w a s
a l so a m n c e(p erh a p s t h e s a m
,

a n o f gr e at w e a l t h a nd i n u e e E u do
d e S t ell a m ent io ned b y W i ll i a mo f New bu ry ) ha d b een co nver t ed
t o t h e cr eed o f t h es e P u b l ic a n s or Pa t em in s b y t he int erm
,

ed i a
tio n o f t w o knig hts a n d he i m medi a tely p a id hima v i s it A s
, .

t h ey a ll s a t a t di nn er t h e n ob l e co nv ert ord er ed t o b e p l a c ed b e
f or e his u nc l e a ne b a rb el o n a di s h w hich w a s equ a l ly t em
,

pt
in g b y it s l oo k a nd sm
,

ell ; b u t heha d no sooner s pri nk l ed a l i t t l e

o f hi s sa l t u p o n it th a n it v a ni s h e ,
d a nd n othi n g w a s l eft o n t he
-
,

di sh b u t a b it o f d irt The u nc l e a sto ni sh ed a t w ha t ha d ha p

.
,

p ened u rged his neph ew to a b a ndo n his ev i l co u r ses b u t in v a i n

ft himc a rr y i ng a w a y a s p ri s oners t he t w o k nights w ho
, , ,

a nd he l e

ha d co r r u pt ed him T o pu n i sh th es e fo r t h eir h er esy he bou nd

,

themin a l i t tl e hu t o f i n a m ma bl e ma t er i a l s t o w hich he s et r e
. ,

in ord er t o b u r n th em b u t w he
,

n t he a s h es w er e c l e a re d aw ay ,

t h ey w er e fou nd tota lly u n hu rt T O cou nter a ct t he effects thi s

fa ls em ir a cl e m i ght p r o du ceo n t he m
.

i nds o f t hevu l ga r t hebar on ,

20 S O RC E R Y A ND M A GIC .

no w er ec t ed a l a rg er b u t w i t h s t i ll or e i n a a bl e m
a ter ia l s , mm m
w h ich he spri nk l ed a ll o v er w i t h ho ly w a t er a s a pr ec a u t io n
a ga i ns t s orc e ry ; b u t n o w it w a s fou nd t h a t t he a es w ou l d n o t m
co mm u nic a tet h e s e m
l ves to t heb u i l di n g W h en p eop l e en t er ed ,
m m m
.

ho w ever , t h ey fo u nd to t h eir a s t on i sh ent th a t t hefor er ir a c l e

w a s r ev er s ed : fo r no w , w hi l e t he w ood en b u i l di n g w hich ha d
b een s pri nk l ed w i t h ho ly w a t er w ou l d no t b u rn , t het w o s orc er ers
w er e fo u n d r ed u c ed t o a s h es T he tr u t h o f t hi s s t ory w a s a s
m
.

se rte d b y t he pri n c e bi shop o f R h ei s (fo r t he pr el a t e w a s t h e

-

F r ench ki ng s bro t h er in l a w ), a n d t he r ea dines s w ith w hich it

- -

w a s r ec ei v ed i s a proo f o f t he extr a ord in a ry cr ed u l i t y o f t he a g e

m
i n a t t er s o f t hi s ki nd W a l t er M a p es , w ho w a s r a t h er b ey o nd
m m
.

his a g e in l ib er a l i t y o f s ent i ent , a ck n o w l ed g es t h e s i pl icit y

a n d i nnoc e nc e o f t h e W a l d en s es , or V a u doi s ; y e t , b ef or e u ch m
m or e th a n a c ent u ry w a s p a st , t h ey a l s o w er e expo s ed t o t he
w or s t p a rt o f t he ch a rg es entio n ed a bo v e m A l i s t o f t he p r e
m
.

t end ed error s o f thi s s ect , co pi l ed prob a b ly a bou t t he end O f t he

'

t hir t eent h c en t u r y , s p ea k s o f t h esa m

e di s gr a c efu l proc eed ings a t
t h eir s ecr et m
eet i ngs o f t he gu r e o f a c a t u n d er w hich t he d e
m o n a pp ea r e m
d to t he , t o r ec ei v e t h eir ho a g e; a nd t ell s u s th a t m
t h ey tr a v ell ed t hro u gh t he a i r o r s ki es a n o int ed w i t h a c ert a i n
m
oi nt ent : b u t t he w ri t er co nfes s es n a i vely th a t th ey ha d no t

do n e su ch thi ngs t o his k no w l edg e i n t he p a rt s w h er e h e l i ved

m m m
.

T he d e o n s w ho t he sorc er er s er v ed s ee r a r ely t o h a ve
given a ny a ssi s ta n c e t o t h eir v ict ifns , w h en t he l a tt er fell i nto t he
h a nds o f t he j u dici a l a u t hori t i es Bu t if t h ey es c a p ed pu n i s h
m
.

ent b y t he a g enc y o f t he l a w , th ey w er e o nly r es erv ed fo r a

m ore t erribl eend W e h a ve a l r ea dy s een t he fa t e o f t hew o a n
. m
o f B erk e l ey A w riter o f t he t hirt eenth c entu r y ha s pr es erv ed
m m
.

a s t ory o f a a n w ho , b y his co p a ct w i t h t he ev i l o n e, ha d co l
l ec t ed toget h er gr ea t rich es O ne d a y, w hi l e he w a s a b s en t in
m
.

t he el d s , a s tr a ng er o f s u s piciou s a pp ea r a n c e c a et o hi s hou s e,
a nd a s k e d fo r hi m
H is w i fe r ep l i ed th a t he w a s no t a t ho e m
m
. .

T he st r a n g er s a id , T ell hi , w h en he r et u r ns , th a t t o n ight he
m u st
p y
a e y d mm
ebt
T h e w i f e r e
.p l i ed th a t s hew a s no t a w a r e

T his ist of t he er r or s of t h eW a dens es is p r int ed in t he R eliq inaa A n t i u e,

l l q "

vol i , p 2 46 h ll
T he c a r g es a u ded t o a r e p a ced a t t heend l
m m m m m m
. . . . .

I t e , b eb ent et i a int er se ix t u a b o i na b i e e l
t pe r ve r sa d og a t a a d hoc
a p t a , se d no n r e
'

m
p en r u o d a b u t a nt u r i n p a r t i l s ist zs a m m
u l t is t ent p o r i b u s
m m
.

It e , i n a l iq u i b u s i t s p a r t i b u s a pp ar et eis d ae on su b sp ecie et g u r a ca t i ,
'

q u e m s u b ca n d a si g ill a t i m o sc u l a u t u r
m m m m
.

I t e i n a l i is p a r t i b u s su per u nu b a cu l u cer t o u ng u e nt o per nnct u eq u i t a nt

mm m l
.

l
a t a d oca a ssig na t a u b i vol u e r i nt co n r e n t u r in e t d t S e d f e t
m
a n n
m g
g o o u v o a . a

p a r t ib u s n o n i n ve u nt u r
"
.

y
Thela t t er is dist inct l a n allu sion t o t he sa b b at h of t hew it che

s .
 EUDO A ND THE
. DE M O N OLGA . 21

he o w ed a nyt hi ng t o hi m m
T ell hi , sa id t he str a n g er , w ith
m
.

a f eroc io u s l oo k ,

t ha t I w i ll h a v e d ebt t o n ight T h e h
y u s
-

m
b a nd r etu rn ed , a nd , w h en i nfor ed o f w h a t ha d ta k en p l a c e,
m m m
er ely r e a r k ed t h a t t he d e a nd w a s j u s t H e th en ord er ed
m
.

hi s b ed t o b e a d etha t n ight in a n o u t ho u s e, w h er ehe ha d never

sl e m
p t b efore, a nd he shu t hi sel f in it w i t h a l ight ed c a nd l e
m m
.

Th e f a i ly w er e a sto ni sh ed , a nd co u l d no t r es i st t he i p u l s e t o
g r a ti f
y th eir c u rio s ity b y l ooki n g thro u h t he ho l es in t he door
g
m
.

T h ey b eh el d t he s a e s tr a nger , w ho ha d ent er ed w i t ho u t Op en
m
.

in g t h e door , s ea ted b es id e hi s v icti , a nd th ey a p p ea r ed t o b e

c o u nti ng l a rge su m m s Of o ney S oo n th ey b ega n to qu a rr el a bou t
m
.

t h eir a cco u nt s , a nd w er e p roc eedi ng fro thr ea ts to b l o w s , w h en

t h e s er va nt s , w ho w er e l ooki ng thro u gh t h e door , b u r s t it op en ,
t h a t th ey m m
ight h el p th eir a s ter T he l ight w a s i ns t a nt ly ex
.

t i n gu i s hed , a nd w h en a no t h er w as bro u gh t , no tr a c es co u l d b e
f o u n d o f eith er o f t h e di sp u t a nts , no r w er e t h ey ev er a fter w a rd
h ea rd o f T he su spicio u s l ooki n g str a n ger w a s t he d e on hi
-
m m
m
.

se lf , w ho ha d c a rri ed a w a y hi s v icti
m m
.

I n s o e c a s es t h e d e o n i nt er fer ed u n c a l l ed fo r , a n d w itho u t
a n y a pp a r e nt a d va nt a g e t o h i s e m .l f A st ory tol d b y W a l t er
M a p es fu rn i s h es a c u riou s i ll u st r a t io n o f thi s , w hi l e it s ho w s u s
t he s tro n g t end en c y o f t he pop u l a r m i n d t o b el i ev e in su p er na t u
r a l a ge ncy Thew a r s a nd trou b l es o f t h et w el ft h c entu r y , joi ned
m
.

w it h t he d efecti v e co nst ru c t io n o f t he s oci a l sy s te , expo s ed

F r a nc e and o t her cou ntri es to t he r a va g es o f troop s o f s o l di er
m
robb er s , w ho a d e w a r o n s oci ety fo r t h eir o w n ga in , a nd w ho
m m
r ep r es ented in a ru d efor t he F r eeC o p a n i es o f a lat er p eriod
mm
.

They w er e co o nly k no w n by t he a pp ell a t io n o f R ou t i er s , a nd

in m a n y i ns t a n c es ha d fo r t h e ir l ea d ers k n igh t s a nd gent l e en m
w ho , h a vi n g s qu a n d er ed a w a y t h eir prop er t y , o r i nc u rr ed t heb a n
o f s oc i ety , b etook th e s e m m
l v es to thi s w i l d od e o f l i fe T he .

chi ef o f o ne O f t he b a nd s w hich r a va ged t he dioc es e o f B ea u v a i s

in t he t w el ft h c entu ry w a s n a ed E u do m H e w a s t he s o n a n d
m
.

h eir o f a b a ro n o f gr ea t w ea l t h, b u t ha d w a sted his p a t ri ony nu

t il he w a s r edu c ed t o b egga r y . O ne d a y he w a n d er ed fro m t he
ci t y i nt o a n eighbori ng w ood , a n d t h er e he sa n k do w n o n a b a nk
s id e, r e ecti ng o n his o w n m i s er a b l e co ndition S u dd enly he
m
.

w a s ro u s ed f ro his r ev ery by t he a pp ea r a n c e o f a str a ng er , a

m a n o f l a rg e s t a tu r e b u t r e p u l si ve co u nt en a nc e, w ho n ev ert h el es s
a ddr es s ed h i m in con ci l i a t o r y l a n gu a ge, a nd s oo n sho w ed t h a t he
k n ew a l l his a ff a ir s T he s t r a nger , w ho w a s n o o t h er t h a n a
m m
.

d e o n in di s gu i se, pro i s ed E u do th a t he s ho u l d n o t o nly r e

co v e m
r his for er ric hes , b u t t h a t he shou l d g a i n i n nit ely or e m
22 S O R C E RY A ND MAGI C .

w ea l th po w er th a n heha d ever p o ssessed b efor e if hew ou ld

a nd

su b m it to his gu id a n c e a nd fo ll o w his cou n cil s A fter m

,

u ch

hes i t a t io n E u do a cc ept ed t het em

.

e a i d ; a n d t he l a tter not

p t r s

o nly w a i v ed a ny di s a gr eea b l e co ndi t io ns o n t he p a rt o f hi s v icti m

,

b u t even a g r eed th a t he w ou l d gi v e himthr ee s u cc ess i v e w a r n

,

i ng s b efor e his d ea th s o tha t he m ight ha v e su f ci ent tim

, e for
r ep enta nc e
F ro mthi s m om ent O l ga fo r thi s w a s t he na m e t h e d em
.

on
took w a s E u do s co n sta nt co m
,

, p a n ion a nd t he a d v i s er o f a ll his

,

a ctions T h ey s oo n r a i s ed a po w erf u l tr oop a n d b y t h e k no w l

.
, ,

edg e a nd s k i ll o f O l g a t he w ho l e di s t rict o f B ea u va i s w a s g r a d
,

u a ll
y o ve rr u n a n d p l u nd e r ed a n d it s i n h a bit a n ts e x po s ed t o ev er y
ou tr a gein w hich t h el a w l ess s ol di ers o f t hem
,

idd l ea ges i n du l ged .

S u cc ess a tt en d ed a l l E u do s u n d ert a ki ngs a nd neith er to w n s nor

c a s t l es w er e s a fe fro mt h eir ra va ges T he p o ss ession s o f t he

,

c l ergy w er e t he s p eci a l Obj ect s o f E u do s fu ry ; a nd t he bi shop

of Be a u v a i s a ft er u s i n g i n v a i n a l l m ea ns o f r ec l a i m in g o r r es i st
i ng him th u nd er ed a g a i nst himt he d eep est a n a th em
,

a o f t he

chu rch I n t he m
,

id st o f t h es ed a ily s c enes O f ra p i n ea nd s l a u gh
t er o ne d a y O l g a m et himw i t h a m
.

or e s erio u s co u ntena n c e th a n
u su a l r em i nd ed himo f his s i n s pr ea ch ed r ep enta nc e a nd r ec
,

om mend ed hima bove a ll thi ngs to s u b mit t o t he bi shop a nd r ec

, , ,

o n cil ehi m
, ,

se l f to t hech u rch E u do ob ey ed ob t a i ned t hebi s hop s

d a b ett er l i fe fo r a short t i m
.
,

a b s o l u t io n l e e a nd t h en r etu rn ed t o
h is o l d w a y s a nd b ec a m
, ,

e w or s e th a n b efor e I n t he co u r s e o f
ri n g exp edi t ions hew a s thro w n fromhis hor se
.
,

o ne o f h i s p l u n d e , ,

a nd brok e hi s l eg T hi s E u do took a s his rst w a rn i n g ; he

r ep ent ed a new w ent t o t hebi sho p a nd m ss io n o m
.

a d e his co nfe i
( t
ti n g ho w ev er a ll m entio n o f hi s co m
,

p a ct w ith O l ga ) a nd r e
ma i ned p ea c efu l ti ll his recovery fromt hea ccid ent w h en he col
, , ,

l ect ed his fo ll o w ers a ga i n a nd p u r su ed his o l d l i fe w i t h su ch

ea g ernes s th a t no o n e cou l d sp ea k o f his n a m
,

e w itho u t horror
A s eco nd w a rni ng t h e l o s s o f his eye b y a n a rro w ha d t he sa m
, .

, e ,

r esu l t A t l ength he w a s v i s it ed b y t he third a n d l a s t w a r n i n g

.
,

t he d ea th o f his o n ly s o n a nd th en tr u e p en it enc e v i s i t ed h is ,

h ea rt H eh a st en ed to t hecity o f B ea u va i s a n d fo u n d t hebi shop

.
,

o u ts id e t he w a ll s a s s i sti n g a t t he bu r ni n g o f a w itch B u t t h e
p r el a te ha d n o w exp eri en c ed s o m a ny ti m
.

es t he fa l s en es s o f
E u do s p eniten c e th a t he r efu s ed to b el i ev e it w h en t ru e T he

ea rnest su pp l ic a tio ns o f t he s i nner ev en t he ta rd y sym

.
,

p a t hy o f
t he m u l ti t u d e w ho s tood ro u n d m o st o f w homha d b een sti er er s
, '

f ro mhis v io l enc e w er e o f no a va i l a nd t he bi sho p p er s i sted i n

,

ng t o t heu nha ppy m

, ,

r efu s i a n t he co nso l tio a n s o f t h e ch u r ch A t .

 THE LA DY ALIC E K YTELER . 23

len gt h , tor m ent ed a nd a nger ed w i t h his i m port u niti es t he bi shop

ex c l a i m If I m
,

ed ,
u s t r el en t b e it k n o w n th a t I e , njoi n a s t hy
p en it en c e t ha t thou t hro w thy s el f i nt o thi s r e w h ich ha s b eer
r e ar e d f o r t he s orc er e
E do r em o n tr t ed t b t thr e w
hi ms elf i nto t he r e a nd w a s consu med to a shes
p ss u s . a n o u ,

, .

W i t h t he fou rt een t h c entu ry w e enter u p o n a n ew p erio d o f

t he hi s tory o f s orc ery T he tri a l o f t he n ecro m a nc er s o f C ov en
t r y a pp ea r s to h a v e origi na t ed in a n a tt em
.

pt to gr a ti fy p ri va te
r ev en g e I n o u r n ext ch a pter w e sh a ll d eta i l a fa r m or eex t r a o r
d ina r y c a s e occ u rri n g a t t he s a m e ti m
.

e w hich a p p ea rs t o h a ve
a ri s en f ro ma ct s o f e xtort io n a nd oppr ess io n F romthi s ti m
, ,

e .
,

du rin g a t l ea st t w o c entu ri es (t he fou rt een t h a nd ft eent h ) w e

d fr equ ent ly a s a po w erfu l i nst ru ment o f
,

sh a l l nd s orc ery u s e

p ol iti c a l i nt rigu e A ft er th a t p eriod w e enter u p on w ha t m a

y
b e ter m
.
,

ed p a r excellence t he a g e o f w itch es
, ,
.

C H AP T E R II .

STOR Y OF TH E L A D Y AL I C E K Y T ELER .

IT w as l a te in t he tw el fth c ent u ry w h en t he A ngl o Nor m a ns -

rst s et th eir f eet in Ir el a nd a s co n q u eror s a n d b efor e t he end ,

o f t h e t hirt e enth t he p ortion o f th a t i s l a n d w hich ha s s i n c e r e

ce iv ed t h e na m e O f t he E n gl i s h P a l e w a s al r ea d y cov er ed w i t h
,

ou ri s hi ng t o w ns a nd c iti es w hich bor e w i t nes s to t he r a pid

incr ea s e o f co m merc e in t he ha nd s o f t he enterp ri s ing a nd in
,

du s t r io u s s ett l er s fro mt he s hor es o f G r ea t B ri t a i n T he c o u nty .

of K i l k e nn y a t t r a cti ve b y it s b ea u t y a n d b y it s v a riou s r es o u rc e
,
s ,

w a s o ne o f t he di st ricts r s t occ u pi ed b y t he i nv a d er s ; a n d a t
t he t i m e o f w hich w e a r e s p ea ki ng it s chi ef to w n na m ed a l s o
K il k enny w a s a st ro ng city w ith a co m ma ndi ng c a stl e a n d w a s
, ,

inh a bit ed b y w ea l th y m erch a nt s o n e o f w ho mw a s a rich b a nk er

, ,

a nd m o ney l end er na m ed W i ll i a mO u t l a w e
,

T hi s W i ll i a mO u t l a w e m d a l a d y o f prop erty na m
.

a rri e ed Al ic e
Kyt el er or LeKyt el er w ho w a s p erh a p s t h es i st er or a nea r rel a
ti ve o f a W i ll i a mKyt eler i ncid enta lly m
, , , ,

m
ent io n ed a s ho l di ng t h e
o o eo f s h eri ff o f t hel ib ert y o f K i l k enny W i ll i a mO u t l a w ed i ed
,

so m et i m eb efor e1 302 a n d his w ido w b ec a m et hew i feo f A d a m

.

13
Bl on d o f C a ll a n o f a fa mi ly w hich b y it s E n gl i sh na m
, ,
eo f W hit e
, ,

h el d co ns id er a b l e esta tes in K i l k enny a nd T ipp er a ry in l a t er

ti m es. T hi s seco n d h u sb a n d w a s d ea d b efore 1 31 1 fo r in t h a t
24 S O R CE RY A ND M AGI C .

e a r t he l a d y Al ic ea p p e a rs a s t he w i fe o f R ic h a r d d eV a l l e: a nd
y
a t t he t i m e o f t he event s na rr a t ed in t hefo ll o w i ng p a g es , shew a s
t he s po u s e O f a fo u r t h hu sb a nd , S ir John l e P o er By her r s t
m m
.

hu sb a nd she ha d a so n , na ed a l s o W i ll i a O u t l a w e, w ho a p
p ea r s t o h a ve b een t he h eir t o his fa t h er s p ro p erty , a nd su c

ce ed ed him a s a b a nk e m
r H e w a s his oth er s fa v orit e chi l d ,

m
.

a nd s e e s t o h a ve i nh erit ed a l s o a good portio n o f t he w ea l th o f

t he l a d y Al ic es s eco n d a n d third h u s b a n d s

m
.

T he f ew i ncid ents rel a t ing t o t hi s fa i ly p r eviou s to t he y ea r

1 32 4 , w hich c a n b e g a th er ed fro m t he entri es o n t he Iri s h r ec
m
ord s , s ee t o sho w t h a t it w a s not a l t og eth er fr ee fro t he tu rhu m
m
l ent s pirit w hich w a s so pr ev a l ent a o ng t he An gl o Iri sh in fo r -

m er a g es m
It a pp ea rs t ha t , in 1 302 , A d a l e B l ond a nd Al ic e
m
.

his w i fei ntru sted to t hek eepi n g o f W i ll i a Ou t l a w et hey ou nger

t he su m o f thr ee tho u s a nd po u nd s in m m
o ney , w hich W i ll i a Ou t
l a w e, fo r t he b et ter s ecu ri t y , bu ri ed in t h eea rt h w i t h i n h is ho u s e,
a m et hod o f con c ea l i n g tr ea s u r e w hi c h a cco u n ts fo r m a ny O f ou r

a nt iq u a ri a n di s co v e ri es T hi s w a s soon noi s ed a bro a d ; a nd o ne

m m
.

n igh t W i ll i a 1e K yt el er , t h e sh eri ff a bo v e ent io ned , w ith o t h

er s , by pr ec ep t o f t he s en es ch a l o f t he l ib ert y o f K i l k enny , brok e
m
i nt o t he hou s e vi ct a r is , a s t her ecord ha s it , d u g u p t he o ney , m
a nd c a rri ed it o ff , a l o n g w ith a h u ndr e d pou nd s b el o n gi n g t o
m m
W i ll i a O u t l a w ehi s el f , Which t h ey fou nd in t hehou se S u ch .

a n o u tr a g e a s t hi s co u l d n o t p a ss in s i l e n c e b u t t h e p erp e t r a tor s
m
a t t e pt e m
d t o sh el t er th e s el v es u nd er t he exc u se th a t , b ei ng d u g
u p f ro m t he gro u nd , i t w a s t r e a s u r e t r ove
-
a n d a s s u ch b el o n g e d
m
,

t o t he k ing ; a nd , w h en A d a l e Bl o nd a nd hi s w i fe Al ic e a t
m m m
t e pt ed to a k e good th eir c l a i s , t he sheri ff tru p ed u p a m
m
ch a rge a g a i ns t th e th a t t h ey ha d c o mm m
itted ho icid e a nd other
m
c r i es , a n d t h a t t h ey ha d conc ea l ed R o es ia O u t l a w e (p erh a p s
t h e s i st er o f W ill i a m O u t l a w e t he y o u ng er ), a cc u s ed o f t h eft ,
fro m t he a g ent s o f j u stic e, u n d er w hich pr et en c es h e thr ew i nto
m
p ri so n a ll thr ee, A d a , Al ic e, a nd R o es ia T h ey w er e, ho w .

ev er , soon a ft er w a rd l ib er a t ed , b u t w e do no t l ea rn if th ey r eco v
er ed t h eir m m
o ney W ill i a O u t l a w es rich es , a nd hi s o t h er s

m

m m
.

p a r t i a l i t y fo r hi , a pp ea r to h a v edra w n u po n t h e both t hej ea l

ou s
y a nd h a t r e d m
of a n y o f th eir n e ighbor s , a nd e ve n o f som e of

th eir ki ndr ed , b u t th ey w er e too p o w er fu l a n d too highly co n

n ect ed to b e r e a ch e d in a ny ordi na ry w a y
m
.

A t t hi s t i e R ich a rd d e Ledr ed e, a t u rb u l ent intri g u i ng pr el

a t e, h e l d t he s ee o f O ss ory , t o w hich he ha d b een co n s ecr a t ed
in 1 31 8 b y m m
a n d a t e f ro m
P o p e John X X II , t he s a e p ont i ff t o
m m m
.

w ho w e o w e t he r s t b u ll a g a i nst s orc ery ( cont r a a os

g a
 T HE LA DY A LIC E KY T ELER . 25

i ca s u e su er s t it io ne s ) , w hich w a s t he g ro u nd w ork of t h e in
g q p
i i t o r i a l p er s ec u tio n s o f t he fo ll o w i ng a g es I n 1 3 2 4 B i hop
q u s s

m
.
,

R ich a rd a d e a v is i t a t io n O f h is dioc es e, a nd f o u nd , a s t he
m
chro n ic l er o f t h es e event s i nfo r s u s , b y a n i nq u est in w hic h
m
w er e ve kh ig ht s a nd o t h er n obl e en in gr ea t m u l t i t u d e, th a t in

t h e cit y o f K i l k enny t h er e ha d l o ng b een , a nd s ti ll w er e, m an

y
s orc er er s u s i n g d iv e rs ki nd s o f w i t c hcra ft , to t he i nvest iga t ion o f
w hich t he bi s hop proc eedi n g , a s he w a s ob l ig ed b y d u t y o f his
o f c e, fo u nd a c e rt a i n rich l a dy , c a ll ed t hel a d y Al ic e K yt el er , t he
m m m
oth er o f Wi ll i a O u t l a w e, w i t h a ny o f her a cco p l ic es , in

m
v ol ve d i n v a rio u s su ch h er esi es . H er e, th en , w a s a fa ir occ a
s io n fo r di s p l a y i ng t h e z ea l o f a fo ll o w er o f t he s orc e -
ry ha ti ng
m
P o p e John , a nd a l s o p erh a p s fo r i ndu l gi n g s o e oth er p a s sio ns
m
.

T he p er so ns a cc u s ed a s L a d y Al ic es a cco p l i c es , w er e her

s o n , t he b a n k e m m
r , W i ll i a O u t l a w e, a c l erk na ed R ob ert d e
B ri st o l , Joh n G a l r u ssyn , W i ll i a m P a yn o f B o ly , P et ro ni lla de
M ea t h , P etroni ll a s d a u ght er S a r a h , Al ic e, t h e w i feo f H en ry t he

m
S ith , A n n ot a L a nge, H el en a G a l r u s s yn , S ys o k G a lr u ss yn, a nd
Eva d e B r o u ns t ou n m
T h e ch a rg es bro u ght a g a i ns t t h e w er e
m
.

di s tribu t ed u nd er s even for id a b l e h ea d s F ir st , it w a s a ssert ed

.

th a t , in ord er to gi v e eff ect to t h eir sorc ery , th ey w er e in t he

h a bit o f t ot a lly d eny i n g t hefa i t h o f C hri st a nd o f t he chu rch fo r
a ye a r or m ont h , a ccordi ng a s t heObj ect to b ea tt a i ned w a s grea ter
o r l es s , so th a t du ri n g t h es tip u l a t ed p e riod t h ey b el i eved in noth
m
ing th a t t he ch u rch b el i ev ed , a nd a b s ta i ned fro w or shippi ng t he
m m
bod y o f C hri st , f ro ent eri n g a chu rch , fro h ea ri n g a s s a nd m
m m
,

fro p a rticip a ti n g in t he s a cr a ent S eco nd , th a t t h ey p r o p it i

m m
.

at e d t he d e o ns w i t h s a cri c es o f l i vi ng a ni a l s , w hich t h ey
di vid ed e b er fro

mm mmm m
e b er , a n d o ff er ed , b y s c a t t eri ng t h e in
m m
m m
cro s s ro a ds , t o a c ert a i n d e o n w ho c a u s ed hi sel f to b e c a ll ed
-

R obi n A r t is so n ( l s A r s ) , w ho w a s o n e o f t he po or er c l a ss
'

o f h ell T hird , tha t b y t h eir sorc eri es th ey s o u ght co u n ci l a nd
m m m
.

a n s w er s f ro d e o ns F ou rth , t ha t t h ey u s ed t he c er e o n i es o f
.

t hech u rch in t h eir nigh t ly co nv en t ic l es , pro no u n ci n g , w i t h l ight ed

c a n dl es O f w a x, s ent enc e o f exco mm u n ic a tio n, ev en a g a i n s t t he

m
p er s o ns o f t h eir o w n hu s b a nd s , n a i ng expr es sly every e b er , mm
fro m t he s o l e o f t he foo t t o t he t o
p o f t he h e a d , a nd a t l e ngt h e x

t ing u is hing t he c a n d l es w ith t heexc l a a tio n m m

Fi ! ! ! A en .

F ift h , tha t w i t h t he i ntes t i nes a nd o t h er i nner p a r ts o f coc k s s a c

r i c e m
d t o t he d e o n s , w it h c er t a i n horr ib l e w or s , v a rio u s m

m
h erb s , t he n a i l s O f d ea d en, t he h a ir , br a i n s , a n d c l ot h es o f
chi l dr e n w hich ha d di ed u n b a p t i z ed , a n d o t h er t hi ng s equ a lly
dis g u s ti ng , bo il ed in t he s k u ll o f a c erta in robb er w ho ha d b een
3
26 S O R C ERY A ND M AG IC .

b eh ea d ed on a r e m a d e o f o a k s t ick s th e y ha d m
- a d e po w d e rs

a nd oi nt m
, ,

ent s a nd a l s o c a n d l es o f fa t bo il ed i n t he s a id s k u ll
w i t h c ert a i n ch a r m s w hi c h thi n g s w er e t o b ei ns t r u m
, ,

,
en t a l in ex
citi ng l o v e or h a t red a nd in ki ll i ng a nd o t h er w i s e a ffl ic t i n g t he
,
'

bodi es o f fa i t hfu l C hri st i a n s a nd in eff ec t i ng va rio u s o t h er p u r

,

p o s es S ix t h t h a t t he s o n s a nd d a u ght ers o f t he fou r hu sb a nd s

r ha d m a d e t h eir co m
.
,

O f t he l a d y Al ic e K t e
y l e pl a i nt t o t he bi s ho
p ,

th a t sh e b y su ch s orc ery ha d proc u r ed t he d ea t h o f her hu s

b a nd s a nd ha d so i nfa t u a t ed a nd ch a r m ed t h em t h a t t h ey ha d
, ,

gi ven a ll t h eir prop er t y t o her a nd her s o n t o t hep erp et u a l im

, ,

p o v

er ishm ent o f t h ei r so ns a n d h eir s ; i ns o m

,

u ch t ha t he r pr es e nt
h u s b a nd S ir Joh n l e P o er w a s r ed u c ed t o a m o st mi s er a b l e
,

r po w d er s oi ntm ent s a n d oth er m

, ,

s t a t e o f bod y b y he a gic a l O p er

a t io n s ; b u t b ei ng w a r ned b y h er m
, ,

a id s e r va nt he ha d forc ib ly
-

t a k en fro mhis w i fe t he k ey s o f her box es in w hich he fo u n d

,

nu m
,

ll d i h d s t a b l e a r t ic l es a bo ve e er a t ed

a b a e w t t h e et e
g ,

w hi c h he h a d s ent t o t he bi shop S ev ent h t h a t t h er e w a s a n

c t io n b et w een t h e s a id L a d y Al ic e a nd t he d em
.
,

u nho ly co nne on
c a ll ed R obi n A r t is s o n w ho s o m et i m es a p p ea r ed t o her in t he
formo f a c a t s o m et i m
,

es in t h a t o f a bl a ck sh a g gy dog a nd a t
oth ers in t he for mo f a bl a ck m
, ,

a n w i t h t w o t a ll a nd e q u a lly
s w a r t h y co m
,

p a nio ns ea ch c a rry i ng a n iro n rod in his h a nd I t

i s a d d ed b y s o m
.
,

e o f t he o l d c hro nic l er s t h a t her o ff eri ng t o t he

d em
,

on w a s ni ne r ed cock s a nd n i n e p ea cock s ey es a t a c erta i n

s to n e bridg e a t a cro s s ro a d ; t h a t s he ha d a c ert a i n O i nt m

, ,

-
ent
w ith w hi ch sh e r u bb ed a b ea m

o f w ood c a ll ed a co w lt r e u pon
w hich s he a nd h er a cco m
,

p l ic es w er e c a rri ed t o a ny p a r t o f t he
w or l d t h ey w i sh ed w i t ho u t h u rt or s t op p a g e; t h a t s he s w ept

t he st r et es o f K il k ennie b et w een e c o ml eine a nd t w i l ight r a ki n g

,

p
a ll t he l t h t o w a rd s t h e d o o r es o f hir s o nn e W i ll i a mO u t l a w e
,

mu r mu ri ng s ecr et lie w i t h hir s el fe t h ese w or ds

,

h
T o t he ou seo f W ill i a mmy so nne,

l l iea ll t he w ea
-
lt h of K ilk enniet ow n

a nd t h a t in h er ho u se w a s s ei z ed a w a fer o f co ns ecr a ted br ea d

o n w hich t he n a m
,

e o f t he d evi l w a s w ri t ten
T he bi s hop o f O s sory r es o l ved a t o n c e to en forc e in it s u t m
.

o st
rigor t he rec ent p a p a l b u ll a ga i n st o ff ender s o f t hi s c l a s s ; b u t he
ha d t o co nt end w i t h gr ea t er d i i cu lt ies t h a n h e ex p ec t ed The
mod e o f proc eedi ng w a s new fo r h it h ert o in E ng la n d s orc ery
.

w s l oo k ed u p o n a s a cri m
,

e o f w hich t he s e c u l a r l a w ha d cog
a
n i za nc e a nd no t a s bel o ngi n g t o t he ecc l es i a s t ic a l co u r t ; a nd
,

t his is s a id t o ha veb een t he r st t r i a l o f t he k i nd in Ir el a nd that

 TH E LA DY A LIC E K Y TELER . 27

ha d a tt r a cted a ny pu b l ic a tt ention M oreo ver t he l a d y Al ic e

.
, ,

w ho w a s t he p er s o n chi e y a t t a c k ed ha d rich a nd p o w er f u l s u, p
p o r t ers . T h e r st s t ep t a k e n b y t he bi shop w a s t o r eq u ir e t he
ch a n c ell or t o i ssu e a w ri t fo r t h e a rrest O f t he p er s o n s a c c u s ed
B u t i t h a pp en ed t h a t t he l ord ch a n c ell or o f Ir el a n d a t t hi s ti m
.

-
e
w a s R og er O u t l a w e prior o f t he ord er O f S t J oh n o f J eru s a l em
a n d a ki ns m an o f W i ll i a mO u t l a w e
, .
,

T hi s di g ni t a ry in co nj u nc
.
,

t io n w i t h A r n a l d l e P o er s en es ch a l o f K i l k enn y expo s t u l a t ed
w ith t h e bi s ho p a nd tri ed t o p er su a d e hi mto drop t he su it
, ,

W h en ho w ever t he l a t t er r efu s ed t o l i st en t o th ema nd p ers i st

, .

ed in d em ll or i nfor m ed hi mt h a t it
, , ,

a ndi n g t he w ri t t h e ch a n c e

w a s n o t c u s to m
,

a ry t o i ssu e a w rit o f t hi s k i nd u nt i l t he p a r t i e s ,

h a d b een r egu l a rly proc eed ed a ga i ns t a ccordi n g t o l a w The .

b i s ho p i n digna nt ly r epl i ed t h a t t he s er v ic e o f t he ch u r ch w a s
a bo v e t he for m s o f t he l a w o f t he l a n d ; b u t t h e ch a n c e ll or no w
t u r n ed a d ea f ea r a nd t h e bi shop s ent t w o a pp ar itors w i t h a fo r
ma l a t t end a nc eo f pri ests to t hehou s eo f W i ll i a mO u t l a w e w h ere
,

L a d y Al ic e w a s r es iding to cite her in p ers o n b efor e his cou r t

, .

T he l a d y r efu s ed t o a ckno w l edg e t he j u ri s dic t io n o f t he ecc l e

s ia s t ic a l co u rt i n thi s c a s e; a nd o n t he d a y s h e w a s to a pp ea r
, ,

t h e ch a n c ell or R og er O u t l a w e s ent a d voc a t es w h o p u bl ic ly

, , ,

p l e a d ed he r right t o d e f en d h er sel f b y h er c ou ns e l a n d no t t o ,

a pp e a r in p e rs on T he bi shop r eg a rd l es s o f t hi s pl ea p r o
xco m mu nic a t ion a nd c ited
.
, ,

no u nc ed a g a i ns t her t h e s ent e nc e o f e
her so n W i ll i a mO u t l a w e t o a pp ea r o n a c ert a i n d a y a n d a n
,

a l i ng h is m
, , ,

s w er t o t he ch a rg e o f h a rbori ng a nd co nc e o t h er in
d e a nc e o f t he a u t hori t y o f t he ch u rch .

O n l ea r n i n g t hi s t he s en es ch a l o f K i l k enny A rna l d 1e P o er
, , ,

re p a ired t o t he prio r y o f K ell s w h ere t he bi shop w a s l odged

a nd m a d e a l o n g a nd t o u chi ng a pp ea l to h i mto m
, ,

i t ig a te his a n
g e r u n ti l a t l e n g t h w e a ri ed a nd pro v ok e d b y h i s ob s ti na c y he

l eft his pr es en c ew i t h t hr ea ts o f v eng ea nc e Then ext m

, , ,

or n i ng
a s t he b i s hop w a s d e a rti ng fro mt he priory t o co nt i nu e h is v i s i
.
,

p
t a t io n in o t h er p a r t s o f t he dioc es e he w a s s t opp ed a t t h e eh ,

tr a nc e t o t he t o w n o f K ell s by o ne o f t he s en es cha l s o ffi c ers

S t ep hen l e P o er w i t h a bod y o f a r m ed m en w ho co nd u c t ed him

,

, ,

a s a pri s o ne r t o t he c a st l e o f K i l k enny w h er e he w a s k ep t in
c u st o d y u nti l t he d a y w as p a st o n w hich W i ll i a mO u t l a w e ha d
,

been c ited t o a pp ea r in his co u r t T he bi s hop a ft er ma ny pr o .

,

t es ts o n t he i ndig ni t y o ff er ed in hi s p er so n t o t he ch u rch a nd o n ,

t he p rotectio n gi v en t o s orc er er s a n d h er et ic s w a s ob l ig ed t o
su bm it I t w a s a m od e o f ev a di ng t he for mo f l a w cha r a c t er is
,

.
,

t ic o f a n a g e in w hi ch t he l a tter w a s su b ser vi e nt t o forc e a nd t he ,

28 S O R CE RY A ND M AGI C .

bi shop s fri end s b el i ev ed t h a t t he k i ng s o i cer s w er e brib ed b y

W i ll i a mO u t l a w es w ea l t h T h ey ev en r eported a ft er w a rd t o

thro w mor e di s cr edi t o n t he a u t hors o f t hi s a ct o f v io l enc e t h a t

.
,

r a s t h ey l ed himto
,

o ne o f t h e gu a rd s w a s h ea rd t o sa y t o a no t h e

pri so n T h a t fa ir s t eed w hi ch W i l l i a mO u t la w e pr es ent ed t o

,

,

o u r l ord S ir A r n a l d l a s t nigh t dr a w s w e ll fo r it ha s dra w n t h e

,

bi shop t o pri s o n
T hi s s u m ma ry mod e o f proc eedi n g a ga i nst a n eccl esi a sti c
.

d a s t o ni s h m
,

a pp e a r s to ha v e c a u s e ent ev en i n Ir el a n d a n d d u ri n g
t he r st d a y m
,

u l t i t u d es o f p e opl e O f a ll c l a s s es v i s it ed t he bi sho p
i n his co n nem
. ent t o f eed a nd co m
,
fort him t he gen er a l fer m
, en t
i n cr ea s i ng w i t h t he di s co u r s es b e pro nou nc ed t o his v i s i t er s
T o hi nd er t hi s t hes enes ch a l ord er ed himto b em
.

or es t ric t ly co n
ned a nd forb a d e t he a d m
,

,
i ss io n o f a ny v i s i t er s exc ep t a few o f ,

t he bi shop s es p ec i a l fri en d s a n d s er va n t s

.T he bi shop a t o n c e
p l a c ed t he w hol e dioc es e u n d er a n i nt erdict I t w a s n ec essa r y
t o pr ep a r e i m medi a t ely so me ex cu s e fo r t hese proc eedings a n d
.

t h e s en es ch a l i s s u ed a proc l a m
,

a t io n c a ll i n g u po n a ll w ho ha d

a ny co m p l a i nt s t o m a k e a g a i n s t t he bi s hop O f O s s or y t o co m e
forw a rd ; a nd a t a n i nq u es t h el d b e for e t he j u s t ic es i t i ner a nt
ma ny gri evou s cri mes o f t he bi shop w er e r eh ea rs ed b u t non e
,

r so n a lly to ch a rg e himw i t h t h em All th ese

,

w o u l d v ent u r e p e
ci r c u m
.

s t a n c es ho w e ve r sho w t ha t t he bi shop w a s not fa u l t l es s

a nd t h a t his co nd u c t w o u l d n o t b ea r a v ery c l o s e ex a m
, ,

i na t io n i s
ev id ent fro mt he fa c t t h a t o n m
,

or e t ha n o n e occ a s io n in su b s e
q u ent ti mes he w a s ob l ig ed t o sh el t er hi m l f u n d er t he pro m
,

se o

tio n o f t he ki ng s p a rdo n fo r a ll p a st o ff en c es W i ll i a mO u t l a w e
,

n o w w en t t o t h e a rchi v es o f K i l k en ny a nd t h er e f o u n d a form
.

,
er
d eed o f a cc u s a t ion a ga i nst t he bi shop o f O ss or y fo r h a v i n g d e
fr a u d ed a w ido w o f t h ei nh eri t a n c eo f her h u sb a n d Thebi shop s

p a r t y sa id t h a t it w a s a c a n c ell ed do c u m
.

ent t he c a se h a v i n g
b een t a k en ou t o f t he s ec u l a r cou rt ; a nd t ha t W i l l i a mh a d ha d
,

a n ew cop y m a d e o f it t o co n c e a l t he e v id e n c e o f t hi s fa ct a nd
ha d t h en r u bb ed t he fr es h p a rch m
,

en t w i t h hi s sho es in ord er t o
gi v e his copy t he a pp ea r a n c e o f a n Ol d doc u m en t H o w ev er it .
,

w a s d el i v er ed t o t hes en es ch a l w ho n o w o ff er ed t o r el ea s ehis pri s

,

o ner o n co ndi t io n O f his g iv i n g s u ffi ci ent b a i l t o a pp ea r a nd a n

s w er in t he s ec u l a r co u r t t h e ch a rg e t h u s bro u ght a g a i n st h i m

T hi s t he bi s hop r efu s ed to do a nd a ft er he h a d r em
.

a i ne d eigh
t een d a y s in co n n em
,

ent h e w a s u ncon ditio n a lly s et fr ee

T he bi sho p m d fro mhis pri so n i n t ri u m
.
,

a rch e ph fu ll dr es sed -

in his pont i cal rob es a nd im medi a tely cited W i ll i a mOu t la w e

,

for ehimin his cou r t on a noth er d a y ; b u t b efor e th a t

,

t o a pp e ar b e
 T HE LA DY A LIC E K Y TELER . 29

d a y a r r iv ed , he r ec ei v ed a ro y a l w rit , ord eri n g hi ppea r b e mt o a

f or e t h e l ord j u st ic eo f Ir el a n d w i t h ou t a ny d el a y ,
-
o n pe n a l ty o f a

n e O f a t ho u s a n d po u nd s t o a n sw er t o t heki ng fo r h a v i n g pl a c ed
h is dioc es e u n d er i nt erdi c t a nd a l s o t o m
,

a k e his d e fen c ea ga i ns t
H e r ec ei v ed a s i m i l a r su m
,

t h e a cc u s a t io ns o f A r na l d l e P o er
mo n s fro mt he dea n o f St P a t ri ck s t o a pp ea r hefor e hima s t he
.

.
,

v ic a ri a l r ep r es e nt a t i v eO f t he a r c hbi s hop o f D u b l i n T he bi sho p

o f O s s or y m a d e a n s w er th a t it w a s no t s a fe fo r himto u n d e
.

rt a k e
t he jo u r n ey b ec a u s e his w a y l a y t hro u gh t he l a nd s a nd l ord ship
my S ir A rna l d b u t t hi s excu s e w a s no t a d mitt ed a nd
,

o f h is en e

t h e dioc es e w a s r el i ev ed fro mt h e i nt er d ic t
, , ,

O t h er t ri a l s w er e r es er v ed fo r t he m
.

or t i ed pr el a te O n t he .

M o nd a y a ft er t h e oc t a ves o f E a s t er t h e s en es ch a l A rna l d l o , ,

P o er hel d his co u rt o f j u st ic e in t he j u dici a l h a ll O f t h e ci t y of

,

K i l k en ny a nd th er e t he bi shop o f O s s ory r eso l ved t o pr es en t

hi m l f a nd i n v ok e p u b l ic ly t he a id o f t he s ecu l a r a r mt o his
,

se

a s s i s t a n c e in s e i z i ng t he p erso ns a cc u s ed o f s orc er y T he s en
esch a l forb a d e h imt o ent er t he co u rt o n h is p eri l ; b u t t h e bi s h
.

.
O
p p e r s ev e r e d a n d
r o be
,
d in h i s
p o nt i ca l s c a rry i n g i n hi s ,

h a n d s t he body o f C hri s t (t he co n s ecr a t ed ho st ) in a vess el o f

go l d a n d a t tend ed b y a nu m
,

, ero u s b etb o f fri a r s a n d c l ergy he r
,

ent er ed t he h a ll a n d forc ed his w a y to t h e t rib u n a l T he s en

es cha l r ec ei ved himw i t h r epro a ch es a n d i n s u l t s a nd c a u sed him
.

to b e igno m
,

i niou sly t u rn ed o u t o f cou rt At t he r ep ea t ed protest

ho w ever o f t he o ff end ed pr el a t e a nd t he int erc ess io n o f s o m
.
,

, ,
e
in u ent i a l p ers o n s t h er e pr es ent he w a s a ll o w ed t o r et u r n a nd
m
, ,

t h e s enes ch a l ord er ed h i t o t a k e his p l a c e a t t h e b a r a ll ot t ed

fo r cri m i na l s u pon w hich t he bi shop cri ed o u t t h a t C hri st ha d
,

n ev er b ee n tr ea t e d so b efor es i nc e he s t ood a t t heb a r b efor e Po n

ti u s P i l a t e H et h en c a ll ed u po n t he s en es ch a l t o c a u s et he p er
.

s o ns a cc u s ed O f sorc e r y t o b es ei z ed u po n a nd d el i v er ed i nt o his
h a nd s a nd u po n his r efu s a l t o do t hi s he h el d op en t he book
, , ,

o f t h e d ecr e t a l s a nd sa id Y o u S ir A rna l d a r e a k night a n d

i nst r u c t ed in l et t er s a nd t h a t yo u m
, , , ,

a n o t h a ve t h e p l ea o f i g no
, y
r a n c e in t hi s p l a c e w e a r e pr ep a r ed her e t o s ho w in t h es e d e
t a l s t ha t yo u a nd y o u r o ffi ci a l s a r e bo u nd t o ob ey m order in
,

cr e
y

thi s r esp ect u n d er h ea v y p en a l t i es .

G O t o t hech u rc h w i t h y o u r d ecr et a l s r ep l i ed t h e s enes ch a l , ,

a n d pr e a c h t he r e for h er e yo u w i ll no t nd a n a t t ent i ve a u
,

di enc e
th en r ea d a l ou d t hen a mes o f t heo ff end ers a nd t he
.

T hebi shop
cri mes i m p u t ed t o th emsu m mon ed t hesenes ch a l t o d el i ver t h em
,

tr ea t ed fro mt he co u rt
,

u p t o t h ej u ri s dictio n o f t he chu rch a nd r e ,

.

*
3
30 SO R C E RY A ND M A G IC .

S ir Arn a l d l e P o er a nd h is fri end s ha d no t b een id l e on their

m
p a rt , a n d t he bi shop w a s nex t ci t ed t o d efend hi s el f a ga i ns t v a
r i o u s c ha rg e s i n t he p a r l i a m ent t o b e h el d a t D u b l i n, w hi l e t he
m
l a d y Al ic e i ndic t ed hi in a s ec u l a r co u rt fo r d efa a t ion T h e m .

bi s hop is r epr es ented a s h a v i n g n a rro w ly es c a p ed t he sna r es

w hic h w er e l a id fo r hi m o n h is w a
y t o D u b l i n ; h e t h er e f o u n d

t he Iri s h pr el a t es n o t m u ch i n cl i ned to a d v oc a t e hi s c a u s e, b e

m
c a u s e t h ey l ook ed u p o n hi a s a foreign er a nd a n i nterl op er , a nd
he w a s s pok en o f a s a t ru a nt m m
o nk fro E ngl a nd , w ho c a e

m

thi t h er t o r epr esent t he I sl a nd o f S a i nt s a s a nes t o f h er et ic s ,
a nd t o p l a g u e t h e m w i t h p a p a l b u ll s o f w hich th ey n ev er h ea r d
b efor e I t w a s , ho w ever , t ho u ght ex pedi ent t o pr es erv et he cr edit
m m
.

o f t he ch u rch , a nd s o e o f t he or e i n u ent i a l o f t he Iri s h ec

cl es ia st ic s i nt er fered t o eff ec t a t l e a s t a n o u t w a rd r e con ci l i a t io n
b et w een t he s en es ch a l a nd t he bi s hop o f O ss or y A ft er enco u n
m
.

teri n g a n i n n i t y O f n ew Ob s t a c l es a nd di s a ppoi nt ent s , t he l a t

t er a t l en g t h ob t a i n ed t he n ec es s a ry po w er t o bri n g t h e a ll eg ed
o e
'

n d er s t o a t ri a l a nd
, m m m
o st o f t h e w er e i pri so ned , b u t t he
chi ef obj ect o f t h e bi sho p s proc eedi n gs , t he l a d y Al ic e, ha d b een

.

co n v ey ed s ecret ly a w a y , a nd s h e is s a id t o h a ve p a ss ed t he r est
o f h er l i fe in E ng la n d . oW hen her s o n , W i ll i a m O u t l a w e, w a s
ci t ed t o a pp ea r b efor e t he bi sho p in his co u rt in t he chu rch o f
S t M a ry a t K i l k enny , he w en t
ar m
ed to t he t eet h w i t h a ll
m m m
.

s or t s o f a r or , a nd a tt end ed w i t h a v er y for i d a bl e co p a ny ,
a nd d e a nd e m d a C op y o f t he ch a rg es obj ec t ed a g a i ns t h i , w hich m
ext end ed t hro u gh thirt y fo u r ch a p t er s
-
H e fo r t he pr es ent w a s
m
.

a ll o w e d t o go a t l a rge, b ec a u s e n obody d a r ed t o a rr est h i , a nd

w h en t he O i c er s o f t he cro w n a r ri v ed th ey s ho w ed s o O p en ly
-

t h eir fa vor to w a rd hi m a s to t a k e u
p t h eir l odg i ng s a t hi s ho u s e .

A t l en gt h , ho w ever , h a v i n g b een co nv ic t ed in t he bi s h op s co u r t

a t l ea s t o f h a rbori n g t ho s e a cc u s ed o f s orc ery , he co n s e n t ed t o

o i nt o pri s o n , t r u s t i n g prob a b ly t o t h e s ecr e t pro t ec t io n o f t he

g
gr ea t b a ro ns o f t he l a nd
m m
.

T he o nly p er s on ent ion ed b y n a e a s p u n i s h ed fo r t he ex

m m
tr e e cri e o f s orc ery w a s P et ro ni ll a d e M ea t h , w ho w a s , p er
h a p s , l es s p ro v i d ed w i t h w or l d ly i nt erest s to p r o t ect her , a n d

w ho a p p ea rs to h a v e b een m a de a n e xpi a t ory sa cri c e for her

s u p eri o r s S he w a s , b y ord er o f t h e bi s ho p s ix ti es ogged ,
. m
a nd t h e n , prob a b ly t o es c a p e a fu r t h er r ep e t i t io n o f t hi s cr u el a n d
m m
d egr a di ng p u ni sh ent , s he a d e p u bl ic co nfes s io n , a cc u s i ng no t
m
o nly h erself b u t a ll t he o t h ers a ga i ns t w ho t he bi shop ha d p r o
ce ed ed S he sa id th a t in a ll E n gl a nd , p erh a p s i n t he w ho l e
m
.

w or l d , t h er e w a s not a p er so n or e deep ly sk i ll ed in t he p r a c
 T HE LADY A LI C E K Y TELER . 31

t ic es o f orc er y th a n t he l a d y Al ic eK yt el er w ho h a d b een th eir

s

mi s t r ess a nd t ea ch er in t he a r t S he co nfess ed t o mo st o f t he
,

ch a rg es co nta i ned in t he bi shop s a rt ic l es o f a c c u s a t io n a nd s a id

t h a t s he h a d b een pr es ent a t t he s a cri c es t o t he d em

,

o n a n d ha d
a s s i s t ed i n m
,

a ki n g t he u ngu en t s o f t he i n t es t i n e s o f t he coc k s

o ff er ed o n t hi s O cc a s io n m ix ed w i t h s pid er s a nd c ert a i n b l a c k
w or m r t ai n h erb c a ll ed m
,

s l ik e s corpio n s w i t h a c e ill efo il a nd

o t h er h erb s a nd w or m
, ,

s a n d w i t h t he br a i n s a nd c l ot h e s O f a chi l d

th a t h a d di ed w i t ho u t b a p t i s m in t he m
,

,
a n ner b e for e r el a t ed t ha t
w ith t h es e u ng u en t s t h ey ha d p r od u c ed v a rio u s eff ec t s u po n d if
f er en t p er s o ns m , a ki ng t he fa c es O f c e rt a in l a d i es a pp ea r horned
l ik e go a t s t h a t s heha d b een pr es en t a t t h e night ly co nvent i cl es
r m
,

a nd w i t h t h e a s s i st a nc eo f he
-
i s t r ess ha d fr eq u en t ly p ron o u n c ed
t h e s en t en c e o f exco m mu nic a t io n a ga i ns t her o w n hu sb a nd w i t h
r em
,

a l l t he c e o ni es r equ ired b y t h eir u n ho ly ri t es ; t h a t s he ha d

b een w i t h t he l a d y A l i g e w hen t he d em o n R obi n A r t iss o n a p
m
, ,

p e ar e d t o her a n d ha d s een a c t s p a s s b e
,
t w ee n t h e i n h er pr e s ,

en c e w hich w e s h a l l no t u nd ert a k e to d es crib e T he w r et ch ed

w om a n h a vi n g m
.
,

, a d e t hi s p u b l ic co n fes s io n w a s c a rri ed o u t i nt o
.
,

t he ci t y a nd p u b l ic ly b u r nt T h is s a y s t he r el a t or w a s t he rst
.
, ,

w itch w ho w a s ev er b u r nt i n Ir el a nd .

T he r a ge o f t he bi shop o f O s s ory a pp ea r s n o w t o h a v e b een

H e w a s pr eva i led u po n t o r em
,

t o a c ert a i n d eg r ee a pp ea s ed it
t he o ff en c es o f W i ll i a mO u t l a w e enjoi ni ng hi m a s a r ep a r a t io n
, .

fo r his co nt em
, ,

p t o f t he chu rch t h a t w i t hi n t he p eriod O f fou r

,

e a r s h e s hou l d co v er w i t h l ea d t he w ho l e roo f o f hi s c a t h e d r al
y
f ro mt h e st eep l e ea st w a rd a s w ell a s t h a t o f t he ch a p el o f t he
,

ho ly Virgi n T he r est o f t he l a d y Al ic es p es t i fer o u s s oci et y

w er e p u n i s h ed i n di ff er ent w a y s iv it h m
.

or e or l es s s everi t y ; o ne
t w o o f t h emw e a r e t o l d w er e su b s eq u ently b u r nt ; oth er s
,

or

w er e og g ed p u b l ic ly in t he m
, ,

a rk e t p l a c e a nd t hro u gh t he ci t y ;
-

o t h er s w er e b a ni sh ed fro mt he dioc es e; a nd a few l ik e t h eir

mi s t r es s ed t o a di s t a nc e or co n c ea l ed t h ems el ves so effec t u a l
,

, ,

l y a s t o es c a p e t he h a nd s o f j u st ic e
T h er ew a s o n ep ers on co n c erned in t hefor egoi n g ev ent s w ho m
.

t he bi s hop ha d no t forgo t t en or fo r gi ven T h a t w a s A rna l d l e

.

P o er t h e s enes cha l o f K i l k enny w ho ha d so s t r en u o u sly a d vo

d t he c a u s e O f W i ll i a mO u t l a w e a n d h is m
, ,

ca t e o t h er a n d w ho

ha d tr ea t ed w i t h s o m u ch r u d en es s t h e b i shop h i m
,

se l f The
L a t i n n a rr a t i veo f t hi s hi s t ory pu b l i sh ed fp r t h e C a md en S oci et y
.

by t he w ri t er O f t h is p a p er gi ves no fu r t her i n fo r ma t io n r es p ec t
,

ing h im b u t w e l ea r n fro mo t h er s o u r c es t h a t t h e bi shop no w

,

ac c u s ed h im r esy ha d himex com mu nic a t ed a nd o b t a i ned

,

of he , ,
32 S O R CE RY A ND M A GIC .

a w rit b y w hich he w a s co m mi t t ed pri s oner t o t he c a stl eof Du b

l in H ere her em a i ned in 1 32 8 w h e n R og e r O u t l a w ew a s m a de

l ord j u st ic e o f Irel a nd w ho a t t em p t ed t o mi t i g a t e his s u er ing s

.
,
'

T he bi shop o f O s s or y enr a g ed a t t he l ord j u st i c es h u m

, .

a ni t y

-

d hi ma l so o f h eresy a n d o f a b et t i ng h er et ic s u p o n w hich
, ,

a cc u s e

a p a r li a m ent w a s c a ll ed a nd t he di ff er en t a cc u s a t io ns h a v i n g
b een d u ly ex a m i ned A r na l d l e P o er hi m
,

sel f w o u l d prob a bly ha v e

b een d ec l a r ed i nnoc ent a nd l ib er a t ed fro mco n nem
,

ent b u t b e ,

for e t he end o f t he i nv es t ig a t io n he di ed in pri s o n a nd h is bod y

ly i ng u nd er s ent ence o f ex co m mu nic a t ion rema i ned l ong u n
, ,

b u ri ed .

The bi shop w ho ha d b een so gr ea t a p er s ec u tor o f h er esy in

r s w a s a t l a st a cc u s ed o f t he s a m e cri m ehi m
,

o th e , sel f a nd t he ,

c a se b ei ng l a id b efore t he a rchbi shop o f D u bl i n he a pp ea l ed t o ,

t he a po st o l ic s ee ed t he c o u nt ry pri va t el y a nd r ep a ir ed t o It a l
, , y .

S u b s equ ent t o t h i s h e a p p ea r s t o h a v e exp eri enc ed a va riet y o f

t ro u b l es a n d he s u ff er ed b a n i s h m
,

, ent d u ri ng n i n e y ea r s He .

di ed a t a v ery g r ea t a g e in 1 360 T he bi shop s p a rt y b o a s t ed

.

th a t t he nes t o f s orc er ers w ho ha d i n fes t ed Ir el a nd w a s entir el y
root ed o u t by t h e pro s ec u t io n o f t he l a d y Al ic e K yt el er a nd her
a cco m p l i c es I t ma y ho w ev er b e w ell d ou b t ed if t he b el i ef in
w i t ch c r a ft w er e n o t r a t h er ex t en d ed b y t he p u b l i c i t y a nd m
.
, , ,

a gn i

t u d e o f t hes e ev ent s I r el a nd w o u l d no do u bt a ff ord m a ny e qu a l

l y r em q u ent t i m
.

a rk a b l e c a s es i n s u b s e es h a d t he chro n ic l ers
tho u ght t h ema s w ell w ort h r ecord i n g a s t he pro c es s o f a l a d y o f
,

r a n k w hi ch i nvo l ved s o m
,
e o f t he l ea d i ng p eop l e in t he E n gl i s h
p a l e a nd w hich a git a ted t he w ho l e st a t e d u ri ng s ever a l s u cc es
,

s i ve y e a rs .
 TRJA L O F B O NI FA C E VIII . 33

C HA P T E R III .

F URT H ER P O L I T I C A L U S AG E OF THE B EL I E F I N S O R C E R Y .

'
THE
T E M PL A R S .

THE hi st ory o f t he l a d y Al ic e K yt el er is o ne of t he m ost r e

ma rk a b l e ex a mpl es t ha t t he midd l e a ges h a ve l eft u s O f t he u se
w hich m ight b e ma d e o f pop u l a r s u p er st i t io n a s a m ea ns o f o p
r es s io n o r v e n g ea nc e w h e n o t h er m or e l egi t im at e m ea ns w er e
p ,

w a nt i n g F ra nc e a nd I t a ly h a d ho w ev er r ec ent ly pr es ent ed a
.
, ,

c a s e in w h i ch t he b el i e f in s orc er y ha d b een u s ed a s a w ea pon

a g a i n s t a st ill high e r p er s o na g e .

It i s n o t n ec essa ry t o ent er i nt o a d et a i l ed hi st ory o f t he q u a r

r e l b etw een t he F r en ch m o na r c h P hi lipp e l e B el a nd t he pop e
I t o r igi na t ed i n t he d et er m
, , ,

B o n i fa c eVIII i n a t io n o f t he ki ng t o
c h eck in hi s o w n do m
.

i n io n s t he po w er a nd i nso l en c e O f t he
c h u rc h a n d t h e a m b it io u s pr et en s io n s o f t h e s ee o f R o m e In
1 303 P hi l ipp es m
, .

, i n i st er s a nd a g ent s ha v i ng co ll ec t ed pr et end ed

,

ev id en c e in I t a ly bo l d ly a cc u s ed B o ni fa c e o f h er esy a nd so r
,

ce ry ; a nd t he k i ng c a ll ed a co u nci l a t P a ri s t o hea r w i t n es s es
a nd pro no u n c e j u dg m
,

ent T he pop e r es i s t ed a nd r efu s ed to a c

k n o w l edge a c o u n ci l no t c a ll ed b y hi m
.
,

se l f b u t t he i ns u l t s a n d
ou t r a ges t o w hich he Wa s expo s ed pro ved t o o m u ch fo r h im a n d

he di ed t he s a m e y ea r in t h e m
,

i d s t o f t h es e v i ndic t i ve pro c eed

i ng s H is enem i es s p r ea d a b r o a d a r eport t h a t in his l a st m
,

ment s he ha d co nfes s ed his l ea g u e w i t h t he d emon a nd t h a t his

.

d ea t h w a s a t t end ed w i t h s o mu ch t h u nd er a nd t em
,

p est w i t h
dr a go ns y i ng i n t he a ir a nd vo m i t i n g a mes a n d s u ch l igh t ni n g
,

a nd o t h er pro d igi es t h a t t he p eop l e o f R o m

,

,
e b el i eved t h a t t he

w ho l e ci t y w a s goi n g t o b e s w a ll o w ed u p in t he a b y ss H is
rt ook t o d efend his m em
.

su c c es s or B en edi ct X I
,
u nd e .
,
or y ; b u t
he di ed i n t he r s t y ea r o f his p o nt i ca t e (in it w a s s a id
by poi s o n a n d t he ho ly s ee r em a i ne d v a c a nt du ri ng el ev en
mont hs I n t he mid dl e O f J u ne 1 305 a Fr en chma n t he a r ch
,

.
, , ,

bi shop o f B ord ea u x w a s el ected t o t h e p a p a l c ha ir u nd er t he t it l e

O f C l em
,

ent V
I t w a s u n d er s tood t h a t C l ement w a s r a i sed t o t he p a p a c y in a
.

g r ea t m ea s u r e by t he k i ng s i n u e nc e w ho i s s a id t o h a v e st ipu

,

la ted a s o neo f t he co n ditio ns th a t he shou l d a ll o w of t hep r o

, ,
34 S O R C ERY A ND M AGIC .

ceed in g s ga i ns t B o n i fa c e w hic h w er e t o m
a a k e hi s m em or
y
i nfa m o u s P r ep a r a t io ns w er e a g a i n ma d e t o c a rry o n t he t ri a l
,

o f B o n i fa c e b u t t h e ki n g s n ec es s i t i es co m p ell ed himt o s eek

.

o t h er boons o f t he s u pr eme po nt i ff in co ns id er a t ion o f w hich he

,

a gr ee d t o drop t he pro s ec u t ion ; a nd a t l a st in 1 31 2 B o ni fa c e , ,

w a s d ecl a r ed in t he co u nci l o f Vi enn e i nnoc ent o f a ll t heo ff en c es

'

w i t h w hich he h a d b een ch a rg ed
W h a t ever m
.

h a v e b een B o n i fa c es fa u l t s t o s cr e h r p
a
y en t e e u ,

t a t io n o f a pop e w a s t o s a v e t he c ha r a c t er o f t he ch u rch If w e
ma y p l a c e a ny fa it h a t a ll in t he w i t nes s es w ho w ere a ddu c ed
.

a g a i n s t hi m B o n i fa c e w a s a t bo t t o m a fr ee t hi nk er w ho c o n -

d u nd er t he m i t r e t he spiri t o f m
, ,

c ea l e ock ery w h ich a ft er w a rd

sho ne for t h in his co u n tr ym a n R a be l a i s a nd t h a t in m om en t s o f
r el a x a t io n esp eci a lly a m o ng t ho s e w i t h w ho mhe w a s fa m
,

,
il ia r ,

he w a s in t he h a bi t o f s p ea ki ng in bo l d ev en in c yn ic a l l a ngu a ge , ,

o f t hi ng s w hich t he ch u rch r eg a rd e d a s s a cr ed P ers o ns w er e

bro u ght for w a rd w ho d epo s ed t o h a v i n g h ea rd expr ess io ns fro m
.

t he l ip s o f t he pop e w hich i f no t i n v ent ed o r ex a gg er a t ed s a vor

l i t y a nd ev en o f a t h ei s m O t h er p er so ns d epos ed t ha t
, , ,

o f i n d e -

it w a s co m mo nly r eport ed in I t a ly t h a t B o ni fa c e ha d co mmu ni es

, .

tio n w i t h d emo ns t o w ho mhe o ff er ed hi s w ors hip w ho mhe

bo u nd t o his s ervic e b y necro m
, ,

a n c y a nd b y w ho s e a g en c y he ,

a c t ed . T h ey sa id fu rt h er t ha t he ha d b een h ea rd to ho l d co n

,

ve r s a t io n w i t h s pirit s in t he n igh t ; t ha t he ha d a c ert a i n ido l
di a bo l ic a l s p iri t w a s encl o s ed w ho m he w a s in
,

in w hi c h a

t he h a bi t o f co ns u l t i ng ; w hi l e o t h er s sa id t h a t he ha d a d em
,

on
enc l o s ed in a ri ng w hic h hew or e o n his ng er j T he w i t nes ses
in g ener a l s pok e o f th es e r epor t s o nly a s t h ing s w hich t h ey ha d
hea rd ; b u t o ne a fri a r brot her B er na rd d e S or a no d epo s ed t h a t
, , ,

w h en B o n i f a c e w a s a c a rdi na l a nd h el d t he O f c e O f n o t a ry t o ,

Q u o d i p s e t h u r is a b m
et sa cr i ca b a t d a e o n ib u s, et s p ir i t u s d ia b o lico s cit endo
at
a r t e n ig r o m
a n t ic a co ns t r in g e b a t , et q u ic q u id a g eb a t p er a ct u s d ia b o lico s ex er ceb a t

D u p u y Pr eu v es p 52 8
mm m
, , . .

1 A u d i v it d ic i q u od i p se B o nifa c iu s u t eh a t u r co nsi io d

o nu , e l
t h a b eb a t d a
m m one inclu su m
in a nnu lo l
A cco r d ing t o t he p o p u a r r epo r t , s p r ea d a b r o a d b y hi
m m
.

h y h
ene i es, w en B o nif a ce w a s d ing , he t or e t is r i ng f r o his fing er , a nd d a s ed it h
o n t he g r o u nd , r e p r o a c in g thh e d e o n w i t m
a vin g h hd es e rte d h i a t h is g r ea t es t m
ne ed
m m m
.

S p ir i t s co n ned in r ing s a r eo ft en ent io ned a o ng t h e a g ica o per a t io ns o f t he l

m l id d e a g es, a nd occu r as a t e a s t he six t eent l h
a nd se ve nt een t ce n t u r ies , w he n h
su c h
r ing s a p p e ar to h
a veb ee n b r o u g t fr o h m
S p a in, t he sea t of t he a ncient c e eb r a l
h l m
t ed s c oo o f a g icia ns B o d ia n s (D o no mm m
a ni a l ib ii , c 3) s p ea k s o f a a g icia n m
m m
.
. , .

co nd e ned i n t he d u c hy
of G u e ld r es, in 1 5 4 8, w ho ha d a d e o n co n ned in a r ing
( d as m m
o n e s ib i e a se i nc lu s u a n n u lo mf a t eb a t u r) a nd he e n t io n s a s m
a v ing co e h m
h l
w it in his o w n k no w ed g e t he ca se Of a m
a n w ho b o u g t o f a S p a nia r d a s p i r i t h
w i t h a r i ng lb. lib iii , c . . . M
a g ical r ing s a r eb y no ea ns u nco m
on i n t he mm
ca b ine t s o f colle ct or s .
 HE RE TIC S A T O RLE A NS . 35

Ni chol a s h t he p a p a l a r m
he l a y w it y b efor e t he c a stl e o f
Pu r i a n o a nd he (b ro t h er B er na r d ) w a s s ent t o r ec ei v e t he su r
,

r end er o f t h e ca ct l e H e r et u rned w i t h t he c a rdi na l t o Vi t erbo

.
,

w h er e h e w a s l odg ed in t h e p a l a c e L a t e o n e night a s he a nd
t h e c a rdi na l s C h a m
.
,

b er l a i n w er e l o oki n g o u t O f t he w i nd o w o f
t he roo m h e occ u pi ed th ey s a w B enedi ct o f G a et a ( w hich w a s
B on i fa c es n a m e b efor e he w a s m
,

a d e pop e e r a g a rd e
) e ad

n t n
joi ni n g t he p a l a c e a l o n e a nd in a my s t erio u s m a n ner H em a de

d hi m
, , .

a circ l e o n t he gro u nd w i t h a s w ord a nd p l a c e se l f in t he

midd l e h a v ing w i t h hi ma cock a nd a r e in a n ea rt h en p o t ( in
,

u a d a mo l l a t e a v i n g s ea t ed hi m s el f in t he m
, ,

rr e a) H idd l e o f t he
q
c irc l e h e k i ll ed t h e cock a n d t hr ew i t s b l ood in t h e r e fro m
.

w hich s m ok e i m medi a tely i s su ed w hi l e B en edic t r ea d in a cer

, ,

t a i n book to co nj u r e d em
,

o ns P r es ent ly bro t h er B erna rd h ea rd

a t n oi s e ( r u m m m n u m a nd w a s m
.

a
g r e or e a
g u ch t e rri e d T h e n
h e co u l d di s t i n gu i s h t h ev o ic eo f s o m
.

e o ne s a y i n g G i v e u s t he ,

s h a re , u po n w hich B e n edic t t o ok t he co c k t hr ew it o u t o f t h e ,

a rd e n a nd w a l k e d a w a y w i t h o u t u tt e ri n g a w ord T ho u gh he
g
met sev er a l p er sons o n his w a y he spok e t o nobody b u t pro
.
,

ed ed i m medi a t ely t o a cha mb er n ea r t h a t o f bro t her B er n a rd

, ,

ce

a nd s h u t hi m
,

se l f u p B ern a rd d ec l a r ed t ha t t ho u gh he i ew
t h er e w a s n obo d y in t h e roo mw i t h t he c a rd i n a l h e n o t o n ly
.
,

h ea rd h ima ll n igh t t a l ki ng b u t he co u l d di s t i nct ly p er c ei ve a

,

s t r a ng e voic e a ns w eri n g him

,

T hi s voic e o f co u r s e w a s th a t
o f a d em
.
, ,

on

T he s a m
.

e ch a rg e th a t ha d b een brou ght for w a rd t o co n fo u n d

P ope B o ni fa c e w a s ma d e a pri nc i p a l grou nd o f p ers ec u t io n
o m a n s t he r st t i m
,

a ga i n s t t h e t e in l a r s I t w b y n e e t ha t
p a s

peop l e w ho a s so c i a t ed t og et h er t h u s in mu t u a l c on d en c e or for
.

mu t u a l s u pport a nd pro t ec t ion w ere bra nd ed w i t h t he a cc u s at ion

,

rcou rs e w i t h d em
,

o f ho l di n g i nt e o ns a s w e h a ve a l r ea dy s een in ,

t he c a s e o f t he W a l d ens es w ho w er e h a t ed fo r their h er es y a nd
W em
, ,

t he R o u t i er s w ho w er e d et est ed fo r t h eir o u t r a g es ight

ea s i ly co ll ect ot h er ex a m
.
,

p l es A F r ench a ntiqu a ry M G u e . r a rd ,
.
,

ha s pri nt ed in t h e c a r t u l a ry o f S t P et er s a t C h a r t r es a do c u

ment o f t he ea rl i er p a rt o f t he el event h c ent u ry w hich d escri b es

, .
,

a s ec t O f h er e t ic s t h a t ha d a ri s en in t he c it y o f O rl ea n s w ho s e ,

p roc eedi ngs a r e d es crib ed a s t o o horrib l e to b e t r a nsl a t ed her e

fr mo t h e origi n a l L a t i n o f t h e n a r r a t o r sl J u s t t w o c en t u r i e s l a t e r ,

A ll t hed oc ment el t ing t t he t i l f t h i p p e h e b een ll e t ed nd

u s r a o r a o s o av co c a

p r in t ed b y D p u y uin his ,
H i t i e d D i e e n t d
s o r e B n if ae V II I e
'
c P
r h i l ip p e l e o ac . av

B el n o
"

m m m
.
,

C e b i id e e i ib i d d e i t i ng u l l ce r u as i u

md em m mm d e l mb
t n t u r t n oc t n n o n a s u s o o a

m ib
o n g gr a a s q r c u s ,

tena nt es in an u s, a t . a d il l -
t a r la t a ni , ou u no a ca s a nt , dou se
36 S O RC E R Y A ND M A GIC .

t he n ai h bita nt s of t he di s t ric t o f S t edi n g t he m od ern O l d en b er g , ,

a ra c e o f p e opl e w ho l i ved in st u rd y i nd ep end ence w er e a t v a ri

a nc e w i t h t he a r chbi shop o f B r em
,

en T he q u a r r el ha d a ri s en
fromdi s p u t ed c l a i m
.

s t o t i t he s o f t he l a n d a n d t he right o f h u nt

ing in t heir for est s The a rchbi shop r es ent ed t hi s co nt em

. pt o f
t he ch u rch d ec l a r ed t h a t t he S t ed ing er s w er e h er et ic s a nd pr o
c la i m ed a cru s a d e a g a i ns t t h em A t r st t h ey cont end ed w i t h
, ,

ir enem i es r ep u l s ed t hemw i t h va l or a nd fo r
.

s u cc es s a g a i ns t t h e

s om
, ,

e yea r s s et t he a rchbi shop a t d e a n c e B u t A rchbi s hop G e

t a rd w ho c a m e t o t he s ee o f B r em
.

en in 12 1 9 r es o l v ed t o su p
p r es s t h em O ne d a y a gr eedy pri es t w ho ha d b een o ff end ed
, ,

a t t he sm n himb y a n ob l e l a d y o f t hi s co u nt r y a ft er
.
, ,

a ll fee gi v e

co nfes s io n t ook his r evenge b y t hru s t i ng t he mo ney i nt o her

mou th inst ea d o f t he co ns ecra t ed hos t w hen she w a s co mmu ni
,

c a t i ng T hehu sb a nd o f t he l a d y res ent ed t hi s a ff ro nt b y s l a y i ng

d a g a i n s t t he m
.

t he pri es t The a rc hbi shop l a u nch e u rd e r er t he

nt en c eo f exco m mu nic a t io n b u t hes et t he po w er o f t hechu rc h
.

se

a t de a nc e a nd t he S t ed ing er s ro s e u p i n hi s c a u s e T he a rch
,
.

bi shop w i t h t he a ss i st a nc e o f t he neigh b o r i ng pri nc es i nv a d ed

th eir di s t ric t ; b u t th ey r es i s t ed w i t h s o m
, ,

u ch co u r a g e t h a t he ,

w a s dri ven b a ck .

T he a rchbi shop no w a ppl i ed t o t he pop e a nd a cc u s ed t he ,

S t ed i ng er s o f b ei n g ob st i na t e h eret i c s G r egory I V w ho a t
th a t t i m
,
. .

e occ u pi ed t he p a p a l ch a ir a d d r es s ed a bu ll i n 1 2 32 t o
t he bi shop s o f M i nd en L u b ec k a n d R a t z ebu r g ord eri n g th emt o
, , ,

, , ,

p r ea ch a cru s a d e a g a i nst t he o ff endi n g pop u l a t io n ; a nd in t he

y ea r fo l lo w i ng a s eco nd b u ll w a s a d d r es s ed t o t h e bi shop s o f
P a d erborn H i l d esh ei mV erd en M in i s t er a nd O s na b r ii c k w hich
r ep ea t ed t hi s ord er m
, , , , ,

or e pr es s i ngly a nd g a v e t he s p eci a l ch a rge ,

o f t he w a r t o t he a rchbi shop O f M a int z a nd C o nr a d o f M a r b u rg

I n t he y ea r 1 2 34 a n a r m y o f for t y tho u s a n d m
.

,
en o verra n a nd
l a id w a ste t he di st ri ct o f S t ed i n g ; a co ns id era bl e port io n o f t he
p op u l a t io n fell in b a t t l e a nd t he r est en g a g ed t o m a k e r ep a r a t ion

to t he a rchbi s ho p a nd t o b e ob edi ent to hi min fu t u r e a nd t h ey

,

, ,

s b it o d emnemin im
u o il it d ine j l ib et b e t i lai i nt e e
s u id e ent d e end e e
cu u s s o r os v r sc r

Q i st a t i m t i ib il i ill a id eb t mnib e t in t i l min ib q mp f

.

v s i i s v a u r v s o. o ar
mmq isq e p t e a t mli e emq m d mnnm b i enieb t a d a b t end m i
u u us x c s u u s, u a r
u u u o r u r u a a sr v a u u ar r
nim m m m
,

p i eb t i n e s
p e c t i e p e t e t a r t e s t c a t n h ha b e e t e ; pr o a r au so r o r a u o ac a r r
i im
a c
b illi e t i mb t
,

s a n t i t a t e n r el ig i
c o ej e n b i t ou s u co Ex q cu p u s o a s s a a u r uo s u r c ss
a d ie in m mC p ios ig ne en pinb a
.

co nc b it u inf n
u g ene t s c t
a s ed i
ra u o av a co r u o o a cc so
t u p e ig n emm e a n t iq n mp g a n met i in ig n e emb t n C j cini
,

r r , or or u a or u , s c cr a a r u us s
t nt
a ener a t i n e ll g eb t
a v tq e co t d ieb t
t t Ch i t i
a u r a a el ig i it a
u
pu s
cu s o a u r, u r s an r os s co r
l et m d i t i m l ne a t
o
Ch i t i t di i g i d nd mde h e l ex it i
- r s
r s cu s o r so a u oc s cu o u r s a v a cu r
enimt nt a i d i b li a a f ine e t q i nq ed e p iE f t b a e i im
, .

a d i in i p o c rau s so c r u u cu u r a a r s
mp aalib a isset v ix nq u a m
v s a
b u t u s f u esset et d e od mcine eq mi nm
.

end p
mb
a r u a v s s o
m ti
s ar u v u
m eit
r ,

p ast es d o es d e a resi g r ess an a n s a d vi a v r a t is dir ig er evsl er et .

 T H E S TEDINGERS . 37

w er e th er eu p on r el ea s ed fromt he s ent en c e o f ex co mm u nica

ti on
W h en t h ea rchbi shop o f B r em
.

en i nv en ted t h e ch a rg eo f h er es y
a g a i n s t t h e S t ed ing e r s he s ee ms to h a v e c u ll ed fro m t he s e
co u nt s o f t he h er es i es o f t he pri m
,

i t i vechu rch a choic eco ll ectio n

o f ho r ri b l ea cc u s a t io ns I n t hepo p es r s t b u ll t heS t eding er s w ere

d o f cont em
.
,

cu s e pt a nd ho st i l i t y to w a rd t he ch u rch ; o f s a v a ge
b a rb a ri t y es peci a lly to w a rd mo n k s o f s corni ng t h e s a cr a m ent ;
a n d o f ho l di n g co m mu n ic a t i o n w i t h d emo n s ma ki ng i ma g es o f
,

w a x a n d co n s u l t i ng w i t h w itch es B u t G r egory s s eco nd bu ll

co nt a i n s m or e d eta i l s o f t he ch a rg es bro u ght a ga i nst t h em a n d

, .

gi ves t he fo ll ow i ng st r a n ge a nd w i l d a cco u nt o f t he c er emo n i es

,

atte n di n g t h e i ni t i a t io n o f a new conv er t i nt o t h ei r s ec t W h en .

t h e n o v ic ew a s r st i nt rod u c ed i nt o t h eir s choo l w e a r e t ol d a
t oad m y ki ss ed s o m
,

a d e it s a pp e a r a nc e w h i ch t h e e b ehi nd a n d
o t h er s o n t he mo u t h ; a nd t h ey dr ew it s t on gu e a nd S pi t t l e i nto
, , ,

th eir m ou t h s S om et i m es t hi s to a d a pp ea r ed o f a n a t u r a l s i z e;
a t o t h er ti m
.

es it w a s a s big a s a goo s e o r d u ck ; b u t it s u su a l
s i z e w a s t h a t o f a n o ve n A s t he n o vic e proc eed ed he w a s m et
by a m
.
,

m
a n w ho w a s w o nd e
,
rfu lly p a l e w i t h gr ea t b l a ck ey es a nd , ,

h is bod y s o w a st ed a n d t hi n t h a t his es h s ee ed t o b ea ll gon e

, ,

a nd he a pp ea r e d t o h a veno t hi n g b u t s ki n ha ngi ng u po n his bo nes .

The n o v ic e ki s s ed t hi s cr ea t u r e a nd fo u nd t h a t h e w a s a s c o l d
r t he ki ss a l l r emem
,

a s ic e a nd a ft e bra nc e o f t hec a t ho l ic fa ith

v a n i s h ed ent ir ely fro mh is h e
,

a rt T h en t h ey a ll s a t do w n t o
.

t he b a n q u et a n d w h en th ey ro s e a g a i n th er e s t epp ed o u t o f a
, ,

s ta t u e w hich w a s u s u a lly fo u nd in t h es e s choo l s a b l a ck c a t

do u b l e t he s i z e o f a m od er a t e dog : it c a m
, , ,

e b a ck w a r d w i t h it s
ta i l t ur n ed u p The no v ic e r st t h en t he m
,

. a st er a n d a ft e
,
r w a rd ,

t he oth er s o n e a ft er a no th er ki s s ed t he c a t a s it pr es en t ed it
l f a nd w h en t h ey ha d r et u rned t o t h eir pl a c es th ey r em
, ,

se a i ne d
i n s i l en c e w i t h th ei r h ea d s i n cl i ned t o w a rd t heca t a nd t he m
,

, as ,

t er su dd enly pro n o u n c ed t h e w ord s S a veu s H e a ddr es s ed
,
.

t hi s to t h e n ext in ord er a nd t he t hir d a ns w er ed

,
W e kn o w it , ,

l ord u p on w hich a fo u rt h a dd ed W e h a ve t o ob ey
A ft er
thi s c erem ony w a s p er for m
.
,

ed t he c a n d l es w er e ex t i n gu i sh ed
y p roc eed ed i ndi s cri m
, ,

a nd th e i na t ely t o a cts w hic h c a n h a rdly b e

d es crib ed W h en t hi s w a s ov er t he c a nd l es w er e a g a i n l ight ed
y r esu m
.
, ,

a n d th e ed t h eir p l a c es a nd t h en o u t o f a d a r k cor ner o f

t he roo mc a m ea m a n t he u pp er p a r t o f w ho m a bo v e t he l oi ns
, , ,

w a s bright a nd r a di a n t a s t h e s u n a n d t he l o w er p a r t w a s ro u gh
s s i ll u m
,

a nd h a iry l i k e a ca t a n d hi s brigh t n e i na t ed t he w ho l e
roo m T h en t hem r tor e o ff a bit o f t hega r m
,

. a ste ent of t he no v
4
38 S O R C E RY A ND M A GIC .

ice, a nd said t o t he shi ni ng p er s o na ge M a s t er thi s i s gi v en t o

m a nd I gi ve it a ga i n t o t h ee t o w hich he r epl i ed T hou
, ,

e,
h a st s erv ed m e w el l a nd t ho u w i l t s er ve m em
,

or e a nd b et t er ;
w h a t t ho u h a s t gi v en m Im medi a t ely
,

e I gi ve i nt o t hy k eepi n g
r s o na g ev a n i sh ed a n d t he m
.
,

a ft er t hi s t hes hi n i n g p e eet i n g brok e ,

u p T he hu l l fu r t h er ch a rg es t h es e p eop l e w i t h w orshippi ng
L u ci fer ; a nd cont a i ns o t h er a rt ic l es evid ent ly borro w ed fro m
.

t h s cr eed o f t he a n ci ent gn o s t ic s and M a ni chm

,

a n s a nd t h e ir k in ,

dr ed s ect s
S u ch is t he s t a t em ent gr a v ely m a d e in a for m a l i ns t r u m
.

ent by
t he h ea d o f t he ch u rch A t t he r s t ou t br ea k o f t he q u a rr el b e
n t he S t ed ing er s a n d t h e s ee o f B r em
.

t w ee en no on e a pp ea r s t o
h a v e tho u ght o f ch a rgi ng t h emw it h th es e horrib l e a c t s T h ey
,

w er e in v ent ed o nly w hen t he forc e w hi ch t he a rchbi s hop co u l d

co m ma nd w a s no t su ffi ci ent t o r ed u c e t h em; a nd s i n gu l a rly
eno u gh w h en th ey ha d s u bm i t t ed t he ch a rge o f her esy w i t h a ll
i t s co n co m i t a nt s c a nd a l s s eem
, , ,

s t o h a ve b e en ent ir ely f orgott en

T he a rchbi shop o f B r em
, .

en w ith t he S t ed in g er s lik e P hi l ipp e l o

B el w it h t he t em p l a r s b eg a n b y d efa mi ng t he c a u s e w hich he
,

T he pr el a t e w a s i n ci t ed b y t he l o ve o f t em
,

w i s h ed t o d est ro y .

p or a l a u t hori t y t he ki ng b y t he w a nt o f go l d
T he m i l it a r y ord er O f t he t em
, .

p l a rs w a s fou nd ed ea rly in t he
t w el fth c ent u ry fo r t he pro t ec t io n o f t he ho ly s epu l chr e; it s
memb ers by t heir condu c t mer it ed t he eu l o gy o f S t B erna rd
,

a nd o n m
, , .
,

a ny occ a s io n s t h e ir br a very s a v ed t he C hri st i a n i nt e

r est s in t he E a st Bu t t he ord er s oon b ec a m . e ex t r a ordi na ri ly
rich a nd w ea l t h a s u su a l brou gh t w i t h it a ho st o f corr u p t io ns
T he w ri t er s o f t h e t w el ft h c en t u r y c o m
, , ,

a nd a t t e nd a nt v ic es
p l a in t h a t t he t em p la rs h a d d egen er a t ed m u c h fro mt h e v i r t u e
.

w hich ori gi na lly c h a r a c t eri z ed t he ord er ; a n d i n t he c en t u r y fo l

l o w i ng t he prid e o f a t em

p l a r b ec a me a pro v erbi a l s a y i ng

.

T he new k nigh t w a s r ec ei ved i nt o t he ord er a t a pri va t e i niti a

tio n w i t h v a rio u s form s a nd c e r em o n i es h a v i n g p a rt ly a l i t era l
a nd p a rt ly a sy m bol ic a l mea n i ng S o m
, ,

eo f t h es e a pp ea r t o h a ve .

b een r ep ea t ed a nd corru p t ed a ft er t heir r ea l i nt ent io n w a s forgo t

t en a nd it i s no t i m po ss ib l e t h a t in t he co u r se o f t hefa mi l i a r r e
l a t io ns w hich t h ey a r e s a id to h a v e h el d w i t h t he in d el s s o m e
mma y h a v e l ea rned a nd a dopt ed ma ny doc t ri nes a nd p r a c
,

of t he

tic es w hich w er e i n cons i st ent w i t h th eir p r o fess ion I t is c er .

S m e ye V n H m me Pii g t ll in n el b a t ee y p b l i hed in t he

o ag ar s o. o a r r s a a a or ssa u s
t t em p t ed t h w f mmed ie l mn men t t h t t he
,

F nd g ii b en d e O ien t
u r s r s, a o s o ro va o u s, a
o de
r f t het em
r o p l w infe t ed w it h g n t i i m b t hi e h b een p i t ed
a rs as os c s u s r r or as o n
o t b y m e t h n ne
s
u or b eq ent w it e
a o su In f t V n H m
s u me t o t a lly m nder
r r. ac a r

o nu m
o i su
f t hem
,

st ood t hecha r a ct e r oent s on w hich heb il t his t heo y u r .

 T HE K NIGH T S T E M PLA RS -
. 39

t a in , tha t b efor e t he end o f t he thirteenth c entu ry ru m ors w ere ,

s p r ea d a bro a d o f st r a ng e p ra c t i c e s a nd st i ll s tr a nge r v ic es in
w hi c h t he t em pl a r s w er e s a id t o i ndu l ge T he m
, ,

y st erio u s se
m
. o

c re c
y w hich th e y a i nt a i ned ,th eir p rid e rich es , a n d p o w e r , ,

w er e qu ite su i cient gro u n d s in a su p er s t i t io u s a g e f o r su c h

ch ar g es . T h eir p o w er m a d e the ma n obj ect Of a l a rmt o t hesov
er eig ns o f t heva rio u s cou ntri es in w hich t h ey w er e es ta b l i shed
b u t th eir rich es p ro ved t he c a u s e o f t h eir na l doo m
,

T he trea su r y o f P hi l i pp e l e B el ha d b een l o ng ex ha u st ed a nd ,

heha d a l r ea d y tri ed a va ri ety o f ex p edi ents fo r t he pu rpo s e o f

r a i s i ng m o ney w h en in t he r s t yea rs o f t hefou rt eent h c entu ry

b e d et er m i ned t o recru it his na nc es b y s ei z i ng t he i m mense
, , ,

p ro p er ty o f t he tem pl a rs T he s i n i st er repor t s a l rea d y b el i ev ed

by m r een co u r a ged ; v a gu e co m
.
,

a ny w e pl a i nts a ga ins t t heco r r u p

tio ns of t he tem
,

p l a rs w ere c a rri ed to t he p op e a nd t he ki n g o f ,

Fra n c e u rged th a t a n i nqu iry s ho u l d b e i n stitu ted A t l engt h

o n e or m ore knight s o f t he ord er w ere i nd u c ed t o m
.

a k e a v o lu n

t a r y co nfess ion o f t he enor m iti es w hich t hey p r etend ed w ere

p r a cti sed b y t he t e m p l a r s in th eir s e cr et co ncl a ve s a nd t h e n t h e
m
,

p o n t i ff y i el d e d t o t h e u rg e nt d e a nd s o f K i ng P hi l ipp e a nd ,

a gr e ed t ha t t h ey s hou l d b e bro u ght to a t ri a l T he rich est p o s

r w ere in F r a nc e for t he T em
.

se s s io ns o f t he ord e pl e in P a ri s
w a s th eir gr a nd c ent r a l es ta b l i s h m
,

ent ; a nd h enc e P hi l ipp e l e

Bel a ssu m ed t he righ t o f dir ec t i n g a n d p r es idi ng o v er t he proc ess
w hich w a s t o b e c a rri ed o n a ga i ns t th em H e ha d off er ed hi m
l f a s a c a nd id a tefo r a dm
.

se i ss io n i nto t he ord er a nd b een r efu s ed

T he knight s th em l ves a p p ea r to h a v eha d a p r esen t i m
, .

se ent o f
th eir i m p endi ng fa t e a nd to ha ve b een a l a r m ed a t t heext ent o f
t he p op u l a r feel i ng a g a i n st th em A n E ng l i s h t em pl a r m
,

. eeti n g
a k n igh t w ho h a d b e en new ly r ec ei v ed i n t o t he ord e r i nqu ir ed
if h e ha d b een a d m i t t ed a nd t he l a tter h a v i ng r ep l i ed a ffi rm
,

, a

t i v ely hea dd ed I f yo u s ho u l d s i t o n t he t o p o f t he s teep l e o f

S t P a u l s in L o ndo n yo u shou l d n o t b e a b l e t o s eegr ea t er m
, ,

is
T he ru m
.
,

f ort u nes t h a n sh a ll h a p p en t o yo u b efore yo u d ie ors .

a ga i n s t t he ord e r w er e i ncr ea s ed by i ndi s creet confes s ions a nd

bo a s ts o f a few i ndi vid u a l s w hich s eem ed to gi ve co ns i st en c e t o
t h em A t em
,

. p l a r ha d sa i d to o n e w ho did no t b el ong t o t he
ord er tha t in t h eir ch a pt er genera l ther e w a s a thi ng in s ecr et
-

th a t if a ny o ne ha d t he m
,

i sfo r tu ne to see it even w ere it t he

k i ng o f F r a nc e hi m
,

sel f nothi n g w o u l d hi nd er t ho s e o f t he ch a p
t er f ro mki ll i ng hi m i f it w er e in t h eir p o w er
,

Ano t h er sa id
We h a ve three a rt ic l es a m
.
, ,

ong u s in o u r ord er w hich no ne

. ,

w ill ev er kn o w ex c ep t G o d a nd t he d evil a nd w et heb r e

, , t hr e n
40 S O R CE RY A ND M A GIC .

o f t he ord er . M a ny stori es w er e r eport ed o f i nd ivid u a l s w ho
ha d b een s ecr et ly p u t t o d ea t h b ec a u s e t h ey h a d b een w i t ness es
b y d es ign o r a ccid ent o f t he s ecr et c er em o ni es o f t he t em
, ,

, p l e ,

a n d o f t he t errib l e d u n g eo n s i nt o w hich t he chi efs o f t h e ord er

thr ew it s di s ob edi ent m em b er s O ne o f t he k n ight s d ec l a r ed

.

tha t his u n c l e ha d ent er ed t he ord er in good h ea l t h a n d ch eer ,

fu l w i t h his dog s a nd fa l co ns a nd t h a t in thr ee d a y s he w a s

x a mi ned b efor e t he co m mi s s ion b y
, ,

d ea d a n d o n e w itn e ss e

w hich t he c a u s e o f t he t em pl a rs w a s t ri ed d epo sed t h a t he ha d

h ea rd s ever a l t em
,

pl a r s s a y t h a t t h er e w ere p oi nt s b es id e t ho s e
ment io ned in t he pu b l ic ru les of t he ord er w hich t h ey w ou l d
no t m
,

ent io n fo r t h eir h ea d s
I n t he a u t u m
.

n o f t h e y ea r 1 307 t he ki ng o f F r a nc e st r u c k t h e
b l o w w hic h he h a d b een s ome ti m e co nt em
,

p l a t i ng H e i nv ited
t he gr a nd m
.

a s t er J a q u es d e M o l a y a nd t h e chi e fs o f t h e ord er
in F r a nc e to P a ri s u nd er pr et en c e O f s ho w i n g t h emhis fa vor
, ,

a nd r ec ei v ed t h emw i t h e ry m a rk o f a t t a ch m
, , ,

ve ent A ft er ha v
i ng a c t ed a s go d fa t her to o n e o f t he ki ng s s o n s t he gr a nd m
.

a st er

,

w a s o ne o f t he p a ll b ea r er s a t t he b u ri a l o f his s i s t er i n l a w o n
- - -

t he t w el ft h o f O c t ob er Nex t d a y J a qu es d e M o l a y a nd a hu n
dr ed a nd fort y t em
.
, ,

p l a r s w ho w er e in P a r i s o n t hi s occ a s io n
The sa m
,

w er e a rr es t ed a nd t hr o w n i nt o pri s o n e d a y t h irt y
w er e a rr est ed a t B ea u c a ir e a n d i m medi a t ely a ft er w a rd t he t em
.

p l a r s in a l l p a r t s o f F r a nc e w e r e sei z ed T h e p u b l ic a t io n o f

por t s t he i nv ec t i v es o f t he m
.

sc a nda lo u s re onki sh pr ea ch er s a n
i n a m ma t ory l et t er o f t h e ki ng every met hod w a s empl oy ed to
, ,

excite t he p eop l e a ga i nst t h em Thegr a n d m r a nd s om

,

. a s te eo f ,

t h e pri n c ip a l br et hr en o f t hec r d er a rr es t ed in P a ri s w er ec a rri ed

b efore t he u n i vers i t y a nd ex a m
,

,
i ned o n c er t a i n a rt ic l es O f a cc u s a
t io n fo u nd ed it w a s s a id o n t h e v o l u n t a ry co n fes s io n o f t w o
k n ight s o f t he ord er a G a s co n a nd a n I t a l i a n w ho i m
, , ,

pri s o n ed
fo r s o m
, , ,

eo ff en c es a ga i ns t t h e l a w ha d r ev ea l ed t h es ec r et s o f t he
ord er T h es e pr et end ed s ecr et s w er e no w m
,

a d e p u b l ic prob a

b ly w i t h m r a t ion a nd a ddi t io n T he t em
.
,

u ch ex a gg e p l a r s w er e
.

a cc u s e d o f r eno u nci ng t hefa i t h o f t he chu rch a nd o f spit t i ng a nd

tra m pl i ng u po n t he cro s s o f u s i ng c er em
,

o ni es o f a d i s g u st i ng
ch a r a c t er a t t h eir i n i t i a tio ns a nd o f s ecret pr a ct ic es o f t he m
,

, ost
r evo l t i ng d es cr ip t io n T heg ener a l ch a ra c t er o f t he a ct o f a cc u
s a t io n a g a i n st t he t em p l a r s bor e a c l o s e r es em
.

b l a nc e to t h a t o f
t he ea rl i er b u ll a g a i ns t t h e S t ed ing er s I t w a s s a id th a t t h ey.

w or s hipp ed t he ev i l o ne in t he s h a p e o f a n ido l w hich t h ey ,

l ook ed u pon a s t he p a t ro n o f t heir ord er a nd a s t he a u t hor o f a ll ,

th eir rich es a nd p ro sp eri t y a nd th a t th ey w er e i ndi vidu a lly p r o

,
 T HE KNIG HT S TEM PLARS -
. 41

tect ed by a cd r d th a t
ha d b een p a ss ed w ith yst ic c er e ony m m
ro u nd t he ido l , a nd w hich t h ey w ore a s a gird l e a t t he w a i st .

Thi s i do l th ey w er e a cc u s ed o f co ns ecr a ti ng , b y a noi n t i n g it w i t h

t he f a t o f a n ew born i nfa nt , t he ill egiti a t eO ff s pri ng O f a bro t h er
-
m
o f t h e o r d er
"
m
A or e r a t io n a l c ha rge w a s th a t , fou nd ed o n t he
I

m
.

i nt i a t e i n t ercou r s e w i t h t he S a ra c ens , o f h a vi n g b etra y ed t he

C hri s ti a n s o f t he E a st to t h eir u n bel i evi ng ene i es T h ey w ere m .

even a cc u s ed o f h a vi ng ent er ed i nto t he s er vic e o f t he su l t a n

m
.

It w a s s a id , fu rth er , th a t th ey r efu s ed to rec ei ve t he s a cr a ents

fro m tho s e w ho w ere a l one a u thori z ed b y t he chu rch to co u mm
m
n ic a t e th e , a nd th a t th e y co nfes s ed only to o ne a n oth er a nd t o
t h eir chi efs
m
.

T he p roc es s dr a gged o n sl o w ly d u ri n g or e th a n t hr ee y ea r s ,
in co n s equ en c e of t he j ea l o u s i es w hich a ro s e a ong t ho s e w ho m
w er e m
or e o r l ess i nt er est ed in it s pro s ec u tio n The p op e .
.

w i s h ed t o bri n g it entir ely u nd er t he j u ri s dictio n o f t he ch u rch ,

a n d t o h a ve i t d e m
cid ed a t R o e T he ki ng , o n t he o t h er h a nd ,
m
.

i s tru s t i ng t he po p e, a nd r es ol ved o n t hed es tru c t ion o f t heord er ,

a n d t h a t n o ne b u t hi se m
l f s ho u l d r ea p t he a d va nta ge o f i t , d e
c id ed t ha t it s ho u l d b e j u dg ed a t P a ri s u n d e r his o w n p er sona l
i n u enc e T he p ro s ec u t io n w a s dir ect ed b y his i ni st er s , No m
m
.

g a r e t a n d E n g u er r a n d d e M a ri g n y T h e t e p l a rs a s s e r t ed t h e ir
m
.

i nnoc enc e, a nd d e a nd ed a fa i r t ri a l ; b u t t h ey fo u n d few a dvo

ca t e s w ho w o u l d u nd e rt a k e t h eir d efenc e, a nd t h ey w er e su b
j e ct ed t o h a rd s hip s a nd tor t u r e s w hich forc ed a ny o f t h e mi n t o m
m
c on fess io ns dict a t ed to t h e b y t h eir p er sec u tor s D u ri ng t hi s .

i nt er v a l , t he pop es ord ers w er e c a rri ed i nt o o t h er cou nt r i es o r

m
,

d eri ng t he a rres t o f t he t e p l a rs , a n d t he s ei z u r e o f t h eir good s ,

a nd e v ery w h e m
r e t he s a e ch a rges w er e bro u ght a ga i n st the , m
a nd t h e s a mm
e ea ns a do pt ed t o proc u r e t h eir co nd e n a tio n , m
a l tho u gh t h ey w er eno t e ve ry w h er esu bj ec t ed to t he sa e s ev er m
it y a s i n F r a n c e A t l engt h , in t he s pri n g o f 1 31 6 , t he gra nd
mm m m
.

p roc e ss w a s Ope n e d in P a r i s a nd a n i e n s e nu b e r of t e

m m
,

l a r , bro u ght fro a ll p a rt s o f t h e ki n gdo u n d e r w e n t a p u b l ic

p
m m
,

exa i na tio n A l ong a ct O f a cc u sa tio n w a s r ea d , s o e o f t he

m
.

h ea d s o f w hich w er e, th a t t he t e p l a r s , a t th eir r ec ep t io n i nto

t he ord er , d en i ed C hri s t , a nd s o et i es t h ey d eni ed expr es sly mm .

a ll t h e s a i n t s d e c l a ri n g th a t h e w a s n o t G o d t r u ly b u t a f a lse

m m
, ,

ro p h e t n w h o h a d b ee n p u n i s h ed for hi s cri e s ; t h a t th e y
p ,
a a

C ra encor ef a isoient
il e n f
-a n tp i
nso u
c avrel
ane n g e nd r d u n t e p ie

r e n u n e ml
e
,

l ce l
l e to t
e i i e i f e e e l e e t e t d e ce ee s t o it sa cr e
l e ll

t t t o a s
m
s cu t t r ost a n n o u a g r a s

g d
'
t oi nt e e d l l e L e C h n i q u cs d e S t D e s ed d e Pa u i n P a r is. l
m
s a n r o
u r y o g r , . .
.

to . v .
, p . 1 90 .
42 S O R CER Y A ND M AGI C .

ha d nohop e o f s a l va tio n thro u gh him; th a t th ey a l w a y s a t t heir ,

i n i t i a tio n i nt o t he ord er s pi t u po n t he cro s s a nd t rod it u nder , ,

foo t ; t ha t t hey did t hi s esp eci a lly o n G ood Fr id a y ; t h a t t h ey

w or shipp ed a c er t a i n ca t w hich s o m et i m es a pp ea r ed t o t h emi n

th eir co n gr ega t io n t h a t t h ey did no t b el i eve in a ny o f t he s a c

r am ent s o f t he chu rch ; t ha t t h ey t ook s ecr et o a t h s w hich t h ey
w er e bo u n d no t t o r evea l t h a t t he bro t h er w ho o f ci a t ed a t t he
r ec ep t io n o f a new bro t h er ki s s ed t he nak ed bo d y o f t he l a t t er
o ft en in a very u nb eco m i ng m
,

a nner t h a t ea ch di ff e r ent pro v i n c eof

t heord er ha s it s ido l w hich w a s a h ea d h a v i n g s o m et i m es t hr ee

fa c es a n d a t o t her s o nly o ne ; or so m et i m es a h u m
, ,

a n s k u ll ; 1
'

th es e ido l s t h ey w or shipp ed in t h eir ch a pt ers a n d co ngr ega t io ns

b el i evi ng t ha t t h ey ha d t he po w er o f m a ki n g t h emrich a n d o f
,

c a u s i ng t he tr ees to o u ri s h a nd t he ea rt h t o b ecom
,

e fr ui t fu l ;
th a t th ey girt th em
,

se l v es w i t h cords w i t h w hich t h es e ido l s ha d ,

b een su p ers t i t io u sly t ou ch ed ; t ha t t ho s e w ho b et r a y ed t he s e

c r et s o f t h e ir ord er or w er e di s o b edi ent w ere t hro w n i nt o pri s
, ,

o n a n d o ft e n pu t t o de a t h ; t ha t t h e y h el d t h eir ch a p t ers s ecret ly

d a w a tch t o pr ev ent t h emfro ma ny d a n
,

a nd b y n ight a nd p l a c e ,

e r o f i nt e rr p t io n di co ve r y n d t h t t h ey b e l i e e d t he
g u o r s ; a a v

gra nd m a s ter a l o ne ha d t he po w er o f a b so l vi ng t h emf r o mth eir

-

s i ns . T he p u b l ic a t io n O f th es e ch a rg es a nd t he a gi t a t io n w hich ,

h a d b een d esignedly got u p cr ea t ed su ch a ho r ror t hrou ghou t

F r a nc e t h a t t he t em
,

pl a rs w ho di ed du r i ng t he proc es s w er e
tr ea t ed a s co nd em
,

ned h er et ic s a nd b u ri a l in con s ecr a t ed gro u n d

w a s r efu s ed to t h eir r em
,

a i ns

W hen w e r ea d o ver t he nu m ero u s ex a m i na tions o f t he t em

.

p l a r s in o t h er co u n t ri es a s w e ll a s i n F r a n c e w e ca n no t b u t
f eel co nvi nc ed t h a t s o m
, , ,

eo f t hes e ch a rg es ha d a d egr eeo f fo u n d

a t io n t ho u gh p er ha p s t he circ u m st a n c es o n w hich t h e y w er e
f o u nd ed w er e m i su n d er s to o d A v ery g r ea t nu m
,

b er o f k night s
ner a l poi nt s o f t he fo r m
.

a gr eed to t he g e u l a o f i ni t i a t io n a n d w e ,

c a n no t b u t b e l i eve t h a t t h ey did d eny C hri s t a n d t h a t t h ey s pit ,

a nd t rod u po n t he cro s s The w o r d s o f t he d en i a l w er e J e

m
.
,

re ne De o r J er e J i e r p e t d hric b o t f ho

y u n ey i s u e a e t e u t s o t se
w ho co nfes s ed h a v i ng go ne thro u gh t hi s c er em
, ,

o ny d ec l a red ,

t ha t th ey did it w i t h r epu g na nc e a n d th a t th ey s pi t b es id e t h e
cro s s a nd no t o n it The r ec ep t io n t o ok pl a c e in a s ecr et roo m
, ,

w i t h c l o s ed door s ; t h e c a ndid a t e w a s co m
.
, ,

p ell ed t o t a k e o ff p a r t
I t emq d a d o a b a nt q end a m t m ib i in i p a co ng eg t i n
, u o r u ca a
pp s
r ent em s r a o s a a

q nd q e
u a o u
f l t emq d ip i p e ing l
.

uo p s in ir h b eb n t y d l
s u as id el i et
r ov c as
p i t aq a o a, v c ca a u ot
l iq a ha b eb a nt t r es fa cies et a li q e na met a l iq ec a ne mh m an m
,

ha b
'

a
1 a u u u , u r u u u
e a nt .
 T HE KNI GHTS-T EMPLA RS . 43

or a ll of h is ga r me t s (
ery r a re ly the l a tter ) a nd the n he w a s
n v

O ne o f t he k n i ghts ex a m
,

k iss e d o n v a rio u s p a rts o f t he bod y

i n ed G u is cha r d de M a rz ici s a id h e re m em
.

bered the reception

o f H u g h de M a r ha u d o f the diocese o f Ly o ns w ho mhe sa w
, ,

t a k en i nt o a s m a ll roo mw hich w a s c l osed u

, ,

s o th a t n o o ne
, p
co u l d s e e or he a r w h a t took pl a ce w ithi n ; b u t th a t w he n a fter
so m e t im
,

e he w a s l et ou t he w a s v ery p a l e a nd l ooked a s
t h o u gh he w ere tro u b l e d a nd a m
, . ,

a z ed
(f u zt va l d e a l l id u s e
'

p t q u a

s i t u r b a t u s ct s t u p e f a ct u s
) I n co n j u n ctio n ho w e v er w ith t hese

s t r a n g e a nd re v o l ti ng c ere m
.
, ,

o n ies there w ere others th a t sho w ed ,

a re vere n ce fo r the Christi a n chu rch a nd its ordi na nces a ro

p ,

f o u n d fa ith i a Christ a n d the co nsciou s n ess tha t the p a rta ker o f

t hemw a s e nteri ng i nto a ho ly v o w
,

M M iche l et w ho ha s c a re fu lly i nv esti g a ted the m

.

a teri a l s r e

m
.
,

l a t i ng t o the tri a l o f the te p l a rs ha s s u g g ested a t l e a st a n i n

o u s exp l a na tion o f these a no m m

,

g e n i a l ies H e i a i nes th a t the

g
for mo f receptio n w a s b orro w ed fro m the gu r a ti v e m
.

y ster ie s
The c a ndid a te fo r a d m
'

a n d rites o f the e a rly ch u rch ission

.

i nto the o rder a ccordi ng to this notio n w a s rst prese nted a s a

s i nn er a nd re n e g a de in w hich ch a r a cter a fter the ex a m
, ,

,
pl e o f ,

St P eter he de nied Christ This d e n i a l w a s a sort o f p a nto

mi me in w hich the novice expressed his reprob a te sta te b y s p it
.
, .

ti ng o u the cross The c a ndid a te w a s the n stripped o f his pr o

.

fa n e c l othi ng rec ei v ed thro u gh th e kiss o f the ord er i nto a hi gh

,

er s t a te o f fa ith a nd redressed w ith the g a rb of its ho l i ness

Fo r m s l ike these w ou ld in the m idd l e a g es be e a si ly m
, .

isu n d er
st o od a nd their ori g i na l m
, ,

e a ni ng soo n fo r g otte n
A noth er ch a r g e in t he a cc u s a tio n o f t he te m pl a rs see m
,
.

s to
h a v e bee n to a gre a t de gree pro ved b y t he d epositio ns o f w it
n esses the i d o l or he a d w hich the y w ere s a id to h a v e w orshi p
e d b u t the re a l ch a r a cter o r m e a ni n
g o f w hich w e a r e to t a lly
p
M a ny te m
,

u n a b l e t o exp l a i n p l a rs co nfessed to h a v i ng see n

th is ido l b u t a s the y described it di ff ere ntly w e m
.

u st s u ppos e

t h a t it w a s no t in a l l c a ses represe n ted u nder t he s a m e for m

, ,

S om
.

e s a id it w a s a fri ght fu l he a d w ith l o ng be a rd a n d sp a rk l i ng

e y es ; others s a id it w a s a m a n s sk u ll ; so m
,

e described it a s

h a ving three fa ces ; so m e s a id it w a s o f w ood a nd others o f

meta l ; one w i t n ess described it a s a p a i nti ng (t a b u la p ict a ) r ep
,

r e s e n ti n g the i m a e of a m m o ho m i n is
) a nd s a id th a t
g an
( g
i a

w he n it w a s sho w n t o hi mhe w a s ordered to

,

a dore Christ his

A ccordi ng t o so m
,

c re a tor e it w a s a g i l t gu r e either o f w ood
or m
.
, ,

eta l ; w hi l e othe r s described it a s p a i nted b l a ck a nd w hite .

A ccord ing t o a nother de p ositio n t he ido l ha d fo u r feet t w o b e , ,

44 S O R CE RY A ND M AG IC .

fore a nd ehi nd ; t he o n e b el ongi ng t o the order a t Pa r is

t wo b
w a s s a id to be a si l ver he a d w i t h t w o fa ces a nd a be a rd
,
T he .

n o vices o f the order w ere to l d a l w a y s to re g a rd t hi s ido l a s

their s a vior Deo d a t u s I s et a k n i ght fro mthe so u th o f F r a nce
'

.
, ,

w ho ha d b ee n rec ei ved a t Ped en a t deposed th a t the perso n w ho

in his c a s e per for m ed the cere m o nies o f reception sho w ed him
,

a h e a d or ido l w hich a ppe a red to h a v e three f a ces a nd s a id

Y ou m
, , ,

u st a dore thi s a s y o u r s a vior a nd t h e s a v ior o f t he order

o f the Te m pl e a nd th a t he w a s m
,

a de to w orship the i d o l s a
y
Bl essed be he w ho sh a l l s a ve m
, ,

i ng so ul Cet u s R a o n is
y g
a k ni ht recei v ed a t R o m a ch a m
,
.
,

e i n ber o f t he p a l a ce o f t he
g
L a ter a n ga v e a so m
,
e w h a t si m i l a r a cco u nt M a ny other w it .

n esses spoke o f h a v i ng see n these he a ds w hich ho w e ver w ere

perh a ps no t sho w n to e v ery bod y fo r the g re a test nu m
, , , ,

, , ber o f
those w ho spoke o n this s u bj ect s a id t h a t the y ha d he a rd spe a k
o f the he a d b u t th a t the y ha d n e v er see n it the m
,

se l v es ; a nd
ma ny o f the mdec l a red their disbe l ie f in its existe nc e A f ri a r
,

mi nor depo sed in E ngl a nd th a t a n E ngl ish te mpl a r ha d a ssu red

.

'

h imth a t in th a t co u n try the or d er ha d fo u r pri ncip a l i d o l s o n e

a t L o ndo n i n the s a cristy o f the Te m p l e a nother a t B r is t elh a m
,

, ,

a t hird a t B r u e r ia B u er n in L i nco l nshire d a fo u rth be y o nd

( r ) a n
the H u m
,

ber
So m e o f t he k ni ghts fro mthe so u th a dded a nother circ u m
.

sta nce in t heir co nfessi o n s re l a ti ng to this he a d A te m pl a r o f

Fl o re n ce dec l a red th a t in the secret m
.

eeti ng s o f the ch a pt ers

m
, , ,

o ne bro t her s a id t o the others s ho w i n

g the t h e ido l A dor e
this he a d This he a d is y o u r G od a nd y ou r M a ho m
, ,

et An
other G a u ser a nd de M o nt p es a nt s a id t h a t the ido l w a s m
. .

a de in

the g u re o f Ba ffo m et (t n g u r a mB a h m
, , ,

et i ) ; a nd a nother R a y
mond R u bei described it a s a w oode n he a d on w hich w a s
,

p a i nted the gu re o f B a pho m

, ,

et a nd he a dds th a t he w orsh ip
ped it b y k issi ng its feet a nd exc l a i m
, ,

in g Ya lla w hich he d e
s cribes a s a w ord o f the S a r a ce ns (ver b u mS a r a cen or u m)
, , ,

This ha s bee n sei z ed u po n by so me a s a proo f th a t the te m

.

p l a rs
ha d secretly e m bra ced M a ho m et a n is ma s B a ff o m et or B a pho m et
is e vide ntly a corru ptio n o f M a ho m et ; b u t it m
,

u st n o t be fo r

otte n th a t the Chris t i a ns o f the W es t co nst a ntly u sed the w ord

g
M a ho m et in t he m ere si g ni c a tion o f a n i d o l a nd th a t it w a s t he
desire o f those w ho co nd u cted the prosec u tio n a g a i n st the t em
,

l a r s to sho w their i nti ma te i n terco rs e w ith t h e S a ra c e n s

p u

O t hers especi a lly Vo n H a m mer g a ve a G reek deri va tion o f t he

.

w ord a nd a ss u m ed it a s a p roo f tha t g nosticis mw a s the s ecr et

, ,

doctr ine of the Te m

,

pl e .
 T H E KNI GH TS TE M P A RS -
L . 45

T he co nfess io ns w ith re g a rd t o the y sterio u s ca t w ere m mch u

ra rer a nd ore v a gu e m
So e It a l i a n k n i ghts confe s sed . m
th a t
the y h a d bee n prese nt a t a secret ch a pter o f t w e l ve k ni ghts he l d
a t B ri n dis i a t w hich a gr a y c a t s u dde nly a ppe a red a m o ng the m
A t Nis m es so m e te m
, ,

a nd th a t the y w orshipped it pl a rs de .
,

cl a r ed th a t the y h a d bee n prese nt a t a ch a pter a t M o n tpe l ier

a t w hi ch the de m o n a ppe a red to the min the for mo f a ca t a nd

,

pro mi s ed t he mw orl d ly prosper ity ; a nd a d d e d th a t the y s a w

,

d ev i l s in the sh a pe o f w o me n G il let u s de Encr eyo a te m

,

pl a r
o f t h e di o cese o f R hei m
.
,

s w ho dis b e l ie ved i n the story o f the ,

ca t depos ed th a t he ha d he a rd s a y tho u g h he k n e w no t b y
w ho m th a t i n so m
, ,

e o f their b a tt l es be y o nd s ea a ca t ha d a p
a r ed to the m n g l i s h k n i g ht w ho w a s ex a m
, ,

p e A n E . i n ed a t ,

L o n do n d eposed th a t in E ng l a nd the y did n o t a d ore the c a t or

, ,

the ido l to his k no w l ed g e b u t he ha d he a rd it positi v e ly sta ted ,

-

th a t the y w orshipped the c a t a nd the ido l in p a rts bey o nd s ea 1 .

.
'

E ng l i s h w it nesses deposed t o other a cts o f indo l a t r y It w as
o f co u rs e the de m o n w ho prese nted hi m se l f in the for mo f the
.

A l a d y na m ed A gn es Lo veco t e ex a m
,

ca t .
,
i ned in E ngl a nd , ,

s ta ted tha t she ha d he a rd t h a t a t a ch a pter he l d a t Di n e sle e

v i l a ppe a red to the te m
,

D
( y n n es l e y i n H ert fordshire ) the de p l a rs
in a m o ns t ro u s for m ha vi ng precio u s sto nes i ns t e a d o f e y es
,

w hich sho n e so b ri g ht t h a t the y i ll u m

, ,

i na ted the w ho l e ch a pter ;

the bre t hre n in s u cc essio n kisse d himo n the pos t eriors a nd
ma rk ed there the for mo f the cross She w a s t o l d th a t o ne
, , ,

y o u ng m w ho re fu s ed to g o thro u g h this cer em

.

an o ny w a s
thro w n i nto a w e ll a n d a g re a t sto ne c a st u pon him A noth er
, ,

, .

w itn ess R obert de F o l de s a id th a t he ha d he a rd t w e nty y e a rs

a o t h a t in the s a m vil c a m
, ,

g e p l a c e the d e e to the ch a pt e r o n c e
w a w a y w ith o n eo f the k n i g hts w ho mhe took a s
, ,

a y e a r a nd e

T w o others deposed th a t cer t a i n te m

, ,

a so r t o f tri b u te p l a rs
co nf es sed to the mth a t a t a a nd a nnu a l a sse m
.

g r b ly i n the co u n ty
o f Y ork t h e te m ,p l a rs w orshipped a c a l f A l l this is m ere he a r .

s a y b u t it sho w s the pop u l a r O pi nio n o f the co nd u ct o f t he o r

A te m p l a r ex a m i ned in P a ris n a m
,

d er ed J a cqu es de Tre c es
w ho sa id th a t he ha d b ee n i nfor m
.
, ,

ed th a t a t secret ch a pters h el d
at m idni ght a he a d a ppe a red to the a sse m b l ed brethr en a d ded
t h a t o n e o f t he m ha d a pri v a te de m
, , ,

o n b y w hose cou n c i l he ,

w a s w is e a nd rich i .

A d i it t m
u en a b a l iq ib s d i i d e q ib
v a n n e u d t u q od q id a mea t en
u c u u s o r co r a r u u
m e in p elii mq d t men n n ed it
,

up ) eb t l t
ar ra
f R e p nd it q d in A ng l i n n d nt t mnec id l mq d ip e cia t ; I ed
a u ar r s co r u . u o a o cr .

md i it b ene d i i q d d nt t m cid l mi n p t i b t n m ini

s o uo a o a or a ca u o u , uo s s
v c uo a or a ca u c o u ar u s ra s ar s.

t A u d i it t a men d i i p t q mf it in
,

d ine q od d i t fr a t er R a d u lp hu n b a b e
monemp i
v c oa u a u or u c u s
m
,

b nt de r va t u , cu u s co nsilio
j er a t sa p ienp ccdives.
46 S O R CE RY A ND M AGI C .

Ab su rd a s these a cc u s a tio ns m a
y a ppe a r t o u s a t t he p r es en t
d a y the y w ere the n be l ie v ed a nd he l ped a s m u ch a s a ny thin
g
e l s e to i ns u re the co nde m The a imo f ki ng
, ,

na tio n o f the order .

P hi l ippe w a s sec u red ; he sei z ed u po n the w ho l e tre a s u re o f t he

te m p l e in F r a nc e a n d bec a m ,
e rich Those w ho v e n tu r ed t o .

spe a k in de fe n c e o f the order w ere bro w be a te n a nd re c ei ved -

l ittl e a tte ntio n ; the tort u re w a s e m

,

pl oy ed t o f orc e co n fess io ns ;
ft y fou r te m
-
pl a rs w ho re fu sed t o co nfess w ere c a rried t o t he
w i nd m i l l o f St A ntoi ne in the s u b u rbs o f P a ris a nd there b u rnt ;
a nd m am o ng w ho mw a s the g ra nd m a ster hi m
.
, ,

a ny others . se l f -
,

w ere s u bseq u e ntly b ro u g ht t o the st a k e A fter h a v i ng l a sted

t w o or three y e a rs the process e nded i n the co n de m
.

na tio n a nd

s u ppressio n o f the order a nd its esta tes w ere g i ve n in s o m

,

, e
co u ntries to the k ni g hts o f St John It w a s in F r a nce th a t t he
persec u tion w a s most cru e l ; in E ng l a n d the ord er w a s s u p
. .

pressed b u t no exec u tions took p l a ce E ve n in I t a l y the s e v er

it y o f the j u d g es w a s n o t e v ery w here the s a m e ; in L o m
, .
,

b a rd y
a n d T u sc a ny the te m
,
pl a rs w ere conde m n ed w h i l e the y w ere ,

a cq u itted a t R a v e n na a nd B o l o g na The y w ere a l so pro no u n c ed

.

i nnoce nt in C a sti l e w hi l e in A rr a g on the y w ere red u ced b y

force o nly bec a u se the y ha d a tte m pted to resi s t b y force o f a rm
,

, s ;

a nd both i n Sp a i n a nd in P ortu ga l the y o nly g a v e u p their o w n

ord er t o be a d m i t ted i nto o t hers The pope w a s o ff e nded a t t he

l e n ity sho w n t o w a rd the min E ngl a n d Spa i n a nd G er m
.

a ny

The order o f the te m

, , .

pl e w a s n a lly disso l ved a nd a b o l ished a nd

its m em or y b r a nded w ith dis g r a ce Som
,

e o f the k ni ghts a r e
s a id t o h a v e re m a i n ed to g ether a nd f or m
.

ed secret societi es ;
fro mo ne o f w hich it ha s bee n s u pposed th a t the m
,

odern fr ee
ma so ns a r e deri ved This ho w e ver is a do u btfu l q u estio n
.
, , ,

w h ich w i ll perh a p s ne ver be c l e a red u p .

ml
Thehis t or y of t h esu p r es sio n o f t h et e p a r s w a s t r ea t ed in a l a r g ew or k b y
h
t he is t o r ia n Du p u y i n w ich n u m m
er o u s d ocu en t s r el a t ing t o t he r ocess w er e p
p l h
,

r iu t e d M R a y no u ar d u b is ed , in 1 8 1 3, a cr it ica essa y o n t hesu b ect , in w ichl '

h
hm h mp m
. .

ep u t i s elf fo r w a r d a s t hec a io n o f t h e o r d er M M i c elet a s or e r e h

p m m
. .

ce nt ly r int ed t he or i g in a e xal h
in a t io ns a nd o t er docu ent s o f t he p r ocess i n t he
coll e h
c t io n o f ist or ica l d oc u m p h
ent s u bl is ed b y d i rect io n of t h e F r ench g o ver n ent ; m
a nd heh a s t r ea t ed t he at t em
r a t co nsid e r a ble e ng t l
a n d w it u c h resear c in t he hmh h
h
t i r d v ol u m eo f his H is t o ir e d e F r a nce "
A m
a n u scr i t o f t he fo u r teent ce nt u r y h
m
.

l
in t he Co t t o nia n ib r a r y i n t he B r i t ish M u seu ( M S o t t en J u l iu s B X I I ) co n
m
. .
, .

t a ins a consid e r a b le por t ion of t he d e posit ions of t he w it nesses ex a ined in

l
Eng and .
 ENGUERRA NI) DE M A RI GNY . 47

C HA P T E R I V .

S OR C E R Y IN F R A N C E T H E C I T I Z E NS 0F A RR A S .

I N F r a nc e , t h e be l ie f in sorcery a ppe a rs to h a v e bee n m ore

p re v a l e nt a t thi s e a rly period e v e n t h a n in E ngl a n d a nd a bo u t
the midd l e o f the ftee n th ce ntu r y it bec a m
, ,

e the g ro u n d o f
o n e o f the m ost re m a rk a b l e a cts o f w ho l es a l e O ppre s sio n th a t

t h e history o f th a t a g e ha s preser v ed to u s W e h a v e see n

.

ho w a s e a r ly a s t he thirtee nt h ce nt u ry the ch a r g e o f sorcer y

ha d bee n u sed a s o n e o f the m e a n s o f br a ndi ng w ith i n fa m
, ,

y
t he n a m e o f the W a l de n ses o r V a u dois ; the y w ere a cc u sed o f
se ll i ng the m se l ves to the de v i l o f p a s si ng thro u g h the a ir m o u nt
ed o n broo m s t ick s to a p l a ce o f g e n er a l m
,

ee t i n g w here the y did

ho m a e to the de m
,

o n a n d w h ere the y h a d pre a chi n a n d did

g g
v a rio u s a cts o f i m
, ,

piety a nd si nfu l ness S e ver a l pers o n s a cc u sed

p a rt i n t hese meeti ng s w ere pu t to de a th a n d the m
.

o f ta k i n eet
ing it s elT w a s o fte n ch a r a cteri z ed b y the n a m
,

e o f a Va u d oi s ie or
a Va u d e r ie . The s ecr esy o f t hemeeti ng s o f persec u ted re l ig iou s
s ect a ries g a v e a certa i n p l a u sib l e a ppe a r a nce to s u ch sto ries
W e h a v e se e n a t the co m me nce me nt o f the fo u rtee nth ce ntu ry
.

th e s a m e h a ted a nd fe a r fu l c ri m e o f sorcery d eep ly m

, ,

i xed u p
w ith the ch a rg es bro u ght a g a i nst the u n fort u na te t e m p l a rs ; a nd
i t w a s n o t u nf req u e ntly u sed the n a n d in s u bsequ e nt ti m es to r u i n
the ch a r a cter o f hi g h sta te o ff enders
O n e o f its v icti m s w a s the po w er fu l m
.

i nister o f P hi l ipp e l e
B el E ng u er r a nd de M a ri gny t he s a m e w ho ha d condu cted the
exec u tio n o f the te m
, ,

pl a rs a nd w ho thu s fe ll u n der a strok e o f

,

th e de a d ly w e a po n w h ich he ha d co nj u re d u p fo r the destr u ctio n

o f others . A fter the de a th o f th a t m o na rch iu 1 31 5 Eng uer r a nd ,

w a s thro w n i nt o priso n a nd a cc u sed o f v a rio u s a c t s o f extortio n

a n d oth er cri m es in a bu se o f the con de nce o f his l a te m
,

a ster

a t t h e i n sti ga tio n o f so m e o f the pri nces o f the roy a l fa m

,

i ly o f
F ra n c e w hose e
, nm ity he ha d pro voked especi a lly o f the co u nts
,

o f V a l ois a nd St Pol P hi l ippe s s u ccessor L o u is sho w ed

so m e i nc l i na tio n to s a ve Engu er r a nd a nd his tri a l w a s m

. .
, ,

a ki n
, g
l it t l e pro g ress w he n it w a s s u dde nly pu bl i s hed a bro a d th a t h e
h a d e n tered i nto a co n spir a c y to co m
,

p a ss the de a th o f hi s t w o
p ri n c ip a l a cc u sers I t w a s sta ted th a t Engu er r a n d ha d se nt fo r
.

h i s w i fe t he l a d y o f M a ri gny her sister t he l a d y o f C ha nt elo u

, , ,
48 S O RCE RY A ND M A GI C .

a nd his brother t he a rch b is hop o f Se ns w ho c a m e t o hi mi n his

pri s o n a nd the r e h el d co u ns el to g et her o n the b est m
, ,

,
eth o d o f
e ff ecti ng the de a ths o f t he t w o c o u nt s The l a di es a fter l e a vi ng
the pris o n s ent fo r a l a m e w om
.
,

a n w ho a ppe a rs to h a v e d ea l t in

m a nd a m am
, ,

y q l d

al ch e u i e
so i t o r a u va is
g a r go n n e P a v io t
a nd pro m ised t he ma g re a t su mo f m o ne y if the y w o u l d ma k e
, ,

certa i n fa c es w hereb y the y m i ght ki l l the s a id co u nts

T he
fa ces or i m a es w ere a ccordi ng ly m
.

a de o f w a x a n d b a pti z ed
g
in the de vi l s na m e a nd so ordered b y a r t m
, , ,


,
a ic
g th a t as the y ,

dried u p the co u nt s w o u l d h a v e g r a d u a lly pi ned a w a y a nd died

B u t a cci d e nt a lly a s w e a r e to l d the w hol e m a tter c a m
.

e t o t he
e a rs o f t he co u nt o f V a l ois w ho g a ve i nfor m
, ,

a tio n to the k i n
, g ,

a n d t he l a tter the n co ns e n ted to Eng u e r r a nd s de a th Eng u er

r a nd a n d Pa vio t w ere h a ng ed o n o ne g ibbet ; the l a m e w om

.

an

w a s b u rnt a nd the t w o l a d ie s w ere co nde m

,
ned to priso n In .

1 334 t he l a d y o f R ob ert co u nt o f A rtois a nd her so n w er e

, , ,

t hro w n i nto priso n o n a s u spicion o f sorcery ; her h u s b a n d ha d

b ee n b a nished fo r cri m es o f a di ff ere nt na t u re .

The c hro n ic l e o f St D e nis in w hich is preserv ed the a c co u nt

.
,

o f the tri a l o f En u er r a nd de M a ri g ny fu r nishes a si n u l a r ia

g g ,

s ta nce o f t h e s u perst itio u s f ee l i ng s o f the a g e I n 1 32 3 a C is

terci a n a bbot w a s ro b bed o f a very co nsidera b l e su mo f m
.
,

o ne y
H e w e nt to a m
.

a n o f Ch ate a u L a ndo n w ho ha d b ee n pro v ost o f-

th a t to w n a nd w a s k no w n by the na m
,

,
e o f Jeh a n l e P re v ost t o ,

co ns u l t o n t hebest w a y o f tr a ci ng the robbers a nd b y his a d v ic e

ma de a n a g ree me nt W i th a sorcerer w ho u ndertook to discover
,

t he ma nd ob l i g e th e m to m A box w a s rst m
,

a ke restitu tio n a de .
,

a nd in it w a s p l a ced a b l a ck ca t w i t h three d a y s pro v isio n o f

b re a d sopped in cre a m o il th a t h a d b ee n s a n cti ed a nd holy

,

, ,

w a ter a nd the box w a s the n b u ried in the g ro u nd a t a cros s

,

r ea d t w o ho l es h a vi ng bee n l e ft in the box w ith t w o l o n pipes

g
w hich a d m
, , ,

it ted su i c ient a ir to keep t he c a t a l i v e A fter thre e .

d a y s t he ca t w a s to h a v e bee n t a ke n o u t a nd ski nn ed a n d t he
ski n cu t i nt o tho ng s a nd these tho ng s bei ng m
,

a de i n to a
g ird l e
the m w ith c ert a i n i nsi g n i c a nt cere m
, ,

a n w ho w ore it on ies
mi ght c a ll u po n the e vi l o n e w ho w ou l d i mmedi a tely come a nd
, ,

a n s w er a ny q u e stio n he p u t to h im
,

It h a ppe ned ho w e ver th a t the d a y a fter the ca t w a s b u ried a

, , ,

p a rty o f shepherd s p a sse d o ver the S pot w i t h t heir sheep a nd

do g s a nd the l a tter s m
,
e ll i ng the ca t be g a n to b a rk f u rio u s ly
, ,

a n d te a r u
p t h e g ro u n d w ith their f eet The shepherds a sto n .
,

i ehed a t the p erse vera nc e w ith w hich the do g s co nti nu ed t o

s cr a tch t he g ro u nd b ro u g ht the the n p ro v ost of Ch ate a u L a n d o n
,
-
 T HE M A L A D Y O F C H A RL E S VI .
49

t o t h e p l a ce, w ho ha d the gro u nd exc a va ted a nd fo u nd the b o x ,

a nd ea t It w a s a t o nce j u d g ed to b ea n a ct o f sorcery a nd w a s
t he s u bj ect o f m
.
,

u ch sc a nd a l b u t n o tr a ces co u l d b e disco v ere d

,

of t h e perso n s w ho ha d do ne it u n ti l a t l a st the pro v ost fo u nd

the c a r p e nter w ho ha d m
,

a de the box fo r J e ha n 1e P re v ost a nd

thu s t h e w ho l e m a tter c a m
,

e to l i ght a nd t w o perso ns w ere bu r n t

for th e c ri m
,

e .

L a ter o n in the c e ntu ry in the rei gn o f the w e a k Ch a rl e s VI

t he s u perstitio n s o f the v u l g a r w ere a g a i n m
, .
,

ixed u p w ith t he
hi g hest a ff a irs o f the sta te I t w a s in 1 39 3 t h a t this pri n ce ex
a tt a ck o f th a t p a i n fu l m
.

p e r ienc e d the rst a l a d y w h ich a f f ecte d

his r ea s o n a nd re n dered himu n t fo r se ver a l y e a rs to fu l l t he
du ti es o f his hi g h s t a tio n P eopl e in g e n er a l a scribed his m
,

. ad

n e s s to the e ff ects o f sorcery a n d the y poi nted to his be l o v ed ,

I t a l i a n sister in l a w the y o u ng a n d be a u ti fu l d u chess o f O rl e a ns

- -
, ,

a s the a u thor o f it This l a dy w a s a v isco nti the d a u g hter o f

.
,

t he rich a nd po w er fu l d u ke o f M i l a n a n d it a ppe a rs th a t a t this

t im e Lom b a rdy her n a ti v e l a n d w a s ce l ebr a ted a bo v e a ll other

m
, ,

r fo r sorc erers a nd poiso n ers The ise i isters o f t he

p a t s w n.

c o u rt j u d g ed it necess a r y t o set u p o n e sorcerer a g a i nst a nother

a nd a m a n O f this st a m p na m ed A r na u d Gu i ll a u m
,

e w a s bro u ght
fr o mG u ie nn e to c u re t he ki ng b y his m
, ,

a ic A r n a u d w a s in
g .

ev e r y respect a n i g nor a nt prete nder b u t he possessed a book t o

w hic h he g a v e the str a ng e titl e o f S m
,

a or a d the ori i n a l of
g g
w hi ch he s a id w a s g i v e n b y G od to A d a mt o co nso l e himfo r
,

t he l oss o f his s o n A be l ; a n d he prete n ded th a t a ny o n e w ho

possessed this book w a s e na b l ed thereb y to ho l d t he s t a rs in su b
ct io n a nd t o co m m a n d the fo u r e l e m e nts a n d a ll the obj ects
j e
This m
,

t he y co n ta i n ed an a v e credit to the g e n er a l O pi n io n b y
.
g
as serti n g positi v e ly th a t the ki ng l a y u n der the po w er o f sorce
r y ; b u t he s a id t ha t the a u thors o f the ch a r mw ere w ork i ng s o
s tre nu o u s ly a g a i n st him th a t it w o u l d t a ke m u ch ti m e be fore he
co u l d o verco m e the m The c l er gy in the m e a nti m
,

e i nter fere d
t o p u t a sto p to proceedi ng s so co ntr a ry to the se n ti m
.
, ,

e nts o f t he
chu rch a n d the ki n g h a v i n g reco v ered A r na u d G u i ll a u m
, , e see m s
t o ha v e f a l l e n b a ck i nt o his ori g i na l obsc u ri t y A n other a tta c k
m
.

f o ll o w ed r a pid ly b u t the
,
a
g ici a n w a s n o t rec a ll ed a l t ho u g h ,

peop l e sti ll b e l i e ved th a t their ki ng w a s be w itched a n d the y

no w o pe nly a cc u sed t he d u ke o f M i l a n hi m
,

se l f a s the sorc erer

m
.

I n 1 39 7 ,K i n g Ch a r l es w a s a g a i n the v icti O f a v i o l e n t a t

m
A ll eg a nt es nod in Lo b a r d ia , u nd e d u ceb a t or ig ine , int oxica t ion et sor t i m
vt g eb a nt p m
a liis p ar t i b u s T heCh niq u ed a r ehgt eu x d eSt Denis ,m
z m
h as q u a . .

w h is y a u t hor it y fo r t he sefa ct s .

5
50 S O RCE RY A ND M AGI C .

t a ck O n this oc c a sio n the pro v i nc e o f G u i enne w hich a ppe a rs

. ,

to h a v e bee n c e l ebr a te d fo r perso n s o f th is descrip t io n co ntri b ,

u t ed to w a rd his c u re b y se nd i ng t w o p ers o n s t o c o u n te r a ct t he
i n u e nc e u nd er w hich he w a s b el i ev ed t o h a v fa ll e n These
men w ho w ere by pro fessi o n Au g u sti ne fri a rs w ere rece iv ed a t
.

, ,

co u rt w i t h e v e r y resp ec t a n d ho nor a nd w ere l o d g ed i n the c ha ,

te a u o f St A nt oi ne Th ey l ike their p re d ec e s sor de l a y ed their

oper a tio ns a m t h for m a l ities a n d pro m
. .
, ,

,
u si n
g peop l e w i ises w hi l e ,

the y l i ved in l u x u r y a nd deb a u chery a n d u sed t heir i n u e nc e

o v er peopl e s m
,

i nds to corr u pt t h eir w i v es a n d d a u ght ers At
l a st t heir ch a r a cter bec a m
.

e so a pp a re n t th a t a fter ha v i ng b een , ,

s u bj ected to a fa ir tri a l th e y w er e co nd u c ted to the G re v e at

P a ris w here the y w ere a t rst pu b l ic ly de gr a ded fro mtheir o r

,

der a nd the n behe a ded B u t e v e n the ir fa te w a s n o w a r n i ng t o

,
.

others ; fo r w he n in 1 4 03 the ki ng w a s l a bori ng u nder a nother

a tta ck o f his m a l a d y t w o sorcerers n a m
, ,

, ed P oi n so n a n d B ri
,

q u et w ho re s ided a t D ijon in B u r g u nd y o ff ered t o e ect his

'

c u re F or this pu rpo s e the y e s t a b l ished the mse lv es in a thick

, ,

w ood no t f a r f ro mthe g a tes o f D ijo n w here the y m a de a m

.

a ic
g
circ l e o f iro n O f i m me nse w ei ght w hich w a s s u pport ed b y iron
,

col u m ns o f the hei ght o f a m id dl e si z ed m

,

a n a n d to w hich t w e l ve
-
,

ch a i ns o f iro n w ere a tt a ched S O g re a t w a s the pop u l a r a n xie t y

.

fo r the ki n g s reco v er y tha t t he t w o sorc erers s u c c eeded i n per

,

s u a d in
g t w e l v e o f the pri ncip a l perso n s o f the to w n to e nter t he

circ l e a nd a ll o w t he m
,
s e l ve s to be fa s te ned b y the ch a i n s T he .

sorcerers the n proceeded w ith the ir i nc a nt a tio ns b u t the y w ere ,

a l to ether w itho u t re s u l t The b a il if o f D ijo n w ho w a s o n e O f

g
t he t w e l v e a nd ha d a v erred his i n credu l ity f ro mthe r s t c a u sed
.
,

the sorcerers to be a rrested a nd the y w ere b u r nt fo r their cri m

, ,

e
T h e d u ke o f O r l e a ns a ppe a rs to h a v e fa ll e n u nder the s a m
.
,

e
s u s picio n of sorcer y a s hi s It a l i a n co nsort A fter his m u rder b y

order o f the d u ke o f B u r gu ndy the co m me n ce me nt o f those

.

tro u b l es w hich l ed to the deso l a tio n o f F r a n c e the l a tter dre w

u p v a r i o u s he a ds o f a c cu s a tio n a a i n st his victi m a s j u s ti c a tio ns
g
O f t he cri m e a n d o ne o f these w a s th a t the du ke o f O rl e a n s h a d
a tte m pted to co m pa ss his de a th b y m
, ,

e a n s o f sorce r y A c cord
ing t o thi s st a te m e nt he h a d recei ved a m a ic i a n a n othe r
.

g
a post a te fri a ri nto his c a st l e o f M o u n t o i e w here he w a s e m
,

j
H e perfor m ed his m
,

p l oy ed in these si nister desi g n s a ic a l

g
c ere m on ies be fore s u nri s e o n a n ei ghbori ng m
.

o u nt a i n w her e
t w o de m o ns na m ed H erm a n a nd A s t r a m o n a ppe a red to hi m
,

ca m
;
ehis a ct i ve i ns tru m
, ,

a n d t h ese b e e nts in the p rosec u tion o f

 WI TC H C RA FT A T A RR AS .
51

M a ny ot her s u ch c a ses dou bt occ u rred in the a nn a l s o f this

no
e ri od E ver y re a der o f history k no w s th a t the m o s t s erio u s
p
c ri m
.

e l a id t o the ch a r g e o f Je a nn e o f Ar c w a s th a t o f sorcery
f o r w hi ch chi e y she w a s co nde m
,

n ed t o the st a ke It w a s pre .

t en d ed th a t she ha d bee n in the h a bit o f a tte ndi ng a t the w itches

s a bb a th w hich w a s he l d o n t he Thu rsd a y n i ght o f e v ery w eek

a t a fo u n t a i n b y the f a iries o a k o f B ou r l em ne a r D o m re m
,

o nt

y , ,

h er n a ti v e p l a ce ; th a t the n ce she w a s se n t forth to c a u se

w a r a n d s l a u g hter ; th a t t h e e vi l sp irits h a d disco v ered to her a
ma g ic s w ord c on ce a l ed in the chu rch o f St C a theri n e a t F ier
b ois t o w hich a nd to ch a r m
.

ed ri ng s a n d b a nn ers w hich she her e

a bo u t w ith her she o w ed her v ictories ; a nd th a t b y m
, ,

, e a ns o f
s o rc er y she ha d g a i ned the co n de n ce a n d fa v or o f the ki n
g
a nd the d u ke o f B o u rbo n She w a s gr a v ely co nde m
. n ed o n
the s e ch a r g es b y the fa c u l ty O f theo l o gy o f the u n i v ersity o f
P a ris
The be l ie f in the nig htly m
.

eeti ngs o r s a bb a th o f the w itches

ha d no w beco m e alm
, ,

ost u n i v ers a l W e l e a r n th a t it w a s v er y
v a l e nt in It a ly a bo u t the y e a r 1 4 00 a n d t h a t m
.

re a n y perso n s
p
w ere a cc u sed o f h a v i n g bee n prese nt a t the m a nd o f h a v i ng
,

de n ied th eir be l ie f in the ch u rch a nd do n e ho m

,

a e to the ev i l
g
on e w ith v a riou s detes t a b l e a cts a n d cere m
,

o n ies It w a s h a l f
a c e n t u r y l a ter th a t this be l ie f w a s m
.
,

a de the ro u n d w ork o f a
g
-

seri es O f pro s ec u t io ns in A rtois a nd Fl a nd ers t heo nly Object o f ,

w h ich a ppe a rs to h a v e bee n re v e n g e a nd ext o rtio n W e k no w

nothi n g ho w e v er o f the e v e n ts w hich pr eceded a n d l ed t o the m
.

, , .

A p a rtic u l a r a cco u nt o f the proc eedi ng s ha s bee n l e ft u s b y a

c o n te m pora r y w r iter J a c qu es d u C l erc w ho a ppe a rs t o h a ve
, ,

b ee n pre s e nt a n d shorter a cco u nts a r e preser v ed in o n e or

The ter m Va u ldo is is here u sed
,

t w o o f the o l d histori a n s
'

si m
.

p ly in the se n se o f a sorcerer
A t the ti m e o f w hich w e a r espe a k i n g a J a co b in m o nk na m
.

ed , ,

P ierre l e B r o u ss a r t w a s i nqu isitor o f the fa ith in the c ity o f A r

A bo u t the fe a st o f All S a i nts 1 4 5 9 a y o u ng w o m a n so m
,

r as -
e
w ha t m ore t h a n thirty y e a rs o f a g e n a med Dem
.
, , ,

is ell e w ho
l iv ed b y prostitu tio n (a f emm
, ,

e d ef o ll ze vi e) in the c ity o f D o u a i , ,

w a s su dde nly a rrested a t th a t p l a ce b y P i erre 1e B r o u s s a r t s o r

der s a nd c a rried priso ner to A rr a s w here she w a s bro u g ht b e

fo r e t h e m u ni cip a l m a i s tr a tes a nd b y the m a t the i nqu isi t or s
, ,

g
dem v e n o v er to the ecc l es i a s t ic a l a r m a n d thro w n i n to
, ,

a nd i
g , ,

t he b i s hop s priso n

W he n she a s k ed her p er s ecu t o r s w hy she
w as thu s tre a ted the y o n ly co ndesce nded to i n for mher th a t she
.
o

w o u l d hea r in g ood ti m e a nd o ne O f the ma sked b y w a y of r a i l

,

, ,
52 S O RCE R Y A ND M AGI C .

l ery if she did no t k no w a her m

,
it na m ed R obi n et d eVa u lx She .

rep l ied in con ster na tio n E t qu e Cher y ? cu i d e t on qu e j e sois

A nd w h a t o f th a t ? do t he y th in k m
,

Va u ld o is e a w itch 2
I n f a ct R obi net de V a u l x w h o w a s a na ti v e o f A rtois b u t
ha d l i ved fo r so m e tim e a s a her m
, , ,

it in the pro vi nc e o f B u r gu ndy

h a d rece ntly bee n b u r nt fo r the cri m
,

e o f sorc ery o r Va u ld er ie , ,

a t L a ng r e s a nd she cou l d o nly s u ppose b y the a llu sio n t o his

na m e th a t she w a s no w a cc u sed o f t he s a m e cri m
, ,

e A ccord
in gly it w a s soo n a fter w a rd m
.
,

,
a de k n o w n th a t P ierre l o B ro u s

s a rt ha d bee n a t the ch a pter g e ner a l o f the fri a rs pre a chers (or -

J a co b ins ) he l d th a t y e a r a t L a ng res a t w hich R obi net d e V a u lx

h a d bee n co n de m
, ,

n ed ; th a t o n h is tri a l R obi n et h a d co n f essed

th a t there w ere a g re a t nu m ber o f sorcerer s in A rtois men a nd
,

w om en ; a nd th a t a m o n g others he ha d na m ed this w o m
,

an

Dem i s ell e d w e ll i ng a t D o u a i a nd a m a n na m
, , , ,

ed Jeh a n L e v ite
w ho w a s k n o w n b y the n ick na m
, , ,

e o f a b b e d c p ea dc s ens (t he

a bbot o f l ittl e se n se ) O n his ret u rn fro mthe c ha pter B r o u s sa r t

h a d a s he prete nded a cted o n this i n for m
,
.

a tio n a n d c a u sed De

mis s lle to be a rreste d She w a s ex a mi ned a nd p u t to the t or

, , ,

t u re se v er a l ti m
.

es be fore the v i c a rs o f the bishop o f A rr a s a nd

am o ng the rest m
, ,

a ster J a cq u es D u bois a doctor in theo l o y

g
c a no n a nd de a n o f the ch u rch o f NOt r e D a m e a t A rr a s m
, , ,

a de

h im se l f m ost b u s y a nd a cti v e a nd l a bored m

,

ost in i nterro g a ti ng
her A fter h a vi ng bee n v ery cru e lly tortu re d the m
,

iser a b l e
w om
.
,

a n w a s a t l e n th i nd u ced to co nfess th a t she ha d bee n pres

g
ent a t the Va u ld er ze o r m eeti ng o f sorcerers w here she ha d see n
a nd reco g nised m a ny perso ns a n d a m
, ,

o n g others the s a id J eh a n , , ,

L e vite k no w n a s the a b b d c p ea dc s ens w ho w a s a p a i nter a nd

the n resided a t A rr a s b u t w here he w a s a t the ti m
, , ,

e o f her ex
am
,

i na t io n she did no t k no w The i nqu isitor O f the fa ith a fter

mu c h trou b l e fo u nd himl i vi ng a t Abbe vi ll e in P o nthie u a nd
.
,

h a d h imsei z ed a nd brou g ht to A rr a s w here he a rri ved o n the

, ,

2 5 t h O f F ebru a r y a nd w a s i m medi a te ly co mmitted to the bishop s

,

priso n T he a b b d ep a s d e s ens a t the m om

,

. e nt o f bein g t a ke n , ,

a ppe a rs to h a v e l ost the l i t tl e se nse he possessed fo r he a t

te m pted to cu t o ff his o w n to n g u e w ith a pe nk ni fe a nd m a im

,

ed
hi m se l f so m u ch th a t he w a s fo r so m e l e ng th o f ti m
,

e u na b l e t o
spe a k The i nq u isitors s a id th a t he did this to avoi d m a ki n
g
a ny co n fessio n ; a n d the y s u bj ected himto a c l ose ex a m
.

i na tio n
a n d cr u e l tort u res u nti l the y forced h i m , to m a ke a n a v o w a l in
w riti n th a t he ha d b ee n a t the Va u ld e ie d th t he h d see n
g r a n a a

there m a n y peop l e o f a l l est a tes m en a nd w o m

, ,

e n nob l es a nd
b u r g hers a nd e v e n ec c l esi a stics w hos e na m es a nd s u rna m
, ,

, es he ,
 W IT C H C RA FT A T A RR A S .
53

g a v e In o sequ ence Of this i nform

c n a tio n H u gu et C a m ey a
b a r b er k n o w n co m monly b y the n a me o f P a ternoster ; J eha n l e
.
, ,

F e r r e a serg e a n t o f the che v i ns o f the city o f A rr a s Je a nne

d A u v er g ne t he m
,

istress o f the new b a t hs o f the city ; a nd t hree
p ro stitu te s o f A rr a s k no w n b y the fa m
,

i l i a r a ppe ll a tio n s o f B e
,

l o tt e V er g eng en a n d Bl a nc qu inet t e; w ere a ll thr o w n into the

b is h o p s p riso n a n d s u bj ected t o the s a m
, ,

, e i nterro g a tio ns a nd
t o rt u res a s the others
W he n the bishop s v ic a rs sa w the m
.

a tter oi n n in this w
g g o a
y
a nd th e nu m
,

ber O f perso n s a cc u sed i ncre a si ng d a i ly the y be g a n ,

t o dr ea d the co n seq u e n ces a nd w ere i nc l i ned to p u t a s t ep to the ,

p r o c eedi ng s I n deed it w a s u nderstood t o be their i nte nt ion t o

.
,

se t a l l the priso n ers a t l iberty a t E a ster B u t J a c qu es D u bois

t he de a n o f A rr a s w h o ha d a l re a d y sho w n hi m
.
,

, se l f s u ch a n a c
t i ve i nqu isitor op p osed v io l e n tly this a ct o f l e n ie nc y a n d o ff ered

hi m
, ,

s e lf a s t heir a cc u ser be i n g s u pported i n this b y a bi g oted

fri a r m
,

i nor John bishop o f B a y ru t a n d s u ff r a g a n o f the c hu rch

Sti ll fe a r fu l th a t he mi g ht no t be s u ccess fu l the de a n
, ,

o f A rra s .
,

w e n t t o P ero nn e a nd ob t a i n ed a pri v a te i nter v ie w w ith the

co u n t o f E s t a m pes w ho c a m
,

e in h a ste to A rr a s c a ll ed be fore
h i mthe bishop s v ic a rs e nj oi n ed the mto proceed e ner g etic a lly
, ,

,

a g a i n st the priso ners a s it w a s t heir d u ty to do o r he w o u l d , ,

t a ke the a ff a ir i nto his o w n h a n ds a n d the n retu r n ed to P ero nn e , .

Th e v ic a rs did no t v e ntu re to disobe y the co u nt bec a u se if b y

th eir n e gl i g e nc e the y l et the c a u se g o o u t o f their co u rt it im
, ,

p l ied a l os s o r di m
,

i n u tion o f their pri v il e g e s .

The priso ners w ere a g a i n s u bj ected t o the tortu re a nd a s it

a p p ea rs the nu m ber o f perso ns a c c u sed b y the mw a s co n sider
, ,

The bishop s v ic a rs w ere m ore a nd m ore em

,

a b ly i ncre a sed

ha rr a s se d a n d tried to re l ie v e the m
.

se l ves b y se n di ng a copy O f
the ex a m i na tio ns to C a m
,

br a y fo r the a d vice o f G i ll es C a rl ier a , ,

doctor o f theo l o gy se v e n ty t w o y e a rs o f a g e de a n o f the ch u rch

m
-

o f NOt r e D a m e of C a m
, ,

br a y a n d o n e O f the ost no t a hl ec l erks

in Christe n do m a s w a s s a id
,

tre

,
a nd a nother s n o t a b l e C lerc ,

M a ster G re g oire Nic o ll a y c a no n a n d o ffi ci a l o f the bi s hop o f

Ca m
,

br a y These t w o nota b l es h a vi n g c a re fu lly a n d a tte nti ve ly

.
,

re a d the co nfessio n s g a v e it i n w riti n g a s their O pi n io n th a t the y

,

sho u l d o nly p u n ish the priso n ers l e n i e n tly a n d no t proceed t o

extre m ities if the y ha d co m mitted no mu rd ers a nd ha d n ot
,

, ,

a bu sed the bod y o f Christ (t h a t is the co ns e c r a ted ho s t ) M a ster

m
.

J a cq u e s D u bois a n d t he t it u l a r bi s hop o f B a y r u t w ere u c h irri

t a t ed a t th is decisio n The y proc l a i med it a s their O pi n io n th a t
.

t he p ri s o ners o u g ht a ll to be b u r nt a nd th a t e v e n those w ho did ,

*
5
54 S O R CE RY A ND M A GI C .

no t c onf e ss shou l d b eco nde m n e d i f fo u r o f th osew ho confe sse d

m
,

ag reed i n a cc u si n g t h e s a e perso n ; a n d t hes e t w o d i g n i t a ri e s

u sed their u t m ost di l i g e nce to bri ng this O pi nio n i nt o e ff ec t Da

b ois dec l a red pu b l ic ly th a t he k ne w t hi ng s a t w hich if m
.

a de

k n o w n peop l e w o u l d be m
, ,

u ch a b a shed a nd th a t he k n e w ,
,

th a t a l l w ho w ere a cc u sed w er e j u stly a cc u sed H e s a i d that .

b ishops a n d e ve n c a rdi n a l s ha d bee n a t the Va u ld er i e o r sa b

b a th a nd th a t t he nu m ber o f p erso ns co m pro m
,

ised in it w a s so
a t i f the y ha d o n ly so m
,

re at th e ki ng or g re a t pri nc e t o he ad
g
the m the y w o u l d rebe l a ga i n st the w ho l e w orl d The bishop
, ,

.
,

o f B a yr u t ha d he l d the o i c e o f p e nit e nt i e r to the p Op e a n d w as ,

s a id to co nn a it r e m o u lt de s cha s e s ; a n d the histori a n te ll s u s th at

he ha d s u ch a n i m a i n a tio n
g

th a t a s soo n a s he s a w p eop l e
, ,

he a t o n ce j u d g ed a n d s a id w hether the y w ere V a u l d o is o r not

a v erit a b l e M a tthe w H opki n s o f t h e ftee nth ce ntu r y ) Thi
( s

ma n a nd D u bois s u st a i n ed th a t w he n a ma n w a s once a c cu sed

.

o f this cri m e fro mth a t m om e nt n obod y e ve n fa ther o r m

,

, ,
other ,

o r w i fe or brother o r chi l d o u g ht to t a ke h is p a rt o r ho l d a ny

co m mu nic a tion w ith him A t this ti me a nother citi z en o f A rra s

, , , ,

a w ood m
.
, ,

er ch a nt w a s a cc u sed a nd thro w n i nto priso n a n d t he

-

co u nt o f E st a m
,

pes w a s pre v a i l ed u po n t o w rit e a l etter t o t he

v ic a rs reb u ki n
, g the m f or their t a rdi ness .

A t l e ng th a s c a o l d w a s r a ised in the pu b l ic pl a ce o f th e city

'

am id a n i m me nse co ncou rse o f peop l e all the

,

o f A rr a s a nd

priso ners w ere bro u ght forth e a ch w ith a m

, , ,
.

itre on his he a d o n
a i nted in the for mi n w hi c h he h a d a
, ,

w hich the de v i l w a s p
p
p e are d a t the V a u l de r ze The y w ere rst exhorted b y t h e i a

o t he m in w hich
.

q u i s it o r s a n d
,
their co n fe s sio n w a s the n re a d t ,

the y a vo w ed th a t w he n the y w ished to g o to the Va u ld er t e the y

'

took a certa i n O i nt me nt w hich the de vi l ha d g i ve n the mru bbed

,

a l itt l e w oode n r o d a n d the p a l in s o f their h a n ds w ith it a n d

,

t he n pl a ced the r o d b et w ee n t heir l e s u po n w hich the y w ere

g
s u dd enly c a rried thro u gh the a ir to the pl a ce o f a sse m
,

b ly There
the y fo u nd t a b l es spre a d l o a d ed w ith a ll sorts Of me a ts a nd w ith
.

w i n e a n d a de v i l i n t h e for mo f a
,

o a t w ith the t a i l O f a n a e
g p
a nd a h u m The y rst did ob l a tio n a nd ho m
, , ,

a n co u nte na n c e a e
g
to himO ff eri ng himtheir so u l or a t l e a st so me p a rt O f their
.

b ody a n d the n a s a m a rk o f a dor a t io n kissed him

, ,

, , b eh in d ho ld
, ,

in g bu r n i ng torches in their h a nds The a b b d e p ea d es ens

w a s st a t ed to h a v e he l d the o f ce o f m a ster o f the cere m
.

o n ies a t
these m eeti ng s it bei ng his d u ty to m a ke t he n ew co m ers do -

ir ho m
,

t he a e
g A fter this the y a l l trod o n the cross spit u po n
a nd per for m
.
, ,

i t , in d e sp it e o f J es u s a nd the H o ly Tri n ity ed ,

 WI T C H C RA F T A T A RR AS .
55

o th er p r o fa ne a ctio ns The y the n fe ll to e a ti ng a nd dri nki ng

a n d th e m
.
,

e eti ng e nded in a sce n e o f i ndescrib a b l e deb a u chery

in w hic h the de m o n took a l terna te ly t he for m
,

s o f e a ch sex A f
t er a n u m ber o f w icked a ctio ns t he de vi l pre a ched to the a sse m
.

b l y a n d forb a de the mto g o to chu rch o r to he a r m

,

a ss or to to u ch

h o ly w a ter o r per for ma ny other Christi a n d u ty The a sse m

, , ,
'

bly
w a s s ta ted to h a v e bee n m ost co m mo nly he l d a t a fou nta i n in the
, .

w o o d o f M o l a in es a bo u t a l e a g u e fro mA rr a s b u t so m eti m es i n
o th er p l a ces a n d o n so m
, ,

, e occ a sio n s the y h a d g o n e thithe r o n fo o t

, , .

W he n thi s co nfessio n h a d bee n re a d the pri s on ers w ere p u b ,

l icl y a sked if the y a ck no w l ed g ed it s tru th a n d the y a ll a ns w ered

Y es a fter w hi ch the y w ere t a ke n fro m
,

i

w ith a c l e a r v oic e , ,

t h e sc a ff o l d a n d c a rried to the to w n h a ll
, Their se nte nc e w a s -
.

t he n pu b l ished in F re nch a nd L a ti n a nd the y w ere de l i v ered

to do exec u tio n u po n the ma s rot t e n
,

o v er t o the sec u l a r po w er

a n d sti nki n g m em
,

bers o f the ch u rch o f Chris t T heir i nherita nce s .

w ere f or feited to the co u nt a n d their g oods (the better sh a re o f the

,

b ooty in t his i n st a n ce ) to the bishop W he n it w a s a nno u nc ed to

t h e pri so n ers th a t the y w ere co n de m n ed t o de a th the w o m
.

en
b u rst i nto fe a r fu l scre a m s a nd la m
,

e nt a tio ns a n d the y a ll dec l a re d

th e m
,

se l v es innoce nt a nd c a ll ed fo r v e ng e a nc e o n J a cq u es Du
boi s w ho the y s a i d ha d i nd u c ed the mto m
,

a k e the co nfe s sio n

w h ich h e ha d p u t i nto their m o u ths b y the pro mise th a t o n th a t

, , ,

co n ditio n he w o u l d s a v e their l i v es T he y persisted in d ecl a r

in g their inn oce nc e to t he l a st w hich m
.

o v ed peopl e t o g re a t
tho u g ht a nd m u rm so m
,

u rs e a sserti ng th a t the y w ere w ro n g fu l
l y c o n de m n ed w hi l e other s s a id it w a s the de v i l w h o h a d m
,

a de

the mobsti n a te th a t the y mi g ht no t r el i nqu i s h his ser vi c e The

,

.
,

a b b de ea de se n s w a s t b e rst th a t w a s b u r n t ; a n d his fa t e
'

p
exc ite d m u ch co m miser a tion fo r he w a s b et w ee n sixty a nd sev
,

ent y y e a rs O f a g e a p a i nter a n d a poet w ho ha d bee n w e l co m

,

e
e v e r y w here bec a u se he co m
, ,

posed a nd s u ng so ng s w e ll ; a nd it
w a s obser v ed t ha t he ha d m
,

a de be a u ti fu l ditties a nd b a ll a ds i n

ho n or o f the bl essed Virg i n ; b u t there w ere peop l e m

,

a l icio u s

e n o u g h t o s a y th a t w he n he s u ng the s e he took O ff h is h a t a t
the en d a nd s a i d in a l o w v oic e Ne d ep la zs e (3m on m
, ,

a is t r e

The w o m a n Dem
, ,

i s ell e w ho ha d be en the rst per s o n a cc u sed

, ,

w a s c a rried t o D o u a i to be b u r nt t here .

H itherto the a cc u sed ha d bee n a l l poor peop l e a nd chie y

, ,

p erso ns o f v ery equ i voc a l ch a r a c ter T h eir de positio ns a s fa r

a s th ey co m pro m
.
,

ised others w ere kept i n the g re a te st s ecr esy ;,

b u t it w a s a fter the ir exec u tio n th a t the re a l desi g ns o f the prose

cu t o r s b e g a n t o sho w the m se l ves L a te in the e v e ni ng o f the l 6t h .
56 S O R CE RY A ND M AGIC .

of Ju ly , 1 4 60, t he g o v ernor P ero nn e B au l d w in l or d of Noy

of

a l l es c a m
, ,

e t o A rr a s a nd a rreste d o n a n a cc u s a tion o f Va s lde

, , ,

r ie M a ster A nt ho ine S a cqu es p e o n eo f the che v i ns o f t he c ity

a nd a v er y rich b u r g her a nd de l i vered himi nt o the c u s to d y of

, , ,

the l i e u te n a nt o f A rr a s w ho co m mitted himto the bishop s pri son

,

The fo ll o w i n g mor n i ng a nother o f the che vins Jeh a n J o sset

.
,

nr iet de R o y vi ll e both m
, , ,

a n d the city ser g e a n t H e en o f s u bst a n ce

w ere i m
, , ,

priso ned in the co u rse O f the d a y ; the fe a r a nd co n ster

n a tio n O f the citi z e ns bec a m e s o g re a t th a t se v er a l O f the m ost
w e a l th y a tte m pted to s a v e the m
,

se l ves b y fl i ght ; b u t the y w ere

im medi a t ely pu rs u ed b y the o ffi cers o f the co u nt o f E sta mp es
a nd bro u g ht b a ck t o be i m priso ned a l ong w ith their co m
,

p a n i o ns
So m e o f the mw ere fo ll o w ed a s fa r a s P a r is ; se v er a l other p er
.

sons a ll chose n a pp a re ntly fo r their w e a l t h w ere a rrested in t he

co u rse o f the fo ll o w i n g d a y s a m o ng w ho mw a s the l ord o f
, ,

B ea u ff o r t ; a n d th e a ff a ir m a de so m
,

u ch n oise th a t e v e n in dis

t a nt p a rts o f F r a nce a tr a v e ll er w ho w a s k no w n to h a v e c o m
,

e
fro mA rr a s co u l d w ith di ffi c u l ty nd a ny bo d y w ho w ou l d g i ve
,

h i ml od g i ng s
,

A few o f the persons t h u s sei z ed w ere set a t l iberty b ec a u se ,

t h e y w ou l d no t co nfes s a nd o nly o ne o r t w o o r three w it nesse s

h a d deposed to h a vi ng see n the ma t the s a bb a th b u t the rest a o
, , ,

cu se d o nly o n the e vid en ce forced fro mprosti t u t es a nd others

w ho ha d bee n p u t to de a th a n d w ere t here fore no t f orthco m
,

i ng
t o be cross ex a m
,

i ned or co n fro nt ed w ith the perso ns the y a c

'

cu se d w ere tre a t ed w ith the u t m

, o s t ri g o r The c ity o f A rr as .

w a s in the g re a test co nster na tio n ; tr a de w a s a t a st a n d ; a nd

p e op l e w er e s ei z i n g e ver y pos s ib l e exc u se to l e a v e it A t l e n t h

g .

t he a ff a ir re a ched t he e a rs o f the d u k e o f B u r gu nd y a n d it w a s
d isc u ssed be fore h ima nd t he l e a r ned peopl e o f his co u rt a t B r u s
_ ,

sel s a nd a t th eir s u g g e stio n the O pi n io n o f the u n i v ers ity o f

Ther e w a s fo u n d m
, ,

Lo u v a ine w a s t a k en u ch di v isio n o f opi n

i o n ho w e ver a m o ng t he l ea rn ed c l erks fo r so m
.

e dec l a red l o u d
l y their be l ie f th a t this cri m
, ,

e o f Va u lder ie w a s n o t re a l b u t a
mere i llu sio n w hi l e others a s resol u tely s u sta ined the co ntra ry
,

The d u ke ho w e v er i nterposed his a u thority so fa r th a t fro m

.

this ti m
, , ,

e no oth er person s w ere a rrest ed a nd he se nt to A rr a s ,

o ne o f his co n de nti a l co u rtiers to w a tch the tri a l s w hich w er e ,

shed f or w rd a s r a pidly a s possib l e b y D u bois a nd his co l

p u a

l e a g u es
O n the 1 2 t h O f O ctob er 1 4 60 the ve priso n ers o f m ost im
.

, ,

p orta nce fo r their w e a l t h o r po s itio n w ere bro u g ht forth a nd t o

the s u rprise of e very bo dy the l ord o f B ea u ff o r t m
, , ,

, a de a vo l u nt a ry
 THE L O RD O F BEA UFFORT . 57

o e ssion t h a t he ha d b ee n a cqu a i nted w ith the three p rosti t u te s

c nf ,

w h o h a d a l re a d y p erished a t the st a k e a n d th a t he ha d a ll o w ed
hi ms e l f t o be o v erco m
,

e b y their w icked pers u a sio ns in c o u se ,

e n c e o f w hich he ha d in his o w n ho u se a noi nted a stick a n d

q u
his o w n b ody w ith the oi nt m e nt w hich the y ha d g i ve n him a nd
, ,

th a t he w a s i m medi a tely c a rried a w a y to the w ood o f M o u l a ine

,

w h ere he fo u nd a gre a t m
,

u l tit u de o f perso n s o f both sexe s c o n

g gr e a t ed to g ether H e s a id th a t the de vi l pres ided o v er the a s

s em b ly in the formO f a n a p e a nd th a t he ha d do n e ho m
.

a e to
g
h i m a n d k is s ed o ne o f his p a w s
,

H e expressed the g re a test

c o n tritio n fo r his cri m e a nd be g g ed fo r m
.
,

erc y o f his j u d g es
M a n y o f the other p riso n ers s u s t a i n ed the u tm
,

ost extre m
.

ity o f
t ort u re a nd sti ll a ssert ed their i nn oce n ce ; b u t the co n fessio n o f
,

t h e l ord o f B ea u ff o r t ha d its e ff ect 3 g i v i n g credit t o the a c c u s a

'

t io n s o f the i nq u isitors w ho dec l a red p u bl ic ly th a t a ntichrist w a s

born a nd th a t the Va u ld er ie w a s prep a ring the w a y fo r him
,

, .

All the prison ers w ere fo u n d g u i l ty a nd t he s e nte n ce w a s co n

rm ed b y the d u k e b u t non e o f the mw er e p u t to de a th The
,

l ord o f B ea u ff o r t w a s co nde m n ed to t en y e a r s i m prison m

, .

e nt a n d
,

t o a he a vy fi ne w hich w e nt chie y to the c hu rch a n d to t he i a

m
,

q u i s it or s The others w ere si i l a r ly

p u nished w it h v a rio u s de
o f ne a nd i m nm
.

g re es priso e nt .

A n ew i ncident in this tr a g ed y occ u rred a t t he be g i nn i n g o f

the y e a r 1 46 1 w hich see m ed l ik e a j u d g m e nt o f P ro v ide n ce o n
o n e o f the m
,

ost b u sy p er s ec u t o r s o f the g ood citi z e n s Of A rr a s

'

M a ster J a c q u es D u bois de a n o f the ch u rch o f Notre D a m

.

, e as ,

h e w a s o n his w a y t o the to w n o f Corbe y w a s s u dde nly str u c k

w ith a p a r a ly tic a tta ck w hich de pri v ed himo f his se n se s
,

He
'

w a s c a rried to P a ris b u t m
, .

edic a l a id w a s o f no a va i l H e r e
co v ered the u s e o f his s en ses b u t he re m
, .

a i ned in a st a te o f ex

tre m e b odi ly w e a k ness his m em b e r s tre m

,

bl ed a nd sho ck w he n
he a tt em pted to u se the ma nd he l i ng ered o n m
,

iser a bly in his

ch a m ber ti ll the m o nth o f F ebr u a ry w he n he died All w ho b e , .

l ieved in t he tru th o f the Va u ld er ze s a id th a t he ha d bee n b e

'

w itched b y so m
,

e o f the sorc erers in re ve ng e fo r the a cti v ity he

ha d sho w n in bri ng i ng the mt o j u stice .

B u t it t u r ned ou t th a t the i nqu isitors in their e a g ern ess fo r the ,

pl u n der h a d str u ck t o o hi g h The l ord o f B ea u ff o r t i ndi g n a nt

a t the tre a t m
.
, ,

e nt he ha d experie nced prosec u ted his j u d g e s a n d

c a rried his c a u se b e fore the p a rl i a m
, ,

e nt o f P a ris w here it w a s ,

p l e a ded b y his co u nse l in Ju n e 1 4 6 1 T he l a tter l a id ope n , .

,

w ith a v er y u n sp a ri ng h a nd the i l l e g a l a nd ty r a nn ic a l cond u ct

,

o f t he i nqu isi t or s ; s ho w ed th a t the c onf e s sions o f the p riso n er s

59 S O RCE RY A ND M AGI C .

ha d b ee n for ced fro mth e mb y t hetort u re a nd th a t t h ey ha d b een

a ll o w ed to m
,

a ke n o d efe nce ; a nd s t a ted th a t a t t he t r i a l t he

l ord o f Bea u ff o r t ha d hi m
, , ,

s el f bee n p u t to the tortu re a nd p ers i st ,

i n g i n a sserti ng his i nnoce n ce ha d bee n c a rried b a ck t o p r i son

, ,

w here he w a s v isited b y M a s ter J a cq u es D u bois t he de a n of

Notre D a m e a bo ve m e ntio n e d w ho ha d be gg ed himo n h is kn ees
,

to m
,

a k e a co nfessio n a nd a ck n o w l ed g e th a t he ha d b ee n p re s e nt
a t the Va u l d e r ie prete ndi n g th a t he m a de this requ es t fo r t he

s a ke o f his chi l dre n a nd fa m

,

i ly a s it w a s t he o nly w ay in w hich
he cou l d s a ve himfro mthe sta ke in w hich c a se his p rop er t y a nd
,

esta tes w o u l d be co n sc a t ed a nd his chi l dre n redu ced t o po v er

,

t y ; th a t w he n the l ord o f B ea u ff o r t represe nted to D u b oi s in r e

p ly th a t he w a s a l re a dy bo u nd by the o a th he ha d ta ke n t o his
,

o w n i nnoc e n ce a nd w hich I. co u l d no t co ntr a dict the de a n t ol d

himno t t o be u ne a s y o n th a t poi nt a s he w o u l d u nder t a ke t o oh

, ,

t a i n a n a bso l u tio n fo r him It w a s no w re m em

,

bered th a t w hen
the rst v icti m
.

s o f the i nqu i s itors w ere c a rried t o exec u t io n ,

the y h a d a sserted th a t a ll the y ha d s a id in their co nfessio ns w as

u n tru e a nd th a t J a cq u es D u bois ha d pro m ised the mhe w ou l d sa ve
their l i ves if the y w o u l d s a y it The pa rl i a m
,

e nt a t o nce a cqu it
ted the l ord o f B ea u ff o r t a nd set hima t l iberty The other p ri s
.

o n ers w ere the n se nt fo r b y the p a rl i a m

.

e nt a nd t heir c a s es ha v
i ng bee n se ver a lly ex a m i ned i nt o th ey w ere a l so re l e a sed f rom
,

the pe na l ties t o w hic h the y ha d bee n co nde m

,

ne d a nd s e nt
ho m e to th eir fa m
,

i lies T h u s e nded the p ersec u tio n o f the s or
a n extr a ordi na r y ex a m
.

ce rer s o f A rr a s p l e o f the l e ngt h s t o

w hich p eop l e m
,

a
y b e l ed b y i g n or a n ce a nd s u perstitio n .

C HA P T E R V .

THE LO R D OF M I RE B E AU A ND P I ER R E n Es r A I Ne T H E
'
AL C H E M I S T .

AT the s a me p eriod ith the persec u tio n o f the citi z e ns o f

w
A rr a s fo r V a u l d er ie o r sorcery a n other to w n in F r a n ce w a s t he
,

s ce n e o f e ve nts equ a lly ch a r a cteristic o f a n a g e w he n re t

g a

tro u bl es freq u e ntly a rose o u t o f w h a t w ou l d no w b e co n sidered

the m ost co nte m ptibl e s u perstitio ns O f t he vu l g a r The sc ie n c e
o f a l che m y w a s c l ose ly a ll ied t o th a t o f m
.

a ic : both w er e
g
g r o u nd ed i n t he desire to beco m e m a ster o f the secret a nd ms
y
te r iou s w or k i ng s of na t u r e T he form
. er esp eci a lly a ddr ess ed
 TH E L O RD OF MIRE B E A U .
59

it s elf c o v eto u s fee l i ng s o f m

t o t he a nk i nd a nd fo u nd d u pes in

ev er y c l a ss O f soc iety a l tho u g h O l d Ch a u cer s j u d g m

,

, e nt w a s co n

s t a n t ly v eri ed in the res u l t

T his cu r sed cr a ft w ho so w ol ex er cise,

h
H e s a l no g oo d a v e, t a t hi h
a y s u ce: h mm
p
F o r a ll t heg oo d he s end et t er ea bo u t s h h
h h
H e l es en s a l, t er eof a veI no d o u b t e
h .

Th e h istor y o f a l che y in the m

iddl e a g es w o u l d a k e a book m m
o f its e l f ; I w i ll no t e nt er u po n it b u t p roceed to
y n a rr a ti v e , m
w h i ch f u r nishes a p erti n e nt i ll u str a tio n o f the d zcr u mo f the o l d
,

E n g l ish poet
the be g i nn i ng o f the m o nth o f No ve m
.

O ne d a y , at ber 1 4 5 5 a
ma n n a med P ierre d Es t a ing a pra ctitioner in medici ne w ho
, ,

, ,

sta ted th a t he w a s a tt a ched to the ho u seho l d o f the d u ke o f B o u r

b o n a rri v ed s u dde nly a nd h u rried ly a t t he co nv e nt o f the J a co
b i n s in t he to w n o f D ijo n a n d c l a i m
,

ed protectio n u n der the ri g ht

o f a s yl u m
,

w hich the ho u s e o f this order e njoy ed b y especi a l pri v

ileg e H e re fu sed ho w e v er t o i nfor mthe mo f t h e circ u m
sta n c es w hich ha d p l a c ed his l i fe in d a ng er H e re m
.
, ,

a i ned s a f e

u n der she l ter o f the i m mu nities o f the pl a ce a few d a y s u nti l o n

.

F r id a y t he 7 t h o f No ve m
,

ber bet w ee n ei g ht a nd n i ne o c l ock in

t he m orni ng Je a n de Bea u ff r em
,

o nt l ord o f M i rebe a u a nd B o u r

b o n ne a po w erfu l b a ro n o f the n ei g hborhood c a m

, ,

e t o t he post
er n g a te o f the m o na stery o n prete nc e o f he a ri ng m a s s a eco m
, ,

w o o f hi s b a st a rd chi l dre n o n e o f w ho mw a s a J a co
, ,

p a n ie d b y t (
b in m o nk ) a nd a p a r t y o f a r med ret a i ners Their hor s es ha d .

b e e n p l a ced secr etly in the st a b l e o f a n a dj oi ni n g i nn T he i n

t r u d er s m
.

a rched d irect i nto the c l oisters a n d there sei z ed P ierre

d E s t a ing w ho mthe y fo u nd sit t i n g u n der the a rc a de a nd in

,

sp ite o f the cries a n d res ista n c e o f the m

, , ,

o n ks w ho ha d bee n ,

b ro u g ht to g e t her b y the n oise o f these v io l e nt proceedi ng s

d r a g g ed himto the o u tside o f t he co nv e n t w here t he y ordered
,

hi mt o m
,

o u nt a horse w hich had bee n bro u ght there in re a di ness .

O n his re fu si n g to obe y the l ord o f M irebe a u dre w his d a g g er

a nd str u ck himo n the he a d so a s to prod u c e a n e ff u s i o n o f
, ,

b l ood ; a nd a fter g i vi n g hi m se v er a l b l o w s w ith the s t th ey

,

b o u n d himw it h cords a nd tied hi mo n the horse s b a ck

,

The
.

w ho l e p a rty the n rode o ff a t fu ll g a ll op s u cc eeded i n p a ssi n g o ne

o f the g a tes o f the to w n be fore it co u l d be c l osed u po n the m a nd
,

ma de fo r the c a stl e o f M irebe a u w h ere their priso ner w a s thro w n

,

i nto the c a stl e d u n g eo n .

M e a n w hi l e the g ood to w n o f D ijo n w a s thro w n i nto a g re a t

u p ro a r The m
. a y or a nd che vi n s m et the s a m e day A de .
60 S O R CE RY A ND M AGI C .

t a i l ed p i ece s ve r b a l w a s dr a w n u p b y t he m
- u n ici p a l o i c e r s and

w it n esse s w ere he a rd w ho a ll co n fir m

,

ed t he a cco u nt g i ve n by
t he m
,

o nks No t o nly ha d there bee n a a g ra nt bre a ch o f

.

the pri v i l e g es sec u red to the to w n b y its ch a rter w hi c h g a ve

t o the m
,

u nicip a l o i c e r s the so l e ri g ht o f a rrest w ithi n t he t o w n

a nd its j u risdictio n b u t a co n v e nt protected b y the stro ng est

sy m p a thies o f the mu nicip a l ity h a d bee n ope n ly vio l a t ed The

, ,

mona stery o f the J a cobi ns w a s i ndeed u nd er the spec i a l j u ris

.
,

dictio n o f the m
, ,

a y or a n d che v i n s ; a n d it w a s w ithi n i t s w a ll s

th a t fo r h a l f a c e ntu ry the m u n ici pa l e l ectio n s ha d a l w a y s t a ke n

p l a ce O n t he m
, ,

orro w M a s ter E t i en ne B er b is ey l ie u te n a n t o f
the ma y or a nd M a s t er M o u g in L a cor ne se creta ry o f the m
.
,

,
u n ici ,

a l it or a s w e sho u l d s a y to w n c l erk ) w ere s e nt t o M irebe a u

p y (
-

to de m a nd o f its l ord Je a n de B a u ff r em
, , , ,

o nt rep a r a tio n fo r t h e ia

j u ries do n e to the pri vi l e g es o f D ij o n b u t he m

, ,

a d e e va si ve a n

swe r s a nd e v ide n tly w i shed to g a i n ti m

,
e A fter v a i n a tte m pts .
,

o n the p a rt o f the to w n t o bri n g their O ppo n e n t t o re a so n b y ,

f rie nd ly expo s tu l a tio ns the a u thori t ies proceeded t o a ct w ith the

u e nt ly ch a r a cteri z ed the m a s u res O f the m
,

v i or th a t so fr e q e
g u

n ic ip a l bodies in the m idd le a g es O n the 1 3t h o f No v e m ber

P hi lippe B er g a in t he serg e a n t a nd cri er o f t he t o w n s u mm
.
,

o ned
b y sou nd o f tr u m
, , ,

pet in a ll t he streets a n d p l a c es o f D ij o n the

l ord Je a n de B a u ff r em o nt a nd his a cco m
, ,

pl ic es to a ppe a r b e fore
the m a y or o n M o nd a y the 2 4 t h o f No v e m
,

,
ber a t t w o o c l ock in
, ,

t he a fter n oo n o n p a i n o f co n sc a tio n o f a l l the g oods he

p O s
s essed i n D ij o n a nd o f perpet u a l b a n ish m e nt fro mthe to w n a nd
,

its j u risdictio n
The to w n ha d m et w ith a f or m
.

id a b l e a nt a g o nist in Je a n de
B a u r em w ho q u ietly set the m u nicip a l a u t horiti es a t d e
'

o nt
H e h a ppe ned to possess n o g oods w ithi n the l i m
,

a n ce . its of
their j u ri s dictio n so th a t their o nly hope o f ob t a i n i ng j u stic e w a s
,

b y c a ll i ng fo r the i nter fere n ce o f their f e u d a l l ord the d u ke o f B u r

u nd y t o w ho ma n d t o his h o u se the l ord o f M irebe a u ha d do ne
,

g
im port a n t ser vices Je a n de B a u ff r em o nt ha d a cco m
, , ,

. p a n ied the
d u k e Je a n s a n s P e u r to the si eg e O f B o u rg es in 1 4 1 2 ; in 1 4 1 7
- -
,

he w a s o ne o f the c a pta i ns w ho bes ie g ed the c a stl e o f No g ent

a nd w ho recei ved its c a p itu l a tio n in the n a m
,

e o f the du ke : a nd
i n the y e a r e ns u i ng he ha d br a ve ly rep u l sed the t roops o f the
,

k i ng o f F r a n ce w hich w ere r a va g i ng the fro ntiers o f the d u c hy

I n fa ct he ha d sho w n hi m
, .

se l f throu g h these deso l a ti n g c i v i l

w er e oneo f t he br a v est a n d m
, ,

, ost de voted a dhere nts O f the B u r

nu t y A t t he r st gl a nce there fore the s u ccess o f a n
'

Bu t a m
. , ,

t o t hedu k ea pp ear ed t o b e very dou btf u l id .

,
 THE L O RD O F MI RE BE AU . 61

t he co nst a n t t ro u b l es a nd hosti l ities o f the m iddl e a g e s the l e a d

in g m en in the m
,

u nicip a l to w ns l e a r n ed t o be a t o n c e br a v e c a
p
t a i n s a n d ski l fu l dip l o m a tists a n d w e sh a ll s e e in the sequ e l th a t
those o f D ijo n w ere no t de c ie nt a t l e a st in the qu a l i c a tio n s o f ,

t he l a tt er
The d u ke o f B u rg u nd y w a s a t this ti m
.

e in H o ll a nd a t the
H a g u e w hither the m a y or a nd che vi ns se n t m
,

esse ng ers w ith

l etters pl a ci ng the m
,

se l v es u nder his speci a l protectio n The y

ma de a fu ll sta te ment o f the a ff a ir p l e a ded their ch a rtered ri ghts
, .

a n d pri v i l e g es a n d e n de d b y i n ti m
,

a ti n th a t the re a so n t he y h a d
g
n o t b ee n o n the spot in ti m
,

e to sei z e the o ff e nders i n t he fa ct

a n d ex a ct j u stice fo r the m se l ves w a s th a t t hey w er e a t t ha t m
. ,

men t occu p ied in t heir a ss emb ly in vo t ing u na ni mou s ly t he a id of

,

s ix t y t ho u s a n d r a ncs w h ich the d u k e ha d a sked o f t he min the

f
mo nth O f J a nu a ry precedi ng This w a s a very c u nni ng stroke
,

o f p o l ic y a nd see m s t o h a ve ha d its e ect T 0 m a ke sti ll m

.

'

ore
su re the b u r g hers w rote a t the s a m e ti m
.
,

e t o the d u ke s ch a n

c el l o r t o Je a n de M o l es m
,

es the d u k e s secreta ry Je a n Cost a i n

, , , ,

h is b u tl er t o Je a n M a rti n t he c a s t e ll a n o f R o u vre a nd the d u k e s

v a l et d e ch a m
, ,

- -
bre a nd t o o t her O ffi cers o f t he d u c a l ho u sehol d
r ec o m me ndi ng the c a u se o f t he to w n t o their protectio n in the
, ,

most pressi ng t er ms a nd a s there a r e in t he mu nicip a l a ccou nts

o f this period a nu m ber o f v a gu e a nd m
,

y s t erio u s e ntri es o f p a y
me nts o f mo ney voted by t he to w n it see ms prob a b le tha t other
me a ns w ere t a k e n t o ma k e c l e a r t o the d u ke s co u nc ill ors the
,

j u stic e o f this c a u se The res u l t w a s th a t the d u ke t ook u p the

c a u s e O f t he b u rg hers w ith z e a l a nd is s u ed o n t he 9t h o f D ece m
.
,

b er a pere m ptory order to the b a i l i ff o f D ijo n t o rep a ir im med i

,

a te ly t o the c a stl e O f M irebe a u t o d el i v er the priso n er a nd

restore himto the pl a c e w he nce he ha d bee n t a k e n u si ng

, ,

forc e in c a se O f resis t a n ce a nd to a rr est w itho u t de l a y a ll per

so n s co n cer ned in the o u tr a g e a nd co m mit the mt o prison in the
,

s tro n g c a stl e o f T a l a nt be l o n g i ng to the d u ke a nd si t u a ted in the

im me d i a te v ici nity o f D ijon On the 31 st o f D ece mber the b a i
, ,

l i ff o f D ijo n P hi l ippe de Cou rce ll es w e nt t o M irebe a u w ith a

s tro n g p a rt y o f ser g e a n ts a nd m en a t a r m
, ,

s b u t he fou n d the g a t es
- -
,

o f t h e c a st l e c l osed a n d b a rric a ded A fter he ha d kno cked three

t im e s a t the pri n cip a l e n t r a n ce a n d s u m mo n ed the c a s tl e b y
.

so u n d o f hor n a t t he end o f the dr a w brid g e the chie f o f the

w a t c h w ho is c a ll ed the b a s t a rd J e a n de R u pp es m
,

a d e his a
p
a r a n c e b u t the o nly a n s w er he w o u l d g i v e w a s th a t his m
, ,

p e as ,

t er w a s a bse nt a n d th a t he ha d l e ft stri c t o r ders to ope n to n o

,

T heb a il i the n r ea d the d u k e s order b u t in va in ; w h er e

b ody
'

. ,

6
62 S O R CE RY A ND M AGI C .

u po n b e pro no u nced so l e m nly the co n sc a tio n o f t he c a s t l e of

M irebe a u a nd i n si gn o f s ei z u re pl a c ed the d u c al a rm
,
s o n t he

g re at
g a te H e the n co ll ect e d to g eth e r the peop l e o f t h e t o w n
be a u by sou nd o f tru m
.

o f M ir e p et a nd c a u sed the crier a s w e ll

be fore the c a stl e a s in the m a rket p l a ce to s u m mo n the l ord
, ,

Je a n d e B a u ff r em a nd his a cco m
,

o nt p l i c es a n d the b a s t a rd Je a n
d e R u ppes to a ppe a r b efore himo n the l ot h o f J a nu a ry f o ll o w
, ,

i ng o n p a i n o f b a n i sh m
,

e nt a nd na l co n sc a tio n o f the g oods o f

a l l the perso n s th u s s u m mo ned P hi lippe d e Cou rc e ll es the n
,

ret u rn ed w ith his escort t o D ijo n .

T he a ff a ir ha d n o w t a ke n a v ery serio u s t u rn Je a n d e B a u f
fre m ont i m nd in a m
.

a g i ned th a t it w o u l d e ere squ a bbl e bet w ee n

hi m s el f a nd the to w ns m e n o r he w o u l d h a rd ly h a v e c a rried t he
ma tter so fa r ; b u t w he n he s a w the promptitu de w ith w hich t he
,

d u ke ha d t a ke n u p the c a u se o f the to w n he w a s no t so r a sh a s ,

to br a ve a n a u thori t y a g a i nst w hi ch he k ne w th a t he w a s p o w er
l ess A ccordi ngly w he n the l ot h o f J a nu a r y a rri v ed he c a m e
for w a rd a nd s u rre n dered hi m
.
, ,

se l f a pri s o ner in the c a stl e o f T a

l a nt T he prosec u tio n w a s n o w a cti ve ly fo ll o w ed u p a s w e ll b y '

the d u k e s b a i l i ff a s in the m
.

u n icip a l c o u rt W he n bro u g ht i nt o

the co u rt fo r ex a m
.

i na tio n the l ord O f M irebe a u co nfessed t he

cri m e w ith w hich he w a s ch a r g ed b u t he re fu sed w ith the s a m
,

e
obsti n a c y w hich ha d bee n sho w n b y P i erre d Es t a ing hi m
,

se l f t o

a cc o u nt o f the m
,

i ve a n o t i ves o f his hosti l i t y t o th a t i n di v id

g y
u al The b a i l i ff a djo u rn ed his j u d g m en t fro md a y t o d a y in t he
expect a tio n o f fu rther di s c l os u res T he m
.
,

u n ic ip a l bod y he l d a
.

r a pid series o f de l ib er a tio ns a ll o f w hich w ere e ntered in the ir

secret re g ist er a nd the res u l t o f w hi ch w a s re g u l a rly co m mu ni
,

o s ted t o the d u ke a nd hi s co u n se ll ors i n a correspo n d e n ce w hich

m
,

w a s c a rried o n w itho u t i n terr u ptio n d u ri n the o nths o f J a n

g
The m en a t a r m
, ,

u a ry F ebr u a r y a nd M a rch s o f the to w n w er e - -

i n t he m e a nti m e a cti ve ly e ng a g ed in tr a ci ng the a cco m

, , .

p l ic es o f
J e a n de B a u ff r em o nt w ho ha d hitherto e ff ecti v e ly co n ce a l ed the m
,

se l v es b u t the y w ere a t l e ngth disco vered a nd w ere a ll a rrested

o n the 1 1 t h o f M a rch ; a nd the s a m
,

e d a y confro nted w ith thei r

ma s ter The l a tter no w ma de a fu ll confession o f his de a l ings
.

w ith P ierre d Es t a ing

I t a ppe a rs th a t so m em
.

onths be fore t he proceedi ng s described

a bo v e a cert a i n J a c o b in m o nk na m ed O l i vier c a m e to the l ord O f
M ire b e a u a n d to l d himth a t a m ong other thi ng s there w a s a m
, , ,

an at

M o u l i ns in the Bo u r b o nno is w ho ha d a n a r t (a l ig u e a s he ter m

, ,

ed
it p erh a p s w ith t hee v i l o ne) w hereb y he co u ld m
, , ,

a k e f ort y o r ft
y
t hou sa nd cu s every y ea r a nd tha t he w a s c a ll ed M a ster P ierr e
,
 T HE L O R D O F MI R E BE A U . 63

d Est a in g , e t l e m b y birth a nd a s he s a id a n e a r ki n s m

n n an
g
a a , , ,

o f the pope S eei ng th a t he ha d r a ised the c u riosity o f the l ord

.

o f M irebe a u he a dded th a t if it w ere his p l e a s u re he w o u l d

u n dert a k e to a ct a s a n e g oti a tor fo r h imw ith the s a id P ierre
, , ,

d E s t a in g

The c u pidity o f Je a n de B a u ffr em o nt w a s stro n ly
g
ex c ited a nd he e a g er ly e m bra ced the m
.

onk s o ff er ; a nd B rother

O l i vi er m a de se v er a l jo u rn e y s t o M o u l ins a t his expe n se to c o n

v e his propos a l s t o the a l che m

,

y ist L ed b y th e f a v or a b l e repo r ts

w h ich this m o nk bro u ght hi m Je a n de B a u ff r em

.

, o nt rep a ired to

M o u l i n s in person a n d there conv ersed w ith M a st er P ierre a nd

w a s s o fu lly s a tis ed w ith his st a te m
, ,

e nts th a t he e ntered i nto a n

a g ree m e nt w hereb y P i erre d Es t a ing pro m ised to p u t himin p o s
,

s essio n o f the sci e n ce o f his gym o n c onditio n th a t the lord

o f M irebe a u sho u l d d e o s it s in the h a nds o f a m a nt t h e s u m

,

p erch
o f o ne tho u s a nd c u s o f g o l d w hich w ere t o be g i v e n to M a s

ter P ierre a s soon a s he ha d fu l ll ed his pro m

,

ise T henext d a y
the l ord o f M irebe a u w a s so m
.

u ch p l e a sed w ith t he fa ir a nd
e a t pro m a l che m a ve hima di a m

r ises o f the ist th a t he o nd o f
g g
the v a lu e o f t w e nty c u s or m
,

ore t o prese nt to his l a d y ; w hich

s o e n tire ly g a i ned his he a rt th a t he i m medi a te ly a g reed to r e
,

d u ce his de m a n d fro ma tho u s a nd to v e h u ndred c u s a nd Je a n

,

de Ba u ffr em o nt took i m medi a te steps to ra i s e the mo ne y F ro m

,

t hi s ti m e w e he a r no m ore o f B rother O l i vier ; a nd it l ooks m

.

u ch

a s i f the t w o p a rties chie y co n cer ned w ere try i ng m u tu a lly t o

o verre a ch e a ch other

B e fore Je a n de B a u ff r em o n t dep a rted fro mM o u l i n s

.

P ierre
d Es t a ing g a ve himo n e o f his ser va nts to a cco m p a ny himb a ck
,

t o M irebe a u there to co m me n ce O pera t ions w hi ch he s a id w ou l d

t a k e t hree m o nths be fore it w o u l d be n e c e s s a ry fo r himt o i nt er
, ,

f ere H e w a s the n t o bri ng the p rep a r a tio n to M ou l i n s a nd t o

o h u n dred c u s i nto the h a n ds o f the a l che m
.
,

p ya t w ist u po n

w hich t he l a tter w o u l d e n ter u po n the m

,

ore secret p a rts o f t he

p roc ess w hi c h his ser v a nt w a s i n c a p a b l e o f perform i ng
Je a n de B a u ff r em
.
,

o nt a ccordi n ly ret u r ned to his c a stl e o f M ire

g
b e a u w i t h P ierre d Es t a i ng s ser va nt t o w ho mhe g a v e m o ne y to

,

de fr a y his expe nses A t M irebe a u the ser va nt be g a n to w o rk

.
,

a s s id u o u s ly o n his O per a tio ns in the co u rse o f w hich he w a s
se nt s e ver a l ti m es to co ns u l t his m
,

a ster a l w a y s a t Je a n de B a u f

fre m o nt s expe nse w ho a l so g a v e himd a i ly a R he ni s h o r in fo r

,

I n the s eq u e l P ierre d Est a in g h i m se l f c a me t o

,

his w a g es

M irebe a u a nd re n e w ed his pro m

.

ises to its l ord w ho in retu r n

a s s u red h im th a t he
, , ,

sh ou l d b e l iber a lly re w a rded

'
M a ster
P i erre w it h three a s sista nts ha d re m
.

,
a i ne
,
d in t he c a stle a con
64 S O R CE RY A ND M A GI C .

s id er ab l e ti me
Je a n de B a u ff r em at o nt s expe n se w he n t he l a t

ter recei ved a l etter fro mthe co u nt o f C l er m

, ,

o nt so n o f t he d u ke
o f B o u rbo n a nd A u v er g ne t o w hose ho u s e the a l che m
,

,
i st ha d
bee n a tt a ched The co u nt co ng r a t u l a ted t he l ord o f M ireb e a u
o n the a cq u is itio n he ha d m
.

a de i n the perso n o f M a ster P ie rre

d Est a in g w ho he s a id w a s q u ite c a p a b l e o f per form i ng w h a t

he ha d pro m ised a ddi ng th a t he w o u l d no t h a v e perm itted him

, , ,

to l e a v e his ser v ice fo r th a t o f a ny other perso n he recom me nd

, ,

ed himto k eep a sh a rp w a tch o n the a l che m ist a nd if he did

no t per for m his w ork to his s a tis fa ctio n to sh u t h imu p in a pl a c e
,

w here he co u l d w ork o nly b y c a nd l e l i g ht a n d to k eep himthere

,

-
,

ti ll it w a s do ne ; a nd co nc l u d ed b y expressi ng a hope th a t Je a n
de Ba u ff r em o nt w o u l d n o t obj ect to sh a re w ith h i mthe
g re at

tre a s u r e w hich he w a s to g a i n b y the l a bors o f M a ster P ierre

Je a n de B a u r em o nt i m medi a tely sho w ed the co u n t s l etter to
.

'

P ierre d Est a ing w ho w a s m

u ch a b a shed w he n he he a rd its c o n

te n ts a nd b u rsti ng i nt o te a rs fe ll o n his k nees be fore him a p d

,

be g g ed th a t he w o u l d h a v e pity u p o n hi m Je a n de Ba u ff r em
, , ,

o nt

to l d himto l a y a side his fe a rs a ss u red himth a t no o nesho u l d i nj u re

.

hi ma nd pro m ised to t re a t hima s he w o u l d his o w n chi l d It a p

,

pe a rs ho w e v er th a t he l ed himi nto the ch a pel o f the c a stl e a nd

, .

ma de hims w e a r w ith his h a nd u po n the a lta r th a t he w ou l d not

, , ,

o be y o n d the c a stl e w a ll s u nti l he h a d e n tire ly co m

, ,

g p l eted h is
t a sk Upo n this P i erre d Es t a ing obt a i n ed fro mhis e m
.

pl o y er a
h u ndred a nd fi fty fr a n c s t o g i ve t o his rst ser va nt a horse w orth
t w e l ve c u s a nd a m
,

a ntl e o f f o u r c u s ; si x c u s t o distrib u te

am
,

o ng his other ser v a n ts ; t w e nty c u s t o se n d t o his ho u se a t

M o u l i n s ; a nd t en c u s to se nd t o his cha m b r iere

( w e a r e not

tol d if t his w ere the l a dy fo r w h o mthe di a m o n d w a s desi g ned )

I t is prob a b l e th a t the a l che m
.

i s t w a s no w tre a ted w ith ri g or a nd ,

th a t he co nsidered h is l i fe in d a ng er ; fo r thes e l a st tr a n s a ctio ns

occ u rred a bou t the fe a st o f All S a i nts t w o o r three d a y s a fter
w hich w hi l e Je a n de B a u ffr em
,

o nt w a s a bse nt o n a v isit to Vi l

l ers l es P ots he l et hi m se l f do w n fro mo ne o f the c a stl e w in

,

- -

do w s by m
,

e a ns o f his bed c l othes a bo u t e l ev e n o c l ock a t n i ght

-
,

,

p a ssed the o u ter w a tch o f the c a stl e u npercei v ed a n d w a n der

i n g ti ll m
, ,

or ni n g re a ched the to w n o f D ijo n w here a s w e h a ve

, , ,

a l re a d y see n he so u g ht she l ter in the co nv e n t o f the J a cobi ns

Je a n de B a u ffr em o nt w a s i m medi a te ly ma de a cqu a i nted w ith

, .

M a st er P ierre s esc a pe a nd he h u rried b a ck i n a fu ry t o M ire

,

b e a u w h ere the hidi ng pl a ce o f the fu g iti v e w a s soo n k n o w n

,
-
.

A ccor di ng t o his o w n a ccou nt o f w h a t foll o w ed the l ord o f M ire ,

re p a ir ed w it h a pa r t y of his fri end s a nd s er va n ts t o D ij o n,

 T HE L O RD O F MIRE BE A U . 65

a nd t her e ga ve i nfor mtion th

a prison er ha d esc a ped fromhis
at a

c a stl e a nd w a s co nc e a l ed b y the J a cobi ns T he n ext d a y he

w e nt t o the m
, .

o na stery ha d a n i nter vie w w ith P ierre d Est a ing

a nd a s h e st a ted obt a i n ed fro mhima pro m ise to retu r n w i t h him

, ,

to his c a stl e a nd co nti nu e his a l che m ic a l op er a tion s w hich seem

, ,

s
t o h a v e bee n the thi n g he ha d m
,

ost a t he a rt F i ndi ng s u b s e .

q u e n tly t ha t M a ster P ierre w a s sti ll u nw i ll i ng to l e a v e the s a nc

t u a r y he represe nted to himthe gre a t expe nses he ha d a l re a d
y
bee n a t a nd O ff ered t o p a y fo r himi nto t he h a nds o f so me perso n
,

in D ijo n a tho u s a nd c u s a s the re w a rd fo r the co m

,

p l etio n o f his
w ork p l ed g i ng hi m se l f th a t w he n it w a s n ished he w o u l d bri n g
h imb a ck i n s a fety a n d restore h imt o the s a m
, ,

e p l a ce in w hich
he h a d n o w ta ke n re fu g e The a l che m i s t see m s no w ho w e v er
t o h a v e ha d no i n c l i n a tio n to re n e w his experi m
.
, ,

e nts ; perh a ps
he ha d no gre a t co n de nce in their s u ccess a nd Je a n de Ba u r e
mont ndi ng th a t he w ou l d n o l ong er p u t a ny tru st in his pro m
,

i s es t o l d himope nly th a t fro mth a t m om

,

e nt he considered a ll
the ir en g a g e me nt s broke n a nd th a t e a ch m
,

u st do his best fo r

hi m se l f H e the n con certed me a s u res fo r ta ki ng a w a y the fu g i

,

ti ve b y force w hich a s w e h a v e a l r ea d y see n w ere c a rried i nto

eff e ct e a rly o n the fo ll o w i ng m
, , ,

orn i n g .

T he l e g a l i nv esti g a tion o f this s tr a ng e a ffa ir bei ng bro u g ht t o

a c l os e b y the co nfessio n o f the pri ncip a l o ff e nder the m a y or a n d

che v i n s de m a n ded i n t he n a m
,

e o f the cro w n th a t Je a n de Ba u f
fre m on t shou l d p a y a ne o f t en tho u s a nd c u s o f g o l d t o be em
, ,

pl o y ed o n the forti c a tio n o f the to w n w a ll a nd th a t his a ec o m

,

m m
,

p l i ces sho u l d be
g i ve n u
p to th e j u d g e n t o f the u n icip a l co u rt .

The l a tter poi nt w a s y ie l ded a t o nce w itho u t a ny h esit a tio n a n d , ,

o n t h e 1 8 t h o f M a rch the co u rt pro no u n c ed its se n te n ce a ccord

ing to w hich the m

,

en w ho ha d a ided the l ord o f M irebe a u in v io

l a ti ng the s a nctu a ry o f the co nve nt w ere t o be brou g ht o n a ,

S u nd a y in their shirts a nd b a re foot e a ch w ith a l i ghted t a per in

his h a n d w ei g hi ng t hree po u n ds be fore the s a m
, ,

, e g a te o f the
to w n throu g h w hich P ierre d Est a ing ha d bee n c a rried a w a y

m
,

a nd there the y w ere t o c r erc y o n their k n ees be f ore t h e
y
ma y or a nd che v i ns w ho w ere tobe s u mmoned for the occ a sion
m a t the s a m
, ,

a nd the y w ere a l so to c r erc y to the w ho l e to w n e

y
ti m em a p u b l ic co n fessi o n o f their cri m
,

a ki n
g e the y w ere t he n

to rec ite the a m en d e ho no r a b le a ft er w hi c h e a ch w a s to h a ve o n e

,

o f his h a n ds ou t o ff ; th ey w ere n ext to c a rr y the t a p ers to the

mona stery o f the J a cobi ns a nd th ere o ff er t he ma t the hi g h a l ta r ;

,

a fter w h ich the y w ere to p a y a pe c u n i a ry ne proportio na te to

the ir m e a ns a nd t o b e b a n ished fro mthe to w n a nd j u r i sd i ctio n

,
*
6
66 S O RCE RY A ND M AGI C .

of D ijon for e v er This sentenc e w a s execu ted t o t hel ett er on

.

the rst S u nd a y in A pri l

It a ppe a rs to h a ve bee n a m u ch m ore di ffi c u l t m
.

a tter t o
p r o

n o u n ce j u d g m e nt o n the perso n o f Je a n de B a u ff r em o nt w ho r e

ma i ned in prison till the mo nth o f D ec e mber foll o w i ng w ithou t

,

a ny prospect o f a s a tis fa c tor y decisio n o f his c a u se H e then

w rote to the m a y or t o propose ter m s o f a rr a ng e me nt a nd s e nt
.

the l etter b y o ne o f t he d u ke s co u nci ll ors b u t w he n the co m

,

mo n co u nci l o f the tow n ha d he ld t w o d el ib era tions o n the su b

he o ly recei ved fo r a n s w er th a t si nc e the c a u se w a s n o w
j e ct ,
n ,

in the d u k e s co u rt a n d be fore his b a i l i ff it w a s no t in the po w er

o f the m
, ,

u n icip a l bod y to e n ter u po n his propos a l s Je a n de

B a u ff r em
.

o nt the n w rote direct t o t he d u ke o f B u r u nd y be i n

g gg g
i n the m ost a bject ter m s th a t the d u k e w o u l d h a v e co m
,

p a ss ion
m m
,

o n h i Three o nths a a i n p a ssed a w a y b u t a t l e n t h on

u
p .
g g ,

the 2 6 t h o f M a rc h 1 4 5 7 D u k e P hil ippe the n a t B r u sse l s g r a nted

, , , ,

the pri s o ner l etters o f p a rdon a nd restit u tio n t o his g oods o n

c o n d it ion th a t he shou l d g i v e s u reties fo r m
,

a ki n
g h is pe a c e w ith
the to w n .

T his ho w e ver w a s no t so e a si ly done A n ew series o f p r o

c eed i ng s w a s co m me n ced in the co u rse o f w hich the l o r d of
, , .

The y sti ll re m
,

M irebe a u died . a i n u ndecided in the y e a r 1 4 62 ,

w he n the c a u se w a s a g a i n prosec u ted a g a i n st Je a n de B a u ff r e

mo nt s w i do w M a rg u erite de Chal o n a nd his son P i erre de

B a u ff r em
, , ,

o nt a nd b y the d u k e s orders the a ff a ir w a s c a rried b e

f ore the p a r l i a m
, , ,

e nt o f B u r g u nd y the n sitti ng a t B e a u n e Thi s , .

n ew process l a s t ed ti ll 1 4 7 0 in w hich y e a r o n the 1 2 t h o f J a n

u a r y the p a rl i a m e nt co nde m n ed the heirs o f Je a n de B a u ff r em
, ,

, o nt

to a ne o f fo u r tho u s a nd l i vres to the to w n w hich w a s su b s e

q u e ntly b y a n a gree me nt o f t he t w o p a r t ies co m mu ted fo r o ne
,

, ,

tho u s a n d l ivres It w a s no t ti ll the 6 t h o f A u g u st 1 4 72 th a t the

j u d g me nt o f the p a r l i a m
.
, ,

e nt w a s exec u ted a nd th a t thi s l o ng a f

f a i r w hich ha d b ee n he l d in s u spe nse d u ri ng m
,

ore th a n ftee n
y ea rs w a s f u lly ter m
,

, i na ted .

m h m
Thed o cu ent s o f t is r e a r k a b l est o r y a r ep u b l ished in a n a r t iclein t he B ib
l io t h q u ed el Ecoled es C a r t es
' "
h .
 THE E NC H ANTE R VIRGIL . 67

C HA P T E R VI .

TH E EA RLIE R ME D I E V AL T YP E O F T H E S O R CERER ; V I RGIL T HE

E N C H A N T ER .

WE hithert o b een ob l i g ed t o formo u r notio n o f t he p r a c

ha v e
t i c e o f sorcery a nd m a ic i n the m
g idd l e a
g es fro m i n di v id u a l a n d
s c a t tered ex a m pl es o f s u perstitio u s pr a ct i c es Bu t it w a s a p e
cu l i a r tr a it i n the ch a r a cter o f the m iddl e a g es to cre a te i m
.

a in
g
p erso na g es a n d c l othe the mw ith the a ttrib u tes o f a c l a ss
ar
y
t y p es a s it w ere o f pop u l a r be l i e f o r o f pop u l a r a tt a ch m
,

e nt or
u ch in th a t a g e to h istory a n d to se nti m
, ,

g l o ry S e n t w ere the

h eroe s a n d heroi nes o f it s ro m Rom

.
, , ,

a n ces a n ce i ndeed w a s
t he n b u t a sort o f re ectio n o f the pop u l a r m
.
, ,

i n d The despised .

a nd h a ted w itch ha s l e ft u s no s u ch ty pe o f her l i f e a nd histor y ;

b u t t he m a ic i a n o r sorc erer he l d a hi her r a nk in p u b l ic esti

g g
ma tion F ro ma fee l ing w hich ma y be tr a ced b a ck to R u n ic
.

a g es w he n e v er y l etter o f the a l ph a bet w a s s u pposed to possess

it s m y stic po w er a s a n i ns t ru m e nt O f m
,

a ic his v oc a tio n w a s
g
l ooked u po n w ith m
,

ore re vere nce a s c l ose ly conn ected w ith l i t e

r a tu re a n d scie n ce
E ith er fro mthis c irc u m st a n ce or bec a u se their na m
.

es w ere
po pu l a rly a tta ched to so m e o f the m a r v e ll o u s re m
,

a i ns o f a n cie n t

a r t the peopl e o f the m

,
iddl e a g es rst s a w the ty pe o f the ma g i
cia n in the poets a nd phi losophers o f c l a ssic d a y s The phy si
u nder the corr u pted na m
.

cia n H ippocr a tes e o f Y pocra s w a s

su pposed t o h a v e e ff ected his c u res b y m
, ,

a ic a nd he w a s the
g ,

su bj e ct o f a l e g e nd a ry histo r y c ert a i nly a s O l d a s t he end o f the

,

t w e l fth ce nt u ry co nt a i n i ng i ncide nts w hich w ere s u bseq u e ntl y

tol d o f a m
,

ore ce l ebr a ted co nj u ror Vir g i l I n the pop u l a r cr e ed

Of the m idd l e a g es m
.
,

edici ne w a s a l s o c l ose ly a ll ied w ith w itc h

cra ft a n d the forbi dde n sc ie nces ; m
,

a ny o f the herbs a nd other

a rtic l es w hich restored the p a t ie nt to he a l th ha d q u a l ities o f a

more my sterio u s na tu re a nd the phil ter o r the more fe a rfu l mix

tu re o f the sorc erer s c a l dro n w h ich ha d the po w er o f co m
,

ma n di ng the spiri t o f d a rk n es s w ere b u t a n exte nsion o f the

,

phy sic i a n s speci c W e sh a l l h a v e oc c a sio n to rec u r a g a i n t o

this s u bj ect a nd sho w ho w fa r a k n o w l e d g e o f the m

.

edic a l pro p
o rties o f herb s a nd other t hi n g s did forma p a rt o f m
,

edie va l sor
68 S O R CE RY A ND M A GI C .

c ery a nd w a s u sed fo r de a d ly pu rposes I t i s no t im p ossib l e

th a t the equ i voc a l me a ni ng o f the L a ti n w ord ca r m
.
,

en ( w hich
me a ns a poe ma nd a ch a rm) ma y h a ve contribu ted t o th e p o pu la r
rep u t a t io n o f t he po ets D o w n t o a v ery rece nt peri o d if n o t a t
.
,

the prese nt d a y t he peop l e in the n ei ghborhood o f P a l e s t ri na

,

h a v e l ooked u po n H or a c e a s a po w er f u l a n d be n e vo l e nt w i z a rd
A stor y a ppa rently no t m ore m
.

o d ern th a n t heth irtee nth c e ntu r y

r eprese nt s t w o schol a rs proceedi n g t o the t o m
, ,

b o f O v id a n d r e
iv ing a n s w ers fro mhis m a nes ; i n fa c t pr a ctisi n g n ecro m
,

ce a ncy

B u t the perso na g es o f a nt iqu ity a bo u t w ho mthese m

.
,

y ster iou s
l e g e nds w ere pri ncip a lly g ro u ped w a s the poet Virg i l I t w o u l d
o poi nt o u t so m
.

erh a ps no t be v er di ffi c l t t e re a so n s fo r w hich

p y u

s u ch t a l es w ere a tt a ched t o the m em ory o f o ne w ho see m s to

ha ve fo u nd a p l a ce i n pop u l a r s u pers t itio n fro ma v er y ea r ly p e

r io d a nd w hose n a m e w a s co nn ected in popu l a r tr a diti on w ith
se ver a l a nci e n t m o nu m
,

e nts in It a ly .

W e nd sc a ttered a ll u s i o ns t o the s u pposed expl oits of Virgi l

at a n e a r ly p eriod co nn ected chie y w it h Na p l es a nd R o m
, e .

G er va se o f Ti l bu ry a w e ll k n o w n w riter o f t he end o f t he
,
-

t w e l fth ce ntu ry he a rd w hi l e in It a ly ho w Virg i l ha d p l a c ed a

b r a z en y o n o ne o f the g a t es o f the form
, , ,

er city w hi ch kept t he
c ity f ree fro mre a l ies ; ho w he ha d erected ch a m
,

bers in w hich
me a t co u l d be kept fo r a ny l e n gth of ti me w ithou t t a inti ng ; a nd
ho w he ha d p l a ced t w o i m a es o f sto n e a t a nother
g g a te o f N a

p l es w h ich se vera lly he e n do w ed w i t h the q u a l ity o f g i vi ng

,

ood f or t u n e or b a d fortu n e to str a n ers w ho e nteri ng the cit y

g g , ,

a ppro a ched b y the o ne or the o t her A ccordi ng to this w riter

he r a ised o n a m
.
,

o u nta i n n e a r Na pl es a st a tu e o f bra ss w hich

h a d in its m ou t h a t f u m
,

e t a n d w he n t he n ort h w i n d b l e w thi
'
s
p
tru m pet so u nded so l ou d t ha t the r e a nd s m
, ,

,
oke iss u i ng o u t o f
those forg es o f V u l c a n w h ich a r e a t this d a y see n ne a r t he cit y
,

o f Pu o s s o l a P u zzu o l a ) w ere f orced b a ck to w a rd the s ea s o a s

(
He m
, ,

n o t to i nj u re or a nno y the i nh a bit a nts a de three b a ths c a

p a hl e o f re m
.

o v i n g e very disorder w ith i n scriptio ns in l etters o f

,

g o l d ; b u t the l a tt e r w ere c u n n i n g ly de f a ced b y the ph y sici a n s o f

S a l erno w ho w ere j e a l o u s l est peop l e shou l d be c u red o f thei r
dise a ses w itho u t their i nt er v e n tio n H e a l so m
,

a de a co nt ri va nc e

b y w hich no m a n co u l d be h u rt in the m
.

-
ir a c u l o u s va u l t cu t
throu g h the m o u nt a i n a t Po silipp o in g oi ng t o Na p l es He
fu rther m a de a pu b l ic r e w here e v ery o ne m i ght w a r mhi m
.

,
se l f ,

n e a r w hich he p l a c ed a br a z e n a rcher w ith h is b o w a nd a rro w ,

d r a w n r ea d y t o shoot a nd a n i nscriptio n st a t i ng
I f a ny o ne
st r ik e m e I w i ll sh oo t 06 m
, , ,

A l e ng th a foo l h a rd y

a rro w t
y
-
.
,
 VIRGIL INI TI A T E D IN M AGIC . 69

indi vi du a l tru ck the a rcher w ho shot himw ith the a rro w a nd

s

s e n t h i mi nto the r e w hich w a s i m medi a te ly exti ng u ished

, ,

, .

O ther w riters a dded to this l ist o f Virg i l s w o nders B u t ther e

s ee m s t o h a v e b ee n a m
.

ore expl ic it a nd co nn ected story o f

t h e e n ch a nter Virg i l f ro mw h a t p eriod it is di ffi c u l t to s a y
, ,

w hi ch a ppe a red i n a F re n ch history in the ftee nth ce ntu ry ,

a n d w a s pri nted a t the c l ose o f th a t c e nt u ry a nd the be g i nn i n g

o f the sixtee nth T w o editio n s a r e k n o w n a nd it ha s bee n t e

p r inted A bou t the s a m e ti m
.
,

. e the L i fe o f V ir g iliu s a ppe a red ,

i n E ng l ish p ri nted a t A nt w erp b y Joh n Do esb o r ck e a bou t the

, ,

y e a r 1 5 08 The E ng l ish stor y does no t a p p e a r t o h a v e bee n

t a k en directly fro mthe F re n ch a t l e a st no t f ro mthe pri nted edi

.

t io n fro m w hich it di ff ers co n sider a b ly in so m

,

e o f its det a i l s a nd
I t gi ves u s the fu ll o u t l i n e o f the m
,

i n i t s exte nt ediev a l be l ie f
i n Vir g i l the m
.

a ic i a n
g
Vi r g i l a ccordi ng to this story w a s the s o n o f a R o m
.

a n se n a

t o r o f g re a t w e a l th a nd po w er w ho w a s a t w a r w ith the e m
,

peror
of R o m
,

e Virg i l s bir t h w a s a tte nded w ith prodi g ies a nd he

s oo n sho w ed so m
.
,

u ch a ptit u de fo r l e a r ni ng th a t he w a s se nt t o ,

s c h oo l a t To l edo To l edo a s I h a v e a l re a d y obser ved w a s a

c e l e b r a ted schoo l o f m a ic in the m
.
, ,

g idd l e a g es ; b u t the w a
y in
w hi ch V irg i l obta i n ed his k n o w l ed g e w a s s u f cie ntly s i ng u l a r to
d eser v e b ei ng repe a ted in t he q u a i nt l a ngu a g e o f the ori g i na l .

A nd V ir g il iu s w e a r e to l d ,
w a s a t sco l e a t T ol ent e , n w here ,

he st o dy ed dyl ig ent l y fo r he w a s o f g re a t u nd er st a ndyng e

Upo n a tym
, .

s the s cho l e r s b a dde l c e n c eto to p l y n d s or ts

y g o o a a
p
t he mi n the fyl des a fter the u s a u nce o f the o l d e t ym e a nd there
w a s a l so Vi r g iliu s thereb y a l so w a l k yng e a m o ng the hyll es a ll
a bo u t I t fortu ned he s pyed a g re a t ho l e in t he s y de o f a g re a t
hyll w herei n he w e nt so depe th a t he cu ld eno t see no m
.

ore lyg ht
a nd th a n he w e nt a ly te ll f erther therei n a nd th a n he s a w e s o m
, ,

lyg ht a g a yne a n d th a n w e n te he fo u rth st r eyght e A nd w ithi n

, .

a l t ll w yl e a fter he h a rde a v oic e th a t c a ll ed Vi il i Vir

yy r
g u s , ,

i l i a nd he l oked a n d he o o l de n a t see n o b o d e

u s ! a bo u te
g y
Th a n Vir g iliu s s p a ke a nd a sked W ho c a ll eth m
, .

, e Th a n
,

ha rd e he the v oyce a g a yne b u t he s a w e nobod y T h a n s a y d he

, .
,

V ir g il iu s see y e no t th a t lyt yll bou rde ly i ng s b ysyd e yo u there

ma rk ed w ith tha t w orde I" Tha n a ns w ered Vir gil iu s I see th a t
,

b o rd e w e ll eno u g h The v o yce s a y d Doo a w a y e th a t bou rd

a nd l ett e m
.
, ,

e o u t e t her a t t e Tha n a n s w ered Vir g il iu s to the

.

v o y es t ha t w a s u nder the ly te ll borde a nd s a y d W ho a r t tho w

t h a t t a l kest m Th a n a ns w ered the d evyll I a ma d evyll
, ,

e so l
'

m
,

con u r ed o u t of the b od y o f a ce rte e d b h

j yn a n a n a n y s s ed her e ,
70 S O RCE RY A ND M A GI C .

t yll the d a y o f j u g e m e nt w ithou t th a t I be d elyv er ed b y t he

b a n des o f m Th u s V ir g il iu s I pr a y the d elyv er m
,

en e o u t of
this p a y n a nd I sh a ll sh ew o u n to the m
.
, ,

a n y bo k es o f nyg r o

ma nc y a nd b o w s tho w sh a l t cu mby it lyght ly a nd kno w s t he

,

r a ct s e therei n th a t n o m n c e o f neg r o m
,

a n in the s c e a ncye
p y y
s h a ll p a ss the ; a nd m oreo v er I sh a ll sho w e a nd enfo r m
,

e you
so th a t tho u sh a l t h a ve a ll t hy d esy r e w her b y m
, ,

e t hynk e it is a
or so l t yll a doy u g o fo r y e m
,

g re at
gy ft e f y a
y a l so th u s y o u r p oo r

f r endys h elp en a nd m m s u nm
,

ake r
yg h t e y o u r e n n e ye yg y h t
T ho r o w g h th a t g re a t pr o m a s V ir iliu s te m
.
,

e w pted he b a dd e
y s
g ;
the fynd sho w e the bok es to b ymth a t he m yg h t h a v e a n d o ccu

m nd so the fyn d she w ed b ym a nd th a n

,

py the a t his w ll
y A .
,

Vir g i l i a s p u lled ope n a bo u rde a nd there w a s a lyt e ll ho l e a nd

there a t w r a ng e t he d evyl l o u t lyke a y ee l [ a n ee l ] a nd c a ma nd
, ,

s t ode b yfo r eV ir g il iu s lyke a b yg g em

,

an Thereo f V ir g il iu s w a s
a nd m
.

a sto n ed
[ a sto n ished
] e r v e l ed
y g re a t ly thereo f th a t so
g re at

a m a n m g ht co m
,

e o u t a t s o ly t e ll a ho l e T h a n s a y d V ir g il iu s
y
S hu l d e y e w e ll p a sse i nto the ho l e th a t y e c a mo u t o f
.
,

Ye ,

I sh a ll w e ll s a y d the d evyl l ,

1 ho ld s the beste p l e d g e th a t I
.

h a ve y e sh a ll no t do it W e l l s a yd e the d evyll thereto I

A nd th a n the d evyl l w r a n g e hym

.
, , ,

co nse nte .

se lfe i nto t he ly te ll
hol e a g e n a n d a s he w a s therei n V ir g il iu s k yv er ed the hol e
, ,

ng e y u w ith the bo u rd c l ose a nd so w a s the d evyll b egyl ed a nd

myght no t there co me o u t a g e n b u t there a b yd et h shyt t e [sh u t]
, , ,

s t ll therei n T h a n c a ll ed the d e v ll d r e d e f u ll y t o V ir g il i u s a nd
y .
y ,

s a yd W h a t h a v e y e do ne ? V ir g il iu s a ns w ered A b yd e there
,

,

s t l l to y o u r d a y a p o y nt e d A d fr o t he n s fo r t h a b d e h b e

y n y t
there A nd so V ir g il iu s b ec a mver y co nnyng e in the p r a ct yse
.

o f the b l a cke s c enc e
y .

W hi l e Virg i l w a s thu s p u rs u i ng s u ch stu dies his fa ther died , ,

a nd the other se n a tors joi n ed i n u s u rpi n g his i nherita nce o n t he

p ri n c ipl e th a t the s m a ll er n u m
,

ber o f perso n s bei ng in po w er t he

m
,

g re a ter w o u l d be the po w er o f e a c h i ndi v id u al V ir g i l s other

n ext bec a m e a g ed a nd she se nt fo r her s o n fro mTo l edo t o p r o

.

te et her a nd rec l a i mhis property a nd r a nk Vir g i l coll ected

,

the riches he ha d g a i ned b y his scie n c e a n d rep a ired t o R o m

.
,

e
poor ki ns m
, ,

a nd w a s recei v ed w e ll b y his e n a s t he y ha d no ,

i nterest contr a ry t o his ow n b u t the rich l e a gu e d w ith his ene

mies a nd w ou l d no t a ck no w l ed g e him The n he w ent be fore
the e m peror st a ted his c a se a nd de m
.
,

a nded his ri h t s The

g
em
, , .

peror hesita te d a n d l isten ed to e vi l co u n se ll ors w ho s a id

M ethi nk eth th a t the l a n d is w e ll di v ided t o the mth a t h a v e it
, , ,

fo r the y m
,

a
y he l p y o u in their ne ed ! w h a t n e edeth y o u f o r t o
 VI RGIL D ECE IVE D BY A L A DY . 71

ca re the disheriti ng o f o ne sch oo l m

fo r a ster ? b id him ta k e heed
a nd l ook to his schoo l s fo r he h a th no ri ght to a ny l a nd her e
a bo u t the city o f R o m A n d so the e m p eror p u t himo ff fo r
,

e .

fo u r o r v e y e a rs
B u t Vir g i l a w a re o f his o w n po w ers w a s deter m
.

, i n ed no t t o ,

b e th u s de l u ded H e w a ited q u ie t ly ti l l h a rv est co nci l i a ti ng

h is poor ki ns m
.
,

e n a nd frie n ds b y his l iberal ity a nd the n w h en

c o rn a nd fr u it w ere ripe he thre w b y a r t m a ic a m
, ,

ist o v er a l l
g
-
, , ,

t he l a n ds o f his i nherit a n c e so th a t their new possessors co u l d

n o t a ppro a ch the ma nd so q u ietly g a thered in the w ho l e prod
,

A n d w he n Vir g i l s e n e m
,

u ce ies s a w the fru it so g a t here d

t hey a sse m b l ed a g r ea t po w er a nd c a m
.
,

e to w a rd V ir g il iu s to
t a k e hi ma nd s m ite o ff his he a d a n d w he n the y w ere a sse m
,

b l ed the y w ere so stro ng th a t the e m peror fo r fe a r ed o u t o f

R om
,

e fo r the y w ere t w e l ve se na tors th a t ha d a ll the w orl d n u

der the m; a nd if Virg i l i a s h a d b a d ri ght he ha d b ee n o n e o f
,

t he t w e l v e b u t the y ha d disi nherited hima nd his m

,

other A nd
w he n Vi r g iliu s k n e w o f their co m
, .

i ng he c l osed a ll his l a nds ,

w ith t he a ir ro u nd a b ou t a ll his l a n d th a t n o l i vi ng cre a tu re

mi g ht there co m
,

e i n t o dw e ll a g a i nst his [ Vir g i l s ] w i ll o r pl e a s

u r e
Th is disp u te l ed to sti ll m ore i m porta nt e v e nts The e m
.

pe
r o r took p a rt w ith the se n a tors a n d th e y a ll joi n ed in m
.

a ki n
g
w a r u po n Vir g i l w ho n o t o nly f o u n d s a fety in h is e nc ha nt m
,

e nts
b u t h e a t l e ng th co m pe ll ed the e m peror to restore himt o his
, ,

r i g hts F ro mthis m om e nt Virg i l bec a m e the e m peror s g re a test

f rie n d a nd w a s the fore m

.

ost in a ll his co u nse l s

A fter th a t it h a ppe ned th a t Vir g il iu s w a s e na m
.
,

ore d o f a fa ir
l a d y the fa irest in a ll R o m e Virg i l i o s m a de a cr a f t in n ecro

ma nc y th a t t ol d her a ll his mi nd w hen the l a dy k ne w his mi nd

.
,

she t h o u g ht i n herse l f t o decei v e hi m a nd s a id I f he w i ll co m

,

e
at m
, ,

id ni g ht to the c a stl e w a ll she sho u l d l et do w n a b a sk et w ith

s tro n g cords a nd there to d r a w hi mUp a t her w i ndo w
,

, a nd s o ,

l i e b y her a nd h a ve his pl e a s u re ; a nd w ith this a ns w er w a s

V ir g i l iu s v ery g l a d a nd s a id he shou l d d o it w ith a g ood w i ll
, .

It a p p e a rs th a t the to w er in w hich the l a d y d w e l t w a s o neo f t he

most pu b l ic pl a ces in R ome i mmedi a te ly l ooki ng o ver the ma r
k et a nd th a t it w a s there th a t m
,

a l e f a ctors w ere exhibited t o ub

p
Virg i l w e nt i n the n i ght fou nd the b a sket j u m
,

l ic v ie w ped
i nto it a nd w a s rejoiced a t ndi n g hi m
.
, ,

,
se lf p u ll ed u p w ith no
h esit a ti n g h a nd Bu t w he n the b a sket w a s h a l f w a y u p the
.

t o w er the l a d y w ho ha d no i nte ntio n o f y ie l di ng to his sed u o

t i ons l eft it a nd V ir g i l re m
, ,

, ,
a i ne d in this dis g ra ce fu l p ost u re t o
72 S O R CE RY A ND M AGI C .

b e g a z ed ridic u l ed b y the m
a t a nd u l titu de d u ri ng the w h ol e o f

the fo ll o w i n g d a y u nti l the em p er o r h im s el f i n ter f ered a t w hose

requ est the e nch a nt er w a s re l e a sed fro mhis pe na nc e
, ,

Vir g i l h a ste n ed ho m
.

e bre a th ing n othi n g b u t ve ng e a nce H e

b e g a n b y exti ng u ishi ng a l l the r e in R o m
, .

e exc ept h is o w n
T he R o m a n s soo n fo u n d the i n co nv e n ie n ce o f this m
.

e a s u r e a nd
ma de the ir co mpl a i nt to the e mperor w ho w ent to see k a ssist
,

a tter a t o n c e to l d h imth a t if he w is h ed
,

a n ce o f Vir i l The l
g
fo r re l ie f he m
.
,

u st c a u se the l a d y t o be bro u g ht o u t in a sta te o f

,

n u dity a nd p l a ced in a p u b l ic p a rt o f the city a nd th a t ev ery

R om a n w ho w a n ted r e m
,

u st g o a n d l i g ht his c a n d l e o r t orch

o n her perso n in a m a n ner w hich h a rd ly a d m its o f deta i l ed de

scriptio n She w a s exposed in this m a nn er d u ri n
g three d a ys

d a y w e nt the g e ntl e w o m a n ho m
,
.

a nd a fter the third e sore

a sh a m ed for she k ne w w e ll th a t V ir g il iu s ha d don e th a t vio

,

l e nc e t o
Vir g i l no w m a rrie d a nd a fter h is m a rri a e he b u il t b
g y h i s

ma gic a r t a pa l a ce fo r the e mperor w ith fo u r corners a ns w er

,

i ng to the fo u r qu a rters o f R o m e ; a nd w he n the e m

, ,

peror p la c ed
hi m se l f in a ny o ne o f these corn ers he he a rd a ll th a t w a s s a id ,

in the correspo n di ng q u a rter o f the c ity s o th a t n o secret co u l d

be kept fro m hi m Th u s w a s t he st a te protected a g a i n st d o
,

mest ic e ne mies b u t it w a s requ is ite a l so to gu a rd a ga i nst o u t

.

w a rd foes A nd o n e d a y the e m peror a sked o f V ir g il iu s ho w

t h a t he m i ght m a ke R o m e prosper a nd h a v e m
.

a n y l a nds u n der

the m a nd k no w w he n a ny l a n d w o u l d rise a g a i nst t he m; a nd

V ir g il iu s s a id t o the e m
,

peror I w i ll w ithi n short sp a c e th a t

A n d he m a de u po n the c a pito l i u m th a t w a s the to w n

, , ,

do

ho u se c a rved i m
.
,

a es o f sto n e n d th t he l et c a ll s a l va t io
g a a

R om th a t is to s a y the s a l va tio n o f the c ity o f R o m

, ,

e A nd
he m a de in the co m p a ss a ll the g ods th a t w e c a ll m aw m
, , .

ets a nd
ido l s th a t w ere u n de r the s u bjection o f R o m e ; a nd e a ch o f t he
a t w ere there h a d in his h a n d a be ll a n d in the m
,

g ods th idd l e
o f the g ods he m od of R om
,

a de o n e e A n d w he n soe v e r th a t
g
there w a s a ny l a nd th a t w ou l d m a r a g a i nst R o m
.

a ke a n w e
y
the n w o u ld t he g ods tu rn their b a cks to w a rd the go d o f R o m
,

e
a nd the n the g o d o f t he l a n d th a t w o u l d st a nd u a a i nst R o m e
p g

T his w a s t he mt p p
os t h eleo u l a r of
g en d s r ela t in g t o t he a g ici a n V ir 1, a nd m '

is f r eq u ent l a l lu d ed t o i n o l d w r it ing s T he s t or y i t sef is g ener a y t o d w i t h l ll

m h p m
.

b h
m
co a r s e d e t a i s, et t er su it ed t o t o se t i es t a n t o t he r esent T h e r ea d er a
p mf
.

b e r ef er r ed , fo r a n ex a l e, t o t he a cco u nt o f t his leg end ven in t he P a st i eo

'

ph
Plea s u r eo f S t e en H a w es (s eet heed it ion u lis ed b y t e Per cy S o ci et y. a g ep b h p
T pp p
his st or y w a s t old of H i ocr a t es, or Y ocr as, efor eit w as fa t her ed u p on b
vag a .
 DE S T R UC TI O N O F S A LV A T I O R OM JE . 73

c l i n k ed his be ll s o l o ng th a t he ha d in his h a nd ti ll the se na to r s

of R o m
,

e h e a rd it a nd forth w i t h t h ey w e nt t here a nd s a w w h a t
l a n d it w a s th a t w o u l d w a r a g a i ns t the m a nd so t he y p rep a re d
,

the m a n d w e nt a g a i nst th em a n d s u bd u e d th em
,

This a l so w a s o ne o f the mo s t p o p u l a r o f the l e g e nds re l a ti ng

, , .

t o Vi r g i l the n ecro m a n c er a n d w eca n e a si ly i m a i n e ho w vu l

g
a r c red u l ity i n ve n ted s u ch a be l i ef to exp l a i n the re m i s of
g a n
Rom a n st a t u a r y w hich w ere s t il l v is ib l e i n the m idd l e a g es T he
destr u ctio n o f th e sa lva t io R o m
.

e w a s no t l ess si ng u l a r th a n i t s
ori g i n
This fores a id toke n k n e w the m
.

en o f C a rth a g e t h a t w er e
sore a g g rie v ed for t he g r ea t h a rmtha t the R o m
,

a ns h a d do ne

the m A nd th ey took a pr iv y co u ns e l in w h a t m a nn e r the y

mi g ht destro y th a t w ork T h en tho u gh t the y in their mi nd t o
.

se n d three men o u t a nd g a v e t h emg r ea t m

.

u l titu de o f o l d nd
g a

s i l v er ; a n d the se three m
,

en t o o k their l e a v e o f the l ordes a nd

w e n t to w a rds the city o f R o m e a nd w h en the y w ere co m
,

e to
R om e t he y repor t ed the m se l v es sooths a y ers a nd tr u e dre a m
,

ers
Upo n a ti m e w e nt the s e thr ee m
, .

en t o a hi ll th a t w a s w ithi n t he
c it y a nd there the y b u ried a re at ot of m o n e y er y deep i n t h e
, g p v

ea r th a nd w he n th a t w a s d o ne a nd co v ered a g a i n the y w e nt t o
, ,

the brid g e o f Tiber a nd l et fa ll in a cert a i n p l a ce a g re a t b a r re l

-

A n d w he n this w a s d o n e t hes e three m

,

w ith g o l de n p en ce en
w e nt t o the se n a tors o f R o m
.
,

e a nd s a id Worship fu l l ords w e
ha v e this n i ght dre a m
, , ,

ed th a t w i t hi n the foot o f a hi ll here w ith

in R o m e is a g re a t pot w i t h m
,

on e y ; w i ll y e l ords g r a nt it t o , ,

u s a n d w e sh a ll d o the co st t o seek th ere a ft er ? A nd t he l ord s

co nse nted ; a n d the y took l a borers a nd de l ved the m

,

o ne y o u t
A nd w he n it w a s do n e the y w e nt a nother ti m
,

o f the e a rth e to
W or ship fu l l or d s w e h a v e a l s o dre a m
.
,

t he l ords a nd s a id , ,
ed ,

tha t i n a cert a i n p l a ce o f T iber l ieth a b a rre l fu ll o f g o l de n

p e n c e if th a t yo u w i l l g ra nt to u s th a t w esh a ll go seek it A nd

the l ords o f R o m
, .
,

e thi nki ng no deceit g r a nted to those sooth

sa y ers a n d b a de the md o w ha t the y sho u l d to do their best
, ,

.
,

An d the n t he sooths a y ers w ere g l a d a nd the y hired ships a nd

men a n d w ent to w a rds the p l a ce w here it w a s a nd w he n the y

,

w ere co m
, ,

e there the y so u ght in e ver y p l a ce there a bo u t a nd a t

, ,

t he l a st fo u n d t he b a rre l fu l l o f g o l de n pe nce
. w hereo f the y ,

w ere ri g ht g l a d A nd the n the y g a v e to the l ords co s tly g i fts

. .

W e a n no t h el p eeing h w n t u lly l e end l ik et hi a r e t f t he 6 ra s s os ou o '

s
m
c s o a

q u e n t d isco e ie v frt h es on e l ed t e e co
ac n i en
a t t i e r n d t he
a su r n t a nt e
s o c
o

s, a co s r

co e r y f an t iq i t ie f m h i e t h e T i b e T h e E ng i h ant i q a r y w ill
l
r s as r s u

ll The Th a mes has a lw ays b een r i h t n t hepr od u ce

v o s ur o su c r v .

u nd e r s t a nd t his p e r fe ct l y w e .
c

w hich w ou l d g iver iset o su ch st or ies .

7
74 S O RCE RY A ND M AGI C .

A nd the n , to co heir p u r pos e t he y c a m

me t o t e t o the l ord s a g a i n
m \Vo r s hip fu l l ord s w e h a ve dre a med a ga in
, ,

a n d s a id to the
th a t u nder the fo u nd a tio n o f c a pito l i u m there w here sa lva t io
, ,

R om st a ndeth be t w e l v e b a rre l s fu ll o f g o l d a nd pl e a seth yo u

, ,

l ords th a t yo u w ou l d g ra nt u s the l ice nce it s h a l l be t o y ou r

, ,

re a t a d va nt a g e A n d the l ords s t irred w ith co v eto u s n ess

g
a nted the mbec a u se t w o ti m
.
, ,

r es a fore the y to l d tr u e ; w hereo f

g ,

t he y w ere gl a d a nd g o t l a borers a nd be g a n t o d ig u nder the

f o u nd a t io n o f s a lva t io R om
, ,

e ; a n d w he n the y thou g ht the y h a d

di g g ed e nou g h the y dep a rted fro mR o m
,
e a nd the n ext d a y fo l ,

l o w i ng fe ll th a t ho u s e do w n a nd a l l the w ork th a t V ir g il iu s ha d
ma de A nd s o t he l ords k ne w t h a t the y w ere dec ei ved a nd
,

.
,

w ere sorro w fu l a n d a ft er th a t h a d no fortu n e a s the y ha d a fore

t im
,
"
es .

A fter ha ving co ntri v ed this de fe nc e a g a i n st the o u t w a rd

en e m ies o f R o me V ir g i l w a s desired b y the e m peror to i nv e nt
so m e method o f c l e a r i n g the c ity o f t he nu m
,

ero u s b a nditti w ho
i nfest ed it by n i g ht a n d w ho robb ed a n d m u rdered g re a t n u m

bers o f it s i nh a bit a nts H e a c cordi ng ly m a de i m

,

a es o f co
g p
per a nd the e m
.

,
p eror h a v ing iss u ed a decree th a t no hones t
p peo l e s ho u l d a ppe a r o u t o f t heir ho u ses a ft er a cert a i n ho u r a t

n i g ht these i m a es s w ept thro u

g g h the cit y des t ro y i n g e v ery l iv

A fter a n a tte m
, ,

ing bei ng th a t w a s fo u n d in the streets pt t o

e va de th ese peri l o u s e n e mies the r o bbers w ere a ll ki ll ed or
.

dri v e n a w a y W e c a n e a si ly u ndersta n d ho w t he pop u l a r i m

,

a t io n f or m
.

g in ed l e g e n ds l ike this o n the sc u l ptu res o f bro n z e a nd

o ther m a t eri a l th a t m u st h a v e bee n f requ e n t ly disco v ered a m o ng

t he r u i n s o f a n cie n t R o m e V ir g i l s n ext perfor m a nc e w a s a

Fo r pro t o f the c o m
.

sort o f prototy pe o f the e l ectric l ight

mon peop l e Vir gil iu s o n a gre a t mi ghty ma rb l e pi ll a r did ma k e
.

a b r id g e th a t c a m
, , ,

e u p t o the p a l a c e a nd so w e nt Vir g i l i na w e ll ,

u p the p i l l a r o u t o f the p a l a c e Th a t p a l a ce a nd the pi ll a r stood

in the m idd l e o f R o m e ; a nd u po n th is pi ll a r m he a l a m
.

a de p of
l a ss th a t a l w a y b u r n ed w ithou t oi n ou t a n d nobod y m i ht t
g g g g p u

it o u t ; a nd this l a m p l ig hten ed o v er a l l the city o f R o m e fro m

,

the o ne corner t o the other a n d there w a s not so l ittl e a stre et

b u t it g a v e s u ch a l i ght t h a t it see m
,

m
ed t w o torches there h ad
sta nd A nd u pon the w a ll s o f the p a l a ce m a de he a et a l m an

th a t he l d in his h a nd a m
.

et a l b o w th a t poi nted e ver u po n t he

lam p to shoot it o u t ; b u t a l w a y b u rn ed the l a m p a nd g a v e l i g ht
Th i s w a s o neof t he mt os p opu l a r o f t hee
ly l eg end s r el a t ing t o V ir g i
ar l
I t is .

fou nd i n t he ear ly collect io n of st or ies ent i tl ed t he S even S a g es, a nd fr eq u ent ly

elsew her e .
 VIRGIL A ND T H E S UL T A N S
D A UGHTE R . 75

ov r e a ll R o m e A nd u po n a ti m e w e nt the b u rg esses d a u g hters

t o p l a y i n the p a l a ce a nd the y behe l d the m et a l m

.

a n a nd o ne

o f th e m m
, ,

a sk ed in sport w h he s h ot n ot n d the n she c e to the

y a a

ma n a nd w ith her h a nd to u ched the b o w a nd the n the bolt [a r

,

r o w ] ew O u t a n d br a ke the l a m p th a t V ir g iliu s m
, ,

a de A nd it w a s
w o n der th a t the m a ide n w e n t n o t o u t o f her m
.

i nd fo r the g re a t
f e a r she ha d a n d a l so the other b u rg esses d a u g hte r s th a t w er e

in her co m
,

p a ny o f the g re a t stroke t ha t it g a v e w he n it hit t he

la m p a nd w he n the y s a w the m eta l m
,

a n so s w i ft ly r u n his w a
y
a n d n e v er a fter w a s he n o m ore see n A nd this fores a id l a m
, ,

'
. p
w a s a b yd in g b u r ni ng a fter the de a th o f V ir g iliu s b y the sp a ce o f
t hre e h u ndred y e a rs or m

ore
A fter this Virg i l m a de hi m
.

,
se l f a w onder fu l orch a rd or g a rde n ,

a nd p l a c ed i n it a n extr a ordi n a r y fo u nt a i n w i t h a c e ll a r o r va u l t

m
,

in w hich to store u p his g re a t w e a l th A nd he set t w o eta l

men b e fore the door t o keep it a nd in e a ch h a nd a g re a t ha m
.

mer a nd there w ith the y s mote u po n a n a nvi l o ne a fter the other

,

i ns o m
, , ,

u ch th a t the birds th a t o v er he a reth it a nd b d b

y y a n
y
- -
,

f a ll eth there do w n d e a d ; a nd other w ise ha d V ir g i l i a s no t his

g oo d [ th at is w e a l th
] kept
A n other i m a e m
g a de b y Vir
m
.
,

g i l p rod u ced e ff ects w hich w ere b y n o e a ns a

g ree a b l e to the
Rom a n l a dies in co nsequ e n ce o f w hich his w i fe w e n t secretly

fro mthe nce

,

a nd o v erthre w it ; a nd w he n he disco v ered this ,

f o r th b e g a n V ir g il iu s to h a te his w i fe
The n ext o f Vir g i l s expl oits a ppe a rs to h a ve bee n ta k e n fro m
.

sp m e o neo f the o l d Sp a nish ro m a n ces Virg i l ha d he a rd peopl e

.

sp e a k o fte n o f the be a u t y o f the s u l t a n s d a u g hter a n d he de t er

min ed to possess her By his c u nni ng he ma de a brid g e in

,

.

t h e a ir b y w hich he p a ssed o v er in a n i nst a nt to the s u l t a n s p a l

There he i ntrod u ced hi m se lf i nto the ch a m

,

a ce in B a b yl on be r
o f t he pri n c ess a nd o verc a m e her scr u p l es w ithou t m
.

u ch d iffi

she ne v er s a w himbe fore

,

cu l t y a l tho u g h A t l e ng th b e pre
v a i l e d u po n her to a cco m p a ny himin his retu r n a nd he c a rried
, .

her thro u g h the a ir to his or c h a rd in It aly a nd there he kept her , ,

a s l o n g a s he l iked a nd a fter w a rd rep l a ced her in her bed i n her

The s u l t a n me a n w hi l e m
,

fa th er s p a l a ce issed his d a u g hter a nd

in hi s distress he ha d c a u sed di l i g e nt se a rch to b e m

.
,

a de fo r her

b u t w ithou t su cess w he n he w a s i nfor m

,

ed t h a t she w a s a s l eep
H e w a s o verjoy ed a t her reco v ery a nd ex a m
,

in h er bed i ned
her c l os e ly a s t o the c a u se a nd m
.
,

a nner o f her dis a ppe a r a nce ,

a nd she c o n fessed the w ho l e b u t she neither k n e w w ho ha d ca r

,

r i ed he r a w a y o r w hither she w a s t a k e n It w a s no t l o ng ho w
ever b efo r e Vir g i l c a m
.
, ,

,
e t o see k her a ga in a nd t h en b y her , ,
7G S O R CE RY A ND M A GI C .

m m
.

f a ther s dir ec t i o ns , t he pri n c ess took ho e w ith her s o e o f t he

fr u i t w hi c h her l o v er ha d g i ven her t o ea t , fro w hich the s u l m

t a n c o n c l u d ed t ha t s he ha d b ee n c a rried t o so e p l a ce o n t he m

s id e o f Fr a nc e A ft er s he h a d bee n fr eq u e ntly c a rried a w a y in
m
.

this a n n er , t he s u l t a n , u n d er pr et e nc e th a t he w i s hed t o a s o er
m
t a i n a hen c e her l o v er c a e, p ers u a d ed the pri ncess t o g i v e hi m
a s l eep i n g d r a u g ht , a n d t hu s w a s the intr u der c a ptu re d , a nd t hro w n
-

i nto p r i s o n ; a n d it w a s j u d g ed th a t both he a nd his is t re ss m

s h o u l d be b u r nt fo r t h eir i s d eeds m
W he n V ir g iliu s he a rd o f
m
.

this , he a d e w i t h his c u nn i ng the s u l ta n a nd a ll his l o rds t hi nk

th a t t he g r ea t ri ver o f B a byl o n w a s r u n in the
"
idd l e o f m
m m
th e , a nd t ha t t hey s w a a nd l a y a nd spru ng l ike du ck s , a n d
m
th u s to o k V i r g i l iu s w i t h hi t he f a ir l a d y u po n the bri d g e in th e
a ir A n d w h en t h ey w ere bo t h u po n the brid g e , he de l i ver ed
m
.

the s u l t a n fr o t he ri v er , a nd a ll the l ords , a nd the n the y s a w

Virg i l i o s c a rry a w a y h is d a u g hter o ver the s ea u po n a brid g e in
m
the a ir , w h er eo f h e a r vell ed a nd w a s v ery sorry , a nd w i st no t
w h a t t o d o , fo r he c o u ld no t re ed y it m
A nd in this a n ner did m
m
.

he co n v ey t he s u l t a n s d a u g hter o ver the s ea t o R o e A nd Vir

m
.

il i u s w a s s o r e ena o re d o f th a t l a d y The n he tho ht i n h i

g u g s
m m m m
.

i n d ho w h e i g ht a rr y her , a nd tho u g ht in his i nd t o fo u n d

i n the m
i d s t o f t he s ea a fa ir to w n w ith g re a t l a n ds be l o ng i ng t o
it ; a nd so he d i d b y his cu n n i ng , a nd c a ll ed it Na p l es ; a n d t he
fo u n d a t i o n o f i t w a s o f e g g s 1 A n d in th a t to w n o f Na p l es he
'

m
.

a de a t o w er u it h fo u r c or n e rs , a nd o n the t o he set a n a pp l e
p
u po n a n i r o n y a rd
[ ]
r o d , a nd no a n co u l d p u l l a m
w a y th a t a pp l e
w i t ho u t he br a k e it ; a nd t hro u g h t ha t iro n set he a b o ttl e , a n d O i l
th a t b o t t l e s et he a n eg g ; a nd he h a ng ed the a pp l e by the s ta l k
u po n a ch a i n , a n d s o ha n eth it sti ll
g A n d w he n the e gg
. stir
r eth , s o s ho u l d t he t o w n o f Na pl es q u a ke ; a nd w he n t he eg g
br a ke , the n s ho u l d t he t o w n si nk W he n he ha d a de a n end , . m
he l et c a ll it Na p les A n d i n this to w n he l a id a p a rt o f his
.

tre a su re th a t h e l n d ther ei n ; a nd a l so set therei n his l o ver , t he

fa ir l a d y t h e s u lt a n s d a u ghter ; a nd he g a v e to her the to w n o f

Na pl es , a nd a l l t he l a nds thereto be l o ng i ng , t o her u se a nd her

chi l dre n .

W i t h s u ch a do w er it i s not to be w o n dered if th e l a d y so on
,

The Nil e T he B byl n i n w h i h t he lt ns d w elt w as b l d C iro B a bylo n
. a o c su a a
p
,
0f Eg y t .

p
1 T h e fo u nd a t io n o f t he c it y o f Na l es u po n eg g s, a nd t heeg g o n w hich i t s fa t e
p m l
d e en d ed , s ee t o h a v e b een eg end s g ener a y cu r r ent in t he id d le a g es ll m ey Th
m
.

a r e s a id s t i ll
t o ex is t a o ng t he l a z z a r o ni B y t hes t a t u t es of t heo r d er o f t hes a int
p m
.

E s r it a u d r o i t d es ir in s t it u t ed i n 1 352 (M o nt fa u co n, M o nu ens dela M o n F n , vol

, . .

ii , p h
a c a pte r o f t he k n i t h
s w as a ppoint e d t b e hel d ll i t e
ll
m g o a nnu a y n ca s o
m
. .

o t nc a u t a t i i n ir a b i l i p er icu lo .
 VI RGI L S
SERPENT . 77

fo u nd a h u sb a nd a nd a ccordi ngl y Vir gil g a ve her in m

, a rri a e t o
g
a c ert a i n l ord o f Sp a i n w hose co u r a e w a s u t to the tri a l in de
g p
f e n di ng the to w n a g a i nst the e m
,

peror w ho ha d a g re a t fa nt a sy
t o it a n d ha d bro u ght a po w er fu l a r m
,

y t o sei z e u po n it by force
B u t Virg il de f e a ted himw ith his e n ch a nt m
, .

e nts a n d w he n he
h a d sec u red the pl a ce a nd dri v e n the em
,

peror a w a y the n r e
t u r n ed he a g a i n to R o m
,

e a nd f etc h ed his books a nd other r e

mo ve a bl e g oods a nd b rou g ht the mt o Na pl es a nd l et his g ood
,

, ,

a l o n e th a t he ha d sh u t in the ce ll a r a nd his d w e ll i n he a ve t o
, g g
hi s frie nds to kee p a nd his d w e ll i ng p l a ces a nd s o d ep a rted t o
-

There he m a de a school a nd g a v e thereto m

, ,

Na p l es .
, u c h l a n ds ,

t h a t e v e r y scho l a r a bidi ng a nd g oi ng to schoo l h a d l a n d to l i v e

o n o f the to w n a nd the y th a t a v e u p the schoo l l o s t t h e l a nd
g
A nd t here c a m e m a ny fro mT o l edo to s choo l
, .

A nd w he n he
h a d ord a i n ed the to w n w e ll w ith scho l a rs the n m a de he a w a r m
.

b a th th a t e ver y m an m i ght b a the himi n th a t w o u ld ; a n d t h a t

,

b a th is there to this ti m
,

e a n d it w a s the rst b a th th a t e v er w a s
A nd a fter this he m m
.
,

a de a bri d e the f a ir est th a t e v e r a n sa w

g
a n d there m i g ht m en see a ll m
, ,

a nn er o f f a ir s hips th a t b el o n ed
g
to m erch a ndise a nd a l l other th i ng s o f the s ea A nd t h e to w n
, .

i n those d a y s w a s the fa irest a n d nob l est in a ll the w orl d A nd .

i n this s c hoo l a fores a i d did V ir g il iu s r ea d [th a t is l ectu re u po n]

t he g re a t c u nn i ng a nd scie n ce o f n ecro m
,

a ncy fo r he w a s the ,

c u n ni n g est th a t e v er w a s a fore o r a ft er in th a t s c ie n c e A nd .

w ithi n short sp a ce his w i fe died a nd sh e ha d n e v er n o chi l dre n

b y hi m A n d m oreo ver a bo v e a ll m
,

en he l o v ed scho l a r s a n d
ave m u ch m
.
, ,

g o n e y to b u y books w i t h al

Vi rg i l see m s new to h a v e bee n re c o n c i l ed w ith the em

.

peror
f o r he m a d e fo r hi m a s erpe nt o f m
,

et a l t o w hi ch he g a ve su ch a
a n d i n it s m
,

l ity th t n n e w h t his h o u t h a nd s w ore

q u a a a y o o
p u

f a l se ly w o u l d h a v e it bitte n o ff ; b u t i f h e s w ore t he tru th he

A t l a st a w o m
,

w o u l d w ithdr a w it u n i nj u red . a n a cc u se d o f a du l
t er y decei v ed Vir g i l a nd his serp ent b y a n a r t fu l t r i c k w h i c h is
f o u nd repe a ted in Trist a n a nd s o m e other s o f t h e med i ev a l r o
,

ma n ces Sh e a rra ng e d th a t her l o ver sho u ld b e t h er e d i s g u i s ed

.

a s a foo l a nd the n bo l d ly thr u s ti ng h er h a n d i nto t he s er p ent s

'

mo u th she s w ore th a t she ha d n o more s i nn ed w it h t he ma n

, ,

w ho w a s a c c u sed of bei ng her p a r a m

,

o u r th a n w i t h th a t f oo l

V irg i l in a ng er a g a i nst w o m
.

,
a n ki nd br o k e t h e s er p en t t o pie c es
,
.

Virg i l s de a th w a s qu ite a s extra or d i na r y a s his l i fe

A nd
a fter this m
.

a de Vir i l i a s a g ood ly c a s tl e th a t h a d b u t o n e g oi n g
g
m m
,

in thereto a n d
,
n o a n i g ht n o t e n ter i n ther eto b u t a t t h e o ne
*
7
78 S O RCE RY A ND M A GI C .

t e or e l se n o t A nd a l so a bo u t t he s a m e ca s t l e o w e d t h e r e
g a

a w a ter a nd it w a s i m m
.
,

p ossib l e for an
y a n t her e t o h a v e a n
y
A nd this c a s t l e stoo d w itho u t the c ity o f R o m
,

ent eri ng e A nd
t his e nteri ng o f this g a te w a s m
. .

a de w ith t w e nty fou r i r on fl a i ls -

a n d o n e v ery side w ere there t w e l v e m

,

en o n ea c h s id e s t ill a
p i ece s m iti ng w ith the a ils n e ver c e a s i ng t he o ne a ft er t he
o ther ; a nd no m an m i g ht co m
, ,

e in w ithou t t he fla i ls st ood st i ll

A nd these a il s w ere m
, ,

b u t he w a s s l a i n a d e w it h su c h a

ntri v a n ce ] th a t V ir g il iu s s t opped the mw he n he l is t t o e

.

[ co n t e r
i n there a t b u t no m , a n e l se co u l d nd the w a
y A n d i n t hi s .

ca s t l e pu t V i r g i l i a s p a rt o f his tre a s u r e pri v i ly ; a nd w h e n t hi s

w a s do n e b e i m a g i n ed i n his m i nd b y w h a t m ea n s h e m
,

ig ht
ma k e hi mse lf yo u ng a ga i n bec a u se he tho u ght t o l i ve lo ng er
, ,

ma ny y e a r s t o do ma ny w o nders a nd ma r v e ll o u s t h ings And

,

u po n a ti m e w ent Virg i l i na t o the e m p er o r a nd a s k ed himo f

.
,

B u t t he em
,

l ice n se [ o f a bse n ce ] b y the sp a ce o f three w eeks

o w ise w o u l d g r a nt it u nt o him fo r he w o u l d h a ve
.

p e r or i n n
V ir g il i u s a t a ll ti m es by him The n he a rd he t ha t V ir g il i na
,
,

w e nt to his hou se a n d too k w i t h h imo n e o f hi s m

.

en t h a t he
a bo v e a ll m
,

en tru sted a n d k n e w w e ll th a t h e w o u l d b est kee p

hi s co u n se l ; a nd t he y dep a rted t o his c a st l e t ha t w a s w i thou t
t he to w n a nd w he n the y w ere a f ore t h e c a stl e ther e s a w t he
men sta nd w ith iron a ils in their ha nds sore smiti ng Then
, , ,

V ir g il iu s s a id to h is m
.

an E nt er yo u rst i nto the c a stl e Th en

a n s w ered the m
.
,

a n a nd s a id I f 1 sho u l d e nter the a il s w ou l d

sla y m The n sho w ed V ir g iliu s to the m

, ,

e a n of e a ch si d e t he

.

enteri n g in a nd a ll the vices [ s c re w s ] th a t thereto be l o nged ; a nd

w he n he ha d sho w n hima l l t he w a y s he m
,

a d e ce a s e t he a il s , ,

a nd w e n t i n to t he c a st l e A nd w he n the y w ere both in V ir g il

.
,

iu s tu r n ed the v ic e s a g a i n a nd so w e nt the iro n a il s as they,

did a fore The n s a id V ir g il iu s M y de a r b e l o ved fr ie nd a nd he

tha t I a bo v e a ll m en t r u st a nd k n o w m ost o f m
.
, ,

y secret s a n d
t he n l et he the m a n i nto the c e l l a r w here he ha d m
,

a d e a fa ir

la m
,

p a t a l l se a so n s b u rni ng A nd the n s a id V ir g i l i na t o t he
ma n See yo u t he b a rre l th a t sta nde t h here A nd he sa id
.

Ye m m m m m
, ,

u st
p u t e t here ; rst y e u st s l a y e a n d h e w e
sm my he a d in fou r pieces a nd sa lt t he
,

a ll to pieces a nd cu t

h ea d u nder in the bott o m a n d the n the pi eces t here a fter a nd

, ,

my he a rt in the mi dd l e a nd the n set the b a rrel u nder t he l a mp

, ,

t h a t n i ht a nd d a y t h erei n m
, ,

g a
y drop a n d l eke ; a n d y e sh a l l n i n e
d a y s lo ng o nc e in the d a y ll the l a m p a nd fa i l no t ; a nd w he n
this is a ll don e the n sh a ll I b e re n e w ed a nd m
,

a de y o u n i n
g g a a

m m m m
, ,

a nd l i ve l o n ti e d ny w i n t ers ore i f th t i t for t n e e

g a n a a u ,
 VI RGIL S D E A T H
. 79

to b et a ke n bov e a nd die of A nd w he n the m a n h e a rd

no t a

his m
.

a ster V ir g il iu s s pe a k th u s he w a s sore a b a shed a nd s a id

T h a t w i ll I n e v er w hi l e I l i v e fo r in n o ma nner w i ll I s l a y yo u
, , ,

Y e a t this ti m e m
, .

T h e n s a id V ir g il iu s u st d o it f o r it s h a l l be

A nd a t l a s t V ir g iliu s e ntre a ted h is m

, ,

n o g ri e f u nto yo u

a n so

mu ch th a t he conse nted to him a nd the n the serva nt took Vir

.

a s a n d s l e w hi m a nd w he n he w a s th u s s l a i n he he w ed
,

g i l i
h imin pieces a n d s a l ted himin the b a rre l a nd cu t his he a d in
, , ,

f o u r pieces a s hi s m a ster b a de him a nd the n

, ,

p u t the he a rt i n

t he m idd l e a nd s a l ted th e mw e ll a nd w he n a l l this w a s do n e

,

h e h u n g the l a m p ri g ht o v er the b a rre l th a t it m i ght a t a ll ti m

, ,

es ,

d r op in thereto A n d w he n he ha d do n e a ll this he w e n t o u t o f
t h e c a stl e a n d t u rn ed t h e v i ces a nd the n w e nt the copper m
.
,

en
sm
,

iti ng w ith their a il s a s stro n g ly u po n the iro n a nv i l s a s the y

d id be fore th a t t here d u rst n o m a n e n ter ; a n d he c a m e e v er y
d a y to the c a stl e a n d l l ed the l a m p a s V ir g il iu s h a d b a de him
,

A nd a s the e m peror mi ssed V ir g il i u s b y the sp a ce o f se v e n

.
,

d a y s he m a r v e ll ed re a t ly w here he sho u l d be beco m e b t

, g ; u

V i r g il iu s w a s k i ll ed a n d l a id in the ce ll a r b y his serva nt t h a t

h e l o v ed s o w e ll A n d the n t he e m peror thou ght in his m i nd
t o a s k V ir gil iu s s ser v a nt w here V ir g il iu s his m
.

a ste r w a s ; a n d s o

h e did fo r he k n e w w e ll th a t V ir g il iu s l o ved hima bo v e a l l m en

The n a ns w ered t he serv a nt t o the e m
,

i n the w or l d . peror a n d ,

s a id W orship fu l l ord a nd it p l e a se y o u r gr a ce I w o t no t w here

he is fo r it is se v e n d a y s p a st th a t I s a w himl a st ; a nd the n
, , ,

w e nt he forth I c a n no t te l l w hither fo r he w o u l d n o t l et m
,

e go
w ith h im The n w a s the e m
,

.

peror a n g ry w ith th a t a ns w er a nd ,

s a id T ho u l iest fa l se thie f th a t t ho u a r t ; b u t w itho u t tho u

sho w m
, ,

e shortly w here he i s I sh a ll p u t thee t o de a th W ith

thos e w ords w a s the ma n a b a she d a nd s a i d W orship fu l l ord

.
,

s e v e n d a y s a go I w e nt w i t h h imw itho u t the to w n t o the c a st l e

, , ,

a n d there he w e nt in a n d there I l e ft him for he w o u l d no t l et

,

me in w ith him The n s a id the e mperor Go w ith me t o t he

, ,

sa m e c a s t l e a nd so he did ; a nd w he n the y c a m
,
.

e a f ore the
c a st l e a nd w o u l d h a v e e nt ered the y m i g ht no t bec a u se the a ils
sm ote so fa s t The n s a id the e m
, ,

peror M a ke a ppe a s e t hese

a il s th a t w e m co m a n s w ered the m
.
,

a
y e in The n an

I k no w

The n s a id the e m
.
,

not t he w a y .

peror T he n s h a l t tho u die ,
.

A nd the n thro u g h the fe a r o f de a th he tu r n ed the v i c es a nd

ma de the a ils sta nd sti ll ; a nd then the e mp eror e ntered into
, ,

the ca stl e w ith a ll his fo l k a nd so u g ht a l l a bo u t in e v ery cor ner ,

A im il r md e f en ti n n t n f e ent ly i n m ed i ev a l t a les a nd u
s a o o
qr o va o occ u r s o u r

leg end s I t s eem

. s t o h a e ha d i t ig i n in t hecl i c s t o y of M e
v d ea
s or a ss r .
80 SO R CE RY A ND M A GI C .

af ter Vir g il iu s a nd a t t he l a st the y sou ght so l ong t h a t t hey

ca m e i nto t he ce ll a r w here the y s a w the l a m
,

p h a n g o v e r t he
b a rre l w here Vir g il iu s l a y i n d eed Th en a s k ed the e m peror
t he m a n w ho h a d m a d e h imso h a r d y t o s m
.
,

p u t h i a ster V ir
g iliu s

s o to de a th ; a nd the m a n a n s w er ed n o w ord to the e m

,

peror
A nd the n the em
.

p eror w ith g r ea t a n g er d re w o u t his s w ord

a nd s l e w he there V ir g il iu s m
, , ,

A nd w h en a l l t his w a s d o n e

an

t he n s a w the e m p eror a nd a l l his fo l k a na k ed chi l d t h r ee ti m

,
.

es
C u r s ed be t h e ti m
,

r u nn i n g a bo u t the b a rre l s a y i n g t h e w ords e

t ha t y e c a m
, ,

e e v er h ere A nd w ith t ho s e w ords v a nis h ed the

chi l d a w a y a n d w a s n e v er s ee n a g a i n ; a nd thu s a bode V ir g il
Th en w a s t h e e m
,

i u s i n the b a rre l d e a d ,
. peror v ery he a vy for
t h e de a th o f V i r g il i a s a n d a l s o a l l V ir g il iu s ki n dred a nd a l so

, ,

a l l the scho l a rs th a t d w el t a bo u t t he to w n o f Na p l es a nd in ,

especi a l the t o w n o f Na p l es fo r b ec a u s e th a t V ir g il iu s w a s the

f ou nder thereo f a n d m
,

a d e it o f r ea t w or shi T he n tho u ht
g p g
t he e m
.
,

peror t o ha v e t h e g o ods a nd ri ches o f V ir g il iu s b u t there

w e r e n o n e s o h a rd y tha t d u r s t c o m e in to fet ch it fo r f e a r o f the
C opper m en th a t s m
,

o t e so f a st w ith t heir iron a il s ; a nd so

a bides V ir il iu s s t re a su re in the c ell a r

g .

C H A P T E R V II .

T HE LA T E R ME D V
I E AL T Y P E S O F T H E M A G I C I A N F R I A R
BA C O N A ND DR FA U S T U S . .

W E h a v e se en t he ty p e o f t h e ma g i c i a n a s it w a s for m ed a t a n
ea rl y period a n d in a p a rtic u l a r l oc a l i t y a n d cir cu m st a n c es
Vir g i l t he e n ch a nt er w a s t he c r ea t io n o f t h e p o p u l a r i m
, .

a i n a t io n
g
t o repre s en t it s n o t i o n o f t h e w o n d er s o f a n c ien t s cie nc e a n d a r t .

a ntiqu it y . m
I t w a s the ty pe o f t h e s o r c er er a s it a ro s e o u t o f t h e w reck o f
B u t t h e i d d l e a g e s w a nt ed a t y pe o f i t s o w n ti m e ,

w hich shou l d repr es en t a c c o rdi n g t o t h e n oti o n s o f t he vu l g a r

, .
,

t h e co n scio u s n e s s o f th a t ex tr a o rdi na ry s c i en c e w hich w a s p r o

d u ci ng pre s e n t w o nd er s Thi s it s o o n fo u n d in o n e o f the g re a t
.

est o f its o w n scho l a s tic s t he c el ebr a t ed R o g er B a co n

S o n a t u r a lly w a s t h e n o t i o n o f m
, .

a i c c o nn e c t e d w i t h th a t of
g
s perior l ea r n i g
u n i n t h e m i nd o f t he m u t i t u d e t h a t fe
l w o f t he
a t s c ho l a rs o f the m m
,

g re i dd l e a
g es es c a p ed t h e i p u t a t io n P rob
a b ly in their o w n ti m
.

e R og er B a co n a nd G ro s s ete ste a nd
, , ,
 F R IA R B A C O N . 81

o t he s ,
r m
enjo y ed t he s a e r ep u t a t io n in t hi s r es p ec t a s t he or e m
a n c i en t G er b er t T hi s w a s t h e c a s e w it h B a co n es p eci a lly ,
m m
.

w ho d ev o t ed hi s el f s o u c h t o p r a c t ic a l s c i en c e, a n d w h o s e

m
c he ic a l di s co v eri es (su c h a s t ha t o f gu np o w d er ) h is O p t ic a l
m
,

l a ss es , a n d hi s ec h a n i c a l co nt r i v a n c es , w er e t h e w o n d er o f
g
t he t h irt eent h c ent u r y A few o f t he g enu i n e t r a di t i o n s r el a t i n g
m
.

t o hi a r e fo u n d s c a t t er ed in o l d w r i t i n g s s u ch a s t ha t of t he
,

br a z en hea d , a nd o t her s co nn ec t ed w i t h his g l a s s es O ne o f

m m m
.

t he t ell s u s o f F ri a r B a co n s (a s h e w a s u su a lly t er ed ) c o

m
p a ct w i t h t he ev i l o n e, a n d t h e a r t fu l a nn er in w hi ch he eva
d ed it . m
I t i s s a id t ha t his a g r ee ent st i p u l a t ed t ha t h e w a s t o
b el on g t o t he d ev i l a ft er his d ea t h , if h e d i ed in t h e c hu r c h o r
o u t o f it ; b u t t he w i ly m a ici a n , w h en h e fel t h i s en d a p p r o a c h
g

m
i n g , c a u s ed a c ell t o b e a d e in t he w a l l o f t h e c hu r c h w her e ,

h e di ed a n d w a s b u ri ed , n ei t her in t h e c hu r ch n o r w i t ho u t , a n d
t hu s t he end w a s c hea t ed o f hi s p r ey
m
.

W hen , in t he s ix t eent h c ent u ry , t h e s t u dy o f a g ic w a s pu r

s u ed w i t h i n c r e a s ed z e a l , t he c e l eb r i t y o f F r i a r B a c o n b ec a e m
m or e p o p u l a r , a nd w a s sprea d w id er ; a n d n o t o nly w er e t h e t r a
d i t io n s w o r k ed u p i n t o a pop u l a r b o o k , en t i t l et T he H i s t o r y o f

m
F ri a r B a co n , b u t o neo f t h ed r a a t i s t s o f t he a g e, R o b er t G r eene,
m
fo u n d ed u po n t he a p l a y , w hic h w a s o ft en a ct ed a nd o f w h ic h ,

t h er e a r e s ev er a l edi t io n s . T he g r ea t er p a r t o f t he hi s t o ry o f
F ri a r B a co n , a s fa r a s it r el a t ed t o t ha t c el eb r a t ed p er s o n a g e, is
ev id ent ly t h e i nv en t ion o f t h e w r i t er , w ho a p p ea r s t o h a v e l i v ed
m
in t h e t i e o f Q u een E l i z a b et h ; h e a d o p t ed s o e o f t h e o l d er m
t r a d i t io n s , a nd ll ed u p his n a rr a t i ve w i t h fa b l es t a k en fr o t he m
co mm o n st o ry b o o k s o f t he a g e W e a r e h er e fi r s t a d e a c
-
. m
a i n t ed w i t h t w o o t h e r l e e n d a r y c o nj u r er s F r i a rs Bu n a y
g
q u g
m
,

a nd V a n de r a s t ; a n d t her e ci t a l is enl i v ened w i t h t he p r a nk s o f

B a co n s s er v a nt M i l es

.

A c cordi ng t o t hi s l eg end a ry hi st o r y R o g er B a co n w a s t he s o n
o f a w ea l t hy fa r m
,

er in t he w est o f E ng l a n d w ho h a d pl a c ed h is
,

so n w i t h t he p a ri s h p r i e s t t o g a i n a l i t t l e s ch o l a r s h i T h e b
p o
y.

s o on s ho w ed a n e x t r a o rdi na r y a bi l i t y fo r l ea r ni n g w hi ch w a s en
co u r a g ed b y t h e p r i es t b u t w h ic h w a s ex t r em
,

ely d is a g r eea b l e t o
t he f a t her w ho i nt end ed hi mfo r n o o t h er
,

r o fes s i o n b u t t h a t o f
p
Y o u ng B a co n ed fr o mho m
,

t he p l o u g h e a n d t o o k hel t er in a
s
mo na s t ery w her e he foll o w ed his s t u d i es t o his hea r t s c o nt ent
.
,

nt t o c o m pl et e t h ema t O x fo r d T her e he
, ,

a nd w a s event u a lly s e

ma d e hi msel f a p ro ci ent in t he o c cu l t s c ien c es a nd a t t a i ned t o

.

t he hi g h es t pro ci en c y in m
.

a ic A t l en t h h e ha d a n o or t u
g .
.

g pp
nit y o f e x hibi t i ng hi s s ki ll b efo r e t h e co u r t a nd t h e a cco u nt o f
,
82 S O R C E RY A ND M AGIC .

his ex pl o i t s on t h s occ a s io n m
i b e i ve n a s a sa m p l e o f t h e
a
y g
s t yl e o f t hi s qu a i nt o l d hi s t o r y
T he ki ng b ei n g in O x fo rd sh ir e a t a nob l em
.

a n s ho u s e w a s

ry d es ir o u s t o s ee t hi s fa m ar d m
,

ve o u s f ri a r fo r h e ha d he a ny

t im
,

es o f hi s w o ndro u s t hi ng s t ha t he ha d do ne b y his a r t t her e

fo r e he s ent o ne fo r himt o d es ir e himt o co m
,

e t o t he c o u rt
F ri a r B a co n ki ndly t ha nk ed t he k i ng b y t he m
. .

es s eng er a nd s a id ,

t ha t he w a s a t t he ki n g s s er vic e a nd w o u l d su dd e nly a t t e nd

h im m m
,

; b u t s
,
i r ,
s a

i t h h e t o t h e g en t l e a n I pr a y a k e y o u h a s t e , ,

or e l s e I sha ll b e t w o ho u r s b efor e yo u a t t he co u rt Fo r a ll

y o u r l ea rni ng a ns w er ed t he g ent l em
.

an I ca n ha rd ly b el i eve

t hi s fo r s c ho l a r s o l d m en a nd t r a v ell er s m
, ,

i a u t ho r i t

, , ,
a
y l e b y y , .

T o st reng t hen y o u r b el i ef s a id F ri a r B a co n I co u l d pr es ent ly

,

,

,

s ho w o u t he l a s t W e nc h t ha t yo u w er e w i t ha l b u t I w i ll no t a t
y
t his t i m O ne i s a s t r u e a s t he o t her s a id t he g ent l em
,

e

an

Y o u sha l l s ee t hembo t h
.
, ,

a nd I w o u l d l a u g h t o s e e ei t her

for e m
.

w i t hi n t h es e fo u r ho u r s qu o t h t he fri a r a n d t her e a ke

I W i ll pr event t ha t b y m
, ,

w ha t ha s t e yo u c a n p e e d id h e

y s sa t
m
.
,

e n t l e a n a nd w i t h t ha t he rid h is w a b u t h e rod e o u t o f hi s
g y ;
w a y a s it s ho u l d s eem fo r h e ha d b u t v e m
,

i l es t o rid e a nd yet
w a s he b et t er t h a n t hr ee ho u r s a r idi ng t hems o t ha t F ri a r B a co n
, , ,

by his a r t w a s w i t h t he ki ng b efore he c a m
,

e
T he ki ng ki ndly w el co m ed hi m a nd s a id t ha t hel o ng t i m
.

e
ha d d es i r ed t o s ee himfo r he ha d a s yet n o t hea rd o f his l ik e
,

F r i a r B a con a n s w ered hi mt ha t fa m e ha d b el i ed hima nd g i ven

.
,

himt ha t r epor t t ha t his poor s t u di es ha d never d es er ved fo r he

, ,

b el i eved t ha t a r t ha d m a ny s o n s m or e exc ell ent t ha n hi m

,

se lf
w as T he ki n g co m mend ed himfo r his mod est y a nd t o l d him
t ha t no t hi ng c o u l d b eco m e a w i se m
.
,

an le s s t ha n bo a s t i n g : b u t

y e t w i t h a l h e r e q u e s t e d h i m n o w t o b e n o n i gg a rd o f h i s k n o w l
ed g e b u t t o s ho w his q u een a n d h imso m
, eo f hi s s ki ll I w ere .

w or t hy o f n ei t her a r t no r k no w l ed e q u o t h F ri a r B a co n h o l d

g s u
I d eny y o u r m s t y t hi s s m
, ,

aj e a l l r eq u e s t ; I pr a y s e a t y o u rs e l ves
my poor ski ll ca n p erform
,

a nd h ll e e p r e e ly h
y ou s a s s n t w a t
T he ki ng qu een a nd nob l es s a t t hema l l do w n
.

, , ,
T hey ha vi ng .

s o do n e t he fri a r w a v ed hi s w a nd a nd pr e s en t l y w a s he a rd

ll ent m t ha t t hey w er e a l l a m
, ,

s u c h exc e u s ic , a z ed fo r t hey a ll ,

s a id t he y a d never hea rd t he l ik e T hi s is s a id t he fri a r

,

t o d el i h t he s ens e o f hea ri n I w i ll d el i ht a ll y o u r o t h er
.
,

g g g ,

se ns es er e o u d ep a rt hen c e S o a vi n h i d i h r

y w g s w a n a g a n t e e
w a s l o u d er m
.
,

u s ic he a rd a n d pr es e nt ly ve d a nc er s e nt er ed t he
r s t l ik e a co u rt l a u ndr es s t he s eco nd l ik ea foo t m
, ,

,
a n t h e t hird ,

l i k e a u su r er t he fo u r t h l ik e a prodi g a l t he ft h l ik e a foo l
, , .
 B A CON A T C O U RT .
33

Thes e d id d i ver s exc ell ent cha ng es ,

so t ha t t he
cont ent t o y g a ve

a l l t h e b eho l d er s a n d ha vi n do n e t he ir d a nc e t hey a ll v a n i s he d
g
r a s t hey c a m
,

a w a y i n t heir or d e e in T hu s fea s t ed he t w o o f .

t heir s en s es T hen w a v ed he his w a n d a g a i n a nd t her e w a s

a no t h er ki nd o f m
.
,

u s ic hea r d a n d w hi l e it w a s p l a y i n t h e r e
g
w a s s u dd enly b efor e t h em a t a b l e ri c hly co ver ed w i t h a ll s or t s
, ,

o f d el ic a ci es T hen d es ired he t he k i ng a n d q u een t o t a s t e o f

so m
.

e c ert a in r a r e fru i t s t h a t w er e o n t he t a b l e w hic h t h ey a n d ,

t he n ob l es t her e pr es ent d id a n d w er e v ery hi g hly p l ea s ed w i t h

,

t he t a s t e; t hey b ei ng s a t i s ed a l l v a n i s hed a w a y o n t he su d d en
, .

Then w a ved b e his w a nd a g a i n a nd s u dd enly t here w a s su c h a

sm ell a s if a ll t h e ric h p er fu m
,

es in t he w ho l e w orl d ha d b een
t hen pr ep a r ed in t he b es t m t t h emo u t
,

a n n er t ha t a r t c o u l d s e

W hi l e he f ea s t ed t hu s t hei r s m
.

ell i n g he w a v ed hi s w a n d a g a i n
a nd t her e c a m
, .

e di v er s na t io ns in su n d ry ha bi t s a s R u s s i a ns Po
l a n d er s I ndi a ns A r m
, ,

,
eni a n s a l l b r i n g i n g s u nd ry k i n d s o f f u r s
, , ,

s u c h a s t heir c o u nt r i e s yie l d ed a ll w h ic h t hey pr es en t ed t o t he

,

ki n g a n d qu een T hes e fu r s w ere s o s o ft t o t he t ou c h t ha t

t hey hi g hly p l ea s ed a l l t ho s e t ha t ha nd l ed t hem T hen a ft er
.
,

so m e o dd fa nt a s t ic d a nc es a ft er t heir co u nt ry m
.
,

a n ne r t hey va n
i ehed a n a y T hen a s k ed F ri a r B a co n t he ki ng s m
, ,

aj e s t y if t ha t

he d es ir ed a n y m
.

or e o f his s k i ll T he ki ng a n s w ered t ha t he
w a s f u lly s a t i s ed fo r t ha t t i m
.

e a nd t ha t he o nly n o w t ho u g ht o f
so m et h i ng t ha t he m i ght b es t o w o n himt ha t m
,

i ght p a rt ly s a t i s fy
,

t he ki nd n ess t h a t h e ha d r ec ei v ed F ri a r B a co n s a id t ha t he
d es i red n o t hi ng s o m u c h a s h is m
.

aj e s t y s l o v e a nd if t ha t h e

mi ght b e a s s u r ed o f t ha t he w o u l d t hi nk hi ms el f ha ppy in it
,

.
,

Fo r t ha t s a id t he k i ng b e t ho u ever su r e o f i t i n t o k en o f

w h ic h r ec ei v e t hi s j ew el a nd w i t ha l g a v e h ima co s t ly j ew el
, , ,

f ro mh is neck
,

T h e fri a r d id w i t h g r ea t r ev er enc e t ha nk h is
maj es t y a n d s a id A s yo u r maj es t y s va ssa l yo u sha ll ever nd
.

mer ea dy t o do yo u s erv ic e; y ou r t i me o f n eed sha ll nd it bo t h

, ,

b ene ci a l a nd d el i g ht fu l Bu t a m o ng a l l t hes e g ent l em en I

s ee n o t t he m or m
.

a n t ha t y o u r
g r a c e did s e n d f e b y ; s u r e h e
h a t h l o s t his w a y or el s e m et w i t h s o m e s p ort t ha t d et a i n s h im
s o l o ng ; I pro m i s ed t o b e her e b efor e him a nd a l l t hi s n oble a s
,

s em m g m a r hi m
,

b ly ca n w i t n es s I a a s ood a s y w ord I h e
co m i ng W i t h t ha t ent er ed t he g ent l em

a n a ll b e d ir t ed fo r he
h a d rid t hr o u g h di t c hes q u a g m
.
, ,

ir es p l a shes a n d w a t er s t ha t he
w a s in a m
, , , ,

o s t pi t i fu l c a s e H e s eei ng t he fr i a r t h er e l ook ed
.
, ,

ll
fu a n g ri ly a n d bid a p l a
g u e o n a l l h i s d e v i l s fo r t h e y h a d l e d
m m m
, ,

hi o u t o f h i s w a
y a n d a l ,
o s t dro w n e d h i B e n o t a n g r y .
,

s i r
,

s a id F ri a r B a c o n h e r e i,
s a n o l d f ri en d o f y o u r s t h a t h a t h
84 S O R C E R Y A ND M A GIC .

m or e c a u s e f o r s h e h a t h t a rri e d t h es e t h r ee h o u r s fo r
y ou

m
,

w h i t t h a t h e p u ll e d u
p t h e h a n g i n g s a n d b eh i n d t h e s t ood a

ki t c hen ma id w i t h a b a s t i ng l a d l e in her ha nd no w a mI a s
,

- -

ood as m w ord w i t h yo u f o r I pr o m i se d t o hel p ou t o y ou r

g y y
s w eet h e a r t h o w d o yo u l ik e t hi s S o t ll a n s w er ed t h e g en

t l em
,

an t h a t I w i ll b e r ev eng ed o f yo u T hr ea t en no t s a i d

F ri a r B a c o n l es t I do yo u m o r e s ha m
.
, ,

,
e a nd do yo u t a k e heed ,

ho w yo u g i v e s cho l a r s t he l ie a g a i n ; b u t b ec a u se I k n o w not
ho w w ell yo u a r e st or ed w i t h m o n ey a t t hi s t i m e I W l ll b ea r
y ou r w ench s c h a r g es ho m
,

e it h t ha t she v a n i s hed a w a y
'

T hi s m n a s a s or t o f ex em
.

b e t ake l i c a t io n o f t h e c l a s s o f
a
y p
exhibi t ions w hic h w er e p r ob a b l y t he r es u l t o f s u p erior k n o w l
ed g e o f n a t u r a l s ci enc e a nd w h ic h w er e ex a g ger a t ed b y p O pu
lar im a d b een m
,

a i n a t io n T h e y h a d e t o a c er t a i n d e r e e
g g
fa m i l i a r b y t he p er for m r s w ho c a m
.
, ,

a nc e s o f t h e s ki l fu l j u g g l e e
f r o mt he E a st a n d w ho w er e s c a t t er ed t hr o u g ho u t E u rop e; a nd
w e r ea d n o t u nf r eq u ent l y o f s u c h m
,

a ic a l fea t s in o l d w r i t e r
g s

W hen t he em p er o r C h a rl es I V w a s ma r ri ed in t he m
.

. idd l e o f
t he f o u r t eent h c ent u r y t o t he B a v a r i a n p r i nc es s S ophia i n t he
ci t y o f P r a g u e t he fa t her o f t he p r i nc es s bro u ght a w a g o n l o a d -

of m
,

a g ici a n s t o a s s i s t in t he f e s t i vi t i es T w o o f t he c hi ef pro
cient s in t h e a r t Z yt ho t he g r ea t B o hem
.

, i a n s o r c er er a nd ,

G o u i n t he B a va r i a n w er e pi t c h ed a g a i ns t ea c h o t her a nd w e
, ,

a r e t o l d t ha t a ft e r a d es p er a t e t r i a l o f s k i ll Z yt ho O p eni ng his
j a w s fr omea r t o ea r a t e u p his ri v a l w i t ho u t s t oppi ng t i ll he
, ,

cam
,

e t o his sho es w hic h he s pi t o u t b ec a u s e a s h e s a id t hey

A ft er ha v i ng p er fo rm
, , , ,

ha d no t b een c l ea ned . ed t hi s s t r a ng efea t ,

he r est or ed t h e u n ha pp y s orc er er t o l i fe a g a i n T he id ea o f
cont est s l ik e t h i s s eem en t a k en fr o mt he s crip t u r a l
.

s t o ha v e b e

n a rr a t i ve o f t he co nt e nt io n o f t h e E g y p t i a n m a g ici a n s a a i nst
g
M o s es
Wem m
.

u s t r u n t hr o u h F r i a r B a co n s o t he r xp l oi or bri
g e t s e ef
ly A s I h a ve sa id t he g r ea t er nu m b er o f t hema r e mer e a d a p
t a t io ns o f m
.
,

edi eva l s t ori es b u t t hey s ho w nevert hel ess w ha t w a s

t he pop u l a r no t i o n o f t he m
,

a g ici a n s c h a r a c t er S u c h is t he

s t o r y o f t he g ent l em
.

a n w ho r e d u c ed t o po vert y a nd i nvo l ved in

d eb t s o l d hi m

,

se l f t o t he evi l o n e on co ndi t io n t ha t he w a s t o
d el i ver hi ms el f u p a s s o o n a s h is d eb t s w er e p a id A s m
, ,

a
y b e
im mu ch di f c u l t y he w a s not in ha st e t o s a t i s fy
.

a i ne
g d w i t ho u t
h is c r edi t or s b u t a t l en gt h t he t i m e ca m
,

e w hen he co u l d p u t
t hemo ff no l o ng er a nd t hen in h is d es p a ir he w o u l d ha v e c o m
,

mit t ed viol enc e o n hi ms el f ha d no t his ha nd b een a r r est ed b y

, , ,

B a con T he l a t t er w hen heh a d hea rd t he g ent l em

.
, a n s st o r y

,
 THE D E VIL O UT WITTED .
85

direc t ed hi mt
rep a ir t o t he pl a c e a ppoi nt ed fo r his m
o eet i ng
w i t h t h e ev i l one t o de ny t h e d ev i l s cl a i ma nd t o r efer fo r j u d

g
ment t o t h e rst p er s on w ho s ho u l d p a s s I n t he m
, ,

orn i ng a f
t er t h a t he ha d bl es s ed hi m
.
,

se l f h e w ent t o t he w ood w her e he

fo u n d t he d ev i l r ea d y fo r h im S o s oo n a s he c a m
, ,

e n ea r t he
d evi l s a id : No w d ec ei ver a r e yo u co me? No w sha ll t ho u
.
,

, ,

se e t h a t I ca n a n d w i ll p r o v e t ha t t ho u h a st p a id a ll t hy d eb t s
for e t hy s o u l b el o n g es t t o m
,

a nd t h er e e T ho u a r t a d ec ei ver

nt l em a nd g a v es t m em on ey t o c hea t m eo f m
.
,

sa id t h e g e an sou l
y
fo r el s e w hy w i l t t ho u b e t h i n e o w n j u d ge l et m e ha v e s om
, ,

e
ot her s t o j u d g e b et w een u s C o nt ent s a id t he d evi l t a k e

w ho mt h o u w i l t T hen I w il l ha ve s a id t h e g ent l em
,
.
,

t he
an

nex t m a n t ha t co m
.
, ,

et h t hi s w a y H er et o t he d evi l a g r eed No

n d ed b u t F r i a r B a co n c a m
. .

s oo n er w ere t hes e w o r d s e e by t o
w ho mt h i s g en t l em
, ,

a n s p o k e a n d r equ es t ed t ha t h e w o u l d b e

j u d g e in a w ei ght y m t w een t hem

,

a t t er b e two T he fr i a r s a id he .

w a s c o n t ent s o b o t h p a r t i es w er e a g r eed : t he d ev i l s a id t hey

w er e a nd t o l d F r i a r B a co n ho w t he c a s e s t ood b et w een t hemin
,

t hi s m
,

a nn e r K no w fr i a r t ha t I s eei ng t hi s p r odi g a l l ik e t o

nt himm o ney n o t o nly t o b u y himv ic

.
, , ,

s t a r v e fo r w a nt o f foo d l e

t u a l s b u t a l s o t o r ed eemh is l a nd s a nd p a y his d eb t s co ndi t ion

, ,

b t s w er e p a id t ha t h es ho u l d g i v ehim
, ,

a lly t ha t s o s oo n a s his d e

ly t o m e; t o t hi s h er e is his ha nd s ho w i ng himt he
, ,

s elf f r ee

bon d : n o w m m
.
, ,

y t i e i s e xpi r e d fo r a l l hi s d e b t s a r e p a id w h ic h
, ,

he c a n n o t d eny T hi s c a s e is pl a i n if it b e s o t ha t his d eb t s

H is s i l enc e co n r m
.
,

a r e p a id s it s a id t he d ev i l t her efo r e

v e h ima j u st s e
.
, ,

i en c e I w i ll s a id F ri a r B a co n ; b u t r st

n t
g
t ell m e s p ea ki ng t o t he g ent l em
.
,

an did st t ho u n ever yet g ive
t he e d v i l a n
y o f h i s m o n ey b a ck n o r r eq u i t e h i m i n a n
y w a y s ?

Nev er ha d he a nyt hi ng o f m
,

e a s yet a n s w er ed t he g ent l e

ma n T hen nev er l et himha ve a ny t hi ng o f t hee a nd t ho u a r t

,

D ec ei ver o f m
.
,

fr ee a n ki nd s a id h e s p ea k ing t o t he d e

vi l it
w a s t hy b a r g a i n n ev er t o m edd l e W i t h h ims o l o ng a s h e w a s in
,
.
, ,

deb t ed t o a ny ; no w ho w c a ns t t ho u d em , a nd o f hi ma ny t hi n
g
w hen he i s i n d eb t ed fo r a ll t ha t he ha t h t o t hee? w hen h e p a y
et h t hee t hy m o ne y t hen t a k e h ima s t hy d u e t i ll t hen t ho u ha st
no t h ing t o d o w i t h hi m a n d 8 0 1 c ha r g e t hee t o b e g o n e
,

At
t hi s t h e d ev i l v a ni sh ed w i t h g r ea t ho rr o r b u t F r i a r B a co n c o m
.
,

fo rt ed t he g ent l em n t h imho m
,

a n a nd s e e w i t h a q u i et co ns c i en c e
b id di ng h imn ev er t o p a y t he d ev i l s m
, ,

o ne y b a ck a s he t end er ed
,

his o w n s a fet y
B a co n no w m et w i t h a co m
.

p a nion F r i a r B u ng a y w ho set a st es , ,

a nd p u r s u i t s w e re co ng en i a l t o h is o w n a nd w i t h his a s s i st a nc e ,

8
80 S O R C E RY A ND M AGIC .

heu n dert oo k t heexpl oi t fo r w h ic h he w a s o st fa ou s H ehad m m

m
.

a fa nc y t ha t he w o u l d d e fen d E ng l a nd a g a i ns t it s ene i e s, b
y
w a ll i ng it w i t h bra s s , pr ep a r a t ory t o w hi c h t hey a d e a he m
a d of

t ha t m et a l . m
T hei r i nt ent w a s t o a k e t he hea d sp ea k , fo r w hich
p u rpo s e t hey r a i s ed a s piri t in a w o od , by w ho s e direc t i o ns t hey
m a d e a fu mi g a t io n, t o w hic h t he hea d w a s t o b e expo s ed d u ri ng
am ont h , a nd t o b e c a r efu lly w a t c hed , b ec a u s e if t he t w o fri a rs
did no t hea r it b efor e it ha d g i v en o ver sp ea k i ng , t hei r l a bor
w o u l d b e l o st A ccordi ngly , t he c a re o f w a t c hi n g o ver t he hea d
m
.

w h i l e t hey s l ep t w a s i nt r u st ed t o B a co n s a n, M i l e The p e

s

m
.

ri ed o f sp ea ki ng u nfort u na t ely c a e w hi l e M i l es w a s w a t c hi ng
m
.

T he hea d s u dd en ly u t t er ed t he t w o w ord s
T i e is M i l es
m
.

t ho u g ht it w a s u n nec es sa ry t o d i s t u rb h is a st er f o r s u c h a b r i ef
s p eec h, a nd s a t s t i ll I n ha l f a n ho u r , t he hea d a g a i n brok e si
m
.

l enc e w i t h t he w ord s , T i e w a s S t i ll M i l es w a i t ed , u nt i l ,
m
.

in a no t her ha l f ho u r , t he hea d s a id T i e is p a s t , a nd fell t o
,

t he g ro u nd w i t h a t erri b l e noi s e T hu s , t hro u g h t he n egl i g enc e

.

o f Mi l e s , t he l a bor o f t he t w o fr i a r s w a s t hro w n a w a y .

T h e ki ng s oo n w a nt ed F ri a r B a con s s er vic es , a nd t hel a t t er en

a b l ed himb y hi s p er sp ec t i v e a nd bu r ni ng gl a s s es t o t a k ea t o w n
,
-
,

w hi ch he w a s b es i eg i ng I n co n s eq u enc e o f t hi s su cc es s t he
ki ng s o f E ng l a nd a nd F r a nc e m
.
,

a de pe a c e a nd a g r a nd co u r t w a s

hel d a t w h ic h t he G er m r V a nd er m
,

a n co nj u r e a s t w a s bro u ht t o
g
T hei r p er for m re s o m
, , , ,

t r y his s ki ll a g a i ns t B a co n a n c es w e e
t hi ng in t h e s t yl e o f B a co n s fo r m
.

er ex hibi t io n b efo r e t he k i ng

a nd q u e en V a nd er m
. a s t i n r ev en e s ent a so l di e
, g ,
r t o k i ll B a co n ,

b u t in v a i n Nex t foll o w a s er i es o f a d vent u r es w h ic h co n s i st

w m edi eva l s t ori es very c l u m am
.

o f a fe s i ly
p u t t o g et h er o n g w h ic h
,

a r et ha t k n o w n a s t he
F ri a r a nd t he B o y t he o ne w hic h a pp ea r e
,
d
i n S co t t i s h v er s e u nd er t he t i t l e o f t he F ri a r s o f B er w ick a t a l e
t a k en f r o m t he G es t a R o m a n o r u ma nd s o m
, ,

eo t her s A cont ent io n

in m m
,
.

a ic b e
g t w ee n V a n d e r a s t a nd B u n g a y en d e d in t h e d ea t h s

o f bo t h . The s er va nt M i l es n ext t u rned co nj u r er ha v i n g g o t ,

ho l d o f o neo f B a co n s book s a nd es c a p ed w i t h a drea dfu l fri ght a nd

E very t hi ng no w s eem
,

a brok e n l eg ed t o g o w r o ng F ri a r B a con
ha d a gl a s s w hic h w a s o f t ha t exc ell ent na t u r e t ha t a ny m
. .

an

mi ght b eho ld a nyt hi ng t ha t h ed es ired t o seew i t hi n t hecompa ss of

,

ft y m i l es ro u n d a bo u t h im I n t hi s gl a ss heu s ed t o s ho w p eop l e
.

w ha t t heir r el a t io ns a nd f ri end s w er edoi n g or w her e t hey w er e

O n e d a y t w o y o u ng g ent l em en o f hi gh birt h c a m
, ,

,
e t o l ook i nt o
t he l a ss a nd t hey b ehel d t h ei r f a t her s d esp er a t ely g ht i n g t o
g ,

e t h er po n w h ic h t h e y d r ew t h eir w ord a nd s l ew e a c h o t her

g , u s s .

B a co n w a s so shock ed t ha t he brok e his gl a ss in d i s gu st a nd ,

 D R F A US T US
. .
87

hea r in g bou t t he sa m
a e tim e o f t he d ea t hs o f V a nd er m a s t a nd

B u n g a y h e b ec a m em el a n c ho ly a nd a t l engt h heb u rnt his book s

of m s w ea l t h a m
, ,

a ic di s t rib u t e d hi o n poor s c h o l a r s a nd o t her s

g g
a n d b ec a m
, ,

e a n a n c h ori t e T hu s en d ed t he l i fe o f F ri a r B a co n
t h e fa m ou s hi st ory w hic h prob a b ly o w ed m
.
,

a cc o rdi ng t o o st
nt s t o t h e i m
,

o f it s i n cid e a i na t io n o f t he w ri t e r
g
T h e c ha r a c t er o f Dr F a u s t u s s eem s as a m a ici a n t o b e m
.

.
g ,
or e ,

v eri t a b l e t ha n t ha t o f F ri a r B a co n H is hi s t or y w hic h w a s
t r a n s f err ed t o E n gl i s h l i t er a t u r e dir ec t fr o m t he G er m
.
,

an a
p
n E ng l a n d a bo u t t h e sa m m
,

p e ar e d i e t i e T h e r e a pp e a r s i n fa c t
.
, ,

t o h a v e l i v ed in t he ea rl i er p a rt o f t he s ix t eent h c en t u ry a g r ea t
ma g i c i a n a nd co nj u ro r o f t he na me o f F a u st o r L a t i ni z ed F a u s
t u s a n a t i ve o f K u ndl ing in t h e du c hy o f W ir t em
, ,

, , b er g w ho s e ,

c el e b r i t y g a ve r i s e t o t he book ent i t l ed T he H i s t o ry o f t he Li fe
w hic h b ec a m

a n d D ea t h o f D r F a u s t u s e so pop u l a r in Eng
l a n d t ha t it w a s brou g ht o n t hes t a geby o neo f t heb est d ra m
.
,

,
a t i st s

o f t h eE l i z a b et ha n a g e G r ee ne a nd w e nt i nt o a pro verb in o u r l a n

m o ne o f t h e m
, ,

u a e a nd ha s b ee n e b o di ed in o st e x t r a ordi n a ry
g g ,

p r o d u c t io ns o f t he l i t er a t u re o f o u r a g e t he F a u st o f G o et he
S t i ll w e m
, .

u s t l ook u po n Dr F a u s t u s a s o n e o f t he t y p es o nly
.

o f t he a r t fo r w e ha v e n o a u t hent ic a cco u nt o f w ha t he did p er

f o rm T hebook co ns i st s l ik e t he hi st ori es o f V ir g i l a nd B a co n
,

of a m er e co l l ec t io n o f st ori es o f m a ic a n d i n c a nt a t io n m
.
, ,

a ny
g
o f t h em prob a b ly i nv ent ed fo r t he occ a s i o n a nd a l l o f t hemfa
,

t her ed u po n o n e p er s o n a g e w ho s e na m e ha d b ec o m
,

,
e su f ci ent ly
n o t orio u s fo r t hep u r po s e A ccordi ng t o t hi s h i st o ry F a u st u s w a s
t he so n o f a G er m a n boor a nd b eing r em
.
,

,
a r k a bl e fo r h i s ea r ly

t a l ent s w a s a dop t ed b y a ric h u nc l e a t W i t t en b u r g w ho en a b l ed

hi mt o pu r s u e his s t u di es a t a c el eb r a t ed u ni v er s i t y in t h a t ci t y
, ,

T he i n c l i na t io ns o f F a u st u s l ed h i mi nt o t he fo rbidd en p a t hs o f
.

s ci e n c e a nd a t l e n g t h he b ec a m e su c h a pro ci en t in m a ic t ha t
g
h e d et er m i n ed t o c a ll u p t h e d em
,

o n S o t a ki ng his w a y t o a
t h ick w ood n ea r t o Wi t t enbu r g c a ll ed in t he G er m
.

an t on u e
g
S p iss er ho lt he c a m
,

e i nt o t he w ood o ne even i ng i nt o t he c r o ss
w a y w her e he m
,

a d e w i t h a w a n d a circ l ein t hed u st a n d w i t hi n

t ha t m a ny m
, ,

or e circ l es a n d c ha r a c t er s a nd t hu s he p a s sed a w a y
t he t i m eu nt i l it w a s n i n eor t en o f t hec l o ck i n t hen i g ht ; t h en b e
a n Dr F a u s t u s t o c a ll o n M e p h i s t o hil e
p s t h e s piri t a n d t o c ha r g e
g
hi mi n t he na m
.
,

e o f B eelz eb u b t o a pp ea r t her e p r es ent ly w i t ho u t

v i l b e a n s o g r ea t a ru m
,

an
y l o n g s t ay T h e n p r es ent l y t h e d e g or
i n t he w ood a s if hea ven a n d ea r t h w o u l d ha v e c o m
.

,
e t o g et her ,

w i t h w i n d a nd t he t r ees b o w ed t hei r t o p s t o t he g r o u nd
,
T hen .

fell t he d evi l t o ro a r a s if t he w ho l e w ood ha d b een f u ll of l i o ns

,
88 S O R C E RY A ND M AGIC .

a nd su dd enl y a bo u t t he circ l er u n t he d evi l a s if a t hou s a nd w a g ,

o ns ha d b een r u nni ng t o g e t her o n p a v ed s t o nes A ft er t hi s a t .

,

t h e fo u r co rn er s o f t he w ood it t hu nd er ed horrib ly w i t h s u c h
l i g ht ni ng a s i f t h e w ho l e w orl d t o h is s eemi n g ha d b een o n r e
,

F a u st u s a ll t hi s w hi l e ha l f a m
.

a z ed a t t he d ev i l s s o l o n a rr

g t y
i ng a nd d o u b t i ng w het her he w er e b est t o a bid e a ny m
,

,
or e su c h
h o r rib l e co nj u ri ng s t ho u g ht t o l ea v ehis ci r c l ea nd d ep a rt w h ere
u pon t hed ev i l m a d e h im su c h m u s ic o f a ll s o r t s a s i f t hen y m
, ,

phs
t hem
,

se l v es ha d b een in t he p l a c e W her ea t F a u st u s r evi ved

.
,

a n d st ood s t o u t ly i n t h e ci r c l e e xp ec t i ng his p u r po s e a nd b ega n

a g a i n t o co nj u r e t h e s pi r i t M e h is t o h il es i n t he n a m
, ,

e o f t he
p p
r i n c e o f d ev i l s t o a pp ea r i n his l ik enes s ; w her ea t s u dd enly
p
o ver his hea d hu ng ho veri ng in t he a ir a m
,

i g ht y dr a go n T hen
c a ll s F a u st u s a g a i n a ft er h is d evi l i sh m
.

a n ne r ; a t w hich t here
w as a m o nst ro u s cry in t he w oo d a s i f hell ha d b een op en a nd
a ll t he t or m
, ,

ent ed s o u l s c u rs i n g t hei r co ndi t io n P r es ent ly not

t hr ee fa t ho m s a b o v e hi s hea d fell a a m e in m
.
,

, a nn e r o f l i g ht ni ng ,

a n d c ha n g e d i t s el f i nt o a gl o b e; yet F a u s t u s fea r ed it no t b u t
did per su a d e hi m l f t ha t t he d evi l s ho u l d g i ve hi mhis r equ e
,

se st

b efo r e he w o u l d l ea v e Then F a u st u s v ex ed a t his s piri t s so

l o ng t a rry i ng u s ed his cha r mw i t h fu ll pu r po s e no t t o d ep a rt b e

.
,

, ,

f or e he ha d his i nt ent ; a nd c ry i ng o n M ep his t o phil es t he spiri t

a m
,

su d d e nly t h e g l ob eop e n ed a n d s p r u n U i n t h e h ei ht o f an ;
g p g
s o b u r ni n g a t i m
,

e in t he end it con vert ed t o t h e s ha p eo f a er y

ma n T hi s p l ea s a nt b ea st r a n a bo u t t he circ l e a g rea t w hi l e
, ,

a n d l a s t ly a pp ea r ed in t he m
,
.

a n ne r o f a g r a y fri a r a s ki ng F a u s
F a u st u s co m ma nd ed t ha t t he n ext
, ,

t u s w ha t w a s hi s r equ es t
morni ng a t t w el ve o f t he c l ock he sho u l d a ppea r t o hima t his
.
,

ho u s e; b u t t he d evi l w o u l d in no w i s e g ra nt it F a u st u s b ega n
t o co nj u re hi ma g a i n in t h e na m
.

,
e o f B eelz eb u b t ha t he s h o u l d ,

fu l l his r eq u es t ; w her eu po n t he spiri t a g r eed a nd so t hey d e ,

p a r t ed ea c h o n his w a y .

Thespi r i t a cco r di n g ly v i s i t ed F a u st u s a nd a ft er t hr ee int er

y ca m e t o a n a g r eem
,

v i ew s t he , ent b y w hich t he doc t o r a s t he

, ,

pric e o f h is s o u l w a s t o ha ve M eph is t O phil es for his s er va nt

a n d ha v e a c er t a i n a ll o t m
, ,

ent o f l i fe d u r i n g w hic h h ew o u l d ha ve
,

t he fu ll g r a t i c a t io n o f his po w er in every t h i n O n e o f t he r s t
g
u s es w hic h F a u s t u s m
.

a d e o f t he po w er he ha d n o w ob t a i n ed

w a s t o g r a t ify h is a rd ent t hi r s t fo r k no w l ed e a nd b y t h e a i d o f
g ,

h is spiri t M ep his t O p hil es he s o o n s u rp a s s ed a ll o t her s in t he

,

k u o w l ed g e o f hidd en c a u s es All h is d esi r es w er efu l ll ed t he

i nst a nt t hey w er e fo r m
.

ed s o t h a t he l i v ed a l i fe o f u n r es t r a i ned
,

g r a t i c a t io n H e t r a vell ed w it h i nco nc ei va b l er a pidi t y no t o nly

.
,
 F A US TUS A ND T H E J UG GL E RS . 89

thr ou gh m
d i ff erent co u nt ri es , b u t i nt o t he r e ot est r eg io n s o f t he
air , a n d ev en i nt o hell , a n d t hu s he b ec a m
e a pro fo u nd a s t r o n o
m er , a n d w a s i n i t i a t ed i n s o e mm ea su r e i nt o t h e s ecr et s o f t he
ot he r w o rl d .

H eno w fell t o b e a c a l end a r -
m
a ke r b y t he hel p
of hi s s pi r i t , a nd nobod y s pro no s t ic a t io n s w e r eq u a l t o t ho s e

g e
of Dr F a u s t u s
-
H is t r a v el s w er e s o ex t en s i ve, t ha t he even o b
m
. .

t a in ed a g l i p s e o f P a r a di s e a nd i n t he co u r s e o f h is w a n d er
m
ing s he p l a y ed a l l sor t s o f pra n k s A o ng o t her v ic t i s o f his m
m
.

w a nt o nn es s w er e t h e G r a nd T u r k a nd t he pop e o f R o e
m
.

W h en t he e p eror C ha rl es V , w e a r e t o l d , w a s hol di n g his

m
.

cou rt a t I n s p r u ck , he i nv i t ed F a u s t u s t o ak e a n ex hibi t io n o f
his s k i ll , a n d t o g ra t i fy hi m he r a i s ed u p t he s pi r i t s o f A l ex a n
m
der t h e G r ea t a n d his b ea u t i fu l p a r a o u r , t o t he e p er o r s no m

m
s a ll d el i ght m
S o e o f t he co u r t i er s ha v i ng p r o vo k ed hi , he m
m m m m
.

t r a n s for ed t he , a nd expo s ed t he t o t he ridic u l e o f t heir co

p a n io n s m
A ft er l ea vi ng t he co u rt , he p er fo r ed a v a r i et y o f
m m
.

t rick s u po n p er s o n s o f a ll co ndi t io ns , w ho he et o n h is w a y
m
.

H e p a w n ed his l eg t o a J ew fo r o n ey A t t hefa ir o f Pfei eng ,

'

he s o l d a hor s e t o a hor s e d ea l er , w i t h a w a r ni ng n o t t o r id e
-

t hro u g h a co u r s e o f w a t er w i t h i t ; b u t t he d ea l er , h a vi ng di s
m
ob ey ed t hes e dir ec t io n s , fo u n d hi s el f su dd enly s i t t i ng a st rid e a
m m
bo t t l e o f st r a w H e a l a r ed a co u nt ry a n by ea t i ng a l o a d o f
.

ha y ; a n d w her ever he fo u nd s t u d ent s or c l o w ns dri nki ng t o

g e t h e r h e s e l do fma i l ed t o m a k e t he vmic t i m
s o f hi s a r t H e
m
, .

su b s eq u e n t ly p er fo r ed ex t r a o rdi n a r y expl o i t s a t t he co u r t o f t he
du k e o f A n ha l t a nd h e
g a ve e q u a lly e x t r a ordi na r y s p eci me n s

of h i s po w e r in a s er i es o f ex t r a va g a nt fea t s w i t h w hic h he
t r ea t ed t he st u d en t s o f W i t t enb u r g , a n d w h ic h he end ed b y c a ll
ing u p t o t heir s i ght t hefa ir H el en o f T ro y
m
.

Dr F a u st u s c a e in L ent u nt o F r a nk l a nd fa ir , w her e his

m
.

spiri t M ephis t o ph il es g a v e hi t o u nd er s t a nd t ha t in a n inn w er e

fo u r j u g g l ers t ha t cu t o ne a no t her s h ea d s o ff , a nd a ft er t heir cu t

t i n g o s ent t he
'

m
t o t he b a r b er t o b e t ri mm
ed , w hic h m a ny
p e o

p l e sa w . T h i s an e
g r ed F a u s t u s fo r he
, m
e a nt t o ha ve h i m s e l f
t he o nly cook i n t he d evi l s b a nqu et , a nd he w ent t o t he pl a c e

w her e t hey w er e t o b egu i l e t he m

.A n d a s t he j u gg l er s w er e
to g et her , r ea d y o n e t o c u t o ff a n o t her s hea d , t h er e s t o o d a l s o t h e

m m m
b a rb er rea d y t o t ri t h e , a n d b y t he u po n t h e t a b l e s t o o d l ik e
w i s e a gl a ss fu ll o f st i ll ed w a t er s , a nd h e t h a t w a s t h e c hi efest
m
a m
o n g t he s t ood b y i t T hu s t h ey b eg a n t hey s o t e o ff t he
. m
hea d o f t he rs t , a n d pr es ent ly t her e w a s a l i ly in t he g l a s s o f
di s t i ll ed w a t er , w h er e F a u s t u s p er c ei v ed t hi s l ily a s it w a s
spri n i n
g g u p , a n d t h e c hi e f j u g le
g r n a me d it t h e t r ee o f l i fe
.

8
90 BORCERY A ND M AGI C .

T hu s dea l t he w i t h t he r st , mk i ng t he b
a a rb er w a sh a nd m
b
co

his hea d , a nd t h en he s et it o n a g a i n p r esent ly t hel i ly va ni she d

'

a w a y o u t o f t he w a t er ; he m
r ea t t he a n ha d his hea d w ho l e a nd
s o u nd a g a i n T he l ik e did he w i t h t he o t her t w o ; a nd as t he
m
.

t u r n a nd l o t c a e t o t he c hi ef j u g g l er , t ha t h e a l s o sho u l d b eb e
m
hea d ed , a nd t ha t his l i ly w a s o st p l ea s a nt , fa ir , a n d o u ri shing
g r e e n t he y s m o t e h is h ea d o ff a nd w h e n it c a emt o b e b a r b ed
m
, ,

t ro u b l ed F a u st u s his co n s ci en c e, i n s o u ch
[ t h a t i s , sh a v e d ] ,
i t
t ha t he co u l d n o t a bid e t o s eea no t her do a n yt hi ng , fo r h et hou ght
m
h i s el f t o b et he p r i ncip a l co nj u r er i n t he w or l d ; w her ef o r eDr .

F a u st u s w ent t o t he t a b l e Wher ea t t he ot her j u ggl ers k ept t hat

m
l i ly , a n d s o he t ook a s a ll k ni fe a nd cu t o ff t he st a l k o f t he
m m
l i ly , sa yi ng t o hi s el f, No ne o f t he sha ll b l ind F a u st u s Yet

m
.

no a n s a w F a u st u s t o c u t t h e l i ly ; b u t w he n t he r e s t o f t he

m
j u gg l er s t ho u ght t o ha v e s et o n t heir a st er s hea d , t hey cou l d

n o t ; w he r efo re t hey l ook ed o n t he l i ly , a nd fo u n d it b l eedi ng

m
.

By t hi s ea n s t hej u g gl er w a s b egu i l ed , a nd s o d i ed in his w ick

ed nes s yet no o ne t ho u g ht t ha t Dr F a u s t u s ha d do n e it
m
. .

I t w a s a b o u t t hi s t i e t ha t F a u s t u s ha d a t o f rep ent a nce, for

w hic h he w a s s ev er ely r eb u k ed b y his s piri t M eph ist o phi l es,
w ho forc ed h i m t o s i g n a n ew bo nd w i t h t he ev i l o ne Fr o m
m mm
.

t hi s t i e he b ec a e o r e h ea d st r o ng a nd d epra v ed t ha n ever,
a n d , t o u s e t h ew o r d s o f t heh i s t ory , he b eg a n t o l i v e a s w i n i sh

a n d E pic u r ea n l i fe H e no w c a u s ed M ephist O ph il es t o br i ng
m m
.

h i t he fa i r H el en o f T r o y , w i t h w h o he fell v io l ent ly i n lo ve,

a nd k e m
p t her d u r i ng t he r es t o f h is l i fe a s his i st r ess b u t she,
a n d a c hi l d s he b o r e hi m ,
v a n i s hed t o g et her o n his d ea t h This
.

w a s no t l o ng in a ppro a c h i ng , a nd w hen h i s l a s t d a y w a s a t ha nd ,
he i nv i t ed his fell o w s t u d ent s t o a s u pp er , a nd g a ve t he a
-
m m ora l
di s co u r s e o n his o w n errors , a nd a n u r g ent w a rn i ng t o a vo id his
m
ex a p l e The s t u d ent s a n d t he o t her s t ha t w ere t her e, w hen
m
.

t h ey h a d p r a y ed for hi , t hey w ep t , a nd s e w ent f or t h ; b u t

m
_

F a u st u s t a rri ed in t he h a ll ; a nd w hen t he g ent l e en w er e l a i d

m
i n b ed , n o ne o f t he c o u l d sl eep , fo r t ha t t hey a t t end ed t o hea r
i f t hey m i ght b e p r i vy o f his end I t ha pp en ed t ha t b et w een
m m m
.

t w el v e a n d o ne o c l ock a t id ni ght t her e bl ew a i ght y st or

o f w i nd a g a i n st t he ho u s e, a s t ho u h i t w o u l d ha v e b l o w n t he
g
fo u nd a t i o n t h er eo f o u t o f it s p l a c e H er eu po n t he s t u d ent s b e
.

g a n t o fe a r , a nd g o o u t o f t he i r b ed s , b u t t hey w o u l d no t s t ir o u t

o f t he c h a m b er , a n d t he ho st o f t heho u s er a n o u t o f doo r s , t hink v

i ng t he ho u s e w o u l d fa ll T he st u d ent s l a y n ea r u nt o t he ha ll
m
.

w h er ei n Dr . F a u st u s la y, a nd t hey hea r d a i ght y no i s e a nd

hi s s i ng , a s i f t he ha ll ha d b een f u ll o f s n a k es a nd a dd er s Wi th
.
 DEATH O F D R F A USTUS
. . 91

'
t ha t h e a ll d oor
t h -
ew op en w her ein Dr F a u st u s w a s t hen he
m
.

b ega n t o c r y fo r hel p , sa y i ng , M u rt h er ! u rt he r ! b u t it w a s

w it h a ha l f v oic e a nd v ery ho ll o w s hort ly a f t er t hey hea rd hi m

no m o re B u t w hen it w a s d a y , t he s t u d ent s , t ha t ha d t a k en no
.

re st t h a t n i ght , a ro s e a nd w e nt i nt o t he ha ll in t he w hic h t hey

l eft Dr F a u st u s , w here, not w i t hst a ndi ng , t hey fo u nd not F a u st u s ,
.

b u t a ll t he h a ll s pri nk l ed w it h b l ood , t he bra i ns c l ea vi n g t o t he

w a l l , fo r t h e d ev i l ha d b ea t en hi m m
fro o n ew a ll a a i n st a no t he
g r ;
in o ne c or ner l a y his ey es , in a n o t her his t eet h ; a fea r fu l a nd
pi t i f u l s i ght t o b eho l d T hen b eg a n t he st u d ent s t o w a i l a nd
m m
.

w eep f o r h i , a nd s o u ght fo r his bod y in a ny p l a c e s L a s t ly ,

m
.

t hey c a e int o t he y a rd , w her e t hey fo u nd his body ly i ng o n t he

hor s e d u n g , o st
-
m m o nst rou s ly t o rn, a nd fea rfu l t o b eho l d , fo r his
hea d a n d a l l his joi n t s w er e d a shed t o pi ec es T he for ena ed m
m m
.

st u d e nt s a nd a st e r s t ha t w ere a t his d ea t h, obt a i ned s o u c h

t ha t t h ey bu r i ed hi min t he v i ll a g e w her e he w a s so g ri evo u sly
m
t o r ent ed

m
.

S u c h w a s t he end w h ich it w a s b el i eved a w a i t ed t he a g i

'

m
ei a u s w ho ent er ed i nt o a dir ec t co p a c t w i t h t he evi l o ne T he .

hi st o r y o f Dr F a u s t u s ha s b een t he d el i g ht a nd w o n d er o f t ho u
.

s a n d s i n v a rio u s cou nt ri e s a nd t h r o u g h s e ver a l a g es The pop

.

u l a r i t y o f t h e book w a s s o g r ea t , t ha t a no t he r a u t hor u nd er t ook

t o co m pi l e a cont i nu a t ion F a u st u s , it w a s pr et en d ed , ha d l eft
m m m
.

a fa i l i a r s erv a nt , na ed C hr i st opher W a g n er , w i t h w ho he
ha d d epo s i t ed hi s g r ea t est s ecr et s , a nd t o w ho he ha d l eft his m
b o ok s a nd his a r t m
T he exp loi t s o f W a gn er for w ha t is c a ll ed
m m
.

t he s ec o nd p a rt o f Dr F a u s t u s , w hic h s ee s t o h a v e b een c o
.

p i l ed i n E n gl a nd , a nd w a s p u bl i shed l o ng su b s eq u ent t o t he r st
p a rt m m
W a g ner i s a d e t o c a ll u p t he spi r i t o f hi s a st er F a u s
m m m
.

t u s , a nd co p el h i t o s er ve a s hi s fa i l i a r T hebook c o nt a i ns
m m
.

a re e t i t i o n o f t h e sa e d es c r ip t io ns o f exo r ci s s w h ic h ha d
p
b een u s ed by F a u st u s t o w a rd M ep hist o philes , a nd o f si i l a r m
ex p l o i t s
m
.

T hefor eg oi ng a r et y p es o f t hep opu l a r b el i ef d u ri ng a ny cen

t a r i es m
T hey p ic t u re t o u s t he no t i o n o f t he a g ici a n a s it ex
m m
.

i s t ed i n p eop l es i a g i na t ion W e u st n o w r et u r n t o t he r ea l i t y

.

o f t hes e su p e r st i t io ns , a s it is pr es ent ed t o u s by t he hi st o r y o f
m u st r es
a c
92 S O R C E R Y A ND M AGIC .

C HA P T E R V III .

S O R C ER Y IN G ER M A N Y IN THE F F I T E E NT H C EN TU R Y ; T HE
M A L L EU S M A LE FI C A R U M .

S I NC E t he est a bl i shm ent of t he i nq u i s it io n a nd t he p ra ct i ceof

d r a w i ng t he cri m
,

e o f s o rc er y u nd er it s j u ri s dic t io n t he b el i ef in
it s eff ec t s w a s b ec o m i ng m o r e i nt ens e a nd w a s s prea d ing m
,

, ore
w id ely I n t he ft eent h c ent u ry t he ho ly inqu i s i t io n ha d grad
u a l l y f or m ed t he w i t c hcr a ft l eg end s i nt o a r eg u l a r s y st em a nd
.

w hen p u b l i s hed u nd er s u c h a u t hori t y few w o u l d vent u r e t o dis

b el i eve it I t w a s i n G er m a ny i nd ee d t ha t t he b el i ef in w it ch
c r a ft s eems t o ha v e r st t a k en t ha t d a rk sy s t em a t ic a l f orm
.
, ,

w hi ch
h el d s o fea r fu l a s w a y o ver m en s m
,

i nd s in t he s ixt eent h a nd
s ev en t eent h c e nt u r i es . T her e t he w i l d er s u p erst i t io n s o f t he
a n ci e nt T eu t o n ic c r eed ha v e b een pr es er v ed in g r ea t er forc et ha n
i n a ny o t her p a rt o f E u r op e T he pio u s l eg end s o f C m
. s a r iu s o f

H ei st erb a c h w ho o u ri shed in t he ea rl i er p a rt o f t he t hirt eent h

c ent u r y a r e l i t t l e b et t er t ha n a m s of m
,

a s s o f s t ori e a ic a nd
g
ry T he i m
,

sorc e a i n a t i v e fe
g e l i n g s o f t he p e op l e a n d t h e w i l d
c h a r a c t er o f m
.
,

a ny p a r t s o f t he co u nt ry w e ,
re p ec u l i a rly c a l c u l a
t ed t o fo s t er su p er s t i t io ns o f t hi s d es crip t io n
I n fa c t w e m a c e b a ck di s t i nc t l y m
.

a
y t h e r e t r o st o f t he cir

cu m r b el i ef r el a t i n g t o w i t c hcr a ft t o t he m
,

s t a n c es o f t he ea r l i e
y
t ho l o gy o f t he a n t e c hr i s t i a n p eriod
-
The g r a nd n i ght o f m eet
i n g o f t he G er m
.

a n w i t c he s w a s t he n i ht o f S t
g W a l p u r g
. i s ,

w hic h a n s w er ed t o o n e o f t he r ea t r el i io u s f e t i va l s o f t he
g g s

T eu t o nic t r ib es b efor et heir co nv er s ion I n a ft er t i m es t w o o t her

-

mbly w er e a dd ed t ho s e o f t he fea s t s o f St
.

n i g ht s o f a n nu a l a ss e

John a nd S t B a r t ho l o m
.
,

ew I t i s prob a b l e t h a t a s C hri st i a n i t y
u nd a nd b ec a m
. .
,

a i ne d r o e e t b l i he d t h e r e l i io n f t h e
g g s a s a s
g o

s t a t e t h e o l d r el i io u s fest i va l s t o w h ic h t h e l o w er a nd m
,

g or e i g
x m
, ,

n o r a nt p a r t o f t h e p eop l e a nd p a r t ic u l a r ly t h e w ea k er s e or e
, (
s u sc e p t ib l e o f s u p er st i t i o u s feel i ng s ) w er e s t i ll a t t a c hed w ere
, ,

c el eb r a t ed in s ol it a r y pl a c es a nd i n p r i va t e a n d t ho s e w ho fr o
m ho m
,

q u e n t e d t h e w er e b r a n d e d a s w i t c h e s a n d s o r c e r e r s w et
t o et her t o ho l d co m
g m u n ic a t io n w i t h d e m o n s f o r a, s s u c h t he
ea rl i er C hr i s t i a n s l oo k ed u po n a ll t hehea t h en g od s T hi s g ives
xp l a na t ion o f t he m
.

u s an e a sy e a nne r in w hic h t h ehea t hen w or

 G E RM A N S O R C E R Y . 93

sh ip b ec a m et r a nsfor m ed i nt o t h e w i t c hcr a ft o f t he m iddl e a g es

At a n ea r ly p er iod i t w a s co m mo nly b el i eved t ha t t he w i t ches
.

u n ho l d e rod e t hr o u h h i r t o t he p l a c eo f r e d vo u s o n r e d
( ) g t e a n e z e s

a nd s t i ck s or o n b e som s w h ic h l a t t e r w er e t he a r t ic l es r ea di est
at ha nd t o w o m
, ,

en o f t hi s c l a s s o f s oci et y T he c hi ef p l a c e o f
meet i n g a t t he g r ea t a nnu a l w i t ch fes t i v a l s in G er ma ny a pp ea r s
.

t o h a v e b een fr o ma n ea r ly p eri o d t he B r o ck en m
, ,

, o u nt a i n t he
, ,

hi g hes t p a r t o f t he w i l d H a r t z c ha i n ; b u t t her e w er e s ever a l

o t h er f a v o ri t e p l a c es o f r e s o rt T he p er s o ns b el ieved t o ha v e ~

b een i n i t i a t ed a t t heir a ss em
.

b l i es w er e l o ok ed u po n w i t h dr ea d ,

fo r t hey w er e su ppo s ed t o b e c a p a b l e o f i nj u r i ng p eo p l e in va
r i o u s w a s b o t h i n t heir p er s o n s a nd in t h ei r po ss es s i o ns a nd
y
t h eir m
, .
,

a l ic e w a s esp ec i a lly dir e c t ed a g a i nst l i t t l e c hi l d r en O ne .

of t h e ea r l i es t t ri a l s fo r w i t c hcr a ft u n co nn ec t ed w i t h o t her o ff en

n t i s t ha t o f a w o m
,

ce s o n t h e co nt i ne a n in t he bi s hopric o f

No va r a o n t he nort hern bord ers o f I t a ly a bo u t t he m

, ,

,
iddl e o f t he ,

fo u rt eent h c ent u ry ; a nd it i ll u st r a t es t he g en er a l b el i ef in G er
ma ny a t t ha t p eriod It a pp ea r s fro mt he sl i g ht a cco u nt w hich
r em n a c o ll ec t io n o f c r i m
.
,

a i n s o f t hi s t ri a l h ic h i s pri nt e d i i al
(w n
c a s es i n L a t i n b y J o b B a p t Z il et t i fo l F r a nck t ha t t he
b el i ef t hen hel d b y t he c hu rc h w a s t ha t w o men o f t hi s c l a s s
, . .
, . .

co u l d b y t heir t o u c h or l ook f a s ci na t e m
,

, en o r c hi l dr en o r
, , ,

b ea s t s s o a s t o p r o d u c e s ick nes s a nd d ea t h ; a n d t hey b el i eved

fu rt her t ha t t hey ha d d ev o t ed t h ei r o w n s ou l s t o t he d em
,

on t o
w ho ma l s o t hey ha d do n e p er s o n a l ho m m
, ,

a e a ft e
g r h a vi n
g t r a ,

l d d r f oo h r o f t he c ro s s F o r h se o e ces t he y
'

p e u n e t t e g u e t e n
w er e j u d g ed by t h e m
.

o st l ea r ned t heo l o g i a n s t o b e w or t hy o f
b ei ng b u rnt a t t he st a k e
I n t h e ea r l i er p eriod o f t he hi st ory o f w i t c h cr a ft in G erm
.

a ny

w e nd n o t r a c es o f t he m
,

or e r epu l s i ve d et a il s o f t he s a bb a t h o f
t he s orc er er s ; a nd it is t her efor e pr o b a b l e t ha t t hey w er e i nt ro
, ,

du ced t her e p erha p s not b efo r e t he fo u rt eent h c ent u r y a nd t ha t ,

even d u ri ng t ha t c en t u ry t h ey did no t co n st i t u t e a n a rt ic l e o f t he
g e n e r a l b e l i ef T h ey a pp e
. a r t o ha v e ori i na t e
g d i n F r a n c e a nd

I t a ly w h er e t here is r ea s on fo r b el i ev i ng t ha t do w n t o a l a t ep e
ri ed s o m
, ,

e o f t he w or s t s ec t s o f t he a nci ent G no s t ic s r et a i ned a

foot i ng T hes e s ec t s a pp ea r t o ha ve b een j u s t ly a cc u s ed w i t h
t he c el ebr a t io n o f i nfa m
.

o u s ri t es or r a t her o r gi es w hic h t he p o
pi sh c hu rc h fo u nd it co nveni ent t o l a y t o t he c ha r g e o f a ll w ho m
, ,

it t h o u g ht r ig ht t o c l a ss u nd er t he t i t l e o f her et ic s T he
ll k no w n c l a i m
.

chu rc h i t is w e ,
ed t he ri ght o f j u d g i ng w i t ch
,

cra ft ,
b y cons id ering it a s a her esy or a s a ki n t o heresy a nd , ,

it is p r o b a b l e t ha t b y t he co nfu s i on o f i dea s t hu s p rod u c ed t he ,

94 BO RC ERY A ND MAGIC .

org i es o f t he G no st i cs w ere t r a ns fer r ed t o t he sa b b a t h o f t he

w i t c h es
D u r i ng t he p eriod o f w hich w e ha ve b een s pea ki ng m
.

en of
n s e in G er m
,

se a ny a nd t h e b e
,
t t er ed u c a t e d a nd l ess bi go t ed por
t io n o f t he c l er gy a pp ea r t o ha ve l ook ed u po n t he w h o l e a s a
d el u s ion ; w i t c hcra ft w a s a cri m e i na s m
,

u c h a s it w a s a n a ct of

rst i t io n S o m
,

v u l g a r su p e . eo f t he ea rly co u nci l s forbi d t h eb el ief

in it a n d co nsequ ent ly t he p a rt a ki ng in a ny o f it s pr a c t i c es a nd
c er em o ni es I t o nly ro s e t o hi gher est i m
,

a t io n in t he a g e o f ia

a rd t he m
.

q u i s it or s T o w i d d l e a nd d u ri n
g t h e l a t t er h a l f o f t he

ft eent h c ent u ry t he qu es t io n o f w i t c hcra ft b ega n t o b e m

.

u ch
co m
,

a i t a t ed T h e w h o l e sa l e pe r s ec u t io ns o f w i t c he s ha d
g
menced w i t h t he c el ebra t ed cou nci l o f C o nst a nc e(1 4 1 4 t o
.

w h i c h ha d p r es cr ib ed t he doc t r i n es o f W ycl i e a n d co nd em
'

ne d
Jo hn H u s s a nd J erom e o f P r a g u e t o t he a m
,

es O ne o f t he in
am
.

q u i s i t o r s o f t hi s p e riod a S w i s s fri a r p re a c he r n e d Jo h n N i d or

p u b l i shed a w ork o n t he va riou s s i ns a nd cri m

, ,

es a g a int rel i gion

u n d er t he t i t l e o f F or m ica r i u m(or t he A nt hi ll ) t he ft h b oo k of
,
-
,

w hic h i s d evo t ed t o t he s u bj ec t o f sorc ery . T hi s boo k w a s pu b

l i s h ed t o w a rd t he y ea r 1 44 0 fo r it s p ea k s o f t he l a t t er ev ent s of
,

t h e l i fe o f J o a n o f A rc a s ha v i ng occ u rr ed w i t hi n t en y ea r s ; a nd
t h e a u t hor s i nfor m a t ion r el a t i ve t o sorc er ers a p p ea rs t o b e

ma i nly d eri ved fro mt he i nqu i s i t or o f B erne na med P et er w ho

, ,

h a d di st i ng u i shed hi m
, ,

se l f b y his i na c t i vi t y in t he p u rs u i t of
w i t c h es a nd s orc e r er s a nd h a d c a u sed a gr ea t nu m
,
b er o f t hem
t o b e b u r nt .

A ccordi ng t o J ohn Nid er t he inj u ry do ne b y t he w it ches w as

ma ni fo l d a nd d iicu lt t o b e gu a rd ed a g a i nst ; a nd w e a r ea mu sed
,

w i t h t he v a rio u s a b s u rd fo r m xorci s mw hic h he r eco m

,

u l a: o f e

mend s a g a i nst t heir effect s a s t ho u gh if t heir obj ect w er e t o

, ,

dri ve a w a y t he ev i l o n e or t o c a ll u p on Di vi ne i nt erferen c e one

prop er for m
, ,

u l a w o u l d no t b e su f ci e nt fo r e ve r y c a s et ha t co u ld
occ u r T hey r a i sed a t w i ll d es t ru c t i vest orm
. s t hey c a u s ed b ar
renna s e bo t h o f l i v i ng b ei n g s a nd o f t he fru i t s o f t he ea r t h : a
ma n a t Polt ingen in t he dioc es e of L a u sa nne b y p l a c ing a
,

c ha r m
, ,

ed l isa r d u nd er t he door st ea d o f a hou se i s s t a t ed t o ha ve

c a u s ed t he g oo d w o m
,

a n o f t he ho u s e t o ha v e a bo r t i ve birt hs d u r

ing s even y ea rs a nd t o ha v e produ c ed t he s a m e e ect o n a l l

'

l i vi ng cr ea t u res o f her s ex w hi c h r em
,

a i ne d w i t hi n her d w ell ing ;

w hen t he s orc er er w a s s ei z ed a nd m , a d e a fu ll co nfes s ion o f his
ev i l pr a c t i c es no l i z a rd w a s fo u nd in t hesp o t i ndic a t ed b u t a s it
w a s s u p p o s ed du ri ng so l o ng a p eriod o f t i m
, , .

e t o ha ve b een eu
t ir e l y d ec o m p o sed by d eca y a ll t he du st u nder t hedoor w as car e
,
 S O R C E RY I N S W IT Z E RL AND . 95

fu lly ca r r i ed a w a y , a nd fro im e t he i n m at e mt h
s we r e r el i ev ed
at t
fro m
t h i s s ev er e v i s i t a t io n T hey s o m et i m es r a i s ed ill ici t l o v e
a nd a t o t h er s h i nd er ed t he co ns u m ma t io n o f ma r r i a g e exci t ed
.

ha t r ed b et w een m
, ,

a n a n d w i fe a nd r a i s ed di ss e n s i o ns b e t w een
T hey d r o ve hor s es m a d a nd m a d e t h em
,

t h e d ea r es t fri end s .
,

r u n a w a y w i t h t heir rid er s T hey conv ey ed a w a y t heprop er t y o f

t ho u gh i n m o st o f t heex a m
.

ot h ers i n t o t heir o w n po s s e s s io n pl es ,

ci t ed t h e prop er t y t hu s co n v e y ed a w a y co ns i st ed o f a rt ic l es o f
sm T hey m
,

a ll v a l u e a d e kno w n p e op l es s ecr et s w er e endo w ed

.
,

w i t h t h e po w er o f s eco nd s i g ht a nd w er e a bl e t o for et ell ev ent s

-
, .

They c a u s ed p eopl et o b e s t r u ck w i t h l i g ht ni n g or t o b e vi s i t ed
w i t h g ri ev o u s di s ea s es a n d did m
,

a ny o t her d et est a b l et hi n g s
T heir enm
.

i t y a pp ea r s t o ha ve b een es p eci a lly di r ec t ed a g a i ns t

l i t t l e chi l dr en T her e w er e p er so ns o f bo t h s ex es w ho co n
fes s ed t o ha vi n g t r a ns for m ed t hem
.

se l v es i nt o w o l ves a nd ot her
ra v en o u s b ea st s in ord er t o d evo u r t hemm or e a t t h ei r ea s e
Th ey w a t c hed oppor t u ni t i es o f p u shi ng t hemi nt o r iv er s a nd
, .

w el l s o r o f bri n g i ng u po n t hemo t h er a pp a r ent ly a ccid ent a l

,

dea t hs T heir a pp et i t e fo r c hi l dr en is s a id t o h a ve b een so

.

g r ea t t h a t w hen t he y co u l d no t
g e t t h o s e o f o t he r p e r s o n s t he y
T hey w a t ched m
, ,

w o u l d d ev o u r t hei r o w n or e esp eci a lly n ew

bo rn infa nt s w hic h if po s s ibl e t hey ki ll ed b efor e b a pt i s m in
.

su c h a m r as t o m a k e t he m
, , , ,

a nn e o t hers b el i ev e t ha t t hey ha d d i ed
na t u r a lly or b ee n o v erl a i n W hen bu ri ed t he w i t c h es d u g t he
bo di es o u t of t he g ra ves a nd c a r ri ed t hemt o t he s c ene o f t heir
, .
,

t ri t es w her e w i t h v a rio u s c ha r m y boi l ed t hemi n

,

s ecr e s t he

mt o a n u ngu ent w hich w a s one o f

, , ,

ca l dr o n s a n d r ed u c ed t he
t h ei r m
, ,

o st ef ci ent prep a ra t io ns The l iqu or in w h ic h t h ey .

w er e boi l ed w a s dr a w n o ff a nd c a r efu lly p r es er ved in a sk s

A ny o ne w ho dr a n k o f it b ec a m e in a n i nst a nt a p er fec t m
, .

a st er
of t h e w ho l e a r t o f m
,

a ic
g .

S u c h w er e t he S w i ss w i t c hes o f t heb eg i nni ng o f t he ft eent h

ce nt u r y The l a rg e p r opor t i o n o f t he c hi l dr en w h ic h di ed in
t he m iddl e a g es fro mw a nt o f c l ea nnes s a nd i m prop er t r ea t m
.

ent
ma y a c cou nt in s o me mea su re fo r t he rea diness w i t h w hic h
, ,

, ,

peo p l e b el i eved in t he a g en c y o f w i t c hcr a ft t o c a u se t heir d e

st r u c t i o n John Nid a r m a k es no t t he s l i ht est a ll u s io n t o t he
g
w i t c hes s a bb a t h m eet i ng s a ci r c u m
.

s t a n c e w hic h n a t u ra lly l ea d s

,

u s t o su p p o s e t ha t t hi s w a s n o t t h e n a n a rt ic l e o f p o pu l a r b el i ef
in t he d i s t r ic t w i t h t he su p er st i t io ns o f w hic h hew a s a cq u a i nt ed .

'
T his m g hi emedie i d i t e t he m t eff e t i e ne
sing u l a r w r it er , on s r s, n ca s as os c v o
t t he om
a
t heg di g f t hep i f l ei y me t f
e e p
ld w om
a ny n ou n n, n c
en ! V et l r m pe t s et ll q ni m emex u nnt
oa n s o g q a ss on o ov _
o r u

o u a u as c u oo o a a or cu .
96 S O R C E R Y A ND M A GIC .

T hey ha d s o met i mes meet i ng s a t w m

hic h t he de on a p pea r ed in
p er s o n , ei t her t o i n i t i a t e n ew co nv ert s , or t o o bt a i n hi s a id in t he
m
p er p et r a t io n o f s o e g r ea t i s c hi ef m
m m
.

A y o u ng a n , n a ed S t a d elin , w a s s ei z ed a t B er n e, o n su s
p i c io n o f b e i n g a s o r c er er , a n d s u b m i t t ed t o t he m os t cr u el t o r

t u r es , u nt i l a t l a s t he w a s co m m
p ell ed t o a k e a co nfess i o n H e
m
.

a v e t he fo ll o w i n g a cc o u nt o f t he o d e in w hic h a n ew s o r c e r er
g
w a s i n i t i a t ed m
H e u s t r s t in a c hu r c h , b efor e w i t n es s es w ho
m
.

w er e a l r ea d y o f t he o r d er , ake a fu ll d en i a l o f his fa i t h a nd
b a pt i sm H e w a s t hen t a k en t o a m eet i ng , a nd m a d e t o d o ho m
m m
.

a e t o t he l i t tle a s t er , a s t he d e o n w a s c a ll ed A ask
g
m
.

w a s n ex t b r o u g ht f o rt h , a nd he dr a n k o f t he l iqu or a bo v e e n

t io ned , a ft er w h ic h , w i t ho u t fu r t her i n st ru c t i o n , h e b ec a e f u lly m

a nd i n t i m ate ly a cqu a i nt ed w i t h t he w ho l e a r t , a nd a ll t hec u s t o s m
a n d p r a c t ic e s o f t he s orc e r er s
. m
I a nd y w i fe, s a id S t a d el in,
w er e t hu s s ed u c ed a nd i n i t i a t ed ; b u t she, I kno w , i s t o o s t ro ng
l y po s s es s ed b y t he ev r l o n e, a nd t o o ob st i na t e i n her il l w a ys ,

t o co n fes s , a l t ho u g h I k no w t ha t w e a r e bo t h w i t c he . s The in
i s it o r o r d er ed S t a d e l in t o b e b u r nt b ec a u s e he ha d co nfe ss ed
q u

m
,

a nd his w i fe b e c a u s e s hew o u l d no t co n fes s fo r s o fa r t h e a n s

a ss e m
r t io n w a s v er i ed , t ha t t he poor w o a n d eni ed a ll he s a i d,
a n d w a s d r a gg ed t o t he s t a k e ,
ob s t i n a t ely p ers i s t i ng in t he d ec
l a r a t io n t ha t s he w a s i nn oc ent
m
.

S t a d el in co n fess ed t ha t he ha d b een i nst ru ent a l in p erp et ra

t i ng m u ch m m
i s c hi ef by ea ns o f t hu n d er a nd l i ght ni ng T he .

w a y , he s a id , in w hic h t hey e ec t ed t hi s , w a s t o go t o a p l a c e
'

w h er e t her e w er e c r o s s r o a d s , a nd t her e c a ll u po n a d e o n,
-
m
w ho i mm m
edi a t ely c a e T hey t hen s a cri c ed t o hi m a b l a ck

m
.

c hick en , a nd a d e t heir e er ing by t o ss i ng it u p in t he a ir

m mm m
.

T h i s w a s fo ll o w ed a l o st i edi a t ely b y a v io l ent s t or , w h i ch

w as m o st d est ru c t i v e i n t he p l a c es t ha t ha d b een poin t ed o u t t o
m
t he d e o n s a ng er

Itm a
y b e ob se r ved t ha t t h e b el i ef t h a t
m m
.
,

st o r s we r et hew ork o f d e o n s , w ho w er e su ppo s ed t o b e pr es

m
ent in t he , w a s u ni v er s a lly c u r r ent d u ri ng t he idd l e a g es m
m
.

A t t hi s p eriod , t he d e o n s , c o nt ra ry t o t hei r p r a c t ic e i n a l a
m m
t er a g e, s ee t o h a v e ex er t ed t he s el v es in t hed efen c e o f t h eir
w o r shipp er s , w hen t he l a t t er w er e i n d a ng er o f fa l l i ng i nt o t he
ha nd s o f j u st ic e Th e ev i l o ne g ener a lly u s ed his po w er t o en
.

a b l e h is v o t a r i e s t o s u ppor t t heir t ort u r es w i t ho u t co nfes s i n

g
.

W hen t h e ord er w a s g i v en t o a rr est S t a d elin , t he o i c er s s ent

in s ea rc h o f hi m m
fel t su c h a s u dd en nu b nes s i n t heir ha n d s
a nd mm m
e b ers , t ha t t hey w ere a l o ng t i e b efor et hey co u l d t a k e
m
h o l d of hi .
 THE INQUI SI T O R P U NIS H ED .
97

m mm
The w i t c hes , a t t hi s t i e, so et i es co u nt er a c t ed ea c h ot her ,
m
w h i c h , a ccordi ng t o t he i n fo r a t io n g i ven t o Jo hn Nid er b y eu
o t her i n qu is i t or , w a s eff ec t ed in t he foll o w i ng a nn er : A p er m
so n w m
ho b el i ev ed hi sel f t o b e b ew i t c hed , a n d w ho d es ir ed t o
t a k e v en g ea n c e o n t he p er s o n w ho ha d b ew i t c h ed h i , t ho u gh m
m
ent ir ely i gnor a nt w ho w a s h is t or ent or , a pp l i ed fo r t hi s p u r
po s e t o a no t her w i t c h, a nd t o l d her h is c a s e S he i mm edi a t ely
m
.

t oo k l ea d , el t ed it , a n d t hr ew it i nt o a v es s el o f w a t er , a nd , b y
m a gi c a l a g e n c y , it r ec ei v ed t he ru d e s ha p e o f a m an She t hen
mm m
.

s a id , I n w hic h e b er o f h is bod y w i ll yo u h a ve e pu n i sh
y o u r ene y ? m
m mm
A nd u po n his n a i ng t he e b er , she st ru c k
a s h a rp i ns t rmu en t i nt o t h e corr espo ndi ng p a rt o f t he l ea d en g
u re T he i nqu i s i t or a ss u r ed John Nid er t ha t t he s orc er er w ho
m
.

w a s t h e a u t ho r o f t he w i t c hc r a ft b y w hic h t he co p l a i n a nt ha d
b een a ect ed y nev er fa i l ed t o s u ffer in t he id ent ic a l p a r t o f t he
'

b od y w hic h ha d b een st ru ck in ef gy b y t he w i t c h
m m
.

T h ei nq u i s i t or s t he s el ves w er e n o t a l w a y s s a fefr o t hev e n

e a nc e o f t he w i t c he s P et er t h e i n q u i s i t or of Be r ne, t o l d Ni
g .
,

d er t ha t he w a s ob l i g ed t o b e co ns t a nt ly o n his g u a rd , for heha d

b een s o g r ea t a p er s ec u t or o f s orc er er s , t ha t he k n ew t hey ha d
b een l o ng w a t c hi n g for a n opport u ni t y o f i nj u ri n g hi m H e,
m
.

ho w ev er , w a s st ro n g in t he fa i t h, a n d hes i gn ed hi s el f w i t h t he
s i g n o f t he cro s s a t n i ght w hen he w e nt t o his b ed , a nd a a i n
g
w h en he a ro s e in t h e m orn ing . O nc e, ho w ever , t he O pp o r t u
n it y , l o n g l ook ed fo r , occ u rr ed .

P et er , w hi l e h o l di ng t h e o f c e o f j u d g e ov er B ern e, r es i d ed
in t h e c a s t l e o f B la nck enb u r g , w hic h, o n r es i g n i n g his o f c e, he
i t t e d t o re t rn t o a ho u s e in t he ci t y ; b u t , o n e o f his o w n
q u u

fr i end s b ei ng el ec t ed his su cc ess or , he w a s no t a n u n fr equ ent

vi s i t er t o t he c a s t l e O ne d a y hew en t t hi t her , a nd , in r es i gni n g
m m m
.

hi s el f t o sl u b er , he si gn ed hi s el f a s u su a l I t ha pp ened ,
mm m
.

ho w ev er , t ha t du ri ng t he d a y he ha d co i t t ed so e o v er si ght
in his r el i g iou s d u t i es , w hic h t ook fr o m m
t hi s c er e o ny it s ordi
na r y d egr ee o f ef c a c y I t w a s his i nt ent ion t o ri s e in t h e id m
m
.

dl e o f t he ni ght , a n d t o p a ss a n ho u r o r t w o in w r i t ing s o e
co rr es po nd e nc e of a n i m m
port a nt c ha r a c t er A t id ni g ht hew a s
m m
.

d ist u rb ed fro his s l eep in a n u n a cco u nt a b l e a nner , a nd p er

ceivin g a l i g ht l ik e t h a t o f d a y , h e su ppo s ed t h a t it w a s m orn i ng ,
a nd t ha t h i s s e m
rva nt ha d forg o t t o c a ll hi a t t he t i ea ppo int ed m
m m
.

H e ro s e fro hi s b ed in a n i ll hu or , a nd w ent do w n s t a ir s t o
-

see m
k h is w ri t i n g a t eri a l s , b u t he fo u n d t ha t t he roo m in w hic h
t hey ha d b een l eft w a s l ock ed P et er no w bu rst i nt o a gr ea t
m m
.

r a e, a nd r e t u r n ed p t a ir s t o b e d u t t e ri ng al ed i ct io ns, b u t
g u s ,

9
98 S O R CE RY A ND M AGIC .

he ha d ha r dly prono u nc ed t he w ord s in t he devi l s na m e (in

no m i ne d ia b a l a) w hen he s u dd enly fo u n d hi m se l f in u t t er d a r k
n es s a m
,

id d r ea d fu l noi s es a n d he w a s s t r u ck do w n w i t h so
mu c h forc e t ha t he r ema i ned s en s el ess o n t he st eps u nt i l his
, ,

rva n t w ho s l ep t n ea r r o u s ed by t he u nu s u a l noi se c a m
,

se e to
his a ssi s t a nc e Fo r a t i m e t he i nq u i s i t or s eem
, , ,

.
,
ed t o b e ent irely
d epri ved o f his r ea s o n a n d it w a s t hr ee w eek s b efore he t e
u s e o f his m m
,

a i ned t he p e r fe c t e b e r s
g .

T he c a u s e o f t hi s s i ngu l a r vi s i t a t io n w a s a ccid ent a lly bro u ght

t o l i ght s o m e t im e a ft er w a rd A m a n o f F rib u r h
'

.
g w o w as ,

l ook ed u po n su sp icio u sly in his o w n n ei g hborhood w ent on

b u s i ness t o B er ne a nd s a t in a t a vern dri nki ng w i t h s o m
,

e of
S u dd enly he a pp ea red a b st r a c t ed a nd exc l a i m
, ,

t h e c i t i z ens ed
I s ee a o a n d s o [ m ent io ni n g a m a n s na m e] c r eepi ng ro u n d m
.
, ,

y
- -

ho u s e a nd s t ea l i ng t he l i n es I ha d l a id in t heri v er t o c a t c h sh
T hi s w a s s eco nd s i g ht o r a s t h e m es m
.
,

-
er i s t w ou l d s a y cla ir
v o a n ce fo r t h e m m an m
, , ,

a n s h o u s ew a s di s t a nt a bo u t s ix G e r i l e

s
y
n ea r ly t h i r t y E ng l i s h m i l es fr o mB erne T he p er so ns w ho
, ,

or

w er e s i t t i ng b y l ook ed a t himw i t h a s t o n i s hm
. , .

ent ; a nd a ft er t he
r st m om ent o f s u r p r i s e t a ki ng h imfo r a s orc er er t hey s ei z ed
, ,

u po n hi m a n d c a rr i ed h imb efo r e t he i nq u i s i t or
, ,

The l a t t er p u t
h imt o t he t o r t u r e d u r i ng t w o d a y s w i t ho u t c ect ; b u t o n t he
, .

t hird w hic h h a pp en ed t o b e t he fea s t o f t he V i r g i n he m

, ,

a de a

co n fes s io n a ft er st a t i ng t ha t t he d em o n ha d hi nd er ed himfr om
, ,

co n fes s i ng d u r i ng t he t w o pr ec edi n g d a ys b u t t ha t d a y b ei ng , ,

u nd er t he i n u en c e o f t h e V ir i n t he en d ha d l o s t h is po w er
g
Am
.
,

o n g o t her t hi n g s he st a t ed t ha t he w a s o n e o f fo u r s orc er
,

er s w ho ha d j oi n ed w i t h a w i t c h t o t a k e ven g ea nc e on t he in
m
,

q u i s it o r w h o a s j u d g e o f B e r n e h a d g i v en j u d g e n t a
g a i n s t h e r
in so m e c a s e w hic h ha d co m
, , ,

e w i t hi n hi s j u r i s dic t ion H esa i d

am
.
,

t ha t o n s u c h a d a i n g t he d a o n w hic h t he i nq u i s i t or ha d
y ( n y
p a id his u nl u ck y v i s i t t o B l a n c k enb u r g ) ha vi ng l ea r ned t ha t t he
i nq u i s i t o r w a s l es s o n h is g u a r d t ha n u su a l t hey ha d m
,

et t o
m
,

g e t h e r i n a c e r t a i n e l d a n d b y e a n s o f s orc e r y h a d c au se d
t he a ccid ent w hic h h a d fa ll en u po n himin t hen i g ht
, , ,

T he i n .

u i s it o r r a ve ly t t e d t h t h e did t b el i e e t h t t h e i d i id
q g s a a n o v a n v u
ms el ves ha d b een p er so n a lly t her e t o st rik e himb u t t h a t
,

a l s t he

t he d evi l ha d s t ru ck h ima t t heir biddi ng

,

F ro mt he t i m
, .

e o f Jo hn Nid er t he p er s ec u t io n o f w i t c h es i n
G er m
,

a ny i n c r ea s ed in i nt en s i t y I n 1 4 8 4 a b u ll o f t he p O pe .
,

a ppoi nt e d i nqu i si t or s fo r t hi s especi a l pu r po s e a nd t he fo ll o w i ng

y ea r t hey b u r nt u p w a rd o f for t y w i t h i n a s m
,

a ll s p a c e o n t h e

bord ers of Au st r i a a n d I t a ly I n 1 4 86 t he em p eror M a xi m

,

. ilian ,
 T HE M A LL E US M A LEFI C A RUM . 99

I t hen a t B ru ss el s t ook t he p a p a l i nqu i s i t ors s ent t o pu t do w n

w it c h cr a ft in G er m
.
, , ,

a ny u nd er h is p r o t e c t io n Nevert hel ess t he

a rc h d u k e S i g i s m u nd w ho w a s p r i n c e o f t he T y r o l a nd a m
, .
,

an

j u dic es o f his t i m
, ,

a b o ve t h e ordi n a ry pr e e a t r s t g a ve w h a t
ct io n he co u l d t o t he m
,

p r o t e i s er a b l e obj e c t s o f p er s e c u t io n ; b u t
he w a s a t l en g t h obl i g ed t o a ll o w hi m se l f t o b e c a rri ed a w a y b y
t h e p o pu l a r t o r r ent H e em . pl oy ed U l ric M ol i t or t o co m po s e a
di a l o g u e o n t he su bj ec t w hic h w a s pri nt ed u nd er t he t i t l e De
,

Pyt ho ni cis Mu l zer zb u s a t C o n s t a n c e in t he b eg i nn i ng o f 1 4 8 9

'

I n t h i s t ra c t t he a rc hd u k e S i g i sm
, , .

u nd U l ric M o l i t or a nd a ci t i

z en o f C o ns t a n c e na m
, , ,

ed C o nr a d S c ha k a r e i nt rodu c ed a s t he
int er l oc u t or s S i g i s m m m
, ,

, u nd a r u i n
g g g a a i n s t t h e co o n b e l i ef I n .

co n c l u s io n t he w i t c hes a r ej u d g ed w or t hy o f ex ec u t io n a l t hou g h
, ,

t h e o pi nio n s her e expr es s ed a s t o w i t c hcr a ft i t s el f a r e b y no

mea ns t hose o f t he i nq u i s it ors F r o mt hi s t i me t here a ro s et w o
s o ne o f w hic h s u st a i n ed t h a t a l l t he cri m s im
.

a rt i e e p u te d to
p ,

t h e w i t c hes w er e r ea l bo n a d e a c t s w hi l e t h e o t her a s s er t ed
t ha t m a n y o f t he circ u m y w erem
,

s t a nc es t o w hic h t he a d e t o con

f es s su c h a s t heir b ei ng c a rri ed t hr o u gh t he a ir a nd t heir pr es

en c e a t t he s a bb a t h w er e m er e d el u s io ns p r od u c ed o n t heir i m
, ,

a g i n a t io n b y t h ei r m
, ,

a st e r t he d evi l B o t h p a rt i es ho w ev er

m
.
, ,

a r eed in g ener a l t o t he co nd e n a t io n o f t he o ff en d er s
g .

U n d er t he p a p a l i nq u i si t or s appo i n t ed by t he hu l l o f 1 4 84 t he ,

per s ec u t io n o f p eop l e a cc u s ed o f w i t c hcr a ft w a s c a rri ed o n w i t h

a f u r y w hich c a n o nly b e co m p a r ed w i t h w ha t t ook p l a c e in d if
fer ent co u nt ri es a t t he l a t t er p a rt o f t he en d o f t he fo ll o w i ng cen
t u ry . H u nd r ed s o f w r et c hed indiv id u u l s w er e p u b l ic ly bu rnt a t
t he s t a k e w i t hi n t he s p a c e o f a f ew y ea r s A s a n a po l o g y fo r
.

t hes e p roc eedi ng s t w o o f t h e i n q u i s i t or s J a cob S pr en g a r a nd

a s t he o t her is n a m m
, ,

( e d in L a t in
) H e n r ie u s I nst i t or e p l o y e d
t hem l ves in co m pi l i ng a r a t her l a r g e vo l u m
,

se e u nd er t he t i t l e
M a lleu s M a le ca r u m w h ic h w a s pri nt e d b for e t h e end o f t he
,
e
ft eent h c ent u ry I n t hi s c el ebra t ed w ork t he doc t ri neo f w i t ch
d u c ed t o a r eg u l a r sy st em a nd it w a s t he m
.
,

cr a ft w a s r s t r e o
,
od el
a n d g ro u n d w o r k o f a ll t ha t w a s w ri t t e n o n t he s u b j ec t l o ng a ft er
t he d a t e w hic h s a w it s r s t a pp ea r a nc e I t s w r i t er s ent er l a r g e
1y i nt o t he m d q u est io n o f t he n a t u r e o f d em
.

u c h d i sp u t e o ns ; s et
en in t hi s m
-

fo r t h t he c a u s es w hic h l ea d t hemt o s ed u c e m a nn er ;

a n d sho w w hy w o m en a r e m o s t prone t o l i s t en t o t heir pr o

o s a ls b y re a s o ns w hic h pro v e t h a t t h e i n q u i s i t or s h a d b u t a
p
mea n est i ma t e o f t he so ft er s ex T he i nqu i s it o r s show t he mo st
,

ex t r a ordi n a r y s ki ll in exp l a i n i ng a ll t hedi f c u l t i es w h ic h s eem

.

ed
t t he s u bj ec t ; t hey even pro ve t o t heir ent ir e sa t i sfa c t io n
.

t o b es e
1 00 S O R C E R Y A ND M AGIC .

t ha t perso ns w ho ha v e b eco m e w i t c hes m ay e a s i l y cha n e t he

g m
s el v es i nt o b e a s t s p a rt ic u l a rly i nt o w o l v es a nd c a t s a nd a f t e r t he
ex hibi t io n o f su c h a m
,

a s s o f l ea r n i n f ew w o u l d ve n t u r ea n l on
g y g
T hey i nves t i g a t e n o t only t he m
,

er t o ent ert a i n a d o u b t et hod s

em p l oyed t o eff ec t v a riou s k i nd s o f mi s c h i ef b u t a l s o t he cou n
,
.

t er ch a r m s a nd exo r ci s m s t ha t m m
,

-
a
y b e u s ed a g a i ns t t he T h ey
l ik ew i s e t ell fro mt heir o w n exp eri enc e t h e d a ngers t o w hic h
.

, ,

t he i nq u i s i t or s w er e expo sed a n d exu l t i n t hef a ct t ha t t hey w er e

a c l a ss o f m en a g a i ns t w ho msorc er y ha d n o po w er
,

T hes ew r i
t er s a c t u a lly t ell u s t ha t t he d em o n ha d t ri ed t o f ri g ht en t h emb y
.

d a y a n d b y ni ght in t he for m
,

s o f a p es do g s g o a t s & c ,
a nd t ha t
, , .

t hey fr equ en t ly fo u n d l a r g e pi ns st u ck i n t heir n i ght c a p s w hic h -

t hey do u b t ed n o t c a m
,

et her e by w i t c hcr a ft When w e h ea r t hes e

i nqu i s i t o r s a s s er t i n g t ha t t he cri m
.

e o f w hi c h t he w i t c hes w ere
a cc u s e d d es erved a m o re e x t r em e pu ni shm ent t ha n a l l t he vi l est
a c t io ns o f w hic h hu m a n i t y i s c a p a b l e w eca n u nder s t a n d i n s o m
,

e
d eg r ee t he co m
,

pl a c en c y w i t h w hic h t hey r el a t e ho w b y t h ei r
mea ns fo r t y p ers o ns ha d b een b u r ned in o n e p l a c e a nd ft y in
,

r nu m b er in a t hird F ro mt he t i m
, ,

a n o t her a nd a s t i ll g r ea t e e of
u s IlI a le ca r u m t he co nt i n e
, .

t he p u b l ic a t io n o f t he Ma l le n t a l pr es s

d u r i ng t w o or t hr ee g en er a t ions t eem
.
,

ed w i t h pu b l ic a t ions o n t he
a ll a b s o r bi n g s u bj ec t o f s orc er y
-

O ne o f t he poi nt s o n w hic h Opi nio n h a d di ff er ed m

.

o st w a s ,

w het her t he s o r c er er s w er e c a r ri ed bodi ly t hro u gh t he a ir t o t he

pla c e of m eet i ng or w het her it w a s a n i m a i na r y jo u rn ey su
g g
m
, ,

g e st e d t o t hei r in d s b y t h e a
g e n c y o f t h e e v i l o ne T he nu .

t ho r s o f t he M a llcu s d ecid e a t o n c e in fa v or o f t he bodi ly t r a n s

mi s sion O neo f t hemw a s perso na lly a cqu a i nt ed w i t h a pri est o f
.

t he dioc es eo f Fr is in g en w ho d ec l a r ed t ha t h eha d in his y o u ng er

d a y s b een c a rri ed t h rou g h t hea ir by a d em
,

o n t o a p l a c e a t a v er y
r e a t di st a n c e fr o mt he sp o t w h e c e h e h d b e e t k e Ah
g n a n a n
ot her pri est his fr i end d ec l a r ed t ha t he ha d s een himc a rri ed
.

a r ed t o hi m
, ,

a w a y a n d t ha t hea pp e
, t o b ebor n eu p o n a k i nd o f c l o u d .

A t B a ld s hu t o n t h e R hi n e in t he dioc es e o f C o n st a nc e a w i t c h
, , ,

co nfes s ed t ha t o end ed a t no t ha vi n g b een i nv it ed t o t he w ed

,

di ng o f a n a cqu a i nt a n c e she ha d cau s ed hers el f t o b e c a rri ed

,

t hro u g h t he a i r in O p en d a yl i ht t o t he t o o f a n ei hbori n
g p g g
mo u nt a i n a nd t her e ha vi ng ma d ea hol ew i t h her ha nd s a nd ll ed
, ,

, ,

it w i t h w a t er s he ha d b y s t ir r i ng t hew a t er w i t h c ert a i n i n c a nt a
t io ns c a u s ed a hea v y s t or mt o b u r s t for t h o n t he hea d s o f t he
, ,

w eddi ng p a rt y ; a nd t her e w er ew i t nes s es a t t he t ri a l w ho sw or e

-

t hey s a w her c a rr i ed t hr o u h t he a ir T h e i n q u i s i t or s ho w e ve r
g
co nfess t ha t t he w i t ches w er e s o m et i m
.
, ,

, es c a rri ed a w a y 33 t hey :
 wa s INVO K E R or R AIN: 1 01

t er mit , in t he sp iri t ; a nd t hey g ive t he i nst a nce b f o n e w o a n m

w ho w a s w a t c hed b y her hu s b a n d ; she a p p ea r e a a s if a s l e
J
ep ,

a nd w a s in s e ns ib l e, b u t b e p erc ei v ed a ki nd o f cl o u d va o r a ri s e
g p
m
o

o u t o f her m
o u t h, a nd va ni s h fro t he roo in w hich she l a ym '

m
t h i s a ft er a t i e r et u r ned , a nd she t hen a w ok e, a nd ave a n a c
g
-

co u nt o f he r a d ve nt u r es , a s t hou gh sheha d b een c a rri e d b odi ly t o

m

t h e a ss e b ly
m
.

T h e S w i ss a nd G er a n w i t c hes a r er epr es ent ed a t t hi s p e r iod

a s s h o w i n g a n ext r a ordi na r y ea g er n es s t o m a k e co nve rt s I he "

m m m
.

n eop hyt ew a s a d i t t ed ei t her a t t heg r ea t so l e n a s s e b l i es o r a t

s m a l l er p ri v a t e m m
eet i ng s w h er e t he d e o n w a s pr es ent b e o r
'

s h e w a s ob l i g e m
d t o d eny fa i t h in C hri st , do ho a g e t o t hed e on! m
a n d t he n r ec ei ved fr o m his h a nd s a c ert a i n qu a nt i t y o f a n u n

g u e n t ,m a de o f m en

s bo n es a n d t h e es h o f u nb a p t i z ed i n fa n t s .

I t w a s t hi s u n gu ent w hic h, b ei ng ru bb ed o n t he body , ena b l ed t he

s o rc er e r t o t ra vel t hro u gh t he a ir
m m m
.

S o e p er so ns , even o f t he s a e s ex, w er e na t u ra lly ore

p ro n e t o b eco m e w i t c h es t ha n o t h e r s a n d t h i s w a s ob s er v e d t o

m
,

r u n in f a i li es , s o t ha t w hen a w i t c h w a s convic t ed , a l l her k in

m
d r ed fell u nd er s u sp icio n , a nd t h e nu b er o f pro s ec u t io ns in
c re a s ed a s t he y w ent on T hechi l d r en o f a w i t c h a l o st a l w a y s m
m mm
.

f o ll o w ed in t he t r a ck o f t hei r o t her , a nd t hey w er e s o et i es

en do w ed w i t h t he po w er o f s orc er y l o n g b efor e t hey a r r i ved a t
a n a g e t o u nd e r st a nd t he s i nfu l nes s o f t heir cond u ct T he r ev .

er en d i n q u i s i t or s w ho w ro t e t he M a lleu s , t ell u s o f a s i ngu l a r fa c t

m
w hic h ha d c o e u nd er t hei r o w n i mm edi a t e no t ic e A fa r er m
m
.

i n S w i t z erl a nd w a s w a l ki ng o u t i nt o his el d s , a n d bi t t erly co

pl a i ni ng o f t he w a nt o f ra i n w hic h w a s r end erin g t he st eri l e m
m
.

A l i t t l e g i r l o f o nly ei ght y ea rs o f a g e a cco st ed hi , a nd sa id in

a p l a y fu l m a nne r , Y o u need no t g ri eve fo r w a nt o f ra i n, fo r I
c a n g i ve ou a s
y m u ch a s
y o u l ik e

m m
.

T he l a t t er , in a st o ni sh ent , exc l a i ed , W ho t a u ght t heet o

b r ing r a i n ?

I l ea r ned it fro mm m y o t h e r ,

w a s t he r e p .ly

An d ho w do yo u p roc eed t o effec t t hi s obj ec t ? i n qu ir ed t he
m
f a r er
m m
.

G i ve es o ew a t er , s a id t hel i t t l eg i r l , a n d I w i ll sho w you
m m
.

T he fa r er t oo k her t o a s a ll b r ook w hich w a s nea r a t ha nd

m
.

No w , s a id b e, if yo u c a n , c a u s e t he r a i n t o fa ll u po n a ll y


el d s , b u t u p o n t ho s e o f n o ot her p er s o n .

T he l it t l e g irl pu t her ha n d i n t he w a t er , s t irr ed i t i n a p a r t i e

u la r m a nne m m m
r , u t t eri ng a t t h es a e t i eu ni nt ell i g ib l ew ord s , a nd
l e n t i f l sho w e r f e l l p o n t h e mf r e r
s la nd s , a s he d e s ir e d
a
a u u
p .

9
1 02 S O R C E R Y A ND M AGI C .

H e t hen a sk d her if she co u l d prod u c e ha i l o r t hu nder , a nd on

h e r a n s w e ir
j g
n i n t h e a i r a t i ve h e i nt i a m
t e d h i s w i s h t o h a ve m
m m m
,

a sa

m
p l e a ha i l s t or in o ne el d o nly The g irl o v ed her
-

m
.

h a nd s o r e v io l ent ly in t h e w a t er utte ri ng o t her w ords , a nd a

mm m
,

hea vy: show er o f ha i l fo ll o w ed i edi a t ely W hen t he fa r er,

m
.

g r ea a z ed a t t h i s i ns t a n c e o f p o w e r in a chi l d , inqu ir ed
'

st il

ho wsheha d b een t a u g ht t o do t hi s , she s a id , M y o t her g a ve

'

m
m meaj a st er , a nd he t a u ght e
m
m
.
,

The fa r er pr es s ed her fo r a fu rt her expl a na t ion, a nd a s k e d

her if she s a w t hi s a s t er v i s ib ly m
m mm m m
.

Y es , she s a id , w hen I a w it h o h er I se e e
'

y t n co

m
0

ing in a nd g oi n g o u t , a n d t hes e y o t her t ell s e a r e o u r mm as m

ter sf

T hi s i nnoc ent r ev el a t io n l ed i z r e o f t hew o m

t o t he s e u
a n on

su spicio n o f b e i ng a w i t c h ; sh e w a s c a r r i ed b efor e t he i nqu i si

t or s p u t t o t he t or t u r e u n t i l s he co nfes s ed a n d t hen b u r nt The
ch i l d w a s sp a r ed o n a cco u nt o f it s a g e b u t a s a m
.
, ,

ea su re o f p r e ,

c a u t io n it w a s p l a c ed in a nu n ner y
T he w i t c h es o f t he M a l leu s M a la ca r u ma p p ea r t o ha v e b een
.
,

more i nj u r iou s t o ho r s es a nd c a t t l et it a n t o ma nki nd A w i t ch at .

R a ven sp u r g con fes s ed t ha t s h eh a d ki ll ed t w ent y t hr eehor s es by -

s orc ery W e a r e l ed t o w o nd er m
. o st a t t he ea s e w it h w hich
p eop l e a r e bro u ght t o b ea r w i t nes s t o t hi ng s u t t erly b ey o nd t he
lim i t s o f b el i ef A m a n o f t he na m. e o f S t a u tf in t h e t erri t ory ,

of Be rne d ec l a r ed t ha t w hen p u r su ed b y t he a g e nt s o f j u st ic e
h e es c a p ed b y t a ki ng t he fo r mo f a m
, ,

ou s e; a nd p ers o n s w ere
fo u nd t o t es t i fy t ha t t hey ha d seen h imp er formt h i s t ra nsm uta
t i on
The l a t t er p a r t o f t h e w ork o f t he t w o i nqu i si t or s g i v es m
.

i
nu t e dir ec t io ns fo r t h e m od e in w hic h t he p r i s o ners a r e t o b e
t r ea t ed t he m ea n s t o b e u s ed t o forc e t hemt o a co n fes s ion t he
, ,

d eg r ee o f evid enc e r eq u i r ed fo r con vic t ion o f t ho s e w ho w ou l d

n o t co nfes s a n d t he w ho l e pr o c es s o f t h e t r i a l s
, T hes e sho w .

s u f ci e nt ly t h a t t he u nfor t u n a t e w r et c h w ho w a s o n c e bro u ht
g
b efo r e t he i n qu i s i t o r s o f t he ho ly s ee o n t he su spicio n o f s orc er y
ho w ever s l i g ht m
,

i ght b e t he g r o u nd s o f t he c ha r g e ha d very
sm
,

a ll c ha n c e o f e s c a pi n o u t o f t heir c l a w s
g .

The M a lleu s co nt a i ns no d is t inc t a ll u s io n t o t he p roc eed ing s

a t t he sa bb a t h T he w i t c hes o f t hi s p er iod di ff er l i t t l e fro m
.

t ho s e w ho ha d fa ll en i n t o t he ha nd s o f t he ea rl i er i n u i s i t or s o f
q
C o nst a n c e W e s ee p l a i nly ho w in m o st cou nt ri es t h e m y s t e
rio u sly i nd e ni t e cri m
.
, ,

eo f s o r c ery h a d r s t b een s ei z ed o n t o r u i n
t he c a u s e o f g r ea t p o l i t ic a l o ff en d er s u nt i l t he c t i t io u s i m port
,
 WIT C H C R AFT IN S C O TL A ND . 1 03

anc e t h u s i ve n t o it bro u ht for w a rd i nt o a pro m i e t po i t io

g g n n s n
w h i c h t h ey w o u l d p er ha p s n ever o t her w i s e ha v e hel d t he m
,

is
er a b l e c l a s s w ho w er e s u ppo s ed t o b e m
, , ,

,
o re e sp e ci a lly eng a g ed
in it I t w a s t h e j u dici a l p r o s ec u t io n s a n d t h e s a ng u i n a ry ex e
d t ha t s t a m
.

cu t io n s w h ic h fo ll o w e , p ed t ha t c h a r a c t er o f r ea l i t y o n
cha r g es o f w h ic h it r eq u i r e d t w o o r t hr ee c ent u r i es t o co nv i nc e
ma nk i n d o f t he empt i ness a nd v a ni t y O ne o f t he c hi ef ins t r u
men t s in xi ng t he b el i ef in s o r c ery a nd in g i vi ng it t ha t t er r i
.

b l e h o l d o n s oci et y w h ic h it exhibi t ed i n t he fo l l o w i ng c ent u r y

w a s t h e co m
,

pi l a t io n o f J a cob S p r eng er a nd his fell o w i nqu i s i t o r

In t h i s book s orc er y w a s r ed u c ed t o a sy st em b u t it w a s no t yet
.

p erfec t ; a nd w e m u s t l oo k fo r w a r d s o m
,

e h a l f c ent u r y b efo r e w e
nd i t c l o t hed w i t h a l l t he ho r ror s w hic h c a st s o m u ch t err o r ia

t o ev er y c l as s o f s oci et y .

C HAP T E R I X .

W I T C HC R A F T IN S C O TL A ND IN THE S I X T EEN T H C ENT U R Y .

m
1 1 h a s b een a l r ea d y r e a rk ed , t ha t t he s u p er s t i t io n s co nnec t ed
'

w i t h s orc ery a n d m a ic ha d t h e
g ir f o u n d a t io n i n t h e e a r l i m
er y
t ho l o g y O f t he p eo p l e I f w e w o u l d p er c ei v e t hi s co nn ec t io n
m m
.

or e i nt i a t ely , w e ha ve o nly t o t u r n o u r ey es t o w a rd S c o t l a nd ,
3 c o u nt r y in w hic h t h i s y t hmo l o g y h a d p r ese r v ed i t s s w a y o v e r
m m m
.

t he pop u l a r i a g i na t io n u c h l o n er t ha n in t he
g o r e c i vil ize d
sou t h . W e kno w b u t l i t t l e o f t h e S cot t i sh pop u l a r su p er st i t io ns
u n t i l t h e s ix t ee nt h c e nt u r y , w hen t hey a r e f o u nd in n ea r ly t h e

sa m e sha p ein w hic h t hey ha d a pp ea r ed in E ngl a nd in t het w el ft h

a nd t h ir t ee nt h c en t u ri es I n S co t l a nd , w i t c hcr a ft ha d n o t b een
m m m
.

a n i ed a n d odi ed b y t h e sy s t e a t ic a l proc e e di n s o f ecc l e

g g
s ia s t i c a l i nq u i s i t or s , a nd it is t her efo r e fo u n d in a m u ch l e ss

s o p hi s t ic a t ed fo r m
m
.

I n S co t l a nd , a s in o t her p a r t s o f E u rop e, w i t c hcr a ft r s t ake s

m
it s a pp ea r a n c e in j u dici a ry p r oc eedi ng s a s a n i nst r u ent o f po l i t
m
i c a l o r p er s o n a l a ni o s i t y , a nd w a s u s ed w h er e o t her g r o u nd s
o f a cc u s a t io n w er e t o o w ea k t o eff ec t t h e o bj ec t s o f t he a cc u s er .

I n t he l a t t er ha l f o f t he ft eent h c en t u ry , t h e ea r l o f M a r , b r o t her
o f Ja mes w a s a cc u s ed o f c o ns u l t i n g w i t c hes a n d s o r c er er s ,
i n ord er t o s hort en t he ki n g s d a y s , a nd he w a s b l ed t o d ea t h in

h is o w n l od g i ng s , w ho u t even b ei ng bro u gh t t o a t ri a l . Tw e l ve
1 04 S O R C E R Y AND M A GIC .

w t i c hes a nd t hr ee o r fou r w i z a rd s w ere su b sequ e nt ly b u r nt at

E di nbu rgh a s his a cco m
, ,

p l ic es I n t he c ent u r y f ol l o w i ng , in
1 5 32 a w o m t Do u gl a s L a d y Gl a m
.

a n o f r a n k a nd b e a u t y J a ne

mis w a s c ha rg ed w i t h ha v i ng c a u sed t he d ea t h o f her rst hu s

, , ,

b a nd b y s orc ery b u t es c a p ed t o b et ri ed a nd bu rnt a m

,

i d t he g en
er a l co m mi sera t ion of her cou nt ry men fo r a s i mi l ar cri mew hich
, , ,

mp t ed a ga i nst t he p erso n o f J a mes V

,

she w a s sa id t o h a v e a t t e

w i t h a vi ew t o t h e r es t or a t io n o f t heDou gl as fa m
.
,

i ly t heo bj ect of
Ja m
,

es s s p eci a l ha t r ed I n t hes eex ec u t io ns d ea t h w a s t hepu n

i shm
.
,

ent r a t her o f t he t r ea so n t ha n o f t h e sorc ery ; a n d t he r st

s im p l e c a s eo f t he l a t t er w hich w e nd i n t he r ecord s o f t he high
c ou r t o f j u st ici a r y in S co t l a nd is t ha t o f A n e s M u lliki n e a lia s
g
B ess i e B o sw ell o f Du m fer m
, ,

li ng w ho in 1 5 63 w a s b a ni shed
xi l ed fo r w i t chc r a ft a m i ld s ent ence w hic h s el do mo c c u r s
, , , ,

a nd e

in su b s eq u en t t i m
,

es T he r ec o r d s j u s t a ll u d ed t o pu b l is hed a
.
,

f ew y ea r s a g o b y M r R ob er t P i t c a irn w i ll b e o u r c h i ef g u i d e in
.
,

t he hi s t o r y o f s o r c ery in S c o t l a nd
I n S co t l a nd t he w i t ches r ec ei ved t heir po w er n o t f ro mt he
.

evi l on e b u t fro mt he fa iry fo l k w i t h w ho m a t l ea st u nt i l a

, ,

l a t e p eriod t heir co n nec t io n w a s m

, , ,

,
or e i nnoc ent a nd w as c har ,

a ct e r iz e d by no ne o f t he di sg u st i ng p a rt ic u l a r i t i es w h ic h d i st i n
i she d t h e proc e e di n o f t he ir i t e r n t h e co n t i n e n t A
g u g s s s s o c .

n t o
cordi g o a n o l d a nd p p u l a r b a ll a d a s a nc ient p erha p s a s t he
fo u rt eent h c ent u ry t he c el eb r a t ed T ho m a s o f Er cild o w ne oh

t a in ed hi s s u ppo s ed s ki l l i n p r op hec y fro m h is co nnec t io n w i t h

t he qu een o f fa ery I n 1 5 7 6 a v ery ext ra ordi na ry c a s e w a s
.
,

t ri ed b efor et he h i gh co u r t in w hic h t he c h i ef a c t r es s w a s k no w n
,

as Be s s i e D u nl op a n a t i ve o f t he co u nt y o f Ay r a nd w i fe o f a

co t t a g er na m I n her co nfes sio n t hi s w o m

, ,

ed A n d r e J a k a n st a

t ed t ha t she w a s o ne d a y g oi ng fro mher o w n ho u s e t o t he y a r d

.
,

o f M o nk c a s t e ll d r i vi ng her co w s t o t he p a st u r e a nd w eep i ng
, ,

fo r her c o w t ha t w a s d ea d her hu s b a n d a nd c hi l d t ha t
w er e bo t h ly i n g i ll o f a n epid em ic a nd h ers el f new ly ri s en fro m
,

c hi l d b ed w h en a st r a n g e m an m
,
-
, et her b y t he w a y a nd s a l u t ed ,

her w i t h t he w ord s G u d e d a y B ess i e! S he r et u rn ed his
r t o his i nq u i r ies t ol d himo f her t ro u
, ,

s a l u t a t io n a nd in a ns w e

b l es Upo n w hic h he i nfor m

, ,

,
ed her t ha t her c hi l d a s w ell a s t he , ,

s ick c o w a n d t w o o f he r sh e ep w o u l d d ie b u t t ha t her d e
g u

ma n shou l d s oo n r eco ver a ll o f w hic h t ook p l a c e a s he fore

, , ,

,

t ol d S he d es crib ed her i n t erro g a t o r a s

a ne ho nest w e l e el - ~

d er lie m
.

an
g r a y b a ir d it
[ b e a r d e d ] a n d h a d a n e g r a y c o il t w i t h
Lu m
, ,

b a r t sl evis o f t h e a u l d fa ss o u n ; a ne p a ir o f g r a y b r ek is
[ b re ache s
] a n d
, qu b y t e s ch a n k i s
g a r t a n it a bo n
, e t h e k n e ; a n s
 T H OME RE ID A ND B E S SIE D UNL O P . 1 05

b l a c k bo net o n h is heid el oi s e b ehi nd a nd p l a ne b efo ir w i t h

, ,

s i l ki n l a i s s is d r a w i n t hr o w t h e l ip p i s t ha ir o f ; a nd a ne q u b y t e

w a n d in h i s ha nd T hi s p er s o na g e t o l d her a t l a s t t ha t hew a s
o ne T ho m
.

e R eid q u he di et [ d i ed ] a t Pinkye (S ep t 1 0
A nd t hi s a cco u nt w a s c o n r m ed b y t he m
, , . .
,

a nn e r in w h ich
he di s a pp ea r ed t hro u gh t he y a r d o f M o nk c a st el l :
I t hoc ht he
a i t i n a t a n e na r r o w a r e b o il l o f t he dy k e n o r o n e r d lie m an
g y
c u l d ha i f g a ne t hr o w ; a nd s w a I w a s su m
,

t hing eit
I t a pp ea r s t ha t T ho m e R eid ha d b een a t u rn ed o ff s er v a nt o f t he

-

l a ird o f Bl a i r a nd B es s i e D u nl o p w a s o nc e s ent o n a m es s a g e
t o his s o n w ho i nher i t ed his n a m
,

,
e a nd ha d su cc eed ed t o h is
,

p l a c e in t he ho u s eho l d o f t he l a ird o f Bl a i r a n d w ho fu lly con

rm ed T ho m
,

es s t o ry t ha t he ha d g o n e t o t he b a t t l e o f Pin k ye

, ,

a n d fa ll e n in t ha t di s a s t r o u s co nic t

T he nex t t i m e T ho m
.

e R eid a pp ea r ed t o B es si e a s she w a s
r o w n ho u s e a n d t h e t hor n o f Da w m
,

g oin
g b et w e e n h e s t a r n o k
n d ec l a r ed m o r e Op enly his u l t i m
,

a n d he t h e a t e de s i ns
g A ft e r
r em so m m om
.

a i ni n
g e t i e w i t h her T h e a sk e d h e r p o i nt e d ly i f
l i ef in hi mt o w hi ch she r epl i ed w i t h g r ea t n a ivet
,

s he w o u l d b e

T ho m
, ,

S he w o u l d b el i ev e in a ny b o d y w ho d id her g ood e .

h a d hi t hert o sp o k en l ik e a g ood C hr i s t i a n a nd a t t hei r r s t i n

t er v i ew he ha d a ddr ess ed her in t h e n a m
,

eo f t he Bl es s ed V i r g i n ,

b u t no w enco u r a g ed b y h er a ns w er he bo l dly p r opo s ed t o her

d eny her C hri s t endo ma n d t he fa i t h shet ook a t
, ,

t ha t s he s ho u l d
t he b a p t i s m
,

a l fo n t in r et u rn fo r w hic h she shou l d ha ve g ood s
,

a n d hor s e s a nd co w s in a b u n d a n c e b e s id e s o t he r a d va n t a g es
T hi s ho w ev er s he r efu s ed i ndi g na nt ly a nd her t em
.
,

p t er w ent
so m
, , ,

away et h i n g a ng ry w it h her
T ho m es vi s i t s g ener a lly occ u rr ed a t m
,
.

id d a y no t a t t he st i ll

-

h o u r o f n i ght a nd he s eem ed l i t t l e em
,

b a rr a s s ed by t he pr es enc e
o f o t her co m p a ny S ho rt ly a ft er t he i nt er vi ew j u s t m
,

ent io ned
he v i s i t ed her in her o w n ho u s e w her e s he w a s in co m
.
,

,
pa ny
w i t h her hu s b a nd a nd t h ree t a i l o r s a n d u n s een b y t hes e he , , ,

t o o k her b y t he a pro n a n d l ed her t o t he door a nd s he fo ll o w ed

hi mu p t o t he h i ll end a n d t her e he t o l d her t o r em
,
-
a i n qu i e t
w ha t ever s h e m
,

a nd s p e a k no t i ght h ea r a nd s ee S he t hen
l vep er so ns ei ght w o m
.
,

a d v a n c ed a l i t t l e a nd su dd enly s a w t w e en
a nd f o u r m t he m en w er e c l a d in g ent l em
, ,

en s c l o t hi ng a nd

en
t he w o m en ha d a ll p l a id s rou n d a bo u t t hem a nd w er e v er y
,

s eem ly l ik e t o s ee a nd T hem e w a s w i t h t hem T hey b a d eher

,

We m
.
,

s it do w n a nd sa
,
id l co e ,
B es s i e w i
,
l t t h o u g o w i
,
t h u s ?

b u t a s she ha d b een w a rned sh e r et u r ned no a ns w er a nd a ft er

ho l d i n g a cons u l t a t ion a m ong t hem
, , ,

se l ves w hich s hed id no t hea r , ,

1 06 S O R C E RY A ND M AGI C .

t he y di sa p p ea red in a hid eou s w hirl w i nd S ho rt l y a ft erw a r d
T ho m
.

e r et u r n ed a n d t o l d her t he p er sons she had s een w ere

w ho d w el t i n t he co u r t o f E l fen w ho c a m
,

t he g ood w i g ht s e
t h er e t o i nv i t e her t o g o w i t h t hem a n d he r ep ea t ed t he i nv i t a
, ,

t io n very pr ess i ng ly b u t she a n s w er ed t ha t

,
s he s a w no pr o t

t o g a n g t h a t ki nd o f g a t es u nl es s s he k new w her efor e
S eest t ho u no t m e w ort h m
.
,

T hen h e s a i d ea t a nd w o r t h
c l o t hes a nd g ood eno u g h l ik e in p er so n ? a nd he p ro m
, ,

i s ed t o
ma k e her fa r bet t er o ff t ha n ever s he w a s
,

H er a ns w er ho w ev er w a s s t i ll t he s a m esh e d w elt w it h
.

her o w n hu sb a nd a nd b a ir ns a nd co u l d no t l ea ve t hem a nd
, ,

,

s o he b eg a n t o b e v ery cr a bb ed w i t h her a nd t ol d her t ha t if
d in t ha t m i nd s he w o u l d g et l i t t l e goo d o f him
,

s he co nt i nu e .

H is a n g er ho w ev er a pp ea r s t o ha v e s een s u b s id ed a nd he co n
t i nned t o co m
, , ,

e a t her c a ll a nd g i v eher his a d vic ea nd a s s i st a n c e

, ,

a l w a y s t r ea t i n
g h e r w i t h r e s p ec t f o r s h e d e
,
c l a r ed t h a t t h e g r e a t
est l ib ert y he ha d t a k en w i t h her w a s t o dra w her b y t he a pron
w hen he w o u l d p er s u a d e her t o o w i t h hi mt o fa iry l a n d S h e
g
-

s a id t ha t s h e s o m et i m es sa w himi n p u b l ic p l a c es a s i n E di n
.

b u rg h st reet s o n a ma rk et d a y a nd t ha t o n o ne occ a s ion w h en

,
-
, ,

she w a s o n e a el d w i t h h e h b d t L ei t h h e w e n t t
g r u s a n o s o
-

am
,

t ie her n a g t o t he s t a k e b y R es t a l r i l oc h a n d t he r e c e su d
g
d enly a c o m p a ny o f rid er s by t ha t m
,

a d e a din a s t ho u gh he a ve n
a nd ea r t h ha d
g o n e t o
g e t h e r
a n d i m m e di a t ely t h e y rod e i n t o

hid eou s ru m T ho m e ca m
,

t he l oc h w i t h a
bl e
. e t o her a nd
t o l d h er t ha t it w a s t he ood w i h t

w h o we r e t a ki ng t he i r
g g s

rid e i n t hi s w orl d O n a no t her occ a sio n T ho m

,

e t o l d her t h e
r ea s o n o f his vi s i t t o her ; he c a ll ed t o her r em em
.

bra n c e t ha t
o ne d a
y w h en she w a s i ll in c h i l d b ed a n d n ea r her t i m e of d e
e in t o her a nd s a t do w n o n t he for m
-

l i v er y a s t o u t w o m an ca m
,

b eet d e her a nd a s k ed a dri n k o f h er a n d s h e i m medi a t ely ga ve

,
,

i t ; t h i s he sa id w a s his m
, ,

i st res s t he q u een o f E l fen w ho ha d

co m ma nd ed himt o w a i t u po n her a nd do her good
, ,

.

T he w ho l e ext ent o f B ess i e D u nl o p s w i t c hcr a ft co ns i st ed in

c u rong di s ea s es a nd r eco veri ng st o l en prop ert y w hich she d id

b y t he a g enc y o f her u nea rt hly vi s i t er w ho g a ve her m
,

edici nes
e o f her s t a t em
.

p a r e t hem S o m
, ,
o r sho w ed he r ho w t o pr e ent s
n co n r m
.

a pp ea r t o ha ve b ee ed b y o t her w i t nes s es a nd ho w e ve r
w em a j d e f t h e co nnec t io n b et w een T h o m e R eid a n d B es
y u g o
S l e D u nlop it is r end ered c er t a i n b y t he ent r y i n t h e cou r t
,

r co r d s t ha t t he u nfo r t u na t e w o m
e a n w a s co nv ic t a nd b yr nt

F ro mt hi s t i m
,

e c a s es o f w i t c hcr a ft occ u r m
.

or e frequ ent ly in
t he u d i c i a l r ecord s a nd t hey
j , b eco m e exc eedi ngly nu m er ou s a s
 A LIS O N PEIRS O UN . 1 07

w e a pp r o a c h t he end o f t he c ent u ry , st i ll , ho w ev er , di st i n g ui shed

m
b y t h eir p u r ely S cot t i sh c ha r a c t er A r e a rk a bl e c a s e is r e
mm
.

cord ed in t he e ora b l e y ea r 1 5 88 , w hic h ha s s ev er a l poi nt s o f

m
r es e b l a nc ew i t h t he s t o ry o f B ess i e D u nl o p The h ro i ne w a s
. e

Al i s o n Pei r so u n, o f Byr ehill , w ho s e co nn ec t io n w i t h fa er i e

m
ori g i n a t ed w i t h her k i ns a n , W i ll i a m m
S y p s ou ne, a g r ea t
s c ho l a r a n d doc t or o f m edici n e

H e w a s b o r n a t S t irl i ng , his
m m
.

fa t her b ei ng t he k i ng s s i t h, b u t he w a s t a k en a w a y fr o

hi s
fa t her b y a m a n o f E gypt , a
g i a nt , w h i l e b u t a c h i l d , w ho l ed

hi m a w a y t o E g y pt w i t h hi m w m
h er e he r e a i ned b y t he sp a c e
m m m
,

o f t w el ve y ea r s b efor e he c a e ho e a g a i n . D u ri ng t hi s t i e
his fa t her , w ho a l s o a pp ea r s t o ha v e ha d a ha nk er i n g a ft er nu
l a w fu l k no w l ed g e, di ed fo r op en i ng a p r i est s book a nd l o o k

in g u po n it
"
m
O n hi s r et u rn ho e, Al i s o n Pei r so u n b ec a e m
m m
.

i nt i a t e w i t h her k i n s a n , w ho c u r ed her o f c er t a i n di s ea s es ,
u nt i l , a s it w o u l d a pp ea r , he di ed a l s o O n e d a y , a s she s t a t ed ,
m
.

b ei ng in G r a ng e M u ir , W i t h t he p eop l e t h a t p a s s ed t o t h e u ir
(m o or , s he l a y do w n s ick a nd a l o ne, w he
) n s he w a s s u dd e nl y

a cco s t ed b y a m a n c l a d in
g r e e n c l o t h es ,
w h o t o l d h e r i f s h e
w o u l d b e fa i t hfu l , he w o u l d do her g ood S he w a s a t r s t t er
.

r i ed , a nd c r i e d fo r hel p , b u t no o ne hea r i ng her , sh e a dd r es s ed

hi m m
in G od s na e, u po n w hic h he i

mmedi a t ely di s a pp ea r ed
m
.

B u t h e s oo n a ft er w a rd a pp ea r ed t o her a g a i n , a cco p a n i ed w i t h
m a ny m m
en a nd w o en , a nd she w a s ob l i g ed t o g o w i t h t he , m
a n d t hey ha d w i t h t h e m
p ipi n g a nd m m
er ri ent , a n d g ood
c h eer a nd she w a s t hu s c a r r i ed t o L o t hi a n , w her e t hey fo u n d
p u nc heo n s o f w i ne w i t h d ri nk i n g c u p s F r o t h i s t i e she
-
m m
m
.

c o ns t a nt ly ha u nt ed t he co p a ny o f t he g o o d n ei ghbo rs
a iri es , a n d t he q u e e o f E l fen , a t w ho s e co u rt s h e w a s a
( f ) n

fr equ ent v i s i t er , a nd s h e bo a st ed t ha t s he ha d m a ny fri e nd s t her e,

m
a m m m
o n g w ho w a s t he a for es a id W i ll i a S y p so u n e, w ho w a s
m m m m
o s t fa i l i a r w i t h her , a nd fr o w ho c hi ey she d eri v ed her
s k i ll in c u ri n g di s e a s es m
S he d ec l a r ed t ha t her fa i l i a r i t y w i t h
mm
.

t he fa i r i es w a s s o g r ea t , t h a t s he w a s a ll o w ed t o s eet he a ke

t h eir s a l ves w i t h p a n s a nd r es , a nd t h a t t he y g a t h er ed t heir

h er b s b efore su n ri s i n g , a s she did
-
. T he arc hbi sh o p o f S t .

A nd r ew s , a s cho l a r a nd pro fou nd di vi ne, ha d co nd es c end ed t o

s eek t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f t hi s w o m
a n in a d a n e
g ro u s i ll nes s f o r

m
.

w hic h he w a s a d e a n O bj e c t o f s ev er e s a t i r e b y his pol i t ic a l

m
en e i es ; she c a u s ed hi mt o ea t a s odd en fo w l , a n d t a k e a q u a rt
o f c l a re t w i ne m ix ed w i t h her dru g s , w hic h t h e w o r t hy p r el a t e
dr a nk o ff a t t w o d r a u ght s Al i so n , in t he co u r s e o f her ex a m
m
i na t io n, g a ve a ny c u rio u s a necdo t es o f t he fa iry p eo p l e, w it h
1 08 S O R C E R Y A ND M A GI C .

w hom he w s om et i m es o n b et t er t er m
as s s t ha n a t o t he r s ; am ong

t he m he ws sa se ve r a l o f her a cq u a i nt a nc e w ho ha d b een ca r r i ed
t o E l fl a nd w hen t hei r fr i end s i m
,

a in e
g d t h e y w e r e d e a d a n d
n ; a n d s he l ea r n ed fr o m r ki n s m a n S mso u ne
,

g o n e t o he a ve h e y p
t ha t a t i t he o f t hemw a s y ea rly g i ven u p t o hell a n d ha d b ee
, ,

n
w a rn ed by hi mfr o mt i m et o t i m e no t t o g o w i t h t hema t cer t a i n
,

p eriod s l est s he sho u l d b e m a d e o ne o f t he nu m b er T hi s w e

ma n a l s o w a s con vic t ed a n d bu r nt (convict a et comb u s t a )
.
,

T h e nex t c a se or r a t her t w o c a s es o f w i t c hcra ft i n t h e S cot

t i sh a nn a l s is o f a m o r e f ea r fu l a n d m o re c ri m
, ,

i na l c ha ra c t er t ha n
T he c hi ef p er s o ns i m
,

ei t h er o f t he pr ec edi n g . p l ic a t ed w ere
K a t heri ne M u nro la d y F o w l i s w i fe o f t he c hi ef o f t he c l a n o f
,

M u n r o a nd H ec t or M u nro t he s o n o f t he b a ron o f F o w l is b y a
fo r m
, ,

er w i fe T he l a d y F o w l i s w a s by bir t h K a t ha ri ne R o s s o f
B a lna g o w n a nd in co n s eq u enc eo f fa m
.

i ly q u a rr el s a n d in t ri g u es
s he ha d l a id a p l o t t o m
, ,

a ke a w a y w it h Ro be r t M u nro her hu s
b a nd s el d es t s o n in o r d er t ha t his w ido w m i ght b e m
,

a rri ed t o

h er bro t her G eo r g e R o s s l a i r d o f B a l na g o w n prep a r a t or y t o

, , ,

w hic h it w a s a l s o n ec es sa ry t o eff ec t t he d ea t h o f t he y o u n g l a d y
B a l na g o w n The O p en m a n n er in w hic h t he proc e edi ng s o f
l a d y Fo w l i s w er e c a rr ied o n a o r ds a r em
.

a rk a b l e pic t u r e o f t he

b a r b a ro u s s t a t e o f soc i et y a m
,

on
g t h e S co t t i s h c l a n s a t t h i s
p e
r io d . Am o n g her c hi ef a g ent s w er e A gnes R o y C hr i s t i a n e ,

R o s s a n d M a rj o ry Neyn e M a c A l les t er t he l a t t er b et t er k n o w n
b y t he n a m
, ,

e o f Lo s k ie Lo n ca r t a nd a l l t hr ee d es crib ed a s no
a no t h er a c t i ve i n di v id u a l w a s n a m ed W i l l i a m
,

t o r io u s w i t c hes
M a c G ill evo r d a m e; a nd t h er e w er e a nu m b er o f o t her s u b o r d i
n a t e p er s o n s o f v er y e qu i voc a l c ha r a c t er s A s ea rly a s t hemid
su m mer o f 1 5 7 6 it a p pea r s fr o mt he t ri a l t ha t A g nes R o y w a s
.

se nt t o b r i ng Lo s k ie Lo nc a r t t o co n s u l t w i t h l a d y F o w l i s w ho ,

w a s a d v i s ed t o g o i nt o t he h i ll s t o s p ea k w i t h t he El f fo l k -

l ea r n fr o mt hem if R ob er t M u nro a nd l a d y Ba l na g o w n
,

a nd

w o u l d d ie a n d if t he l a i r d o f B a l na o w n w o u l d m a r ry R ob e r t

g s
w ido w ; a nd a bo u t t h e s a m e t im e t hes e t w o w o m en m
,

a de c l a y

im
,

a ge s o f t he t w o i ndi v id u a l s w h o w e r e t o d ie fo r t he pu rpo s e
m m
,

o f b ew i t c hi n t h e P oi o n w l o dop t e d r e r e
g s a s a s a a s a s u a n s
o f s ec u ri n g t h ei r v ic t i m
.

s a n d t he c o ok o f t hel a i r d o f B a l n a o w n
, g
w a s brib ed t o t heir i nt er es t s T he d ea d ly i ng r edi ent s w er e o h
t a ined b y W i ll i a mM a c G il l evo r d a m
.

e a t; A b erd een u n d er p r e
t enc e o f b u y i n g poi s o n fo r r a t s ; it w a s a d m
, ,

i ni st er ed by t heco o k
j u st m ent io ned in a di s h s ent t o t he l a dy B a lna g o w n s t a b l e a n d

a no t her a cco m
, ,

p l ic e w ho w a s pres en t d ec l a r ed t ha t it w a s t he
s t a nd m ll s ic ht t ha t evir s c ho s a w sei ng t he vo m
, ,

s a ir e a i st cr u e , it
 L A DY FO WLIS A ND R O B E RT M UNR O . 1 09

a nd v exa c io u n t ha t w a s o n t he u ng l a d y Ba l na g o w n a nd hir
yo
co mp y H o
an

r l o
w ev e , a t h u g h t he v ic t i mw a s t hro w n i nt o a
mi s era b l e a nd lo ng l a st i ng i ll nes s t he poi s o n did not produ c e
.

im med i a t e d ea t h a s w a s exp ec t ed F ro mva riou s poi nt s in t he

,

ly em
, .

a c c u s a t io n it a pp ea r s t ha t t he co ns pir a t o r s w er e a c t i v e

o y ed i n d evi s i n g m m
,

p l e a ns o f e e c t in
g t h e ir p u rpo s e f r o t he p e
r io d m ent ioned a b o ve t i l l t he E a s t er o f t he fo ll o w ing y ea r b y
w hic h t i m e t he d ea d ly d es i g ns o f t he l a dy F o w l is ha d b eco m
,

e
mu c h mor e co mprehensi v e a nd she a i med a t no l ess t ha n t he
d est r u c t io n o f a ll t he for m er fa m
,

i ly o f her hu s b a nd t ha t t heir ia
h er i t a n c e m
,

i g ht fa ll t o her o w n c hi l dr en I n M a y 1 5 77 W il
l ia mM a c G illevo r d a m
.
, ,

e w a s a s k ed t o proc u r e a g r ea t er q u a nt it y
o f poi s o n t he pr ec e di ng do s e ha v i ng b een i ns u f ci ent ; b u t he r e
f u s ed u nl es s her b r o t her t he l a ird o f B a l na g o w n w er e m
,

, ,
a de ,

r i t o i t ; a di f c u l t y w hic h w a s s oo n g et o ver a nd it a pp e a rs
p v
y ,

t ha t t h e l a ird w a s t o a c er t a i n d eg r ee a cq u a i nt ed w i t h t hei r p r o
A p o t io n o f a m u ch m
, ,

c eed in g s . or e d ea d ly c ha r a ct er w a s no w
p repa r ed a nd t w o ind i vid u a l s t he nu r s e o f t he l a dy F o w l i s a nd
, ,

a bo y w er e ki ll ed by a ccid en t a lly t a s t i n o f i t ; b u t w e a r e no t
g
t o l d if a ny o f t he i n t en d ed v ic t i m
,

s fe ll a s a cri c e T he co n .

s p ir a t o r s ha d n o w r eco u r s e a g a i n t o w i t c hc r a ft a n d in t he J u n e

o f 1 5 77 a m
,

a n ob t a i n e d fo r t he l a dy F o w l is a n elf a rro w hea d -

fo r w h ic h s he g a ve himfo u r s hi ll i ng s
, ,

T he elf a rro w hea d -

w a s n o t h i ng m o r e t ha n o ne o f t ho s e s m
.

a ll r u d e w e a po ns o f i nt

b el o ng i ng t o a p r i m eva l st a t e o f s oci et y w hic h a r e o ft en m

,

,
et
w i t h i n t u r n i ng u p t he s oi l a n d w h ic h t hes u per s t i t i o u s p ea s a n t r y
n s i ve a r m
,

o f va r i o u s c o u nt r i es ha v e l ook ed u p o n a s t he o ff e s of

fa iri es a nd w i t c hes O n t he2 d a n d 6 t h o f J u ly l a d y F o w l is a nd

her a c c o m m m
.
,

l ic e h e ld t w ec r et e et i n s ; a t t he r s t t he y a de
p s o s g
a n im a g eo f b u t t er t o r e pr es ent R o b ert M u nr o a nd ha v i ng p l a c ed
it a g a i ns t t he w a l l o f t he c ha m
, ,

b er Lo s k ie Lo nca r t sho t a t it
ei g ht t i m es w i t h t he el f a r r o w hea d b u t a l w a y s m
,

i ss ed it ; a n d
a t t he s eco nd m
-

eet i n g t hey m
,

a d e a u r e o f c l a y t o re pr ese n t t h e
g
sa m e p er son a t w hic h Lo s k ie sho t t w el ve t i m es b u t w i t h no b et
T hi s s eem
, ,

t er s u cc es s in s p i t e o f a l l t heir i nc a nt a t io ns s to

ha v e b een a s o u rc eo f g rea t di s a ppo int m

, .

ent fo r t hey ha d b r o u g ht ,

ne l i nen c l o t h in w hic h t he g u r es if s t ru ck b y t he elf a r ro w

, ,

h ea d w er e t o ha ve b een w r a pp ed a nd s o b u ri ed in t h e ea rt h a t
em
, ,

a p l a c e w hic h s e s t o ha v e b een co n s e cr a t ed by su p er s t i t io u s
f eel i ng a nd t hi s c er em
,
o n y w a s t o ha v e i ns u red R o b ert M u n
r o s d ea t h I n A u g u st a no t her el f a rro w hea d w a s O b t a i ned a nd

-

t o w a rd H a ll o w m a s s a no t her m
.
, ,

eet i ng w a s held a nd t w o g u res

o f cl a y m
,

a d e o ne fo r Ro b e r t Mu nro a nd t he o t her fo r t he l a d y ;
10
1 10 S O R C E RY A ND M AG IC .

l a dy F o w l i s sho t t w o s ho t s a t l a dy Ba l na g o w n a nd Lo sk ie Lon
c a rt s ho t t hr ee a t R o b ert M u nro b u t nei t her o f t hemw er e su c
,

c es s fu l a nd t he t w o i m
,

a g es w er e a ccid e nt a lly br o k en a nd t hu s
t h e c ha r mw a s d es t r o y ed
, ,

T hey n o w prep a red t o t r y p o iso n

.

a g a in b u t C hri s t i a ne R o s s w ho ha d b een pr e se nt a t t he l a st
meet ing w a s a rres t ed t o w a rd t he end o f No vemb er a nd b eing
,
, .

u t t o t he t or t u re m
, , ,

it d e a fu l l co n fe s s i o n w hic h w a s f o l l o w ed by
p
t he s ei z u r e o f s o m e o f her a cco m pl ic es s ever a l o f w ho ma s w el l
, ,

, ,

as C hri s t i a ne R o s s w ere co nv ic t ed a nd b u rnt T he l a d y
F o w l i s t l ed t o C a i t hnes s a n d r em r e ni ne m
.
,

a i n ed t he o nt hs a ft e r
w hic h s he w a s a ll o w ed t o r et u r n ho m
,

e H er hu s b a nd di ed in
.

1 5 8 8 a nd w a s s u cc eed ed b y R o b er t M u n r o w ho a p p ea r s t o
ha ver ev i v ed t heo ld c ha rg e o f w i t c hc r a ft a g a i nst his s t ep m
, ,

o t he r;
fo r in 1 5 8 9 he ob t a i ned a c o m mi s s i o n fo r t he ex a mi na t i o n o f
w i t c hes a m o ng w ho s e n a m es w er e t ho s e o f L a d y F o w l i s a nd
som e o f her s u i viving a cco m
,
'
pl ic es S he a pp ea rs t o ha v e w a r d
r b y her i nfl u en c e a nd m y fo r s o m em
.

c d o ff t he d a ng e o ne o nt hs ,

u nt i l J u ly 22 1 5 9 0 w hen s he w a s b r o u g ht t o her t r i a l her a c

, , ,

c u s er b ei ng H e c t or Mu nro T his t ri a l o ffered o n e o f t he r st

.

i nst a n c es o f a cq u i t t a l o f t he c ha r g e o f sorc ery a nd it ha s b een ,

o b s er v ed t ha t t her e a r e r ea s o ns fo r t hi nki ng t he c a s e w as
bro u ght befo r e a j u ry p a ck ed fo r t ha t pu r po s e
I t is s o m ew ha t r em
.

a rk a b l e t ha t w hi l e t he l a d y F o w l is w as

t hu s a t t em
,

t i n t h e d e s t ru c t i o n o f h e r s t ep c hi l dr e n t h e w e r e
p g y
-

b y t he s a me m
,

t r yi ng t o effec t ea ns t he d ea t h o f her o w n so n
Im medi a t ely a ft er her a cq u i t t a l o n t he s a me d a y t he 2 2 d o f
.
, , .
.

, ,

J u ly 1 5 90 H ec t or M u nro (her a cc u s er ) w a s p u t o n his t ri a l b e

fo r a j u ry co m po s ed o f n ea rly t he s a m
, , ,

e p erso ns for pra c t is ing

t he s a m e cri m
,

e o f sorc er y I t is st a t ed in t he c ha rg et ha t w hen
h is b r o t her R ob ert M u nr o ha d b een g r i evo u sly i ll i n t he s u m ma r
.
,

o f 1 5 88 H ec t o r M u nro ha d a s s em
bl ed t hr ee no t orio u s a nd
co m mo n w i t c hes t o d evi s e mea ns t o c u re hima nd ha d given
,

ha r b or t o t hems ever a l d a y s u nt i l he w a s co m p el led t o di s m

, ,

i ss
t hemby his fa t her w ho t hr ea t en ed t o a ppr ehend t hem S u b s e
,

, .

q u ent t o t hi s in J a nu a ry 1 5 88 (t ha t is 1 5 8 9 a cco r di ng t o t he
mod er n r ecko ni ng ) H ec t or b ec a me s u dd enl y i ll u po n w hic h he
, ,

nt o n e o f his m en t o s eek a w o m a n na m
, ,

se ed M a rio n M a c I nga
r u c h a n e o f t he m a i st n o t o r io u s a n d r a n k w i t c he s i n a l l t hi s

r ea l m
,

e a nd she w a s bro u ght t o t he ho u s e i n w hic h he w a s
ly i ng s ick A ft er l o ng co n su l t a t io n a nd ha v i ng g i ven him
,

.
,

t hr ee dri nk s o f w a t er o u t o f t hr ee s t o nes w h ic h s he ha d s he

d ec l a r ed t ha t t here w a s no r em ed y fo r h imu nl es s t he p ri ncip a l

,

ma n o f his bl ood sho u l d su ffer dea t h fo r him T hey t hen held

,

.
 WIE RD P R AC TI CE S O F THE M UNR O S . 111

m
f u r t h er co u ns el , a nd c a e a t l a s t t o t h e co n c l u s io n t ha t t h e p er
so n w ho m
u s t t hu s b e his s u b s t i t u t e w a s G eo r g e M u nro , t he

el d es t s o n o f t h e l a d y F o w l i s , w ho s e t r i a l ha s j u s t b een d e
sc rib ed T he c er em
. o ni es w hic h foll o w ed a r e s o m e o f t he m o st

ext r a ordi na ry in t he w ho l e r a ng e o f t he hi s t o r y o f t hes e d a rk

su p er s t i t io ns M ess eng er s w er e s ent o u t t o s eek G eor g eM u n ro
t he i n t en d ed v ic t i m in every dir ec t io n a nd
.
,

a s a l o vi n
g
bro t h er s u s pec t i n g n o ev i l c a m
, ,

, e t o w h er e H ec t o r l a y o n t he
, ,

ft h d a y . By t he exp r es s di r ec t io n o f t he w i t c h t he l a t t er w a s ,

t o a ll o w no net o en t er t he ho u s e u nt i l a ft er his bro t her s a r ri va l ;

he w a s t o r ec ei v e h is b r o t her in s i l enc e g i v e hi mh is l eft ha n d

a nd t a k e hi m b y t h e ri ght ha n d a nd no t s p ea k t i ll h e h a d r s t
,

s pok en t o h im
,

H ec t o r M u nro foll o w ed t hes e i nst r u c t io ns t o

.

t he l et t er ; G eo r g e M u n ro w a s a s t o n i sh ed a t t h e co l d n es s o f h is
r ec ep t io n co m p a r ed w i t h t he pr es s i ng a nner in w hic h he ha d m
b een i nv i t ed a nd he r em a i n ed in t he r oo ma n ho u r b efor e he
,

G eo r g e a t l a st a s k ed himho w h e did t o w hic h

,

u t t er ed a w o r d

H ec t or r ep l i ed T he b et t er t ha t yo u ha v e co me t o vi s i t m
.
,

e
l a psed i nt o his fo r m
, ,

a n d t he n re er s i l enc e T h i s it a p p ea r s
A t o ne o c l ock t he s a m
.
, ,

w a s a p a r t o f t he s p ell e n i g ht M a rio n

.
,

M a c I n g a r u ch t he pr es idi ng s o r c er es s w i t h c er t a i n o f her a o
co m p l ic es p r o vid ed t hem
, ,

,
se l v es w i t h sp a d es a n d w ent t o a ,

i e c e o f ea r t h a t t he s ea s id e ly i n b e t w e e t h e b o u nd a r i es o f
p g n ,

t he l a nd s o f t w o propri et or s a n d d u g a g r a v e propo r t i o na t e t o
t he s i z e o f t he s ic k m
,

a n a n d t ook o ff t he s o d , S he t hen t e .

t u r n ed t o t he ho u s e a n d c a r efu lly i n st r u c t ed ea c h o f t he p er s o n s
y w er e t o p er fo r min t he c er em
,

co n c e r n ed i n t he p a r t t he o ni es
w h i c h w er e t o t r a n s fer t he fa t e o f H ec t o r M u nro t o hi s bro t her
G eo r g e .

T he f r i end s o f H ec t o r w ho w er ein t h es ecr et r ep r es ent ed t ha t

i f G eorg e s ho u l d di e s u dd enly su spi cio n w o u l d fa ll u po n t hem
, ,

a l l a nd t h eir l i ve s w o u l d b e i n d a n g er a n d w i s h ed he r t o de lay
his d ea t h a s p a c e a nd shet ook o n ha nd t o w a rr a nt himu n t o
, ,

t h e 1 7 t h d a y o f A pri l n ex t t her ea ft er T hey t hen t o o k t he s ick
ma n fro mhis b ed a nd c a rri ed himin a p a ir o f bl a nk et s t o t he
.

r v e t he a s s i s t a nt s b ei ng fo r bidd e n t o u t t er a w ord u nt i l t he
g a

w i t c h a nd his fo s t er m o t her na med C hr i s t i a na Nei ll Da yz ill ha d

,

rs t s pok en w i t h t hei r m
, ,


a s t er t he d e vi l H ec t or w a s t hen
p l a c ed in t he gr a ve a nd t he g r een so d l a id o v er hi m a nd hel d
, .

d o w n u po n h imw i t h s t a v es a nd t he c hi ef w i t c h t o o k her st a nd
, ,

b es id e hi m T hefo s t er m
,

o t her l e a di n a y o u ng l a d b y t heha n d
g
-
.
, ,

t hen r a n t he b r ea d t h o f n i n e r id g es a nd o n h er r et u r n i nqu i r ed ,

o f t he ha w h ic h w a s he r c hoic e t o w hic h she r e p l i ed t h t

g a
 112 S O R CE R Y A ND MA GIC .

H ec t o r w as her
c hoic e t o l i ve a nd his brot her Geo r g e t o d ie
fo r him T hi s s t r a ng e fo rmo f i nc a nt a t io n w a s r ep ea t ed t hri ce
,

n fr o mt he g r a v e a nd c a rri ed ho m
.
,

a nd t hen t h e p a t i ent w a s t a k e e
t o hi s b ed in t he s a m
,

e s i l en c e w h ic h ha d di st i ng u i shed t he r st
a rt o f t he c er em o y T h e e ff ec t f n ex o r e t t h e l d
p n s o a
p su o c o
o f a J a n u a r y ni ht in t he no r t h o n a s ick m m
.

g ,
a n u s t h a v e b,een
v er y s er i o u s ; b u t H ec t o r r eco ver ed s oo n a ft e r w a r d a nd in t he
mont h o f A pril a s fo r et ol d G eorg e M u nro w a s s ei z ed w i t h a
,

mo rt a l di s ea s e u nd er w hich he l i ng ered t i ll t he mont h o f Ju ne

, ,

, ,

w hen he di ed H ec t or M u nr o t ook t he w i t ch i n t o g r ea t fa vor

c a rri ed her t o t he hou s eo f his u nc l e a t K il dr u m ma dyis w her e
.
,

,

s he w a s ent er t a i ned a s if s he ha d b een his s p ou s e a nd g a ve

"

her su c h p r e em
,
-
i nenc e in t he co u nt ry t ha t t her e w a s n o n e t ha t
d u r s t o ff end her a nd g a ve her t he k eepi n g o f his sheep t o co l or
t he m
, ,

at t er . A f t er t hed ea t h o f G eor g e t hea ff a ir w a s w hi s per ed ,

a b r o a d a n d a n o rd e r w a s i s su ed fo r t he a r r est o f t he w it c h b u t
b y H ec t or M u nr o u nt i l i n for m
, ,

she w a s c o n c e a l ed , a t io n w a s

i en b L a d y F o w l i s t ha t s he w a s in t he ho u s e a t F o w l i
g v y s

W hen s u bj ec t ed t o a n ex a m
, .

i n a t io n a nd no do u bt t o t he t ort u re
she m
, ,

a d e a co n fes s io n a nd w a s p u b l ic ly b u rnt
, H er con fess i o n .

w a s t he g ro u nd o f t h e c ha r g e a g a i nst H ec t or M u nro w ho l ik e
his s t ep m
, ,
-
o t he r w a s a cqu i t t ed
, .

T he t ri a l s o f L a d y F o w l i s a nd H ec t or M u nro a pp ea r t o ha v e
c a u s ed m xci t em
,

u ch e ent a nd o t her c a s es o f w i t c hcr a ft fo ll o w ed

,

w i t h fea r f u l r a pidi t y in di ff er ent p a r t s o f t he co u n t ry t o su c h a

d eg r ee t ha t t hey m
,

o ve d t he l ea rned su p er s t i t i o n o f t he ki ng w ho
fr o mt hi s p eriod b eg a n t o t a k e a n ex t r a o r di na r y i nt er est in pro s e
,

o u t io n s fo r c r i m es o f t hi s d es crip t io n Ki ng J a m
. es s ex a m pl e

w a s n o t l o s t u po n h is su bj ec t s a nd n o t o nly did t hey sho w r e

,

dou b l ed di l i g enc e in s eeki ng o u t off en d er s b u t prob a bly c a s es

w er e m
,

a d e 11 p t o gr a t i fy hi s c u rio s i t y u nt i l a f e a r f u l cons pir a c

, y
b et w een t he b a g s a nd t he evi l o ne w a s di s co ver ed o f w hic h t h e
k ing w a s t o ha ve b een t h e c hi ef v ic t i m a n d w hic h w i ll b e r el a
,

T he i nt erf er enc e o f Ki ng J a m
,

t ed a t fu ll in o u r nex t c ha p t er es
n o t o nly m
.

a rks a n e poc h in t he hi st ory o f s orc ery in S co t l a n d

b u t it ha d a l s o a n i n u en c e in m
,

o di fy i n
g t h e b e l i ef b y t h e in tr o
d u c t io n o f t he s c i ent i c d em o no l o gy o f F r a n c e a nd G er m an
y .

I n t h e co nspir a c y t o w h ic h I ha v e j u s t a ll u d ed w e sha ll s ee
ma ny fo r ei gn not ions mix ed w i t h t he n a t i v e su perst it io ns
,

F or t w o o r t hr ee su b s equ ent y ea r s t he r ecord s o f t he hi g h

cou rt a r e u nfo rt u na t ely m
,

i s s i n g b u t in 1 5 96 w e nd s ev er a l
, ,

p r o s ec u t io ns fo r t he pr a ct ic e o f w i t c hcr a ft o f w hic h p er s ons o f

hi gh r a nk b el i ev ed t hem
,

se l ves o r w er e b el i eved t o b e t he vic

, ,
 T HE WITC H E S OI H A DDINGT ON . 1 13

ti ms . O n t he 2 4 t h o f J u ne Jo hn S t ew a rt , t he a s t er o f O rk
, m
ne y w a s a cc u s e d o n t h e co n fe s s io n o f c e rt a i n w i t c h e s w h o h a d
m m m
, ,

p rev i o u s ly b een co n d e n ed a nd bu rnt , o f ha v i n g e p l o y ed t he

m
t o c o p a s s t he d ea t h o f P a t rick , ea r l o f O rk n ey ; b u t he a ll eg ed
i n h is d ef en c e t ha t t he co nfes s io n s ha d b een ex t o r t ed b y ex t r e e m
t o r t u r e, a n d ha d a ft er w a rd b een co nt r a dic t ed b y t he s u ff er er s a s
t hey w er e c a rri ed t o t he s t a k e, a nd he w a s a cq u i t t ed by t hej u r y
m m
.

O n t h e 3ot h o f O c t ob er , a w o a n na ed Al i so n J o ll i e w a s t ri ed
m m m
for t h e s a e cri e o f e p l oy i n g a w i t c h t o c a u s e t he d ea t h o f a
m
w o a n w i t h w ho m s h eh a d q u a rr e ll ed , g rou nd ed o n t heco nfess io n
o f t h e w i t ch , a n d w a s a l s o a cq u i t t e d A no t her w o a n, na ed m m
m m
.

C hr is t i a n S t ew a rt t ri ed o n t h e 2 7t h o f No v e b er fo r co p a s
m
, ,

s i ng t h e d ea t h o f o ne o f t he po w er fu l fa i ly o f t he R u t hv en s by
w it c h cr a ft , w a s l ess fo r t u na t e, fo r s he w a s j u d g ed

t o b e t a ne t o

t h e c a st l e h i ll , a nd t ha i r t o b e bu r nt
m m
.

I n 1 5 9 7 , w e ha ve a no t her c a s e b ea ri ng s o e r es e b l a n c e t o
t ho s e o f B ess i e D u n l op a nd Al i s o n Peir so u n T he hea l i ng a r t
m
.

h a d b een , d u r i ng t he idd l ea g es , p r a c t i s ed by a l l s or t s o f qu a ck s
a n d u ns k i lfu l p r e t end er s , w ho m a de u se o f c e r t a i n pr ep a r a t io ns
o f herb s a nd s o m
eo t her i ng r ed i ent s , b u t d ep end ed m
or e fo r t heir
s u c c es s o n t he s u p er s t i t io u s ob s erva n c es w i t h w hic h t hey w er e

g a t h e r e d pr e p a r ed or a pp l i ed I n o r d e r t o
g a i n m or e cr e di t fo r

m m
, , .

t heir r e edi es , t hey pr et end ed t o r ec ei ve t h ei r k n o w l ed e fr o

g
a n int erco u r s e w i t h t he s piri t u a l w or l d I t w a s a p a r t o f t he c d
m
.

u c a t io n o f e ve ry g ood ho u s ew i fe in fo r er d a y s t o u nd er st a n d
t he u se o f m
edici n es , a n d m m
o st w o en w ere, o r e o r l ess , a o m
q u a i n t ed w i t h t h e m od e o f pr e p a ri n g t he m M o st o f t h e r e e m
m
.

d i es w h ic h a r e ent io ned in t he t r i a l s a s u s ed b y B ess i e Du n

l o p , Al is o n Peir s o u n , a nd o t her s , a r e fo u nd in t he o l d m
edi eva l
r ec eip t book s -
m
O n t he 1 2 t h o f No v e b er , in t he y ea r l a st m en
m m
.

t io ned fo u r
, i s er a b l e w o en , J a net S t ew a rt , C hri st i a n L ew i ng
s t o u n , B es s i eA ik e n , a nd C hri s t i a n S a id l er , w er e b r o u g ht t o t h eir
t r i a l fo r va rio u s a ll eg ed a c t s o f w i t c hc r a ft . C hri st i a n L ew i n g
s t o u n w a s a cc u s ed o f ha v i ng b ew i t c hed a b a k er o f H a ddi n t o n,
g
m
b y b u r y i ng a s a ll b a g fu ll o f w o r s t ed t hr ea d , ha irs , a n d n a i l s o f
m en, a nd o t her a r t ic l es , u n d er his s t a i r s , t hen p r et en di ng t ha t t he
w i t c h c r a ft w a s t he w o rk o f a n o t her a nd u nd er t a ki ng t o r el i ev e
m m m
,

h i fro it I n t hi s w ec a n s ee l i t t l e o r et ha n a di sho nes t t rick

m
.

t o ex t o rt oney ; b u t sh e pr et en d ed t o fu r t her k no w l ed g e a nd
t h e b a k er s w i fe b ei ng w i t h c hi l d a t t he t i m
,

e she t o l d h er t ha t
'

sh e w o u l d g i ve birt h t o a bo y w hic h ha p p en ed a cco r di ng ly .

W hen a s k ed w hen c e she d eri ved her kno w l ed g e, she s a id t ha t

s h e ha d a d a u ght e r w ho w a s ca rri ed a w a y by t he fa iry fo l k ,
"
10
114 S O R C E RY A ND M A GIC .

a nd fro mhe r she ha d her k no w l ed ge S he w a s a ccu s ed a ft er

m m
.

t hi s , w i t h t he o t her w o en a s a cco pl ic es , o f t he s u p er st i t i o u s
t r ea t m m
ent o f v a r io u s s i c k p er so ns , b es i d es s o e ot h er t r a u s s e
t io ns n o t m m
or e ho nest t ha n her t r ea t ent o f t he b a k er o f H a d
d in gt o n J a net S t ew a rt w a s o n o ne occ a s io n, c a ll ed t o a w o
m m
.

a n w ho w a s d ea d ly s ick she t ook o ff t he s ick w o a n s shir t

'

a nd he r mu te

b e (ca p ), a nd c a rri ed t he t o a st r ea m m w h i ch r a n
t o w a r d t he s o u t h , a nd w a shed t he in it , a nd m m a d e t he
p a t i en t

p u t t he m o n drippi n
g w e t ,
a nd s a id t h ric e o v er h er , I n t h e n m
a e
o f t h e F a t he r , t he S o n , a nd t he H o ly Gho st , a nd t he
n pu t a

r ed ho t iro n in t he w a t e
-
r , a nd t hen b u r nt s t r a w a t ea ch new k e
o f t he b ed m
T h i s w a s a p r i i t i v e s o rt o f col d w a t er c u re -

m m
. .

She hea l ed s ev er a l w o en o f a no t her di s ea s e, b y p a s s i ng t he

t hr ic e t hr o u gh a g a rl a nd o f g r een w oodbi ne, w hic h she a ft er w a rd
c u t in ni ne pi ec e s , a n d c a s t in t h e r e W ood bi ne a pp ea r s t o
m
.

ha v eb een a fa vori t e r e ed y in a va ri et y o f c a s es B es s i eA ik en
m m m
.

c u r ed o s t o f her p a t i ent s by p a ss i ng t he ni ne t i es t hrou g h a

g i rth

o f w oodbi ne in t h e n am e o f t h e t h r e e p e r s o n s o f t h e
m
,

H o ly T ri ni t y . F or a w o a n l a bori ng u nd er a p a i n in t he l oi ns ,
s het ook a d ecoc t io n o f r e d n et t l es a nd h er b A l ex a nd er , a n d b a t hed
t he p a r t w i t h it , a n d t hen boi l ed h erb Al ex a nd er w i t h fr esh b u t
t er , a nd r u bb ed her w i t h i t , a n d t hen p a s s ed her n i ne t i es m
t hr o u g h t he g irt h o f w oodbi n e, a t t h r ee s ever a l t i es , a s p a c e o f m
t w en t y fo u r h o u r s b ei ng a ll o w ed t o el a p s e b et w een ea ch
-
O t her
m
.

s i nn l a r pr a c t ic e s a r ere co u n t ed ; a nd t he fo u r w o en w er e na l
m
l y co nd e ned t o b e t a k en t o t h e c a s t l e hi ll a t E di nb u rgh a nd ,

t her e t o b e st r a n gl ed a t a s t a k e t i ll t h ey di ed , a nd t heir b odi es t o

b e bu rnt t o a s hes ; a s ent en c e w hic h w a s d u l y ex ec u t ed o n t hree
o f t he m . B u t B es s i eA ik en pl ea d ed t ha t shew a s w i t h c hi l d , a nd
s he w a s a ll o w e d t o l a ng u i s h in p r i s o n u nt i l t he 1 5 t h o f A u gu st ,
1 5 9 8 , w hen t h e ki n g , m o ve m
d w i t h , fo r hi , a n u nu su a l d eg reeo f
m
c l e enc y , in cons id era t i o n t h a t s he w a s d elyv er it o f a n e in

m
fa n t , a nd h es s u st en it l a ng p u neis ch ent b e fa i n e a nd i p r eis m m
m ent , co

mm u te d her o r i g i n a l s ent enc e fo r p er p et u a l b a n i s h ent m .

W e ha ve t hu s t r a c ed t he hi s t o r y o f w i t c hcr a ft in S co t l a nd t o
t he c l o s e o f t he s ix t eent h c ent u r y , d o w n t o w h ic h t i e it h a d m
p r es erved it s na t io na l c ha r a c t er , a l t o g et her di ff eri ng fro t he eu m
p e r s t it io n s w hic h pr e va i l e d o n t he co nt i n e n t i n t he s a m e a e
g I n
m
.

S c o t l a nd , w i t c hc r a ft w a s a n o bj ec t o f o r e u ni v er s a l a n d u nhes
m
i t a t ing b el i ef t ha n in a l o s t a ny o t h er c o u nt r y , a nd it ob t a i ned
g r e a t e r a u t hori t y fro m t h e circ um s t a n c e t h a t s m
o a n y p eop l e o f
r a n k a t di ff er ent p eriod s ha d r eco u r s e t o it a s a ea ns o f g ra t i fy m
i ng r eveng e or a bi t io n m . T her e w er e s orc er er s a o ng t he i m m
 KING J A M E S AND T HE w r r cr m s or L O T HI A N . 1 15

nor a g ent s m
i n t he y st eriou s co n spira ci es o f t he ea rl o f G o w r y,
w hi c h ha ve g i ven s u c h c el ebri t y in S co t t i sh hi s t or y t o t h e l a st

y e a r o f t he c e nt u r y T h e na rr a t i ve w h ic h w i ll occ u p y o u r n e x t
m m m
.

cha p t er , w i ll e x hi b it in a r e a rk a b l e a nner t he s ent i ent s o f

m
K i ng J a es , w ho a pp ea r s t o ha v e c a rri ed his ha t r ed o f w it c hes
w it h hi m
i nt o E ngl a nd , a nd w i t h h is r ei gn in t he la t t er cou nt ry
b eg a n t he d a rk est p eriod o f t h e h i st ory o f w i t c hcr a ft in t hes ou t h
er n p a rt s o f t he i sl a nd . I n a fu t u r e c ha pt er , w e sha ll h a v e t o r e
t u rn t o t h esu p er st i t io ns o f S co t l a n d , w hic h t ook a st i ll w id er a nd
m o re f ea rfu l f or m in t he s ev ent eent h c ent u ry , w hen t hey w er e
b eg i nn i ng t o su b si d e in o t her co u nt ri es .

CH A P TE R X .

I G
K N S
J A ME A ND THE W IT C H ES OF LO T H IA N .

I N t he y ea r 1 5 89 , su rrou n d ed b y pol i t ic a l j ea l o u s i es a bro a d ,

a nd ha r a ss ed b y t he t u rbu l e nc e o f h is s u bj e m
c t s a t ho e, J a es m
m
V I o f S co t l a nd c a e t o t he r eso l u t io n o f m
a r ry i n g A n n e o f

m m
.

D en a rk , a nd t he ea r l a rsha l l eft S co t l a nd o n t he 1 8 t h o f J u ne
-

on a m i ss ion t o C op enha g en, t o a r r a ng e t he co nt r a c t I n J u ly ,

m m
.

t he a rr i a g ew a s c el e br a t ed b y prox y , a nd i n S ep t e b er , t h e new
m
qu een o f S co t l a nd l eft her fa t her s co u r t , a nd e b a r k ed w i t h t he

ea r l -
m
a r sha l a nd his s u i t e fo r he r a dop t e d co u ntl y ; b u t t hey ha d
'

m
ha r d ly l eft t he port w hen t hey w er e a s s a i l ed b y a t e p es t , w hic h
m m
.

ca rri ed t h e so fa r fro t heir co u r s e t ha t t hey w i t h di f c u l t y

rea c hed U p sa l in Nor w a y , w her e a cont i nu a n c e o f t e p est u o u s m
m
w ea t h er t hr ea t ened t o d et a i n t he t i ll t he s et t i ng i n o f w i nt er
m m mm m
.

Ki n g J a es , i p a t i ent o f d el a y , s u o ned u p or eco u ra g e t ha n

he ha d ev er sho w n b efor e, a nd o n t he 2 2 d o f O c t ob er , s et o ff in
se a r c h o f hi s w i fe, w ho m
h e fo u nd st i ll a t U p s a l w her e t hey
w er e a g a i n m a rri e m
d , a nd w i t h w h o he r et u rned t o C op enha g en ,
m
a nd r e a i n e d t her e d u ri ng t he w i nt er On t he r ea pp ea r a n c e
m
.

of s ri n g he l e ft D e n a rk , a nd a ft er a rou h vo y a e, l a n d ed w i t h
p g g
his q u een a t L ei t h, o n t he 1 s t o f M a y, 1 5 90
m
.

T he ob s t i na t e ho st i l i t y o f t h e w ea t her t o w a rd J a es a nd his
ne m
w co ns or t coi n cidi ng w i t h p o l i t ic a l ha t r ed a o ng a p o r t i o n o f
his s u bj ec t s , g a ve ri set o s t r a n g e r eport s , a nd a t l a st a co nspir a c y
of a n u nea r t hly c ha r a c t e r w a s bro u ght t o l i ght , b y t he a genc y o f
whi ch i t w a s u ni ver s a lly b el i eved t ha t t he r o a l s e a fa t et ha d
y .
1 16 S O RC E RY AND MA GIC .

b een p ers ecu t ed T he earl o f B o t hw ell t heesp eci a l o r ga n of

t he R o m
.
,

i sh p a rt y w a s s a id t o ha ve b een it s in st iga t o r a nd on
t hi s a n d o t her c ha r g es he w a s co m mit t ed t o w a rd fr o mw hich
, ,

he brok e t o w a rd t he end o f J u ne 1 5 9 1 a nd t ook r efu g e a m

,

o ng

h is f ri en d s i n t he m
, ,

ore i na cc ess ib l e p a rt s o f t he no r t h H ew a s
hi m l i eved t o b e a sk i l fu l necro m
.

s el f b e a nce r a nd held fr equ ent

com mu nic a t ion w it h w i t c hes
,

T he m
.

a nne r in w hic h t hi s ext ra ordina r y a ff a ir w as di s co ver ed

is i nv o l v ed in s o m e ob s c u r i t y ; b u t a cc o rd ing t o t h e co m mo n
cr et w as a y o u n g w o m a n na m
,

s t o r y t he rs t di vu l g er o f t he s e ed
T hi s w o m
,

G ei ll is D u nc a n . a n w a s se rva nt i n t he ho u s e o f Da
v id S e t o u n d e p u t y b a i l i ff o f t he l i t t l e t o w n o f T r a ne n t o n t he
y
-

a bo u t ni ne m
, ,

sho r es o f t he f r i t h o f F or t h i les t o t he ea st of
E di nbu r gh ; a nd o n a su dd en she b ec a m
,

e c el ebra t ed fo r her ex
t r a o r d ina r y s ki ll in c u r i ng di s ea s es a nd fo r doi ng o t h er t hi ngs ,

w hic h g a ve ri s e t o t he b el i ef t ha t t he a g enc y b y w h ic h she

w o r k ed w a s s o m et hi ng m or e t ha n na t u r a l H er m a s t er s su s .

ic io ns o n t hi s s u bj ec t w er e s t r e n t h e n e d b t h e di s co v er y t ha t
p g y ,

G eill is w a s in t he ha bi t o f s ecr et ly l ea v i ng t he ho u s e a nd a b sent

ing her s el f every ot her ni ght H e t her eu po n qu est i oned h er in
su m
.

ri va t e b u t ob t a i n i n n t i f c t or y n w e r h e pr e ed o far
p g o sa s a a s s

u po n his m u n icip a l o ffi c e a s t o c a ll in s o m

, ,

e o f hi s a cq u a i nt a nce
ir p r es enc e pu t her t o m
, ,

a n d i n t he o s t s ev er et ort u res Bu t even

t hi s h a d n o eff ec t ; a n d t hey t hen ex a m
.

i ned ever y p a r t o f her b ody

i n o rd er t o di s co ver t hed ev i l s m a rk F or it w a s o nea rt ic l eo f t he

b el i ef in w i t c hc r a ft t ha t a ft er t heco m
.

p a c t b et w een t hew i t ch a nd
t he ev i l o n e ha d b een co m p l et ed t he l a t t er s u ck ed so m
, ,

e p a r t of

h is v ic t ims b o d y a nd l eft his m a r k a nd u nt i l t hi s m

,

ar k w a s di s

, ,

co ver ed his i n u enc ew a s u na b a t ed a nd he hi nd er ed c o nfes sion

T he m a rk w a s m o s t co m monly p l a c ed o n a p a rt cover ed w i t h
.
, ,

h a i r t h a t it m i ght b e m ore ea si ly con c ea l ed : a nd hen ce o ne of

t h e r st p r oc es s es in t he ex a m i na t io n o f a w it c h w a s o ne m
,

o st
sh ocki ng t o h e r fee l i ng s o f m od est y t ha t o f s ha v i ng her bo dy
I n t he c a se o f G eillis D u n c a n t he end s m
.
,

a rk w a s fo u nd i n t he

,

fo r e pa rt o f her t hr o a t u po n w hic h she co nfes s ed t ha t sheeff ect ed

-

h er c u r es b y m S he w a s no w co m mit t ed t o
,

ea ns o f w i t c h c r a ft
p ri s o n a nd a ft er a sho r t c o n nem ent m a de a m
.

or e f u ll co nfo s
s io n w h ic h i ml ic a t e m
, , ,

, p d a n u b e r o f p e r s o n s l i v i ng in di ff er en t
p a rt s o f t he di st r ic t o f L ot hi a n a nd l ed t o t he a rres t o f n o t l ess
t ha n t h ir t y p r es u m ed s orc er er s w ho s e ex a m
,

i na t io ns brou ght t o
T hem or e r em
,

l ig ht t he co n s pi r a c y a bo ve a ll u d ed t o a rk a b l e o f
.

t he p er s o ns t hu s pl a c ed u nd er a r r es t w er e Dr F i a n o t her w i se
na m ed J o hn C u nn i ngha mA gnes S a m sou n Eu ha m
,
.

, p p e M a o k a l ,
 D R FI A N
. . 1 17

zea n e, a nd B ar b a ra Na pi er I n t hea ccou nt w hich t hese p er s ons

m m u nic a t io n s w i t h t he t em m
.

a ve o f t h e i r co p t er w e n d n y
g a

i nc id en t s a pp a r ent ly new t o t he po pu l a r m
,

y t ho l o gy o f S co t l a nd ,

b u t w h i c h r ec u r o ver a nd o ver a g a i n in t he w i t c hcra ft s t ori es o f

l a t er d a y s
J o h n F i a n one o f t h e c hi ef p er s o n s co m pr om
.

i s ed by G eill is
D u n c a n s co n fes s ion w a s a s c hoo l m r o f T ra nent a m
,

a st e a n a bo ve

t he o r d i na r y st a m
, ,

p o f s orc er er s a t t hi s p eriod w ho a pp ea r s a t
t he t im
, ,

e o f t h es e t ra ns a c t io ns t o ha v e t a k en u p hi s r es i d enc e in
t he n ei gh bori ng t o w ns hip o f P r es t o n P a ns t he s a m
,

e p l a c ew hic h
-

o bt a i n ed s o m
,

u ch ce l eb r i t y in l a t er S cot t i sh hi st ory Dr F i a n . .

ve t h e f o l l o w i ng a cco u n t o f t he ori i n o f his a cq u a i nt a nc e w i t h

g a g
t hed ev i l H el od g ed a t T r a n ent i n t heho u s eo f o n eT ho m a s T ru m

bill w ho ha d g i v en himg r ea t o ff enc eb y negl ec t i ng t o sp a rg e or

.
,

w hi t ew a s h h is c ha m b er a s he ha d p r o m
, ,

i s ed ; F i a n w a s ly i n g in
mu si ng a nd t hi nking ho w he mi ght b e r ev eng ed o f t he
, ,

his b ed
sa id T ho m w hen t h e d ev i l su dd enly m
,

as a d e his a pp e a r a nc e

cl a d i n w h i t e r a i m ent a nd s a id t o h im W i ll y e b e m
, ,

y se r v a nt

m m
, , ,

a nd a d or e e a n d a ll y s er va n t s a n d y e s h a ll n e v er w a n t i?

T h e d oc t or a ss ent ed t o t he t er m
,

s a nd a t t h e s u e s t io n o f
gg
t he ev i l o ne h e r eveng ed h i m lf o n Tr u m
, ,

se b i ll b y b u r n i ng his
T he s econd ni ght t he d ev i l a g a i n a pp ea r ed t o h i min
,

hou s e
w hi t e r a i m ent a nd pu t his m a rk u po n hi mw i t h a r o d
.

Su b se
qu ent l y F i a n w a s fou n d in h is c ha m
, .

b er a s it w er e in a t r a nc e
du ri ng w hic h he s a id t ha t his spiri t w a s c a r r i ed o v er ma ny
, , , ,

mo u nt a i ns a nd a s it a pp ea r ed a ll o ver t he w orl d F ro mt hi s

t im
, .

e he w a s p r esen t a t a ll t he ni ght ly co nv ent io n s hel d in t he

di s t r i ct of L ot hi a n a nd ro s e s o hi gh in S a t a n s fa v or t ha t t h e

end a ppoi nt ed himh is

, ,

r eg i st r a r a nd s ec r et a ry H is r st .

v i s i t t o t he s e co nv e nt io ns w a s a t t h e c hu r c h a t Nor t h B er w ick
n m i l es a l o ng t he co a st fromP r est o n P a ns a fa vor
,

a b o u t fou rt ee -

it e m
,

eet i ng pl a c e o f t he w i t c hes
-
H e w a s t r a n spor t ed t hi t her
fro m his b ed a t P r est o n P a ns en s ki m mi ng
.

a s if he ha d b e
-

a nd he fo u nd a nu m
,

a cro s s t he e a rt h b er o f S a t a n s s erva nt s

w i t h a c a nd l eb u rn i n g b l u e in t hem idd l eo f t hem T heir m

,

a s t er

ma ki ng a sermo n o f dou bt fu l sp eec hes t he

.

st o o d in a pu l pi t

e ec t o f w hic h w a s t ha t t hey w er e no t t o fea r him t ho u g h he

,
'

w er e g ri m (he s eem
,

s t o ha v e

a pp e a re d in a di ff er ent cha r a c t er
fr o mt ha t in w hic h he r st pres ent ed hi m se l f t o F i a n ) ; t ell i ng
t hemt ha t h e ha d m a ny s erv a nt s w ho sho u l d n e ve, r w a nt a nd ,

sho u l d a i l n o t h i ng s o l o ng a s t heir h a ir s wer e o n a nd t ha t t he y

t a ny t ea r s fa ll fro m I t w a s a co m mon
, ,

shou l d n e ve r le t heir ey es .

a r t i cl e o f b e l ief t ha t w i t ches co u l d n ot shed t ea rs H efu r t her ex

1 13 S O R C E RY A ND M AGIC .

m
ho r t ed t h e t ha t t hey sho u l d s p a r e not t o do ev i l , a nd t o ea t ,

m
dri nk , a nd b e bl i t he a n d he a d e t he do hi ho a g e b y k i ss m m m
i ng his po s t eriors . F ia n a pp ea rs t o ha ve b een a n i ll di s p os ed -

p er s o n, a nd w ell i nc l i ned t o Inn in pr a c t ic e S a t a n s exho rt a t io ns

m
.

T he po w er w h ic h he ob t a i ned by h is co nnec t io n w i t h t h et e pt
m
er , w a s a l w a y s e pl o y ed t o w ork m i s c hi ef, or fo r t he i n d u lg ence
o f his w ick e d p a s s io ns H e co nfess ed on his t ri a l t h a t he ha d
m m m
.

se d u c ed a w ido w n a ed M a r g a r et S p ens , u nd er pro i s e o f a r

r ia e, a nd t he n d e se r t ed her H e w a s pop u l a rly a c c u s ed o f
g
m m
.

h a v i ng a t t e p t ed t o forc e t o his w i ll a v ir t u ou s a id en , t he s i st er
o f o n e o f his s c hol a r s , b y c ha r m
s w hi c h ca n no t w e l l b ed esc r i b ed
h er e, b u t w hic h w er e t hw a r t ed b y t he i ng enu i t y o f her m ot her,
a nd m a d e t o t hro w di s g r a c e o n t he d e s i ni ng s orc e
g r e r W h i l e
m m
.

r es idi n g a t T ra nent , F i a n o ne n i g ht su p p ed a t t he i ll er s , s o e

m
di st a nc e fro t he t o w n , a nd a s i t w a s l a t e b efore he l eft , w as
m
co nv ey ed ho e o n a hors e b y o n e o f t he i ll er s en ; it b ei ng m
m
d a rk , he r a i s ed u p , by his u n ea rt hly a genc y , fou r c a n d l es o n t he
ho r s es ea rs , a nd o ne o n t he s t a ff w hich his co p a n ion ca r r i ed,

m
w hic h w er e s o bri ght t ha t t hey ma d e t he n i ht a pp e
g a r a s li

a s da
y b u t t he m an w as te rri f i ed t o s u c h a d e r ee
g t h a t on

m
,

r et u r n ho e he dropp ed do w n d ea d T hi s w a s t o l d b y F i an
m m
.

h i s el f o n his ex a i na t io n
m m
.

A g nes S a p so u n a c t ed a n esp eci a lly pro i nent p a rt in t hese

t r a n s a c t io ns m
S he is d es c r i b ed in t he i ndic t ent a s r es idi n g in
mm
.

Net her K ei t h, w a s co o n ly k no w n by t he t i t l e o f t he w ise

m
w i fe o f K ei t h, a nd s ee s t o ha v e u s ed her a r t c hi ey i n c u r in
g
d i s ea s es , a l t ho u gh she w a s a cc u s ed o f h a vi ng i nic t ed s eri ou s
i nj u ri es o n t ho sew ho pro v ok ed her A rchbi sho p Spo t s w o d ede
m
.

s c r ib e s he r as a w o a n , no t o f t h e b a s e a nd i nor a nt s o r t of
g
w i t c h es , b u t m a t ro n l ik e,
-
g r a v e, a nd s e t t l ed i n h e r a n s w er s
m
.

H er ex a i nat io n w a s l o ng , a nd her co nfes s ion, b y w h a t is p r e

se m
r ved , a pp ea r s t o ha ve b een t he w i l d est a nd o s t ex t ra o rdi na r y
o f t he m a l l ; b u t it w o u l d t a k e t o o m u c h o f o u r sp a c e t o g i ve o re m
m
t ha n a s a p l e o f t he m .

S he s a id t ha t sh e ha d l ea rned h er a r t o f k no w i ng a nd h ea l i n
g
m m
di s ea s es fro her fa t her ; t ha t t he r s t t i e she b eg a n t o s erve
t he d ev i l w a s a ft e r t he d ea t h o f her hu sb a nd , w hen he a pp ea r ed
t o h er in t he l ik en es s o f a m mm
a n , a nd co a nd e d her t o a c kno w l
ed g e hi m a s he r m a st e r , a nd t o r eno u nc e C hri st T hi s she
m m
.

a re e d t o b e i n poor nd t h e t e p t e r pro i i h e ric h e f

g , g ,
a s ng r s o r
h er s el f a nd her c hi l dr en . H e g ener a lly a pp ea r ed t o her in t he
l ik enes s o f a do g , o f w hich s h e a sk ed qu est io ns , a nd r ec ei ved
a ns w e r s On one o cc a sio n, w hen she w a s s ent for t o t he o ld
.
 EUPH AM E M A C K A LZ EA NE . 119

l a d y Ed m est o u n e w ho l a y s ic k s he w ent i nt o t he g a rd en a t
vi l b y t h e n a m e o f E l va w ho c a m
, ,

n i g h t a n d c a ll ed t he d e e in
o ver t he dik e in t he l ik enes s o f a d o g a nd c a m
,

e s o n ea r t o her
t ha t s he w a s fr i g ht en ed u po n w hic h s he c ha r g ed him o n t he
, ,

l a w h e b el i ev ed o n t o co m S he t hen a sk ed h im
, ,

e n o n ea r er
,
.

if t he l a d y w o u l d r eco v er a nd h e t o l d her t ha t her d a y s w er e

n a s k ed w h er e t he g ent l ew o m
,

g o n e H e t h e en t h e l a d y s

d a u g h t er s w er e S he t ol d himt hey w er e t o m
.
,

eet her t her e o n

w h ic h h e s a id t ha t hew o u l d ha v e o ne o f t hem A g n es s a id t ha t
, .
,

s h e w o u l d hi nd er h i m o n w hic h he w e
.

nt a w a y b o w l in n d
g a

c o nc ea l ed h i m l f in t he w ell w her e he r em
, ,

se a in ed t i ll a ft er s u p
m am
,

p e r T h e g e n t l e w o e n c e i n t o t h e g a rd en w h e n s u pp er w a s

r eu po n t hed o g ru shed o u t t er r i ed t hema l l a nd s ei z ed

.

o ver w h e

r s t he l a dy T o r s enye a n d a t t em
, , ,

o n e o f t h e d a u g ht e ,
p t ed t o d r a g ,

her i n t o t he w ell t o d r o w n her b u t A g n es a l s o s ei z ed ho l d o f ,

her a nd pro v ed s t r o ng er t ha n t he d ev i l w ho t her eu po n d i s a p

, ,

e a r ed w i t h a t e r r ib l e h o wl O n a no t her occ a s io n A g n es w i t h
p .
, ,

G eil l i s D u nc a n a nd o t her w i t c hes w i s hi ng t o b e r ev en g ed o n

D a v id S ey t o u n ( G eillis Du nc a n s m r) m
,

a st e et o n t he brid g e a t

F o u ls t r u t hir a nd t hr ew a cord i nt o t he ri ver a nd A g nes S a m

,

, p ,

s o u n cri e d H a i l ho l o a T he end o f t he cord w hic h w a s i n

t he w a t er b ec a m e im medi a t ely hea vy a nd w hen t hey drew it
, ,

t he d evi l c a m
,

ou t e u p a t t he end o f it a n d a s k ed i f t hey ha d a ll
b een g ood s er va n t s H e t hen g a v e t hema cha r m w hic h w a s t o
, ,

.
,

a ff ec t Da v id S eyt o u n a nd his g o o d s b u t it w a s a cc id en t a lly

ll u po n a no t h er p er s o n T he l a dy o f w ho mw e
,

a v er t ed a nd f e

m
, .

a r e n o w sp e a ki n
g se e s t o h a v e ha d a l i t t l e o f t h e e v i l o ne i n

her fo r she s o m et i m es q u a r r ell ed w i t h t he d evi l hi m se lf

E u p ha m e (E u p hem i a ) M a ck a l z ea n e o ne o f t he p er sons m
.
,

o st
d eep ly i m p l ic a t e
,

d i n t hes e c ha r g es w a s a l a d y o f r a nk in s oci
et y t he o n ly d a u ght er a nd hei r es s o f T ho m
,

,
a s M a ck a l z e a ne l o rd

Cl ift o u nha ll o ne o f t hes ena t o r s o f t h e C o ll eg e o f J u s t ic e a dis

t in g u is h ed s c hol a r l a w y er a n d s t a t esm
, ,

, an ,
S he a pp ea r s t o ha ve .

been l ed i nt o a s s oci a t i ng w i t h t he b a s e p eop l e co n c erned in t hi s

co n s pir a c y b y her d ev o t io n t o t he R o mi s h r el i g ion a nd t o t h e
,

p a rt y o f t he ea r l o f B ot h w ell S he co nfes s ed t ha t she ha d rst

b een m a d e a w i t ch b y t h e m ea n s o f a n Iri sh w o m
.

an w it h a
fa l len n o s e a nd t ha t t o m a k e he r s el f m or e p er fec t a nd w ell

s ki ll ed in t h e s a id a r t o f w i t c h c r a ft s he ha d c a u s ed a no t h er ,

w i t c h d w ell i ng in S t Ni n i a n s R o w (in E di nb u r g h ) t o ina u

, .
,

g u r a t e he r in t he s a id cr a ft w i t h t h e g i r t h o f a ne g r i t bik a r
t u rn ing t he s a m e o ft rou nd her hea d a nd neck a n d o ft t i m
, ,

es ,
-

r o u nd he r he ad S he w a s c ha r g ed w i t h ha vi ng p roc u r ed t he
.
1 20 S O R C E R Y A ND M AGI C .

d ea t hs o f her hu sb a nd her r l a w a nd v a r i o u s ot her p er

fa t he - in -

by m S he ha d b eco m
, ,

s o ns ea n s o f p o i s o n a nd s orc er y ea c
s Sam s o u n a t t he t i m
.
,

q u a i nt ed w i t h A gn e p e o f t h e bir t h o f her

rs t s o n w hen s he a ppl i ed t o her t o ea s eher o f her p a i ns in

c hi l dbi r t h w hich she did by t ra n s ferri ng t hemt o a d o g w hich
,

, ,

r a n a w a y a nd w a s n ev e r hea rd o f a ft er w a rd A t t he b i r t h o f
her s ec o n d s o n A g nes S a m s o u n i n t he s a m
.
,

e w a t r a nsferr e d
, p y
her p a i n s t o a c a t
B a rb a r a Na pi er w a s a l s o a w o m a n o f so m
.

e ra nk ; b u t t he
o t her s w er e in g ener a l p er s o ns o f v ery l o w co nd it io n A m an

n ickn a m ed G r ey M ei ll ( Gr a y M ea l ) w ho mS p O t s w o d ed escr ib es
.
,

as

a ne a u l d s e ly p u r e p l o w m an

w a s k eep er o f t he door a t
,

t hei r co nv ent i o n s
T he ex t ens i v e s c ene o f t he op era t io ns o f t h i s soc i et y em
.

br a c ed t he s ea a s w ell a s t he l a nd I ha v e a l rea d y st a t ed t ha t
t he c hu rc h o f Nor t h B er w ick w a s t heir fa vori t e p l a c e o f m
.

eet
ing A gn es S a m p s o u n co nfess e d t h at o neAll ha ll o w Ev e s h es

w a s a cco m p a n i ed w i t h a g r ea t m r w i t c hes t o t h e nu m
.
,

a ny o t he ,

b er o f t w o hu n d r ed t h a nd t ha t a l l t hey t o g et her w ent t o s ea ea c h

nt i nt o t he s a m
, ,

o n e in a ridd l e or ci v e a nd w e e very s u b s t a nt i a l
ly w i t h a g g o ns o f W i n e m m
,

a ki n
g er ri e a nd dri nk i n
g b y t he
w a y in t he s a m
, ,

,
e ridd l es or ci v es t o t he k irk e o f Nort h B a rrick
, ,

in Lo w t hia n ; a nd t ha t a ft er t hey ha d l a n d ed t ook b a nd es o n t he ,

l a nd e a nd d a u nc ed t hi s r ei ll o r short d a u nce si ngi ng a l l w i t h

, ,

o n e v oic e ,

Co mm er g o ey e b efo r e, co mme g eeye r

mme let me
,

G if yew ell no t g ee befo r e, co r

.

m
A t w h ich t i e she co n fess ed t ha t t hi s G eilli s Du nca ne d id g o e
m
b efo r e t he , p l a y i ng t hi s r ei ll o r d a u nce, u pon a s a ll t r u p e, m m
m
c a ll ed a J ew es t r u p s , u nt i l t hey ent er ed i nt o t he k irk o f No rt h
B a rr ick
O n o n e occ a s io n , F i a n , A gnes S a p o u n , a n a c t i ve m
m
.

w i z a rd n a ed R o b er t G r ier s o u n , a nd o t her s , l eft G r ier s o u n s

ho u s e, a t P r est o n , in a bo a t , a n d w ent o u t t o sea t o a t r y st ,
w i t h a n o t her w i t c h , a nd ent er ed a s h i p , a nd ha d
ood w i n e
g
a nd a l e

t her ei n, a ft er w hic h, a s w a s t heir u su a l c u s t o , t he
y m
s a nk t he s hip a n d a l l t ha t w a s in it , a nd r e t u rn ed ho e On m
m
.

a no t her occ a s io n , a s A gne s Sa o u n co nf e e d t h e y sa i l e d o u t

p s s s

m m
,

f ro Nort h B er w ick in a bo a t l ik e a c h i ney , t he d ev il p a ssing

m
b efor e t he l ik e a rick o f ha y , a nd ent er ed a ship c a l l ed t he

G ra c e o f G od , w her e t hey ha d a b u nd a nc e o f w i ne a nd o t her
g ood c h e e r

,

a nd w h e n t h e y c a e a w m
a y t he e n d r a i s e d a n
ev i l w i n d , he b ei n g u n der t he ship , a n d c a u sed t he shi p t o
p e ri sh ; a n d A g nes s a id t h a t sh e g a v e o n t h i s o c c a s io n t w e n t y
 MEE T ING O F WIT C HE S .
1 21

sh i ll i ng s t o G r eg M ei ll fo r his a t t en d a nc e w hic h w ou ld s eem

t o im p ly t ha t t hey ha d t a k en t he ship s m
,

oney O n o ne o f t heir

s i n t he s u m m
.

vo ya e er o f 1 5 8 9 Dr F i n t t e d t h t t h e end
g a s a a

in for m ed t hemo f t he l ea k w hic h s u b s eq u ent ly end a ng er ed t he

.
, ,

q u e e n s s h ip

w h e n s he t ook r efu
g e i n N o r w a y S u b s e q u en t t o
t h i s w hen t he q u een w a s o n her w a y fr o mD en m
, .

a rk a c o n v e n
Br u m
, ,

t io n w a s hel d a t t he eho ill is w her e t he w ho l e p a r t y
w en t t o s ea in ridd l es R ob er t G r ier s o u n a bo v e m
,

ent io ned b e -

a dm ira l a nd m a s t er m
, , ,

i ng t hei r an a nd t he y a g a i n en t ered a
-

s h ip a nd m a de m
,

er r y ; a n d ni shed b y t hro w i ng a d o g o v er
b o a rd w hic h no t o nly m a d e t h e ship t u r n o v e r a nd s i nk b u t
r a i s ed a s t or mw hic h h e
, ,

l p ed t o dri vet h e qu een b a ck

T h i s la t t er event ho w ever w a s eff ec t ed by m or e i m
.

po s i ng
r em o ni es A m
, ,

ce eet i n g w a s hel d in a w eb st er s ho u s e a t P r es

t o n P a n s a t w hic h w er e p r es en t A g nes S a m
.
,

s o u n Jo hn F i a n
p
-

b a p t i z ed a c a t in a m
, , ,

G eill is D u nc a n a nd t w o o t her s w ho an

t hu s d es c r ib ed in t he co nfess ion o f A g nes S a m

, ,

n er sou n :
p
F ir s t t w o o f t hemhel d o ne ng er in t he o n e s id e o f t he c hi m
,

n ey cr o ok a nd a no t her h el d a n o t her ng er in t h e o t her s id e t he

-

t w o n ib s o f t he ng er s m
, ,

eet i ng t o g et her t hu s t h ey p u t t he ca t
t hr i c e t hro u gh t he l ink s o f t he cro ok a nd p a s s ed it t hr ic e u n d er
t he c hi m
,

ne y T hey su b s equ ent ly t i ed t o t he fo u r feet o f t he
c a t f o u r j o i nt s o f d ea d m
.

en ; a nd it w a s t hen c a r ri ed t o L ei t h
r h ea d a bo u t m
,

a n d t he w i t c hes t ook it t o t he pi e id ni ght a nd

-
,

t hr ew it i nt o t he s ea A no t her p a rt y o f t he co nspi r a t or s a t
.
,

P r es t o n P a ns t hr ew a no t her ca t i nt o t h e s ea a t el ev en o c l ock a t

-

T he r esu l t o f a ll t hi s w a s a s t or mso dr ea d fu l t ha t t he
,

n i g ht .
,

b o a t b et w een L ei t h a nd Ki n g hor n p er i shed w i t h a l l o n bo a rd

am
,

o u n t i n g t o t h r ee s cor e p er s o ns -

T hi s p a r t ic u l a r qu a l i t y o f t h e c a t s fo r r a i si ng s t or m
.

s is n o t

ea s i ly a cco u nt ed fo r Dr F i a n w a s a cc u s ed o f t he hu nt i ng o f
. .

a c a t a t T r a ne nt ; in w hic h hu nt he w a s c a rri ed hi gh a bo v e t he
r o u nd w i t h r e t w i f t n e d l i h t ly t h e ca t h e r el f
g , g a s s s a n a s g ,
a s s ,

o ver a hi g he r d y k e t ha n h e w a s a b l e t o l a y his h a nd t o t he
h ea d o f a n d w he n a s k ed w hy he p u r su ed t h e c a t he r ep l i ed
t ha t a t a co nvent ion hel d a t t he B r u m S a t a n ha d c o m
, ,

eho ill is
mended a ll t ha t w ere pres ent t o c a t c h c a t s t o b e c a st i nt o t he
,

se a fo r t h e p u rpo s e o f r a i s i n w i n d s fo r t h e d e s t r u c t ion o f ship s

g .

A ca t w a s su b s equ ent ly c a st i nt o t he s ea t o r a i s e w i nd s o n t he
k ing s p a ss a g e t o D enm

a rk ; a nd w h e n t he k i ng w a s r e t u rn i ng
r c o nvent ion w a s hel d a t w hic h S a t a n pro m
,

a no t he i sed t o ra i se
a m
,

i st a nd c a st t he k i ng i nt o E ng l a nd fo r w hic h p u rp o s e he
, ,

t hr ew int o t he s ea a t hing l ik e a foo t b a ll , in t he pr e se nceof -

11
1 22 S O R C E R Y A ND M A GIC .

Dr F i a n w ho s a w a va p or a nd s m
.
,
ok e ri s e fro mt he sp o t w here
i t t o u c hed t he w a t er .

T he k i ng a nd his c o ns o r t a s w e h a ve s een es ca p ed a ll t he
, ,

p eri l s o f t he s ea a nd l a nd ed s a fely in S co t l a nd S a t a n co n
fess ed t ha t J a m nu ho m me d e Di eu a nd t ha t he ha d
.
,

es w a s
l i t t l e po w er o ver h im; b u t a ft er his r et u rn new pl a ns w ere
,

fo r m ed fo r t he ki n g s d es t ru c t io n a t t he m om
,

ent w hen B o t h w ell
O n Lem ma s Eve
,

w a s p l o t t i n g r eb ell i o n a g a i n s t his s o v er ei g n .

J u ly Bl s t ) 1 5 9 0 n i ne o f t he pri n cip a l s o rc e r e r s i nc l u di n Dr
( g
F i a n A g nes S a m u ha m
, , , .

p sou n E p e M a ck a lz e a ne a nd B a r b a ra

Na pi er w i t h o t h er s t o t he nu m b er o f t hi r t y m
, , ,

,
et a t t h e New ,

H a ven b et w een M u s s ilb u r g h a nd P r es t o n P a n s a t a s po t c a ll ed -

F a y ri e ho ill is w hen t he d evi l m

, ,

t he -
a d e hi s a p p e a r a n c e in

t h e for mo f a b l a ck m t ho u g ht m o st m
,

a n w hic h w a s ,
eet t o d o
t he t u r n fo r w h ic h t hey w er e c o nven ed

Wh en t hey ha d a ll
t a k en t he p l a c es a s s i g ned t o t hem A g n es S a m
.

s o u n prop o s e d
p ,

t ha t t hey s ho u l d co nsu l t fo r t he d es t r u c t io n o f t he ki ng T he .

d evi l a ft er s t a t i n g t ha t t hei r d es i g ns w e r e l ik ely t o b e t hw a r t ed

pro m i s ed t hema pi ct u r e o f w a x a nd dir ec t ed t hemt o ha ng u p
, ,

a n d r o a s t a t o a d a nd l a y t he drippi n s o f t h e t o a d m
,

, g ix e d w i t h ,

s t ra n a sh a n a dd er s s ki n a nd h e h i i he f or e h e d

g w , t t ,
n g n t a

o f a n ew fo a l e
-
d fo a l in t he w a y w her e t he ki ng w a s t o p a ss o r
h a ng it in a po s i t i o n w her e it m
, ,

i g ht d r op o n his bod y A g nes

Sa m m
.

s o u n w a s a ppoi nt e d t a k e t h e u r e w hic h s he d id
p o
g
v i l o n e w h o pr o m
, ,

a nd a v e it t o t he e i se d t r ep a r e it a nd d e
g o p
l iver it t o t hemfo r u s e w i t h i n a short t i m
,

e T he proc es s o f t he .

t o a d w a s c a rri ed i nt o c ect a nd t he d r ippi ng w a s t o ha ve fa ll en

s m
,

o n t he k i n d r i h i aj est y s b e i h e B ri o f Di e t he

g u n g n g a t t g
d a y b efo r e t he co m mon b ell ra ng for fea r t he ea rl B o t hw el l
,

s ho u l d h a v e e n t er ed E di nb u r I t h a pp e n e d h o w e ve r t h at
g , ,

t he ki ng did no t p a s s b y t he w a h e w as e xp e c t ed
y
The i m m
.

a e o f w a x a pp ea r s t o ha ve b e e n co n id e r e d at
g s a
t er o f m u c h g r ea t e r o m m en t a l a st a nd t e rribl e r esou rc e a nd
t her e w a s ev id en t ly m o r e t ha n o ne m
,

eet i ng o n t he su bj ec t b e
t w een t he t i m e a bo ve m en t io ned a nd t he ev e o f H a ll o w m
-
as s
A n u nu s u a lly s o l em n m
,
1 5 90 . eet i ng h a d b een c a ll ed for t ha t
night t o b e hel d a t No r t h B er w ick c hu rc h w her e t he w it che s
mbl ed t o t he n u mb er o f a bov ea hu ndr ed a mo ng w hich nu m
, ,

a sse

b er t her e w er e o nl y s ix m A gnes S a m
,

en o u n co n fes s e d t h t
.
p s a
sh e w e nt t hi t h er o n hor s eb a c k a nd a r r i ved a t t he c hu rc hy a r d
,

a bo u t e l ev en o c l ock a t n i ght a cro ss w hic h t hey d a nc ed Dr

, , .

F i a n l ea di ng t he w a y a nd G eill is D u nc a n a s u s u a l pl a y i n g t o
on a t r u m p A t t he chu rch t he w o m en r st m
, , ,

. ad e t he ir
 THE DE VIL IN THE P ULPIT . 1 23

ho mg e bei g t rned i t i me w idde hi e

a , n u s x s r sc
(nn s i

s t ha t
in
t he tr y dir ec t io t t he co r e f he
co n a r n o
) u s o t su n , a nd t he n t he
m e w ere t r ed i t he
n u n me m er i e t i me
n sa a nn n n s F i a n nex t
.

bl ew o p en t he c hu rc h door , a nd bl ew in t he l i ght s , w hich w er e

m
lik e g r ea t b l a ck c a nd l es hel d in a n ol d a n s ha nd , ro u nd t he

pu l pi t T he d evi l s u dd enly ro se u p in t he pu l pi t in t he fo r of m
m
.

a bl a c k a n , w i t h a bl a ck b ea r d s t ick i n o u t l ik e t ha t o f a o t
g g a ,

a nd a hi g h ribb e
w it h a l o ng ru
d no s e, fa ll i ng do w n l ik e t he b ea k of a ha w k ,
m
pl e H e w a s c l a d in a b l a ck g o w n , w i t h a n
.

ev i l fa vor ed s k u ll ca p , a l s o b l a c k , o n his hea d

- -
John F i a n
m
.

st o o d b es id e t he p u l pi t , a s c l e rk , a nd n ext t o hi w a s R o b ert
Gr ei r s o u n , a bo ve ent io ned -
m m
S o e o f t he co p a ny st o o d a n d m
m m
.

ot her s s a t T he end r st r ea d fr o a b l a ck book t heir na es ,

m
.

a nd ea c h w he n c a ll ed a n s w er e d, H er e, a s t er O n t hi s o c
m
.

c a s i o n S a t a n a pp ea r s t o ha ve b een in s o e co nfu s io n , fo r w here

as i t w a s t he c u s t o m
fo r every o n e t o ha v e a n ick n a e, b y w hic h m
m
only t hey w er e t o b e na ed i n t ha t co pa ny , t ha t o f R ob ert m
G r ei r sou n b ei ng

R o b t he R o w a r , t he d ev i l c a ll ed hi b y his m
o w n prop e m
r na e, w hic h c a u s ed g r ea t s c a n d a l a n d c l a o r , a nd m
t h ey a ll r a n -

hir d ie g ir d ie, a nd w er e a n g ry T he exci t e ent m
m mm
.

w a s i ncr ea s ed b y his a ki n t he s a e i s t a k e w i t h r e a rd t o
g g
m
Eu p h a e M a ck a lz ea ne a nd B a rb a r a Na pi er W hen t hi s o u t
m m m
.

brea k w a s a pp ea s ed , S a t a n a d e a sho r t s er o n, exho r t in g t he

a ll t o b e g ood s e r va nt s a nd t o c o nt i nu e d o i ng a s u c h evi l a s m
t hey co u l d Thi s w a s fo ll o w ed by a n o t her ou t bu r st o f dis s a t is
m
.

fa c t i o n , o n a cco u nt o f t he i a g e o f w a x t ha t w a s no t yet fo r t h
m
c o i ng R ob ert G r eir s ou n , u rg ed o n by t he w o en, s a id , m
m m
.

W h ere is t he t hi n g ye pro i s ed T o a pp ea s e t he t u u l t ,
m
w h i c h w a s b eco i ng g r ea t er a nd g r ea t er , t he end r epl i ed t ha t
I t s ho u l d b e g o t t en t he n ex t m
eet i n g , a n d he w o u l d ho l d t he
m
next a s s e b ly fo r t ha t c a u s e t he s oo n er it w a s no t r ea d y a t t ha t
m
ti e

R ob er t G r eir so u n , w ho w a s p erha ps o end ed a t t he is m
m m
.

t a k e a bo u t h is n a e, c a ll ed o u t , Y e p r o i s ed t w ic e a nd d e
c ei ve
-
m
d u s ! a nd fou r ho n es t l ik e w o en , a s B a r b a r a Na pi er

m
t er ed t he m m
i n h er confes s io n , w er e v er y i po rt u n a t e, a nd o b
m m
t a i n ed a pro i s e t ha t t he i a g e sho u l d b e d el i v er ed v er y s hort
m
ly t o B a r b a ra Na pi er a nd Eu p ha e M a ck a l z ea ne, w i t ho u t w a i t
i ng for a no t her m
eeti ng m m
I n t he id s t o f t hi s t u u l t , poor G r ey
m
.

M eill , t he d o or k eep er , w a s i p ru d ent eno u g h t o sa y t ha t

-

no t h ing a i l ed t he ki n g yet , G o d b e t ha n k ed fo r w hic h t he

m
d evil g a v e hi a g r ea t b l o w

W e a r e t o l d t ha t t he d ev il g a v e
m
.

a s o n fo r his t a rdi nes s , t he ki n g s ex t r e e p i e t y a nd w is

as a r e

m m m
d o , w hich ha d p r es er ved hi fro a ll da nger s ; a nd th e lu n g
1 24 S O RC E RY A ND M AGIC .

w a s no t a l i t t l e fl a t t ered by t hi s co nfes s io n A ft er t h i s bu s iness .

w s a e n d e d t,
h e co m p a n y a p p e a r t o h a v e h a d a s o r t o f a r e vel ,

a nd t he y op ened t w o gr a ves w it hi n a n d o ne w i t ho u t t he chu r ch

ad to m a k e c ha r m
,

a nd t oo k t hejoi nt s o f t he d e s o f w hi ch w e re
m
,

s ha r ed a m on
g t he a nd t he n t he y d e p a rt e d h a vi n
g g i ven t he

evi l o ne t he a cc u s t o m ed co m pl i m
, ,

ent o f a k i s s b eh ind It a p .

p ea rs t ha t t hej u dici a l pro s ec u t io n a ro s e b efo r e a ny f u rt her p r o g

r es s co u l d b em a d e w i t h t he i m a eof w a x
g
T he s t r a ng e circ u m s d es crib ed a bo ve w i t h m u ch m
.

st a nc e o re

w er e co nfes s ed t o m
, ,

,
or e or l es s b y n ea rly t hi rt y i ndi vid u a l s so
, ,

t ha t w e c a n ha rd ly do o t he r w i s e t ha n su ppo s e t ha t t he p er s o ns
im p l ic a t ed u n d er s o m e m e n t a l ill u s io n ha d p l o t t e d t o get her t o
eff ec t a c r i m
, ,

i na l obj ec t b y su per st i t iou s pra c t ic es M u ch; ho w

ever o f t h e m
.

or e ex t r a va g a nt p a rt o f t he st ory w a s p rob a bly su g

u es t i o ns p u t b y t h eir ex a m
,

est e d b y t h e q i ners a nd ex t o r t e d
g ,

u n d er t he t er r or a nd t he f eel i ng o f he l pl es sn es s prod u c ed b y t he
cru el t y a nd t y ra nny o f t heir t or m ent or s \Veha v e a l rea d y s een
t he m
.

a nn e r in w hic h G eilles D u nc a n s co nfess io n w a s w r enched

fro mher . T he r m ne s s w i t h w hic h m a ny o f t he msu ff ered w a s

l ook ed u pon a s di a bol ic a l ob st i na c y a nd o nly pro vok ed t o t he ,

a pp l ic a t io n o f s e ve r er t ort u r es T ho s e t o w hich Dr F i a n w a s
c t ed w er e t o o horr ib l e t o b e d es c r ib ed A gn es S a m
. .

su b j e o n
p s u
w a s ex a m
.

i ned b efo r e t he ki n g a t H oly rood H ou se; she b o r e

t h e t or t u r e w hich i s d es crib ed in t he o l d na rra t i v e a s a a y ne
p
mo st gr evo ns rmly a nd w it hou t confes sion ; u pon w hich she
,

w a s s t ripp ed t he ha ir sha ved fro mher bod y a n d

,

t he d ev i l s

ma r k fou nd in a p a rt w her e it w a s a cr u el i nsu l t t o her w o ma n

, ,

h ood t o s ea r c h S he co nfes s ed a ny t h i ng r a t her t ha n su b m

. it t o
fu rt her i ndi g ni t i es
l i ght in t hese exa m
.

The ki ng w e a r e t o l d
t oo k g r ea t d e
i na t io ns a nd t he co nfes s io ns p u t him in a w o nderfu l a d m
, ,

ira
H is v a n i t y w a s a t t er ed a t t he s a m et i m

t io n e t ha t his cu r i
m
.
,

o s it w a s exci t e d a nd r t i e d H e d e G e ill e D n c n pl a
y g a a s u a

b efor ehimo n her t r u m am h

.

p ( or J e w s h a

r p ) t h e s e t u n e t o w hi c
t he w i t c hes h a d d a n c ed i n t heir m eet i ngs T het ri a l s cont inu ed
t o occ u p y himt hro u gho u t t h e w i nt er o f 1 5 90 a n d t he end w a s
.

more t ra g ic a l even t h a n t he b eg i nni ng fo r t he S cott i sh S ol omo n

,

w a s i n ex o r a b l e in his j u d g m Dr F i a n w a s co ndem
,

ent s ne d on

t he 2 6t h o f D ec em
. .

b er 1 5 90 a nd b yr nt a t t he b eginning o f
J a nu a ry O n t he 2 7t h of J a nu a ry 1 5 9 1 A gnes S a m
, ,

p s o u n w a s
'

.
, ,

se nt e n c ed t o b e t a k en t o t he c a s t l e h i ll o f E di nb u r gh a nd t he
-
re ,

b e bo u nd t o a st a k e a n d w i r r eit [ w orri e d ] t i ll she w a s d e a d ,

a nd t he r ea ft er her body b u rnt t o a shes ; a ll w hich w a s du ly ex

 KING J A ME S ON WIT C H CR A F T . 1 25

ecu t ed . m
The sent en c eo f Eu pha eM a ck a l z ea n e w a s st i ll m ore
c r u el s h e a pp ea r s t o ha ve b een k ep t l o n n d t o h a v e u nd e r
g a

g o n e m a ny e x a i m
n a t io ns , prob a b ly i n t he hop e t h a t s he m i g h t

g i ve u
p t h e n a e ms o f so m e o f B o t hw e ll

s a cco m p l ic e s a n d o n
m
,

t he 7 t h o f J u ne, 1 5 9 1 , s he w a s co nd e n ed t o b e b u rnt a l i v e, t h e
o t her s b e i n g a l l st r a n g l ed b efor e t hey w er e co mmi t t ed t o t he
m
a es D u ri ng t he i nt er veni n g p eriod a ny o f her a cco p l ic es
. m m
o f l es s n o t e s u ff e r ed a t t hest a k e I n t hec a s eo f B a rb a ra Na pi er ,
m
.

t he a j ori t y o f t he j u r y h a vi n
g a cq u i t t ed he r o f t he c hi e f a r t ic l es

o f t he c ha r e a a i n st he
g g r , w er et he s e m l ve s t h r ea t en e d t h e ki n
g
s i t t i ng in j u d g m
ent in his o w n p er s o n w i t h a t ri a l fo r w i l f u l
m
er ror u p o n a n a ss i z e, a nd w er e co p ell ed t o a v oid t he co n s e
m m

e n e b y ck n o w l e d i n t h e el ve i l t y a nd t hro w i n g t h e
q u c s a
g g s s g u

m m
.

se l ves o n t he ki ng s er c y , w ho 3 p a rdo n ed t he

m m
.

K i ng J a es no w b ec a e prou d o f his s ki ll a nd k no w l ed g e in
m m m
,

t he at t e r o f sorc ery , a nd o f t he w i sdo o f his j u dg ent s H e

m
.

a d e i t a su bj e c t o f his s p eci a l s t u dy, a nd his r oy a l l ei su r e w a s

o c cu p i ed w i t h t he co m m
pi l a t io n, in for o f a di a l o gu e, o f a t r ea
m
t is e w h ic h w a s pri nt ed u nd er t h et i t l eo f Dze o n o l o g ie, w i t h t he

m
k i n g s n a e, a t E di nb u r g h in 1 5 9 7 , . I n t he pr efa c e t he ro y a l

a u t h o r sp e a k s of t he f ea r fu l ] a b o u nd in g e o f w i t c h es in S co t
m m
l a nd a t t ha t t i e; a nd co p l a i ns bi t t er ly a g a i ns t t he E ng l i sh
m a n R eg i na l d S co t t , w ho h a d a t t e p t e m d t o di spro ve t heexi st enc e
o f w i t c he s , a nd a a i nst W i e
g r u s , t h e G er m a n , w ho ha d w ri t t e n a

s o rt o f a po l o g y fo r t he p er s o ns t hu s a cc u s ed , w her eb y , s a y s
t he k i n g , m
he p l a i nly b ew r a yes h i s el fe t o ha v e b ene o ne o f
t ha t p ro fes s io n H is
'

m aj e s t y s book i s

m u c h i nfe r ior t o t he
m
.

o t h er t r e a t ise s o n t he su bj ec t p u b l i she d a bou t t he s a e p er iod ;

m
it is co pi l ed fro m fo r ei g n w ork s , a nd b eg i n s w i t h di s c u ss ing
ve r y l ea rn e dly t he na t u r e a nd exi st enc e o f w i t chcra ft , a nd w i t h
d es cribi ng t he co nt r a c t w i t h S a t a n, b u t it fu r n i shes l i t t l e or no
m
in for a t io n o n t her ea l c ha r a c t er o f t he S co t t i sh su p erst i t io ns o f
t he d a y .

*
11
1 98 S O RCERY AND M AGIC .

C H A P T E R XI .

MA G I C I N E NGLAN D DU R I NG T H E A GE O F T H E R EF O R M A TI O N .

T HE m a ici a n, a s w eh a ve s t a t e
g d i n a fo r m
e r cha p t e r , d iff e r e d
f ro m t he w i t c h in b ei ng t he m
a s t er a nd no t t he s l a v e o f t he

s piri t s w ho w e re su ppo sed t o w ork his w i ll I n t he i ddle m

m
.

a g es t he k no w l e dg e o f t he few co nt ra st ed so a r v ell ou sl y w it h
t he i g nor a n c e o f t he m
u l t i t u d e, t ha t p e op l e w er e ea s ily l ed t o
p u t fa i t h i n t he r e por t t h a t t he y ob t a i ned it b y a co mm u n i c a t i o n
w i t h t he i nvi s ib l e w orl d , w hic h t hey i n t oo m
a ny c a se s de s ig n

m m
ed ly prop a g a t ed , in order t o i po s e ore p o w er fu lly on p op u la r
c r ed u l i t y H o w ever , nei t her t he l ea rn i ng o f t he s cho l a r nor
m m
.

t he w i s do o f t he st a t e s an w e re proo f a ga i nst t he i n u en c eo f
t he u ni v er s a lly preva i l i n g b el i ef in m a ic
g . Th e l a t t e r n o t un
fr equ ent ly s o u g ht t he a d vic e o f t he a s t ro l o ger o r t he a id o f t he
m a ici a n in his di f c u l t i e
g s ; w h i l e s o m e o f t h e m o s t p r o f o u nd
s c ho l a r s w a st e d t heir l i ves in t he u npro t a b l e st u dy o f a s cience,
t he t ru t h o f w hic h w a s pr et end ed t o r est o n b o o k s a nd r u l e s
ha n d ed do w n t o po st eri t y fro m m
t he a g e o f S o l o o n, a nd even
f rom m
t ho s e o f A d a a nd t he p a t ri a rc hs , w ho w e re s a i d t o ha ve
r ec e m m
i ved t he fro t he a ng el s R a z i el a nd R a pha el .

T he pop u l a r b el i ef in t hi s s ci en c e w a s s t r engt hen ed b y t he

ex t r a ordi na ry eff ec t s o f na t u ra l proc es s es no w co mm o nly u nd er
s t ood , b u t t hen k no w n o nly t o a s m a ll nu m
b er o f i ndi v idu a l s ,
m
w ho co v er ed t heir k no w l ed g e w i t h t he o st pro fo u n d s ec r ec ;
y
a nd b y t he no l e ss e x t r a or d i na r y fea t s o f j u g g l ers , w ho d eri v ed
t heir s ki ll i n sl ei ht o f ha nd fro
g
- -
m t h e E a s t a p a r t o f t h e w o r l d
m
.

a l w a ys c e l ebr a t ed a s t he c r a d l e o f t hi s c l a ss o f p erfo r ers W e

m
.

nd in o ld hi s t ori es ent io n o f s t r a n g e ex hibi t io ns , w hic h c a n

m
o nly b e exp l a i ned by t he su ppo s i t io n o f a co bi na t io n o f O p t i c a l
m
i nst r u ent s , a nd b y o t her a g en ci es w hic h i n dic a t e a n u nu s u a l
k no w l ed g e o f na t u r a l phi l o s o phy m
T he p er for a n c es o f t h e
m m
.

j u ggl er s o ft en excit ed a st o n i s h ent a nd a l a r , a n d t hey w er e

so m m et i es pro s ec u t ed b y t he c hu r ch fo r t heir pr esu ed i nt er m
co u r s e w i t h t he d evi l W e a r et o l d by t he ecc l es i a s t ic a l inqu is
m m
. .

i t er , John Nid er , ent io ned i n a fo r er c ha p t er , t ha t , i n t he

m m
l a t t er ha l f o f t he ft eent h c ent u ry , a w o a n a de her a pp ea r
a nc e a t C o l o g ne , w ho p e m m
r for ed a ny ex t ra o rdi nar y fea t s , su ch
 P O P UL A R I NF L UENC E O F M A GI C . 1 27

as t ea r i ng a n a pk i n t o pi ec es , a n d t hen in a n inst a nt prod u ci ng

it u n i nj u r ed b efor e t he ey es o f t h e sp ec t a t or s d a shi ng a g l a s s
a a i n s t t he c ei l i n g , a nd i
g mm e di at el y r e st o ri n
g i t w h o l e, a n d t he

l ik e ; a nd a l t ho u gh t hes e a r e a o n g t he c o m mm o nest t r ick s o f

m od er n s l ei g ht o f ha n d , it r eq u i r ed po w er fu l pro t ec t or s t o s cr een
- -

her f ro m t he p u r su i t s o f t he bi s ho p E v en a s l a t e a s t he y ea r
m
.

1 5 9 5 , a s w e l ea rn fr o t he jo u r n a l o f P i er r e l Est o il e, w hen a

j u g g l er , w ho ha d t a u g h t a c a t t o p er fo r m v a rio u s s u r p r i s i n
g f e a t s

m
,

o ff er ed t o ex h ibi t it b efo r e t h e F r e n ch ki n g H en ri I V , his in

m m
.

i st er s r epr es ent ed t o t he o na r c h t h a t it i ght b e a p l o t t o b e

m
w i t c h hi , a n d , a l t ho u gh hi s m aj es t y l a u he
g d a t t h e ir a
pp r e h e n
si o n s , m ea ns w er e fo u nd t o g et t hej u gg l er a n d h is c a t o u t o f t h e
w ay . m
I t w a s i nd eed a t t h a t t i e a n u npop u l a r a n i a l m a le a r ne d
i w o u l d ha ve h a d a b et t e r c h a nc e I n t h e e a rl i e r p a r t o f t he
p g
m m
.

s i x t eent h c e nt u r y , a s w e l ea r n fr o W i er u s , a co nt e p o ra ry
w ri t er o n t hes e su bj ec t s , t her e w a s a ma n a t M a de
g b u r g w h o

u n d ert ook t o rid e u p in t he a i r , a n d , u nd er t hi s p r et e x t , c o ll ec t ed

fro m t ho s e w ho w er e ea g er t o w i t nes s his d epa r t u r e a c o ns id er a
a b l e su m m of o n ey T he p eop l e w ho ha d p a id t heir o ney et m m
m
.

o n t he d a a ppoi nt e d t h ey s a w t he a n br in f or t h a ho r s ea nd
y ; g
m m m
p er for c er t a i n y s t erio u s c er e on i es , w her eu po n it b eg a n t o
r i s e fro m t he g r o u n d ; t he c o nj u r o r t o ok ho l d o f t he h or s es t a i l ,

a n d , a s h e g r a d u a lly m o u nt ed u p w a rd , his w i fe t ook ho l d o f h i , m

a n d t heir s e m
rv a nt hel d b y his i st r es s , a nd s o t hey di s a pp ea r\ed ,
m
t o t he g r ea t a s t o n is h en t o f t he b eho l d er s B u t in t he id st o fm
m m m
.

t heir a d ir a t io n , a t o w n s en , r et u r ni n g fr o a v i s i t t o t he co u n

m m
t r y , i n for ed t he t ha t h e ha d s een t h e j u g g l er m a rc hi n
g aw a
y
m
w i t h hi s fa i ly a nd h is s poi l s , a l o ng o n e o f t he p u b l ic ro a d s
m
l ea di n g f r o t he ci t y , i n t he s a me o r di n a ry m a nn er in w hic h

o t h er m m m
ort a l en a r e a cc u s t o ed t o t r a vel T he w ho l e w a s a .

d ec ep t i o n
m m
.

T r ea t i s es o n a gic , bo t h in a nu s c r ipt a nd i n pri nt , w ere

a b u n d a nt I n t hes e w e nd t he d es c r ip t i o n o f a nu ero u s ho st m
m
.
.

o f s piri t s , c l a s s e d a ccordi ng t o t heir po w er s, a nd fo r s , a n d a t

t ri b u t es . O ne ha d fo r it s pro vi nc e t hec a r e o f t r ea s u r es , a n o t her
t h e g i vi ng o f po w er , t h i s o f endo w i ng w i t h el o q u en c e, t h a t o f

p roc u ri n
g or d e s t ro y i n
g l o ve E a c h o f t h e s e, b y c er t a i n c e r e
m m m
.

o ni es a nd i nvoc a t io ns , i ght b e a d e su b s er vi ent t o t he p er

s o n w h o c a ll ed hi m u p S o g ener a l w a s t he b el i ef in t h e effi
m m
.

c a c y o f t h es e c ha r s a nd c er e o n i es , t h a t ev en l a t e i n t he s ix

t een t h c ent u r y , w h en m en o f enl i ght en ed m i nd s p r i n t ed t he in m

o rd er t o expo s e t h e m t o ridic u l e, o t her s , t heir opp o n ent s , b u t
m en o f l ea r ni ng a nd c ha r a c t er , su c h a s B odi n, cri ed o u t w i t h
1 28 S O R CE RY A ND M A GI C .

te rror a t t he d a ng er l ik ely t o a ri s efro mpl a c ing w i t hi n t he r ea ch

o f t h e v u l g a r s u c h po w er fu l i n s t ru m ent s o f m i s c hi ef S o m e
t im es t he m s piri t t o a c ha r m circ l e; so m
.

a ici a n c a ll e
g d t h e e d e
t im es he co m p ell ed hi mt o a pp ea r in a m irror ; b u t t he m ore
u su a l m et hod w a s t o fo r c e t he s piri t int o a cry st a l or s t o ne a nd
t o ho l d him c o nfi ned t her e u n t i l he ha d a ns w er ed t he p u rpo s e
, ,

fo r w hic h he w a s c a ll ed . D ees co nj u r i ng st o ne w a s pres er ved

i n t he S t r a w b er ry H i ll co ll ec t i o n a nd is d es crib ed a s b ei n g a p
s on m
,

p ar e nt l
y a po l i s hed pi ec e o f k e nn e l co al T h e w ork a ic
g
a l i n vo c a t io n s a n d fo r m
.

i ve t he s ev e r s fo r c a ll i n g e a ch a r t icu
g p
l a r spiri t ; a nd t her e a r e even i nc a nt a t io n s o f a m ore s t ri ng ent
n a t u r e t o b e u s ed fo r t h e p u r po s e o f co ns t r a i ni ng or p u ni s hi ng
su c h s pi r i t s a s m i g ht sho w ob st i n a c y t o w a rd t ho s e w ho c a ll ed
U po n t hem A v o l u me o f t hi s d es crip t io n a m o ng t he m a nu

s c r ip t s in t he B r i t i s h M u s eu m M S
.

S l o a ne No 38 5 0 fo l
(
r g i v i n g a c ha rm a nd dir ec t io ns fo r u s i ng it go es o n t o sa y
.
.
, .
,

a ft e , , ,

T he v irt u e o f t h i s fi r s t i s t ha t if a ny s piri t w er e in a ny g l a ss
, , , ,

a nd a n o f t hes e fi u r es l a id u po n t he s a id l a s s t h a t t he n t h e
y g g
p a rt t i ll t he figu r e w ere r em
,

s pi r i t s ho u l d n o t d e o ved ; a nd w hen
t h o u w i l t bi nd or c o nj u r e a n s piri t t hen t ho u m u s t bi nd t hes e al
y
o f S ol o m o n a bo u t t hy ri g ht a r m t he p ent a g o n a nd m
,

or t a on
, g
a bo u t t h
y h e ad a n d t h e g i r d l e a bo u t t h y b r e a s t : t h e n h o l d a

l it t l e m
,

y rrh a nd fr a n ki n c ens e u n d er t hy t o ngu e a nd c a ll w ha t

l a y co m
,

s pi r i t t ho u w i l t a n d h e w i ll p r es en t ly w i t ho u t d e e a nd
ob ey t hee i n w ha t he ma y
, , ,

I t w a s n ec es s a r y t ha t p ers o n s
u s i ng t hes e c ha r m
.

s s ho u l d b e w ell a cq u a i nt ed w i t h t h e s ci enc e

a nd it s a pp l ic a t io ns ; fo r a l t ho u h
g w h e n pr op e r ly p e r for m e d
t hey m a d e t he m a ic i a n a b s o l u t e m
, , ,

g a st e r o f t he s piri t t h e l at t er
w a s a n u n w i ll i ng s er va nt a n d if t he s l i g ht est err or w er e m
,

,
a de

i n t h e i nc a nt a t io n h e n o t u nfr eq u ent ly t ook his r ev eng e b y ru sh

i ng o n t heu n s ki l f u l s c ho l a r a nd c a rry i n g hi ma w a y
,

I n 1 5 30 a s
VVier u s t ell s u s a p r i es t o f Nu r em
.
, ,

b u r g ha d r eco u r s e t o s u c h in
d hi min a gl a ss w her e t rea su r e
,

c a nt a t io n s a nd t he d ev i l s ho w e
,

l a y b u r i ed T he p r i es t w ent t o t he s p o t a nd b eg a n di g g i ng
b u t w hen he h a d j u st co m
.
, ,

e i n s i g h t o f t he c h es t o f t r ea su r ea n d
o n hi m
,

o f a b l a ck d o w h ic h a rde d i t t h e e r t h f e ll i n p n d
g g u a u a

b u ri ed him a nd n obody cou l d n d t he p l a c e a ft er w a rd

,

A s w e a pp r o a c h t he a g e o f t h e R efo r m
, .

a t io n w e nd t ha t t he

st u d y o f m a g ic a nd a l c h em y ha d b eco m e ex t r em ely co m mo n
,

am on t h e R o m i sh c l er y T h i w a s es p e ci a lly t he c a s e i n
g g . s

E ng l a nd w her e w e hea r o f fr equ ent i n s t a n c es o f pri est s a nd

mo nk s w ho vent u r ed t o d a bbl e in t he fo r bidd en s ci enc es Un
,

d er t her st m
.

ona rc hs o f t he T u dor dy na s t y t he ext ra o rd i na r y ,

 WILLIA M NE VILL E . 1 29

a nd p i d eleva t io n o f m
ra en l ik e W o l s ey a nd C ro m we l l from
co m p a ra t i vely l o w s t a t io ns in l i fe t o t he po s s es s io n o f i m mens e
,

w ea l t h a nd a l m o s t r eg a l po w er l ed p eop l e t o s u sp ec t t he i nt er
m
,

vent io n o f su p er na t u r a l a en c y a nd s e t p e op l e d i t h e ir
g a n
e o r t s in s ea rc h o f t r ea s u r e a nd t he a t t a i nm
,
'

ent o f po w er In
t her ei g n o f b l u ff Ki ng H a l t o j u d g eb y doc u m
.

en t s st i ll p r es er ved
t hi s i s l a n d m
, ,

u s t ha ve b ee n f u ll o f co nj u r o r s O ne or t w o c u r i
ou s ex a m p l es a r e fu r ni shed b y doc u m ent s a m o ng t he C ro m
.

w ell
p a p er s i n t he r ecord o i ce o f t he R o ll s H o u s e
- -

Am o ng t hese a m
.

bi t io u s hu nt er s a ft er fort u ne w a s o ne o f t he
Nevi ll e fa m i ly w ho is m
, er ely d es crib ed a s W i ll i a mNevi ll e ,

g ent

b u t w h o h a d a ho u s e a t W e k e
n e a r O x ford a n d w h o

l d so m
, , ,

a pp ea rs t o ha ve he e p l a c e in t heha u ght y c a rd ina l s ho u s e

ho l d A t t he p eriod o f W o l s ey s g r ea t nes s a m a i c ia n w ho is

.
g , .

d es crib ed a s o ne W o o d g ent w a s d r a g g ed b efor e t h e pri vy

m m m
, ,

c o u nci l c ha r e d w i t h s o e i sd e e a nor w hic h w a s co n n e c t e d

, g
w i t h t he i nt ri g u es o f t he d a y I n a p a p er a d d r es s ed t o t he l ord s
s t ha t W i ll i a m Nevi ll e h a d s ent fo r
.

o f t h e co u nci l W ood s t a t e

hi mt o h is o w n ho u s e a t O xford it b ei n g t he rst co m m
,

, u ni e s

t io n h e ev er ha d w i t h t ha t g e nt

A ft e r h e h a d b ee n a t W e k e
a s h ort t i m e Nevi ll e t ook himb y t he a r ma n d l ed himp r i v a t ely
.

i nt o t he g a rd en a n d t o u se t he q u a i nt l a n g u a g e o f t he o r i g i na l
t her d em a w nd d o f m m a ny q u es t o n s a n d a m
, , ,

e own a l l o t he r
'

y y g
t ] w er eno t po s s ib l e t o ha ve a r y u g em
,

a sk d if i a d e t ha t s ho w l d
y [
b r yn g e m a n i n fa vor w i t h hys p r yn c e s a y i ng m y l ord c a r di n a l e

ha d s u c he a ry u g e t ha t w ha t s o m
,

ev er e h e a sk yd o f t h e k yn g es
g r a c e t ha t he ha d d yt a nd M a s t e r C ro m w ell w h en h e a n d I

w er e s er va u nt ys in m
, ,

l ord a r d na l e s ho u s s e d yd h a w u t t o t h e
y c y
co m
,

p a ny o f o ne t ha t w a s s ey ne i n y o u r fa c u l t a nd sho r t ly a ft er
-

no m t t w it h m o rd c a r d na l e a s M a s t er Cr o m
,

a n so g r e y l y w e ll
w as

Nev i ll e a dd ed t ha t he ha d spok en w i t h a l l t ho s ew ho
h a ve a n y n a m e in t hi s r ea l m w ho ha d a ss u r ed himt ha t in t he
.
,

sa m e w a y he m i g ht b eco m
,

e g r ea t w i t h h is pri nc e a n d he

en d ed b y a ski ng o f t he r ep u t ed m
,

a ici a n w ha t book s he h a d
g
s t u di ed o n t he su bj ec t T he l a t t er co nt i nu es a n d I a t t he

ha r t d esyr e o f b y m s ho w yd b ymt ha t I ha d r ed e m
.
, ,

a ny b o k es

a nd s p ec ya l ly t he b ok e o f S a l a m
, ,

o n a nd ho w hi s r yn g es b e
ma d e a nd o f w ha t m
,

et t ell a nd w ha t v er t u es t hey ha d a ft er t he
m
,

c na o n o f S a l a o n

H e a dd e d t h a t h e h a d a l s o s t u di e d t h e
mg m m m
.
,

a ic a l w ork o f H e r e s W i ll i a N e v i l l e t h e n r e q u e s t e d h i
m
.

d
to u n eta e r k t h e ki n o f a r i n g w h ic h h e s a y s t h a t h e d e
a g
m
,

c l ine d nd s o w e n t a w a y f o r t h a t t i e B u t N e v i ll e s ent fo r

m himo n
a

hima g m
.
,

a i n a n,d e n t e r ed i n t o f u r t h e r co u n ic a t io n w i t h
 1 30 S O RC E RY AND M A GIC .

t he ol d sub j ec t , t el l i n g hi m t ha t he ha d w i t h hi m a not he r e on

m
j u r er , na ed W a d e, w ho co u l d sho w hi mm ore t ha n he sho u ld ;
a nd , a m o ng o t her t hi n g s , ha d sho w ed hi t ha t he s ho u l d b e a m
g r e a t l ord

T h i s w as an e ff e c t i m
v e a tt e pt t o m o ve W o od s

m
.

j ea l o u sy ; a nd it a pp ea rs t ha t Nevi ll e no w preva i l ed u po n hi
to m ake

m
m
o l d es , p r ob a bly i a g es , t o t he ent ent t ha t he

sho w ld a h a d M es t r es El ez e b et h G a r e, o n w ho

m he s ee s t o m
ha ve s et his l o ve P erha p s she w a s a ri c h heir es s W ood
m
. .

t hen ent er s i nt o exc u s es fo r hi s el f , d ec l a r i ng t ha t , a l t h o u g h a t

t he d es ire o f so m
e o f his fri end s , h e ha d c a ll ed t o a s t o ne fo r
t hi n g s st o l en , he h a d no t u nd ert a k en t o nd t r ea su r es ; a n d he
m
co n c l u d es w i t h t he na i ve bo a s t , b u t t o a k e t he p hylos o fer s

s t o n e, I w ll ch eb a r d
y [ t h a t is , j e op a rd m] y y l f f e t o d o b
y yt f
mm m
,

b yt pl es s et hek yng es g ood g r a c e t o co a nd ed o b yt . T hi s
w a s t he prid e o f s ci en c e a b o v e t he l o w pr a c t i t io ners H e even
m m
.

o ff er ed t o re a i n in pri s o n u n t i l he ha d p erfor ed his b ea st , a nd

m
o nly a s k ed t w el v e o nt hs u po n s i l v er , a nd t w el ve a nd a ha l f
u po n g o l d

m
T hi s r e i n d s u s o f t he st ory o f P i err e d Est a ing

m
.

a n d t he l ord o f B a u r e o nt
'

T hes ea rc h o f t r ea s u res , w hic h t he co nj u ror W ood s o ea rn es t

m m
l y di s c l a i s , w a s , ho w ev er , o n e o f t he o st u su a l o cc u p a t i ons
of ou r m a ici a n s o f t hi s p e
g riod T h e f r e q u e n t di s co v e ri es o f
m m
.

R o a n or S a xo n , or edi eva l d epo si t es , in t he co u r s e o f a cci

e n t
d a l di g g i ng t hen p r ob a b l y o r e co m mm o n t ha n a t pres ent
w a s eno u g h t o w het t he a pp et i t e o f t he n e ed y o r t he i s erly ; m
a n d t he b e l i ef t ha t t he s epu l c hra l b a r ro w , or t he l o ng d es ert ed -

r u i n , or ev en t he w i l d a n d ha u nt ed gl en, co nc ea l ed t rea s u res o f

g o l d a nd s i l ve r o f g r e a t a m o u n t , h a s b e e n ca r i '
i e d do w n t o o u r
o w n d a y s i n a v a ri et y o f l oc a l l e e n d H idd e n t r e r e w e r e
g s a su s
m
.

u nd er t he p a r t ic u l a r c ha r e o f s o e o f t h e piri t w h ob e y ed
g s s o
t he m a ici a n s c a ll , a n d w e s t i ll t r a c e his op e
g

r a t ions in a ny a m
b a rr o w t h a t ha s b een di st u rb ed , a nd ru i ned oor w hic h ha s b een
b r ok en u p T ha t t hes e s ea r c hes w er e n o t a l w a y s s u cc essfu l
m
.

w i ll b e ev id ent fr o t he fo ll o w i n n a r r a t i ve
g
m m
.

I n t h er ei g n o f H enr y V III , a p r i es t na ed Wi ll i a S t a p l et on
m
.

w a s p l a c ed u nd er a rres t a s a co nj u r or , a n d a s ha v i n b een i x e d
g
u
p i n so m e co u r t i n t ri g u e s , a n d a t t h e r e q u e s t o f C a rdi na l W o l s e y
he w r o t e a n a cco u n t o f h is a d v ent u r es , s t i ll pr es er ved i n t he
R o ll s H o u s e r ecord s (fo r it is c ert a i nly a ddres sed t o W o l s ey,

a n d n o t , a s ha s b e en s u pp o s ed , t o C r o w ell ) m S t a pl et o n s a ys
m m
.

t ha t he ha d b een a o n k o f t he i t r ed a bb ey o f S t B enet in t he
m
.

H el , in No r fol k , w h er e he w a s r es id ent in t he ni net eent h o f

H enry V I II , t ha t is , in 1 5 27 o r 1 5 2 8 , a t w hic h t i ehe b o r r o w ed
.
m
 WIL LIA M S TA P LET O N .
1 31

of o ne D enn ys o f H o ft on w ho h a d proc u red t hemo f t he v ic a r

, ,

o f Wa t t on a book c a ll ed Thes a u r u s Sp ar it u u m a nd a ft er t ha t
t a S ecr et a r a m a l i t t l e ri n
, ,

a no t h er c a ll ed S e cr e a p l a t e a circ l e
, g , , , ,

a n d a l s o a s w o rd f o r t he a r t o f di g g i ng in s t u dy i ng t he u s e o f
w h ic h he s p ent s ix m
,

o nt hs No w it a pp ea r s t ha t S t a p l et o n ha d
sm
.

a ll t a s t e fo r ea r ly ri s i ng a nd a f t e r ha vi ng b een fr eq u ent ly
p u ni s hed fo r b ei ng a b s ent fr o mm
,

a t i n s a nd ne l i e n t f h i d u t
g g o s
y
in c hu rc h he ob t a i ned a l ic en s e o f s ix m o nt hs fr o mt he a bbo t t o
o i nt o t he w orl d a n d t r y a nd r a i s e m
,

g o ney t o b u
y a di s p e n s a t io n
f ro ma n ord er w h ic h s eem
,

ed s o l it t l ea g r eea bl e t o his t a s t e T he .

r s t p ers o n b e co nsu l t ed w i t h w a s his fr i end D en ny s w ho

r ec o m men d ed himt o t r y his s ki ll in ndi ng t r ea s u re a nd i nt ro
,

d u c ed h i mt o t w o k no w i ng m
,

en w ho ha d p l a c a r d s or

l ic ens es fro mt h e ki n g t o s ea rc h f o r t r ea s u r e t r o ve w hic h w er e

, ,

n t ly bo u g ht f r o mt h e c r o w n a t t hi s p er iod
,

n o t u nf r eq u e T hes e
men l ent himo t her book s a nd i nst r u ment s b elo ng i ng t o t he a r t
.

o f di g g i n g a nd t h ey w ent t o e t h e r t o a p l a c e na m e d S id e t r d
g s a n
in Nor fo l k t o s ea rc h a nd m
,

a rk o u t t he g ro u n d w her e t he
, y
t h o u g ht t r ea s u r e s ho u l d lie I t ha pp ened ho w ever t ha t t he
l a d y T yr r y t o w ho mt he est a t e b el o ng ed r ec ei v ed i nt ell i g enc e
.
, ,

o f t h eir m o v em ent s a nd a ft er s endi n g fo r t hema nd su bj ec t ing

, ,

t h emt o a c l o s e ex a m i na t i o n ord er ed t hemt o l ea ve her g r o u nd s

, ,

, .

A ft er t hi s r eb u t he t r ea su re s eek ers w ent t o No r w ic h w her e

'

t h ey b ec a m ea cq u a i n t ed w i t h a n o t her co nj u r er na m
, ,

ed G o dfr ey w ho ,

h a d a sho w er o r s pi r i t w hic h s pi r i t S t a p l et o n s a y s I ha d
aft er m ys el f a nd t hey w ent t o g et her t o F el m i n gha ma n d t her e
, , ,

,

G od f r ey s bo y did s cry u nt o t he s pi r i t b u t a ft er O p eni n g t he

a r e Rom
,

g r o u n d t he y fo u nd n o t h i ng t he r e T he r e a n b a r ro w s a t

F el m ing ha m w hic h w hen ex a m

.

i ned r ec ent ly a pp ea r ed t o ha ve
b een op en ed a t a fo r m
, , ,

er p er i o d in s ea r c h o f t r ea s u r e T he d is
t u r ned t o Nor w ic h a n d t her e m
.

a ppoi n t ed co nj u r er s r e et w i t h a
s t r a ng er w ho bro u g ht t h em
,

t o a ho u s e in w hic h it w a s su ppo s ed
t ha t t r ea su r e l a y co n c ea l ed a nd S t a p l et o n a g a i n a pp l i ed h i m
,

se lf
t o h i s i n c a nt a t io ns a nd c a ll ed t h e spiri t o f t he t r ea su r e t o a pp ea r
b u t h e t u rned a d ea f ea r t o t heir c h a r m
, ,

s fo r I s u p p o s e o f a ,

t ru t h ,
i s t he pi t hy ob s er v a t io n o f t he op er a t or t ha t t her e w a s ,

no n e)

Di s a ppoi nt ed a nd di s gu st ed S t a p l et o n no w g a v e u p t he p u r
su i t a nd ob t a i n ed m o n ey fr o ma f r i end w i t h w hic h he bo u ght a
,

d is p ens a t io n t o q u i t hi s m
,

o na s t ic o r d er a nd r et u rned t o Norfo l k
w i t h t he i nt ent io n o f est a bl i s h i n g hi m l f a s a her m
,

se it
P erha p s W i ll i a mS t a pl et o n s obj ec t in t u r n ing her m
.

it w a s t o
foll o w his for m er pu r su it s w i t h m ore secr ecy l a Net i o\k \ s .
1 32 S O R C E R Y A ND M A G IC .

s oo n m m
et w i t h so e o f his o l d rea s u re s eek i ng a cqu a i nt a nc es,
t -

w ho u r g ed hi m t o g o t o w ork a ga i n , w hic h he refu s ed t o d o u h

l es s his book s w er e b et t er T hey t o l d hi o f a a n o f t he n a e m m m
m
.

o f L ee c h, w ho ha d a book , t o w hic h t he p a rs o n o f Les ingha

ha d bo u nd a s pi r it c a ll ed A nd r ea M a l c hu s m
a n d t o t hi s a n he

w ent m
L eec h l et hi ha ve a ll h is i nst r u ent s , a n d t ol d hi m m
m
.

f u r t her t ha t t he p a r s o n o f Les ingha a nd S ir Jo h n o f L ei s t o n

a no t he r cc l s i a s t ic i h o h r s , ha d c a ll ed u o f l a t e b y t he
( e e ) w t t e p
m ea n s o f t he book in q u es t io n t hr ees p ir it s , A nd r ew M a l c hu s (b e
m
.

fo r e ent i o ned ), O b er io n , a nd I nchu b u s . When t hes es pi ri t s ,

h e s a id , w er e a l l r a i s ed , O b er io n w o u l d in no w i se s p ea k A nd
m m
.

t hen t he p a r s o n o f Le s i ng h a did d e a n d o f A nd r ew M a l c hu s,
a nd s o did S ir Jo hn o f L e i s t o n a l s o , w hy O b er io n w o u l d no t
sp e a k t o t he m . A nd A nd r ew M a l c hu s m a d e a n s w er , F or b e
c a u s e he w a s bo u nd u nt o t he l o rd c a rdi na l -

A nd t ha t a l s o t hey
m
.

d id ent r ea t t he s a id p a r so n o f Les ingha , a nd t he sa id S ir J o hn

o f L ei s t o n , t ha t t he m m
y i ght d ep a rt a s a t t ha t t i e; a n d w hen s o
m m
ever i t w o u l d p l ea s e t he t o c a ll t he u p a g a i n , t h ey w o u l d g l a d
m
1y do t he a ny s er v ic e t hey co u l d

m m
.

W hen S t a p l et o n ha d a d e t hi s i port a nt a cqu i s i t i on, he r e

p a ir ed a g a i n t o Nor w ic h, w her e he ha d no t l o ng b een , w hen he
w a s fo u nd b y a m ess eng er fr o m a pe m
r s o na g e w ho he c a ll s t he

l o r d L eo na rd M a r q u ees , w ho l i v ed a t C a lk et t H a ll , a nd w ho
w a nt ed a p er s o n exp er t in t h e a r t o f di
gg gi n H em e t L or d
m m m
.

L eo na rd a t VVa l s ing ha , w ho pro i s ed hi t ha t if he w o u l d

t a k e p a i ns in ex er ci s i n t he s a id a r t , he w o u l d s u e o u t a d is en
g p
s a t io n f o r h i m t o b e a s ec u l a r p r i es t , a n d s o m m
a k e hi his c h a p
l a i n T hel o r d L eo n a rd proc eed ed r a t her shr ew dl y t o a k e t r ia l
. m
o f t he s ea rc her s t a l en t s f h dir c d e f h i r

; o r e e t e o n o s s e v a nt s t o
h id e a s u m m of o ne y in t he g a rd en , a nd S t a p l et o n shew ed fo r

i t , a n d o ne J a ck s o n
s cr ed ,

b u t he w a s u na b l e t o nd t h e
y
m o ney Y et , w i t hou t b ei ng d a u nt ed a t t hi s sl ip , S t a pl et o n w ent
.

d i r ec t ly w i t h t w o o t her p r i es t s , S ir J ohn S hep e a nd S ir R ob er t

P o rt er , t o a p l a c e b esid e O r ek e A bb ey , w her e t r ea su r e w a s su p
po s ed t o b e, a nd S ir John S h ep s c a ll ed t he spiri t o f t het rees
u r e, a nd I sho w e m m
d t o hi , b u t a ll ca e t o no p u r p os e

m
.

S t a p l et o n no w w ent t o hid ehis di sa ppoi nt ent in L ondon , a n d

m m
r e a i n ed t her e s o ew eek s , t i ll t h e l o r d L eo na rd , w ho ha d su ed
o u t h is di s p e nsa t io n a s hepro m m
i s ed , s ent fo r hi t o p a ss t hew int er
m
W i t h hi in L eic es t er shir e, a n d t o w a rd spri ng heret u rn ed t o No r
fo l k.
m
A n d t h er ehe w a s i nfor ed t ha t t here w a s m m u ch oney

h l d d en in t hen ei g hborhood o f C a lk et t H a ll , a nd esp eci a lly in t he

m
B ell H i ll (p rob a bly a n a nci ent t u u l u s or b a rro w ), a nd a ft er
 WI LLIA M ST A PL E T O N . 1 33

s om e d el a y he ob t a i ned his i ns t ru m
, ent s a nd w ent t o w ork w i t h ,

t he p a ri s h p r i es t o f G o r l es t o n b u t o f t r u t h w e co u l d bri ng no t h
,

ing t o eff ec t O n t hi s he a g a i n r ep a ired t o L o n do n c a rr y i ng
his i n s t r u m ent s w i t h hi m a n d o n his a rr i v a l he w a s t hr o w n i nt o
.
,

p r is o n a t t he s u i t o f t h e l o r d L eo na r d w ho a cc u s ed himo f l ea v
,

ing his ser v ic e w i t ho u t p er m i s s io n a n d a ll his in s t r u ment s w er e

,

se i z ed T hes e he n ev er r eco v er ed b u t he w a s soo n l ib er a t ed

fro mp r i s o n a nd ob t a i n ed t em p o r a r y em m
.
.

p l o y en t in t he c hu rc h

B u t his co nj u r in g p r op ens i t i es s eemst i ll t o ha v el i ng er ed a bo u t

, .

hi ma n d w e nd t hi s ex m o n k a n d he rm -
i t a n d n o w s ecu l a r p r i es t
s oo n a ft er w a r d en g a ed i n a n i n t ri u e w hic h l ed hi mev en t u a lly
, , ,

g g
i nt o a m u ch m o r e s er io u s d a n er
g I t a pp ea r s b y S t a l et o n s
p

s t a t em
a
.

ent s t ha t o ne Wri ght a s er va nt o f t h e d u k e o f No r fo l k

c a met o h ima nd a t a c er t a yn s ea s o n s hew ed m
, , ,

e t ha t t he d u k es

a c e h is m
,

g r a s t er w a s s o o r ev e x e d w i t h a s
py yr t t b y t h ee n c h a n t
men t o f y o u r g r a c e he i s a dd r es s ing W o l s ey S t a p l et o n s a y s
, ,

.

t ha t h e r efu s ed t o i nt er fer e b u t t ha t W r i g ht w ent t o t he d u k e a n d

t o l d h imt ha t h e S t a pl et o n k new o f his b ei n g en c ha nt ed by C a r
,

di n a l W o l s ey a nd t ha t he c o u l d hel p him; u po n w hic h t hed u k e

, ,

t o n a nd ha d a n i n t er v i ew w i t h hi m I t h a d p r e
,

s ent fo r S t a p l e , .

v io u s l
y b e en a rra n g e d b y W r i g h t a n d S t a p l et o n
( w h o s a y s t ha t

h e h a d b een u r g ed i n t o t he p l o t by t he p er s u a s i o n o f W r i g ht a n d ,

b y t he hop e o f g a i n a n d p r o sp ec t o f ob t a i ni ng t he d u k es fa vor )
,

t h a t h e s ho u l d s a y he k n ew t h a t t he d u k e w a s p er s ec u t ed by a
fo r g ed a n i m a e o f w a x i n his s i m

s p ir i t a n d t ha t h e h a d i l i
g
t u d e w hic h he ha d enc h a n t ed i n o r d er t o r el i ev e h i m T h e
,

d u k e o f Nor fo l k a pp ea r s a t rs t t o ha v e pl a c ed i m
, , .

pl i c i t b el i ef in
a ll t ha t S t a p l et o n t o l d h i m ; h e i n q u i r e d o f h i m if h e h a d c er t a i n
k n o w l edg e t ha t t he l o r d c a rd i na l ha d a s pi r i t a t h is co mm
-
a nd t o

H e t hen q u es t i o n ed hi ma s t o
,

w h ic h he r ep l i ed in t hen eg a t i v e .

h is h a vi ng hea r d a ny o ne a s s er t t ha t t h e c a r di n a l ha d a s pi r i t ;
o n w h ic h S t a p l et o n t o l d hi mo f t he r a i s i ng o f O b e r io n b y t h e

a r s o n o f Le s in ha m a n d S i r J o h n o f L ei st o n a n d h o w O b e r io n
p g ,

r ef u s ed t o s p ea k b ec a u s e he w a s t h e l o r d c a rdi na l s s pi r i t The

-

d u k e ho w ever s oo n a ft er t hi s b ec a m
.
,

e ei t her s u spici o u s o r f ea r
f u l a nd he event u a lly s ent S t a pl et o n t o t hec a rd i na l h i m
, , ,

se l f w ho
a pp ea r s t o h a v e co m mi t t ed himt o p r i so n a nd a t w ho seo r d er he
, ,

drew u p t he a cco u nt her e a b r i d g ed

T h e for eg oi ng is t he hi s t ory o f a m
.

a n w ho a ft er h a v i n g b ee n
a v ic t i mt o h is i m p l ici t b el i ef in t he ef ci enc y o f m
,

a ic a l o p e r
g a

t io ns w a s hi m se l f dri ven a t l a s t t o ha v e r eco u r s e t o int ent i o na l

T he nu m
,

d ec ep t io n b er o f s u c h t r ea s u r e hu nt ers a pp ea r s t o -

ha ve b een far gr ea t er a m o ng his co nt em por a r ies o f a l m

.

o st a ll ,

12
1 34 S O RC E R Y A ND M AGI C .

l
c a sses of s oc iet y t h a n w e shou l d a t r st gl a nc e b e l ed t o su p
,

p o s e A few y ea r s b efo r e t he d a t e o f t hes e event s in t he 1 2t h

.
,

H enry V III o r A D 1 52 1 t he ki ng ha d g ra nt ed t o R obert

L o r d C u r z o n t he m
.
,
. .
, ,

o no po l y o f t r ea s u r e s eeki n in t he n t i e
g c o u s -

o f No r fo l k a n d S u ff o l k a nd L ord C u r z o n i m medi a t ely d el ega t ed

,

to a m a n na m ed W i ll i a mS m
,

i t h o f C l op t o n a nd a s er va nt or
t a i ner o f h is o w n n a m ed A m
, , ,

r e l o n n o t o nly t he ri ht o f s ea rch
yy g
t hu s g i ven t o hi m b u t t he po w er t o a r r es t a nd p r oc eed a g a in st
, ,

a ny o t h e r p erso n t hey fo u nd s eek i ng t rea s u r es w i t hi n t he t w o

cou nt i es I t a pp ea r s t ha t S m
. i t h a nd A m yyl o n ha d i n s o m e c a s e s

u s ed t hi s d e l eg a t ed a u t hori t y fo r pu r po s es o f ext o r t io n ; a n d in
t he su m mer o f t he s a me y ea r S mi t h w a s br o u ght u p b efo r e t he
co u rt o f t he ci t y o f No r w ic h a t t he s u i t o f W i ll i a mG oo d r ed o f
,

G r ea t M el t o n t he m i nu t es o f t he p r oc eedi n g s a g a i nst hi ms t ill

, ,

r em
,

a ini n
g o n t h e r eco r d s W e h er e a a i n n d pri e
g . s t s co nc e r n e d
in t hes e s i ng u l a r o p er a t io ns .

I t a p p ea r s t ha t t he t r ea su r e di g g er s w ho ha d r ec ei v ed t heir -
,

pl a c a rd o f L o r d C u r z o n in M a r c h w ent t o Nor w ic h a b o u t

E a st er a nd p a id a v i si t t o a s c ho o l m r na m
,

,
a st e ed G eorg e Do w ,

s i ng d w e ll i ng i n t h e p a r i sh o f S t F a i t h w ho t hey ha d hea rd
n in a s t r o nym T hey sho w ed hi mt heir l ic ens e fo r
, .
, , ,

w as s ee ye
t r ea su r e s eek i ng w hi c h a u t ho r i z ed t hemt o pr ess i nt o t heir s er
.

s o ns t hey m
,

v ic e a n p e r i h t n d w h o ha d s ki ll in t he s c i e n c e
y g ;
s o t h a t i t w o u l d a pp ea r t ha t t he y w er e no t c a p a b l eo f ra i s i ng s pir
it s t hem se l ves w i t ho u t t he a s s i st a nc e o f s c hol a rs

T he
s c hoo l m
.
,

a st e r en t ered w i ll i ng ly i nt o t heir proj ec t s a nd t hey w ent

a bo u t t w o or t hr ee o c l o ck in t he m
, ,

o r ni n i h o ne or t w o o t he

g w t r
p er s o ns w ho w er e a d m
,

i t t ed i nt o t heir co n d enc e a nd d u g in ,

g r o u nd b e s i d e B u t t e r H i ll e s w i t h i n t he w a ll s o f t h e c i t y b u t
, ,

f o u n d n o t hin
g t h er e T h e se h i ll es a l s o w ere pro b a b ly t u

mu l i T hey nex t p roc eeded t o a p l a c e c a ll ed S eynt W i ll i a m

.
, ,

i n t he W o od b y No r w i c h w her e t hey exc a va t ed t w o d a y s (o r

, ,

r a t her t w o n i ght s ) b u t w i t h no b et t er s u cc es s
T hey no w hel d a m
.
,

eet i n g a t t h e ho u s e o f o ne S a u nd ers in
t he m
,

a rk e t o f Nor w ic h a n d c a ll ed t o t h eir a s s i s t a nc e t w o ec c l e
s ia s t ic s o n e n a m ed S ir W i ll i a m t he o t her S i r R ob er t C rom
,

er
t h e fo r m
, , , ,

er b ei ng t he p a ri s h pri est o f S t G r eg ory s A t t his

meet i ng G eorg e Do w s i ng r a i s ed a s pi r i t o r t w o in a gl a s s
. .

b u t o ne o f t he pri es t s S ir R ob ert C r o m
, ,

er
, b eg a n a n d r a i s ed a ,

s piri t r st T hi s s pi r i t a cco rdi n g t o t he d epo s i t io ns w a s s een
Am
.
, ,

b y t w o or t hr ee p er s o n s yy l on d e po s e d t h a t h e w a s at
S a u nd er s s w her e S i r R ob er t Cr o m
.

,
er hel d u p a s t o ne b u t he ,

co u l d not p erc ei ve a ny t hi ng in it ; b u t t ha t G eorg e Do w sing

 PE RSE CUTI O N O F F A R ME R
'

G OODRED . 1 35

ca u s ed to ri s e in
l a ss a l i t t l e t hi ng o f t he l e
a n t h o f a n i nc h o r
g g
t her ea b o u t b u t w h et her it w a s a s piri t o r a sha do w he ca n no t
,

t ell b u t t h e s a id G eo r g e s a id it w a s a spi r i t H o w ever s pi r i t
emt o ha ve ha d a s l i t t l e s u cc ess a s ev er in
,
.
,

or n o s piri t t h ey s e ,

dis c o veri n g t he t r ea su r e
U na b l e a ft er so m mpt s t o n d a t r ea su r e t hemsel ves
.

a ny a t t e

t hey s eemno w t o ha v er es o l ved on l a y i ng a g en er a l co n t ri b u t io n

, , ,

on e v ery bod y w ho fo ll o w ed t he s a m e eq u i voc a l c a ll i n g T hey

w ent r s t a n d a cc u s ed a p er s o n o f t he n a m eo f W ik m
.

a n of M or ,

l ey S w a nt o n in t he c o u nt y o f Nor fo l k o f
di g g i ng o f h i ll es
b y t hrea t eni ng t o t a k e h imb efo r e L o r d C u r z o n t h ey o b
, , ,

a nd

t a in ed f ro mhi mt en shi ll i ng s U nd er t he s a m
, ,

e p r et ex t t hey
t o o k fro ma l i m e b u rner o f Nor w ic h n a m
.
,

-
ed W hi t e a c ry s t a l
l vep en c e in m
, ,

st o ne a nd t w e
,
o ney in o r d er t ha t he sh o u l d not ,

b e p u t t o f u r t her t r o u b l e T hey t ook b o t h bo o k s (prob a bly co n
j u ri ng book s ) a nd m y fr o mJohn W elly s o f H u nw o r t h nea r
.

o ne

H o l t M a rk et w ho m s i m
, ,

i l a rly t hey a cc u s ed o f di g g i ng o f
A nd o f a n o t her p er s o n l a bori n g u nd er t he s a m
, , , ,

h i ll es e c ha r g e
rt a in m
.
, ,

t hey t ook a c r y s t a l s t o n e a nd c e -
o ne y
T he c a s e o f W i ll i a mG o o d r ed hu sb a nd m
.

an o f Gr e at Me l
t o n in Nor fo l k a ff ord s a r em a r k a b l e i ns t a n c e o f t h e m
, ,

, , a nn er in

w h i c h t hes e w or t h i es w en t t o w o r k O n S t G eor g es Ev e

m m o n a nd a n a cco m
. .

( A p ri l 22 d S i t h A yyl p l ic e o f t he

na m e o f J u dy c a m
, , ,

e t o G oo d r ed a s he w a s a t t he p l o u gh in
M el t o n el d a nd c ha r g ed himw i t h b ei n g a
, ,


hi ll di gg er In -

t t l e t he di s p u t e t hey a dj o u r n ed fr o mt he el d t o a n
.
,

o rd er t o s e ,

a l e h ens-
in M el t o n w her e s ever a l p er s o ns w er e d ri nki ng a nd
t her e t h ey t ook G o o d r ed i nt o t he y a rd t o ex a m i ne hi m H e d e
, ,

n y i ng t he c ha r g e S m
.

i t h dr ew his d a g g er a nd t hr ea t en ed t ha t
s s he w o u l d co nfes s t o t hemt h a t h e w a s a hi ll di g g er he
, , ,

u nl e -
,

w o u l d t hru s t his d a gg er t hr o u g h hi s c h eek s G o o d r ed s t i ll

u po n S m th Am
.

p e r s i s t e d i n h i s d en i a l w h e r e i l
y y o n a nd J u dy

nd i n g t ha t h e w o u l d no t co nfes s t o t heir m i nd s a s k ed hi m
, , ,

w ha t m o ney h e w o u l d g i ve t hem t o ha ve n o fu rt her t r o u bl e

,

O n h is r efu s i ng t o gi v e t hema ny t hi ng t hey t hr ea t en ed t o c a rr y

.

hi mt o Nor w ic h C a s t l e T hen o i s ein t he y a r d ha d no w b r o u ght

,

o u t s ev er a l m
.

en o f s u b st a n c e w ho w er e d r i n ki n g in t he a l eho u s e
mp t ed t o b ri ng t he a cc u s er s t o r ea s o n b u t
, ,

a n d w ho n o t o nly a t t e

c u r i t y t o t he a m
,

o ff er ed t o g i v e s e o u n t o f a h u nd r ed p o u nd s fo r
, ,

G o o d r ed s a pp ea r a n c e t o a n s w er a ny c ha r g es b r o u g ht a g a i n s t

hi m B u t t hi s w a s no t w ha t S m
. i t h a nd h is co m p a ni o n s w a nt ed ,

a n d t he y r efu s ed a nd l ed a w a y G o o d r ed a s fa r a s L i t t l e M el t o n
a c co m p a ni ed by t ho s e w ho ha d joi ned t hema t t he a l ehou se a \ d
, ,

,
1 36 S O R C ERY A ND M A GIC .

r
t h e e t he y met a Mr
C a ll e w ho a l s o o ff er ed t o b e su r et y for
.
,

G o o d r ed b u t i n v a i n They t hu s p r oc eed ed t o c a rry t heir pri s

o ner t o No r w ic h b u t a t l a t a ft er m
, .

u c h w r a n gl i ng t he s y a g reed
t o t a k e s u r et y o f t he p er s o ns w ho ha d fo ll o w ed t hemf r o mG re
, , ,

at

M el t o n fo r G o o d r ed s a p pea r a n c e a t No r w i ch t he n ex t d a y Ac

o o d r ed w i t h his s u r et i es c a m
.

c o r d in l o n S t G eo r es d a G e

g y g y
t o t he ho u s e o f S a u nd er s a l r ea d y m ent io ned i n t hem
,
.
, , ,

a r ke t p l a ce -

a nd t h er e S m i t h a nd A m o n a s k ed h im a g a i n ho w m m
, ,

yyl u c h o n e y
he w o u l d g i ve t hemt o ha ve n o f u r t her t r o u bl e or ell es t hey
w o u l d s end h i mt o t he c a s t l e
,

O n h is a g a i n r efu s i ng t o g i ve
m a g ed hi mt hro u h t he m
.

an
y o ne y t h e y d r g g a r k e t p l a c e t o w a r d -

t he c a s t l e b u t a t C u t l er s R o w his c o u r a g e fa i l ed h i m a nd
,

for

fea r o f i m p r i s o n men t he eng a g ed t o g ive S m

, ,

i t h t w ent y shil
l i ng s in p a r t o f w hic h he p a id do w n t o himo n a s t a l l i n C u t
,

, ,

l er s Ro w s ix s hi ll i n g s a nd ei g ht p enc e a nd g a ve s u ret i es fo r t he

r ema i nd er w hi c h w a s d u ly p a id o n t he fo ll o w i ng S a t u rd a y a nd
, ,

Sm i t h a nd A m o n ha d t he i m ve h ima w rit t e
, ,

l
yy p u d en c e t o
g i n
a cqu i t t a nc e

S u c h w a s t h e opp r es s i ve m r in w hic h in for m

.

a nn e er d a ys
men c o u l d a ct u nd er co ver o f t he l i very or l ic ens e o f 8 l ord
, ,

T he m
. .

a t t er w a s b r o u ht b efo r e t he co u r t o f No r w ic h a s s t a t e d
g
a b o ve a nd A ml o n w ho a pp ea r s t o ha ve h a d a q u a rr e
,

yy l w i t h
h is a cco m p l ic e S m it h c a m e fo r w a r d a s a w i t ness a g a i nst him
, ,

.
,

B u t s t i ll t her e a pp ea r s t o ha v e b een no g r ea t exp ec t a t io n o f s e

c u r i ng j u s t ic e in t hi s co u r t ; a nd t he p er s o n s i nj u red ha d r e
c o u r s e t o a s u r er m a nn er o f ob t a i ni n
g v en e
g a nc e T h e y s w or e
t ha t a t G r ea t M el t o n o ne o f t h e p a r t y a s ki ng S m
.

i t h if he ha d
h ea r d t ha t t hed u k eo f Bu cki ngha mw a s c o m mi t t ed t o t heT o w er
, ,

Y ea a n d t her efor a v er y m
,

he ha d a ns w er ed i s c h i ef a n d v en
m a l a nd o f m l ord o f
, ,

g e a n c e u p o n t he he a d s o f y l o r d c a r di n
y

S u ff o l k fo r t hey a r e t he c a u s er s t her eo f ! A nd w hen his i nt er
B ew a r e w ha t ye s a y S m
,

r o g a t o r o b s er v e d it h se t t i n g his
By t he m
, , ,

ha nd s u nd er his s id es a n s w er ed a g a i n a s s I w ou ld

s a y it a g a i n ev en i f I w er e b efo r e m l o r d c a r di na l a nd m l o rd
, , ,

, y y

o f S u ffo l k b efo r e t he i r fa c es ! \Ve a r e l eft t o g u ess a t t he r e
ya m
,

s u l t ; b u t in t he d a y s o f C a r di n a l W o l s e a n w ho u s e d fr ee
d o mo f sp eec h l ik e t hi s w o u ld w i t h d if c u l t y es c a p et heg a ll o w s
O t her i n s t a nc es mi ght b e q u o t ed o f t hei nfa t u a t io n o f m
.

en a t
t hi s p er iod in s eek i n g t r ea su r es b y m
, ea n s o f m a g ic a l op e ra t io n s ,

t he i n u enc e o f w hic h w a s l o n g a ft er fel t ev en in a n a g e w h en ,

Ed w d St ff d d ke f B k i ng h m h i g i
ar a or u ed t heenm
o uc i t y f C a r d i na l
a av n ncu r r o
ed himt t he i t im
, ,

W l ey t he p
o s d p el t e p r ou r ff ld
a d it w
u r su
j t t t h o e sc a o an as u s a s
b y hi me
, ,

t h t he w
a as t t i t ed f h i g h t ea ns a n d e e t ed a n T he r an x
o f sy ma t hy w it h t hed k e w as loo k e
s o a so cu
d p n as m
.

p u o n t ing t o t e ason u o a u r .
 THE DE VIL A ND H I S DA M . 1 37

t r u e sc i ence ha d md e w id e
a ol id pro gr es s in t he l a nd I n
a nd s .

1 5 7 4 t he c el ebra t ed Dr Deep et i t i o n ed L o r d B u r g hl ey t o ob t a i n
fo r himf ro mQ u een E l i z a b et h :1 l ic ens eo f m
.
,

o nopo ly o f t r ea su r e
d i g g i ng in E n g l a n d T hi s s u p er s t i t ion a pp ea r s t o ha v e l i ng er ed
Am
.

l o n g es t in W a l es a nd o n t he bo r d er s o ng t he L a nd sdo w n e
ma n u s crip t s t here is a l et t er fro mJohn Wo g a n sheri ff o f Pem
b r o k es hir e t o L ord B u r ghl ey i nfo r m i ng himt ha t it w a s r epo rt ed
,

, ,

t ha t c ert a i n p er s o ns h a d fo u nd a t a n o l d p a ir o f w a ll es a t S pi t
t ell i n t he s a id co u nt y a g r ea t qu a nt i t y o f t r ea s u r e g o l d a n d s il
, , ,

ve r,
co nt a i ned in a c er t a i n w o r k o f b r a ss (t ha t is a b r a ss p o t ) , ,

a s i s s u ppo s e d a nd t ha t t hey ha d k no w l ed g e t her eo f b y t he a d

v er t is em ent o f o ne L ew i s a pri est d w ell i ng in C a r m
,

,
a r t hens h i r c .

T he w ort hy sheri ff w ho a pp ea r s t o h a v e co ns id er ed t hi s a n
a ff a ir o f m om en t o u s i m po r t a n c e a dd s t ha t b es id es ex a m
,

i ni ng
en co nc erned i n t hi s m
, ,

v a rio u s p er s o ns s a id t o ha v e b e at t er he ,

w i t h o t her s ha d r ep a i r ed t o t he p l a c e a nd fo u nd t he w a ll s ,

b r o k en w i t h eng ines a n d a p l a c e w i t hi n t he c ent r e o f t he w a ll

,

co n t a i ni ng o n e foo t sq u a r e t fo r s u c h a w o r k a nd t he r est o f
t he w ork ha d m a d e b l a ck t he ci r c u m
,

fer enc e o f t he p l a c e a n d
O xp r es s es h is O pi ni o n t ha t t h e t r u t h o f t hi s m att er w i ll n ev er
b e b o l t ed o u t w i t ho u t t ha t t he p r i es t b e ex a m i ned a nd t he p a r
t i es a l s o m ena c ed w i t h s o m e t o r t u r e or ex t r em
, ,

ity L o ng a ft er
t hi s a m a n na m ed W i ll i a m H obb y w ho a pp ea r s a t t he t i m
.

eto
ha v e b een in c o n nem
, ,

en t in t he T o w er w ri t es t o L o r d B u rghl ey , ,

o n t h e 2 8t h o f A p r i l 1 5 8 9 fo r a u t hori t y t o s eek t r ea s u r e i n
S k en fr i t h c a st l e in M o nm o u t hs hi r e w her e he g r a v ely i n fo r m
, ,

t h e o l d a nd exp er i en c ed m
, ,

i n i s t er t ha t t he vo yc e o f t h e co u n
t hr ey g o et h t her e is a d y vell a n d his d a m o ne s i t t s u p o n a ho g s ,

b ed o f g o l d t he ot her u po n a ho g shed o f s i l ver
, The w ri t er .

u n de rt a k es if p r op erly a u t ho r i z ed t o dri ve a w a y t hes e l o a t h

so m e g u a r d i a ns o f t he t r ea su r es o f o l d en t i m
, ,

es
T h e t r ea su r ehu nt i ng m ms no t t o ha ve b een co n ned
.

-
a n i a s ee

t o E n g l a nd a t t h e t i m e o f w h ic h w e h a v e b een sp ea ki ng a bo v e
b u t it s pr ea d o ver G er m
,

a ny F r a n c e I t a ly a nd S p a i n I n t he
l a t t er co u nt ry a s w el ea r n fr o mLl o r ent e a S p a ni sh nob l ena m
, , , .

, ,
ed
Do n D i eg o F ern a nd ez d e H er edi a w a s o n t he n i nt h O f M a y , , ,

1 5 9 1 d eno u nc ed t o t he i nqu i si t or s o f S a r a g o s s a o n t he c h a r g e
o f n ecro m
,

a nc y H e w a s s a id t o ha v e b een in l ea g u e w i t h a
M oori sh m m o mb e o h
.

a ici a n o f t he vi ll a e o f Lu c e
g g n i c f r o w h
t a in ed s o m e A r a bic book s o f m s e he c o m m
,

a ic a nd t he u n ic a t ed
g
t o a n o t her M oori s h m na m
,

a ici a n e d F r a n c i s co d e M a r q u i n a
g
w ho r ea d t h e book s a nd t o l d h i mt hey co nt a i ned ru l es a n d di
, ,

r ect io ns for d i s co ve ri ng conc ea l ed t r ea su r es Do n D iego t o o k .

*
12
I 3S S O R C E RY A ND M AGIC .

i
th s mgici
a an m
ho e t o his hou se, a nd in a v er y d a r k su mm e r
n i ght t he m
y proc eed ed , w i t h t he bo ok o f a g ic a nd o ne o r t w o
m m m
co p a n io ns , t o t he her i t a g eo f M a t a a l , n ot fa r fr o t he Eb r o, m
w her e M a r q u i n a s a id t ha t , a ccordi n g t o t he boo k , a g r ea t ho r de
o f g o l d a n d s i l v er m o ney w a s co nc ea l ed W hen t hey ha d a r r ived
m
.

t her e, a nd every t hi ng w a s r ea d y , t hen ecro a nc er M a r qu i n a p r o

n o u nc ed t he for m u l a o f co nj u r a t i on, a nd i mm edi a t ely , w e ar e
t o l d , l o u d t hu nd er w a s hea rd o n t he hi ll b es id e t he , a nd M ar m
i n d va n c e d t o w a rd it , a nd pr e t e n d e d t o h o l d co n ve r s e w it h
q u a a

t he d e o n m H e r et u r n ed t o i nfor m m
h is co p a nions t ha t t hey
m m
.

u s t dig u nd er t he a l t a r of t h e h e r i t a g e, a nd t hey b eg a n t hei r

O p era t io ns u nd er Do n Di eg o s dir ec t io ns , w hi l e he w ent t o co n

t inu e hi s d i s co u r s e w i t h t he ev i l o n e I t i s prob a b l e t h a t t he
m m m
.

her i t a g e w a s b u i l t o n a R o a n s i t e, fo r t hey fou n d s o e fr a g

m ent s o f po t t ery , a l t ho u gh t her e w a s no t r ea su r e O n t his , t he
m
.

d e o ns w ere co nj u r ed a new a nd t hey s a id t ha t t her e cer t a inly

m
,

w a s t r ea s u r e, b u t t ha t it w a s v er y d eep , a nd t he t i e dest ined

f o r it s di s co very w a s no t yet a rri v ed . T he n ex t n i ght t hey w ent
t o a no t her s o l i t a r y p l a c e, n ea r X el s a , a t o w n w hi c h o c cu p ies
m
t he s i t e o f t he R o a n C el s a I t is p r ob a b l e t ha t t hey ha d a ga in
m m
.

h it u po n a R o a n bu ri a l p l a c e, fo r , a ft er r ep ea t i ng t he s a econ
-

j u r a t io ns , t he y f o u n d ,
a s w e a r e t o l d ,
s o m e e a rt h en v a s e s a nd a
q u a nt i t y o f ci nd er s a nd a shes , b u t no t r ea su re, t he a b s enc e o f
w hic h w a s exp l a i ned in t hes a e w a y a s b efor e m .

A s t he s ea r c her s a pp ea r a l w a y s t o ha ve c ho s en sit es o f t hi s
d es c r i pt i o n , l ed p r ob a b ly b y pop u l a r t r a di t io n , it is no t s u r p r i
si n
g i f t h eir s e a r c h w a s a t t i m e s c r o w n e d w i t h su cc ess I g n or

m m
.

a n c e a nd s u p e r st i t io n co bi n ed l ed t he t o a t t r ibu t e t hi s t o t he
m
effi c a c y o f t heir c ha r s , i n w hic h t hey s ee ho n est ly t o ha v e m
p l a c ed c o n d enc e I nd eed , w hen w e r ea d t he o l d a nd a pp a r ent
m m
.

l y a u t hent ic d es c r ip t io ns o f t hep er fo r a n c es o f s o e o f t hep r e

t end ed m a ici a n s o f for
g m e r d a y s , w e a r e no t s u rpri sed t ha t t he .

s ci e n c e sho u l d a i n be l i ef T h e w i l d t r i e f B co
g . s o s o a a n or a
F a u st u s s c a rc ely exc eed t he r ea l i t i es w hic h a r e d es crib ed b y
o ld w ri t e m
rs , a nd w hi c h u st ha v e b een b r o u ght a bo u t b y s o e m
s o r t o f o p t ic a l d e l u si o n, a s si st ed o f cou rs e b y t he i a gina t i on m
m m mm
.

O ne o f t he o s t r e a r k a bl e i nst a n c es w i t h w hic h I r e e b er t o
m
h a v e et is t ha t t o l d i n t he A u t o bio g r a p hy o f t he c el ebr a t ed
Ben venu t o C ell i n i , a w r i t er w ho is g enera lly l o ok ed u po n as
w or t hy o f b el i ef I n h is y o u t h B envenu t o fell i n l o ve w i t h a
m m
.

co u r t es a n , fro w ho he w a s s u dd enly s ep a r a t ed b y t he d ep a r
t u r e o f t he l a d y fr o m m Ro e
m m
.

Two o nt hs a ft er , sa y s he, t he g i rl w ro t e e w o r d , t hat

"
 C E LLI NI AND TH E NE CRO MA NC E R . 1 39

she w a s S i ci ly ext r em
in el y u nh a p p y I w a s t hen i ndu l gi ng
m
.
,

yself i n p l ea su res o f a ll s or t s a nd ha d eng a g ed in a no t her

am l t he m em ory o f m an m
,

o u r t o c a nc e y S ici l i i st r es s I t h a
p
pened t hro u gh a va ri et y o f o dd a cc id ent s t ha t I m
.

a d e a cq u a i nt

s t w ho w a s a m
, ,

anc e w it h a S ici l i a n pri e a n of e n i n d w e ll

, g u s a ,

ve r se d in t he L a t i n a nd G reek a u t hor s H a pp eni ng o ne d a y t o

ha ve so m e co nv ers a t io n w i t h himu po n t he a r t o f necrom
.

a nc y I

w ho h a d a g r ea t d es ir e t o k n o w s o m et hi n g o f t he m
, ,

a t t er t ol d
himt h a t I ha d a l l m
,

y l i fe fe l t a c u rio s i t y t o b e a cq u a i nt e d w i t h
t he m y st eri es o f t hi s a r t T he p ri est m
,

a d e a ns w e r t h a t t he
ma n mu st b e of a r esol u t e a nd st ea d y t emp er w ho ent ers u pon
.
,

t ha t s t u d y I rep l i ed t ha t I h a d fort i t u d ea nd r eso l u t io n eno u gh

.
, ,

if I co u l d b u t nd a n opport u ni t y T he pri est s u bjoi ned . I f yo u ,

t hi nk yo u ha ve t he hea rt t o v ent u r e I w i ll g i ve yo u a l l t he s a t ,

is fa ct io n you c a n d es ire T hu s w e a gr eed t o u nd er t a k e t hi s

mt t e
.

a r

pr ep a r ed t o s a t i s fy m
.

The pri e st o n e eveni ng e a nd d esir ed

me t l ook o u t fo r a co m
,

o p a nio n o r t w o I i n v i t ed o ne V i n c enz o
Ro m o l i w ho w a s m m
.

i n t i a t e a cqu a i nt a n c e; he bro u ht w i t h
y g
hi ma n a t ive O f P i st oi a w ho c u l t i v a t ed t he b l a ck a r t hi m
,

se lf
W e r ep a ir ed t o t he C ol o s s eu ma nd t he p ri es t a ccordi ng t o t he
, .

cu s t o mo f n e cro m
, ,

a n c er s b e a n t o dr a w circ l e s u p o n t he r o n d
g g u

w i t h t he m o st i m pr es s i v e c erem o ni es i m
,

a i na b l e ; he l ik ew i s e
g
b r o u g ht t hi t her a ssa fm t id a s ev er a l pr ecio u s p er fu m es a n d r e
w i t h s om e co m po s i t ions w hich di ff u s ed noi s o m
, , ,

e odo r s As
ss he m
.

soo n a s he w a s i n r ea di ne ,
a d e a n op e ni ng in t h e ci r c l e ,

a nd h a ving t a k e n u s b y t he ha n d o n e b y o n e he p l a c ed u s w i t h
T hen ha vi n g a rra nged t h e o t her p a r t s a nd a ssu m
,

i n it ed his
w a nd he ord er ed t he o t her n ecro m
.

a nc er hi s p a rt ner t o t hro w
t he p erf u m es i nt o t he r e a t a prop er t i m
, , ,

e i nt ru st i n g t he c a r e
o f t h e r e a nd t he p erfu m
,

es t o t h e r es t a nd b eg a n h is i n c a nt a
T hi s c er em
,

t io ns o ny l a st ed a bo ve a n hou r a nd a ha l f w hen
t her e a pp ea red s ev er a l l eg io n s o f d evi l s i ns o m u c h t h a t t he a m
.
,

m
,

h i t h e a t r e w as q u i t e ll e d w i t h t h e I w a s b u s y a bo u t t he e
p p r

fu m
.

es w hen t he pri es t p erc ei v i ng t here w a s a co ns id era b l e

nu m b er o f inferna l s pi r i t s t u rned t o m
, ,

e a nd sa id B env enu t o
a s k t hems o m I a ns w er ed Let t hembring m
, , , ,

et hi ng e i nt o

t he c o m p a ny o f m an m
.
,

S ici l i i st r e A l ic T h a t n i ht

y ss n g e a , g .

w e o b t a i n ed n o a n s w er o f a ny s or t ; b u t I ha d r ec ei ved g r ea t
s a t i s fa c t io n in ha vi n
g m y c u rio s i t y s o fa r i nd u l e
g d T h e n ecro

ma ncer t o l d me it w a s requ i si t e w e shou l d g o a second t i me a s

.

su ri ng m
,

e t ha t I sho u l d b e s a t i s ed in w ha t ev er I a s k ed b u t
t ha t I m u st bri ng w i t h m e a p u r ea nd i m ma cu la t e b oy l t s sk
,
1 40 S O R C E R Y AND M AGIC .

i
w th me y ou t h w ho w a s in m
a y s e r v ic e o f a b o u t t w e l v e y ea r s
t her w i t h t he s a m e V i nc en z o Rem
, ,

o f a ge t og e o l i w ho ha d been
my co mp a nio n t he fi r st t i me a nd o ne A g no lino G a d d i a n i nt i
, ,

ma t e a cqu a i nt a n c e w ho mI l ik ew i s epreva i led o u t o a s s ist a t t he

, ,

c erem o ny W hen w e c a m
,

e t o t he p l a c e a p p oi nt ed t he rst
ha v i n g m p a r a t io ns a s b efor e w i t h t he s a m
.
, .

a d e his pr e e a n d even
more s t rik i ng c er emo ni es p l a c ed u s w i t hi n t he circ l e w hic h he
ha d dr a w n w i t h a m o r ew o n d er f u l a r t a n d in a m or eso l em n m
, ,

an

n er t h a n a t o u r fo r m er m eet i ng T hu s ha v i ng co m mi t t ed t he
c a r e o f t he p er fu m es a n d t he r e t o m
.

fr i end V i n c e n z o w h o
y
w a s a s s i s t ed by G a d di h e p u t i nt o m or m
,

y h a nd a p e n t a co l o a

m m
,

i c a l c ha r t T h e n e cro a n c er ha vi n b e n t o a k e h is t r e
g g g u

mendons i nvoc a t io ns c a ll ed b y t heir na mes a mu lt i t u de o f de

.

mo ns w h o w er et he l ea d ers o f t he s evera l l eg ions a nd inv ok ed

,

t hemby t he vi r t u e a nd po w er o f t h e et ern a l u n cr ea t ed G o d w ho
, ,

l i ves fo r ev er i nso m u c h t ha t t he a m p hi t hea t r e w a s a l m

,

o s t in a n

i ns t a nt ll ed w i t h d em d t im es m or e nu m
,

o ns a hu ndr e erou s t ha n
a t t h e fo r m er co nj u r a t io n V i nc en z o R em o l i w a s b u si ed in
ma ki ng a fi r e w i t h t he a ssi st a nc e o f A gno l ino a nd bu rning a
.

m
,

r e a t q u a nt i t y o f p r ecio u s p e r f e I b y t h e dir e c t io n f t h e
g u s o

n ecro m m m
.
,

a nc er a a i n d es i r e
g d t o b e i n t h e co p a n y o f y A n g e l
T he for m er t her eu po n t u r ni ng t o m
,

i ca e s a id K no w t hey
h a ve d ec l a r ed t ha t in t he s p a c e o f a m
.
, , ,

o nt h yo u sha ll b e in her
co m p a ny H e t hen r eq u est ed m

e t o s t a n d r eso l u t ely b y him
b ec a u s e t he l eg io ns w er e no w a bo ve a t ho u sa nd m ore in nu m
.
,

b er t ha n he ha d d es i g ned a nd b es id es t h es e w er e t he m o st

d a ng ero u s so t ha t a ft er t hey ha d a ns w er ed m
, , ,

y q u e s t io n i t b e
ho o ved himt o b e ci vi l t o t h em a n d di s m i s s t hemqu i et l y A t
,

t he s a m e t im
.
,

e t he b o y u nd er t he p ent a co l o w a s in a t er ri b l e
fri g ht s a y i n g t ha t t her e w er e in t ha t p l a c e a m
,

i ll ion o f erc e
men w ho t hr ea t en ed t o d est r o y u s ; a nd t ha t mor eo ver fou r
, ,

a rm ed gi a nt s o f a n en o r m
, , ,

o u s s t a t u r e w er e en d ea vori ng t o br ea k
i nt o o u r ci r cl e D u r i ng t h i s t i m e w hi l e t h e n ecro m a n ce r
t r em b l i ng w i t h fea r end ea vor ed b y m i l d a nd g ent l e m
.
, ,

et ho d s t o
di s m i s s t hemin t he b es t w a y he cou l d V i nc en z o R o m
,

o li w ho

ook c a r e o f t hep erfu m

, ,

q u i v e r e d l ik e a n a s p e n l e a f t -
es T ho u g h
I was as m rri ed a s a ny o f t h em I did m m
.
,

u ch t e u t o s t t o con
y ,

ce a l t he t er r or I f e l t s o t ha t I gr ea t ly co nt rib u t ed t o i nsp ire t he

r es t w i t h r eso l u t io n b u t t he t r u t h is I g a v e m
,

y s el f o ver fo r a
d ea d m ei n g t he hor r id fri g ht t he n ecro m
,

an se , a nc e r w a s in T he .

b o y p l a c ed his hea d b et w een his k n ees a n d s a id I n t hi s p o s

I t o l d himt ha t
, ,

t u r e w i ll 1 d ie; fo r w e sha ll a ll s u r ely p eri s h

.

A pr eser a t ivea g a inst t hepo w er of dem

v ons .
 C ELLINI A ND T H E NE C R OM A NC E R .
1 41

all t ho s e de mon d er u s a n d w ha t he s a w w a s sm
s r
wee u n ok e
and s h a do w ; s o bid hi mho l d u
,

p h i s he a d a nd t a k e co u r a e
g
NO s oo n er d id he l ook u p b u t he cri ed o u t Th e w ho l e a m
.

,
~
p hi ,

t hea t r e i s b u r ni ng a nd t he r e is j u s t fa ll i ng u po n u s s o co v e r
ing h i s f a c e w i t h his ha nd s he a g a i n exc l a i m
,

ed t h a t d es t r u c t io n
w a s in ev i t a b l e a nd h e d es ir ed t o s ee n o m o r e Then ecr o m
,

an

en t r ea t ed m
.
,

ce r e t o ha ve a g o od hea rt a nd t a k e c a r e t o b u r n
m m m
,

p r o p e r p e r fu e s ; u po n w h ic h I t u r n e d t o R e o l i a n d bid h i
b u r n a ll t h e m o st precio u s p erfu m A t t he s a m et im
,

es he ha d e
I c a st m
.

e e u po n A nel i n e G a ddi w ho w a s t e r r i e d t o su c h a
y y g
deg r ee t ha t he co u l d s c a rc e di st i ngu ish obj ec t s a nd s eem
,

ed t o b e
S eei ng himi n t hi s co nd it io n I sa id A g n o l ino Up o n
, ,

ha l f d ea d

t h es e o c c a s io n s a m
.
, , ,

a n s ho u l d n o t y i e l d t o fea r b u t shou l d s t ir
s o co m c t ly a nd p u t o n s o m
,

a bo u t a nd g i v eh is a s s i s t a n c e e dir e e
mo re o f t hes e p erfu mes P oor A gno lino u po n a t t emp t i ng t o

move w a s so v iol ent ly t erri ed t ha t t he eff ec t s o f his fea r over

.
,

po w er ed a ll t he p er fu m
, ,

es w e w er e b u rn i ng The bo y hea ri ng
n t u r ed o n c e m
.

a c r ep i t a t io n v e or e t o r a i s e his hea d w hen s eei ng

mel a u gh he b ega n t o t a k e cou ra ge a nd sa id t h a t t hed evi l s w er e
, ,

, ,

y i n g a w a y w i t h a v engea nc e
I n t hi s co ndi t io n w e s t a y ed t i ll t he b ell r a ng fo r m
.

orni ng
p r a y er The necro m a n c er a g a i n t o l d u s t ha t t h e r e r em a i n ed b u t

few d ev i l s a nd t hes e w er e a t a g r ea t di s t a n c e W hen t he m

.

m m
.
,

i c ia n ha d p e r for e d t h e r es t o f his c e r e o n i es he s t ripp ed o ff

g ,

hi s g o w n a nd t ook u p a w a ll et fu ll o f book s w hic h he ha d

bro u ght w t t h him W e a l l w ent o u t o f t he circ l e t o g et her k eep
,

.
,

ing a s c l o s e t o ea c h o t her a s w e po s s ibl y co u l d es p eci a lly t he

b o y w ho ha d p l a c ed hi m l f i n t he m
,

se idd l e ho l di ng t he n ecro
ma ncer by t he co a t a n d me by t he c l o a k A s w e w ere g oi ng t o
, ,

o u r hou s es in t h e qu a r t er o f B a nc hi t he bo y t o l d u s t ha t t w o o f

t h e d em o ns w ho mw e ha d s een a t t he a m
,

phi t hea t r e w ent o n b e

fo r e u s s i ngi ng a nd s kippi ng s o m et i m es ru nni ng u po n t he roo fs
o f t he h ou s es a nd s o m et i m
,

es u po n t he g rou nd T he p r i es t d e
r ed m
.
,

cl a r ed t ha t t ho u gh h e ha d o ft en ent e a ic circ l es n o t hi n
g g
x t r a ordi n a ry ha d ev er ha pp en ed t o him A s w e w e
, ,

so e nt a l o ng
h e w o u l d fa i n ha ve p er su a d ed m e t o a s s i s t w i t h hima t co ns ecr a
.

t in g a book fro mw h ic h h e s a id w e sho u l d d er iv e i m mense

r i c hes ; w e sho u l d t hen a sk t he d em ons t o di s co ver t o u s t he va
'

r io u s t r e a su re s w i t h w h ic h t he ea rt h a bo u n d s w h ic h w o u l d r a i s e

n c e a nd po w er ; b u t t h a t t ho s e l o ve a ff a ir s w er e m
,

u s t o o pu l e er e
f o ll ies fro mw hen c e no g ood co u l d b e exp ec t ed
, I a ns w er ed .
,

t ha t I w o u l d ha v e r ea di ly a cc ep t ed his propo sa l if I ha d u nd er
H e r edou b l ed his p er su a s io ns a s su ri ng m
,

s t oo d L a t in

.

e t ha t ,
1 42 S O R C E R Y A ND M AGIC .

t he k n w o l ed g e o f t h e L a t i n l a ng u a ge w a s b y no m ea ns m at e r ia l .

H e a dd ed t ha t he co u l d ha ve fo u n d L a t i n s c ho l a r s enou gh if he
ha d t ho u ght it w or t h w hi l et o l ook o u t fo r t hemb u t t ha t he c o u l d
, ,

r ha v e m
,

ne ve et w i t h a p a r t ner o f r es o l u t io n a nd i nt r epidi t y equ a l

to m i ne a nd t ha t I sho u l d b y a ll mea n s fo ll o w his a d v ic e
,
.

W hi l e w e w ere en g a g ed in t hi s convers a t ion w e a rr iv ed a t o u r

r es p ec t i ve hom es a nd a ll t h a t ni ght I dr ea m
,

,
ed o f no t hin g b u t
d evi l s .

A s I ev ery d a y sa w t he pri es t he did n o t fa i l t o r enew hi s

s o l ici t a t io ns t o en a e m m
,

g g e t o co e i n t o h i s p pr O o sa l I a s k e d
himw ha t t i m
.

e it w o u l d t a k e t o c a rry h is p l a n i nt o execu t io n ,

a nd w h e r e t h i s s c ene w a s t o b e a c t ed H e a ns w ered t h a t in
l ess t ha n a m o nt h w e m i ght co m
.
,

p l et e it a nd t ha t t he p l a c e b es t
c a l c u l a t ed fo r o u r pu r po s e w a s t he m
,

o u nt a i ns o f Norci a ; t ho u gh
a m a s t er o f h is ha d p e rform ed t he c er em ony o f co nsec r a t io n
ha rd by t he m o u nt a i n s o f t he a bb ey o f F a rfa b u t t ha t he ha d m et
w i t h so m
,

e di ffi c u l t i es w hic h w o u l d no t occ u r in t ho s e o f No r cia

H e a dd ed t ha t t he n ei ghbori ng p ea s a nt s w ere m en w ho m
.

i g ht
b e co n d ed in a n d h a d s o m e k no w l ed g e o f n ecro m
,

a n c y i ns o

mu c h t ha t t hey w er e l ik ely t o g i ve u s g rea t a ssi st a nc e u po n o c

, ,

c a sio n S u c h a n eff ect ha d t hep er su a s io ns o f t hi s ho ly conj u r er

t ha t I r ea di ly a g r eed t o a ll t h a t h e d es ir ed b u t t o l d h i mt h a t I
.
,

a d t o ni s h t h e m al I w a s m
, ,

sho u l d b e l e d a ki ng fo r t h e e
g p po

r st T hi s s ecr et I co m mu nic a t ed t o himb u t t o nobody el se

m
.
, ,

a nd b e g e d h e w o l d n t di l e it I co n t n t ly k e d h i
g u o v u g s a a s

w het her he t ho u ght I s ho u l d a t t he t i m em

.

ent ion ed b y t he d ev il
ha v e a n i nt ervi ew w i t h m m
, ,

y i st r e ss A n e
g l ic a ; a n d n di n g it a
p
pro a c h I w a s su rpri s ed t o hea r no t idi ng s o f her The pri est
d me t ha t I shou l d w i t hou t fa i l enjoy her co m
.
,

a l w a y s a s su r e n
p ya
a s t h e d em o n s n ever brea k t heir pro m i s e w hen t hey m a k e it in

t he s o l em n m r t hey ha d done t o m e H e bid m

,

a nne e t her ef or e
m
.
, ,

w a i t p a t i ent ly a n d a v oid i vin roo t o an s c a nd a l u po n t ha t

g g y
occ a s io n b u t m ff ort t o hea r s o m et hi n g a g a i ns t m
,

a ke a n e n
, y a
t u r e a s he w a s a w a r e o f t he r e t d an e r I w as to e n co u n t e r
g a g ;
a ddi ng t ha t it w o u l d b e ha pp y fo r m e i f I w ou l d g o w i t h hi mt o
,

co ns ecr a t e t he book a s it w o u l d b e t he w a y t o ob vi a t e t he d a n
a nd co u l d no t fa i l t o m m m
,

g e r a k e bo t h h i a n d e h a pp y
Im medi a t ely a ft er t hi s B envenu t o C ell in i fell int o so da nger
.
,

o u s a s cr a p e a t R o m
,

e t ha t he w a s ob l i g ed t o y a nd t a k ing his
ro u t e t o Na p l es he t her e a ccid ent a lly m et w i t h his m
, ,

i st r ess on
t he l a st d a y o f t he m o nt h p redic t ed b y t he n ecro m
,

a nc e r .
 T HE E NGLIS H M AGIC IA NS . 1 43

C H A P T E R X II .

TH E EN GLIS H MA G I C IA N 8 2 DR . D EE A ND HIS F O LL O W E R S .

W H A T EV E R m a
y h a ve b ee n t h e m e a ns e m p l o y e d t o prod u c e

t he eff ec t s d es crib ed a t t he end o f t he pr ec edi ng c ha p t er t her e

mu st ha v e b een a g reat a nd g enera l t en dency t o b el i ef o n t he
,

p a rt o f t ho s et o w ho mt hey w er eexh ibi t ed T hi s cr edu l i t y s eem s

t o ha v e ri s en t o it s g r ea t es t hei g h t a t t he t i m e o f t h e R efo r m
.

t i o n a s t ho u gh w hen t he m
, ,
ind ha d b een su dd enly r el i ev ed fr o m
i nt ell ec t u a l r est r a i nt it o verl ea p ed in t he rs t b u r st o f l i b er t y
, , ,

ever y b o u n d t o w hic h sob er r ea s o n w o u l d na t u r a lly co n n e it

\Vhen w e s ee m en o f t he g r ea t es t t a l ent s a nd t he m
.

o st pro fo u nd
l ea r n i ng s hu t t i ng t hem se l v es in t heir s ecr et st u di es t o pu sh t heir
y o nd t he l i m
,

a nx i o u s r es ea rc he s be i t s o f na t u ra l k no w l ed g e a nd
hea r t hemt a l k i ng s ob erly O f t heir i n t erco u r s e w i t h s p i r i t s o f a n
,

o t her w orl d a n d w i t h t heir r u l ers w ea r e a l m o st dri ven t o b el i eve

t ha t t he w orl d ha d b een su dd enly d el u g ed w i t h a ho s t o f d em
,

o ns

w ho a m u s ed t h e msel ves w i t h t u rni ng t o mock ery t he i nt ell ec t u a l

po w ers o f t he hu m a n ra c e No r p erh a p s w a s t hi s m en t a l infa t
u a t io n ent ir ely w i t ho u t it s u s e fo r w e m
.

u st no t for g et t ha t w e

o w e som e o f o u r fu nd a m ent a l di s co veri es in s ci enc e t o t he m

,

g i c i a ns o f t he s ix t ee n t h a n d s e ve n t e en t h c e n t u ri e s a nd t ha t o ne

o f t he m
,

ost u ni versa lly nec essa ry a r t ic l es o f t he pr es ent d a y o u r

a lm d fro mt he a st ro l o g ers
,

a n a c s a r e d eri ve

T h ere is s o m
.
,

et h i ng ext ra ordi n a r y i n t he r a g e for t he s t u d y o f

w ha t w er e c a ll ed t he occ u l t s ci en c es w hic h m ,
a n i f est e d i t s el f a t
t he p eriod o f w hic h w e a r e s p ea ki ng I n ou r o w n co u nt ry
.
,

C a i u s t he fou n d er o f a co ll ege o f l ea rn i ng in o ne o f o u r u n i ver

si t i es Dee o ne o f t he r st m ma t ici a n s of his a g e a nd ma ny
,

a t he

st a m o ng t heir co nt em pora ri es g a ve i m
, , ,

of t he w i s e s t a nd b e p l ici t
bel i ef t o t he sc i enc e w hic h ena b l ed t hemt o i nvok e a nd con st ra i n
,

t he s p iri t u a l w or l d T he doi ng s a nd t ho u g ht s o f t ho s e w ho sp e
ms el v es t o su ch pu rsu it s forma si ngu l a r cha p
.

cia l l y d edi ca t ed t he

r in t he h i st ory o f hu m
,

te a n i nt e l l i g enc e
O ne o f t hem ma rk a bl e o f t hes e c ert a inly w a s Dr John
.

o st r e , , .

Dee T hi s c el ebra t ed p er so na g e w a s born in L o ndo n in t he

a m n er gy a nd a m
.

y e a r 1 5 2 7 W i t h i n d fu ll of e bi t io n he s t u di ed
w i t h a n ea g ern es s a n d su cc es s t ha t soo n r a i s ed h imt o r epu t a t io n
. ,

in t heu ni ver s i t i es o f E ngl a nd a nd t he cont i nent H e is sa i d t o

.
1 44 S O R C E RY AND M AG IC .

ha ve i mb ib ed hi s i ences w hi ch his i m
t a s t e fo r t h e occ u l t a i
g sc

em
,

na t i v i d r et i
n a ne d du ri ng h is l i fe w hi l ea s t u dent a t Lo u va ine; ,

e t i t i s s i ng u l a r t ha t o n e o f h is e a r l ie s t w ri t i n s w a s a d e fe n e
y g c

o f R o er B a c o n a g a i n s t t he i m p u t a t io n o f ha v i ng l ea u e d w i t h
g g
d em o ns t o ob t a i n h is ext r a o r d i na ry k no w l ed g e U nd er t hereign .

o f M a ry Dee w a s in c l o s e corr es pon d en c e w i t h t he pri ncess

E l i z a b et h w ho fro mher c hi l d ho o d ha d b een bro u g ht u p in t he
,

l o ve o f l ea r ni ng a nd l ea rned m en ; a nd fo r t hi s i nt i m
,

ae t he
y o u ng p hi l o sop her b ec a m ea n o bj ec t o f su s pic io n a n d w a s t rown
i nt o p r i s o n E l i z a b et h pr es er ved her a t t a c hm ent fo r h imdu ri ng
,

her l i fe a nd p erha p s she ha d r ec ei ved fro mhimt he l ea ni ng t o

.

x hibi t ed o n m ore t ha n o ne r em
,

s u p er s t i t io n w hic h she e a rkab l e

occ a s i o n ( ) n 11 01 a cc es sion t o t he t hro ne t he v irg i n qu een con

'

su l t ed w i t h h i m
.
,

t o x a for t u n a t e d a y fo r he r coro n a t io n a nd su b
se q u ent ly w hen a n i m a e o f w a x in h e
g r r es e m b l a n c e w a s fo u nd
in L i n co l n s I nn F i el d s Dee w a s c a ll ed t o her c ha m
,

- -
b er t o exor
ci s e his s ci enc e in co u nt er a c t i ng t he c ha r m
,

I n his prefa c e t o E u c l id pri n t ed in 1 5 70 Dec co m

.

p l a i ns t hat
I n t he m
, ,

h e w a s a l r ea d y r ep u t ed a co nj u r er ea ger di a r y edi t ed .

b y M r I l a l liw cll a nd in s u ch o f D ees p a p ers a s ha ve b een pr e

d w e fi nd himp a y i n g a t t ent io n t o his d r ea m

.
,

s er v e s t o st ra n e
g
d he h ea rd a t t i m es in hi s c ha m
, ,

noi s es w hic h he fa n ci e b er a nd
t o o t her m rs o f a si m
,

at t e i l a r d es cript ion I n t hi s d i a r y u nder .

,

t he d a t e o f M a 2 5 1 5 8 1 h e s a y s t ha t h e t he n r s t s a w in a
y
cry s t a l I t w a s o ne o f t h e u su a l met hod s of r a i si ng sp iri t s a t
, , ,

t hi s t i m e t o bri ng t hemi nt o a g l a s s or s t on e d u ly p r ep a r ed fo r
.

t he p u rpo s e O ne o f Dr D ees co nj u ri ng st ones i s s t i ll pr e

. .

s erv ed ; it w a s s o l d a t t he S t r a w b e rry H i ll sa l e T he p ar t ien
l a r br a nc h o f m m
.

a ic w hic h h e f o ll o w ed w a s t ha t t e r e d t h e r y
g g
'
u
w hic h t a u g ht t ha t b y a prop er di s po s i t io n o f m
, ,

i nd joined w it h
p u ri t y o f l i fe c l ea nl i nes s o f p er s o n a nd o t her co ndi t io ns a m
,

en
mi ght b e pl a c ed in vi sib l e co mmu nic a t ion w it h g ood sp iri t s a nd
, , ,

r ec ei v e t heir c o u ns el a nd a s s i st a nc e W i t h su c h v i ew s i t is
at a m
.
,

n o t su rpri s i n t h a n l ik e John De e h o l d b e t h e e y d p e
g s u a s u
o f t he r s t he ld a nd c u nni ng m a n w ho u n d e rt oo k t o p ra ct i s e on
his cr ed u l i t y
S u ch a m lly H ew a s it s eem
.

an e vi d en t ly w a s E d w a rd K e s .
, ,

Th i w a e ident ly not t hest onew hi h h e sed in his confer ences w i th t hespir its
s s v c u ,
w it h E d w d K elly fo r hi sk y e t h t w as a g lo beof c y t a l T ha t e en in

ar a s r r, s a r s v
ient t i m t i ed t mk et heu ninit i a t ed bel ie ein t he
.

anc e p t i a l d el u io ns w e ep
s o c s r ra c s o a v
appe n e f
ar a c
p i i t o
s i evidsent f ro mtrhe sing l a r d oct r in eof t heol d r a bbini a l w r i
. s u c o

t t h a t w h en p i it s w e er a i ed t h ey l w a y
o r s, s r p p ea r ed in a e er sed p osit ion w it h
r s a s a r v
,
t h ei h e d do w nw r d a nd t h ei f eet in t he s i n
r a s a , See t he I nt r od u ct i on t o Can n
r -
a

ba n s ed it ion of Dees Confer encew it h Spi it s

'

r .
 DR . DEE A ND HIS S K R YE RS .
1 45

a n a t ve o f
i cc o rdi ng t o D ees o w n st a t em
L a nc a s hir e bor n ent
a

i n 1 5 5 5 b u t w e nd hims u b s eq u ent ly l i vi ng a t W orc es t er in

, , ,

He w as a m
, ,

t he pro f es s i o n o f a dr u g g i s t a n o f i ll r e p u t e ha d
.
,

b een c o nv ic t ed a t L a nc a st er o f c o i ni ng a nd b een p u ni shed w i t h ,

t h e l o s s o f his ea r s a nd he a pp ea r s t o ha v e fo u n d it nec es s a r
y
t o r em o ve fro mhis n a t i ve c o u nt y H e w a s k no w n a s a n a l c he
,

mi s t a nd a co nj u r er b efo re he b ec a me a cqu a int ed w i t h Dr Dee

.

. .

A s t o r y ha s b een p r es er ved t o l d o n g ood a u t ho ri t y w hic h sho w s , ,

t o w h a t a n ex t ent t hes e pr a c t ic es ha d b een c a r r i ed O ne n i g ht

K elly t o o k a m rc e t he m
.

a n w ho w a s a n xio u s t o pi e y st eri es o f
t h e f u t u r e w i t h c er t a i n o f his s er v a nt s i nt o t he p a rk o f W a l t o n
, ,

l o D al e n ea r Pres t o n in L a nc a s hir e a nd t her e g r a t i ed his d e

s ir e b y m m
, , ,

ea n s o f n ecro a n c y W hen h is i n c a n t a t io ns w er e .

en d ed K ell y i nq u i r ed o f o n e o f t he s er v a nt s w ho s e c o rp s e ha d
,

b een l a s t i nt er r ed i n t he c hu r c hy a rd a djoi n i n g ; a nd b ei ng t o l d .

t ha t a poor m a n ha d b e en b u ri ed t her e t he s a m e d a y t hey d u g

u p t h e bod y a nd t he co nj u r er m
,

, a d e it sp e a k a nd d e l i v er su ndry

s t r a n g e pr e dic t io n s
A t t he p er iod w hen he b ec a m
.

e a cqu a i nt ed w i t h K elly Dee ,

w a s l i v i ng a t hi s ho u s e a t M or t l a k e i n S u rr ey w i t h hi s y o u ng
w i fe w h o mhe ha d m
,

,
a rri ed in 1 5 7 8 H e w a s l o o ki ng o u t fo r .

a n a s s i s t a nt in hi s s t u di es t t e d t o s er ve t he o f c e o f i n sp ec t or
rm ed skry er a n a m
,

o f hi s g l a s s or a s it w a s t e e n o t a s D I sr a el i

, , , ,

su ppo s ed i nve nt ed by Dee I t a pp ea r s t ha t it w a s a l w a y s nec es

sa r y t o h a ve a n a ss i s t a nt t o p er for mt hi s o i c e w ho a l o n e c o m
, .

mu ned w i t h t he spiri t s a nd rep ea t ed w ha t he s a w or hea rd In

,

a m edi n g s pr es er v ed in t h e B ri t i s h m
, .

a n u s crip t o f D ees proc e

u

u m w e nd copi es o f pr a y e
,

se

rs w i t h a v i ew t o t hes e p u rpo s es
d a t ed in 1 5 6 9 a nd 1 5 7 9 b u t his r s t s kry er o f w ho mt her e is
, ,

m n w a s na m
,

an en t io e d B a r na b a s S a u l I n t h e di a r y a l rea d y
y
ment io ned Dee ha s not ed do w n o n t he 9t h o f O c t ob er 1 5 8 1 t ha t
.
,

, , ,

B a r n a b a s S a u l w a s st ra ng ely t ro u b l ed b y a spiri t u a l cr ea t u r e
a bo u t m

i dni ght O n t he 6 t h o f M a rc h fo ll o w i n g S a u l
.

co n ,

fes s ed t ha t he n ei t h er hea rd n o r sa w a ny spiri t u a l cr ea t u r e a ny

mo re A t t hi s t ime S a u l a nd his emp l oyer w er eev id en t ly mu ch
.

d iss a t i s ed w i t h ea c h o t her a n d it w a s prob a b ly no t l o ng a ft er

I n t he m
,

w hen t hey p a r t ed a nu s c r ip t
j u st qu o t ed D e e h a s se t
d o w n his m edi ng s o n t he 2 d o f D ec em
.
,

a g ic a l proc e b er 1 5 8 1 a nd
he b eg i ns w i t h t he s t a t em I w i ll ed t hes kry er (na m
, ,

ent ed S a u l )
t o l o ok s i n t o m
,

r e a t chr s t a ll in e g l ob e if G o d ha d s ent his

y g y ,

ho ly a ng el A na el o r no S a u l l ook ed a nd a s t he na rra t ive
, .
, ,

m
T his cu r iou s u nnaer i t w ich co nt a ins t hej ou r na l of Dees ear lie
. h
r conf erence
s

wit h spir it s, is t heSlo a ne No 3677 . .

13
1 46 S O R C E RY A ND M A GIC .

e s a w t he a ng e I t w a s pr o ba b ly Dees

g oes o n t o sa y , h l A ns el .

por t s O f h is b ei ng a con
'

o w n a s s i s t a nt w ho s pr e a d a b r o a d t he r e

j u rer O n t he 9 t h o f M a rc h , 1 5 82 , Dee ha s a de a n ent r y in m

m
.

his di a r y , t ha t ,

a t di nn e r t i e M r C l er k s o n a nd M r T a l bot
-

m
. .

d ec l a r ed a g r ea t d ea l o f B a rneb a s s na u ght y d ea l i ng t o w ar d e

H is fri end t o l d m m
e, b efor e y w i fe a nd M r Cl er k s o n, t ha t
m
.

a s piri t u a l cr e a t u r e t o l d hi t ha t B a rn a b a s ha d c en su re d b ot h
M r C l er k s o n a nd m e

m
I n t he a nu s cri p t o f t he B rit i sh
'

m a

m
.
.

se u , w e nd E d w a rd T a l bo t ex erci s i ng t h e o f c e o f s k r
ye r t o

Dr Dee du ri ng a g r ea t p a rt o f t he yea r 1 5 82 , a nd a s E d w ar d
m m m
.

K elly w a s c ert a i nly s kry i ng a t t he s a e t i e, it is no t i pr o b
a b l e t ha t t he m
y a r e o ne a n d t he sa e p ers on W ea ver sp ea k s o f
m m
.

hi as

K elly , o t h er w i s e c a ll ed T a lbot , s o t ha t he s ee s t o
ha ve p a s sed u nd er bo t h n a es m . m m
F ro t he t i e o f his a c q u a i nt
a n c ew i t h K e lly , Dr Dee k ept a r egu l a r jou rna l o f a ll t ha t p as s ed
.

in his co nfer enc es w it h t he s piri t s , t h e ea r l i er port io n o f w hich

m
i s pr es er ved in t he a nu s crip t i n t he B ri t i sh m u se u m
, a nd t he

l a t t er p a r t w a s pri nt ed b y M eric C a sa u b a n, in 1 65 9
m m
.

K elly s o o n pro ved hi s el f a v ery s ki l fu l s kryer , a nd he s ee s

t o ha ve u s ed t he g r ea t est c u nn i n g i n p r a c t i s i ng u pon D ees cr e

m
d u l it y a nd ins i nu a t i ng hi s el f i nt o h is co n d en c e H e p r e
m
.
,

t end ed t o do u b t t he propri et y o f t he w o rk he w a s e p l o ye d in ,
a nd expr e ss e mm m
d fro t i e t o t i e his s u spicio n s o f t he c ha ra ct er
o f t h e s piri t s w i t h w hom t hey w er e d ea l i ng . Dee gives a n s e
c o u nt o f o ne o f t h e ir qu a r r el s t ha t ha pp ened in t he A p ri l o f
1 5 82 , s oo n a ft er t he di n ner p a r t y d es crib ed a bo ve; K ell y not
o nly e m
xpr es s ed his b el i ef t ha t t he spir it s w ho c a e i nt o t he gl a s s
m m
w er ed e o ns s ent t o hu rry t he t o t h eir d est ru c t io n , b u t he co m
p l a in ed t ha t h e w a s k ep t in D ees hou s e a s i n a pr iso n , t h a t it

w er e b et t er fo r hi m t o b e n ea r Go t sa ll P l a i n , w her e he might
w a l k a b r o a d w i t ho u t d a n er
g

T h e f e e l i ng s o f t he do ct or s ee m
m
.

t o ha ve b een u c h hu r t a t t he do u bt s t hu s c a s t o n t he r e spe ct s
b il it y o f his s pi r i t u a l v i s i t er s .

D u ri ng t hi s a nd t he fo ll o w i ng y ea r , D ees conferences w i t h

t he spiri t s w er e very f r eq u ent I t a pp ea r s t ha t b e co nsu l t ed

m mm m mm
.

t he s o et i es fo r hi s el f , a n d s o et i es for o t her s , a nd t hey

m
O ft en c a e w hen n o t c a ll ed for I n t he y ea r 1 5 83, Al b er t Lee
.

k i , or Al a sk i , w a i w od e o r pri n c e o f S ir a d ia , in P o l a nd , p a id a
v i s i t t o t h e co u rt o f Q u e m
en E l i z a b et h, a n d b ec a e a fr eq u ent vis
i t er a t D ees hou s e a t M ort l a k e, w her ehew a s i ni t i a t ed int o t hese

s piri t u a l m m
y s t er i es K elly s ee s t o ha v e h a rbored st r a ng e a nd
m m
.

a bi t iou s proj ec t s t o b ec a rri ed i nt o eff ec t t hrou gh L a s ki , o r s o e

o f t heG e m
r a n p ri n ce s , a nd heb e a n t o w o r k u p o n his i
g a
g imn a t io n
 THE S P I RIT UA L VISITA N P
'
. 1 47

b y t her ev el a t io ns o f D ees a g ic st o ne F ro t hi s

m m mm o ent t he
m
.

S p iri t s co u l d b e bro u g ht t o t a l k o f l i t t l e b u t r evo l u t io ns a nd igh

t y c o n v u l s io n s w hich w er e s p eedi ly t o t a k e p l a c e in E u rop e .

O n t he 2 8 t h o f M a y, 1 5 8 3, Dee a nd K elly w er e s i t t i ng t o g et her

i n t h e s t u d y , t a l ki ng o f t he P o l i sh pri nc ea nd his a ff a ir s Su d
m m m
.

d enly , Dee t ell s u s , t her e s ee ed t o co e o u t o f y or a t ory a
sp iri t u a l cr e a t u re , l ik e a pr e t t y g i r l o f s ev e n or n i n e y e a r s o f a e
g ,
a t t ir ed o n he r he a d w i t h he r ha ir r o w l e d u p b efor e, a nd ha ng i n g
d o w n v ery l o ng b ehi nd , w i t h a g o w n o f s ey c ha n gea bl e
m
.

g r e e n a nd r e d a n d w i t h a t r a i n ; sh e s ee ed t o p l a y u
p a nd

m m
,

d o w n , a nd s ee ed t o g o in a n d o u t b eh ind y book s , ly i ng o n
h ea p s , a nd a s shesho u l d ev er g o b et w een t he , t hebo o k s s ee ed m m
t o g i ve p l a c e s u f ci ent ly , di vidi n g o n e hea p fro m t he o t h er , w h i l e
s he p a s s e d b et w een t he m A nd s o I co ns id er ed , a n d hea rd t he
m m
.

d i ver se r eport s w hic h E K a d e u n t o t hi s p r e tty a id e n , a nd

m
. .

I s a id , W hos e a id en a r e yo u 7

m
S he W ho s e a n a r e yo u ?
m m
.

D I a
. t he s er v a nt o f G od , bo t h b y y bo u n d d u t y , a nd

a l s o (I hO p e ) b y h i s a dop t io n .

A Voyce Y o u sha ll b e b ea t en if you t ell )

m m m
. .

S he A no t I a ne a id e n ? g i ve e l ea ve t o p l a y in y ou r
mm m m
.

ho u s e; y o t h e r t o l d e s h e w o u l d co e a nd d w e ll h e r e
m
.

D She w ent u p a nd d o w n w i t h o st l i vely g est u r es o f a
m
.

y o u ng
g ir l p l a y i n g b y h er s e l f a n d di v er s t i e s a n o t h e r s p a k e t o

m m
,

h er fro t he cor ne r o f y s t u d y by a g r ea t p er sp ec t i ve g l a ss e,
b u t no n e w a s s een b es i de her s el f
m
.

S he S ha ll I ? I w i ll No w s he s ee ed t o a ns wer o ne in
m
. .

t hef or es a i d cor ne r of t hes t u d I pr ay o u le e a rry a l i t t l e

y) .
y t t

( p
s e a ki n
g t o o n e i n t h e f o r e s a i d co r n e r
)
m
.

D T ell e w ha t yo u a r e
m
. .

S he I pr a y you l et e p l a y w i t h yo u a l i t t l e, a n d I w i ll t ell
m
.

o u w ho I a
y
m m
.

D I n t he na e o f J esu s , t hen, t ell e

m m
. .

S it e I r ej oyce in t he n a e o f J esu s , a nd I a a poor l i t t l e

m m m mm
.

a id e n , M a di i I a t he l a st b u t on eo f y ot her s c hi l dr en

I ha ve l i t t l e b a b y c hi l d r en a t ho e m
m
.

D W her e is y o u r ho e
.

M a d I dar en o t t ell you w her e I d w ell , I sha ll b e b ea t en

m
. .

D Y o u sha ll no t b e b ea t en fo r t ell i ng t he t ru t h t o t he t ha t
m
.

love t he t ru t h ; t o t he et er na l t ru t h a ll cr ea t u r es u s t b eob ed i ent

m
.

M a d 1 w a rr a nt you I w i ll b e ob edi ent ; s i st e r s s a y t he y

y
m m
.

u st a ll co e a nd d w ell w i t h yo u .
1 48 S O R C E R Y AND M A G IC .

D I d es ir e t ha t t hey w ho l o ve G o d shou l d dw ell w i t h m e

a nd I w i t h t hem
.
,

M a d I l o v e yo u no w yo u t a l k o f G od
D Y o u r el d es s i s er her na m e is Es im
. .

t t el i
] M y s i s t er is no t s o s hort a s yo u m
.

l m
.

a k e her

D O h I cry yo u m m c ed E s im
. .

erc y ! s he is b e pro n o u n li
E K S he s m C om
.
.
,

il et h ; o ne c a ll s her sa y i ng e a w ay

ma id en
. .
, , ,

M a d I w i ll r ea d o ver m m st ; m m
.

y g e nt l ew o en r y a s t er

Dee w i ll t ea c h m e if I s a y a m
.

i ss
D R ea d o v er y o u r g ent l ew o m
.

en a s it p l ea set h y o u
M a d 1 ha ve g en t l em en a nd g ent l ew o m
.
.
,

. en l ook yo u h ere , .

E K S he b r i ng et h a l it t l e book o u t o f her po c k et
. . She .

o int et h t o a pic t u r e in t h e book

p
310 d I s no t t hi s a pr et t y m
.

an ;

m
.

D \Vha t is h is na e
m m
.

Ma d M y [ o t her ] s a i t h hi s na e is E d w a rd ; l oo k y ou , he
mm m
.

ha t h a c r o w n u po n h is hea d ; o t her s a i t h t ha t t hi s an w a s
y

d u k e o f Y ork .

S u c h is t he st yl e in w h ich t h es e ex t ra ordi na ry r evel a t i o ns

co m menc e I n t he ea r l i er book s t heir o bj ect s w ere g enera lly
ma t t er s o f mu ch l ess i mpo rt a nc e; b u t K elly seems t o ha ve
.

for m ed s o m e w i l d n o t io n s o f u n i v er s a l m o n a rc hy l ik e t ha t o f
t he o l d er a n a b a p t i st s o f M u ns t er a n d t o ha ve i m
,

a i n ed t h a t t h e
g
P o l i s h p r i n c e L a s k y w a s t he m
,

a n t o c a rry o u t t h i s p u rpo s e;

a n d fr o mt hi s t i m e a ll h is v i s io ns t end ed t o t hi s poi nt M a d im i
w ho w a s n o w o n e o f t heir m
.
,

o st co nst a nt vi si t ers proc eed s in t he

n e j u s t d es c r ib ed t o co n vi nc e t hem b y a s or t o f pic t ori a l
,

sce

p edi g r ee t ha t L a s k y w a s d es c end ed f r o mt he A n gl o Nor m

,

an -

fa m T her e is s o m
,

ily o f t he L a ci es et hi ng v ery ex t ra ordi na r y

m
.
,

a nd c er t a i nly r e t forc e f i i a t io n i n t h e ro u p i n n d
g a o a g n g g a

c ha r a c t er o f t he s pi r i t s by w homDee i m
,

a g i ne d t ha t he w a s vis
it ed w h ic h ex hibi t s t o u s t h e p ec u l i a r t a l ent s o f E d w a rd K elly
, .

W hen t hey nex t c o n su l t ed t he s t o ne w hic h w a s o n t he s ec ond

,

o f J u ne t he y w er e fa v or ed w i t h a v i sio n o f o ne l ik e a hu sb a nd
ma n w ho t a l k s my st ic a ll y o f t he w ick ed nes s o f t he w orld a nd
,

, ,

g en e r a l r eg e n e r a t io n w h ic h i s t o b e e ff ec t e d t h ro u
g h Al b e r t
L a s k y T hi s h u s b a n d m a n is a n a n e l n am e d M u r i fr i t o w ho m
g
Dee d es c end i n g t o m o r e com mon
.
, ,

a t t h e c l o s e o f t hi s i n t er vi ew

p l a c e s u bj ec t s pr es ent ed p et i t io ns fo r a w o m
, ,

a n w ho in a t o f

d es p er a t ion h a d a t t em p t ed t o co m mi t su icid e a nd fo r a n o t her

,

w ho h a d d r ea m
,

ed o f a t r ea su r e b u ri ed in a c ell a r S ev era l fol

.

l o w i ng r evel a t io ns r el a t e chi e y t o t he st a t e o f t he w orld t o t he ,

 QU A RRE L S O F DEE A ND K E LL Y . 1 49

a pp ro a chi ng r evo l u t io n a nd r eg ener a t ion a n d t o a book o f t he

n ew l a w w hic h w a s t o b e co m mu nic a t ed t o t hem A no t her
,

i n t he for mo f a m n na m
.

s piri t a id e ed G elu a h s h o w s her s el f

ves t hemst il l m rm
, , , ,

a nd
g i or e d e n i t e i n fo a t io n o n Al b e r t L a sky s

fu t u r e fo r t u n es
I s a y u n t o t hee his n a m
.

Ga l . e is i n t he b oo k of lif e
, .

T he s u n sha ll not p a ss e his co u rs e b efo r e he b e a ki ng H is .

c o u n s el s h a l l br ee d a l t er a t i o n o f his st a t e; yea o f t he w ho l e
w or l d W ha t w o u l d s t t ho u k n o w o f him?
D I f hi s k i ng do msh a ll b e o f P o l a nd or w ha t l a nd el s e?
.

G a l O f t w o ki n g do m
,
.

. s .

D W hic h I b es eec h yo u ?
.
,

G a l The o n e t ho u h a s t rep ea t ed a nd t he o t her he s eek et h

.
,

a s ri g ht

D G o d g r a nt h i msu f ci ent d ir ect io rL t o do a ll t hi ngs so a s

.

ma y p l ea se t he hi ghest o f his c a ll i ng
.

G a l H e s ha ll w a nt no dir ec t io n i n a ny t h i ng h e d esir et h
. .

D A s co n c er ni ng t he t r o u bl es o f A u g u s t nex t a nd t he d a n
s t fo r hi mt o do m
.
,

g e r s t h e n w ha t i s t he b e, t o b e oi n
g g h o e b e
f o r e o r t o t a rry her e?
G a l W ho mG o d ha t h a rm ed n o m
,

a n ca n pr e v a i l a a i ns t
.
, g .

K elly no w a g a i n b eg a n t o pr et end s cr u p l es a s t o t he pr o pri et y

o f t h eir d ea l i n g w i t h t he s piri t s w ho mhe b el i e , v ed w er e d evi l s

a n d h e t hr ea t e n ed o n c e o r t w ic e t o d es er t t h e doc t or w h o ho w

ev er k ept a c l o s e w a t c h u po n him O n e d a y a t t he end o f

, ,

J u ne K elly a nno u nc ed his i nt ent io n o f ridi ng o n s o me b u s i nes s

.
, ,

o r o t her fro mM o r t l a k e t o I s l i ng t o n
,

M y hea r t did t hr o b o ft en
t im
.

es t hi s d a y s a y s Dee a nd t ho u g ht t h a t E d w a rd K elly did
i nt en d t o a b s ent hi m l f fr o mm e a nd n o w u po n t hi s m
, ,

se o r ni n g I
w a s co n r m ed a nd m
,

or e a s su r ed t ha t it w a s s o ; w her eu pon
ei n g h imm d him
,

se a k e s u c h h a s t e t o rid e t o I s l i n g t o n I a s k e ,

w hy h e s o ha s t ed t o rid e t hi t her a n d I s a i d , I f it w er e t o rid e ,

t o M r H a r r y Lee I w o u l d g o t h i t her a l s o t o b e a cq u a i nt ed w i t h
him s eei ng n o w I ha d s o g ood l ei su r e b ei n g ea s ed o f t h e book
,
.

T hen he s a id t ha t o n e t o l d h imt he o t her d a y t ha t

, ,

w ri t i n g

t he d u k e [ L a s k y ] did b u t a t t er hi m a n d t o l d himo t h er t h i n g s
.
,

bo t h a g a i nst t he d u k e a nd m
,

e I a n s w er ed fo r t h e d u k e a n d
my sel f a nd a l so s a id t ha t if t he fo rt y p o u nd s a nnu it y w hi ch M r
.

Lee did o ff er h im w a s t he c hi ef c a u s e o f his m

.
, ,

i nd e s et t i n g t ha t
w a y ( co nt r a r y t o m a ny o f h is fo r m er p r o m i s es t o me) t ha t t hen
,

I w o u l d a s s u r e himo f ft y po u nds y ea rly a nd w o u l d do m

,

y b e st

b y fo ll o w i ng o f m
, ,

y s u t e t o b r i n g it t o p a s s e a s s oo n a s p o s s ibly

r eu p o n did m : h imp ro m
,

i s e u p o n t he B ibl e
ag
I co u l d a nd t he .
 1 50 S O R C E R Y AND M AGIC .

T hen E d w a rd K elly a g a i n u p o n t he s a me B ib l e d id sw ea r u nt o
me co nst a nt fri end s hi p , a n d n ever t o for s a k e e; a nd m m or e ove r

s a id , t ha t a nl es s e t hi s b a d s o fa l n o u t , he w o u l d ha v e g o n e b e
y o nd t he sea s , t a ki ng ship a t New c a st l e w i t hi n eig ht d a y s next .

A nd s o w e p l i ght o u r fa i t h ea c h t o o t her , t a ki ng ea ch o t her b y

t he ha n d u po n t hes e poi nt s o f bro t herly a nd f ri end ly d e li ty
d u ri ng l i fe, w hich co vena nt I b es eec h G o d t o t u rn t o his ho no r,
g l or y , a n d s e r v ic,e

a n d t he com for t o f o u r br e t h r en c hi l
dren ) here in ea rt h
m m m
.

Kelly see s a t t hi s t i e t o ha ve b een u nha p p y in hi s do est i c

a a ir s , a nd t o ha v e b ee n in fea r o f a rr est , a nd he st ill t a lk e
'

d of
l ea vi ng D ees s er vic e I n a t o f a nger , a t t he b eg inning o f

m
.

J u ly , he o ff er ed t o r el ea se Dee o f his enga g e ent o f ft y p o u nd s

a ye a r , d ec l a r e d t ha t he ha t ed his o w n w i fe, a nd w is hed t o b e
aw ay All t hi s , exc ept t he w a nt o f l o v e for his w ife, w a s or e m
m
.

di s s i u l a t io n ; he did no t g o , b u t in t he next c o nfer ence w i t h

t hespi r i t u a l w or l d , he d ec l a r ed t ha t he ha d b ee n r eb u k e d fo r his
di sco nt ent
m
.

A t l eng t h , a ll pr ep a r a t io ns ha vi n g b een a d e fo r t he j ou r ne ,
y
m
Dee a nd K elly , w i t h t heir t w o w i v es a n d fa i l i es , l eft M or t l a k e
m
t o a cco p a ny Al b er t L a s k y i n t o P o l a nd , w her e t hey hop ed t o
s ha r e in t he r e
g a t for t u ne s w h ic h h a d b e en pr o m i s e d h im .Th e
co nsu l t ed t hei r s piri t s , even w hen a t s ea , a nd a p p a r ent ly w it
t he u t m o st s a t i s fa c t io n T hey l a n d ed a t t he B ri ll o n t he3ot h o f
mm
.

t he s a e o nt h, a nd proc eed ed t hro u gh H oll a nd a nd F ri es la nd

m m
t o E bd en a nd B r e en , a nd s o t o L u b eck , w her e t hey r e a ined m
m
d u ri ng t he l a t t er p a r t o f No ve b er a nd t he b eginni ng o f D ece m
b er m
O n C hri s t a s d a y t hey r ea c hed S t et t i n in P o er a nia ,
-
m
m m
.

w her e t hey r e a i ned t i ll t he idd l e o f J a nu a ry D u ri ng t heir

m
.

t r a vel s , t hey w er e fa v or ed w i t h a ny w o n d e rfu l r evel a t io ns of

ev en t s w h ic h w er e s oo n t o occ u r , m m
o st o f t he po int i ng t o t he
ex t r a ordi na r y fort u n es w h ic h a w a i t ed t h e P o l i sh pri nc e .

A t S t et t i n, o n t he 1 3t h o f J a nu a ry , t he a n g el U ri el a pp ea r ed
m
t o t he , a nd a s s u r ed t he m o f t he a ppro a c h i n
g a d v en t o f a n t i
c hri s t E a rly in F eb ru a ry , t hey r ea c hed L a s co , t he p ri nc es
.

l ord ship , a nd her e t hey b eg a n t o b e a ff ec t ed w it h d o u bt s if A l

b ert L a sk y w er e i nd eed t he d est i ned r eg ener a t or T hey see . m
t o ha veb een d ec ei v ed a s t o hi s ric hes a n d po w er , a nd it w a s t e
ve a le m
d t o t he t h a t o n a cc o u nt o f his fa u l t s he ha d b een in pa r;
r ej ec t ed , b u t t ha t he w ou l d event u a lly obt a i n t he k i ng do o f m
M ol d a vi a . Dee w a s no w di r ec t ed b y t he s piri t s t o l ea v e L a s co ,
a nd t a k e u h i s r es id e n c e a t Cr a c o w T h i t h e r cc o rdi n l y t he y
p a
g
m
.

al l r e p a ir ed t o w a rd t he idd l e o f t he M a rc h o f 1 5 84 , a nd t hey
 QUA RRE L S or DEE A ND KE LL Y . 1 51

r mi
e a ned t he i ll t he en d o f Ju ly D u ri ng t his p eri od t he
re t

do u bt s r el a t i ng t o L a sk y p r od u c ed a n a l m
.

o s t d a i ly a pp ea l t o t he
s p iri t s S om et i m es t he P o l i sh pri nc e s eem ed r es t or ed t o fa vor
a t o t h er t i m
.
,

es he w a s in di s cr edi t u nt i l a t l eng t h a ft er Dee a nd

s s fo r w a nt o f m
, ,

hi s p a rt y ha d b een r edu c ed t o g r ea t di st r e o ney ,

L a s k y s n a l rej ec t io n w a s a nno u nc ed a nd Dee w a s s ent w i t h

a d i vine m ess a g e t o t he em
,

p e ror R odo l p h D e e a n d K elly w e r e

a t t he s a m e t im e dir ec t ed b y t heir spiri t s t o r em o ve fromC r a
.

co w t o P r a gu e .

D u r ing t heir r es id enc e a t C r a co w t her e w er e s ever a l v io l ent

d i s p u t es b et w een Dee a nd K elly r esu l t i ng fro mt he pr et end ed
,

d o u b t s o f t he l a t t er a s t o t he c ha r a c t er o f t he s piri t s w i t h w ho m
,

t h ey c o n v er s ed T he obj ec t o f t hes e do u b t s w a s ev id ent ly t o

d r a g Dee m
.

or e ent ir ely i nt o K elly s po w er b y p r a c t i s i ng u po n

,

h is c red u l i t y O n t he 2 3d o f M a y Dee ha s no t ed t ha t t her e

ha pp ened a g r ea t s t or mor t em
.
,

pt a t io n t o E d w a rd K elly o f do u b t
in g a n d m i s l iki ng o u r i nst ru c t or s a n d t heir doi ng s a nd o f con
t em ni ng a nd co nd em
,

ni n
g a ny t hi n
g t h a t I k n ew or co u l d do I .

b a re a ll t hi ng s p a t i ent ly fo r G o d his sa k e W hen K elly p r o

.

c eed ed t o co nsu l t t he s piri t s h e w a s r e , b u k ed fo r his do u b t s .

Nex t d a y t hes e dou b t s r et u rned a nd he refu s ed t o co nt i nu e his

p er for m B u t o n t he 2 8 t h o f M a y he p er for m
, ,

a nc e s . ed t he o f c e
,

o f sk r y e r a g a i n a nd w a s fu rt her r eb u k ed fo r his di sb el i ef A t
, .

t h e b eg i nning o f J u n e K elly i s r epr es ent ed a s b ei n g ent ir ely

rt ed fro mh is evi l t ho u g ht s yet a bo u t a fo r t ni g ht a ft er w a rd
,

c o nv e

w e nd h i ma g a i n in m
g r eat te p t a t io n w h ic h w a s fo l l o w e
,
d
b v a no t her d ec l a r a t io n o f p en i t en c e
A t P ra gu e t he vi s io ns o f po l i t ic a l c ha n g es in t hew orl d b ec a m
.

e
aga i n m or e fr eq u ent a nd v i v id ; b u t t ho u gh Dee w a s r ec ei v ed
a t t he i m
,

p eri a l cou rt w i t h r es p ec t a s a p hi l o s op her o f r epu t a t ion

he a p pea r s t o ha ve b een r eg a rd ed o nly a s a v i s io na ry dr ea m
,

er
in r es p ec t o f his pr et end ed m i s s io n A t t hi s p eriod hi nt s w er e
.
,

no w a nd t he n t hro w n o u t b y t h e s piri t s o f D ees o w n u n w o r t hi

nes s b ec a u s e he w a s no t a l w a y s su f ci ent ly cr edu l ou s a nd

o b edi ent a nd d enu nci a t io ns w er e prono u nc ed a g a i ns t t he em
,

p o r er
D u ri ng t he t i m
.

e o f w hic h w e a r e no w sp ea ki ng Deea nd his ,

par t y w er e of t en in g r ea t po v ert y a nd w e a r et her efo r e no t su r

,
,

pr ised a t t he a n xi et y he fr equ ent ly evi nc ed t o ob t a i n t he k no w l

edg e o f t he phi l o sop her s st o ne w hic h w a s no w a g r ea t obj ec t

,

of t heir s e a rc h A cc ordi ng t o a s t o ry p r es er ved b y L i lly K elly

chea t ed his m
.
,

a st e r o f t h i s k no w l ed g e a nd a ppropri a t ed t he d is
o him a t t hi s t i m
,

cov e r
y t se l f F r eq u e n
. t q u a rr e l s occ u rr e d e b e
1 52 S O R C ER Y A ND M AGIC .

t w een Dee a nd K elly ,

a nd t he doc t or a pp ea r s to ha v eb een a fr a id
of lo s i ng his a ss i s t a nt .

I n t he M a y o f 1 5 86 , t he bi shop f Pl a c enza , w ho w a s r es idi ng

o

in A u st ri a a s a po s t o l ic a l nu ncio , proc u r ed fro m

t he e p eror a n m
m
o rd er forbidd in g Deet o r e a i n a ny l o ng er i n h is do m
i nio ns u pon
w hic h he w ent t o Er fu r d t , a nd b ei ng i ll r ec ei ved t her e, pro c eed
-

ed t o C a s s el . Dee a pp ea r s t o ha v e ha rbor ed a t t hi s t i e t he m
p roj ec t o f g oi ng t o I t a ly , b u t he w a s d et err ed by t he i nt el l i g enc e
t ha t he ha d b een a cc u s ed a t R o m
e o f her es y a nd a ic
g m I n t h e
m m m
.

au t u n o f 1 5 8 6 , K elly l eft Dee fo r a t i e t o r ep a ir t o B o h e i a ;

a nd w he m
n t he e p er o r s o rd er s a g a i n s t t he co nj u r er s a pp ea r t o

h a v e b een r el a x ed , Dee fo ll o w ed hi m I n 1 5 87 , t h ey w ere a t

m
.

t h e c a s t l e o f T r ebo n e, i n B o he i a , a g a i n co n s u l t i n g t he s piri t s ,
b u t w i t h l ess s a t i s fa c t io n t ha n ever I n t he A pr il o f t he y ea r
m m m
.

l a st ent ion ed , K elly a pp ea r s t o ha ve a d eu p his in d t o r es i gn

his o f c e o f s kry e r , a nd t hey proc eed ed t o i n i t i a t e D ees so n,

m
A rt hu r , i nt o t he y st ery , b u t a s it w o u l d s ee w i t ho u t m m
u ch

su cc e ss

m
.

S o fa r , Dr Dee a pp ea r s t o ha ve b een t he er e t oo l o f K elly s

m m
.

a bi t ion , a nd n o w t ha t t her e s ee ed t o b e n o l ong er hop es o f

su cc e s s in t he

ir d es i g ns , t he s kry er d et er i ned t o l ea v e him m
m
.

H e pr ep a r ed , ho w ev er , o n e l a st t ri a l fo r his a s t er s cr e d u l it y

m
.

M r s J a ne Dee w a s o f t he s a e a g e a s K el l y , a nd w a s c o u s e
m
.

q u ent ly u c h y o u ng er t ha n her hu s b a nd K elly ha d o ft en p r o

.

f ess ed di sl ik e t o his o w n w i fe, b u t he a pp ea r s t o ha ve ha d o t her

m
f eel i ngs t o w a rd t he w i fe o f hi s e p l o y er O n t h e 1 8t h o f A pri l ,
m
.

1 5 8 7 , w hi l e t hey w er e s t i ll a t T r ebo n e, in B o h e i a , a r ev el a t ion

w as m a d e in t h e l a s s t o t heeff ec t t ha t it w a s G o d s pl ea s u r e t he
g

t w o p hi l o s op h er s s ho u l d ha v e a co mm u n i t y o f w i ve s Dee w a s
m
.

s hoc k ed , a nd K e lly pro fes s ed t he u t o st a bhorrenc e t o t hat doc

t ri ne, y et t he r ev el a t io n s w er e r ep ea t ed ; t hey w er e t o l d t ha t s in
w a s b u t a r el a t i v e t hi ng , a nd co u l d n o t b e b a d if o rd er ed o r a l
l o w ed by G o d , w i t h o t her doc t r i nes o f t he a na b a pt i st s o f t ho s e
d a y s , a nd o f t hes oci a l i s t s o f t he pr es ent ; a nd na lly , t hey op ened
t he s ecr et t o t hei r w i v es , a n d ob ta i ned t heir co n c u r r en c e, t ho u h
g
n o t w i t ho u t s o m
e r el u c t a n c e Dee ha s no t ed in t he jo u rn a l o f
.

his pro c eedi ng s , T ha t o n S u nd a y , t he 3d o f M a y , a nn o , 1 5 87

h a cco u n t , I , Jo h n De
( b y t e n ew ) e E d w a r d K e lly a nd o u r t w o
m
, ,

w i v es , co vena nt ed w i t h G o d , a nd s u b s c r i b ed t he s a e, fo r i nd is
s o l u b l e a nd i nvi ol a b l e u ni t i es , c ha r i t y , a nd fri end s h ip k ee i n
p g,
b et w een u s fo u r , a n d a ll t hi ng s b et w een u s t o b e co mm
on , a s
m
G od by s u ndry ea n s w i ll ed u s t o do

m m
.

D u ri ng t he r e a i nd er o f t hi s y ea r , ha v i ng ob t a i ned o ney for

 KELL Y S DE AT H

.
1 53

t hei r n ec es s i t i es , t hey w e e occ ur pi ed in a l c hem ic a l l a bor s w hic h

Kel ly a pp ea rs t o ha ve p u r s u ed w i t h m
,

u c h z ea l d u r i n t h eir l o n
g g
res id enc e a t T r ebo ne w h er e t hey ha d s ev er a l q u a rr el s a nd
w h er e a s fa r w e ca n g a t h er fr o ms o m
, ,

e no t ic es in t hejo u rn a l ed
it ed b y M r H a ll i w ell t hen ew a r r a ng em
,

.
,
ent ha d g i ven ri s et o j ea l
o u s ie s b et w een t he t w o l a di e s I n 1 5 8 9 Deep r oc eed ed t o Br e
men a nd his ey es no w a p pea r t o ha ve b een t u r ned t o w a rd Eng
.
,

l a n d H is c ha r a c t er ha d b een b r a nd ed in G er m
,

. a ny a nd h e ha d ,

hea rd d u ri ng h is a b s en c e n o t on ly t ha t t he q u ee , n w a s di s p l ea s ed
a t h is d ep a rt u r e b u t t ha t h e w a s t hr ea t en e
,
d o n h is r et u r n w i t h -

pro s ec u t io n o n t he c ha rg e o f b ei ng a co nj u r er W e ha v e s een
h imw a nd er i ng a bo u t t he c ent r e o f E u rop e s o m et i m
.

es t r a v ell i ng
w i th t h e po m
,

p o f a pri nc e a nd a t o t her s p enn i l ess r eck o ni ng in

, ,

v a i n o n t he p r o t e c t i o n o f t he g r ea t a nd d ec ei v ed a nd d el u d ed by
t ho s e a b o u t hi m Di s a ppoi nt ed m
,

o r t i ed a nd di spiri t ed d es ert ed
even b y his o w n s er va nt s a nd co m
.
, , ,

a nio ns a t l en t h in t he No
p g
v em
, ,

b er o f 1 5 8 9 b e r es o l v ed t o r et u r n t o his o w n co u nt ry a nd
h e l a n d ed a t G r a v es en d o n t he 2 d o f D ec em
, ,

b er a ft er a n a b s enc e ,

o f s ix y ea r s B efo r e t he end o f t he y ea r Dee w a s a g a i n s et t l ed

.

a t M or t l a k e p u r s u i n h i s o l d s t u di e s
g
K elly w ho ha d b een k ni g ht ed i n G er m ma ined b ehi nd
.
,

a ny r e

h a v i n g a s it a pp ea r s i m p r es s ed t he em
, , ,

p er or R od o lp h w i t h t he
b el i ef t ha t he ha d p r oc eed ed s o fa r in a l c hem
, , ,

i c a l k no w l ed g e a s
t o b ea bl e t o m a k e ol d T h e e m p e r or k e p t hima b o u t h i s co u rt
g
most o f t he t i me u nd er r est r a i nt a n d s o met i mes a c t u a lly in pri s
.
,

A t l en g t h i n t he y ea r 1 5 9 3 end ea vo r i ng t o m
,

on a k e his e s

lly fell f r omt he w a ll o f his hou s e in P r a g u e

.
, ,

ca p e b y n i g ht K e , ,

a nd r ec e i ved i nj u ri es o f w hic h he di ed .

Dr Dee w a s r ec ei ved b y E l i z a b et h w i t h ki nd ness b u t he ha d

l o s t t he r esp ec t w i t h w hic h he w a s for m
.
,

er ly r eg a rd ed Hew as .

r a d u a lly n e l e c t e d a n d l eft e xpo se d t o t he i ll na t u r e o f his ene

g g
-

mi es I n 1 5 94 he w a s obl i g ed t o w ri t e a t ra c t c a ll i ng a t t ent io n
,

.
, ,

t o his w ri t i ng s a n d his di s co ver i es a nd pro t est ed a g a i ns t t heop i n ,

io n t hen g en er a lly ent er t a i ned t ha t h e w a s a co nj u r er T he

qu een a t l engt h t ook co m p a s s io n o n hima nd a ft er m
.

a ny t ro u b l e s ,

he w a s a ppoi nt ed a nd i n s t i t u t ed w a rd en o f t h e c o ll eg e a t M a n

ches t er A ft er t he l o s s o f K el l y Dee obt a i ned o t her s k ry er s
w i t h t he s pi r i t s t o t he t i m
.
, ,

a nd co nt i n u ed his a c t io ns e o f hi s
d ea t h ; t hou gh t heir r evel a t io ns ha d no w l o s t a ll t heir i m
,

a g i na

t i ve c ha r a c t er a n d co ns i s t ed c h i e y in a n s w er t o q u es t io ns a bo u t
t heft s hidd en t r ea s u r es a nd s u c h co m mo npl a c e ma t t er s Un
,

der J a m es he s t i ll r ec ei ved pro t ec t i o n fr o mt he c o u r t a l t ho u g h

.
, ,

hi s r ep u t a t io n a s a co nj u r er a nd m
, ,

a ic i a n i ncr e a se d O n t h e sth
g .
1 54 S O RC E R Y A ND MA GIC .

of Ju ne 1 604 w e nd himpres ent i ng a p et it io n t o t he k ing a t

G r een w ic h i m p l ori n g his a id a g a i nst t he i nj u ri o u s i m
, ,

, pu t a t io n o f

b ei ng a co nj u r er or c a ll er o r i nvoc a t or o f d evi l s a nd a ssu

ri ng his m a t nu m
, , ,

aj es t y t ha t no ne o f a ll t he r e b er o f t heva r i o u s
g
s t r a ng e a n d fri vo l o u s f a bl es or hi s t ori es re p ort ed a nd t ol d o f hi m

n o f his doi ng ) w er e t ru e h i s pe
.

a s t o ha ve b ee T t i t i o n 18 s a id
( , .

t o ha v e b een o neo f t he c a u s es o f a n a ct t hen p a s s ed a ga i nst p er

s o na l sl a nd er w hic h ha d a n es p eci a l r e fer enc e t o t he ca s eo f Dr
Dee B u t even t hi s did no t m
, .

end his r ep u t a t io n t ho u g h it pr o
d u ced fro mt he a g ed p hi l o s op her t he fo ll o w i ng do g ger el l i nes
.
,

w hic h sho w t ha t he w a s s t i ll l ess a p o et t ha n a co nj u r e r

TO TH E H O NO R A B L E M EM B E R S or wa s co mmn o s IN TH E
P R ES E N T PA R L IA M E N T .

h
The ono r d u eu nt o yo u a ll,
A nd r ev er ence, t o yo u ea c o ne h
I d o r st y eeld ost s pec ia ll ; m
G r a nt m m mne
e t his t i e, t o ea r e y m h o .

N w (if y
o w ill ) f ll w ell y
ou my u ou a
F w le l
o d t g e f ee t m
sc a u n r o u s e; on u s or v r a
A d h elp et he t et h t b e
n me ru o a r s so
I j t d efe e f
n us
g d m e;nc o a oo na

H a l feh u nd r ed y eer es , w h i h ha t h ha d w ro ng
c ,
h
B y fa l selig t t o ng u es a nd d iv elish ha t e;
h y
0 el p et r d et r u et h t o b eco es t r ong , m
80 God o f t r u et h w ill ble sse ou r s t a t e y .

d
I n su n r sor t s t his scl a u n er g r ea t
y d
0 f co nj u r er ) I a vesor e b l a d e; h m
( 3u t w i lfu ll, r a sh, a nd itc f u ll ea t h
D o t h no t hing ceas e t o en a d e m .

Y ou rh elp e t her ef r s o e e by w i d m l

. o o , s r ,
A nd b yo p w e g e t and su r eur o r so r a
mly r a e t h t e e mor e
, ,

I hu c v , a v r

T hellish w o d I h all e d u r e
his u n s n .

A n d s yo r a ct w it h h n r g r ea t
o u , o o ,
A l l g e w il l h e e ft e p y e;
a s r a r ra s
A nd t et h t ha t it t i h e
ru a e nl y se at s s n v

co m
, ,
W ill in lik ecase y
. f or t s t a y se , ou r .

J u ne8,

I n t hesu b s cript ion t o t hi s s i ngu l a r doc u ent , Dr Deed es cr ib es m

m m m m m
.

hi s el f a s
o

a t he a t ici a n t o his o s t ro y a l aj es t y
H edi ed .

a t M ort l a k e i n 1 608 , it is s a id in g r ea t po v er t y ; b u t he l eft he

mm m m
,

hi nd hi
'

a n y v ic t i s t o t he s a e d el u s io ns , t ho u gh few so
hesever ses, a n d D ees p et i t io n w er e r
T i

nt ed in t hesha pa o f ha nd bills 00p is

p
m m
-
.
,
of w hich a r epr eser ved in t heB r it ish u s eu .
 WILLIA M LILLY .
1 55

honest mel f O f t he e e f t he m t emrk bl e w

as hi s s on o os r a a as
S i m F orm w h h mel c holy c el ebri t y co ec t ed
.
, .

on a n, o as a an as nn
w i h he cri m
t t e f t he r ei g f J m e I d wh w
s o cc eed ed n o a s an o a s su

b y he t i ll m or e emrk b l e c h r c t er Wi ll i mL i ll y d E l i
.
,

t s r a a a a s, a an as
A hms o l e T he r t h l f f t he e e t ee t h c e t y w t he g e s a o s v n n n ur as a
f t he E g l i h mg ic i
.

o n s a a ns

f W i ll i m L i lly i
.

T he t obio g r p hyau i g l r pic t re f

a o a s a s n u a u o
t h ec red u l it y o f E ngl i shm en a t t hi s p eri o d I n his y o u n g er d a y s
h e w a s a cqu a i nt ed w i t h F or m a n o f w ho mhe ha s pr e
.

se r ved s ev ,

er a l a necd o t es a nd he a s s u r es u s t ha t he ha d s een o ne o f h is
ma g i c a l book s in w hic h w a s w ri t t en w i t h his o w n ha nd T hi s
,

I m v i l w ri t ew it h his o w n ha nd s in L a m
, ,

a d e t he d e b et h F i el d s in
1 5 96 in J u ne or J u ly a s I no w r em em
,

,
b er H i s o w n i n st ru c t o r
,
.

i n a s t ro l o gy E va n s w a s l es s fort u na t e in a n a d vent u r e w i t h t he
ev i l o n e in t he s a m e n ei ghborhood w hic h s eem
, ,

s t o ha v e b e en
S om et im
,

c el eb r a t ed a s a s c e ne o f s u c h t r a n s a c t io n s e b efo r e
I b ec a m e a cqu a i nt ed w i t h h im s a y s L i lly
. .

he t hen l i ving in
t h e M i n ori es w a s d es ir ed b y t he L o r d B o t hw el l a nd S ir K en el m
, ,

D i g b y t o sho w t hema s piri t H e pro m i s ed so t o do ; t he t i m

,

e
ca m
, .

e a nd t hey w er e a ll in t he bod y o f t he circ l e w hen 10 u pon

r so m e t im e o f i nvo c a t io n E va ns w a s t a k en fro m
, , ,

a s u dd en a ft e

o u t t he roo ma nd c a r ri e
, ,

d i nt o t he el d n ea r B a t t er s ea C a u s ew a y
c l o s e t o t he T ha m Nex t m orn i ng a co u nt ry m
, ,

es a n g o in b y t o
g
h is l a bor a nd esp y i ng a m s ca m e u nt o him
.
,

a n in b l a ck c l o t he

d hima nd a s k ed h m m
, ,

a nd a w a k e i ho w,
h e c a e t h e r e E v a ns b y
?

t hi s u n d erst ood his co ndi t io n i nq u ir ed w h er e he w a s ho w fa r

fr o mL o ndon a n d in w ha t p a ri sh he w a s ; w hic h w h en he u n
, ,

, ,

d er s t o o d he t ol d t he l a bor er he ha d b een l a t e a t B a t t er s ea t he
,

n i g ht b efo re a nd b y c ha nc e w a s l eft t her e b y h is fri en d s S ir

K enel mD igby a nd t he L ord B o t hw ell w ent ho m
.
,

e w i t hou t a ny
ha rm a n d c a m e n ex t d a y t o hea r w ha t w a s b eco m e o f him; j u s t
y in t he a ft ernoo n c a m e i n t o t he ho u s e a m es s enger c a m
,

a s t he e
fro mE va ns t o his w i fe t o co m e a nd joi n hima t B a t t ers ea
, , ,

I
i nq u ir ed u po n w ha t a ccou nt t he s piri t c a rri ed hima w a y ; w ho
, .

sa id h e ha d n o t a t t he t i m e o f i nv oc a t io n m a d e a ny s u u m ig a

, ,

t io n a t w hic h t h e s piri t s w er e v ex ed
,
.

O nen i g ht L i lly w ent a t r ea su r e hu nt i ng I t w a s in 1 6 34 t he -

yea r o f his s eco nd m m m

.
,

aj e

a rri a e D y R se h i st y s
g a v a y s

c l o ck m r ha d b een i nfor m
.
,

a ke
-
ed t ha t t her e w a s a g r ea t q u a nt i t y
d in t he c l oi s t er o f W es t m
,

o f t r ea s u r e b u ri e i ns t er A bb ey ; he a c
a n W i ll i a m
!

i n t D e s t he r ew i t h w ho w a s a l s o t hen bi sho p o f
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,

pro viso t ha t if a ny w a s d i sco vered his chu r ch sho u l d ha ve a

, ,
1 56 S O R CE R Y A ND M AGIC .

sha r e o f it D a v y R a m se y nd s ou t o ne John S cot t w ho pr e

t end ed t he u s e o f t he M o s a ic a l r o d s t o a s s i s t himher ein
. ,

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c l o ist er s u po n t he w est s id e o f t he c l oi st er s t he rod s t u rn ed o ne

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o c l ock a t ni ght I co u ld n ev er s i n c e b e i nd u c ed t o joi n w i t h

vy R a m
.

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y a s a . a s ,

b r o u ght a ha l f qu a r t er n s u ck t o p u t t het r ea su r e in
A no t her o f L i lly s m a i c i a ns w a s W i ll i a mH o d e
.

s w ho w a s

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.

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he r efr esh ed hi m l f a t a n inn in C a n t erbu r y a n d a s h e c a m
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H od g es a s b efo r e s a i d d r a w i n g a c a n o f b eer & 0 H e t h en

mor e na r r ow ly vi ew i ng her p erson a nd ha bi t fou nd her in all
, , .

,
 S AR A H S K ELH ORN . 1 57

p arts t o b e t he sa d me H od ge
e s c r ib e d a ft e r w h ic h
s h e
ha d
b e
ca m e a s u i t or u nt o her a n d w a s m a rr i e d u nt o her ; w hic h w o
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,

t im es b ei ng a v er y ho nes t p er s o n a nd m
.

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.
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m

H od g es a d vic efor r eco v ery o f h imdid a g a i n ob t a i n him S o e

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f ri end s a l u t es M r H od g es t h a nk s hi mf o r h is form
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m
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W i t h t ha t H o dg es s w o r e (a s he w a s t o o m
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end u c h g i ve n u nt o

Y o u r hors e is g o n e a nd yo u w i ll n ev er ha v e him
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w en t w h er e he l eft his ho r s e; w hen he c a m

,
.

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t h e b o y fa st a s l ee p u po n t he g r o u nd t he ho r s e g o ne t he bo y s

a r mi n t he brid l e
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T hi s bu s i nes s end ed n o t s o ; fo r t he m a l icio u s m
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.

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si n g u l a r e no u h s i n c e Dr D ees spi r i t s t o l d hi mo n o ne occ a

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'

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.

a p er f ec t s i ht a nd i nd eed t h e b es t ey es fo r t ha t p u rp o s e I e v er
g ,

e t d i d ee G n t l et book s a ft e r h e w a s d ea d w er e s o l d

y s a u s

s cho l a r H u m
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r I ha d p eru s ed t h emt o m
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,

.
e even u nt il ,

14
1 58 S O R C E R Y A ND M AGIC .

her d ea t h w i t h o ne M r s S t oc k m a n in t he I sl e o f Pu r b e ck a nd
di ed a bo u t s ix t een y ea rs s i nc e I l er m i st res s o n e t i m
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.
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e b ei ng
d es iro u s t o a cco m p a ny her m
.

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, ,

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o t he rs

n t er ed t he c h a m
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i n t heho u s e u n t i l she w a s w ea r y o f t hem T hi s S a r a h S k el

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.
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horn her c a ll u nt o t he cry s t a l b eg a n O h yeg ood a ng els o n ly a nd

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o nl 6 E ll e E v a ns d a u ht e r f u t or E v a n s he r c a ll

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u nt o t h e c ry s t a l w a s t hi s : O t u II ico l O t u M ica ] r e .
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t o v er y m
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a ny p e r s o ns t o end u r e t heir gl orio u s a s p ec t s ev en ver y

ma ny ha ve fa i l ed j u s t a t t ha t pres ent w hen t hey a r e rea dy t o
ma ni fest t hems el ves ; even p ers o ns o t her w i s e o f u nd a u nt ed sp ir
it s a nd r mr es o l u t io n a r e her ew i t h a s t o ni s hed a nd t r em ble as
it ha pp ened no t m
, ,

a ny y ea r s s i n c e w i t h u s A very sob er di s .

o rce t p er s o n o f vi rt u o u s l i fe a nd co n v er s a t io n w a s b ey o nd
mea su r e d esirou s t o s ee so met hi ng i n t hi s na t u re T he qu een
, ,

d ; a g ent l e m u rm u ri ng w i nd c a m
.

o f fa iri es w a s i nv o c a t e e rs t ;
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q u een a pp ea r i ng in a m o st i ll u st riou s g l o ry No m
,

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o u ! q u o t h t he f r i end M h r f i l I b l e e

y y .ea t a s ; a n o t a t o n
d u r e l o ng er No r w a s he his b l a ck c u r l i ng ha ir ro s e u p a nd

I b el i ev e a b u ll ru sh w o u l d ha veb ea t himt o t heg rou nd he w a s

.
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s o u nd ly l a u h e
g d a t & c S i r R ob er t H o l b o rn k ni ht
g br o u g h t
o n e u nt o m e Gl a d w ell o f S u ff o l k w ho ha d for m
, .
, ,

er ly h a d s ig ht
r en c e w i t h U ri el a nd R a pha el b u t l o st t hemb o t h by
, ,

a n d co nfe

c a r el es s ness ; so t ha t nei t her o f t hemb o t h w o u l d b u t very r a r ely

,

a pp ea r a nd t he n pr es en t ly b e o ne r es o l v i ng no t h i n H e
g g
w o u l d ha v e g i v en m e t w o hu nd r ed po u nd s t o ha v e a s s i st ed him
, , .

fo r t h ei r r ec o ver y b u t I a m no s u c h m an T ho s e g l o r iou s
cr ea t u r es if w ell co m ma nd ed a nd w ell ob s erved do t ea ch t he
, .

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.
 DEE S B OO K P UB LIS H ED

. 1 59

Nea t n es s a nd cl ea nl i nes s in a pp a rel a st ric t di et a nd u pr i ght

l ife f er v ent pr a y ers u n t o G od co n d u c e m
, ,

, ,u c h t o t he a s s i st a n c e .

of t ho s e w ho e c u riou s t hes e w a y s
ar

m
.

T h e d el u s io n o f t hi s br a n c h o f s u p er s t i t io n , w hic h or e es
p e c i a l ly a ff ec t ed t he m i n d s o f t he l ea r ne d , nei t her hel d it s s w a y

so l o n g n o r p r ev a i l e d so g enera lly a s t he b el i ef in w i t chcra ft I t

m
.

se e ed l i k e a v i s i t a t io n o f P ro vid enc e t o s ho w t ha t t he bo a st ed
int ell ec t o f m an w as b u t fr a i l t y , a nd t ha t even t he w i s est w er e
so m m m m
et i es l i a b l e t o s t u bl e W e u st no t fo r g et t ha t i n 1 55 9
.

t he l ea r n ed s c ho l a r M er ic C a s a u b a n , w ho w a s a b el i ev er i n
m a n y o f t he se w o nd e rs , t ho u ght t he r a vi n g s o f Dee a n d K elly
w o r t h y o f p u b l ic a t io n , a n d t ha t a n u m m
er o u s i p r es s io n o f t ha t
st r a n g e b o ok w a s q u ick ly bo u g ht u p m
The c o n t e po r a r y p o s
m
.

se ss o r o f a C op y n o w in t h e B ri t i s h M u s e u w ho ha d s t u di ed it
m
,

a nd l o a d ed it w i t h a nu s crip t no t es , ha s l eft t he fo ll o w i n no t e
g
a m o n g o t he mm
r e ora nd a a t t he co mm enc e ent : m
I r e e b er mm
w el l w h en t hi s book w a s r st p u b l i s hed , t ha t t he t hen p er s o ns
m m
w ho hel d t h e g o v er n ent ha d a s o l e n co ns u l t u po n t he s u p
pr es s i n g it , a s l ooki ng u po n it a s p u bl i shed by t hec hu r c h o f Eng
l a nd m m
en in r ep r o a c h o f t he w ho t hen p r et end ed s o m
u ch t o

ins p ir a t io n : a n d G ood w yn , O w en , a nd Nye, & c , w er e gr ea t .

s t ic k l er s a g a i ns t i t , b u t it w a s so q u ick ly p u b l i s h ed a n d s pr e a d,

a nd s o ea g erly bou g ht u p a s b ei n g a g r e a t a nd c u rio u s no ve lt y,

t ha t it w a s b ey o nd t heyr p o w er t o su p p r es s eit .

C H A P T E R X III .

THE W I T C H ES OF W A R BO Y S .

I N t h e l o w grou nd s o f t he co u nt y o f H u nt i n g do n , on t he ro a d
m
b et w een H u nt ing d o n a nd R a s ey , a nd a bo u t fo u r i l es fro

m m t he
la t t er t o w n, s t a nd s t he vi ll a g e o f W a r boy s I t is a co ns id er a bl e
.

vil l a e, co ns i s t i n
g g o f d et a c h ed h o u s es b u i l t p a r t ly ro u n d t h e v il
l a g e g r een , a nd p a rt ly ru nni ng in a l i ne fro t he g r een t o t hem
chu r c h . O ne o f t he b es t hou s es in t he p l a c e, w hi c h w a s t hen
ca l l e d a t o w n, w a s occ u pi ed in t he l a t t er p a r t o f t he r ei gn o f
m
Q u een E l i z a b et h b y R ob ert T hr o g o r t o n , Esq , a g ent l e a n o f m
m m m
.

r es ec t a bi l i t y , w ho l i ved o n t er s o f i nt i a c y w i t h t h e Cr o
p
m
W el l s o f H inchi nb r o o k a n d R a s ey S ir H enry Cr o w ell , m
g r a n df a t her b y hi s r st w if e o f t h e p ro t e c t or O l i ver , w a s a t t h i s
1 60 S O R C E R Y A ND M AGIC .

t ime l ord of r
t he mn
a nd w i t h t h e o t her
a o
g e n t r y o f t h e n e igh
T he fa m i l y o f R o b ert T hr o g m d o f hi m
,

b o r ho o d o r t o n c o ns i s t e

S el f a nd h is w i fe li v e d a u g ht er s o f w ho mt h e e
.

l d est J o a n w as
ft een yea rs o f a g e t he o t her s b ein g n a m
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ed s ev er a lly J a ne
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I t w a s a bo u t t he 1 0t h o f No vem
.

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, ,

, ,

t a ck ed w i t h s t r a n g e co n vu l s i v e t s w i t h w hic h s he w a s s ei ze d
s ev er a l t i m
,

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v er y l i t t l e i nt er m i s si o n A m
,

on
g t he v ill a e
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g
fa m i l y o f t he n a m eof Sam w ell o r S a m
.

u e l (a s it is s p ell ed in
t he p r i nt ed r ec o r d o f t ho s e t r a n s a c t i o n s ) co ns i s t i n g o f a m
,

a n a nd ,

h is w i fe a nd t hei r g r o w n u p d a u g ht er A g nes w ho s e co t t a ge -

s t o o d n ex t t o t ha t o f R o b er t Thr o g m
, ,

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ha bi t o f v i i t i ng t he ho u s e t o s eek em pl o y m
,

s ent or t he c ha r i t a bl e
ho s pi t a l i t y w hi ch t he p o o r u su a lly fo u nd in t he ki t c hens o r ha ll s
o f t hei r b e t t er s O ne d a y s o o n a ft er t he i ll n es s o f J a n e T hr og
mo rt o n M o t her S a mw ell a s t he o l d w oma n w a s popu l a rly ca lled
.
,

ca m e i nt o t he ho u s e a nd s ea t ed her s el f a cc o rdi ng t o c u s t o min

, , ,

t he c hi m ney c o r n er b y t he s id e o f a w o m a n w ho w a s hol di n in
g
her a r m m
,

s t he c hi l d w hic h w a s u st r e co ve ri f ro o ne o f it s

j , n g
t s a n d it n o s o o n er s a w her t ha n it b eg a n t o c r y o u t p oi nt ing t o
M o t her S a m l Did yo u ever s eeo nem
, ,

u e orel ik e a w i t c h t ha n she
T a k eo ff her b l a c k t hr u m
,

is b ed c a p fo r I ca n no t a bid et o l ook ,

a t her L i t t l e a t t en t i o n w a s p a id t o t hes e exp r essio ns a t t he

t im e exc ep t t ha t t he m o t her o f t he c hi l d r ebu k ed it for it s c ro ss
w o a ft er a s t hey fo u n d no a b a t em
,

ne s s ; a nd a d a or t ent o f t he
y
c hi l d s m y s ent t o C a m
,

a l a d y t he b r id g e t o co nsu l t D r B a r ro w a

c el eb r a t ed phy s i c i a n t her e b u t neit her he n o r a no t her m

,
.
,

edic al
ma n n a med B u t l er c o u l d di s co v er a ny di s ea se in t he c hi ld
,

T hi ng s w ent o n in t hi s m r for a bo u t a m
.
, ,

a nn e ont h w hen t wo ,

o t her d a u ght er s r esp ec t i vely o f t he a g e o f a bo u t t w el ve a nd t hir

t een w er e a t t a ck ed w i t h s i m
,

i l a r t s a nd t hey a l s o cri ed o u t on
M o t her S a m
, ,

w ell

T a k e her a w a y ! l o o k w here she st a nd et h
t her e b efo r e u s in a bl a ck t h r u m b ed ca p t hi s w a s her u u al
,

h ea d d r es s t ho u g h it a pp ea r s t ha t she did no t w ea r it o n t he pres

-
,

en t occ a sio n I t is s he t ha t ha t h b ew i t c hed u s a nd s he w ill ,

k i ll u s i f yo u d o n t t a k e her a w a y ! T he p a r ent s no w for t he

r s t t im e b eg a n t o s u s p ec t t h a t t hei r c hi l dren w ere b ew i t c hed a ,

s u s pici o n w h ic h it a pp e a r s ha d a l r ea d y b e en h a r bor ed b y t he
d o c t o r s t ho u g h t hey ha d co n c ea l ed it ; a n d I t w a s i ncr ea s ed w hen
a m
, ,

o n t h l a t er t he yo u ng est d a u ght er w ho w a s a bo u t nine year s

, ,
 THE WIT C HES or W A RB OYS . 161

o f a ge, w a s s ei z e w t h t hes a d i me t
c r i ed a l s o u pon M o t her s , a nd

Sa m w el l A bou t t hes a met i me t heel d est d a u ght er Jo a n T hr o g

mo r t o n w a s a t t a ck ed in t he s a me ma nner a nd l ik e t he o t her s
.
, ,
'

r S a mw ell
, , ,

c ri ed a ft er M o t he

Jo a n T hr o g m re m u ch m
.

o r ton s t s w e o revi o l e n t t h a n t ho s eo f

t h e y o u ng er c hi l d r en a nd w hi l e s u ff eri ng fro m t hemh er m i nd

med t o w a n d er she s a id s t r a ng e t hi ng s a nd a pp ea r ed t o hol d
,

s ee

co n v er s e w i t h s o m
, ,

e p er so n o r t hi n g w h ic h w a s no t v i s ib l e
Am
.

on o t he r t h i n h e d ec l r ed t ha t t h e s pi r i t t o l d he t h t
g g s s a , r a

t w el v e p er s o n s w o u l d b e b ew i t c hed in t h e ho u s e a ll t hr o u g h t he
a en c y o f M o t her S a m a nd s h e n a m
,

g w e ll ed t h e o t h e r s ev en w ho

w er e a ll M r s T hr o g m
, ,

or t o n s se r va nt s A cco rdi ngly t he s er

re s oo n a ft er a t t a c k ed in t he s a m em
. .
,

v a nt s w e a nn er a nd c a ll ed

l i k ew i s e o n M o t her S a m
,

w ell a s t h eir p er s ec u t o r s a yi n g : T a ke
h er a w a y m
,

i s t r es s ! fo r G o d s s a k e t a k e her a w a y a n d bu rn
,

, ,

her ! fo r s h e w i ll ki ll u s a ll if yo u l et her a l o n e! T he s er va n t s
soo n le ft t hei r p l a c es a n d no s o o n er ha d t hey do n et hi s t ha n t h ey

w er e p er fec t ly w ell a n d r em d so w hi l e t ho s e w ho c a m
,

a i ne e ia
t o t hei r p l a c es w er e i m medi a t ely expo s ed t o t he sa me a t t a ck s
, ,

I t w a s ob s er v a b l eo f t hema ll t ha t w hen t hey w er eo u t o f t heir

.

t s t hey w er e t o t a lly u nco ns cio u s o f everyt hi n g t hey h a d s a id

, .

O n S t V a l ent i nes ev e t he t hi r t eent h o f F eb r u a r y 1 5 9 0 R ob

er t T hr o g m
.
, , ,

o r t on w a s vi s i t e d by hi s b r o t her in l a w G i l b ert P ick - -

eri ng Es q o f T it chm a r ch r ov e i n No r t ha m
,

p t o nshi r e w ho fo u n d
, .
, g , ,

t h e c hi l d r en t o a ll a pp ea r a n ce i n p er fec t hea l t h H e ha d ho w .
,

ev er hea rd o f t heir co ndi t io n a nd l ea r ni ng o n his a rr i v a l t ha t

so m e o f t he fr i end s o f t he T hr o g m
, ,

or t o ns w er e g o n e t o fet c h

M o t her S a m w ell t o t he ho u s e a t ! ndi ng t ha t t hey ha d b een

l o ng w i t h her he co nc l u d ed t h a t she w o u l d no t co m
,

e t ho u gh
s h e h a d pro m i s ed t ha t s he w o u l d co m e a nd s ee t hemw hen ever
, ,

t h eir p a r ent s s ho u l d s end fo r h er ; a n d t ha t s h e w o u l d v ent u r eu p

t o h er c hi n in w a t er a nd l o s e s o m eo f her b es t b l o o d t o d o t h em
B u t no w her m i nd it s eem
, ,

a s er v ic e . ed w a s a l t er ed b ec a u s e
, , , ,

a s s h e s a id a ll t he c hi l d r en c r i ed o u t o f he r a nd s a id t ha t s he

h a d b ew i t c hed t hem a n d she a l s o fea r ed t ha t t he co m mo n p r a c

, ,

t i c e o f s c r a t c hi n w o l d b e e d p o n he w h ic h in d eed w as
g u u s u r , ,

i nt end ed Bu t bo t h her p a r ent s a nd M r Pic k er iu g ha d t a k en

. .

a d vi c e o f g ood di v i nes o f t he u nl a w fu lnes s o f it W her efo re

M r P ick er i ng w ent t o M o t her S a m
.

w el l s ho u s e bo t h t o s ee a nd

.
, ,

t o p er su a d e h er t ha t i f s he w a s a ny c a u s e o f t h e c hi l d r en s t r o u

b le t o a m W hen he c a m
,

, end it . et o t h eho u s e he fo u nd t her e M r , .

Whi t t l e M r s A u d l ey a nd o t hers end ea vo r i n g t o p er su a d e her

, .
, , ,

b u t s he r efu s ed it ; w her eu p o n M r P ick er i ng t o l d her t ha t heha d .

"
14
1 62 S O R C E R Y A ND M AGIC .

au t h ori ty t o bri ng her a nd if shew ou l d no t go w ill in l y hew ou l d

co m
, ,

p el her w hic h he a ccordi n g ly did a l o ng w it h er d a u ght er

, ,

A g nes a nd o n eC ic ely B u rd er w ho w erea ll s u s p ec t ed t o b ew it ch

es o r i n co n fed er a c y w i t h M o t her S a m
, ,

w ell A s t hey w er ego i ng

t o M r T hr o g m
, .

o r t o n s ho u s e M r W hi t t l e a nd M r s A u dl ey a nd

rs g oi n g o n b efore M o t her S a m w ell A gnes S a m

.
, . .
,

o t he w el l a nd
C ic ely Bu rd er i n t hem
, , ,

iddl e a nd M r P ick eri n g b ehin d M r Pick

ri ng p erc ei ved t ha t Mot her S a m
, , .
, .

w ell w o u l d ha vet a l k ed w i t h her

d a u ght er A gnes if he ha d no t fo ll o w ed so c l o s e t ha t t hey cou l d
h a v e n o O ppor t u n i t y a nd w hen t hey c a m e t o M r Thr o g m
,

or t on s

d oor M ot her S a m w ell m

.

a d ea co u rt e s y t o M r P ic k e ri ng o ff er ing
h imt o g o in b efo r eher t ha t sh em
, .
,

i ght ha v ea n opport u nit y t o con

,

f er w i t h her d a u ght er in t heent r y b u t he r efu s ed ; a l s o sh et hr u st ,

.

her hea d a s n ea r a s she co u l d t o her d a u g ht er s hea d a nd s a id

,

t hes e w ord s : I c ha r g e t hee do no t co nfes s a nyt hi ng

Mr

P ick er i ng b ei ng b ehi nd t hem a nd p erc ei vi ng it t hru st b ig head

. .
,

, , ,

a s n ea r a s he c o u l d b e t w ix t t heir s w hi l s t t he w ord s w er e s p ea k
i n g a nd h ea ri ng t hempr es en t ly r epl i ed t o o l d M o t her S a m
,

, w ell , ,

D o s t t ho u c ha rg e t hy d a u ght er no t t o con fess ? T o w hi ch she

a ns w e r ed I s a id no t so b u t c ha rg ed her t o ha st en ho m e t o get
her fa t her hi s d m
, ,

ner \Vhils t t h es e w ord s w ere s p ea ki ng M r

.

, .

W hi t t l e M r s Au dl ey a nd t he r es t w ent i nt o t he ho u se a nd
,
.
, , ,

t h r ee o f t h e c hi l d r en s t ood in t he ha ll b y t he r e p er fect ly w ell ;

b u t no s oo n er ha d M o t her S a m
,

w ell en t er ed t he ha ll b u t t hes e
t hr ee c hi l d r en fell do w n a t o n e m om
,

ent o n t he g r ou nd st ra ng ely
t or m
,

ent ed so t ha t if t h ey ha d b een l et a l o ne t hey w ou l d ha ve

, ,

l ea ped a nd spru ng a bo u t l ik e a s h n ew ly t a k en o u t o f t hew a t er

t h ei r b ell i es l i ft i n g u p a nd t h ir hea d a n d h eel s s t i ll r em
,

a i ni n
g
am
,

o n t he r o u nd
g \V h e n M o t he r S w e ll w a s bro u g ht t o t h e c hi l

d r en t hey w er e v io l ent in t heir a t t em

.

, pt s t o s cr a t c h her w hi ch .

w a s r eg a r d ed a s a s u r e s i n o f her b ei n a w it ch
g g
T he nex t d a y M r P i c k er i ng t ook E l i z a b et h Thr o g m
.

o r t on

ho m e w i t h himt o T it chm r e she r em

, .

a r c h G r o v e w he a i ne d t ill
t he ei g ht h o f S ep t em
,

b er fo ll o w i ng a l w a y s t r o u bl ed w i t h her d is
ord er w h ich a t t a ck ed her in a v a ri et y o f w a y s S o m et i m
,

, es t he .

r ea di ng o f a ny t hi ng s piri t u a l o r ev en s a y i ng g r a c ea t t a bl e t hr ew
her i nt o a t i m medi a t ely ; so met i mes she w ou l d b e in a st a t eof
, ,

i ns ens ibi l i t y exc ep t t o o ne t hi ng o n w h ic h she w a s occ u pi ed ;

som et i m es a p a rt ic u l a r g a m e a l on e k ep t her t r a nqu i l ; a t o t her
t im es she w a s fo r a l o ng p eriod i n vio l ent hy s t er ic s a n d t hen she
w o u l d cr y o u t a g a in s t M o t her S a m
,

w ell O n t he 2 d o f M a rch
r a rri va l a t T i t chm re m
.
,

a ft er he a r ch G r o v e a l l he r ts w e er ry , ,

f u ll o f exc eedi ng l a u g ht er a nd s o hea r t y a nd exc es s i ve t ha t if , ,

 THE W IT C HE S O F W ARB OYS . 1 63

she ha d m
b een a w a k e, she w ou l d ha ve b een a sha ed o f b ei ng so
mm
fu l l o f t r i i ng t o y s , a nd s o e erry j est s o f her o w n m ak in ,
g
w h i c h w o u l d o c c a s io n her s el f, a s w ell a s t h es t a nd cr s b y, t o l a u gh
-

at t he m . I n t hi s t she c ho s e on e o f her u nc l es t o g o t o c a r d s
w i t h h er ; a n d d es iri ng t o s eet he en d o f it , t hey pl a y ed t o g e t her.

Soo n a ft er , t her e w a s a book b r o u g ht a nd l a id b efore her , u pon

w hi ch s he t hr ew her s el f b a ck w a rd ; b u t t ha t b ei ng t a k en a w a y ,
she p r es e nt ly r eco v er ed a nd p l a y ed a g a i n w hic h w a s o ft en t r i ed ,
a nd fo u nd t ru e A s she t hu s pl a y ed a t c a rd s , her ey es w er e
m
.
\

al o s t s hu t , s o t ha t she sa w t h e c a r d s , a n d n o t hi n el s e; k new
g
h e r u n c l e a nd n obod y el s e ; s he h ea rd a n d a n s w m
er ed hi , a nd
m
,

no o t h er p er so n ; she p erc ei v ed w hen hep l a y ed fou l o r s t o l efro

m
her eit her cou nt ers or c a rd s , b u t a no t her i g ht s t ea l t he o u t o f m
her h a n d s w i t ho u t her s eei n g o r feel i ng o f t he m mm
S o et i es
m mm
.

shew o u l d chid e a n o t he r w ho she did s eea nd hea r ; s o et i es

a l it t l e chil d , b u t ne v er a bo ve o ne in a t T h e ft h o f M a r c h
m m
.

she fel l i nt o a t in t h e o r ni ng , a nd l o ng ed t o go ho e t o her

fa t her s
T he s ix t h, o n eo f her fa t her s m
m
en c a e o v er t o T i t c h
m m
.

a r c h G ro v e, w ho s he ha d o ft e n c a ll ed i n her t t o c a r r y her
t o W a r bo y s t o her fa t her s , s a y i n g , if s he w er e b u t ha l f w a y, sh e

k new t ha t s he sho u l d b e w ell . T o t r y t hi s , t hey c a rri ed her

t o w a r d W a rbo y s o n hor s eb a ck ; a nd b ei ng s c a rc e g o n e a b o w
sho t , b y a p o nd s id e, she a w a k e d , w o nd er ing w her e she w a s not ,

k no w i ng a ny t hi ng , b u t n o s oo ner t he ho r s es hea d w a s t u rned

b a ck , b u t she fell i nt o h er t a g a i n ; a nd fo r t hr ee d a y s a ft er , a n d
no l o n g er , a s o ft en a s she w a s c a rri ed t o t he po nd , s h e a w a k ed ,
a nd w a s w e ll ; b u t a s s oo n a s she t u r n ed b a ck a g a i n , h er t r e
t u r n ed. The ei g ht h d a y o f M a rc h she ha d a new a n t ic t rick ;
fo r she w o u l d g o w ell eno u gh t hr ee st ep s , b u t t het hi rd s hedo w n
r i ght ha l t ed , g i v i ng a heck w i t h her hea d a s lo w a s h er k nees
a nd a s she w a s s i t t i ng b y t h e r e, s h e w o u l d su d d enl y s t a r t u ,
p
u p , s a yi n g she w o u l d g o t o W a rbo y s ; b u t s he w a s st opp ed a t t he
d oo r , w hen g oi ng ou t , w i t h a n o d she h it her fo r ehea d a g a i n st
t he l a t c h, w hic h r a i s ed a l u m p a s b ig a s a w a l nu t ; a n d b eing
c a r r i ed t o t h e p o nd , a nd t her e a w a ki ng , she a s k e d ho w she c a e m
t o b e hu rt T her e s hecont i nu ed a ll d a y w ell , pl a y i n g w i t h o t her
m
.

chil dr e n a t bo w l s or so e o t her s por t , fo r t h e fo o l i s her s por t

m m
,

s he a d e u s e o f , t h e l ess s he w a s t o r ent ed w i t h t he s pi ri t ; b u t
a s so o n a s a ny m m m
o t io n w a s a d e o f c o i ng i nt o t he ho u s e, t he
t r es ent ly t ook her , so t ha t fo r t w el v e d a y s s h e w a s n ev er o u t
of er t w i t hi n doo r s , ea t i ng a n d d r inki n g in it , b u t nei t her s ee
ing , hea ri ng , nor u nd er st a n di ng , a n d w i t ho u t mm e ory o f s p ea k
ing ) ,
1 64 S O R C E R Y A ND M AGIC .

Abo u t t he m idd l e o f M a r ch 1 5 90 t he C rom we l l fa m il y r esi

d i n g a t t hi s t i m e at Ra m L a d y C ro m w ell c a m
, , ,

s ey e w i t h her
d a u g ht er i n l a w M r s Cr o m
,

w ell ( w i fe o f S ir H enry s s o n Oli

- -

o n a v i s i t t o t h e T hr o g m w as m
,
.
,

S h e u c h a ff ect e d
v er
) o r t o ns at

t he s u ff er i n g s o f t he c hi l dr en a nd s en t fo r M o t her S a m
.
,

we ll
w ho ms he c ha r g ed w i t h b ei n g t he c a u s e o f t hem u s i n g t hr ea t
.
, ,

M o t her S a m
,

en ing w o r d s t o w a r d her w ell d eni ed a ll d ecl a ri ng

t ha t t he T hr o g m am
.
,

o r t o n s d id h er w r o n a nd t ha t t he y b l e d h e r
g
w i t ho u t c a u s e; t o w hic h L a d y Cr o m
,

w ell r ep l i ed t ha t nei t he r
M r T hro g m o r t o n n o r his w i fe a cc u s ed her b u t t he chi l dren
t hem i r t s o r r a t her t he s pi r i t w i t hi n t h em A
.
,

s el ves in t h e

d i v i ne n a m
.
,

ed Dr H a ll w a s p r es ent a n d he a nd t he l a d y w i shed
t o ex a m i ne t he a c c u s ed m
.
,

ore c l o sel y b u t she r efu s ed When , .

t he l a d y fo u nd t ha t n ei t her s he no r a nybo d y el s e co u l d p r ev a i l
.
,

a n d t ha t s he w a nt e d t o b e g o n e she s u d d enly p u ll ed o ff her k er ,

c her a nd w i t h a p a i r o f s c i ss o r s cu t o ff a l o ck o f h er ha ir a nd
o m
, ,

g a v e i t p r i va t e l y t o M rs T h r g o r t o n w it h he r h a i r l a c e de s i -

r i ng her t o bu r n t hem T hi s w a s a n a pp ro v ed a nt idot e a ga i nst

.
,

M o t her S a m
.

w i t c hc r a ft w ell nd i n g her s el f s o s e r v ed s po ke
M d a m hy do y o u u s e m
, ,
.

t hu s t o t he l a d y a w e ust h ? I n ever did

o u a ny h a r ma s y et m m
.
,

T h s e w ord s w er e a ft er w a rd r e e b e

y e r
ed t ho u g h no t t a k en no t i c e o f a t t h a t t i m
.

e
L a dy Cro m w ell r et u r ned t o R a m y t he s a m
.
,

se e da y a n d t ha t
n i g ht m y L a d y Cr o m w ell w a s s u dd enly t r o u bl ed i n a dr ea m
,

a bou t

M o t her S a m w ell ; a nd a s sh e i m a g i ned w a s m ig ht i ly di st u rb ed

in her s l eep by a c a t w hic h M o t h er S a m w ell ha d s ent her w hic h
o ff er ed t o pl u ck o ff t he s ki n a nd es h o f her b o nes a n d a r m
,

s .

T he s t r u g g l e b et w ix t t he c a t a n d t he l a d y w a s so gr ea t in her
b ed t ha t ni g ht a n d s he m a d e s o t er r ibl e a noi s e t ha t she w a k e d
h er b ed fell o w M r s Cr o m u s b a nd s w er e f ro m
.
, ,

-
w ell
[ b o t h t he i r h
ho m
, .

e] w ho p er c ei vi ng t he l a d y t hu s di squ i et ed a w a k ed her
w h o mt he l a d y t h a nk ed fo r s o d o i n ow m
, , , ,

g a nd t o l d he r h u c h s h e
h a d b een t ro u b l ed w i t h M o t her S a m w ell a n d her c a t w i t h m
,

a ny

o t her ci r c u m s t a n c es w h i c h m
,

a d e he r so u ne a s y t ha t s he co u l d

n o t r es t a ll t h a t n i g ht f or f ea r o f t he s a m
, ,

e

Nex t d a y L a dy
Cr o m w ell w a s s ei z ed w i t h a n i l l ness fr o mw h ic h she n e
.

ve r re
co v er ed
V a r i o u s o t her a t t em p t s w ere m r Sa m
.

a d e t o p er su a d e M o t he

w el l t o a c k n o w l ed g e her fa u l t a nd r el i ev e t h ec hi l d r en fro mt heir

s u ff er i n s b u t fo r m
g o nt h s no a t t e m p t w a s m a d e t o pr e s s t h e m a t
t er a g a i n s t h er i n a j u dici a l m
,

a n n er a l t ho u h t h e t s co nt i nu e
g d
I n 1 5 9 2 t h e s pi r i t s b eg a n t o s ho w t hem
,

u na b a t ed s el ve s t o t he

c hi l dr en in t hei r t s a nd s o m et i m
.
,

, es w hen t hey w e r e no t in t heir

 THE WITC H E S 0F W A R B OYS . 1 65

m
t s , a n d t o c onver s e w i t h t he in a fa i l i a r m m a nn e r a l w a ys s e
m
,

ens in g M ot her S a w ell , a nd p r o g no s t i c a t i ng t ha t s he w o u l d a t

m
l as t s u ff er t h e r ew a rd o f her cr i es T h ey b eg a n no w o nly t o
m m
.

b e q u i et w h en t he p r esu ed w i t c h w a s n ea r t he a nd it w a s ,

fou nd n ec es sa ry t o i nt r od u c e her i nt o t he ho u s e a s t heir nu r s e,

m
w hic h w a s do ne u c h a g a i ns t t he i nc l i na t io n o f her hu s b a nd ,
ol d S a m
w el l .

T he su s pic ions o f w i t c hcr a ft w er e no w s t r eng t hened b y t he

oc cu rr en c es o f e ve m
ry d a y ; M o t her S a w ell her s el f w a s o n c e
a t t a c k ed w i t h t s , a nd she s a id t he ho u s e w a s ha u n t ed w i t h ev i l

sp iri t s , a nd s he w o u l d l ea v e it ; t he s p iri t s t he s el ves b ec a m e m

m m
ho u r ly o r e fa i l i a r ; a nd n ew eff o r t s w er e m a de t o p e r su a d e
m m
t he o l d w o a n t o c o nfes s a nd a end w ha t s he ha d d o ne Tor
m m
.

ent ed w i t h t hes e i po r t u ni t i es , she o ne d a y l et her s el f b e p er

sa nd ed t o pro no u n c e a n exorci s m a a i ns t t he spi r i t s , a nd t he
g
chi l dr en w e re i mm edi a t ely r el i ev ed fr o m
t hei r i n u enc e Mr
m
. .

T h r o g o r t o n s f a c e w a s t hen t o w a rd t he c hi l d r en a n d his b a ck

m m
,

t o t h e o l d w o a n a nd s eei ng t he s t a rt u
p a t o n c e, he s a id

m m m
.
, ,

T h a n k s b e t o G od ! I n t he ea nt i e t he ol d w o a n fell

m m
,

d o w n o n her k n ees b ehi n d hi , a nd sa id , G ood a st e r , fo r g i v e

m e

H e, t u r n i ng a b o u t , a nd s eei n g h er do w n s a id , W hy,
m m
.
,

M o t her S a w ell , w ha t is t he a t t er s ir

, sa id s he

I
,

ha v e b een t he c a u s e o f a ll t hi s t ro u bl e t o y o u r c hi l dr en
H a ve
m
.

y o u , M o t he r S a w e ll s id
a h e ; a n d w h y
? W ha t c a u s e did I
ever g i ve yo u t o u s e e a nd m y mc h i l d r e n t h u s N o n e a t a ll ,

sa id s h e T hen, s a y s he, yo u ha v edo ne et h e or ew r o n g

m m '

m m
. .

G o od a st er , s a id s he, fo rg i ve e

G od fo r g i v e yo u , s a id

m m m
.

he a nd I do ; b u t t ell e ho w yo u c a e t o b e su c h a w o a n

m m
, .

M a s t er , sa id she, I ha v e fors a k en

y M a k er , a nd
g iv e n
y
s o u l t o t he d e vil

m
T hen t he g r a nd o t her a nd o t her o f t he m
m
.

c h i l dr e n, w ho w er e in t he h a ll , hea r i ng t he s o l o u d i n t he a r
p
m
l o r , c a e in , w ho m m
M o t her S a w el l a s k ed p a r do n o f l ik ew i se
m m
.

M r s T hro g or t o n, t he o t her , p r es ent ly forg a v e her w i t h a ll

m
.

her hea rt b u t cou l d no t w ell t ell w ha t w a s t he a t t er T hen

m
, .

M o t her S a w ell a s k ed t he t hr ee c hi ldr en t ha t w er e t her e, a nd

t h e r est forg i v en es s , a nd ki s s ed t he mt he c hi l d r en ea s i ly fo r
m
, ,

g i vin
g h e r M r T h r o g o rt o n a nd his w i fe p e rc e i vi n
g t h e o l d
m m
. .

w o a n s o p eni t ent a nd c a s t do w n , she w eepi ng a nd l a ent i n g

a ll t h e t i m m
e, did a l l t hey co u l d t o co fort her , a n d t ol d her t hey
w o u l d fr eely for g i v e her fro mt hei r h ea r t s , p r o vid ed t h eir c hi l
d r en w er e no m
or e t ro u b l ed S he sa id , she t r u s t ed in G o d t hey
m
.

w ou l d n ev er b e t r o u b l ed a g a i n , yet co u l d no t b e c o fo r t ed Mr s
m m
. .

Thr og or t o n t hen s ent fo r Dr Dorri ngt o n , i ni s t er of t he t o w n,

.
I 66 S O RC E RY A ND MAGIC .

a nd t ol d hima ll t he circu m st a n c e s ; a nd a ll o f t he mendeavor ed

to m a k e he r ea s y b u t never t hel es s shew ep t a ll t ha t ni g ht The
x t d a y b ei ng C hri s t m
.
,

ne as e ve n a nd t he s a bb a t h Dr Do r r i ngt on
p ent a nc e ou t o f t he P sa l m s a n d co m mu ni
, , , .

ch o s e hi s t ex t o f r e
mbly d irec t ed his d isco u r se
,

c a t i ng h e r co nfe s s io n t o t h e a s s e

chi e y t o t ha t p u rpo s e t o co m for t a peni t ent hea r t t h a t it m

,

i ght
All t he s er m on t i m e M o t her S a m
, ,

a ff ec t he r w ell w ep t a nd la
ment ed a nd w a s fr equ ent ly so l ou d in her pas si ons t ha t she
-
.

, ,

dr ew t he ey es o f t he co ng reg a t io n u po n her
T he nex t d a y M o t her S a m
.

w ell co nt ra d ic t e d a ll she ha d s a i d ,

d ec l a r i ng t ha t she w a s dra w n i nt o t he co nfess i on b y her su r pr i se

a t ndi ng t ha t her e xorci s mha d r el i ev ed t he chi l dr en a nd t ha t ,

she ha rd ly k n ew w ha t s he w a s s a y i ng I t w a s b el i eved t ha t
t hi s d eni a l w a s t he r es u l t o f a co m
.

p a c t w i t h her hu s b a nd a nd
d a u ght er a nd a ll o t her m ea ns pro v i ng ine ect u a l t o b r i ng her
'

b a ck t o her conf ess io n t hey c a rri ed her a t t he end o f Decem

,

b er
o ld w o m
,

( 1 5 9 2 ) b e fo r e t h e b i s hop o f Li nco l n T h e a n w a s no w

t ho r o u g hly fri ght ened a nd s h e m

.

a d e a ne w c o n fess i on t ha t s he
w a s r ea lly a w i t c h t ha t she ha d s evera l s piri t s w ho s e n a m
, ,

, es she
r e p ea t ed o ne o f w hic h a pp ea r ed in t he sha p e o f a d u n chi ck en
, ,

a n d o ft e n s u ck ed he r c h i n a nd t ha t t he y w er e g i ven t o her
u pri ht m o f w ho s e n a m
,

an an e n d d w e ll i n p l a ce she w a s
g a g
-

O n t hi s co nfess ion bo t h m
,

equ a lly i gnor a nt o t her a nd d a u ght er

w er e co m mi t t ed t o H u n t i ngdo n j a i l b u t t he l at t er w a s ha il ed in
.
,

T hr o g m
,

a ccor d a n c e w i t h M r o r t o n s w i s h t o t a k e he r t o his

ho u s e in ord er t o s ee if her pr es enc ew o u l d ha vet h e s a m

.

eeffect
r m
,

o n his c hi l dr e n a s t ha t o f he o t her
D r Dorri ngt on a n d a C a m
.

bri d g e s chol a r w ere a l so in t he
ho u s e a nd t he evid enc e o f t he for m
.

er a s t o w ha t ha p p ened i a
t he ho u s e w hen A g nes S a m
, ,

w ell w a s bro u g ht t her e w a s o f gr ea t

w ei g ht a g a i ns t her o n her t ri a l O n t he l ot h o f F ebru a r y 1 5 93
m
.
, ,

a ccordi n o Dr Do r r in t o n s st a t e e I h e f e he

g t g n t n t a t r n o o n s
a ne T hro m
.
, ,

( J g or t o n ) y g
l a ro a n i n g i n h e r t b y t h e r es i d e a n d ,

s u dd enly w a s t a k e n w i t h a b l eedi ng a t t he no s e w hich su r p r is ed

her v ery m
,

u c h fea r in
g i ll n e w s a ft e r i t W h e n s h e h a d b l ed
mu ch in her ha ndk erchi ef she sa id it w a s a good deed t o t hr o w
, .

it in t he r e a nd b u r n t he w i t c h A ft er she ha d t a l k ed t hu s it
d t ha t t he spi r i t c a m e t o her ; s he s m
.
,

a pp e a re i l i ng a nd l oo k ing
a bo u t he s a y i ng W ha t is t hi s in G od s na m e t ha t co m es

r
tu m b l i ng t o m e? it t u m
, , , ,

bl es l i k e a f oot b a ll it l ook s l i ke a p u p
p e t -
p l a y er a n d a pp e a r s m u c h l ik e i t s d a m e s o l d t hr u m
,

b ca p

W ha t is y ou r n a m
.
,

e I p r a y you ? s a i d she T he t hi ng a ns w er ed

his na m
, .

ew a s Bl ew T o w hich she a nsw er ed

. M r Bl ew , you , .
 DIAL OG UE S WIT H TH E S PI RITS . 1 67

ar e w eco l me I y ne b ef or e
v e sa w r I t ho u ght m y n o
ou s e b l ed
n o t fo r n ot hi n g ; w ha t new s ha v e yo u brou g h t ? Wha t ! sa y s

sh e d o s t t ho u sa y I sha ll b e w ors e ha ndl ed t ha n ever I w a s ?

H a w ha t do st t hou s a y ? t ha t I sha ll no w ha ve m
,

y t s w h e n I ,

s ha ll bo t h hea r a nd s ee a nd k no w e v ery bod y t ha t s a new t ric k

i nd eed I t hi nk never a ny o f m
.
y s i st er s we r e so u se d ; b u t I
ca r e n o t fo r yo u ; do y o u r w o r s t a nd w he n you ha v e do ne you

w il l m
, ,

ak ean e nd A ft er t hi s she w a s si l ent a w hi l e b u t l i s t en

in g t o s o m et hi n g t ha t w a s s a id pr esent ly c a ll ed fo r A g nes S a m
.
,

w ell a s k i ng w her e sh e w a s a nd sa y i ng t ha t s he ha d t o o m
,

u ch

l ib er t y a nd t ha t s he m u st b e m fo r l a t e
, ,

o r e st ric t ly l ook ed t o
l y she w a s in t h e k i t c hen c ha m
,

b er t a l ki ng w i t h her spiri t s a nd
-

ent rea t ed M r Bl ew no t t o l et m e ha ve a ny su c h ex t rem

,

. e t s ,

w h en I sp ok e hea rd a nd k n ew every b o d y Bu t h e s a y s h e
w il l t o r m ent m em or e a nd not res t t i ll D a m e A gnes S a m
.
, ,

w ell is
b r o u ght t o her end ; so t ha t no w sa ys s he t o A gn es S a m
,

w ell

w ho w as j u st c o m
, ,

e t o her it w i ll b e no b et t er w i t h u s t i ll yo u
a nd y o u r m T he m
,

ot he r a r e bot h ha n g ed a id co nfe sse d she

w a s i n t he k i t c hen c ha m
.

b er a nd a l o ne b u t d eni ed t ha t s het a l k ed
-
, .

w i t h s p iri t s or k new a ny su c h M r s J a ne bid her no t d eny it

fo r t he s p iri t s w ou l d n o t l ie S oo n a ft er she c a m
, . .
,

e o u t o f t hi s
t a nd co m
.

,
pl a i ned o f g r ea t p a i n in her l eg s a nd b ei ng a sk ed ,

w here s he ha d b een a n d w ha t she ha d sa id she a n s w er ed t ha t

, , ,

s h e ha d b e en a s l eep a nd sa id no t hi ng she k new o f a nd w on

d ered how her ha nd k erchi ef c a m e t o b e s o b l ood y s a y i ng so m
, ,

e , ,

b o d y el s eha d bl o o d ied it a nd not she for shew a s not u s ed t o , ,

b l eed
Th e ot her chi l dr en w er em
.

u c h a ff e ct ed t h i s da y a nd t he ne xt
em ed t o consp ir e a ga i n st A gnes S a m
,

a nd a ll s e w ell ; b u t it w a s
J a ne T hr ogm o rt o n w ho a pp ea rs t o ha ve b een m o st fa m i l i a r w it h
t he s p i r i t s O n t he 1 1 t h o f F ebru a r y she w a s s ick a nd fu ll o f
n n i g ht c a m
.
,

a in a l l d a y ; w he e a ft e r su p pe r she fe ll i n t o h e r
p , ,

t as t he night b efor e b eing a b l e t o s ee hea r a nd u nd er s t a nd

, , ,

ever yt hing t ha t w a s a s k ed o f her ; a nd ha vi ng co nt i nu ed in t hi s

t so m e t im e she fell i nt o her s ens el es s t a n d b ei n g s i l ent
r m
, ,

a w hil e a nd he ou t h shu t she fet ched a gr ea t gro a n a nd s a i d

W hence ca m e you M r S m
, , , ,

a ck a nd w ha t n e w s do yo u bri n g ?

T he s p i r i t a ns w er ed t ha t he c a m e fro m ght i ng
, .
,

S a id she
W it h w ho m The sp iri t a ns w er ed w i t h Pl u ck
, .
,

W her e ,
.

d id yo u ght I pr a y yo u s a id s he T he spiri t a n s w er ed in
ol d d a m es b a ck ho u s e w hic h st ood in M o t her S a m
, .
,

we ll s y a r d ;

-
,

a nd t he y fou ght w i t h gr ea t co w l st a ves l a s t ni ght A n d w ho

m
.

he e I ou ? sa i d she H e e ed h e b r oke

g o t t as t r y p r ay
y a n s w r .
,
1 68 S O R CE RY A ND M AGIC .

P l u ck
shea d S a y s she, I w i s h he ha d brok e y ou r neck a l so

m
. .

S a it h t he s pi r i t , I s t ha t a l l t he t ha nk s I sh a ll ha ve fo r y l a

b or W ha t , s a y s she, do yo u l ook fo r t ha nk s a t y ha nd ?

m
I w i sh yo u w er e a ll ha ng ed u p a g a i nst o ne a n o t her , fo r you a r e
a l l n a u g ht ; b u t G o d w i ll d efend m e fro m y ou s o he d e p a rt e d
a n d b id her f a r ew e l l B ei ng a s k ed w hen he w o u l d c o ea g a i n,
. m
he s a id , O n W ed nes d a y n i ght H e w a s n o s oo ner g o ne, b u t

m m m
.

p r es ent ly c a e Pl u ck t o her , t o w ho s he s a id , F ro w henc e

m
co e yo u , Pl u ck , w i t h y o u r hea d ha ng i ng do w n so ? H e nu

sw e r ed j u s t a s S m a ck ha d t o l d her T hen s a id t he s piri t t o her ,

m
.

W hen s a w yo u S a ck ?
S he a ns w er ed , t ha t she k new no
s u c h fe ll o w Y es , s a y s he, b u t yo u d o , b u t yo u w i ll no t b e

m m m
.

k no w n o f hi I t s ee s , s a y s s he, t ha t yo u ha ve et w i t h

m
.

yo u r a t ch A nd a ft er s u c h l ik e ex p r es s io n s , he w ent a w a y ,

m m
.

a nd pr es e nt ly s hec a e o u t o f her t , a nd co p l a i n ed o f p a i n i n
h er l eg s . T he nex t d a y s he w a s very s ick a ll d a y, it b ei ng
M o nd a y , a nd i n t he a ft ern oo n fell i nt o a very st r a ng e t , ha v i ng
l o st a ll h er s enses for a b o u t ha l f a n ho u r ; A g nes S a w ell , s ee m
m m
ing t he ex t r e i t y o f w hic h, s ee ed t o pr a y ea rnest ly fo r her
a lon
g w i t h t h e r es t ; a n d b e i n g a s k e d w h et h e r it proc e e d edmf r o
w a nt o n n es s , a s she u s ed t o s a , s he co u l d no t d eny b u t it
y m u st
m m
proc eed fro s o e su p er na t u r a l po w er When t he t w a s o ver , .

s he w a s w e l l, exc ep t t he p a i n in her l eg s A ft er su pp er , a s
m
.

s oo n a s her p a r e nt s w er e ri s en, she fe ll i nt o t he s a e t a g a in,

a s be m
fo r e, a nd t hen b ec a e s en s el es s , a nd in a l i t t l e t i e o p en m
i ng her m
o nt h, s he s a id ,
W i ll t hi s ho l d fo r ev er ? I hop e it
m
W i ll b e b et t er o ne d a y F r o w henc e c a e yo u no w , C a t ch m
m m m
.

sa id she, l i pi ng I hop e yo u ha ve et w i t h y o ur a t ch

m
. .

C a t c h a ns w ered t ha t S a ck a n d he ha d b een ght i ng , a nd t ha t

m
S a ck ha d brok en his l eg S a id she, T ha t S a c k is a shr ew d m
m m m
.

f ell o w , et hi nk s I w o u l d I co u l d s ee hi . P l u c k ca e l as t
n i g ht , s a id s he, w i t h his hea d brok e, a nd no w yo u h a vebro k en

y o u r l eg ; I hop e s a id she, he w i ll br ea k bo t h y ou r neck s b e

,

for e he ha t h do n e w i t h yo u
C a t c h a ns w er ed , t ha t he w o u l d
m
.

b eeven w i t h hi b efo re he ha d do ne T hen sa id she, Pu t

m
.

for t h y o u r o t her l eg , a nd l et e s ee if I ca n br ea k t ha t , ha vi ng a

s t ick in he r ha nd T he spi r i t t o l d her t ha t she co u l d no t hit

m m
.

hi . C a n I no t hit yo u ? s a id she; l et
e tr y
.

T hen t he
s piri t t o u t hi s l e , a n d s he l i ft e d t h e t ick e i ly nd d
p u
g u
p s a s a su
m
,

d ea ly st ru ck t he g ro u n d Y ou ha v e no t hu rt e, sa i d t he

s piri t H a ve I no t hu r t yo u ? s a id she
N0 , b u t I w ou l d i f
m m m m
. .

I cou l d , a nd t hen I w o u l d a k e s o e o f you co e sho rt ho e

m m
.

S o she s ee ed d i ver s t i es t o st r ik e a t t he sp irit , bu t h eleap ed

'
 DIAL O GUE S W IT H T H E S I RIT S P . 1 69

o ver t he s t ck , a s i l ik e a J a ck eu a p es S o a ft er m
he s a id , a ny - -

s u c h t rick s t he s piri t w ent a w a y a nd s he c a m

.

e o u t o f her t , ,

co nt i nu i n g a l l t ha t n i g ht a nd t he n ex t d a very s i c k a n d f u ll o f
y , , ,

a i n i n he r l eg s A t n i h t w h en pp e r w as e n d e d s he fe l l
p g s u . , ,

int o her s ens ibl e t a g a i n w hic h co nt i nu ed a s u su a l a n d t hen

r a l it t le t i m
, ,

sh e g r ew s ens el e s s a nd a ft e e a s u s u a l fet c hi n g a
a r e o u co m arm
, , ,

r ea t g ro a n s he s a id H i rr h ! e w i t h y o r
g a s a
y u

W ho h a h m
, , ,

in sl i g M r Bl ew i y h I pr y T he

a n ? t . e t w t o u a ?
, ,

s p i ri t s a id Y o u k no w w ell eno u g h S he a ns w er ed Do I

,
.
,

k n o w w ell eno u gh ? ho w s ho u l d I k no w W hy s a id t he

Sm r e g ht i ng a n d he ha t h b r o k en m ar m
,

s p ir il a ck a nd I w e

y
S a i d s he T ha t S m
, , .

a ck i s a s t o u t f e l lo w i nd eed ; I hop e he w i ll
br ea k a ll y o u r n eck s b ec a u s e yo u p u ni sh m
,

e w i t ho u t a c a u s e
I w i sh sa id she t ha t I co u l d b e o n c e a cq u a i nt ed w i t h him
.
,

W e w i ll b e ev en w i t h him s a id Bl ew o ne d a y
.
, ,

W hy ,

,

.

,

s a i d s he w ha t w i ll e d o T h e s pi r i t s a id t h e y w o u l d a ll f a ll
y
u p o n hima nd b e a t him
,

S a i t h s he P erha p s he c a r es no t fo r .
,

o u a ll f o r he ha s brok e u ck s hea d C a t ch s le a nd o

y n Pl g y u r

a r m no w y o u ha ve s o m et hi n g t o d o yo u m
, , ,

o a nd hea l y o u r
a
y g
ar m w hen m a r mi s w e
,

Y es s a i t h t he s pi r i t ll w e w il l

y
b ea t S m S o t hey p a r t ed a nd she c a m
.
, , ,

a ck

e o u t o f her t a n d
co m p l a i ned o f m o st p a rt s o f her b o d y s o t ha t she s eem
.
, ,

ed ea s i
er w hi l e t he s pi r i t w a s t a l ki n g w i t h her t ha n w hen s he c a m e ,

o u t o f he r t T he n ex t d a y w hic h w a s W ed n esd a y s he w a s
n ni g ht c a m
.
, ,

v er y i ll a n d w he , e s he r s t fell i nt o her s ens ib l e ,

t a nd t hen i nt o her s en s el es s o n e a nd a ft er fet c hi ng a g r ea t

VVhenc e c a m e yo u M r S m
, ,

s i g h she s a id H e s a id he

a ck ?

w a s co m e a ccordi ng t o his p r o m
, .
, ,

i s e o n S u n d a y ni ght S a id she
I t is v er y l ik ely yo u w i ll k eep y o u r pro m
.
,

i s e b u t I ha d r a t her ,

o u w o u l d k ee p a w a y t i ll o u a r e se n t f or b u t w h a t new s ha ve
y y
b ro u g ht ? S a id he I o l d I h a d b ee n g ht i ng l a st

y ou t y ou

S u n d a y n i ght b u t I ha veha d m S o it s eem

,

a ny b a t t l es s i nc e

,
s .
,

s a i d s he fo r here w a s bo t h Pl u ck C a t c h a nd Bl ew a nd a ll

ca m ela m et o m Y es s a id he I ha v e m et w i t h t hema l l
, , , ,

e

Bu t I w o nd er s a i d she yo u cou l d b ea t t hemfo r t hey a r e

. .
, ,

S a id he I a mg ood
, , ,

ve r y gre a nd yo u a r e b u t a l i t t l e o n e

at

eno u gh fo r t w o o f t he b est o f t hemt o g et her

, .
,

Bu t s a id she I .

,

,

c a n t ell yo u new s Wha t s t ha t ? s a id he T hey w i ll a ll o f

t hemfa ll u po n yo u a t o n c e a nd b ea t you
. .

H e s a id he c a r ed

n o t fo r t ha t he w o u l d b ea t t w o o f t he b es t o f t hem
.
,

,
A nd w ho .

s ha l l b ea t t he o t he r t w o ? s a id she fo r t her e i s o n e w ho ha t h

b een o ft en s p ok e o f c a ll ed H a r d na m e h is n a m
,

. e st a nd i ng u pon ,

s i ht l e t t e nd e e y l e t t e r t d e t h f a w o r d , b u t w ha t his
g r s a v r ,
s a n or

15
 1 70 S O R C E R Y A ND M A GIC .

na me i o t her w is e w ek no w not
s T he spirit a nsw er ed t ha t his

co u s i n S m a ck w o u l d h el p h i mt o b e
, .

a t t he o t he r two T her e
a r e a l s o t w o o t her S m a c k s a s a p ea r s f ro mt he o ld w o m
.

'
p a n s
w i ll y o u r co u s i n S m
,

c o nfes s io n W ha t ? s a id s h e

a ck he lp
am
.
,

y ou ? is t h e r e ki n dr e d o ng d e i l sv ? I n e ve r h e a r d o f t h a t b e
f ore G od k eep m e fro mt ha t ki ndr ed !

,

T hi s s t r a ng e s c ene w a s a l s o a p a rt o f Dr Do r r in g t o n s evi

d en c e T hi ng s co nt i nu ed t hu s t i ll t he m
.

ont h o f A p r i l w hen it
w a s d et er m i ned a g a i n t o p u t in p r a c t ic et her em
.
,

ed y o f s cr a t ching .

O n M o n d a y fo ll o w i ng w hic h w a s t he d a y a p p o int ed for

,

s cr a t c hi n g M r s Jo a n fell i nt o h er t a l i t t l e b efor e s u p e r n d
p a
d s o a ll s u pp er t i me b ei ng no t a bl e t o st a nd o n her legs
.
, ,

c o nt i nu e -
, .

A s s oo n a s t hey b eg a n t o g i v e t ha nk s a ft er su pp er s he s t a r t ed
t a nd c a m
,

U p u po n he r fee e t o t he t a b l e s id e a nd s t o od w i t h her ,

s i st e r s t ha t w er e s a y i n g o f g ra c e a nd a s s oon a s g r a c e w a s
end ed s he fel l u po n t he m a id Na n S a m w ell a n d t o o k her hea d
r a rm
, , ,

u nd er h e s a n d r s t s cr a t c he d t heri g ht s i d eo f her cheeks ;

No w s a id s he I m
,

a nd w hen s he ha d d o n e t ha t u s t s cr a t ch

t he l eft s i d e fo r m
, , ,

y A u nt P ick e ri n g a n d s cr a t ch e d t h a t a l s

o t i ll
b l ood c a m T he m
,

e o n bo t h s id es v ery p l ent i fu lly a id s t o od st i ll

v er m o v ed t o g o a w a y fro mher yet cri ed pi t i fu lly d esi

,
.

a nd n e

ri ng t he L ord t o ha v em
, ,

erc y o n her When sheha d dones cr a t ch

ing M r s Jo a n s a t her s el f u p o n a s t oo l a nd s eem
.

ed t o b e ou t o f
br ea t h t a ki ng her br ea t h very sho rt y et t he m
, .
,

a id neve r s t r u g gl ed
w i t h her a n d w a s a b l e t o ho l d nev er a joi nt o f her b u t t r em
, ,

, b l ed ,

l ik e a l ea f a nd c a ll ed fo r a p a ir o f s ci ss ors t o p a re her na ils ; b u t

w h en s he ha d t hems he w a s n o t a b l e t o ho l d t hem
,

in her ha nds
b u t d es i r ed s o m
, ,

e o n e t o do it fo r her w hic h Dr Do r r i ngt o n s

.
,

w i f e did M r s Jo a n s a v ed her na i l s a s t hey w er e pa red a nd

w hen t hey ha d do n e t hr ew t hemi nt o t he r e a nd c a ll ed fo r s o m
. .
,

e ,

w a t er t o w a s h h er ha nd s a nd t h en t hr ew t he w a t er i nt o t he r e
T hen she fell u po n her kn ees a nd desir ed t he m
.
,

a id t o k n e
,
el b y
h er a nd pra y ed w i t h h er sa y i ng t he L ord s pra y er a nd t he

ed ; b u t M r s Jo a n s eem ed a s if she d id no t hea r t h e m

, ,

cre a id
f o r she w o u l d s a y a m i s s so m et i m es a nd t hen t heco m
.
,

p a ny w ou ld
,

hel p her o u t ; b u t M r s Jo a n did no t st a y for her so t ha t s he ha d

end ed b efor e t he m
.
,

a id ha d ha l f do ne he r s A ft er t hi s Dr Dor .
, .

r ing t o n t ook a pr a yer book a nd r e -

a d w ha t pr a y e rs he t hou g ht t ;
a nd w he n he ha d do ne M r s Jo a n b e g a n t o e x h ort t h e m a i d a n d
m
, .
,

a s she w a s s ea k i n sh e fell a w e e pi n e xt r e e ly s o t ha t she

p g g ,

c o u l d no t w e ll expr ess her w ord s s a y i ng t ha t shew ou l d no t ha ve ,

s cr a t c he d her b u t shew a s forc ed t o it by t he s piri t A s shew a s

t hu s co m
,
.

p l a in i ng h e r s i,s t e r E l i z a be t h w a s su dd e n ly s e i z e d w i t h
 THE T RI A L O F T HE WIT C H E S . 171

a t , a nd t u rning ha st i ly u po n t h em a id , c a t c he d her b y on e o f
her h a n d s , a n d fa i n w o u l d ha v e s cr a t c hed her , s a y i ng , t he s pi r i t
sa i d s he m u st s cr a t c h her t oo ; b u t t he co m m
p a ny d es ir ed t he a id
t o k eep her ha nd fro m her , s o t hey s t ro v e a g r ea t w hi l e t i ll t he
chi l d w a s o u t o f br e a t h ; t he n s a id t he c hi l d , W i ll nobody hel p
m e t w ic e o r t hric e o ver . T hen s a id M r s Jo a n, b ei ng st i ll in
.

her t , S ha ll I hel p yo u , S i s t er E l i z a b et h A y , fo r G od s

sa k e, s i s t e

m
r , s a id she S o M r s J o a n c a e a nd t ook o ne o f t he
m
. .

a i d s ha nd s , a nd he

l d it t o her s i st er E l i z a b et h, a nd shes cr a t c hed
m
it t i ll b l ood ca e, a t w hic h s hew a s v ery j o y f u l . T hen she p a r ed
her n a i l s , a nd w a s hed her ha nd s , a n d t hr ew t he p a ri ng a n d t he
w a t er bo t h i nt o t he r e m
A ft er a ll t hi s , b efore t he co p a ny d e
m
.

pa r t ed , t he a i d hel p ed M r s Jo a n ou t o f her t t hr ee s ever a l

m
.

t i es , o ne a ft er t he o t her , b y t h r ee s ev er a l c ha r g es ; a n d l ik e
w i s e bro u g ht M r s E l i z a b et h o u t o f h er t b y s a y i ng , a s she ha t h
m m
.

b ew i t c hed M r s E l i z a b et h T hro g or t o n s i nc e her o t her co n

.

fes s ed .

T he s ess io ns a t H u n t i ng do n b eg a n o n t he fo u r t h o f A pri l , a nd
m
t hen t het hr ee S a w ell s w er ep u t u po n t heir t ri a l a nd a l l t hefor e
m m m
,

i n e v id e n c e a nd u ch or e w a s re p e ate d T h e i n dic t e t
g o
g n s

m
.

a a i n s t t he , s p e ci e d h e o ff e c e s a g a i ns t t he c hi l dr e n a nd s e
'

t n
g r

va nt s o f t he Thr o g m
o r t o n s , a nd t he b ew i t c hi ng u nt o d ea t h o f

t he l a d y C ro w ell m . T he g r a nd j u ry fo u nd a v erdic t i mm edi a t e

ly , a nd t hen t hey w er e p u t u po n t heir t r i a l in co u r t , a nd a ft er
m u c h evid e n c e ha d b e en g o ne t hr o u gh , t h ej u d g e, j u st ic es , a nd

j u r y ,
s a id t h e c a s e w a s a pp a r en t ,
a n d t h e ir co ns ci e n c es w er e
we l l s a t is ed t ha t t he s a id w i t c hes w er e gu i l t y , a nd d es er v ed

d ea t h A ft er w a rd t heir co n fes s io ns w er e p u t in, a nd w hen
m
.

t hes ew erer ea d , it p l ea s ed G o d t o r a i s eu p or ew i t ness es a g a i ns t

t ho s e w i ck ed p er s o ns , a s R ob ert P o u l t o n , v ic a r o f B r a p t o n, m
w ho o p enly s a id , t ha t o n e o f his p a r i s hio n ers , Jo hn L a ng l ey , a t
m m
t ha t t i e b ei ng s ick in his b ed , t o l d hi , t ha t o n e d a y , b ei ng a t
m
H u nt i ng do n, he did , in M o t h er S a w ell s hea ri ng , fo rbid M r

m m
.

Kno w les , o f B ra p t o n, t o g i ve her a ny ea t , fo r she w a s a n o ld

w it ch ; a nd u po n t ha t , a s he w ent fro m m
H u nt i ng do n t o B r a p t o n
in t h e a ft er noo n , ha vi ng a g ood ho r s e u nder hi , he pr es ent l y m
d ied in t he el d , a nd w i t hi n t w o d a y s a ft er he es c a p ed d ea t h ,

t w i ce v ery d a ng ero u s ly , b y G od s pr o v id enc e; b u t t ho u g h t he

m
d evi l ha d n ot po w er o ver his b o dy a t t h a t t i e, yet s oo n a ft er he
m m m
l ost a ny go od a nd s o u nd c a t t l e, t o en s j u dg ent w or t h t w ent y

m ar k s , a nd t ha t he hi m se l f, no t l o ng a ft er , w a s very s erio u sly

m
ha nd l ed in his bod y a nd t he s a e ni ght o f t he d a y o f a ss i z e t he
sa id J o hn L a ng l e y di ed M r Rob er t Thr o g or t on wi B r a p
. . m m
1 72 S O R C E R Y A ND M A GIC .

t o n, a so l s a id , t ha t at H u nt i ng do n
p l a c e s b e h a v i ng
a nd o t her

am
,

i ven v er y r o u g h l a n g u a e t o t he s a id M o t he r S w ell o n F ri
g g ,

d a y t he t ent h d a y fo ll o w i ng o ne o f his b ea s t s o f t w o y ea r s ol d
, , , ,

di ed a nd a no t her t he S u nd a y fo ll o w i ng T he nex t F rid a y a ft er

,
.
,

a ho di ed a nd t he S u nd a y fo ll o w i ng a s o w w hic h h a d s u cki ng
g , ,

pi g s di ed a l so ; u po n w hic h he w a s a d v i s ed t he n ex t t hi ng t hat
di ed t o m
,

a k e a ho l e i n t he r o u n d a nd b u r n it O n F rid y t h e
g a

fo u r t h w eek fo ll o w i ng b e ha d a fa ir c o w w or t h fou r m
, , .
,

a rk s d i e d
l ik ew i s e a nd his s er v a nt s m
, , ,

a d e a ho l e a ccordi n ly a n d t hrew
, g ,

fa g g o t s a nd s t ick s o n h er a n d b u rnt her a nd a ft er a l l his c a t t le

did w ell A s t o t he l a st m r M o t her S a m w ell b ei n ex a m
, , ,

. at t e
g
,
i n e d
t he n i g ht b efo r e her ex ec u t io n s he co nfes s ed t he b ew i t c hi n o f , g
t he s a id c a t t l e T hen t he j a i l er o f H u nt i n gdon g a v e his evi
d en c e t ha t a m am
.

,
a n o f hi s ndi n
g M o t h e r S w
,
e l l w a s u n r u l y
w h i l s t s he w a s a pri s o ner c ha i ned h er t o a b ed po s t a n d not -

l o n g a ft er he fell s ic k a nd w a s ha nd l ed m
, ,

u c h a s t h e ch i l dre n
w er e hea vi n g u p a nd do w n h is b o d y sha k i ng h is a r m
,

s l e s a nd
g
hea d ha vi ng m o m
, , , ,

o r e st r e ng t h in his t s t h a n a n t w e n h d n d
y a a

c ry i ng o u t o f M o t her S a m w ell s a y i ng sh e b ew i t c hed h i ma nd

, ,

, ,

co nt i nu i ng t hu s v e o r s ix d a y s di ed A nd t hej a i l er s a id t hat
n o t l o n g a ft er o ne o f his s o n s fell s ick a nd w a s m
, .
,

u c h a s his s e r
am
,

v a n t w a s w her e u po n t h ej a i l er b r o u ht M o t he r S w e l l t o h i s
, g
b ed s id e a n d hel d her t i ll his so n ha d s cr a t ched her a nd u p on
t ha t h e s o o n m
, ,

end ed
When j u d g m
.

ent o f d ea t h w a s pro no u nc ed a g a i nst her t he old

w om an a m
,

i s era b l e w r et c h o f s ix t y y ea r s o f a g e s c a rc ely k no w
ing w ha t s he w a s doi ng or s a yi ng p l ea d ed i n a rrest o f j u d g m
, ,

. ent
t ha t she w a s w i t h c hi l d a pl ea w hic h o nly prod u c ed a l a u h o f
g
d er i s i o n S h e co n fess ed t o w ha t ever w a s p u t in her m
,

. ou t h .

T he hu sb a n d a nd d a u g ht er a sser t ed t heir i nnoc enc e t o t he l as t .

T hey w er e a l l ha n g ed a nd t he hi s t ori a n o f t hi s s t r a ng e event

s u s t ha t fr o mt h a t m om ent R ob ert T hr o g m
,

a s su r e o r t oh s c h i l dre

n
w er e p er m a ne n t ly fr eed f ro m a l l t h eir su ff eri n s
g I n m e m or y
o f t he co nv ic t io n a n d p u ni s h m
.

ent o f t he w i t c hes o f W a rbo ys

S ir H enry C r o m w el l a s l o r d o f t he m m
,

a nd r a ve a c e r t i n
g a s u
of m o ney t o t h e t o w n t o p r o v id e a nnu a lly t he su mo f for t y shi l
t ,

l i ng s t o b e p a id fo r a s er m o n a g a i nst w i t c hcr a ft t o b e p r ea ched

by a m em b er o f Q u een s co ll eg e C a m
,

brid g e in W a rbo y s c hu rch

rm
, , ,
o n L a dy d a
y eve r y y e ar , I h a v e no t a s c er t a i
. n e d if t h i s se on
1 8 s t i l l co nt i nu e d .
 T HE P OE TR Y O F WIT C H C R AFT . 1 73

C HAP T E R X I V .

THE P O ET R Y OF W I T C HC R A FT .

T H E c a se d es crib ed in t he for eg oi ng c h a p t er g i ves u s a v er y

g oo d no t io n o f t he g e n e r a l for m o f w i t c hcr a ft in E n l a n d d u ri n
g g
t he r ei g n o f E l i z a b et h , a nd s ho w s u s ho w u ni v er sa lly it t hen r e
ce i v ed c r edi t fro m p ers o ns o f r a nk I t sho w s , ho w ever , a s l o w
.

nes s , prob a b ly a n u n w i ll i ng n es s , t o pro s ec u t e, w h ic h p r o ves t ha t

t he p er s ec u t io n o f t he w i t c hes w a s no t a s yet s o g en er a l in t hi s
cou n t r y a s in o t her s

m
.

I n E ngl a nd , i nd eed , t he cri e o f w i t ch cr a ft a pp ea r s t o ha ve

a t t r a c t ed l e s s p u b l ic a t t e n t io n t ha n i n o t h er co u nt r i es d u ri ng t he

ft eent h a nd ea rl i er p a rt o f t he s ix t eent h c ent u r i es D u ri ng t he

m
.

fo r er p eriod , ho w ev er , w e ha v e s ev er a l i n s t a nc es in w hic h , a s
in S co t l a nd , c ha rg es o f t hi s n a t u r e w er e a dop t ed a s m
ea n s o f
p o l i t ic a l reveng e I n t he r ei g n o f H enry V I (A D 1 4 4 1 ) it w a s
m
. . . .

a d e o ne o f t he c hi e f a cc u s a t io ns a g a i n s t t he d u c hes s o f G lo u
c es t e r , t h e w i fe o f t he g ood d u ke Hu mp hr y
t h a t sh e h a d e m
m m m
,

p l o y ed a i s era bl e w o a n k no w n t o fa e a s t he w i t c h o f Eye,
a nd a

m
c l erk na ed R o g er, t o eff ec t t he ki ng s d ea t h b y ea ns
m
o f s orc ery . m
T he w i t c h w a s b u r nt in S it h el d ; t he s orc er er
w a s bro u g ht i nt o P o u l es (t o S t P a u l s ), a n d t her e he s t ood u p

.

o n h i g h o n a s c a ff o l d a e n Po u l s cr o s s o n a S u nd a y , a nd t h e r e
g y y
he w a s a r r a ied l ik e a s he s c hu l d e n ev er t he (t hr ive) i n h is g a r
m
ne ent ys , a nd t her e w a s ho ng ed ro u nd e a bo u t e b y m
a ll e h is in

m
st r u m
ent is w hi che w er e t a k en w i t h b y , a nd so s hew yd a o ng


m
a l l t he p ep l o , a nd h e w a s e v ent u a lly ha n e d dr a w n a n d q u a r
g
mm m
, ,

t o r ed a s a t ra i t or ; t he d u c h es s w a s co i t t ed t o p erp et u a l i
m
p ri s o n ent I n S ha k sp er e t he sorc er er s a r e a d e t o r a i s e a
. m
S p iri t in a circ l e, w ho a n s w er s t o t heir q u est io ns co nc er ni ng t h e
fa t e o f t he ki ng a nd his fa v o r i t es I n t he r ei gn o f E d w a r d I V a
m
. .

p o l i t ic a l p a rt y s pr ea d a bro a d a r eport t ha t t he a rr i a g e o f t he
k in w i t h t he l a d y E li z a b et h G r a y w a s t he r esu l t o f w i t c hcr a ft
m
g
e lo yed b y t he l a dy s

m o t h er , t he d u c hes s o f B ed ford T he
mm m
.

p l o t w a s a t t he o ent su cc es s fu lly exp o s ed , a nd o ne T ho a s

W a k e, esq u ier , w a s pro ved t o ha v e c a u s ed t o b e bro u g ht t o

Wa r r ew yk
ar m
an i

es , co nt a ynyng t he l engt he o f a
m a e of le
g

15
d
m
e
a nne
m
a d e ly k e a

s f n e
y g
m
m
a n of

r , a nd Ma a s .
1 74 S O R C E R Y A ND M AGIC .

in t he mydde s , a nd md e f
a a st w th a w
yr e a s ser t i ng t ha t it w a s
i

ma d e by t he d u ches s t o u se w it h t he s a i d w i t chcra ft a nd so r
,

s er y y e t t h e s t o r y a pp e a r s t o ha ve b e e n b e l i e ve d b y m a n y a n d
a t t he co m menc ement o f the r ei g n o f R ic ha rd III it w a s revived
,

a s o ne o f t he g ro u n d s fo r co nd em ni ng t he m
.

a rri a e i n q u e t i n
g s o

a n d b a s t a rdi z i n t h e c h i l dr e n I n t hi s l a s t r ei n t h e s a m e i m e
g g c r
o f s orc ery fo r m
.

ed p a r t o f t hec ha r g es bro u g ht a g a ins t t h e qu een s

ki ns m en a s w ell a s a g a i ns t t he fr a i l a nd u nfort u na t e J a ne S ho re
,
,

a nd s u b s e q u ent ly a g a i ns t A rc hbi s hop M ort o n a nd o t her a dher ent s

o f t he d u k e o f R ic hm o nd T he g r ea t dra m . a t i s t ha s m a d e Ri ch
a r d a c cu s e Q u e en E l i z a b et h a nd J a ne S hor e o f a p l o t a g a inst his
ow n pe rs on
Loo k h w I mbew it ch ed ; b ehol d m
o a inea m
I lik e bl t ed
s, a p l ing w it h e ed u p ;
as sa r

A nd t h i i E d w a d w ife t h t mn t r o u s w it ch
.

s s r s a o s

Co n r t ed w it h t h t h l t t m
, ,

so p et S h e
a ar o s ru or
Th t by t hei w it ch a ft th h a emar k ed me
,

a r cr us v .

Th e r st a ct in t he s t a t u t e book a g a i nst s o rcery a nd w i t ch -

cr a ft w a s p a s s ed in t he t hirt y t hird y ea r o f t he rei g n o f H enr y -

V III A D 1 54 1 w her eby t hi s su ppo s ed cri m ew as m

,

. . .
, a d ef e l o ny
w i t ho u t b ene t o f c l er gy I t ha d prob a b ly t hen b een pu shed
i nt o m o re p r o m i nent no t ic e b y s o m e r em
.

a rk a b l e occ u rr e n c e no w
fo r g o t t en S ix y ea r s a ft er in 1 5 4 7 w hen t he p o w er w a s en
ly in t he ha nd s o f t he r el i g io u s r efor m
.
, ,

t ir e er s u nd er E d w a r d V I .
,

h is fa t h er s l a w a g a i nst w i t c hcr a ft w a s r ep ea l ed

Und er E l i za .

b et h in 1 5 62 a new a ct w a s p a ss ed a g a i n st w i t chcr a ft pu n i sh
, , ,

i n g t h e r st co nv ic t io n o nly w i t h expo s u r e in t he pi ll ory Du r .

in g t he l a t t er ha l f o f El i z a b et h s r ei gn pro s ec u t ions fo r w i t ch

cr a ft s eemt o ha v e b eco m e nu m
,

ero u s in va riou s p a rt s o f t he
co u nt ry a nd t he i nfec t io n w a s spr ea d by t he nu m b er o f p ri nt ed
pam p hl et s t o w hic h t hey g a v e ri s e a nd of w hic h m
,

a n y a r e st i l l

pr es er ved A m
,

. o ng t h es e a r c3 a cco u nt s o f a w i t c h ha n g ed a t /
B a r ki ng in 1 5 7 5 ; o f fo u r ex ec u t ed a t A bi n g do n in 1 57 9 ; o f t hree
a t C hel m s fo rd a nd t w o a t C a m brid g e in t he sa m e y ea r ; o f a
nu m b er o f w i t c hes t ri ed a nd co nd em n ed a t S t O syt hes in 1 5 82 ;

o f o ne a t S t a nm
.
,

o r e a n d o f a no t h er ha n e d t T y b u r n b o t h in
g a

1 5 85 ; o f t hr ee a t C hel m
, ,

s fo rd in 1 5 8 9 : o f t he t hr e e a t Wa rb o y s
in 1 5 9 3 ; o f t hr ee a t B a r net a nd B r a in fo r d in 1 5 95 ; a n d o f s eve
r a l i n t he co u nt i es o f D er b y a nd S t a ff o rd in 1 5 97 T he fr e
m
.

q u e n c
y o f s u c h a cc u sa t io n s a t t h i s p eri o d a n d t h e n u b e r of ,

p er s ons w ho w er e o n s u c h slight pr et ex t s brou ght t o a n ig no

mi ni o u s d ea t h ma d e w i t chcra ft a su b j ec t o f di s c u ss ion a nd t he
princip l es o f m
, ,

od er a t io n w hic h ha d b een es pou s ed b y W ier ns o n

,

t he co nt i nent fo u nd enl i ht ened a d voc a t es in t hi s co u nt r y I n

, g .
 NA M ES O F F A M I LI AR S , 1 75

1584 , R eg i na l d S co t t p u b l i shed his Di s co very o f W i t chcra ft ,

in w h ic h b e expo s ed t hea b su rdi t y o f t he c ha rg es bro u g ht a g a i nst

t hi s c l a s s o f o ff end er s , a nd t he w ea k nes s o f t he evid enc e o n
w h i c h t h ey w er e u su a lly co nv ic t ed S co t t s book is o ne o f t he

m
.

o s t va l u a b l e w o r k s w e ha v e o n t he s u p er s t i t io n s pr e va l ent in
m m
En g l a n d a t t hi s t i e, b u t , l ik e o s t o t her o ld w ork s , it is co m
m
pi led , in a g r ea t d eg r ee, fro fo rei g n a u t hori t i es T he co u nt y .

of E s s ex ha d b ee n es p eci a lly ha u nt ed b y w i t c hes , a nd a n I nt el l i

g e n t a n d n o t ed pr ea c h er o f M a l do n G e or g e G i ff a rd w h o b e
mm m
, ,

long ed in s o e ea su r e t o t he s a e s c hoo l a s S co t t , p u b l i shed ,

in 1 5 8 7 , A Di s co u r s e o f t he S u b t i ll P r a c t ic es o f D ev i ll es b y
Wi t c hes a nd S orc er ers a n d , in 1 5 93, t he p u bl ic r ec ei v ed , fro m
m
t he s a e w ri t er ,

A Di a l o g u e co nc er ni ng W i t c hes a nd W i t c h
cr a f t , o f w hic h a no t her edi t io n w a s pri nt ed i n 1 6 03 . T hi s l a t
t er edi t io n o f a very c u rio u s book has b een r epri nt ed b y t he
Perc y S oci et y
m m
.

E ng l i s h w i t c hcr a ft , a t t hi s t i e, s ee s t o ha ve b een ent ir ely

fr ee fro m m m
t he ro a n t ic i n cid ent s w hic h fo r ed s o s t riki n g a
cha r a c t e ri st ic o f t he pop u l a r creed in o t her co u nt ri es W e ha v e .

no v o y a g es o u t t o s ea in s i eves ; n o w i t c hes s a bb a t hs ; no t ev en

a ny d ir ec t co m p a c t w i t h t he end T he w i t c hes a r e t he er e m
m m
.

v ic t i s o f t he ir o w n vi ndic t i v efeel i ng , a nd nd r ea dy i ns t ru ent s

m
in c er t a i n i p s , o f a very equ i voc a l c ha r a c t er , t o w r ea k t heir
m a l ic e o n m a n or b e a st m
T hes e i p s a r e r epr es ent ed a s a pp ea r
m m m
ing in t hefor o f s a ll a ni a l sg en er a lly t ho s ew hic h co eu n m
.

m
d er t he r ep u l s i v e t i t l e o f v er i n o r c a t s , a n d t hey s er ve er el y m
in r et u r n fo r t heir food m
T hey hea r u nd ig ni ed na es , l ik e Tyf
m m
.

n , P i g g i n, T i t t y , J a ck , T o , a nd t he l ik e M o t her S a w ell ,
.

t he w i t c h o f W a rbo y s , co nfes s ed t ha t she h a d n i ne s pir it s o r

m m
i p s , g i ven her by a n o l d a n, a nd t ha t t hr ee o f t he (co u si ns m
t o ea c h o t her ) w er e n a m ed ea c h o f t he m m S a ck : t he na es o fm
t he o t her s b ei ng Pl u ck , Bl u e, C a t c h , W hi t e, C a l ic u t , a nd H a rd
na m m
e O n e o f t he w o en a rr a i g ned a t C hel s ford , in 1 5 7 9 ,
. m
w a s a c cu s ed by her o w n s o n (a c hi l d o f ei ght y ea r s o f a g e, w ho
m
w a s ex a i ned in co u r t a s a w i t nes s a g a i ns t his m o t her ) o f k eep
,

ing t hree s piri t s ; o ne, w h ic h she c a ll ed G r ea t Dick , w a s eu

cl o s ed in a w ick er bo t t l e; t h e s eco nd , n a m ed L i t t l e D ick , w a s
p l a c ed in a l ea t her b o t t l e; a nd t he t hird , w hi c h w ent b y t he
na m e o f W i ll et , w a s k ep t in a w oo l p a ck A nd t h er eu po n t he
mm
.

ho u s e w a s co a u nd e d t o b e s ea r c hed . T he bo t t l es a n d p a ck e

w er e f o u nd , b u t t h e S piri t es w er e va ni sh ed a w a ie . O ne o f t he
w i t c hes o f S t O s yt hes ha d b een hea rd t o t a l k i n h er ho u s ew hen

.

s he w as k no w n t o b e a l o n e , a n d it w a s a t o nc e j u d g ed t ha t s he
1 76 S O R CE RY AND M AGIC .

t hen hel d co nver sa t io n w i t h her i p s m . A w i t ness in t his t r i a l

d epo s ed , t ha t o n c a ll i ng o n e o f t he a c c u s ed , a nd nd ing her not
a t ho m m
e, s he l o ok ed in t hro u gh t he c ha b er w i nd o w , a n d t her e
m
es pi ed a s piri t e t o l o ok eo u t o f a p o t c ha r d e fro u nd er a c l ot he,
t h e no s e t her eo f b eeing bro w ne l ik e u nt o a ferr et

T hese i p sm
m
.

w er e r epr es ent ed a s u su a lly a k i ng a v o l u nt a ry o ff er o f t he ir

se mm
r vic es , a l t ho u g h t hey s o et i es per s ecu t ed t heir vic t i s u nt i l m
t he m
y a d e u s e o f t he m m
O ne o f t he C hel s ford w i t c hes w as
m m
.

g oi n g fro t h e door of a a n w ho ha d r e f u se d t o
g i v e h er y ea st
f o r her br ea d , w hen s he w a s m et b y a d o g w hic h u nd er t oo k t o
m
r eveng eher o n t he a n w ho ha d dri ven her a w a y e p t y ha nd ed m -

m m
.

Th e i p s w er e o ft en t r a ns ferr ed fro o ne p e rs o n t o a no t her

m
.

O ne w i t c h, ent io ned in G r ii t h s

Di a l o gu e, co nfes s ed b e
for e a j u st ic e t ha t she ha d t hr ee spiri t s : o n e l ik e a ca t , w h ic h
s hec a ll ed L i ht foo t ; a no t he r l ik e a t o a d w hic h shec a ll e d L u nc h ;
g
a n d a t hird l ik e a w e a z el , w hic h s he c a ll e d M a k es hift . S he
s a id t ha t o ne M o t he r B a r lies o l d her L i g ht foo t a b o u t s ixt een y ea rs
b efo r e, in exc ha ng e fo r a n o venca k e, a nd t o l d her t he ca t w o u l d

m
do her g o o d s er vic e; if sh e w o u l d , she i g ht s end her o f her
err a nd ; t hi s ca t w a s w i t h her b u t a w hi l e; b u t t he w ea z el a nd
m
t o a d c a e a nd o er ed t heir s er v ic es
'

T he c a t w o u l d ki ll ki n e,
m
.

t he w ea z el w o u l d ki ll ho rs es , t he t o a d w o u l d p l a u e en in t h eir
g

bodi es A n o t her w i t c h ha d a spi r i t in t he l ik en es s o f a y ell o w
m
.

d u n ca t , w hic h r st c a e t o her , s he s a id , a s s he s a t b y t he r e,
w hen s he h a d fa ll en o u t w i t h a n ei hbor o f her s , a n d w is hed t he
g
ve ng ea n c e o f G o d m m
i ght f a ll o n hi a n d his
T he ca t b a d e
h er n o t b e a fr a id , she w o u l d d o her no ha r , s he h a d ser ved am
m
d a e ve y ea r s i n K ent , t ha t w a s n o w d ea d , a nd if s he w o u l d ,
s he w o u l d b e her s e r va nt An d w her ea s , s a id t he c a t , s u c h a

m m m
.

a n ha t h i su s ed t hee, if t ho u w i l t I w i ll p l a g u e hi in his ca t

t le S he s ent t he ca t , w hic h ki l l ed t hr ee ho g s a nd o n e co w

m
. .

A no t her w o a n c o n fes s ed
t h a t she h a d a spiri t w hic h did a bid e
i n a ho ll o w t r ee, w h er e w a s a ho l e, o u t o f w h ic h h e s p a k e u nt o
h er A nd ever w h en she w a s o ff end ed w i t h a ny, she w e nt t o
m
.

t ha t t r ee a nd s ent hi t o ki l l t h eir c a t t l e
. T he w ri t er a bo ve
q u o t ed , t ell u s t ha t , t here w a s o ne M o t her W , o f G rea t T ,

. .

w h ic h h a d a s pi r i t l ik e a w eez el ; she w a s o ff end ed h i g hly w i t h

o ne H M ; ho m e she w ent , a nd c a ll ed for t h her spiri t , w hic h
m
. .

l a y in a p o t o f w oo l u nd er her b ed ; she w i ll ed hi t o g o a nd
m
p l a gu e t he a n H e r eq u ired w ha t she w o u l d g i ve h i , a nd he m
m
.

w o u l d k i ll H M S he s a id she w o u l d g i v e hi a cock , w hic h

m
. .

s he did , a nd he w e nt , a n d t h e a n fe ll s ick w i t h a g r ea t p a i n in
his b elly , l a ng u i shed , a nd di ed .

 W HIT E WIT C H ES

. 1 77

Su c h is t he g ener a l pic t u re o f t he vu l g a r a nd u ni a g i na t i v e m
sorc ery cr ee
-
d o f E ngl a nd in t he r ei g n o f g ood Q u een B es s I t
m m m
.

w a s ex t end ed a n d i pri nt ed s t i ll o r e d eep ly o n p eop l es i nd s

b y a c l a s s o f d es i gni ng p eo pl e w ho p r o t ed b y t heir c r ed u l i t y ,

and s et u p t o b e w ha t w er e c a ll ed w hi t e w i t c hes T h es e p eo
m m
.

le r e e d ed o b e a s t er s or i st r esse s o f t hes o rc e r e r s a r t , a nd

p p t n t
mm m
b y s o e y s t erio u s ea n s t o k no w w hen p eopl e w er eb ew i t c h ed ,
m
who w a s t he w i t c h , a n d ho w by t hei r c ha r s t o co u n t er a c t her
e vi l i n u e nc e . M a ny w ho ha d exp er i en c ed l o ss es , or w ho l a
b o r ed u n d er di s ea s e, r ep a i r ed t o s u c h p er s o ns a s t hes e, a nd t hey
m
hes i t a t ed no t t o c ha rg e t h eir i s fo rt u n es t o a n y po o r , a g ed , a nd
m
def en c el es s w o a n in t heir n ei g hborhood m m
S o et i es t hey
m m m
.

sh o w ed t he t he w i t c h in a a ic a l
g g l a ss ; a t ot he r t i e s t h ey
m m
,

in s t r u c t ed t h e in c er t a i n c ha r s a nd o t her p r oc es s es w hic h
w ou ld m a k e t he w i t c h e s co me a n d s ho w t he s el ves m . T he r e m
ed i es o f t h e w hi t e w i t c h w er e g en er a lly o f a r idic u l ou s c h a r a c
t er , b u t t he pop u l a r cr ed u l i t y o f t he a g e w a s op en t o ev er v ki nd
o f d ec ep t io n .

T he e o r t s o f R eg i n a l d S co t t a nd G eo r g e G i a r d , w er e r en
' '

m
.

d er ed i neff ec t u a l by t he a cc essio n o f J a es o f S co t l a nd t o t he
En g l fs h t hr o n e, w ho p a s s ed a n ew a n d s ever e l a w a g a i nst w i t c h
cr a f t , in w hic h it no w b ec a m m m
ea l o s t a c r i e t o di sb el i ev e W e
m
.

a r e t o l d t ha t Ki n g J a es c a r ri ed his ho s t i li t y t o t he w r i t i ng s o f
S co t t t o t he l en g t h o f b a u s ing his Di s c o v ery o f W i t c hcr a ft t o

b e b u r n t w hen ev er he ha d a n opp o r t u ni t y .

I t w a s u nd er t he i n u en c e o f t hi s r ei g n t ha t w i t ch c r a ft no t
only b ec a m e a s u bj ec t o f d eep p u b l ic a t t en t io n b u t t ha t i t c a e m
m m
,

i nt o es p eci a l fa v o r a o ng t he po et s T he v u l g a r fo r u nd er
.

w h ic h it ha d sho w n i t s el f in t h e p r ec edi n g r ei g n w o u l d l ea d u s
t o l o ok f o r a ny t h i n g r a t h er t ha n t he po et r y o f w i t c hc r a ft ; b u t in
t h e w i l d er l eg end s o f F r a n c e a n d S co t l a n d , t h er e w er e m a ny

m m
t ra i t s o f a hi g hly i a g i na t i ve a n d ro a n t ic c ha r a c t er , w hi c h
m a d e t he w i t c h e s n o u n t i n s t r u ment s o f su p er na t u r a l a g enc y in
t h e co nc ep t io ns o f t h e po et . Na t u r es o w n b a r d s ee s t o ha ve

m
b een t he rst w ho c a ll ed i n t h i s new a g enc y t o h is a id a n d he
cl ot hed it w i t h new a t t ribu t es w hic h a pp ea r t o s ho w a n a cq u a i nt
a nc e w i t h t he a nci ent po u l a r
p m y t h o l o g y o f t h e nor t h er n p e o pl e.

T he t hr ee w i t c hes in M a cb et h a p p ea r a s t h ew ei r d s i s t er s or fa t es
o f t he S c a ndi n a vi a n m y t hol o g y , xi ng a nd w a t c h i ng t h e fa t e o f
m
indi v idu a l s i n t he hou r o f b a t t l e; a n d a l o s t i n t he s a e b r ea t h m
m m
t hey a n s w er t he c a ll s o f t heir fa i l i a r i p s , l ik e t he w i t c hes o f
El i z a b et h s t i e

m .
1 73 s o ncs nv A ND M AGIC .

l at Wit ch W . hen s h
e t r ee eet a g a in,
a ll w h m
h I n t u nd er l ig ht ning , o r in r a in ?
,

2d I Vit h h c h
. d
W en t he u r ly b u r ly s o ne, -

h b W en t he a t t les lo st a nd w on
'
.

8 d I Vit h Th t
-
. a t w ill b e er e set o f s u n .

l t V
a V h h r . W er es t he p la c e 7

2d I l t h
h h U po n t he ea t
3d I Vm
I c

m
. .

h Th -
h b
er e t o eet w it M a c et h
m mk
. .

l t
s hu h I co e G r a y a l in !
ca ll s no n !
.
,

A ll dd k . A Pa oc

O n t h eir s econd a p p ea r a nc e t h e t hr ee w i t c hes ha ve b een em

p l oy ed in occ u p a t io ns p erfec t ly in a g r eem
,

ent w i t h t hei r p op u l a r
c ha r a c t er .

l t l Vi t eh W h e e h a t t h
s . b een ist er ? r s ou , s

2d IV t h K illi g w i e
z r . n s n .

3d I V t h t c Si t e w h e e t h
. ? s r, r ou

l l IV t h A il w ife h d he t n t in h e l a p

sa or s a c s u s r
nd m n hed a nd m
s zc
A nd m
. ,

hed o n he
o u nc d a ou c u c

Gi e m
.
, ,

e q th I v u o

A i t t hee m t he m
.
,

t h ro u p fed ro y n c ies c ru n o r

H e h b d t A lep p g ne m
-
.
,

a ter of t he T ige
'

r u s an r ; s o o o , s
B t in ie e I ll t h it h e il

u a s v r sa ,

k
A nd l i e a c a t w it ho u t a t a il,
I 11 d o I ll d o , a nd


.

11 do I . a

W hen t hey n ex t c o m e o n t he s c en e w e nd t ha t t hey ha v ea

r ior t o w ho mS ha k sp er e g i ves t he c l a s sic na m
,

su p e e o f H eca t e
a nd b y w ho s e p er m
, ,

i s s i o n it a p pea r s t ha t t hey ex erci s et heir a r t s

H ec a t e m
.

eet s t he t hr ee w i t c hes

I sl l V/t r h W hy yo u look a ng r il
ho w no w H eca t e? y
m
.

H
, ,

He
c a ve no t r ea so n
. I
el d a es a s y o u a r e, b .

S a u cy a n d o ver ol ? H o w d id yo u a r e -
b d d
d
T o t r a e a nd t r a f c w it M a c et , h b h
dd
I n r i les, a nd a ff a ir s o f ea t ; d h
A nd I , t he is t r es s o f o u r c a r s, m y h m
T he close co n t r iv er o f a ll a r s , h m
W a s n ever ca lle t o hea r y p a r t , d m
O r s o w t heg lo r o f o u r ar t ? h y
Ev en H ec a t e, in t he co nc l u s io n, confes ses to ha vi ng a fa mi li a r ,

to w h o s e c a ll s he ob ey s .

H k I a
ar c a lle m d my lit t le pi it see s r
d d t y f me
, , ,
S it s in a f og g clo u y , an s a s or .

T heir pl a c e o f bod e is a d a r k c a ve w her e t hey m

a ix i n t hei r
mgic t he horrib l e a nd l o a t hs o m
, ,

a c a l dro n e i ng r edi ent s o f t he ir

rm
,

cha s

M iddl et o n S ha k sp er es co n t em
.

pora r y w ho s e w i t c h po et r y he
-

a r s t o ha v e i m
, ,

ap e
p i t ated ha s le f t a p l ay e nt i t l ed T he W i t c h
.
, .

H er e a g a i n t he a bod e o f H ec a t e is a c a v e a nd t he boi l ing ca l

d ro n g u r es in it b u t t h e m
,

y st ic t ri a d o f t he w i t c hes is cha nged

,
 MIDD L E T O N S W I TCH E S
. 1 79

t o an i nd e ni t e nu m b er fo u r o f w ho mb ea r t he na m es o f S t a d
l in H o p p o H ell w a in a nd P u ckl e; a nd t heir fa m
,

, , , i l i a r s a r e ca ll ed
T et t y T if n S u ck in Pid g en L i a rd a nd R obi n I t i s ev id ent
f ro mt hi s a nd s ever a l o t her c irc u m
, , , , , . .

, s t a nc es t ha t M idd l e t o n ha d ,

b een s t u dy i ng R eg i na l d S co t t a nd t he w i t c h t ri a l s o f t he pr ec e
I n M idd l et o n t he w i t c hes r equ ire a n oi nt m
,

d i ng rei g n ent (l ik e
t hew i t c hes o f t he co nt i nent ) t o t r a ns fer t hem
.
,

se l v es t o a di st a n c e .

The a ir iness of S ha k sp eres cr ea t io ns ha s t o t a lly di s a pp ea r ed

.

He
r . H er e t ak et h is u nba p t iz ed br a t
, ;
G iv i ng t hede a d b o dy o
f a ch il d) .

B o il it w ell ; pr eser v e t he fa t ;
Y o u k no w t t s p r ecio u s t o t r a nsf er

h '

d
O u r no inte es int o t he a ir ,

m h h
I n oo nlig t nig t s, o n st ee l et o s, -

M o u nt a i ns a nd p inet r ees, a t 1i e p r ick s o r st eps

m
.

h h h h
S ee t o o u r eig t ; ig t o w er s a nd r oo fs o f p r inces
h h
Lik e w r inkles in t heea r t : w ol e p r o v inces
A h h
p p ea r t o o u r sig t t en even leek ( Mr s)
A m
r u as et dy h
o leu po n a l a s c e ek

.

W hen u n r e lea g u es in a ir , w efea st a nd s ing ,

h d d
D a nce, k iss, a nd cu il, u seev er y t hi n
h y m
W a t ou ng a n ca n w ew is t o p ea s u r eu s,
h
y m b
B u t w eenj o hi in a n incu u s ?

W e ca n no t b u t feel t he d egr a d a t io n o f t he c l a ss ic H eca t e ,

w hen r ed u c ed t o a v u l g a r w i t c h a nd r eveng i ng h er s el f o n t ho s e ,

w ho h a d d eni ed her t rii ng s u i t s

He c I s t he h ea r t o f w a x
m
.

St u ck f u l l o f a g i c ne e les ? d
S l a d ka T is o ne, Hec a t e d
'

m
. .

A nd is t h e fa r er s p ict u r ea nd his w ifes

La i dd
o w n t o t he r e y et ?

S t u d Th ey r e a r o sa t in b o t h t oo

m m
. .

He s Go od ! ( e x it S t a in Then t heir ar r ow s a r e a elt ing su bt ly

m m
-
. .
,

A nd t h r ee o nt h s sick ne ss s u ck s u p lif e in e
'

dm m
.

They d enie eoften o u r ba con a nd ilk, , .

G ooseg r es se, a nd t a r w h en I neer hu r t t h eir chu r nings,

o
,

Th eir br ew lock s no r t h eir ba t ch es, no r fo r espo k e

m m
-
,

A ny of t h eir br eed ing s New 1 ll b e eet w it h e '

.
,

S ev en o f t heir yo u ng p ig s 1 v ebew it c h ed a l r ea d y ,
'

O f t hel a st lit t er ;
d
Ni ne u ck ling s, t hir t een g osling s, a nd a hog ,
m
F ell la el ast Su n a y a f t er even song , t oo ;
d
m
-

A nd a r k ho w t h e ir sh eep p r os er o r w h a t su p
p
m
,

E a ch ilch k ine g iv es t o t hep a i l ; 1 1] sen t h r ee sna k es d

S h a ll il k e a ll m m '

B efor eh a nd ; t he d ew sk ir t e a ir y w ench es -
dd -

S h a ll s t ro k ed r y u g s fo r t h is a nd go h o ecu r sing
d m
m
. .

I ll ar t h eir syll a u bs a nd s w a t h fea s t ing s

'
b
U nd er co w s bell ies w i t h t he p a r is yo u t hs
'
.

H ec a t e in M i ddl et o n s p l a y
ha s a s o n na ed F ir est o ne w ho m '

mot her de d t h m
, , ,

w ishes his a at he a y ha veher pr o p ert y ; a nd she

1 80 S O RC ERY A ND M AGI C .

forek n o w s th a t her d e a th w i ll h a ppen th a t d a y t hr ee yea r s a t

mid night T he n e xt ti me w e a r e i ntrod u ced t hew i t che s meet
i n a e l d b y m oo nl ight prep a red t o t a ke their a c c u s to m
.
,

ed i g ht ;
a nd a m o ng the re st H ec a te a s ce nd s w ith her fa m i l i a r im
,

, p
c No w I g o, no w I y
He
m
. ,

M a lk in, y s w eet s p ir i t , a nd I ,
0 w h a t a d a int y p l eas u r e t is

T o r id e i n t h e a ir
m
W hen t he oo n shin es fa ir ,
A nd s ing a nd d a nc e, a nd t o y a nd kiss
O v er w ood s hig h r ock s a nd ou nt a ins, m
m
, ,

O ver sea s o u r i s t r ess fo u nt a ins,

'

O v er s t eep t o w er s a nd t u r r et s,
\V e y b n ig ht

, m
o ng st t r o o p s of s ir it s
p .

No r ing 0 b o lls t o o u r ea r s so u nd s,
No ho w ls o f w o lv es, no yelp s o f ho u nd s ;
No , no t t heno iseo f w a t er s b r ea ch, '

O r c a nno n s t hr o a t , ou r h eig ht c a n r ea ch

.

T he a ll u s io ns t o t he em b l ie s o f the w itche s beco m

gre a t a ss e it ,

w i ll be s ee n s tro ng er a nd s tro nger ; b u t it w a s l eft t o t he ge n i u s

the to bri ng o n the s ce n e a ll the m
,

o f Go e a r ve l s a nd a ll the

a bo m i na tio ns o f the w itche s s a bb a th

I n the T e m pe s t the spiritu a l p a rt o f the p l ot is m

.

ore de l ic a te
ly i m P ro spero is the m a gic i a n in hi s m
,

a gi na ti ve . o s t re ned

ch a r a cter a ki nd o f tr a ns ce nde nt a l Dr Dee; a nd A rie l is a
s pirit tha t ha s b ee n bro u ght u n der the w itche s po w er no t a di
.

a b o l ica l im b u t o ne o f the fa irie s o r good peop l e a c l w e

p , a ss ,

h a ve a l re a d y s ee n gu ri n g in the w itchcr a ft c a s e s in S cotla nd

a nd w hich w e sh a ll no w nd u nder the s a m e circu m
,

st a n ce s in

S o u th Brita i n .

H a st t ho u fo r g o t
Th e fo u l w it ch Syco r a x w ho w it h a ea nd envy
g
.

W a s t g r o w n int o a ho o p ? ha st t ho u or )t her ?
m
T his d a n ed w i t ch yco r a x,
F or m m
i schi ef s a ni fol d , a nd so r cer ies t er r ib le
m
T o en t er h u a n h ea r ing f ro , m
A r g i er ,
T ho u k no w s t , w a s b a nis hed ; fo r on et hing shed i d,
T hey w o u ld no t t a k e her life .

T his b l u eey ed ha g w a s hit her b r ou g ht w it h chil d,

m
-

A nd her e w a s l eft b y t h e s a ilo r s : t ho u , y sl a v e,

A s t ho u r ep o r t s t t hy s elf, w a s t t hen her ser va nt :
A nd fo r t ho u w a s t a s p ir it t o o d el ica t e
mm
,

T o a ct her ea r t hy a nd a b ho r r ed co a nd s .

R ef u si ng her g r a nd hes t s, sh e d id co nfi ne t hee,

B y hel p o f her m
o r e p o t ent m
inis t er s,
A nd i n her m
o st u n m
it ig a b l e r a g e ,

I nt o a clo ven p ine; w it hin w hich r ift

m
I p r i so ned , t ho u d id s t p a inf u l ly r e a in m
A d oz en y ea r s ; w i t hin w hich sp a ce shed ied .

A nd l eft t hee t her e; w her e t ho u d id st v ent t h g r o ans

y
m
.

A s fa s t a s ill w heels st r ik e T hen w a s t his i sla nd

-
.

(S a vefor t heson t h a t shed id lit t er t her e,

 BEN J O NS O N
. . 1 81

A f r eck led w help , ha g b or n ) not honor ed w it h

m
-

A hu a n sha p e .

An o w n d ra m
u nk n a ti s t co nte m pora r y w ith S h a k spere a nd
,

M idd l eto n brou ght o n t he s ta ge the pop u l a r ch a r a cter o f the

ma gici a n in the pl a y o f the M erry De vi ls o f
,

R a re B en J ons o n co m p l ete s the trio o f co nt e m

,

pora ry w itch
cr a ft po et s a nd a gl oriou s trio it w a s Jo nson de s c e
.

-
,
n d s e ntire
.

ly t o the su ppo s ed re a l itie s o f the d a y The w itch es in his

M a s q u e o f Q u ee ns per form ed be fore K i ng J a m
.

e s ho l d a co n
v ent i c l e l ik e tho s e o f L othi a n w ith w h o s e pr a ctice s h is m
, ,

aje s ty

w a s s o t h oro u gh ly co nv er s a nt ; a nd the poet ha s i n the m

,

a rgi n

su b s ta nti a ted a l m o st e v ery w ord b y a m a ss o f l e a r ned qu ot a tio n s

fro m B o d inu s a nd El ich a nd Rem igi u s a nd De l rio a nd a

w ho l e ho st o f forei g n w riter s o n the s u bj ect o f de m
, , , ,

o nol ogy
El e v e n w itche s a ppe a r a t their p l a ce o f m
.

eeti ng a nd ndi n g
da m
,

t h a t the o ne cho s e n for their pre s ide nt or e is no t a rri v ed ,

the y j oi n in c a ll i ng her u p
T hew ea t her is fa ir , t hew in d is g ood ,
m
U p , d a e, o n yo u r ho r s e o f w ood :
O r el se t u ck u p yo u r g r a y f r o ck ,
A nd sa d d leyo u r g o a t , o r y o u r g r een cock ,
A nd m a k ehis b r i d l e a b o t t o o f t hr ead, m
T o r o ll u p ho w a ny m m
iles you h a ver id
m
.

Q u ick l y co e a w a y ;
F o r w e a ll st a y .

Of the gree n cock s a y s J ons on w e h a ve no other gro u nd
, ,

o c on fe s s i nge nu o u sly ) th a n a v u l g a r f a b l e o f a w itch th a t w ith

(t
a c ock o f th a t co l or a n d a bot t o mo f b l u e thre a d w o u l d tr a n s port
,

hers e l f thro u gh the a ir ; a nd s o e s c a ped (a t the ti m

, ,

e o f her bei n g
bro u ght to e x ec u tio n) fro mthe h a nd o f j u stic e I t w a s a ta l e
.

w h en I w e nt to s choo l .

T hi s is a s o l it a ry tr a ditio n o f the El i za b eth a n w itche s w hich

is w orth w ho l e p a ge s o f the i nfor m
,

a tio n co nt a i n ed in the pri nted

a cco u nt s o f their tri a l s A fter three i nv oc a tio ns in the a bo v e

da m e m
.

s t yl e the a k e s he r a ppe a r a n ce a nd the y the n r ela t e

t o o ne a nother the e v i l deed s i n w hich they h a ve bee n e m

, ,

pl oy ed
O ne ha d bee n g a th eri ng the m
.

a ndr a k e a p l a nt o f s u pe r s titio n

a n d a p o w er f u l i ng redie nt in their ch a rm
,

s
I l a st nig ht l a a l l a lo ne
O n t heg r o u n t o hea r t he a nd r a k eg r o a n ; m
A nd pl u ck ed hi m
u p , t ho u g h he gr ew fu ll lo w ;
A nd , as I ha d d o n e, t he co ck d id cr o w .

It my b e
a ob ser ved t ha t t he l eg en d
Pet er a b el o f Ed
of F
o nt o n , o n w hich m
t his p l a y w a s fo u nd ed , w a s ev id ent l
y id e n t i c a l w it h a er a n p o p u l a G m
r st o r
y w hich
m
,

w a s t u r ned int o E ng l is h ver seu n d er t he t it le o f T he S it h of A po ld a , a nd w a s

"

p u b li s h ed i n E n g la nd in a p er iod ic a l ent it le d TheO r ig ins a nd r e r int e d in Mr

m G m p .

Tho s La ys a nd L eg end s of er a ny
' "
.

16
 1 82 SORCERY AND M AGIC .

A n other ha d s mot hered an infa nt in it s cr a dl e

U nd e d id cr eep ,
r a cr a d le I
By d a a nd w hen t he child w as asle ep
A t nig t I su ck ed t he b r ea t h , a nd r ose,
.

A nd p l u ck ed t heno d d ing nu r seb y t henose .

A nother h a d obta i ned the fa t o f a n u nb a pti z ed a nd b a s eb o r n chi ld -

,

w hich a s w e h a v e s ee n w a s a pri n cip a l i ngredie n t in the oint

me nt tha t e na b l ed the mto p a s s throu gh the a ir t o the pl a ce of
, ,

their meeti ng
I ha d a d a g g er , w ha t d id I w it h t ha t ?
K ill ed a n infa nt t o ha vehis f a t ,
A p iper it g o t a t a chu r ch a l e .

H a v i ng prod u ced their i ngr edie n ts the w itch e s co m me nced

their ch a r m
,

s a n d i nc a nt a tio n s the obj ect o f w hich a ppea r s t o b e

t o prod u ce a s tor m T hi s s ee m
,

s t o h a v e b ee n i nte nded t o r e

mi nd the ki ng o f the te mpe sts w hich he b el ie ved the S cott ish

.

w itche s ha d r a i s ed to o b s tr u ct himo n h is ret u r n f ro mDe nm a rk

a few y e a r s be fore . T he w ho l e co n c l u de s w ith a d a n ce f u ll

,

o f prepo s terou s ch a n ge a nd ge s tic u l a tio n

The m o s t pl e a s i ng co m
.

po s itio n o f t hi s ag e in w hich t he ,

a ge nc y o f w itchcr a ft is i ntrod u ced is B e n J o nso n s u n ni shed

dr a m T he w itc h here tr a n s form

, .

a o f the S a d S hepherd .
s
her s e l f r s t i nto a r a ve n the n i nto M a id M a ri a n a nd in the se
qu e l it s ee m s th a t she w a s t o t a ke the for m
, ,

o f a b a r e a nd be s o

hu nted T he s e ch a nge s she a ppe a r s t o h a ve e ff ec t ed by m ea ns

of a m
.

a gic gird l e

B u t hea r ye, Dou ce, b eca u s e y e a y m m m eet e

In m an
y s ha pe s t o d a y , w he
-
r ee

r yo u sp
' y
T hi s b r o w d er ed b elt , w i t h cha r a ct er s, t t s I .

A G y p s a n l a d y , a nd a r ig ht b eld a ni e,
m m
W r o u g ht it b y oo nshin efo r e, a nd st a r lig ht
U m
,

s g r a v e, t ha t v e i h

n g r a nna r y n g t
m
p o o u r
y
W e ea r t hed her in t hesha d es w hen o u r d a eH eca t e
M a d eit her g a ing ni g ht o ver t hek ir k y ar d , -

W i t h a ll t he b a r k a nd p a r ish t ik es set a t her ,

m
W hile I sa t w h r l a n d o f y b r a z en spindle;
m
A t ever y t w ist e t hr id y r o ck let y
U n t o t hes e w st e r , w ho d id si t m enig h,
U n de r t het o w n t u r np ik e , w hich r a n e a ch spe ll
Shest it ched in t hew o r k , a nd k n it it w ell .

T he Egy pti a ns , or gy p s i e s , occ u r e l s e w here a s a ge nt s in

w itchcr a ft It m a
y a l s o b e ob s er ved , th a t the w itch s pok e n o f

m m
.

a ppe a r s here u ch in t he s a e ch a r a cter a s in S h a k sp ere a nd

M iddl eto n Jo ns o n s de s criptio n o f the w itch s p l a c e o f r esor t

m
.

is e xtre e ly e l eg a nt .

W m m
it hin a g loo y d i b lesh ed o t h d w ell ,
Dow n in a p it , o er g ro w n w it h b r ak es and b r ier s,
'
 T HE W IT CH O F EDM ONT ON . 1 88

C los eb y t her u i ns of a sha k en a b b ey.

To r n w i t h a n ea r t hq u a k ed o w n u nt o t heg r ou nd ,
'
M ou g st g r a v es a nd g r o t s nea r a n o ld ch a r nel ho u se,
m
-

W her e o n sha ll nd her s it t i ng in her fou r ,

A s fea u l a nd m
el a ncho l ic a s t ha t
S heis a b o u t ; w it h ca t er p illa r s k ell s,

A nd k no t t y cob w eb s r o u nd ed in w it h s pells
, .

T henceshes t ea ls fo r t h t o r elief in t he fog s,

m
A nd r o t t en is t s , u p on t he f ens a nd b o g s ,
Dow n t o t he d r o w ned l a nd s o f L inco lnshir e
m m
T o a k e ew es ca st t hei r l a b s, s w ineea t t hei r f ar r o w ,
T he ho u sew iv es t u n no t w o r k no r t h e ilk chu r n l

, m
W r it hec hild r en s w r ist s, a nd s u c k t heir b r ea t h in sleep ,

G et via ls o f t heir b loo d ! a nd w her e t he s ea

m
C a st s u p his sli y oo z e sea r ch fo r a w eed
m
.

T o o p en loc k s w it h, a nd t o r ivet cha r s,

Pl a nt ed a b o u t h er in t he w ick ed fea t
O f a ll her m
ischiefs w hich a r e a nifold ,
n
m .

Ther e i n t hes t ock s of t r ees w hit efa ies d o d w ell ,

, ,

A nd sp a n lo ng elves t ha t d a nce a b o u t a p oo l ,
m
-

W i t h ea ch a l it t lecha ng eling in t heir a r s

T her e a ir y s p ir i t s p la y w it h f a lling st a r s
m m
,

A nd ou nt t he s p her e o f r e t o k i ss t he oon l
W hil e shesit s r ea d ing b y t he glo w w o r s lig ht , '
m
m
-

O r r o tt en w ood o er w hich t he w o r
m
h a t h cr ep t ,

-
,

T he b a nef u l s ch ed u l e of her nocent cha r s,

A nd b ind ing cha r a ct er s t hr o u g h w h ich she w ou nd s
H er p u p p et s, t h e sig ill a o f h er w it chcr a ft .

m
I t b ec a e no w a ki n d o f fa shio n t o i n trod u ce w itche s u po n
t h e s t a ge , a n d m a n y dr a m
a s w ere prod u ced i n w hich s orcer y

m
fo r ed a p a rt o f the p l ot Few o f the s e h a v e bee n pre s er ved ,
m
.

o r , a t l e a s t , a r e k no w n to e x i st No n e o f their w riter s a tte pt

m
.

ed , l ik e S h a k spere , to s piritu a l i z e t he ch a r a cter ; the y ere ly

ropo s ed , l ike the ir de s ce nd a nt s o f the pre s e nt a g e, to prot b y
p
m
the a ni a o f the d a y, a nd , pictu ri ng w itche s a s the y w ere , or a s
the y w ere su p po s ed to be he l d th emu p t o the pu b l ic odi u m
T he W itch o f Ed m
.
,

O ne p l a y s ti ll e xi sti ng onto n is s a id t o b e
the j oi nt e ff ort s o f s e v er a l a u thor s (a m o ng w ho mis e nu m
, ,

er a ted
p erh a p s fa l s e ly t he dr a m
,

a ti s t F ord ; it is fo u n ded o n the tri a l

)
a n d e x ec u tio n o f a w itch o f th a t p l a ce na m
,

ed El i z a b eth S a w y er
in 1 622 a nd it s obj ect s ee m
, ,

s to h a v e bee n to s ho w th a t o l d w o

men w ere o fte n dri ve n to their pre su m ed co m

,

p a ct w ith t he de vi l

b y per s ec u tio n M other S a w y er is i ntrod u ced g a theri ng
s tic k s in a w ood a nd s o l i l oq u i z i ng o n her m
.

, i s ery :
A nd w hy o nm e7 w hy sho u ld t heenv io u s w o r ld
T hr o w a l f t heir sc a nd a lo u s a l ic e u p o n e1m m
'
I m
Ca u se a p oo r , d efo r
'
d a m
nd ig no r a n t , .

A nd lik e a b o w b u ck led a nd b en t t o g et her ,

mm
B y so e o r e st r o ng in ischi efs t ha n y self, m m
m mm
,

M u st I fo r t ha t b e a d e a co o n s ink

F o r a l l t he lt h a nd r u b b ish of en s t o ng u es

m
To f a ll a nd r u n int o ? So eca ll ew i t ch, m m
1 84 S O R C ERY A ND M A GIC .

A nd b eing ig nor a nt o f ysel f: t hey go m

m
,

A b o u t t o t ea c h e ho w t o b eo ne; u r g ing ,
m
T ha t y b a d t o ng u e (b y t heir b a d u s a ge a d eI t ) m
F o r es penk s t heir ca t t le d o t h b ew it ch t heir co r e,
m
,

T he s el ves t heir ser va nt s a nd t heir b a b es a t nu r se

m
. . .

T his t h ey enf or ce u po n e; a nd in p a r t
M a k eo n et o cr ed it i t .

A ft er b ei n g i nterr u pted b y the e n tr a nce of a p a rty of cou nt r ymen

w ho i nsu l t her , s he co nt i nu e s
I a shu nned m
A nd ha t ed l ik ea sick ness ; a d e a sco r n m
T o a ll d eg r ees a nd sex es l h a v e hea r d old b eld a es m
m m
.

T a lk o f f a il ia r s in t he sh a of ice,
R a t s, fer r et s w ea s els , a nd w e t no t w ha t .
m
,

T ha t ha v e a p p ea r ed , a nd su ck ed , so esa y , t heir b lood

B u t b y w ha t m m
ea ns t h ey ca e a cq u a int ed w it h t he , m
m
I a no w ig no r a nt o u ld so e po w er , good or b ad . '

m
m m
.

I ns t r u c t ew hich w a y I ig ht b e r eveng ed
U p o n t his chu t l I d g o o u t o f
,

y sel f; m
A nd g iv e t his f u r y lea v e t o d w ell w it h in
T his r u ined co t t a g e, r ea d y t o fa ll w it h a g e;
A b j u r e a l l g o o d ness he a t ha t e w it h p r a ye r ;
A nd s t ud y cu r s es , i p r eca t io ns m
m
,

B la s p he o u s s p eeches o a t hs, d et est ed o a t hs,

m
,

O n a ny t hing t h a t s ill ; so I ieht w o r k

'

R ev enu e u po n t his m
iser , t his b l a ck cu r ,
T ha t b ar k s , a nd b it es a nd s u cks t he v er y b lood
m m
.

Of e, a nd o f y cr ed it T is a ll one,
'
.

To b ea w it ch a s t o b e co u nt ed o n e .

W hi l e she is in thi s t em pe r t he de m o n a ppe

,
a r s in t h e s h a
p e o f
a b l a ck dog a n d nd s l i t t l e d if c u l t y in s ed u c i n g he r t o his
, p u r

p o ses .

A few y e a r s a fter t he occ u rre nce w hich fu r ni sh ed t he p l ot o f

t he piece j u s t d es cribed t h e w itche s o f L a nc a shire w er eb rou ght
o n the s t a ge in a s i m ila r m
,

a nner in the joi nt prod u ctio n o f H e

w ood a n d B rom e B u t there i s l e s s o f the poetr y o f w it ch

cr a ft i a thi s p l a y th a n in o ne o n the s a m e su bj e ct c o m
.

p os e d
a bo ve h a l f a ce n t u ry l a ter b y T ho m
,

a s S h a d w e ll a nd c e r t ai nl
n o t o ne o f the w or s t o f t he co m po s itio ns o f this dra m S ha d!
,

a ti s t

w e ll pro fe s s ed ly co ll ected the m

.

a teri a l s fo r his w itchc r a ft cr e a

tio ns o u t o f the w ri t i ng s o f the w itch m
onger s a s he ca ll s -

the m a nd he ha s t u r n ed i nto v er s e the qu a l itie s w hich ha d pr e

,

v io u s to h is ti m e bee n i m
,

pu ted t o the w itche s o f va r io u s co u n

trie s a nd ti m es
T he poet r y o f w itchcr a ft for m s a m
.

a rk ed r nt o f di vis i o n b e
p o

t w ee n the Engl i s h s u perstitio ns o f the s i xtee n th c e nt u r y a nd

tho s e o f the s e ve ntee nth T he l e a r ned cred u lity o f J a m
. es I .
,

a nd the i n u e n ce o f S co t t i s h prej u dic e s ha d a fa t a l eff ec t u po n ,

tha t a nd t hefo ll o w i n g a g e B u t o u r s orcery cre ed o f t he ser

.
 W IT C HC RA F T IN F R ANCE . 1 85

ent eent h c e ntu r y co n t a i ned s o m

u ch a dopted fro m
the r ecita l s o f
forei g n w riter s , th a t it w i ll be n ec e s s a r y to tu r n fro m
it a w hi l e
u nti l w e h a v e p a ss ed t he ch a n n e l to p a y o u r re s pect s t o t he
,

sorc e re r s o f Fra nc e .

C H A PT ER XV

W I T C H C R AFT I N F R A NC E I N THE S I X T EE NT H C E NT U R Y .

I N E ngl a nd , a s w e h a ve see n , the popu l a r creed w ith reg a rd

t o w itchcr a ft w a s n e i t her e l a bor a te n o r per f ect , w hi l e o n the c o n
t inen t , it ha d bee n a ss u m m m m
i ng a for fa r ore s y ste a tic a nd c o m
l e t e th a n th a t w hich it pre s e nted a t a n e a rl ier period T h i s
p
m
.

a ro s e o n o ne s ide f ro t he decree s o f ecc l e s i a s tic a l co u n ci l s ,

w hic h te nded m m
ore th a n a ny thi ng e l s e to i pre ss o n pe epl e s

m i nd s the co nv ictio n o f it s tr u th , a nd o n the other fro t he m

m
nu m
ero u s tre a ti s e s o f l e a r ned en w ho u ndertook to a rr a nge a nd
m
di s c u s s the v a rio u s s t a te e nts p u t i nto , r a ther tha n e x t r a cted
m
fro , the m m m
o u th s o f the i nnu er a b l e v icti s to t he su per stitio n
o f the a g e . T hi s a l s o te nded no t a l ittl e to red u c e to o ne o de m
t he p o p u l a r b el ie f o f di ff ere n t co u ntrie s , a nd w e sh a ll thu s nd
\

th a t t h rou ghou t the s i xt ee nt h ce n tu ry t hes orcery creed s o f F r a n ce ,

-

m
G er a ny , I t a l y, a n d S p a i n, s c a rce ly di ffer fro m e a ch other , a nd
we m a
y f a ir ly t a ke t he r s t a s a ty pe o f the m a ll .

Du ring t hee a rl ier p a rt o f the si xtee nth ce nt u ry , t ri a l s fo r w itch

cr a ft i a Fr a nc e a r e o f r a re occ u rre nce , a n d there a r e no c a s e s
o f gr ea t i m porta nce recorded ti l l a fter the y e a r 1 5 60 I n 1 5 6 1 ,
m
.

a nu ber o f per s o ns w ere brou ght to tri a l a t V er no n, a cc u s ed o f

h a v ing he l d their s a bb a th a s w itc h e s i n a n o l d r u i ned c a stl e , in
t he s h a pe o f c a ts ; a nd w it n e s s e s de po s ed to h a vi ng s ee n the
a ss em m
b ly , a nd to h a vi n g s u ff ered fro the a tta ck s o f the p s e u do
fel i ne c ons pir a tor s B u t the co u rt thre w o u t the c ha rge , a s w o r
m m
.

th y o n l y o f ridic u l e I n 1 5 64 , three en a nd a w o a n w er eex

m
.

se nted a t Poiti e r s , a fter h a vi n g bee n a de to co nfe ss t o v a rio u s

a cts o f s orcer y ; a m on g other thi ng s the y s a id t h a t th ey ha d reg
m
,

u la r ly a tte nded t he w itche s s a bb a th , w hich w a s he l d three ti es

a ye a r , a nd th a t the d e m o n w ho p r es id ed a t it , e n ded by b u rn i n g
m m
hi s e l f to a ke po w der fo r the u se o f his a g e nt s in i s chi ef m
m
.

In 1 57 1 , a ere co nj u rer , w ho pl a y ed trick s u po n c a r d s , w a s

t hr o w n i nt o pri s o n in P a ri s , f orced to co nf e ss th a t hew a s a n a t
"
16
1 86 S ORCERY A ND M A GIC .

te nd a nt on t he sa bb a th a nd then execu t ed I n 1 57 3 a m a n w ho
w a s b u r nt a t Dr d l e o n the ch a rge o f h a v i ng cha nged h i m
.
, ,

se l f i nt o
a nd in th a t for mde v o u red s e
,

a w ol f , ver a l chi l dr e n S ever a l .

w itche s w ho a l l co nfe ss ed t o h a v i ng bee n a t t he s a b b a t hs w er e

i n the sa m e y e a r co nde m
, ,

ned t o be b u r nt in d i e
'

re nt p a rts o f
Fr a nce I n 1 57 8 a nother m a n w a s tried a nd c o nd em ned in
Pa ri s fo r ch a ngi ng hi m s e l f i nto a w o l f ; a nd a m
.
,

a n w as co n

d em ne d a t O r l e a ns fo r the s a m e s u ppo s ed cri m e in 1 5 83 A s

F r a nce w a s o fte n i nfe s ted b y t he s e r a p a ciou s a n i m
.

a l s i t is not ,

di f c u l t to co n cei v e ho w pop u l a r cred u l ity w a s l ed t o c o nn ect

their r a v a ge s w ith the cri m e o f w itchcr a ft T he be l i ef in w h a t
m
.

w ere in Engl a nd c a ll ed w a r w ol ve n w o l ve s ) a nd in F r a nc e
s
( e - -
,

lo u p s g a r ou s w a s a v ery a nci e nt su per stitio n thro u gho u t Eu rope

-

I t is a s s erted b y a s erio u s a nd i nte ll ige nt w riter o f t he t i m

, .

e tha t
i n 1 5 8 8 a ge ntl e m
,

a n l ook i ng o u t o f t he w i ndo w o f hi s c h a t e au
in a v i ll a ge t w o l e a g u e s fro mA pcho n i n the m
, ,

ou nta i ns o f Au ,

v ergn e s a w o neo f his a cqu a i nt a nce goi n g a h u nti n n d be e d

g a
gg
he w o u l d b ri ng himho m e som e ga m
, ,

e The hu nt er w hi l e occu .
,

pied i n the ch a s e w a s a tt a cked by a erc e she w o lf a nd a ft er

,
-
, ,

h a vi ng red a t it w ithou t e ff ect s t ru ck a t it w ith his hu nti ng

k n i fe a n d c u t o ff the p a w o f it s right fore l eg o n w hi c h it im
,

medi a te ly took to ight T he hu nter took u p t he p a w t hrew it

, ,

i n to h is b a g w ith the re s t o f his g a m

.
,

e a nd s oo n a fter w a r d r e
t u r n ed t o his frie nd s ch a te a u a nd to l d himo f his a d ven tu r e a t
,

the s a m e ti m
, ,

e p u tti ng his h a nd i nto the b a g t o bring f or t h t he

w o l f s p a w in co nr m a tio n o f his s tory W ha t w a s his su rp ri se

.

a t dr a w i ng o u t a l a dy s h a nd w ith a go l d ri ng o n o ne ng e r!

H is frie n d s a s to ni sh m
,

e nt w a s sti ll gre a ter w he n b e r eco gnis ed

the ri ng a s o n e w hic h he ha d gi ve n t o his o w n w i fe; a nd de

s ce ndi ng h a s ti ly i nto the ki t che n he fo u nd the l a d y w a r m
,

i ng
her s e l f by the re w i t h her right a r mw r a pped in her a pr o n
,

, .

T hi s he a t o nce s ei z ed a n d fo u nd t o his horror th a t t he ha nd

T he l a d y co nfe ss ed tha t it w a s shew ho in t he for m
,

w a s c u t o ff .
,

o f a w o l f ha d a tt a cked t he h u nter ; s he w a s in e co r e f
d u u s o
ti m e bro u ght t o her tri a l a nd co nde m n ed a nd w a s im med ia t ely
, ,

a fter w a rd b u r nt a t R io m
, ,

I n 1 57 8 a w itch w a s b u r nt a t C o m
.

, p ie gn e; she confe ss ed t ha t
s he ha d gi v e n her s e l f to the de v i l w ho a ppe a red t o he r as a
gre a t b l a c k m
,

a n o n hor s eb a ck booted a n d s p u rred A no th er

a vo w ed w itch w a s b u rnt the s a m
.
, ,

e y e a r w ho a l s o s t a ted th a t t he
e v i l o ne c a m e to her in the sh a pe o f a b l a ck m
,

an I n 1 5 82 a nd .

1 5 8 3 s e ver a l w itche s w ere b u r nt a ll fr eq u e nter s o f t he s a bb a t h s

, , .

S e ver a l l o c a l co u nci l s a t thi s d a te p a s s ed s e vere l a w s a ga inst

 T HE W IT C H ES
S A BB A TH . 1 87

w itchcr a ft , a nd ti m
f ro mth
e t o t he end o f t he c entu r y t henu m
at

b er o f m
,

i ser a b l e per s o ns p u t t o de a th i n F r a nc e u n der the a cc u

sa t i o n w a s v ery gre a t I n the co u r s e o nly o f ftee n y e a r s fro m
.
,

1 58 0 t o 1 5 9 5 a nd o nly in o ne pro v i n ce t h a t o f L orr a i n e t he

nt R e m u s b u r nt ni n e h u ndred w itche s a nd a s m
, , ,

r e s id e igi a ny
p
mor e ed o u t o f t he co u ntry t o s a v e their l i ve s ; a nd a bo u t t he
-
,

cl o s e o f the c e nt u r y o ne o f the F re n ch j u dge s t e ll s u s th a t

2
1s

cri m e o f w itchcr a ft ha d beco m e s o co m mon th a t there w ere o t

,

j a i l s e n o u gh t o ho l d the pri s o n ers o r j u dge s to he a r their c a u s e s

, .

A t r ia l w hich he ha d w it ne ss ed in 1 5 68 i nd u ced Je a n B odi n a

le a rn ed ph ys ici a n t o co m po s e his book De l a De m o no m
, ,

, a ni e

des S o r ceier s w hich w a s e ver a fter w a rd the te x t book o n thi s
,
-

su b j ect

Am o n g t he Engl i s h w itche s t he e v i l o ne ge ner a lly c a m

.

e
in p e r s on t o s ed u ce his v icti m
,

s b u t in F r a n ce a nd o t her co u n

tr i es t hi s s ee m
,

s to h a ve bee n u nn ece s sa r y a s e a ch per s o n w he n

m
e s ei z ed w ith a n u nco ntr o ll a bl e de s ire o f m
, , ,

o nc e i n i ti a ted bec a a

k i ng c o nv erts w ho mhe o r she c a rried to the s a bb a th to be d u ly

,

enro ll ed .B odi n s a y s th a t o n e w itch w a s e no u gh t o corr u pt ve

,

hu ndred ho n e st per s o ns The i nfectio n q u ick ly r a n thro u gh a

fa m i ly a nd w a s ge ner a lly c a rried do w n fro mge ner a tio n to g en
.

er a t io n w hich e xp l a in ed s a ti s fa ctori ly a ccordi ng t o the l e a r n ed

co m me nt a tor o n de mo no lo gy j u st me ntioned the e xte nt t o w hich
, ,

t h e ev il ha d s pre a d it s e l f in h is d a y s T he no v ic e a t his or her

c ept io n a fter h a v i ng per for m ed the pre l i m
.
,

re i na ri e s a nd in g en
era l recei ved a new a nd b u r l e squ e rite o f b a pti s mw a s m
, ,

a rked

w ith t he s ig n o f the de m o n in s o m
,

e p a rt o f the body l e a st ex
e d t o o b s er va tio n a n d per for m ed the r s t cri m i n a l a ct o f co m
p o s ,

p li a n c e w hich w a s a fter w a rd t o be s o freq u e n tly repe a ted the

evi l o ne pre s e nti n g hi m s e l f o n the s e occ a s io ns i n t hefor m

,

of

eith er s ex a ccordi n g to t h a t o f the v icti m

T he s a bb a th w a s ge n er a lly he l d in s o m
.
,

e w i l d a nd s ol ita r y
spo t o fte n i n th e m id s t o f fore st s o r o n t he heights o f m o u nt a i n s
a t a gre a t di s ta n ce fro mthe re s ide n ce o f m
, ,

o s t o f the vi s iter s
The circ u m s t a nc e s co n n ected w ith it m
.

o s t di f c u l t o f proo f yet
o f no s m a ll i m
,

porta n c e i n s u pport o f the tru th o f the co nfe s s io ns

w a s t he re a l ity a nd m ethod o f tra ns por t fro mo ne pl a ce to a noth
,

er T he w itc he s n e a rly a ll a greed in the s ta te m e nt th a t the y di

vest ed the m
.

s e l ve s o f their c l othe s a nd a n oi nted their bodi e s w ith

a n oi nt m e nt m
,

a de fo r th a t e s eci a l p u rpo s e
p T he y the n s trode
a cro s s a s tick o r a ny s i m i l a r a r t ic l e a nd m u tteri ng a ch a r m
.

w er e c a rried t hrou gh t hea ir t o the p l a ce o f m

, , , ,

eeti ng in a n incr ed
ib ly sho r t s p a c eo f ti m e S om eti m e s t hesti ck w a s t o b e a noint
.
1 88 S ORCERY A ND MAGIC .

ed a s w el l a s t h eir pers o ns T he y ge ner al ly l eft t he hou s e b y

the w i ndo w or by the chi m ne y w hic h l a tter fo r s o m
.

e r ea s o n or
other w a s r a ther a fa vorite w a y o f e x it S o m et i m
, ,

e s ho w ever
the w itch w e nt ou t by the door a nd there fou nd a d em
,
.
, ,

o n i n t he

s h a pe o f a go a t or a t ti m es o f so m e other a ni m
,

a l w ho ca r ri e d
her a w a y o n his b a ck a nd bro u ght her ho m
, ,

e a ga i n a f t er t he
meeti ng w a s d i ssol ved I n t he co nfe ss ions ext or te d fr omth em
,

a t t heir tri a l s t he w itche s a nd s orc erer s b ore te s ti m

.

on t o t he
y
tr u th o f a ll the s e p a rtic u l a rs ; b u t tho s e w ho j u dged t h em a nd
,

w ho w rote u po n the s u bj ect a s s erted th a t the y ha d m

,

,
a ny oth e r
i ndepe nde nt proo fs in corrobora tio n
W e a r e a s s u red b y Bodi n th a t a m
.

a n w ho l i v ed a t t he l ittle

t o w n o f L o c he s h a v i n g ob s er v ed th a t hi s w i fe freq u ent ly a b
s e nt ed her s e l f fro mthe ho u s e in t he n ight b ec a m
,

e s u s picio u s of
,

h er co nd u ct a nd a t l a s t by his thre a t s ob l iged her t o c o nfes s t h at

,

she w a s a w itch a n d th a t s he a tte n ded the sa bb a th s

,
To ap .

pe a s e the a n g er o f her h u sb a nd she a greed t o gra ti fy his cu ri

a ki ng him o the n e xt m
,

o s it b y t w ith her t eeti ng b u t s h e w a r ned

y
h imo n no a cco u nt w h a t e v er t o a ll o w the na m
,

e o f G o d o r of
the S a vior to e s c a pe h is l ip s A t the a ppoi nted ti m e they
s tripp ed a nd a n oi nted t h em
, .

s e l v e s a nd a fter u tteri ng the n e ce ss e

r y fo r m
, ,

u l a t he y w ere s u dde nly tr a ns ported t o the la n d e s o f Bor

de a u x a t a n i m mens e di sta nce fro mtheir o w n d w e ll i n g T he

,

h u sb a nd there fo u nd hi m s e l f i n t he m id s t o f a gre a t a s s e m
.
,

b ly of
b oth s e xe s in the s a m e st a te o f d s ha b illea s hi m s e l f a nd hi s w i fe

a nd in o ne p a rt he s a w t he de vi l in a hideo u s for m
,

; b u t in t he
r st m om e nt o f his su rpri s e he i na d verte nt ly u tt ered t he excls
ma tio n Mo n Dicu ! 022 sommes mms a nd a ll di sa ppea red so
,
-

su dde nly f ro mh i s v ie w l e a v i ng hi mco l d a nd na k ed i n t h e m

,

id
d l e o f the e l d s w here he w a ndered ti ll m
,

or ni n g w h e n t he
co u ntry m en co m i n g to their d a i ly occ u p a tions to l d hi mw here he
, ,

w a s a nd he m a de h is w a ho m e i n t h e be st m a nn er he co u l d
y
B u t he l o s t n o ti m
, .

e i n de nou nc i ng his w i fe w ho w a s b ro u gh t t o ,

her tri a l co n fes s ed a nd w a s b u r nt

T he s a m e thi ng is st a ted t o h a ve h a ppe n ed t o a m
, , .

a n a t Ly ons

w ith a s i m
,

i l a r re su l t ; a nd other i ns ta nce s a r e giv e n b y Bo din

a nd co nte m por a ry w riters o n the sa m e s u bj ect I n I ta ly i n t he .
,

y e a r 1 5 35 a y o u ng girl o f a bo u t s i x tee n y e a r s o f a g e i n t he
d u ch y o f S po l eto w a s t a k en to t he s a b b a th for t he rs t ti m
, ,

e by
her m other w ho ha d c au t io ned her a g a i nst m
,

a k i n g the s i g n o f

the cro s s Bu t w hen t he d a m l s a w s o va st a m

,

se u l tit u d e o f er
p
d t o g eth er w i t h so m
.

s o ns co ll ect e u ch s p l e ndor a nd S a ta n s e a t e d
s s ed in g a r m
,

o n a high thro ne a nd dr e , e nt s of pu rp l e a nd go l d,
 TH E W I TC H A T R OM E . 1 89

she w a s s o mch to i hed th t i ol t ri ly cro i g her e l f

u as n s a nv un a ss n s

he e c l i m
, ,

s x ed J e b e edet t
a ie q et
su T hel ight
n o ct co s a u s a 7 s

d t h e co m p y dd e ly di ppe red fro mher igh t

, .

an an su n d he sa a s an s

thro w w it h o m
,

w as e io l e ce
n the gro d w here he rec
s v n on u n s

mme d ed her el f to the protectio f t he V irgi

,

o n s T o w rd n o n a

mor i g o ld m d hi d ght er p ed e r the pot w ith

.

n n an an a n s au a ss n a s

an d he ri g
a ss, a n f e ml e oice i
a n to e f l m
a e t tio he a v n a n o a n a n,
ap p o ched the pot
r a d w ti ll m
s ore to i hed to d
an as s as n s n a
m m
,

y o u n g ide i
a t te f n dit y
n a S h e t
s a o ce t o l d h i her
o nu a n
d heg e her p rt f hi g r m
.

st or y an av e t t co er her c rried
a o s a n s o v a

he ho m
, ,

r e d tw three d y
an fter w rd re tored her to her
o or a s a a s

f m i ly w h l i ed t o m e d i t ce fro mt he pot w here he w

,

a o v a s s an s s as

m
,

fo u n d , a nd w ho s u ppo s ed s he ha d b ee n c a rried o ff by s o e o f
m
t he a n y l a w l e s s depred a tor s w ho the n i n fe s ted the co u n try
m
.

T he other , w ho c a rried her to the s a bb a th , w a s tried a s a

w itch , a n d b u rnt A nother l e a r ned I ta l i a n w riter te l l s u s a no
.

l e ss e x tr a ordi n a ry s tory a s h a vi n g h a ppe n ed w ithi n his o w n

m
kn o w l edge A a n o f re specta bi l i t y , re s idi ng a t V e nice , w a s
m
.

su r pri s ed o ne or n i ng to nd t he d a u ghter o f a n o ld a cqu a i nt

a nce , w ho l i ved a t Biar g o m
i , ly i n g na ked o n o ne o f his bed s ,
ne a r the cr a d l e o f his i nfa n t s o n A fter bei ng c l othed a nd co m
m
.

fort ed , s he t o l d hi th a t , w a ki ng i n the n ight , s he ha d s ee n her

m m
other ri s e fro her bed , strip , a nd r u b her bod y w it h a n oi nt
m e nt , a nd the n di s a p pe a r thro u gh the w i ndo w P ro pted b y m
m m
.

her cu rio s ity , she i it a ted a ll th a t her o t her ha d do ne , w he n

she w a s s u dde nly tr a n s por t ed i nto the pl a ce w here he ha d fo u nd
her , w here she behe l d her other prep a ri ng to k i ll the chi l d in m
m
the c r a d l e H er a sto ni sh e nt a t thi s su dde n a d ve ntu re , a nd the
m
.

fr ight c a u s ed by her p a re nt s thre a ts , ha d a de her cry o u t u po n

C hri s t a n d the V irgi n , w he n her m

other v a n i shed , a nd s he w a s
l e ft there in d a rk n e ss The a n i . m mm
edi a te ly s e n t a s ta te e nt m
o f thi s a d a ir to the i nqu i s itor o f the di strict , w ho s ei z ed u po n the

g ir l
s m
other , a nd the l a tter co n f e s s ed her s e l f a w itch , a nd s a id
th a t s he ha d freq u e ntly bee n u rged b y the e vi l o ne to de s troy the
chi l d o f her a cq u a i nt a nce

m
.

T he I t a l i a n tri a l s o f thi s period fu r ni sh s e ver a l s i i l a r i nci

d e nt s I n 1 5 2 4 , G r illa nd u s , o ne o f the o s t e i n e nt w riter s o n m m
m m m
.

t he s u bj ect , e x a i ned a y o u ng w itch a t R o e , co n cer n i n g w ho

the fo ll o w i n g e v ide nc e w a s gi v e n S he w a s retu r ni ng o ne
m
.

n igh t fro the s a bb a th r a ther l a ter th a n w a s pru de nt, c a rried a s

u su a l o n the b a ck o f her fa m
i l i a r , w he n , a s the y a ppro a c hed the
t o w n a t w hich she l i ved , the chu rch b e ll s b eg a n to s o u nd fo r
m a t ins m
The d e o n in a fri ght t hr ew her a o ng t hebu shes b y
. m
1 90 S ORCERY A ND MAGIC .

t he ri ver s ide a nd ed A t d a yb re a k a y o u th o f t het o w n w hom

p a ss ed ne a r the spot a nd she c a ll ed t o ; hi mb y his
, .
, .

s he k n e w

na m
, ,

e T erri ed a t the u ne xpected c a ll a t rs t he w a s o n t he

poi nt o f l e a vi n g her w ith a s l i t tl e cere m
.
,

o ny a s the e v i l o ne ha d
do ne ti ll recogni s i ng the voice he w e nt ne a rer a nd w a s no t a
l ittl e su rpri s ed to s ee the w o m
, ,

a n i n s u ch a po s itio n w i t h d i s he ,

ve ll ed h a ir a nd in a st a te ne a rly a p pro a chi ng to n u dity a nd a sk ed

her ho w she c a m
, ,

e there S he repl ie d in e vide nt co nfu s i on

th a t s he w a s s eeki ng her as s T he y o u ng m
.
, ,

a n ob s e r v ed t ha t it
.

w a s no t u s u a l to go i n su ch a p u r s u it in the s t a te i n w h ic h she
t he n a ppe a red a nd i ns i s ted u po n a m ,
ore prob a bl e a ccou n t o f her
a d v e nt u re be fore he w o u l d l e a d her a n a s s i st a n c e ; a nd a ft e r
y
he ha d s o l e m nl y pro m
,

i s ed to keep t he s ecret she co nfes s ed t he

tru th a nd she s u b s equ e ntly ga v e hi mm
,

, ore s u b s t a nti a l rew a r d s

for his s i le nce A fter a w hi l e ho w e ver he i nc a u tio u s ly s po k e
o f it t o o n e or t w o o f his frie nd s a nd it b eg a n t o be r u m
.
, ,

,
ored
a bro a d u nt i l it re a ched the e a rs o f the in u is it io ne
q rs T he n t he
w om
, .

a n w a s thro w n i nto pri s o n a nd her co n d a nt w as b r o u ht , g

for w a rd a n d ob l iged to d epo s e a ga i ns t her
W i t h s ta te m
, .

e nt s l ike the s e s e nt a bro a d u nder th e ha nd of

men o f kno w n l e a rn ing a nd sta tio n in society it is not t o b e
,

w o nde ed a t if m ns m nd s bec a m
,

d in

e i e irre voc a b ly e nta n g l e
r
su per st i t i o n

A s the w itche s ge ner a lly w e nt fro mth eir b ed s a t n igh t t o t he

.

meeti ngs l e a vi ng their h u sb a nd s a nd fa mi ly b ehind t he mit may

s ee m e xtra ordi na ry th a t their a b s e nce w a s no t m
, ,

ore fr equ ently

percei ved T he y ha d ho w e ver a m ethod o f pro viding a g i nst
thi s d a nger by c a sti ng a dro w s i ne s s o ver tho s e w ho m ig a
.
, ,

t he
w itne s s e s a nd b y p l a ci ng in their b ed a n i m
,

a ge w h ic h t o a ll

ou tw a rd a ppe a ra nce her e a n e x a ct re s e m b l a nce to the m

, ,

se lves
a l tho u gh in re a l ity it w a s n othi n g m ore th a n a be s o mo r so m
, ,

e
other s i m i l a r a rtic l e B u t the b e l ie f w a s a l s o i nc u l c a ted t h a t t he

w itche s did no t a l w a y s go in bod y t o the s a b b a thth a t t he

.

y
w ere pre s e nt o nly i n s pirit w hi l e their b od y re m a i n ed i n b e d
S om e o f the m
.
,

ore r a tio na l i z i ng w riter s o n w i t chcr a ft t a u ght t ha t

thi s w a s the o nl y m a nner in w hic h the y w ere e ver c a rri e d t o the
s a b b a th s a nd v a rio u s i ns t a nce s a r e depo s ed t o w here t h a t w as

ma ni fe stly the c a s e The pre s ide nt Del a Tou r et t a to l d Bodi n

, ,

th a t he ha d e xa m
.

i ned a w itch w ho w a s su b s equ ep t ly bu r nt in

Da u phi nea n d w ho ha d bee n c a rried t o the sa bb a th in t hi s m
,

an
H er m
,

ne r a s ter o ne ni ht fo u nd her st retched o n t h eo o r b e

g
fore the re in a s ta te o f i ns e ns ibi l ity a nd i m
.

a gi n ed he r to b e

dea d I n his a tte m

,

. p t s t o r eu se her he rst b e a t her body w it h ,

 THE W O M AN BEA TEN . \ 1 91

gr ea t s ev eri ty a nd t he n a ppl ied re to the m

, ore s e nsiti v e pa r t s ,

whi ch bei n g w ithou t e ff ect he l e ft her in the b e l ie f th a t s he ha d

H is a sto ni s h m e nt w a s gre a t w he n in the m
,

died s u d de nly . or n
ing he fo u nd her in her o w n b ed in a n e vide nt st a te o f gre a t s u f ,

fari ng W he n he a s ked w ha t a i l ed her her o nly a ns w er w a s

mon ma is t r e t a nt ma va z b a t u e W hen fu rt her pre s s e d
.
, ,

Ha

how e v er s he co nfe ss ed th a t d u ri n g the ti m

, ,

, e her bod y la y in a
sta t e o f i ns e ns i b i l ity she ha d b ee n h er s e l f to the w itche s s a bb a th

and u po n thi s a vo w a l she w a s co m mitted to pri son Bodi n fu r

, ,

ther i nfor m s u s th a t a t B orde a u x in 1 5 7 1 a n o l d w o m

.

a n w ho

w as co n de m
, , ,

n ed to t he re fo r w itchcr a ft ha d co n fe ss ed th a t she
w a s t r a ns ported to the s a bb a th in thi s m
,

a nn er O ne o f her
u d g es the m
.

a t t r e d es r e e h per o l l y k o to
'

q u -
t s w o w-
a s s n a n w n
od i n w hi l e she w a s u nder e x a m
, ,

i n a tio n pre ss ed her to sho w

ho w thi s w a s e ff ected a nd re l e a s ed her fro mher fe t ters fo r t h a t
, ,

p p
u r o se S h e r ubbed her s e l f in di ff ere nt p a rt s o f the bod y w it h

a nd i m medi a tely bec a me s ti ff a nd i n s e nsib l e

.

a c ert a i n gre a s e

S he re m
, ,

and t o a l l a ppe a r a nc e de a d
, , a i ned i n thi s st a te a bou t
.

ve ho u r s a nd the n a s q u ick l y re v i v ed a nd to l d her i nq u i s itor s

a gre a t nu m
, ,

ber o f e xtr a ordi n a ry thi ngs w hich sho w ed th a t she

mu s t ha ve b ee n spiritu a lly tra nsported to fa r di sta nt pl a ce s Thu s
,

t est i et h Je a n B odi n .

T he de s cr iptio n o f the s a bb a th gi v e n b y the w itche s di ff ered

only in s l ight p a rtic u l a r s o f det a i l fo r their e x a m i na tio ns w ere
a ll c a r ried o n u po n o ne m ode l a n d m a
e su re a verita bl e bed o f
Procru s te s a nd equ a lly fa t a l to tho s e w ho w ere p l a ced u po n it
T he s a bb a th w a s in ge nera l a n i m me ns e a ss emb l a ge o f w itche s
, .

a nd de m o ns s o m eti m e s f ro mdi st a nt p a rts o f the e a rth a t oth er s

, ,

only f ro mthe pro vi nce or di s trict in w hich it w a s he l d

, ,

On
a rri v i n g the vi s iters per for m ed the ir ho m
.

a ge to the e vi l o new ith

u ns ee m ly ce r e m
,

o nie s a nd pre s e nted their new co nv erts T he y

t hen ga v e a n a cco u nt o f a ll the m
, . -

i s chie f the y ha d do ne s i nc e the

la st m eeti ng T ho s e w ho ha d negl ected t o do e vi l or w ho ha d
so fa r o v er l oo k ed the m
.
,

s e l v e s a s t o d o good w ere tre a ted w ith

di sd a i n o r s e vere ly pu ni shed S e v er a l o f the v icti m

,

,
. s o f the

Fre n ch co u rts in the l a tter p a rt o f thi s ce ntu ry co nfe ss ed th a t

ha vi ng bee n u nw i ll i ng or u n a b l e t o fu l l the c o m ma nd s o f the
,

evi l o n e w he n the y a ppe a red a t the s a bb a th he ha d be a te n the m

in t h e m o s t cru e l m H e took o ne w o m
,

a nner . a n w ho h a d r e ,

fu s ed t o be w itch her n eighbor s d a u ghter a nd thre a te n ed t o

,

dr o w n her in the M o s e ll e O ther s w ere p l a gu ed in their b odie s

Som
.
,

or b y de s tru ctio n o f their propert y e w ere pu ni shed fo r .

t heir ir r eg u l ar a t te nd a nc e a t t he s a bb a th ; a nd one or t w o fo r .
 S O RC ERY A ND M AGIC .

sl ig l t t cr o ff e nc e s , w ere co nde lk ho m e fr o mt h e s a b
med n to wa
b a t h ins tea d o f b ei ng c a rried thro u g h the a ir T ho s e o n t he
mos t o f their mi s chie vo u s p r o pen
.
,

oth er b a nd w ho ha d exerted
.

s i t ie s w ere h igh ly ho nor ed a t the s a b b a th a nd o ft e n r ew a r d e d

w i t h gi ft s o f m o ne y & c A fter t hi s e xa m
,

i na tio n w a s pa s s e d
the de m o n d i strib u ted a m
.
, ,

o ng his w ors hippers u ngu e nt s po w d er s , , ,

a n d oth er a rtic l e s fo r the perp etra tio n o f e vi l .

I t a pp ea r s a l s o th a t t he w i t che s w ere e xp ecte d a t l ea s t O r

a y e a r to bri ng a n o er ing t o thei r m T h is c i r c u m

, , ,
'

a s ter st a
'

w a s cert a i nly deri v ed f ro mthe e a r l i er po p u l a r su per s tit ion s ;

.
,

o ff eri ngs to de m o ns a r e m
.

e ntio ned freq u e ntly in t he ea r ly Ger

ma n a nd A ngl o S a xo n la w s a ga i nst p a ga n i sm a nd t he r ea der
-

w i ll re m em
,

ber the ni ne red coc ks a nd ni ne p ea c oc ks eyes

oe d by the L a d y A l ice K yt el er A F re n ch w itch ex ecu t ed

'

re

in 1 5 8 0 co nfe s s ed th a t s o m e o f her co m
.
,

p a nio ns o er ed a sh eep
'

or a h ei fer : a nd a nother e x ec u ted t he fo ll o w i n g y ea r s t a t ed

th a t a n i ma ls o f a b l a ck co l or w ere m
, ,

o s t a ccepta b l e A t hird .
,

e x ec u ted a t G er b eville in 1 5 85 d ec la red th a t no o ne w a s ex

em pt fro mthi s o ff eri ng a nd th a t the poorer s ort o er ed a hen or
,
'

a c hicke n a nd s o m
,

e e v en a l ock o f their h a ir a l it t le bird o r a ny

tri fl e t he y co u l d p u t the ir h a nd s u po n S e vere p u ni sh m
, , ,

e nt s fo l
l o w ed the negl ect o f t hi s cere m o ny I n m
.

a ny i ns t a n c e s a cco r .
,

di ng to the co nfe ss io ns o f the w itche s b e s ide their direc t w or ,

e

s hip o f the de v i l the y w ere ob l iged to s ho w their a bho r renc eof

t he f a ith the y ha d de s erted b y tr a m

,

p l i n g o n the cro ss a nd bl a s
m
,

p h e i n g the s a i n t s a n d b y other pro f a na tio ns

B e fore the ter m i na tio n o f the m

.
,

eeti ng the new w itch es r e

iv ed their fa m i l i a rs o r i m p s w ho mthe y ge nera lly a ddr e s sed
, ,

ce

l ittl e m
, ,

a l tho u gh the y w ere bo u nd t o a tt e

a s their a s ter s , nd at
the biddi ng o f the w itche s a nd e x ec u te the ir de s ire s T h es e
r ecei v ed n a m
.
,

e s ge ner a lly o f a pop u l a r ch a ra cter su ch a s w ere

giv e n t o c a ts a nd d ogs a nd other pet a n i m a l s a nd the s i m
, ,

il a rity
the s e na m
, , ,

e s be a r to e a ch other in d i er ent co u ntrie s is ve r y r e

'

ma rk a bl e Exa mp l e s o f Engl i sh na me s of fa mil i a rs ha ve be en

gi ve n in the l a st cha pter I n Fra nce w e h a v e su ch n a me s as
.

.
,

M i n e t te (th a t is pu ss ) R obi n M a i s tre Pers i l Jo ly b o is Ver d e -

l et S a u t e bu i ss on & c in G erm a ny the na m

, , , , ,

-
e s a r eUng lu e (t ha t
is m i sfortu n e ) M a sh l a id (m i s chie f ) T zu mw a l t vl ieg en (yin g
, , .
,
- - -
, , ,

t o the w ood
) F e d e r w ii c h ( fe a ther w a s her ) a n d the l ik e -
T h e
for m s s ee mt o h a v e bee n m
e
, , .

e er lly tho e f n i l n d t h
y
g n a s o a a s ; a
a r e d e s cribed a s spe a k i ng w ith a voice l ike th a t o f a m an w i
h is m o u th in a j u g
A ft er a l l the s e pre l i m in a ry cere m on ie sor r a th er t he bu siness
.
 THE DANC E OF T HE W IT C H ES . 1 93

o f t he m
eeti ng ha d bee n tra ns a cted gre a t b a nq u et w a s l a id o u t
a

a nd t hew ho l e co m m mer
, ,

an
p y f e ll t o e a ti n g a n d dri n k i n g a n d a k i n g
ry A t ti m e s e v ery a rtic l e o f lu xu ry w a s pl a ced be fore the ma nd
t h e y fea s ted in the m o st su m ptu o u s m
.
, ,

a nn er O fte n ho w e v er
t he m
.
, ,

e a ts s erved o n the ta bl e w ere n othi ng b u t to a d s a nd r a ts ,

a nd other a rtic l e s o f a re vo l ti ng na tu re I n ge n er a l the y h a d no

s a l t a n d s e l do m bre a d Bu t e v e n w he n be s t s er ved the m
.

o ney
t he v ict u a l s fu rn i shed b y the de m o ns w ere o f a m
.
, , ,

o s t na s a t
cha r a cter ; a circ u m s t a n ce o f w hich no r a tio n a l e xp l a n
t s g i ve n T he coi n w he n brou ght forth by ope n d a yl ight
.
, ,

w a s ge n er a lly fo u nd to be nothi n g better th a n dried l e a ve s o r bits

of d i r t ; a nd ho w e v er greedi ly the y m a
y h a v e e a te n a t the t a

b l e t hef com monly l eft the meeti ng in a sta te o f e xh a u stion from

,

hu nger
The ta b l e s w ere ne xt rem
.

o ved a nd fe a sti ng g a v e w a y to w i ld
T he co m mon d a nce or
,

an d u pro a rio u s d a n ci n g a nd re ve l r y

ca r o ls o f t he m id d l e a ge s a ppe a r to h a ve b ee n perfor m
.
,

ed b y p a r
ti e s ta ki ng e a ch other s h a nd in a ci rc l e a l ter na te ly a ge ntl e m
,

an

T hi s prob a b ly the ordi na r y d a n ce a m

,

a nd a l a d y .
,
o ng the pe a s
a u tr y w a s the o ne ge ner a lly pr a cti s ed a t the s a bb a ths o f t he
,

w i t c h e s w it h th is pec u l i a rity th a t their b a ck s i ns te a d o f their

, ,

fa ce s w ere t u r n ed in w a rd The o l d w riter s e nde a v or to a cco u nt

for thi s b y su ppo s i ng th a t it w a s de s i gned to pre ve nt the mfro m
.

s ee i n g a n d recogni s i ng e a ch other B u t thi s it is c l e a r w a s no t

t he only d a nce o f the s a bb a th ; perh a p s m
.
, ,

ore fa s hio na b l e o n e s
w ere i ntrod u ced fo r w itche s in a better co n dition in s ociety ; a nd
mora l i s ts o f the su cceedi ng a g e ma l iciou sly i ns i nu a te th a t ma ny
d a n c e s o f a no t ver y decoro u s ch a r a cter i nv e nted b y the de v i l
hi m s e l f to h ea t the i m a gi na tio ns o f his v icti m
,

s h a d s u b s equ e n t ,

ly be en a dopted by c l a ss e s in s oc iety w ho did not freq u e n t t he

s a b b a th It m a b e ob s er v ed a s a c u rio u s circ u m s t a n ce th a t t he
y
mode r n w a ltz is rst tra ced a mong the meeti ngs o f the w itche s
.
, ,

a nd t heir i m p s ! I t w a s a l s o co nfe s s e d in a l m o s t e very c a s e

t h a t t he d a n ce s a t the s a bb a t h prod u ced m
, ,

u ch gre a ter fa tig u e th a n

c om mo n ly a ro se fro msu ch e xerc i se s M a ny o f the w itche s de

d t h a t o n their retu r n ho m
.

cla r e e the y w ere u su a lly u na b l e t o

r is e f ro mtheir b ed for t w o o r three d a ys
, ,

T h ei r m u s ic a l s o w a s b y no m
.

, ,
e a n s o f a n ordi na r y ch a r a cter .

The s o n g s w ere g e n er a lly ob s ce n e o r vu l g a r or ridic u l o u s Of

i nst r u m
.
, ,

e nts there w a s co ns ider a b l e va riety b u t a ll p a rt a ki n g o f

S om
,

t he b u r l e sq u e ch a r a cter o f the proceedi n g s e p l a y ed t he .

u t e u pon a s tick o r b one; a n other w a s s ee n striki ng a hors es

sku ll fo r a lyr e; th e r e you sa w the mb ea ting t hedr u mon t he

17
1 94 S O RC ERY A ND M AGIC .

r k o f a n o a k w i t h a s t i ck ; h er e others w er e bl o w ing t r u m
t un
p et s w it h t he b r a n c hes T he l o u d er t he in s tr u m
, ,

e nt the gre a t er
s a t i fa c t io n i t g a v e ; a n d t he d a n c i ng bec a m
.
,

s e w i l der a n d w i l d er
u n t i l it m
,

er g ed i nt o a v a s t s c en e o f co n fu s io n a nd e n ded in
s c en es o v er w hi c h t ho u g h m
.

inu t ely d e s crib ed in th e o l d tre a

ti s es o n de m
,

o n o lo g y i t w i ll b e b et t er to t hro w a ve i l T he w itch
es s ep a r a t ed i n t i m e t o r ea c h t heir h o m
.
.
,

es be fore c ock cro w -

I n t he i nt er v a l s b et w een t h eir m
.

eeti ng s the w it c h e s p a ss ed
th eir w h o l e ti m e in d ev i s i n g a n d p er fo r m i ng m
,

i s chie f ; a n d t o
themw er e a s c r ib ed t he s t o r m s o r b l ig ht s w hich de v a s ta ted the

el d s a nd d e t r o yed t he fr u i t s o f t he ea rth ; the l o ss o f c a tt l e or

s

u s bec a m
,

o f pr o er t
p y ; i l l l u c k d
-
i s ea s e s a n d d ea t h T he y th e
am t he ea s a n t r y a h a t efu l c l a s s ; a nd e v ery m
,
.
, ,

o u t h w a s ope n
on
g p
t o a c c u s e t hema nd ev ery ha n d t o p er s ec u t e
,

,
I n the s e re s p ect s .
,

a n d i n n a t u r e o f t h ei r s u p p o s ed a g enc y t he w itche s o f F r a nce

di ff er ed i n no r es p ec t fr o mtho s e o f Engl a nd
,

T he tr u t h o f a ll th es e w o n d r b u s r ecit a l s d ep e nded a s w i ll h a ve
bee n s een ent ir ely t t po n t h eco nfes s io ns o f the w itche s the m
,

se l ve s
o r o n t h e a c c u s a t i o n s o f o t her s eq u a lly u nd er a rr e s t a s c r i m
, ,

i na l s
o f t he s a m e d es c r ip t io n \t n w e re a d in the w riter s o f tho s e
ti m es t h e s ys t em
.
,

a ti c a lly a rr a n ged dir ectio ns fo r proceedi ng

-

a g a i ns t c r i m i na l s o f thi s c l a s s in F r a nc e G er m
,

a n y a nd I t a ly

w e f ee l a s enti m ent o f h o rror in co nte m

, , ,

p l a t i ng the u tter n egl ect

o f e v er y pri n c ip l e o f j u s ti c e a nd in co ns i d eri n g th a t th i s a ro s e

fro mn o d el ib er a te i n t ent io n o f a cti ng tyr a nnic a lly b u t fro mt he

,

mere per vers io n o f hu ma n j u d g me nt b y the e x tr a ordi na ry in u

,

e nce o f the l o w es t cl a ss o f su p er s titio ns I t is d ii cu lt t o s a y

ho w f a r u n d er pe cu l i a r cir c u m t h e cred u l i t y o f m
.

s t a nc e s a n ki nd

ma y b e c a r r i ed We fr eq u ent ly ho w ev er ob s er v e in the most

, ,

.
, ,

z ea l o u s w r i t er s a g a i ns t w i t c hc r a ft t h e i n vo l u nt a ry e x pre s s io n o f

a km
,

d o f i n s t i n ct i v e fe el i n g o f t he w ea k n e s s o f e v ide n c e w hi l e
th ey a r e a t t he s a m e ti m
,

e c r y i n g u p fo r it s irre s i s t ib l e force In
thi s feel i ng t h ey c a t c h a t a nyt h ing tha t s eem
.

s to o ff er a c o r r o b o

r a t i o n w i t h l i t t l e i n c l i n a t i o n to e x a m
,

, i n e critic a lly i nto it s t ru th .

Po p u l a r l eg end s a n d o l d s t o r i es a n d fa bl es t h u s o fte n r a i s e their

h ea d s a m
, ,

on
g t h e l e a r ne d ly
p a ra d e d c o n fes s io n s o f the pri s o ne r s
d no d o u b t t o c o nfu s e a n d be w i l der the m i nd s o f m
,

a nd h el p e an
, , y
w ho e n t er ed u po n the s t u d y o f t he th eo l ogi c a l a n d j u dic i a l t r e a
ti s e s o n w i t ch cr a ft w ith t he re a l w i sh to di s c o ver the tr u th I t
w a s fro mt a l es l ik e th o s e a ll u d ed t o c u rre nt s ti ll a m
.
,

on g t he pe a s
,

a u tr y in ev er a rt o f t he w o r l d th a t th e y bro u ght for w a rd w h a t

y p ,

the y fo nd ly b el i ev ed w ere i n d ep end ent pr o o fs o f the a cc u r a c y of

s t a te m e nts w hich other w i s e dep e nde d o nly u pon t hefor ced con
,
 T HE WIT C H E S OF T H E V O SGE S . 1 95

fess i o ns o f ri m i na l s F ro mth es e l a tt er a l o ne t he pu bl ic w ere

c .
, ,

acq u a i n t ed w i t h t he a s t o u ndi ng d et a il s o f t he s a b b a t hs Bu t R e
mig iu s a nd o t her foreig n w ri t er s b r o u ght fo r w a rd p ers o ns w ho
.

, ,

w er e a v o w ed ly n o w i t ch es a n d w ho ha d a c c id ent a lly w i t n es s ed
so m e o f t he s c en es t he d es criptio n o f w hi ch b y t he a c t or s t h em
,

se l v es ha d c a u s ed a o g r ea t a s ens a t io n T he w i l d s o f t he
Vo s g es w ere c el ebra t ed a s t he s c ene o f t hes e midni g ht a ss em
, .

b l i es ; in t he y ea r 1 5 8 3 t he pop u l a r fes t i va l o f t he m
, o nt h o f
Ma y w a s h el d a s u su a l in t he v ill a g e o f Lu t z ei a t t he foot
of t hes e m
, , ,

ou nt a i ns ; a nd a t ni g ht o ne o f t he r ev ell er s w ho ha d
co m e fro ma p l a c e c a ll ed VVu s enb a ch a t s o m
,

edi s t a n c e in t he
mou nt a i ns prep a red to ret u rn h o me his h ea d p r o b a b ly ll ed w i t h
,

, ,

t he good ch eer a n d r ev el r y o f t he d a y A s h e w a s w en di n g his

w a y t hro u gh t hehigh er p a r t o f t hem
.

o u nt a i n w hi ch la y b et w een t ho
t w o v i l l a g es he w a s su rpri s ed b y a s u d d en a nd u nu s u a l w hi r l
w i nd w hich t he m ore a st o ni s h ed hima s t he ni ght w a s p ec u l i a r ly
,

ca l m
,

A nxio u s t o l ea r n t he c a u s e o f t hi s s ing u l nr i n t er r u p t i o n
his c u rio s i t y l ed h imfro mhis p a t h a n d l o o ki ng i nt o a r et i r ed
.
,

nook h e b ec a m
, ,

e su dd enly a w a r e o f t he p r es en c e o f b ei ng s o f no
S IX w o m
,

ord i n a r y ch a r a c t er en w er e d a n c i n g ro u nd a t a b l e
~
.
,

co ver ed Wi t h ve ss e l s o f g o l d a nd s i l ver a n d t o s s i ng t hei r h ea d s

in a w i l d m r ; a nd nea r t h emw a s a ma n s ea t ed o n a b l a c k
,

a nn e ,

bu l l a n d a pp a r ent ly enj o y i ng t he s c ene o n w hich h e w a s qu i et ly

, ,

ga z in g Of a ny t hi ng b ey o nd t hi s g r o u p C l a u d e C ho t (fo r s u c h
w a s t he m a n s na m
.
,

e) w a s i g no r a nt fo r a s he b ent fo r w a rd t o ex

am i ne t hemm ore c a r efu lly w h et her he m

,

a d e a noi s e or u t t er ed

a p r a y er is no t s a id b u t t h e w h o l e di s a p p ea r ed fro mhi s ey es
, ,

A ft er r eco v eri ng fro mh is a s t o ni s h m

.
, ,

ent C l a u d e r et u r n ed t o t he ,

p a t h a nd co nt i nu ed his w a y ; b u t he ha d n o t go ne fa r b efo r e
l ik e T a mO s h a nt er he fo u nd t h a t he w a s cl o s ely p u r s u ed by
, ,

t he w o m en he ha d s een d a n c in g ro u nd t h e t a b l e w o c a m
,

h e on
w i l d ly t o ss i ng t h eir h ea d s a b o u t a nd l ed by a m
,

,
a n W i t h a bl a ck
,

fa c e a nd ea gl es c l a w s T he l a t t er w a s a b o u t t o s t rik e C l a u d e

C ho t w h en heha d t he pr es en c eo f m
.

i nd t o dr a w h is s w o r d a n d
l his pu r s u er s v a ni sh ed fr o mhis
, ,

a t t h e s igh t o f t he n a k ed s t ee

T he w o m en ho w ever a g a i n m
,

sight a d e t h eir a ea r a n c e in a
pp
l ess ho s t i l e m a nn er a cco m p a ni ed by t he ma n w h o mC la u d e ha d
.
, , ,

en s i t t i ng o n t he b l a ck b u ll w ho mhe no w r eco g ni s ed a s a p er
,

se

so n o f his a cq u a i nt a n c e a nd t o w ho mhe m a d e a pr o m
,

, i s et ha t he
w ou l d b e s i l ent o n t he s u bj ec t o f w h a t he h a d s een H is p er s e
cu t o r s t h en l eft h i m a nd he fo u nd t h a t he h a d w a nd er ed fa r o u t
.

u r n ho m om
,

of hi s w a A f t er his re t e h e s o o n fo r g o t h is r i e
y .
p s

of s e cr e cy t he story w a s r a d u a lly s p r e a d a bro a d a nd C l a u d e

, g ,
1 98 S O R CE RY A ND M AGIC .

w as c a rri ed b efor e a m a gi s tr a t e a nd m a d e a f u l l c o n fe s s ion t he

co n s eq u enc e o f w hi ch w a s t h a t s o m
, ,

e o f t he p er s o n s he ha d
r ecog ni s ed in t he m
,

o u nt a i ns w er e p l a c ed u nd er a rres t a nd one
o f t he w o m en w ho s e n a m
,

e is gi v en c o rrobor a t ed hi s s to r y d if
fer ing o nly in thi s t h a t sh e s a id t h ey ha d pu r s u ed h i m n o t b e
, , ,

c a u s e he l o o k ed a t t h emb u t b ec a u s e he a t tem
, ,

pt ed to s t ea l a sil
r gob l et fro mt he t a b l e R em
,

ve i g i u s gi ves a not h er i n s ta nc e as
occ u rri n g in t he y ea r 1 5 90 in t he s a m
.
,

e p a rt o f F r a n c e a nd
w hich w a s m o st ext r a ordi na r y a t m A co u nt r y m
, , ,

id d a y a n w as ,
-
.

p a s s i n g a l o ng a p a t h in t he w ood s w h en t u rni n g his l oo ks t o

h el d in a n op en el d a nu m b er o f m
, ,

o ne s id e he b e en a nd w o
men d a nci ng in a circl e a ll h a vi ng their fa c es tu rned o u t w a rd
, , ,

T hi s l a t t er circ u m d his c u rio s i t y a nd ex a m

, .

s t a nc e r a i s e ini ng
th emm or e cl o s ely he ob s er ved t h a t a m
, ,

o ng t he r est w er e t w o or
t hr ee m
,

en w i t h feet o f go a t s a nd ox en S t ru ck w ith s u dd en hor

ror he fel t hi m l f x ed t o t he spot his l egs t rem b l ed u nd er him
.

se

a n d h e s c r ea m T he d em
, , ,

ed o u t i nvo l u nt a ry J esu s h el p ! ons
v a n i s h ed in a n i nst a n t f r o m h is s ight : b u t a s th ey s w ep t b y him
, ,

in ri s i n g i nt o t he a ir he ha d j u s t t i m e to r ecogni s e o n e m
,

a n as a
T he s tory w a s s oo n m
,

n a t i v eo f h is o w n v i ll a g e a d e p u b l ic t he
.
,

s po t w a s v i s i t e d a circl e o n t he gra ss w h ere t h ey h a d d a nc ed

w a s di s t i n ct ly v i s ib l e w i t h h er e a n d t h er e t he m
,

a rk s o f ho o fs

T he m
, .

a n w ho ha d b ee n r ec o g ni s ed w a s a rr e st ed a n d his con
fes s io n l ed t o t h e di s co v ery a nd p u ni s h m
,

ent o f s ever a l o f t he
other s esp eci a lly o f t h e w o m
,
en .

T o w a rd t he end o f t he s ixt eenth c entu ry t he w itchcr a ft ia ,

fa t u a t io n ha d r i s en t o it s g r ea t est h eigh t i n F r a nc e a n d no t only ,

t h e l o w er c l a s s es b u t p er s o ns o f t he high es t r a n k in s oci e
, ty ,

w er e l ia b l e t o s u s pi c i o n s o f d ea l i n g in s o r c er y W e n eed only
ment i o n t h a t s u ch ch a rges w er e pu bl i cly ma d e a g a i nst K ing
.

H enri I II a n d Q u ee n C a t h eri n e d e M edici s a nd t h a t e a rly in

t he fo ll o w i ng c ent u ry t h ey b ec a m
.
, ,

e t h e g ro u n d o f s ta te tri a l s
,

w hi c h h a d a f a t a l co n c lu s io n .

Thef ll w in g o nt i t k e
o n f mo neof t hel ib ell u s p a mphlet s a g ainst: t his
a cco u s a ro o
mn h p b l i h ed b y t he p t i n f t he L ig ne nd e t he t it l e f Le S r cel
o arc , u s ar sa s o , u r o s o
le i d e H en i d e V l i et le b la t i n q il f is it n d ia b led a n leb is do
r ca r a o s, s o o s u

a o a s o
V in e n e c n P i s a r s,
d em i em
.

On tr a ent a n b i d e V in enne d eu x s t y es d r g ent d e la

ou v r o s c s a r
'
a
h t e d e q t e p ied I l t ient nd e nt d ne ix d a n milie d ela
,
' '
au u r u a r s . s a a va u cr o or , u

q ue l l e y it en h a
a vaes d b i d e la c ie s ix d e n t r e ei g n en J
o o s C h r ist vr a cr o o s r su s
L e p l it iq e [t h t i t he md e t e p t y ] d i ent q e t ient d e
.

ha nd elie
'
s o u s a s, o r a ar s , u c a s c r s.
C e q i f it i e le n i e et q e d n e e il n y it p a s d ig u ille
' ' '
u a cr o r co t ra r c s u s s c s vas s. a vo a
y met t e i e g e
, ,

it p ne pe t it e h nd ell e j int q il t o n ie

q i p

u a ssz ou r r u n c r nt ou u c a o u s u r a
l d e i ee a l d i t e
s rr r ie ix et q e d e x ng e
a vr a d e x im
cr o pl e ha nd elien y u u a s ou u s s c
t y e e t im
.

e ent t p l
u ss d een eq e e u s c p l e p y en e
u t r e d e d ie x d e
c s sa s r s, s s ar s a a s u
fo e it l n t ient q e les m a va is e sp r i t s s o t r o v e nt p lu t q u en u nt r u elieu

rts , o o u u u .
 THE WITC HES OF LA B OU RD . 1 97

C HA P T E R X VI .

PI ER R E DE LA N C R E A ND THE W I TC HES OF LABO U R D .

IN o th w ester n corner o f F r a nc e st retchi n g fro mt he

t he s u ,

foo t o f t he P yr enees to t he s hor e o f t he B a y o f B i s c a y bord er ,

ing o n S p a i n t o t he s o u t h a nd ext endi n g n or t h w a rd o n t he a t

s is a sm a ll di s t ri c t w hich fro m
,

sa nd y h e a t h s o f t he L a nd e a

R om a n s t a t io n na m ed Lap u r du m t h a t occ u pi ed t he s i t e o f t he
, ,

p res ent ci t y o f B a y o nne r ec ei ved i n t he m idd l e a g es t h e n a m

,

, e
of L a b o u rd Theco u ntry a nd t he p eop l e w er e eq u a l ly w i l d a nd
t he prod u c e o f t he for m
.

u n c u l ti va t ed er co ns i s t i n g chi e y o f
fru its w hi l et hel a t ter occ u p i ed t h em
,

s el v es pri ncip a lly in s hi n g

It w a s t he m en o f L a bo u rd w h o a t t he co m menc ement o f t he
, .

se v en t eent h c e nt u ry c a rri ed o n t he shery a t New fo u nd l a nd

, ,

a nd th e y a r e sa id t o h a ve b een t he r st W h a l er s Th eir eq u ivo .

ca l o s itio n b e t w e en t he t w ri v a l co u ntr i e F r a nc e a nd S p a i n
p o s

a nd t h eir a ll i a n c e m
, ,

ore b y co ns a n gu i n i t y w ith th eir B a squ e

neigh bor s o n t he oth er s id e o f t he S p a ni s h bord er t h a n w i t h t he
peo p l e to t he north s eem ed a l m o st t o p u t t h emo u t o f t he l a w s
d fro mt he r est o f t he w or l d
,

of ei t h er a p eop l e s ep a r a t e

T h eir m or e ci v i l i z ed n eighbors l ook ed u po n th emw i t h co n

.

t em p t fo r t h eir p rim it i ve m a n ne r s a nd b el i ev ed t h a t t h e d em
,
on
ha d s el ect ed t he w i l d di st ric t t h ey i nh a bi t ed a s his fa v ori t e r e
so r t . T he w o m en d es ert ed a gr ea t p a r t o f t h e y ea r b y t h eir
,

hu s b a nd s a nd s o ns w ho w er e o u t o n t h eir shi ng exp edi t io ns

w er e m ore expo s ed t o tem
, ,

pta t io n t h a n t ho s e o f a ny o t h er p a rt o f
F ra nc e a nd t he w i t ch es o f L a bo u rd h a d b eco m e pro verbi a l
T h ey i t w a s s a id c a u s ed t he storm
, .

s w hi c h s o o ft e n v i s i t ed t he

Ba y o f B i s c a y a nd w h en t he sh erm
, ,

, en p eri sh ed in t he p u r s u i t
of th e ir a d vent u ro u s c a ll i ng it w a s b el i eved th a t t he w i nd s
,

Ces m onst r e lq
s d ia b o i u es o u t t vu s p a r m
essieu r s d el a v i e [t he ea d er s of t he ll l
l ig u e l
O u t r e c es d eu x g u r es d ia b o iq u es, o n a t r o u v u ne p ea u d enfa nt ,
'

q i
l a u eiea v a i t e t eco r r o e et s u r icell e,
y y
a v a it a u ss i p u s ieu r s l
o t s d e so r c el er i e m l
a t d iv e r s ca r ac t r es ,

l l
To u t ce q u i a l a it so u ven t a u b o is d eV i nceu nes,
n et a it q u a p o u r ent end r e a se

ll
eso r ce er ies , et no n p o u r p r ier D ieu

.

h y
Per a p s t he t w o sa t r es w er e a n t iq u es a g a i ns t w hic t h e p ea s a nt r h a d a l h y
ly m m
,

w a y s s pr e j u d i c e I n ea r t i es w e n p e o p e d h
u g pu l t h e R o a n b r o nz es o r sc u p l
hm h m y
.
,

y
t u r es t he b r ok e t e h
a nd t r ew t e aw a l h hy
in t he b e ief t a t t e w er e i nat r a
m m m
.

ent s o f
' '
I t a p ea r s fro M l
r Co l in g w oo d B r u c es e

ll
xc e ent w or k o n t he
m m
0
a
p
m
.

Ro a n w t ha t t his 0s ling st ill e xis t s a ng t hepe as a nt r of Nor t hu y

b er l a nd
g
.

17
1 98 S O R CERY AND M AGIC .

w hich o ver w h el m ed th emw er e s ent b y th eir w i ves w ho ha d

fo rm
,

ed o t h er co n nec t io ns i n t h ei r a b s enc e .

I n t he y ea r 1 609 t hes u bj ec t o f s orcer y occ u p i ed t h e a tt ention

o f t he p a r l i a m
,

ent o f B or d ea u x u nd er w ho s e j u ri s d ic t io n thi s ,

co u nt ry l a y a nd it w a s r es ol ved t o a tta c k S a t a n in his h ea d

,

qu a rt ers by pu rgi ng t he d i s t ric t o f L a bo u rd o f his w ors hipp ers

F o r t hi s p u rp o s e a roy a l co m mi s s io n w a s gi ven t o t w o co nseil
.

l cr s or j u dges o f t he p a rl i a m
,

, ,
ent P i err e d e L a ncr e a n d t he , ,

p r es id ent J ea n d Es pa ig net a nd th ey w ent to L a b o u rd in t he

mo nt h o f M a y in t he y ea r j u st ment io ned a rmed w i t h fu ll a u

,

nd t o i m m
, ,

t ho r it
y t o b r i n g a l l w ho ha d b ee n se d u ce d b y t h e e e
di a t ej u d gm ent T he t w o co m mi s s io ners r ema i ned i n L a bou rd
fo u r m o nt h s a t t he end o f w hi ch ti m
.

, et h ey w er e c a l l ed a w a y b y
o t h er b u s i ness b u t t heir cr u s a d e a g a i ns t sorc ery ha d b een a n
ex t r a or d i na ry a c t i ve o ne a nd a n i m men se nu mber o f w retched
,

p eo pl e w er e s a cri c ed to t h eir z ea l P i err e d e L a n cre espe

m
.
,

b c p ro o r d i h e b ct o f w i t chcra ft
c ia ll
y e a e s o f u n d ly l ea n e n t su
j e
th a t a ft er h is r et u r n fro mt hi s exp edi t io n he co m
, ,

pi l ed a l a rge
book o n t he su bj ec t w hich r em a i n s a s on e o f t h e m
,

o st ext r a o r
d i na r y m o nu m
,

ent s o f t he s u p er s t i t io n o f tho s e a g es

De L a n cr e w a s a st o n i s h ed a t t he m
.

u l t itu d e o f s orc e rer s he

f o u nd w i t hin t he l i m i t s o f t he s m a ll di stric t o f La b ou r d l a nd ,

t h a t a c o u nt ry s o b a rr en in o t h er r es p ec t s sho u l d b e ferti l e o nl y
in s er va n t s o f S a t a n H e a t t r ib u t ed t hi s to t he b a rb a ro u s co ndi
t io n o f t he i nh a bi t a nt s to t he d es er t ed s t a t e o f t he w o m
.

,
en d u ri ng
t he s hi n g s ea so n a nd t o t he id l e a nd di s s o l u t e l i fe o f t h ew ho l e
p o p u l a t io n d u ri ng t he r es t o f t he y ea r H e i nt i m
,

a t es t h a t t he .

pri es t s w ere n ea rly a s ig nor a nt a nd vic io u s a s t he p eop l e th a t

t hey w er e t he u s u a l co m p a n io n s o f t he w o m
,

en d u ri ng t he a h
s en c e o f t heir h u s b a nd s a nd t h a t a s t h e y a ll o w ed th emt o a s s i st
i n t he s er vi c es o f t he ch u r ch s o t h ey joi ned w i t h th emin th a t
, ,

o f t h e d ev i l w ho n o t o nly g a i ne d po s s ess io n o f t he c l ergy b u t

even o f t he ch u rch es t h em s in s o m
, ,

s el v e e o f w hich he h el d his
meet i ng s o f w i t ch es T h u s w e a r e t o l d L a bo u rd b ec a me t he
,

gener a l refu ge o f a ll t h e d em o n s w ho mt he ca tho l ic m

.
, ,

i s s io na ri es
h a d d ri ven a w a y fr o mI nd i a J a p a n a nd o t h er di st a nt l a nd s , , ,

a nd De L a ncr e gr a v e ly t ell s u s t h a t t he E ng li sh S cot ch a nd

oth er m erch a nt s w ho c a m
, ,

e t o p u r c h a s et h eir w i nes a t B ord ea u x

, ,

T b l e del I n t nee d e M i A ng e et D em il es t m p l ement

'

a au co ns a ons s a u va s s a
l D emn
.

t r i t ede S
a c s ie or c s c 4t P i 1 6 12 o s o a r s,

i t n t d e d emn et m
. .

i M i d a s c : vo r a i e p it et t nt d e r cie et o r cie
o s r e
a u va s s s r s, a so rs s
n e en e a y d e L b rt q i e p e i e i d e l F e e i

d
'
co n z
p c s t q n
a t out g u n
n s r o u r co o a ra c vo

q e e t l pep iniee c c q en n l l ien d el E m

, ,

e h e il y a r ien q u i

e
' ' '
u c u n s u n u o ca
y en a v n t r ou vec e t l a mer veill e
s a r p q u

no m
, , ,

a p p och ed b r ein ny q e no
'
r u u us o s , s .
 PLA C E S O F A SS E M B LY . 1 99

ed hi
as su r mth ey h a d s een on th eir vo y a g e t roop s o f d emo n s in
t he sh a p es of mon st ro u s men p a s si n g t hro u gh t he a ir t o t h a t
o
c u nt r y .

T h ey r ecko n sa y s
, De L a ncr e th a t t h er e a r e thir t y
,

t ho u s a n d s o u l s in thi s c o u nt r y o f La b o u r d c o u nt i ng t ho s e w ho
a a nd t h a t a m o ng a l l t hi s p eo pl e t her e a r e a few fa m
,

ar e a t s e i
li es no t a ff ec t ed w i t h s orc ery i n s o m e o ne o f t heir m em
,

b er s I f
t he n u m b er o f s orc er ers c o nd em
.

n ed t o t he r e i s s o r ea t n e
g o

of t h ems a id t o m
,

e o ne d a y it w i ll b e s t r a n g e i f I h a v e no t a
rs W hi ch is t he c a u s e t ha t w e s ee mo st fr e
,

sh a r e i n t he ci nd e

qu en t ly t he so n a c cu s e t he mo t her or t he fa t h er t h e b r o t h er t he
.

si s t er t h e h u s b a nd t he w i fe a n d s o m et i m e
,

s t h e r ev e r se W hic h
proxi mi t y is t h e c a u s e t h a t m a ny h ea d s o f f a m
, , .

i l ies o i c er s a nd
ot h er p eop l e o f qu a l i t y nd i ng t h ems el ves ent a n g l ed in it p r e
, ,

fer s u er ing t he i n c o m mo d i t y t h a t ma y b e in t his a b o mi n a t io n

, ,

w hi c h t h e s or c er er s h o l d a l w a y s in s o m e d ou b t a m on
g t h e ir a c

q u a i n t a n c e th a n to s ee s o m a n y ex ecu t io ns g ib b e t s a m es a n d
r es o f p eop l e w ho a r e s o n ea r i n a f n it y t o t h em W e w er e
, , , ,

v er i n w a nt o f proo f ; t h e m u l t i l i c i t y a n d t h e i n n i t e nu m
.

ne p b e r

c a u s ed o u r h o rror O n o u r a r r iv a l t hey ed in t r o o p s b o t h b y
.
,

la n d a nd b y s ea ; l o w er a n d u pp er Na v a rre a n d t he S p a n i s h
fro n ti er w er e ll ed w i t h t hemho u r ly T h ey p r et end ed p il g r i m
rr a t a nd S t J a mes s or v o y a g es t o New fo u n d
.

a g es to M o n t s e

l a nd a n d el s ew h er e a nd t h ey r a i s ed su ch a n a l a r min Na v a rr e
.
,

a n d S p a i n t h a t t h e i nq u i s i t o r s c a m
,

e t o t he fr o nt ier a nd w r o t e
t o u s t h a t w e w o u l d p l ea s e t o s end t h emt h e n a m
, ,

es a g e a n d
o t h er m m
, , ,

a rk s o f t h e f u it i v e s o r c er er s i n o r d e r t h a t t he y i ht
g g
n d t h emb a c k t o u s w hi ch t h ey s a id t h ey w o u l d d o w il l i n g l y
.

se

A nd w e w ro t e b a c k t o t hemea r nes t ly t h a t w e w i s h ed t h emt o

.
,

k eep t h emc a refu lly a nd pr event t h eir r et u r nin g a s w e w er e

,

mor e a nxiou s t o b e rid o f t h emt h a n t o g et t hemb a ck I t is a

, ,

b a d pi ec e o f fu rni t u r e w hi ch is b et t er o u t o f t he i nv en t o r y !
I t w a s a r em
,

a rk a b l e ch a r a c t eri s t i c o f t hi s co u n t r y t ha t t h e

w i t ch es w er e u s u a lly y o u ng w o m en a n d m a ny o f t ho s e t r ie d a nd
bro u ght u p a s w itnes s es w er e m T he d em
,

er e g ir l s o n s w er e s o
.

ho l d t h a t t h ey h a rd ly t ho u g ht it n ec es s a r y t o s eek r et ir ed p l a c es
fo r t h eir m eet in gs b u t a s s em b l ed s o m et i m
,

es in p u b l i c t ho r o u g h
T h u s t h ey o ft en m
,

fa r es et ia t he pl a c e b efo r e a c hu r c h a n d in
t he ch u r ch y a rd ev en a t t i m
.
,

es in t he ch u r c h i t s el f
, ,
T hey ha d .

h el d s a bb a t h s in ho u s es i n B a y o n n e a nd el s ew h er e T h ey o ft en
met n ea r B o rdea u x a t t hep a lms G u / mze a s t he R o ma n a mphi
.

u
'

thea t r e a t t h a t p l a c e w a s c a ll ed T hey m
, ,

et n o t u nfr equ en t ly in
t he c em
.

et r y a nd in t h e r u i ned c a s t l e o f S t P M o s t o f t he . .
200 S URGE RY A ND M AGIC .

w itches co n fes s ed t h a t t heir fa v orite r es ort s w er e a t cr o ss r o a ds -

T h r e er e ho w ev er , t w o o r t hr ee p ri n ci p a l pla
( c a r r
qf o u r s) e w
m m
.
,

c es o f eet i n g fo r he gr a nd a s s e b l i es , a nd t h es ew er e g e ner a l

ly in w i l d a nd l o n e y s i t u a t io ns O ne o f thes e w a s o n t he b l eak
mm m
.

su i t o f t he o u nt a i n o f La R hu ne, o verl ook i n g t he s ea An

m
.

o t h er w a s o n t he co a s t o f A nd a ye, w h er es o eo f t hew itch es co n

'

f es s ed t h ey h a d b een p r es ent , w h en t h er e w er e a t l ea st t w el ve
m
tho u sa nd p ers o ns a s s e b l ed A third w a s o n t he la nd es , a t a
.

p l a c e w hi ch w a s c a ll ed pop u l a rly La ned eA qu ela r r e, o r t he la nds

o f t h e go a t , a s t h a t w a s t he for min w hich t he ev i l o u e u s u a lly
m
present ed hi s el f th er e M a ri e d e Na g u ill e, a gir l o f s ixteen
m
.

y ea r s , s a id t h a t her o t h er u s ed t o t a k e her t hro u gh t he a ir t o

t he s a bb a t h , u n d er her a r m h a vi n g r s t a noi nt ed h e rs elf o n t he
m
,

t o p o f t he h ea d w i t h a n oi nt ent ; t h a t th eir s a bb a t h w a s h el d a t
a p l a c e in t he p a s s o f U s t a ri t z ; a nd th a t w h e n th e ep r t ed
y s a a

t he m
y o ft en w ent ho e o n foo t A girl o f S iboro , o f t he s a ea g e, m
m
.

ed J ea n n et t e d A b a die, s ta ted t h a t fo u r yea r s ha d t h en p a s s ed

na
s i n c e s he w a s r s t t a k e n t o t he s a bb a t h b y a w o m
a n na m
ed G r a
t i a ne. m
S he ha d s i nc e b eco e t ir ed o f t hi s l i fe, a nd ha d w a tch ed
i n t he ch u rch o f S iboro a l l n igh t , in co ns eq u enc e o f w hi ch t he
m m
d e o n c a e a nd t ook her a w a y by d a y ; a nd th a t o n S u nd a y t he
m
1 3t h o f S ept e b er , 1 609 , a ft er w a t chi ng a l l n ight , t he ev i l o ne
m m
c a e a n d t ook her a w a y a t id d a y , in chu rch t i e, a s she w as
- -
m
m
l a y i ng a sl eep a t ho e Shew or e ro u nd her neck a I ug a , o r a
'

m
m
.

u l et a g a i n s t fa s c i na t io n, w hich w a s a deof l e a t he r , a nd r e re
p
s en t ed a h a n d c l o s e m
d , t he th u b p a ss i n g b et w een t w o o f t he n
ger s ; it w a s a n a rt icl e in very co mm o n u s e T he d e o n t ore m
m m
.

t hi s fr o h er n eck , a n d t hr ew it b ehi nd t he door o f her ch a ber

a s t he y w ent o u t t o get h er .

J ea n net t ed A b a die s a id t h a t her co nd u ctor G r a t ia n e o ften took

her t o New fo u nd l a nd ; t h a t t h ey p a s s ed t hro u gh t hea ir , a s tho u gh

t h ey w er e y i n g , s h e ho l di ng b y t he rob e o f G r a t ia ne; a nd t ha t
m
t h ey w en t in t he co p a ny o f oth er w i t ch es A t New fo u n d l a nd
m
.

s he s a w a ll s or t s o f p e op l e fro L a bo u rd , w ho w er e r a i s i ng
m
s t or s t o s i nk t he s hip s a nd o t h e r v es s el s , a nd th a t th ey t hu s
s u nk o ne b e l o ngi ng t o M a r t ic o t d e M ig u elc o r ena , o f S iboro , w ho,
b ei ng a sorc er er , h el p ed t o s i nk his o w n ship S ev er a l w o en m
m
.

t o l d M a ri e d e l a R a l d e, a w i t ch ex a i ned b y De L a ncr e, tha t

m
th ey ha d a de t he voy a ge t o New fo u ndl a nd in t hi s a nner , a nd m
m
t h a t t h er e t hey p erch ed o n t he a s t o f a v es s el , b ec a u s e, i t h a v
i n g b een bl es s ed , t h ey d a r ed n o t ent er it ; a n d t h a t t h en c e t h ey
t hr ew po w d er s t o poi s o n t he sh w hi ch t he poor m
ari ner s ha d
sp r e a d o n t he b e a ch t o dry . Anoth er w i t ch, M ar i e d A sp il -
r
 TH E W IT C HE S OF LAB OURD .
201

co u t t e, w ho l i v ed a t A nd a ye s a id t h a t o nc e w h en a t t he s s h
, ,

b a th she s a w w i t ch es y a w a y i n t roop s a nd t h a t o n t h eir r e

, ,

t u r n t w o o r t hr ee ho u r s a ft er t h ey bo a s t ed o f t heir fea t s a t New

fo u nd l a n d w hi t h er t h ey ha d b een co n d u c t ed by t h e d evi l in t he
for mo f a y o u t h o f ft een y ea r s o f a g e F ro mnu m
,

erou s c o n .

fess io ns it a p p ea rs t h a t t he fa vori t e exc u rs io n o f t he w i t ch es o f

,

La bo u rd w a s t o New fo u n dl a nd
T h e p eop l e o f L a bo u rd w er e g en er a lly w i t ch es fro mth eir
.

chi l dhood h a v i ng b een i nt rod u c ed a t a t end er a g e b y t h eir m ot h

er o r s o m e o t h er w o m a n w ho u n d er t ook t o a c t a s t h eir m
,

a r r a ine

a nd w ho w a s s o m et i m
, , ,

es r ew a rd ed w i t h a h a n d fu l o f go l d b y t he
evi l o n e o n t he pr es ent a t ion o f a new su bj ect O t h ers w er e ia
t r o d u c ed a t a m or e a d v a nc ed a g e a nd t hi s s eem
.

s t o h a v e b ee n
sp eci a lly t he c a s e w i t h t he m
,

en A n a t i ve o f t he t o w n o f Ne
r a c na m
.

,
ed I s a a c d e Q u ey r a n w ho w a s t w ent y v e y ea r s o f a g e
,
-

w h en h e w a s p u t o n h is t ri a l s t a t ed t h a t w h en he w a s a b o y b e
,

tw een t en a nd t w el v e y ea r s o f a g e b ei n g t h en in t he s er vi c e o f
st m a r t he t o w n o f La B a s t id e d A r m
,

a n ho n e an ne a i n a c he w e t

g n
t o p roc u r e a l ight fro ma n o l d w o m
,

a n w ho l i v e d nea r t he hou s e
o f h is m a s t er A s he w a s t a ki ng a l igh t fro mher r e t he o l d
w om d hi mno t t o st ir t w o po t s w hi c h w er e o n it or he
.
,

a n w a rn e
,

w o u l d s u ff er fo r h is c a r el es s nes s ; fo r s he s a i d t h ey co nt a i n ed
p oi s o n s w hich t he gr a nd m ha d ord er ed her to m
, ,

a s t er a ke

S eei n g th a t he t ook a n i nt er es t in w h a t s he s a id sh e a s k ed hi m
.

if he w o u l d go t o t he s a bb a t h w i t h h er w h er e he w o u l d s ee ,

ne t hi n gs .The bo y s c u ri o s i t y w a s exci t ed a nd he r et u rned

,

to h er in t he eveni ng w h en it b ei n g n ea r ly d a rk , a nd h is s c r u
p l es o verco m
, ,

e sh e a n oi nt ed o n e o f hi s w ri s t s w i t h a gr ea s e o f
w hich he co u l d n o t r em em
,

b er t he na t u r e or co l or a nd he w a s
im medi a t ely c a rri ed t hrou gh t he a ir a t no grea t el eva t io n t o t he
,

l d w hi ch w a s a b o u t a l ea g u efro m
, ,

s po t w h er e t he s a bb a t h w a s h e

La B a st id e T h er e he s a w a nu m b er o f m en a nd w o m
,

en d a n
ci ng a nd s cr ea m i n g w it h w hi ch he w a s s o m u ch a l a r m
.

ed t h a t
he r a n a w a y ho m
, ,

e Nex t d a y a s h e w a s g o i ng a l o n e t o his
ma ster s fa rmhe met o n t he ro a d a ma n o f l a rge s t a t u r e a nd
.
,

v er y d a rk w ho t o l d h i m t ha t a w o m a n a s s u r ed h i mhe t h e b o
, ,

( y)
ha d pro m i s ed t o go t o t hes a bb a t h a nd a s k ed himw hy hedid no t
,

g o I s a a c i n r eply a s k ed w h a t b u s i n es s it w a s o f hi s t o go t h er e

o n w hich t he d a rk m
.
, , ,

a n s a id S t a y s t a y a nd I w i ll gi ve t h ee
som et hi ng w hich w i ll m a k e t h ee co m a n d a t t he s a m et im
, , ,

e ehe
b ea t himw i t h a s t ick o v er t he sho u l d er t ha t hefel t t he p a i n t hr ee
d a y s a ft er S u b s eq u en t to t hi s o ne d a y a s he w a s p a ss i ng o v er
t hebri d g e o f t heri ver n ea r La B a s t i d e hea g a i n m et t hed a r k m
.
,

, an ,
202 S O RC E RY A ND M AGIC .

w ho a sk e d mif
hi mm
he r e e b er ed t h e b ea t i n g he ha d giv en hi , m
a n d i f hew o u l d n o t co m m e w i t h hi , fo r w hic h p u r po s ehea p po i nt ed
to m eet hi m t he s a m m
e eveni n g b ehi nd t he i ll nea r t h e bridge .

I s a a c w en t t o t he p l a c e a pp o int ed , a nd t h er e he s a w t h e da rk
m a n co m m
e w i t h a g r ea t n u b er o f p eo p l e, a nd he a s k ed hi m if
he w a s r ea dy t o go w i t h t h e m I s a a c a s k ed w h ere t h ey w a nt ed
m m m
.

t o t a k e hi ; u p o n w h i c h t h e d a r k a n t ook h i u po n h i s s ho u l
m
d er s t o t hro w h i i n t o t he ill d a m -
m a nd dro w n h i m w hich he
m
,

w o u l d h a v e d o ne, b u t he c ri ed o u t s o l o u d , t h a t t he p eop l e c a e
o u t o f t he m m
i ll , o n w hi c h t he d a rk a n a nd his fo ll o w ers d is a p
p ea r ed
T w o d a y s a ft er , I s a a c w a s k eepi ng w a t ch in h i s m as

m
.

t er s v i n ey a r d a t ni g h t , w hen t he d a rk a n su d d e nly a p p ea r e d,

a n d t hi s t i m e h e t o o k h o l d o f hi m a nd c a rri ed hi m t hro u gh t he
a ir o v er t he s a n d s t o a l a n d e n ea r S t J u s t i n , a di st a nc e o f a bo u t
m
.

a q u a r t er o f a l ea g u e . T her e he fo u nd or e t h a n ft y p er s ons
d a nc i ng t o t he s o u nd o f a t a b o r o n w hich a l i t t l e b l a c k d evi l w as
m m
p l a y i ng , w ho r es e b l ed a a n o nly i n his fa c e, w hi ch w a s g ri m
a nd f r i ht fu l t o b e
g h old O t h er s w er e ea t in g a n d d r i n k n g a t a
i
m
.

t a b l e, a t t he h ea d o f w hi c h t he d a rk a n t ook his s ea t . T hey

d a nc ed i n a c i r c l e h o l d i n g h a nd s , a n d t h eir b a ck s t u rn ed i n w a rd
m m
, .

T h u s t hey a u s ed t h e s el ves t i ll t h e co c k cro w ed , a nd t h en t he

g r a nd m a st e r
t o l d t hem t o go ; a nd m o s t o f t m
h e w er e c a rri e d
m
ho e t hr o u g h t h e a ir ; b u t I s a a c , l i vi ng n ea r , r et u rn ed o n foot .

S u ch w er e t he s t o ri es w hi c h s u g g es t ed t he fa nc i es o f a C a ll ot
mm
.

I s a a c d o Q u eyr a n , ha vi ng o nc e c o en c ed , w ent freq u ent ly t o

t he s a bb a t h , a nd co nt i n u ed his i nt er c o u r s e w i t h t he d a rk m a n t i ll

m
t he t i e o f De L a u er es t er r i b l e i ss i o n

m .

T he c o n fes s i o n s o f t he w it c hes o f L a bo u rd r el a t ed c hi e y to
m
t h ei r s a b b a t h , a t w hi c h t h ey a ss e b l ed v ery fr eq u en t ly T he
m
.

or d i na r y eet i ng s w er e h el d every \Ved n es d a y a nd F rid a y n ight

m m
.

B u t b es id es t hes e a nd a nu b er o f o c c a s io na l eet i ng s , t h ey ha d
m m m
g en er a l a s s e b l i es o n a u c h or e ex t ens i v e s c a l e, w hi c h w ere
u s u a lly h el d a t t he f o u r r a nd a n n u a l fes t i v a l s o f t h e ch u rch
g
m m
.

T he s c en es ena c t ed a t t hes e eet i n gs r es e b l ed i n t h eir g en e

r a l fea t u r es t he ordi n a ry d es c r i t io n s o f t h e s a bba t h i n o t h e r
p
m m
p a r t s , b u t t hey a r e d es c r i b ed w it h o r e i nu t enes s T he d e on m
m
.

w ho pr es id ed o v er t h es e eet i n g s a pp ea r ed n o t a l w a y s in t he
sa m e fo r m A c co rd i ng t o o ne c o n fes s i o n, w h en t he w i t ch es a r
m m
.

ri v ed , t h ey fo u nd a j u g in t he i dd l e o f t he p l a c e o f eet i n g , o u t
o f w hich S a t a n r o s e i n t h e fo r m o f a go a t , w hich b e m mm
ca ei e
d ia t ely o f a m o ns t r o u s s iz e, a nd t hen b e fo r e t h ey s ep a r a t ed , he
m m
b ec a e s a ll a nd s hr u nk a g a i n i nt o his o ld r ec ep t a c l e O t h ers
m
.

s a id t h ey ha d s een hi l ik e a gr ea t t ru nk o f a tr ee, w i t h a n oh
 DE S C RIPTI O N OF T H E DE M O N . 203

s c u rev i s a ge b u t w i t hou t a rm s o r fee t s ea t ed o n a thro n e S om e

t im es he a p p ea r ed in t he s h a p e o f a l a r g e b l a c k m
, , .

a n w i t h hor n s

a nd h i s s h a p e m Som
, ,

o r e or l es s d e n i t e e s a id he ha d t w o
f a c es o n e in t h e ri g ht p l a c e a nd t heo t her in t hep a r t m
.

, ,
or e prop
erly i n t end ed fo r s i t t i n g t h a n s eei n g A c co r d i n g t o o t h er s t he
Som et i m
.
,

s eco n d fa c e w a s a t t he b a ck o f his h ea d es b e a p .

e a r ed a s a dog o r a s a n ex H e is r ep r es ent ed a s s i t t i n g o n a
p
thro n e m o r e or l es s ri c hly or n a m en t ed a nd s o m et i m
, .

es o f g o l d
T hec er em
, , .

o n i es o f w o r s h ip t hefea s t in t h e d a n c e a n d t h el i c ens e
g
w hich fo l lo w ed a r e d es c ri b ed in a l l t h ei r p a r t i c u l a r s i n a m
, , ,

u lt i

t u d e o f co n fes s io ns ex t o r t ed by t he t w o c o m mi s s io ner s A c co r d
, ,

ing t o t h es e co n fes s io n s t h e c hi l d r en w er e k ep t a p a rt a nd w er e
no t a d m it t ed t o s ee w h a t w a s g o i ng o n a m
, ,

o n g t h eir el d ers u nt i l
th ey ha d r ea c h ed a c er t a i n a g e .

J ea n n et t e d Ab a d ie o f S i b o ro w h o s e co nfes s ion h a s b een a l

rea d y s p o k en o f d es c r ib ed t he d em ou s da r k m
, ,

,
o n a s a h id e an

w i t h s ix h o r ns o n h is h ea d a n d t w o fa c es S he s a w t h er e a n
i n n i t e nu m b er o f p er s o ns ma ny o f w h o mshe k n ew
,
.

S he s a id
th a t a ma n n a med A nd u it z e w a s em
,
.

t ic e o f t he m
l i t t l e b l i nd m
pl o y ed a t S i b o r o t o g i v e no
eet i ng s t o t he s orc er er s o f t h a t p l a c e; a nd t h a t a
u s i c i a n o f S i b oro s er v ed a s t h eir m i ns t r el p l a y i n g
S he s a w s o m et i m es l i t t l e d em
,

o n t he t a b o r a n d u t e o ns w i t h
o u t a rm s am u s e t h em
.

s el v es a t t he s a bb a t h s w i t h l i h t i n g a g r ea t
g
r e a n d t hro w i n g w i t ches i nt o it a n d a ft er w a rd d r a w i ng t h em
T hi s w a s b y w a y o f h a r d en i ng t h ema g a in st t he
,

ou t u n hu rt

p u ni s h m ent w h i ch ev ent u a lly a w a i t ed t h eir c r i m

.

es T h is p er
s o n a l s o d es c r i b ed t h e g r ea t d em
.

o n w ho pr es i d ed a s b u r n i ng

hi m s el f t o po w d er t o b e d i s t r i b u t e d am o n g t h emfo r t he p u rp o s e
o f doi n g m i s chi ef i n t h e w o r l d S h e ha d s een w i t ch es ch a n ge
t h em l ves i nt o w ol v es d ogs c a t s a n d o t h er a ni m
.

se , ,
a l s by w a s h
, ,

i ng t h eir h a nd s in a c er t a i n w a t er w hich t h ey k ep t in a p o t a n d
reg a i n t h eir n a t u r a l fo rma t pl ea su r e S he s a id t h ey w ere u h
,

co n s ciou s th a t t heir a c t s w er e s i n fu l ; t ha t t hey w ent t o chu rch

as w e ll a s to t he s a bb a t hs ; a nd t h a t m a n y o f t he pri es t s w ho

o f ci a t ed a t t he for m er a c c o m p a ni ed t h ema l s o t o t h e l a t t er a n d
d in a ll t h eir exc es s es S heha d s een t he w ho l e a ss em
,

sh a re bl y
a t t he c l o s e o f t he s a bb a t h proc eed t o t h e c em
.

et ery o f S t J ea n .

d e Lu z or o f S ib o ro t o b a p t i z e t o a d s w hich w er e c l o t h ed in r ed
, ,

or b l a ck v el vet w i t h a b ell a t t he n eck a n d a no t h er t o t h eir

feet ; a nd s he h a d s een t he d a m
, ,

e o f M a r t ib el sa r ena d a n c e a t t he
s a bb a t h w i t h fo u r t o a d s o ne d r e
,
s se d in b l a c k v el v et w i t h b ell s
a t it s f ee ,
t a nd t he o t h er t hr eeu n cl o t h ed ; t h e o n e in c l o t h es w a s
'
o u he r l eft s ho u l d er a no t h er s a t o n he
,
r right sho u l d e r a nd t he ,

o th er t w o p e r che d l ik e b ir ds on her w r ist s

.
204 S O R C E RY AND MA GIC
'
.

A nother girl tw ent y fou r y ea r s o f a ge ga v e a n ext r a or d inar y

-

d es cri pt io n o f t h e gra n d s a b b a t h S he co m
, ,

p a r ed it t o a grea t
fa ir in w hich s o m
.

e w er e w a l ki ng a bo u t in t h eir o w n s h a p es
w hi l e o t h er s w er etr a ns fo rm
, ,

ed i nt o d og s c a ts a ss es hor s es pigs
a nd o t h er a n i m
, , , , ,

a ls T h ere w er e t hree gra d es o f a ss i s t a n t s a t

t hi s c er em o ny t he chi l dr en w ho w er e k ept a t a d is t a n c e fro m
.

t her es t w it h w hi t e t w ig s in t h eir h a nd s t endi n g o n t roo p s o f

t o a d s t h a t w er e a t p a s t u r e b y t he s id e o f a s t rea m
, ,

; tho s e w ho
w er e m ore a d va n c ed i n a g e b u t w er e a s yet k ep t in a k i nd of
,

n o v ic ia t e a nd w er e a ll o w ed t o s eeev ery t hi ng b u t n o t to p a rt a k e;
, ,

a nd l a s t l y t ho s e w ho w er e a ll o w ed u nr e s t r a i ne d i ndu l g en c e in
a ll t h e a m u s em ent s o f t he m O f t hel a t t er s o m
,

eet i ng ea pp ea red
i n vei l s to m
.

a k e t he poor e r s ort t hi nk th ey w er e p ri n c es a nd
o w er e a s h a m
,

r e a t pe op l e w h ed t o s ho w t heir f a c e S h e
g s

poi nt ed o u t o n e E s t eb en Det z a il t h en in pri s o n o n t he s a m

.
,

e
c h a rg e a s t he m
,

,
a n w ho u s u a lly h el d t he b a s i n o f a ny thi n g b u t

ho ly w a t er w i t h w hich t h e i n it i a t ed w er e s pr ink l ed S he sa id .

t h a t t h er e w er e c o nt i nu a ll y d ep a r t u r es a nd n ew a rri va l s a nd
m s ee t h em
,

y ou igh t y o ne i nt o t he a ir a no t h er to w a rd

h ea v en a no t h er t o w a rd ea rt h a nd a no t her s o m et i m
, ,

es to w a r d
g r ea t ti r es t h a t w er e l it h er e a nd th ere l ik e s o m
, ,

a ny roc k e ts ,

se nt i nt o t he a ir or s t a r s fa ll i ng t o t he ea r t h
, .

M a ny o f t hes e w i t ch es g a ve ex t r a ordi na ry a ccou nts o f t he

ma nner in w hic h t hey mix ed th eir poi s ons a nd ch a rms T he
for m
.

er w er e pr es er v ed i n po t s w hich t h ey bu ri ed u nd er g ro u nd
o r co n c ea l ed i n s o m e very u nfr eq u en t ed p l a c e S o m
,

eo f t hea c
d w h en u nd er ex a m
.
_

cu se , i n a t io n s ta t ed t ha t one o f th eir chi ef

,

hidi ng pl a c es w a s o n a pr ec ipi t o u s cl i u po n t he co a st nea r t he

'

S pa n i s h b or d er Nex t d a y w hic h w a s t he 1 9t h o f J u ly 1 609

t he t w o c o m mi s s io ner s w i t h a mu l t i t u de o f p eop l e o n hors e a nd
.
, , ,

foo t s a ll ied for t h t o t he p l a c e i ndic a t ed b u t t heir effort s to r ea ch

t he su m mi t o f t he roc k w er e fru i t l es s a nd t heo nly resu lt o f this
, ,

d em o ns t r a t io n w a s t o a l a r mt he i nha bi t a nt s o f Fo nt a r a b ia Next
,

d a y t h ey r et u r ned a n d w er e m or e su cc es s fu l in c l i m
.

, bi ng b u t ,

th ey fo u nd t h a t t hew i t ch es ha d c a rri ed t h eir t r ea s u re a w a y

T ho u gh s ever a l w i t ch es in L a bo u rd u s ed a c ert a in oi ntm
.

ent
p r epa r a t or y t o t h eir vo y a g e t o t he s a bb a t h yet Lhi a pp l ic a tio n ,

a pp e a r s no t t o h a v e b een a b s o l u t ely n ec es s a r y a s th ey o f t e n
tr a nspor t ed t h em
,

se l v es t h it h er w i t hou t it T hi s w a s pro v ed by
t h e fa c t t h a t s o m e o f t h em w ho w er e s o a ddic t ed to thes e pr a c
.

t ic es t h a t t h ey w er e t em p t ed t o p er s ever e in t h emeven a ft er
, ,

t h ey ha d fa l len i nt o t he h a nd s o f t h eir p er s ec u t or s w ent t o t he

s a bb a t h s fro m
,

th eir p ri so ns w h er et h ey co u l d obta i n no u ngu ent
, .
 THE PRI E STS IN DA NGE R . 205

S ev er a l w itness es d epos ed to h a v i ng m et a w om a n na m ed Na
c a t o a t a s a b b a t h o n t he co a st in t he direc t io n o f Fon t a r a b ia a t
t he ti m
,

e t h a t s he w a s k no w n t o b e in p ri s on O n a no t h er o c .

c a s io n s ix chi l dren d ec l a red t h a t t hey ha d b een ta k en t o a sa b

b a t h o u t he s u m mit o f t he mou nt a i n La R hu ne by a w i t ch o f
,

Ur r o g n e n a m ed M a r is s a n s d e T a rt a s w ho w a s o n t h a t very
La R hu ne i s a l o ft y m
, ,

n ight co n ned in pri s o n ou nt a i n it s

b a s e s t retchi ng i nt o t hr ee k ingdo m
.
,

s F r a n c e Na v a rr e a nd S p a i n

a nd it s su m mi t s eems to h a ve b een a very fa v ori t e r es ort o f t he

, , , ,

w itch es o f th es e p a rt s . M a ri e d e l a P a rq u e a girl o f A nd a ye , ,

o f t h e a e o f n i ne t ee n o r t w en t y a nd s ever a l o t h er s d e po e d
g s

th a t t h ey w ere pr es ent a t a s a bb a t h h el d o n t he t o p o f t hi s m
, ,

ou n
ta i n w h en a w o m a n na m ed Do m in g in a M a l et en a m a d e a w a g er

w i t h a no t h er w hich co u l d l ea p fa r t h es t a n d t h a t Do m
, ,

ing ina w ent

a t o n e l ea p f r o ni t he t o p o f t h e m
,

o u nt a i n t o t he s a nd s b et w een
h d a ye a nd F o nt a r a b ia a di st a n c e o f n ea rly t w o l ea g u es w hi l e
, ,

her r i va l dropp ed in t h e t o wn o f A nd a y e b efor e t he door o f o ne ,

o f t h e i nh a bi t a nt s T he o t h er w itch es ew in a c r o w d a ft er
themt o a dj u dge t he vi ct ory
.

T he w i t ch es o f L a bo u rd w er e k no w n not o nly b y m
.

a rk s o n

t he bod y b u t t h ey ha d g en er a lly a di m i nu t i ve ma rk i n t he l eft

eye d es crib ed a s r es em O u r t w o co m mi s
,

b l ing a frog s foo t

si o n er s ha d w i t h th ema su rg eo n fro mB a y o nne w ho fro mhis

, .

ex t ens i v e pr a c t ic e in ex a m
, ,

i ni n g w i t ches ha d a t t a i ned t o a w o n
d er fu l s ki ll in di s co veri ng t h eir m
,

a rk s a nd a i r l o f e e n t ee n
g s v

w ho ha d a n i ns t i n c t i ve k n o w l ed g e o f t h em t hey em
, ,

p l o y ed t he
xa m ine t he o l d w o m en w hi l e t he gi r l w a s em
O

s u rg eo n t o e p l oy ed
rm em ber s o f t he s ex T h eir m
,

u po n t he y o u ng e a rk s w e r e d is
d by p inc hi n g a nd pricki n g t h emw i t h a p in
.

c o v er e

Wem igh t ll a v o l u m
.

e w i t h t he str a n ge s t ori es t o l d b y t h es e
B a s qu e w i t ch es T h eir a l a r ma t t hea rri v a l o f De L a n cr e a nd
his co m p a nio n w a s no t w i t hou t r ea s o n fo r w i t hi n a short t i m
.

e
t he a rres t s w er e s o n u m
,

ero u s t h a t it w a s h a rd ly po ss ib l e t o pro
vi d e pri s on s t o ho l d t h em S o m
,

e o f t he pri so n er s co n fes s ed
th a t t he d evi l hi m
.

se l f w a s t erri ed a nd t h ey sa id t h a t he ha d
ma d e s ev er a l a t t empt s to ki ll o r b ew it ch t he t w o co mmi ss io n ers
,

b u t t h a t he ha d fo u nd hi m
,

se lf po w er l ess a ga i ns t t h eir p er s o ns
F ro mj u d g ing t he l o w er ord ers De L a n cr e a nd his co m
.

, p a n io n
p roc eed ed t o t he b et t er c l a s s a nd es p eci a lly t o t he pri est s o f
w ho s e ch a r a cter in L a bo u rd he gi ves u s a v ery l o w es t i m
, ,

a te

T he r s t t hey a rrest ed w a s a n o l d m
.

an a pri e s t o f B a y o nn e

w ho co n fes s ed a nd w a s co n d em
, ,

n ed t o d ea th T he ex ec u t io n
o f thi s m
.
,

a n c a u se d a g r ea t s ensa t io n a t B a yo nne a nd thr o u g hou t

18
206 S O R C E RY A ND M AGIC .

t he w ho l e cou ntry o f L a bou rd O t her pri es t s w erea c cu s ed a nd

pl a c ed u nd er a rr es t a n d t he a l a r mw a s s o g rea t t h a t m
.

a n y o f t he

v o w s t o Not r e D a m
, ,

c l er g e d t he co u nt ry a nd o t her s pr e t e n d ed e
y
t ex t fo r a b s en t i n g t h em
,

o f M o nt s er r a t a s a pr e , se l ves T he ea ger .

n es s o f t he c l ergy t o l ea ve w a s co ns t r u ed i nt o a n ev i d en c e or
T he co m mi ss ion
,

a t le a s t a gro u nd fo r s u s pi c io n o f t h e ir g u i l t
er s a rr es t ed s ev en o f t he m
.
,

o s t no t a b l e in t he w ho l eco u nt r y w ho ,

ha d ch a rge o f s o u l s in t he b es t p a ri s h es o f L a b o u rd a nd o f t h ese
t w o es p ec i a lly w er e no t orio u s ly cri m
,

i na l M ig a lena a p ri es t o f , ,

S l b O l O a g ed n ea rly s even t y y ea rs a nd M a st er P i err e B oc a l o f

t he s a m
, , ,

e p l a c e a g ed t w ent y s ev en T h es e w er e bo t h a cc u s ed
-

o f b u rl es q u i n g t he c er em
.
,

o ni es o f t he c hu rch in t he d ev i l s s ab

b a t h s i n a d d i t io n t o a l l t he cri m
,
i na l a n d s co i ng a c t s l a i d t o t he
ch a rg e o f t he o t h e r w i t ch es T h er e w ere t w ent y fo u r w it nesss
.
-

w ho d ec l a r ed t hey ha d s een M ig a l en a a t t he s a b b a t h s a nd s e v

ent een w ho b r o u g ht a s i m
,

il a r ch a rge a ga i ns t t he o t h er s o t hs
t h ey w er e bo t h c o n vic t ed a nd ex ec u t ed b u t t h ey m
,

a d e n o c on

T he o t h er ve pri es t s a w a r e t h a t t he d a t e o f t h e co m
,

f es s io n
mi s s io n o f t h ei r t w o j u dg es w a s n ea r it s expira t io n ma d e a n
.
,

a pp ea l t o t he bi s h o p o f B a y o nn e a l t ho u gh t h e y k n ew h e h a d
co ns ent ed t o t he ex ec u t i o n o f t he t w o o t h ers T he co m mi s sion
,

ex p i r ed o n t he r s t No v em b er a nd t he co m mi s s io n ers l eft t he
.

ve p r i es t s u nj u d g ed a n d t h ey p erh a p s es c a p ed t o t he g r ea t r e
, ,

g r et o f t he ir p er s ec u t o r s .

De L a nc r e a ft er ll ing t he co u nt ry o f L a bo u rd w i t h d ea t h and
co nst er na t i o n r et u r ned t o T o u l o u s e H e t ook s o m
,

, u ch i nt er e .st

i n t he s u b j ec t o f s o r c er y t h a t he s oo n a ft er p u b l is h ed a no t h er
l a rg e qu a r t o v o l u m e o n t he s a m
,

e s u bj ec t in 1 622 ; u n d er t heti t l e
L i u c r d u l it et m ge pl ei nem
,

of es c r a n c ed u s or t i l e en t co u va i n

cu e

I l i s fell o w i nq u i s i t or D Es p a ig net co nt en t ed hi m
-

se lf
w i t h w r i t i n g a L a t i n p o emo n t he w i t ch es o f L a bou rd w hich he
.
, ,

p ri n t ed a t t he c o mmenc em
,

en t o f De L a u er es w ork a nd in

w hi ch he b o a s t s o f t he h a voc t h ey ha d m a de a m
,

o ng t h e fo l l o w
er s of Sat a n .

Nu per r el ict o C a nt a b r msinu d a t is

m m
,

Pa r t i fu g u e arti p
r o g o,
m
,

Ba g is, r e x o q u e o s t io Pr o s er p in
R eg n i i p s i u s ecu iu p l m
m m mh
.

Post q u a a u xi u s , t o r b t e u t C h a r o nt is cy u la
m
l p a r scel es t aa v ix n a t et ,
F a t a l is u r naed umm m o v e u s c a lc nl os ,

m h
Nig r u q u e T et a p r aav a l et
m m mmecr u ce
.

G a u d eb a a b ha c p r o r s u s r ed e p t u
m m m
.

Sa t ja r t c t t is d a o l nu
m
:

y
V er su t i is l a r v a e s t r g es d ecu ss er a ,
,

D u l ci p a r a t u s o t io .
 C HAP T E R X VII .

M AG I C I N S PA NI ; THE AU T O -
DA - F E O F LOGR O NO .

WE m a y p rob a b l y e xp l a i n t he n otorio u s ch a r a c t er o f t he in
ha bi t a n t s o f L a bo u rd a t t hi s ti m e b y su ppo s i ng t h a t t he p o p u l a
t io n o f t he B a s qu e pro v i nc e s ha d r e t a i n ed l i k e t he W el c h in ,

Engl a n d a l a r g e port io n o f t he ea rly su p er sti t i o ns o f t h eir r a c e

s e h a d so m u c h i n u en c e o n t h eir m
, ,

a nd t h a t th e i nd s t h a t u nd er
xcit em ent t he w hol e m
,

a su dd en e a s s o f t h e p eop l e w e r e l ed t o
bel i ev e th em se l v es w i t ch es .T h is v i ew o f t he q u es t io n is
st ren g t h e ned b y t he fa c t t h a t t he B a s q u e pro v i n c es o n t h e o t h e
, r

s id e o f t h e bord er w er e pr o v e rbi a l t hr o u gho u t t he s o u t h ern p en

i nsu l a a s t he pri n cip a l h a u nt o f t he w i t ch es o f S p a i n M es s ir e
P i err e d e L a n cr e co m p l a i ns o f t he n u m
.

b er o f s or c er ers w ho ed
fro m F r en ch j u s t ic e t o s eek r efu g e in S p a i n ; b u t t hey fo u nd
Sp a n i s h j u st ic e equ a lly r el en t l es s fo r t he i nqu i s i t o r s o f t h e s o u t h
ca m e u po n t h em a nd s ei z ed u po n a ll a l ik e F r ench m
,

en or S p a n
ia r d s u nti l th ey ha d t a k en s o m
, ,

a ny pri s o n e r s t h a t t h ey w er e (t o
m
,

u s e D e L a u er es o w n phr a s e) z t o k no w ho w t o d e
f


or t e
p c/ze a l
w i t h t h ema ll
, ,

S p a i n w a s a l w a y s l ook ed u po n a s in s o m
.

e s or t t he s p eci a l
cou nt ry o f su p erst i t i o n ; in t he b el i ef o f t he m iddl e a g es it w a s
t he cr a d l e o f s or c ery a n d m a g ic T he i nq u i s i t io n w a s t a ki n g
.

roo t in t he d i ff er ent pro vi nc es o f t he S p a ni sh p eni ns u l a d u ri n g

t he m i ddl e o f t he ft eent h c ent u r y a nd it fo u nd t h er e a r i ch ha r
v s t a m
,

o ng t he su p ers t i t io ns o f t he C hri s t i a n s a nd t he u nb el i ef ,

o f t he M oor s a n d J ew s A l fo n s o d e S pi n a a F r a nci s ca n o f C a s
.
,

ti l e w h er e t he i nq u i s i t io n w a s no t t h en est a bl i s h ed w rot e a bo u t
, , ,

t he y ea r 1 4 5 8 or 1 4 60 a w ork esp eci a lly di r ec t ed a g a i ns t her e

t i c s a nd u nbe
,

l i ev er s i n w hi c h he gi ves a ch a p t er o n t h o s e a rt i
c l es o f pop u l a r b el i ef w hi ch w er e d eri v ed fro mt he a nci ent hea
,

t hend o mo f t he p eop l e Am on g t hes e w i t ch es u nd er t h e n a m e

a pr o m
.
, ,

o f x u r u ine ( n a ) o r b r u xe h e l d i p l B u t t he
g j g
u r i n en t a ce

S p a ni sh fri a r o f t he ft eent h c en t u ry w i t h m u ch m
.
,

o r e good s e ns e
t h a n w a s sho w n in l a t er a n d m
,

o r e enl ight en ed a g es t a u ght t h a t ,

t he a c t s a t t rib u t ed to t hi s c l a s s o f o ff end er s s u ch a s t h eir p o w er

o f tr a n s po r t i n g t h em
,

sel ves t hro u gh t he a ir t o d i st a nt l o c a l i t i es in

a n i n c r edib ly s hor t s p a c e o f t i m e t heir en t er i n g h o u s es a nd t he
v a ri o u s c r i m
, ,

i n a l a c t s w hi ch w er e t he obj ec t a nd r esu l t o f t h eir

tr a ns it t h eir p o w er o f t r a nsfor m i n g th em
,

s el v es &c ex isted o u ,
.
,
,
208 S O R C E RY AND MAGIC .

l y in t he im a g i na tio n H e b el i eved ho w ever t ha t t he p eopl e

.
, ,

w ho bor e t he ch a r a c t er o f w itch es w er e d el u d ed w r et ch es w hose

mi nd s b ei ng prepa red fo r his s ervic e t he d evil ma d eu s eo f t hem
,

a s i nst ru m H e tell s u s t h a t.i n his t i m

,

ent s o f ev i l e th es eo ff end
er s a bo u nd ed i n Da u p hiny a nd G a s co ny w h er e t hey a ss em
.

bl ed
in gr ea t nu m
,

b er s by n igh t o n a w i l d ta bl e l a n d c a r r y i n g ca ndl es -

w i t h th emto w or ship S a ta n w ho a p p ea r ed in t h e f ormo f a b oa r

,

o n a c ert a i n rock pop u l a r ly k n o w n b y t he na m

,

e E lb och dc Bi
r n e a nd t h a t m mha d b een ta k en by t he inqu i si t ion
,

te a ny o f t h e

F ro mt ha t t i m
,

o f T o u l o u s e a n d b u rn t . ew e n d i n S pa n i sh his ,

to r y t he ch a rge o f w i t chcr a ft a nd s orc er y n ot u nfr eq u ently

brou gh t for w a rd u nd er di ff er ent form s a nd circ u m
,

st a n c es o f w hic h

ver a l r em a rk a b l e ex a m
,

se p l es a r e gi ven b y Ll orent e in h is hi st o
r y o f t he i nq u i s i t io n in S p a in .

T he rst a u t o d a : a ga i nst sorc er y a pp ea r s t o h a ve b een tha t

- -

o f C a l a horr a in 1 5 07 w h en t hi r t y w o m en ch a rged b efore t he

a t nu m
, , ,

i nq u i s i t io n a s w i t ch es w ere b u rnt I n a gre b er

of w om
, .

en w er e a cc u s ed in Na va rr e o f t he pra c t ic e o f so rcer y
throu gh t he i nfor m
,

a t io n o f t w o gir l s o ne o f e l even t h e o t her

, ,

o nly o f ni ne y ea rs o l d w ho co nfess ed b efor e t he ro y a l co u n

,

ci l o f Na va rr e t h a t t h ey b een r ec eived i nto t he s ect o f t h ej u r

i na s a nd pro m i sed o n co ndi t io n o f b e i ng p a rdo ned t o dis
g
co ver a ll t he w o m re i m
, , ,

c n w ho w e p l ic a t ed in th es e p r a ctic es .

T he t w o chi l dr en d ec l a r ed t h a t by i ns p ec t i ng t he l eft eye o f t he

p er so n a cc u s ed t h ey k new i nsta nt ly if s he w er e a w i t ch o r not ;
re t h ey w ere nu m
,

a nd h a vi ng poi nt ed o u t a di s t r i ct w h e erou s a nd
w h er e t h ey h el d th eir a s s em b l i es t he co u nci l s ent a comm
,

i ssion
er t hi t h er w i t h t h em a t t end ed by a n es cort o f fty hors em
,

en
A t ea ch v i ll a g eo r h a m l et t h ey c a m
.
,

et o t h ey co n ned t h et w o g i r ls
,

s ep a r a t e ly in t w o ho u s es a nd bro u ght a ll p ers ons su spec t ed of

w i t chcr a ft in t h a t n eigh b orhood b efore t h embo th i n s u cc ess ion
,

All t ho s e w o m
.

en w ho h a pp ened t o b e d ec l a r ed t o b e w i t c h es by
bot h g irl s w er e a dj u dged t o b egu i l t y a n d w er e t hr b w n i nt o p ri s

y w er e s oo n forc ed t o m
, ,

o n w h er e t h e
, a k e co nf e ss io n s T h ey .

d ec l a r ed t h a t t h eir s oci et y co ns i s t ed o f a h u ndr ed a nd ft y

w om en ; t h a t o n t he r ec ep t ion o f a new pro s ely t e if s he w ere
of a m a b l e a g e a y o u ng m ll m
,

a rri a g e an w e a d e a nd rob u s t w as
gi v en t o her a s a co m p a nio n ; t ha t she w a s m
, , ,

a de t o de n y he r

C hri st ia ni t y ; a nd t ha t w h en t hi s c er em o ny t ook p l a c e a b l a c k
go a t a pp ea r ed su dd enly in t he m
,

idd l e o f a circ l e a nd w a l k ed
ro u n d it s ever a l t i m
,

es ; t h a t a s s oo n a s t h ey h ea rd t h e h o a r se
voic e o f t hi s a n i m a l t he y a l l b ega n t o d a n c e to a noi s e w hich
r esem bl ed th a t o f a tr u m
, ,

p et ; th a t t h ey next k i ssed t he goa t in

 THE WIT CH E S F OUND G UILT Y . 209

me m er h b ee d ecrib ed i o t h er rel tio ; d

t he sa a nn as as n s n a ns an

t h e th ey fe t ed
n br e d w i e as d ch ee e; ft er t hi w
on a n an s a s as

do e th eir ml e co m
, ,

n p io w ere ch g ed i t o go t
a an nsd bore an n a s, an

themthro gh t he i to t he p l c e w h ere they w er e t w ork m

,

u a r i a o s

chi ef ; t hey id th ey ha d poi so ned s ever a l p er so ns b y t he ord er

sa

o f S a t a n a nd t h a t fo r t hi s p u rpo s e he i nt rod u c ed t h e mi nt o t h eir

hou s es thro u gh t hew i ndo w s o r doors T h ey ha d g ener a l a ss em
,

b l i es t he n ight b efore E a ster a nd o n t h e gra nd fest i v a l s o f t he

,

ch u rch a t w hich t h ey i ndu l g ed in a l l t he exc ess es o f t he w i t ch

,

es s a bb a t h

W e a r e a ssu r ed b y t he hi st o ri a n w ho ha s r ecord ed
these event s (Do n P ru d en cio d e S a ndo va l ) t h a t t he co m mi ss ion
.

er t oo k o ne o f t he w itch es a nd o ff er ed her p a rdo n if s he w ou l d

er fo r mb efor e himt h e op er a t io n o f sorc ery s o a s t o y a w a y in
his s i ght T o t hi s propo sa l shea greed a nd h a vi ng o b t a ip ed po s
,

s s io n o f t he box o f oi nt m
.
,

se ent w hich w a s fo u nd u po n her w h en

a rr es t ed s h e w e n t u p i nt o a t o w er w i t h t he co m mi s s io ner a nd
pl a c ed h ers el f in fro nt o f a w indo w A nu m
, ,

b er o f o t h er p er .

s o n s w e a r e a s su r e d w er e pr es ent S he b ega n b y a noi nt i n g

w i t h h er u n gu ent t h e p a l mo f her l eft h a n d her w ri st a n d el bo w
, .
,

r a r m a nd o n t h e groi n a nd l eft s id e
, ,

a nd b y r u bbi n g it u n d er h e , .

She th en sa id w i t h a l o u d v oic e A rt t ho u t h er e? All t h e
Y es I a mh er e
,

sp ect a tor s h ea rd a v oic e in t h e a ir r ep ly i n g
T he w o m
, , .

a n t he n b eg a n to d es c end t he w a ll o f t h e to w er w i t h
her h ea d do w nw a rd cr a w l i ng o n her h a n d s a nd f eet l ik ea l i z a rd
,

a nd w h e n she w a s h a l f w a y do w n s he t ook a s t a r t i nt o t he a ir, ,

a nd ew a w a y in v i ew o f a ll t he s p ec t a tor s w ho fo ll o w ed he r

w ith th eir ey es t i ll sh ew a s n o l o ng er v i s ib l e T he co m mi s s io n
,

er o ff er ed a r ew a rd to a nybod y w ho w o u l d bri n g her Ba ck a n d

t wo d a y s a ft er w a rd she w a s bro u g ht in b y s o m
,

e sh eph erd s w ho
ha d fo u n d h er in t he el d s W h en a sk ed b y t he co m
. mi s sio ner
w hy she did no t y a w a y fa r eno u gh t o b e o u t o f t he r ea ch o f
her pu r su er s she s a id t h a t her m
,
a st er w o u l d no t c a rry her
f u rth er th a n t hr ee l ea gu es a t w hich di st a n c e b e l eft her in t he
,

el d s w h er e t he s h eph erd s fo u nd her The w i t ch es a rr est ed o n .

thi s occ a s io n a fter b ei n g fou nd g u i l ty by t he s ec u l a r j u dges w er e

ha nd ed o ver to t he i nq u i si t io n o f E st ell a a nd th er e co nd em
, ,

ned
t o b e w hipp ed a nd i m
,

p ri so ne d
T he m om
.

ent t he a t tent ion o f t h e i nq u is i t io n w a s thu s d r a w n

t o t he cri m e o f s orc ery t he pr eva l e nc e o f t hi s s u p erst i t ion in t he
B a squ e p ro vi n c es b ec a m
,

e n o t orio u s ; a n d C h a r l es V ri ght ly
j u dgi n g t ha t it w a s t o b e a ttr ibu t ed m
,
.

or e t o t he ig nora nc e o f t he
po pu l a t io n o f t hes e d i s tr ic t s t ha n to a ny o t h er c a u se dir ected
rs s ho u l d b e s ent t o i n stru c t t h em
,

t ha t p r ea ch e .

18
21 0 S O R CE R Y A ND M AGI C .

T he rst tr ea ti s e in t he S pa ni sh l a ngu a geo n t he su b j ect of

s orc ery b y a F r a n c i s c a n m
,
o nk n a m ed M a rt i n d e C a s t a a g a w as ,

p ri nt ed u nd er a ppro b a t io n o f t he bi s ho p o f C a l a ho r r a i n 1 529
A b o u t t hi s t i m
.

e t he z ea l o f t he i nq u i s i t ors o f S a r a go s s a w a s ex
ci t ed by t he a pp ea r a nc e o f m a ny w i t c h es w ho w e r e s a id to co m e
f ro mNa va rr e a n d t o h a v e b een s ent b y t h eir s ect a s m i s s io na
ri es to m a k e di s cip l es o f t he w o m
,

en o f A r a gon T hi s su dd en
.

w i t ch p er s ec u t i o n i n S p a i n a pp ea r s t o h a v e ha d a n i n u en c e on
t he fa t e o f t he w i t ch es in I t a ly PO p e A dri a n I V w ho w a s
. .
,

r a i s ed t o t he p a p a l ch a ir in 1 5 22 w a s a S p a ni sh bi s hop a nd ha d
I n t he ti m
, ,

h el d t he o ffi c e o f i n q u is i t o r gener a l in S p a i n
-
e of
J u l i u s I I w ho r u l ed t he p a p a l w o r l d fro m1 5 03 t o 1 5 1 3 a s ect
.

red in L o m
.
, ,

o f w it ch es a nd s or c er er s ha d b een di s co v e b a rd y w ho
w er e ex t r em ely nu m
,

ero u s a n d h a d t h eir s a bb a t h s a nd a ll t he
o t her a bo m
,

i na t i o n s o f t he co nt i nent a l w i t ch es T he proc eed

i ngs a g a i ns t t hema pp ea r t o h a v e b een hi n d er ed by a di s p u te b e
.

t w een t he inqu i s i t or s a n d t he s ec u l a r a nd ec c l es i a s t i c a l j u dg es
w ho c l a i m ed t he j u ri s di ct io n i n s u ch c a s es O n t he 2 ot h o f
J u ly 1 52 3 P op e A d r i a n i s su ed a b u ll a ga ins t t he cri m
.

, , e o f so r
c ery p l a c i ng it in t he s ol ej u ri s dic t io n o f t he i nqu i s i t or s T hi s
b u ll p er ha p s ga ve t he n ew i m
.
,

p u l s e t o t he p r o s ec u t io n o f t he
w i t c hes i n S pa i n
O f t he c a s es w hich fo ll o w ed d u ri n g m or e th a n a c ent u r y t he
mo st r ema rk a b l ew a s t h a t o f t hea u t o da i a t Logrono o n t he 7t h
,

- -

a nd 8 t h o f No vem b er 1 6 1 0 w hich a ro s e in s o m
, , em ea su r e from
t he vi s i t a t io n o f t h e F r en ch B a s q u e pro v i n c e i n t he pr ec ed ing
y ea r T he v a ll ey o f B a s t a n is s i t u a t ed in Na va rr e a t t he foot o f
.

t he Py r enees o n t h e F r enc h fro nt i er a n d a t n o gr ea t di s t a nc e

fro mLa b o u r d
, ,

I t w a s w i t hi n t he j u ri s dic t io n o f t he i nq u i s i t ion
es t a b l i s hed a t Lo g r o o in C a s t i l e T he m
.

. a ss o f t he pop u l a t io n

o f t hi s v a ll ey a pp ea r t o h a v e b een s or c er er s a nd t h e y h el d t h eir
meet i ngs or s a b b a t hs a t a pl a c e c a ll ed Z u ga rra mu rdi T h eir
,

pr a c t i c es w er e b r o u g ht t o l i ght in t he fo ll o w i n g m
.

a nner A l it t le
gi r l fro mt he n eig hb o ri ng F r en ch ter ri t o r y w a s s ent t o bo a rd w i t h
.

a w om a n o f Z u ga r r a m u rdi w ho w a s o n e o f t he w i t ch e s a nd w a s

i n t heh a b i t o f t a ki ng t he c hi ld w i t h her t o t h eir a ss em b l i es

, ,

eshe

w a s a s yet t o o y o u n g t o b e fo r m a lly i n i t i a t e d A ft er her r et u r n

ho m e t he chi l d h a v i n g r ea c h ed a pr ep er a g e b ec a m
.

e a w it ch
m
, , ,

a t t he i n s ti a t io n o f o n e o f h e co n t r y w o en b t h e h
g r u u s s u ac

m
,

q u e n t ly r ep e n t e d a n d ob t a in ed a b s o l u t io n f r o t h e bi s h o p o f
B a y o nne S he a ft er w a r d w ent a g a i n t o r es id e a t Z u g a r r a m
,

u rd i

w h er e m eet i ng o ne d a y a w o m a n o f t he p l a c e n a m
.
,

ed M a ri a d e
J u r r et eg u ia s he to l d her th a t she k n ew s he w a s a w itch Wh en
, . .
 THE W ITC HE S OF B A STA N . 21 1

t hehu sb d of M a ria h ea rd thi s he l o a d ed her w ith r ep ro a ch es

an , ,

a nd h a v in g b e en co nfro nt ed w i t h t he a cc u s ed she w a s ob l iged

M a ri a w a s i m medi a t ely c a rri ed b eforet he
,

t o c o n fes s her f a u l t .

inqu i s i t io n o f Lo g r o o a nd sh e w a s gi ven t o ex p ect her p a rdo n

,

in ret u r n fo r a f u ll co nfes s io n o f t he pr a c t ic e o f her a s s oci a t es .

M a ri a d e J u r r et eg uia w a s t hew i feo f E s t eva n d e Na v a l co r r ea .

Terri ed a t t he a cc u sa tio n o f t he F r ench girl a nd t he a n g er o f

her h u s b a nd sh e m
,

a d e a fu ll co nf e
, s s io n t o t he i nq u i s i t or s o f

Lo g r o o i n w hich she ga v e a d et a i l ed a ccou nt o f t he p r o

,

ce ed i ng s o f t he s ec t o f s orc er er s w hich w a s a ft er w a r d co n
r m ed b y t he co nfess io ns o f eigh t een o f her a cco m
,

p l i c es w ho
w er e a rr est ed in co ns eq u en c eo f t he i n for m
,

a t io n she g a v e S he
ha d b een a w i t c h fro mher i n fa n c y h a vi ng b een i nt rod u c ed t o
.

t he w i t c h es m eeti ng s b y h er m
,

a t er n a l a u nt s M a ri a a nd J u a n a

Chipi a S he ha d rec ent ly l eft her evi l w a y s a n d m a d e a co n

fess i o n t o a nd r ec ei ved a b s o l u t io n fro mt he c u r o f Z u g a r r a

.
,

mu rdi in cons equ enc e o f w hi ch she ha d b een p ers ec u t ed by t he

,

dev i l a nd t he o t her w i t ch es S he s a id t h a t w h en her a u nt s t ook

her t o t he sa bb a t h m
.

eet i ngs t h ey p a ss ed o u t o f t heho u s e t hro u gh

l it t l e ho l es in t he doors t he l a t t er b ei ng l ock ed A m
,
o ng her .

p r a c t ic es s he s a id t h a t s h e h a d o f t en d e c ei v e d a p ri est w ho w a s

fon d o f h u nt i ng by t a ki ng t he for mo f a b a r e a nd l ea di n g h ima

,

, ,

lo ng co u rs e M igu el d e G o ib u r u w a s Ici ng o f t he s o r c er ers o f

Z u g a rr a m he sa id t h a t he w a s o n c e a t a m
.

u rdi eeti ng a f t he s er
ce r er s i n a s p ot o n t he F r ench s i d e o f t he f ro nt i e r a t w hi ch
more t ha n ve hu ndred p ers o ns w er e pr es ent on w hich o ne o f
,

his p a rt y Es t efa ni a d e T ell echea exc l a i m ed in a st on i sh m

,

, ,
ent ,

J esu s w h a t a cro w d ! a n d t he w hol e s c ene d i s a pp ea r ed a nd
t he a s s em
,

b ly sepa ra t ed in t heu t m
,

o s t co ns t erna t io n O n a no t h er
occ a sio n a w i t c h na m
.

ed M a ri a Es c a in h a v i n g per su a d a d a s a i l
ir s oci et y a t t he rst m
,

o r t o joi n t h e eet i ng w hich he a tt end ed

, ,

h e w a s so a s t o ni sh ed a t t h e horribl e gu r e o f t he d evi l t h a t h e ,

cri ed o u t i nv o l u nt a ri ly J esu s ho w u gly he is ! o n w hich t he

meet i ng brok eu p in t he s a me ma nner H is bro t h er J o a nes d e

, ,

.
,

G oib u ru co n fess ed th a t he ha d p l a y ed o n t ho ta bor w h en t he

w i t ch es d a nc ed a t t h e m
,

eet i ng s a n d t h a t o ne d a y h a v i n g a c c i
d ent a lly p ro l o nged th eir m eet i ng t i l l a ft er cock cro w h i s i m
,

p -

di s a pp ea r ed a nd he w a s ob l iged t o r et u r n t o Z u ga rr a m
,

u rdi o n

T hew i feof t hi s m
,

foo t a n G r a ci a na d e B a rr e nech ea w a s t h ei r
qu een S he to l d a s tory o f her j ea l o u sy o f a no t h er w it ch na m
.
, ,

.
ed
M a r i a J o a nes d e O ri a b ec a u s e t he l a t t er w a s t o o g r ea t a fa vor
'

it e w it h t he d evi l ; a nd a ft er su c c eed i n g in s ed u ci ng t he ev i l o n e
int o a n a ct of i n d el i t y sheob t a i ned his p erm,
i ss ion to p oi son her
21 2 S O R CE R Y AND M AGIC .

ri va l . J u an d e S a na i n t he cou s i n o f M i gu el d e Go ib u r u con
, ,

fes s ed t ha t his o f c e ha d b een t o p l a y o n t he u t e a t t he u h

b a t h s M a rt i n d e V iz ca y w a s t he o v ers eer o f t he c hi l dren w ho
ca m e to t he a s s em b ly a n d it w a h is bu s i nes s t o k eep t h ema t a
.

di st a n c e w h er e t h ey co u l d n o t s ee w h a t to o k p l a c e b et w een t he
d em o n a nd his vi c t i m
,

s T w o s i s t er s E st efa n i a a nd J u a na de
T el l echea co nfes s ed l ik e t he o t h er s t h a t th ey ha d d o ne m
.
,

,
u ch

i nj u ry t o t he p ers o ns a nd prop er t i es o f t h eir neighbor s w ho di d

no t b el o n g t o t h eir s oci et y T he l a t t er s a id th a t o ne d a y a c
.
,

cordi ng t o a n a nci ent u s a ge o f t he p l a c e t he i nh a bi t a nt s o f Z n

ar r am m
,

r d i a sse b l d i h i g o f S t Joh n s d a y t o el e ct

g u e n t e e ven n a .

k i ng o f t he C hri sti a ns a nd a k i n g o f t he M oor s w ho w er e t o

co m ma nd t he t w o p a rt i es o f C hri st i a ns a nd M oors in t he sham
,

ght w hich t ook p l a c e s evera l t i m es in t h e y ea r fo r th eir a m u se

ment I t w a s in t he y ea r 1 608 a nd her hu sb a n d w a s elected

.
,

k i ng o f t he M oors H e w a s no t a s orc erer a nd a s he r ec ei ved

th a t night t he v i s i t s o f his neighbors t o co m pl i m ent himo n his
.
,

mock digni t y s he w a s obl iged t o r ema i n a t home t o do t he ho n

r ed fro ma tt endi n g t he
,

o r s o f t he ho u s e a nd w a s t hu s hi nd e

w i t ch es a s s em
,

b ly I n spi t e o f t hi s r ea s o na b l e exc u s e Ju a na
w a s co nd em
.
,

n ed a t t he n ext s a bb a t h to b e s ever e ly w hipp ed b y

J u a n d e Echa l a z a s m i t h w ho h el d t he o f c e o f t he devil s exe
, ,

cu t io ner .

All t he p er s ons a rr est ed o n t hi s occ a s ion a gr eed in th eir d e

s crip t io n o f t he s a bb a t h a n d o f t he pr a c t ic es o f t h e w itc h e s

w hi c h i n t h eir g ener a l fea t u r es bor e a c l o s e r es em

, ,

bl a nc e t o
tho se o f t he w i t ch es o f L a bo u rd The u su a l p l a c e o f meeti n g
w a s k no w n h er e a s in L a bo u rd b y t he po p u l a r n a m
.

e o f A qu e
la r r e a G a s co n w ord s i g ni fy i n g t hem
, ,

ea do w o f t hego a t T heir
ordi na ry m
.
, ,

eet i n g s w er e h el d o n t he n ight s o f M o nd a y W ed nes ,

d a y a n d F rid a y every w eek b u t t h ey ha d gr a nd f ea s ts o n t he

, , ,

pri ncip a l ho l yd a y s o f t he ch u rch su ch a s E a ster P ent eco s t

C hri s t m
, , ,

as &c , All t h es e fea s t s a pp ea r t o h a v e b een xed by

.

t he C hr is t i a n t ea c h er s a t t he p eriod o f o l d er p a ga n fes t iva ls

T he f ormordi na ri ly a s s u m ed by t he d em
.

on w h en a new c o nv er t
w a s to b e r ec ei v ed w a s t h a t o f a m a n w i t h a s a d a n d cho l e
, r ic

co u nt ena nc e very b l a ck a nd v ery u gl y H e w as s ea t ed on a

l o ft y t hro ne b l a ck a s ebo ny a nd s o m et i m
, .

, es gi l t w i t h a ll t he a c
, ,

ce sso r ies c a l cu l a t ed to i ns pir e r e ver en c e O n his h ea d w a s a

cro w n o f s m
.

a ll hor ns w i t h t w o l a rg e r o nes b ehi nd a nd a n other

, ,

l a rger o n e o n t he for eh ea d ; it w a s t he l a tt er w hich g a v e a l i ght

so m ew h a t gr ea t er t h a n t h a t o f t he m oo n b u t l ess t h a n t h a t o f t he
r ved to i ll u m i na t e t he a ssem
,

s u n w hi ch s e
, b ly H is eyes w er e .
 TIM E O F TH E S ABB A TH . 21 3

lar ge a nd d a nd terribl e t o l ook a t ; his b ea rd l i k e th a t o f a

r ou n

a nd t h e l o w er p a r t o f hi S b o dy ha d t he formo f th a t a n i
,

g o at
'

ma l : his feet a n d h a nd s w er e l ik e t ho se o f a ma n exc ept t h a t

,

t he end s o f h is n g er s w er e c u r ved l ik e t ho s e o f a bird o f pr ey

a nd end e d in l o ng poi nt ed na i l s a nd his to es w er e l ik e tho s e o f
H is v oic e bor e so m e r es em
,

a goo s e . b l a nc e to t he br a yi ng o f
a n a s s hi s w ord s b e
,
i ng i ll a rtic u l a t ed a nd in a l o w a nd ir r egu ,

lar to ne
S u ch w a s t he d em
.

on o f t he B a sq u e su p er st itions H is w o r
shi p w a s co n d u ct ed w i t h t he sa m e for m r em
.

s a nd c e oni es a s in
La bo u rd The ho u r o f m eeti ng w a s ni neo c l ock in t heev eni n g

mbly gen era lly brok e u p a t t w el ve A ft er t he w o r

.
,

a n d t he a s s e

mo n foll o w ed a t ra ves t i e o f t he C hri s t i a n ma ss a t

.

shi p o f t h e d e , ,

w hich t h e k i n g a nd q u een o f t h e s orc er er s o f ci a t ed a s pr ies ts

A ft er t he m d cam
.

a ss w a s n i s h e e t he u su a l s c ene o f l i c ent io u s
M a ny o f t h eir c er em o ni es w er e a c c o m
,

ne ss p a n i ed w i t h p op a
la r rh y m
.

es i n S p a ni s h T h u s w h en t he w i t ch es a nd s orc er ers
w er e m t her a ft er t he d evi l s m
.

a rri ed to g e a ss t he d evi l s a id t o

th em
,

E st a es b u ena p a r a t i,
E st ep a r a t i lo t o s
m .

A nd as or c er er s a rri v ed a t t he sa bb a th s
n ew s ,
t h e a ss e mbly
ch a nted jo yfu lly t he co u p l et
A l eg r emnos l eg r emos o a
m
,

Q u eg ent s nu ev a t en e os .

A fter t he s c ene l a st a ll u d ed to t he t a b l es w er e spr ea d a nd w e

, ,

a r e to l d th a t t h e y w er e a l w a y s cov er ed w i t h dirt y t a b l e c l o t h s -

T h eir fa vorite v i a nd s w er e t he es h o f m en w o m
.

en or chi l dren
rec ent ly d ea d w ho mt h ey ha d d u g u p fro mt heir g r a v es a n d it
, ,

, ,

w a s g en er a lly t he nea r es t r el a t i v es o f t hed ec ea s ed w ho a s s i st ed

in p r ep a ri n g t h emfo r t he fea st L itt l e d em o ns s er ved a t t a b l e
. .

A fter t he fea st th ey a ll d a nc ed toget her i n t hew i l d es t co nfu s ion

, .

A t o ne o f th eir s a bb a t h s t her e w a s a d a n ci ng girl w ho to t he -

la s ) m
, ,

s o u nd o f c a s ta net s (ca s t a n u e a d e su ch e xt r a ordi na ry c a p ers

t h a t a l l t he w i t ch es w er e i n a d m ira tio n a nd o ne o f t h emex
, ,

c la i m
,

ed J esu s ho w s he l ea p s ! o n w hich t he w ho l e s c ene
di s a pp ea r ed a nd t he p erso n w ho ha d u tter ed t he i m
, ,

pru d ent ex
cla m ft a l o ne to nd her w a y ho m
,

a tio n w a s l e e ho w she co u l d
A t t he n ext m
.

eeti ng she w a s s ev erely b ea t en fo r h er o ff enc e

E a ch new w i t ch ha d a t o a d gi v en to her w hich w a s her im
.

p
a nd a l w a y s a cco m p a n ied her to her m F ro mthi s a ni
, ,

eet i ng s
ma l sheext r a cted her mo st dea dly p o ison B efor et hey left t he
.

.
214 S O RC E RY AND MA GIC .

sa bb a th t he d em o n pr ea ch ed t o the mo n t hedu ti es they had con

t r a c t ed t o w a r d him exho r t ed h imt o go a nd i nj u r e t h eir fell o w
,

cr ea t u r es a nd t o p r a c t i s e every k i nd o f w ick ed ness a nd ga ve

t h em p o w d er s a nd l iq u o r s fo r poi s o n i ng a nd d es t ro y i n g
, ,

He
o ft en a c c o m p a ni ed t h emhim l f w h en s o m
.

se e gr ea t evi l w a s t o b e
d o ne a nd t o c a rry t heir p u r po s es i nt o eff ec t t h ey ch a n g ed t hem
s el ves i n t o t he fo r m s o f v er m i n o r o f a ni m
,

a l s o r bird s o f pr ey

I n t hes e exp ed it i o ns w hen t h ey t o ok pl a c e b y n igh t t he d em

, , .

on
carri ed t he a r mo f a n u nb a p t i z ed i nfa nt l it a t t he end s o f t he n
, ,

g er s w hi ch s erv ed t hep l a c e o f a c a nd l e or t orch W h en t h ey .

ent er ed p eo pl es ho u s es t h ey t hr ew a po w d er on t h e fa c es o f

t he i n m ate s w ho w e r e t h r o w n t h er eb y i n t o s o d eep a s l u m b er
t ha t no t hi n g c o u l d w a k e t h em u nt i l t he w i t ch es w ere go ne
,

Som et i mes t he d em n ed t he m
, .

o n ope o u th s o f t he p eopl e in t h eir

b ed s a nd t he s or c er er pl a c ed s o m et hi n g o n t he to ngu e w hich
a r mw a s t h e a cco m
,

p rod u c ed t hi s sl e ep T h e ch . n p a n i ed w ith

t he w ord s
m
D e l a s or t ifer a s a g u s s
D o s t r a g o s d iz en t e a p p ico l ,

p l
C o n q u ien les o vo s d e s a g a s
m Y ue r u s r a b i a nd o t isico
"
.

Som et i mes t h ey t hr ew t h es e po w d er s o n t he fru its o f t he el d

d h a i l w hi ch d es t r oy ed t h em O n t h es e occ a s io ns
,

a n d pr o d u c e

t he d em on a cco m p a ni ed t h emin t he for mo f a h u sb a n dm

.
,

a n a nd ,

w hen t h ey t hr ew t he po w d er s t h ey s a id ,

P l p l o vo s . o v o s,
P ier d a s e t a d o ,
Q u c d en lo s nu es t r os,

Y a b r asens e o t r o s .

W h en th ey w er e no t i nc l i ned t o do a ny o f th es e d est ru ct i ve
i nj u r i es t h ey a mu s ed t hem s el v es w i t h cr ea t i ng ph a nto m s w hich

t hey t hr ew in t h e w a y o f t r a v ell er s t o frig ht en t h em

,

S om et i mes t h e w i t ch es a n d s orc er er s w ent fro mt h eir s a bb a t h

.

t o a t t end a l a rg er m eet i ng w hi c h w a s h el d a t P a m p el u na w h ere

t h ey w ent t o w o r s h ip a g r ea t d em on na m ed B a r r a b a m w ho w a s
, ,

high er in di gni t y t h a n t he o ther d evi l s a nd his c erem

, ,

onies w er e
a t t end ed w i t h g r ea t er po m p T h ey c a ll ed him t he gr a nd m
,

. as

t er T h en t h ey w en t a l l in a bod y a n d p a ss ed o ver t h e fro nt i er
i nt o F r a nc e w h er e t h ey m
.

et o t her t ro o p s o f so r c er er s a n d t h ey
w er e t h en s o nu m
, ,

er o u s t h a t o ne o f t he d ep o nen t s sa id t h a t w h en
t h e a ss em b ly b r ok e u p t he s k y w a s co m ,
pl et ely c l ou d ed w ith
t het r 00 p s o f w i t ch es y i n g a w a y in a ll dir ect io n s .

T h e e hy m
s r e e t k en f mt he ep t f t hi t n
s ar a ro r t i n g i en i n De La n
or o s ra sa c o v
cr
e t hey b e
s aring l s e em b l
u ar rn ein g ene l
s a h a r a ct e
c r t o t h oseof t he
ra Sco t t ish
c
W i t che s t ha t W i ll b eg iven in a s b se qu ent cha p t er
u .
 O PINI O NS O F T HE S PA NIS H DO CT O RS . 2 15

The t o a d cted a very i m

a port a nt p a rt in t he w i t ch cra ft o f t he
B a s q u e p ro v i n c es W h en t he n ew w i t c h w a s p r es ent ed t o t he
meet in g fo r t he rst ti me t he t o a d w a s gi ven i nt o t hec a reo f her
.

ma r r a ine u n t i l t he conv ert ha d co mpl et ed her no vici a t e a nd w a s

,

, ,

co n s id er ed t to r ec ei ve it i nt o her o w n k eepi ng I t w a s d r ess ed .

i n a l i t t l e s a c k w i t h a ca p u chi n or co w l t hro u gh w hi ch t heh ea d

, ,

a s s ed a n d op en u nd er t he b elly w h er e i t w a s t i ed w i t h a b a n d
p
w h ich s erv ed a s a gird l e t hi s ves t w a s g ener a lly m
, , ,

a d eo f gr e en
or b l a c k c l o t h o r v el vet I t w a s t o b e t a k en gr ea t c a r e o f a nd
,
.
,

t o he o ft enfed a nd c a r es s ed I t w a s o ne o f it s d u t i es t o k eep
it s m i s t res s o r m a s t er in m i nd o f t he t i m
.

e fo r a t t en d ing t he s a b
b a t h a nd to w a k e hima t t he n ec es s a ry t i m
,
e i f he s ho u l d b e
a s l eep .T he t o a d a l s o fu r n i s h ed t he l iq u or w i t h w hich t he
w i t c h es r u bb ed d i ff er ent p a r t s o f t h eir b o d i es w h en t h ey w er e
pr ep a ri ng t o g o t o t h eir a s s em b l i es a nd by w hi ch t h ey w er e
en a b l ed t o y t hro u gh t he a i r c a r ry i n g t he r ep t il e w i t h t h em
,

S om et i m
.
,

es t he s orc er er t r a v ell ed t hi t h er o n fo o t a n d t h en t he
t o a d pr ec ed ed t a k in g l a rg el ea p s a n d t h ey p a s s ed o v er i m mens e
,

di s t a nc es in a few m
, ,

i nu t es a s w h en t h ey ed t hro u g h t he a ir
I f t he m
, .

eet i n g w er e a ccid ent a lly pro l o n g ed t i ll a ft er co c k cro w -

t he t o a d di s a p ea r ed ; a nd t h e s o rc er er fo u nd hi m
,

s el f r ed u c e d t
p o

his n a t u ra l po w er s ; b u t t he a n i m a l it sel f s oo n r ea pp ea r ed in t he
p l a c e w h er e it w a s u s u a l ly k ep t
T he w it ch es a m o n g t h em
.

s el ve s e njo y ed di ff e r ent d egr ees o f

r a nk a nd es t i m a t io n a cc o rdi n g t o t h eir i nt i m a c y w i t h t he e vi l

o ne a n d t h eir z ea l a nd a p t i t u d e t o w ork m
,

i s c hi ef I t w a s t o
t ho s e o n ly w ho mh e h e l d in t he high est es t eemth a t S a t a n i m
, .

p a rt ed t he m
,

or e d ea dly poi s o ns a nd he o ft en a s s i st ed in p er s o n
a t t h eir co m
,

po s i t io n .

T he a u l o d a f o f Lo gr o o a s fa r a s it rel a t ed t o t he s ect o f
- -

t he s orc er er s o f Z u ga r r a m
,

u rdi c a u s ed a gr ea t s ens a t ion a nd

, ,

bro u g ht t he s u bj ec t o f w i t c hc r a ft u nd er t he co n s id er a t i o n o f t he
S p a n i s h t h eo l o g i a ns T h es e w er e s o fa r m or e enl ight ened t h a n
t he bod y o f t h eir co n t em
.

p o r a ri es in o t her co u nt ri es t h a t t h ey
gen er a lly l ea n ed t o t he O pi nio n t h a t w i t c hcr a ft w a s a m
,

er e d e
l u s io n a n d t h a t t h e d et a i l s o f t he confes sio ns o f t he m i s er a bl e
crea t u res w ho w ere it s v ic t i m a t io ns o f t h e i m
,

s w er e a l l cr e a gi

na tio n . T hey w er e p u ni s h ed b ec a u s et h eir b el i ef w a s a h er es y ,

c o nt r a r y to t he doc t r i n e s o f t he ch u rch Ll orent e gi v es t he a h

.

s tr a c t o f a t r ea t i s e o n t hi s s u bj ec t b a S p a n i s h ec cl es i a s t i c
y
na m ed P edro d e V a l ent i a a d d r es s ed t o t he g r a n d i nq u i s i t o r in
co ns equ enc eo f t het ri a l a t L o gr o no in 1 6 1 0 a nd w hich r em
,

a i ne d
in m a nu s cri p t a m
,

ong t he a rc hi ves of t hei nqu i si t io n Thi s w riter .

216 S O R CE RY A ND M AGIC.

adopts entir el y t heo p i nio n t h a t t he a ct s co nfes s ed b y t h e w it ches

w er e i m a gi n a ry he a t t rib u t es t h empa r t ly t o t he m et ho d in
w hich t he ex a m i na t io ns w er e c a rri ed o n a nd t o t he d es ir eof t he
ignor a nt p eo p l e ex a m i ned to es c a p e by s a y i ng w h a t s eem
,

ed t o
l ea s e t h eir p er s ec u t or s a nd p a rt ly t o t heeff ec ts o f t he o int ments
p ,

a nd dr a u g h t s w hi c h t h ey ha d b een t a u ght t o ne s a nd w h i ch w e re

co m
,

po s ed o f i ngr edi ent s t h a t p rod u c ed s l eep a nd a c t ed u pon t he

im a gi na t io n a nd t he m
,

ent a l fa c u l t i es .

C HA P T E R X VIII .

A DV E NT U R E S OF DO C T O R TO RR A L VA .

S PA I N ha d no t in t hes ixt eent h c entu ry c ea s ed t o b ec el ebr a t ed

m m
fo r it s a gici a ns , a s w e l ea r n fro a v a ri ety o f a ll u s i o ns in w r i
t ers o f th a t a nd t he su b s equ ent p eriod s W e h a v e s een tha t it
m m
.

'

w a s t h en t he co u nt ry fro w hich a gic a l ri ng s w e r e p r o cu r ed,

a nd t h a t it w a s e qu a lly w i t h o t h er l a nd s t he s c ene o f tr ea su re
h u nt i ng a nd o f w i t chcr a ft Nor w a s it w a n ting i n g r ea t a gi
. m
c i a ns . O ne o f t h es e g a ve co ns id er a bl e c el ebrity t o t he vi ll a ge
o f B a rgot a , n ea r Vi a n a , in t he dioc es eo f C a l a horr a T hec u r o f .

B a rgot a , w ho is w ell k no w n t o ev er y r ea d er o f t he gl o r iou s r o

m a nc e o f C e rva nt es , a st o ni s h ed t he t erri t ori es o f R ioj a a nd Na
v a rr e b y h is extr a ordi na ry fea t s m
A o ng oth er expl oits he w a s
m
.

in t he h a bit o f t r a ns p or t i ng hi s el f t o di st a nt co u ntri es , a nd t e
tu rni n g in a n i ncr edib ly short s p a ce o f ti e I n t his w a y he m
m m
.

w i t n ess ed o st o f t he r e a rk a b l e occ u rrenc es o f t he w a r s in

I t a ly a t t he co mm m
enc e ent o f t he s ixteenth c entu ry , in w hich
S p a i n ha d a s p ec i a l i nt eres t , a nd h e a nno u n c ed his i ntell i g en c e
t he s a m
e d a y a t Vi a na a nd L ogro no H e w a s for ew a r n ed o f
m m m
.

ea ch event b y t he d e o n , his fa i l i a r T he l a tt er t o l d hi o ne
.

d a y th a t t he pop e w o u l d t h a t n ight d ie a v io l ent d ea t h It a p .

p ea rs th a t his hol i nes s ha d a n i nt rigu e w i t h a l a dy w ho se hu s

b a nd h el d a high o f c e in t he pa p a l co u r t T he l a t t er w as
m
.

a fr a id t o co pl a i n op enly , b u t he w a s no ne t he l ess ea g er for

m
r eveng e, a nd hejo ined w i t h s o e d esp era te r u i a u s in a p l ot t o
m
ta k e a w a y t he p o p es l i fe The d e o n w a s o f co u r s e r ej oic ed

m
.

a t t h e pro sp ect o f e v i l , b u t his fri en d t he c u r d e t er ine d to

O n t his su b j ec t t he r ead er is r efer r ed t o S a lver t es Phil osop hy of
'
Ma gic. b y
W . m
T ho so n, vol ii , cha pter s 1 a nd 2 8
. . m Be y
nt le , 1 846 .
 DO C T O R T O RR ALVA . 21 7

chea t hi m a nd sa ve h ea d o f t he chu rch fromt he d a nger

t he
wh i ch thr ea t ened hi m H e pr et end ed to b e s ei z ed w i t h a n
ea g er d es ire t o p roc eed t o R o m e t h a t he m ight h ea r t he ru m
.

or s
t o w h i c h s u ch a r em nc e m
,

a rk a b l e occ u rr e u st gi v e ri s e a nd t o ,

w i t ness t he pep es fu n er a l T he d es ir ew a s no s oo ner ex p r es sed

.

tha n it w a s g ra t i ed O n his a rri v a l a t t he etern a l city t hec u r

.
,

h a s t ened to t he p a p a l p a l a c e forc ed hi s w a y i nt o t he p r es enc e

r eign p onti ff a nd to l d himt he w ho l e p a r t ic u l a r s o f
,

of t h e s ov e ,

t h e p l ot a ga i ns t hi s l i fe a n d t h u s d efea t ed t hed es ig n s o f t heco n

A ft er h a v i ng t h u s o u t w i t t ed him t he c u r w i sh ed t o
,

s p ir a t o r s

ha v e n o fu rth er i nt erco u r s e w i t h S a t a n ; he m
.
,

a d e a v o l u nt a r y

c o n fess io n to t he pop e a nd in r e t u r n fo r t he s i gna l s er v ic e he

h a d p er form ed his ho l i nes s g a v e hima fu ll a b s o l u t io n
,

O n h is
l i ver ed a s a m r o f for m i nt o t he cu s t ody
, .

r et u r n he w a s d e
, at t e
, ,

o f t h e i nqu i s itor s o f L ogro no b u t h ew a s a cq u itt ed a nd r est or e

, d ,

t o h is l ib er t y
T here l i ved a t t h e sa m e ti m e a m
.

a gici a n w ho g a i ned f a r

r e a t er c e l e bri t y th a n t he c u r o f B a rgot a a nd w h o a dopt ed t he

g
sa m e ex t ra ordi na r y m
,

od e o f tra vell i ng T hi s w a s Doctor Eu

a l v a a ph y s ici a n i n t h e f a m o f t he a d m
.

g e n io T orr , i ly ir a l of Ca s

t il e

T orra l va w a s born a t C u en ca b u t a t t hea ge o f ft een he
w a s s ent t o R o m e w h er e h e b ec a m
.
,

, e a tt a ch ed to t hebi sho p o f -

V o l terr a F ra n c es co S ederi ni in t he qu a l i t y o f a p a ge H eno w

s s t hest u d y o f phi l o s oph y a n d m
, , .

p u r s u e d w i t h gr e at e a rne s t n e e d
icine u nd er Don Gipio n a nd t he m a s t ers M a ri a n a A v a ns elo
d t he d egr eeo f doctor in m
, , ,

a nd M a g u er a u nt i l he obta i ne edici n e
Un d er th ese t ea ch er s T orr a l va l ea rn ed t o h a v edo u bts o f t hei m
, .

mo rta l i t y of t he sou l a nd t he di v i nity o f Chri st a nd ma d e grea t

,

p t ici s m A bou t t he y ea r 1 5 01 w h en he w a s
,

a d va n c e s in s k e

a l r ea d y a p r a cti t ion er in m edici ne a t R o m e hefor m

.
,

ed a v ery i nti
ma te a cqu a i nta nc e w i t h oneM a ster Al fonso a ma n w ho ha d rst
,

s h fa i t h fo r M oh a m m a n i s mfro m
,

q u i t t e d t h e J e w i e d w hich h e h ad ,

b een convert ed t o C hri sti a ni t y a n d he ha d th e n na lly a dopt e d

l igio n o r d ei sm T hi s m
,

na t u r a l r e a n s di s co u r s e s ov e rt hr ew t he

l itt l e fa ith th a t s ti ll r em a i ned in T o r r a l va s m i nd a nd he b ec a m

.

a c on rm
,

ed s k ep tic a l t hou gh he a p p ea rs to h a ve co nc ea l ed his

o p i n io ns fro m
,

t hew or l d a n d p erh a p s he su b sequ e nt ly r e no u nc ed

m
,

t he
m y m
.

l
Tor r a v a, nu g r a nd s ho b r e, nig r o a nt e
y ml m
,
M ed ieo, f a i i a r d el a d ir a nt e .

L u r s C a r li n , C AR L O F u r o so , ca nt o n viri .

m m
y
The a u t hor i for t he d et a ils o f t he hist o r o f t is ex t r a or d ina r per son a g is
Llorent e, w ho s t ived his infor a t ion f r o t heor ig i na p a p er s r ea t i ng t o h rs t r i al ,
h
l l
y e
e e ed i t h e hi e f t he i i it i P t f t hq
e t i t l d t he differ y
m
p r s r v n a r c v s o n u s on a r o s o r s o r a. r
u t ly in t he e t r ical hist or of Ca p a t a y .

19
218 S O RC E RY A ND M AGIC .

Am o n g T o r r a l v a s fri end s a t R o m

e w a s a Dom in ica n m onk
c a l l ed B ro t h er P i et ro w ho t o ld himo ne d a y t h a t he ha d in his
,

na m
,

s er vic e a n a ng el o f t h e ord er o f good s piri t s ed Z eq u iel
, ,

w ho w a s s o po w er fu l in t he k no w l ed g e o f t he fu t u r e a nd o f b id
d en t hi ng s t h a t he w a s w i t ho u t his eq u a l i n t he s p i ritu a l w orld
a n d o f s u c h a p ec u l i a r t em p er t h a t w hi l e o t h er s p irits m
,

a d e b ar

g a i ns w i t h t h eir em pl o yers b efore t h ey w o u l d gi ve t hemt heir

,

s er vic e s Ze ie l w a s s o di s i nt e r es t ed t h a t he d es pi s ed a l l co n
, q u

s id e r a t io ns o f t hi s ki nd a nd s er v ed o nly in fri end s hi p t ho s ew ho

p l a c ed t h eir co n d enc e in h ima nd d es er ved his a tta chm
,

ent
T he l ea s t a t t em
.

t a t re s t r a i nt B ro t h er P i e tro s a id w o u l d d ri ve
p
hima w a y fo r ever
, ,

T o r r a l v a s c u rio s i t y w a s exci t ed a nd w h en B roth er P i etro

genero u s ly prep o s ed t o r es ig n t he fa m
,

i l i a r s piri t to h is fri end

It a pp ea r s t h a t t hep er s o n m
,

t he o ff er w a s ea g erly a cc ep t ed o st
co nc er ned in t hi s t r a ns a c t i o n m
.

a d e n o obj ec t io n to t h e ch a nge

of m a st e r s a n d a t t he s u m mo ns o f brot h er P i etro Z eq u iel ma de

hi s a pp ea r a nc e in t he for mo f a fa ir y o u ng m
, ,

,
a n w ith l ight h a ir
, ,

a nd dr es s ed i n a fl es h co l or ed h a bit a nd b l a ck s u r t o u t
-
Head
dres s ed hi m
.

se l f t o T orra l va a nd s a id I w i ll b e y ou rs as l o ng
, ,

a s y o u l i v e a nd w i ll fo ll o w yo u w h e r ev er yo u a r e obl i g ed to go
F ro m t hi s t im
, .

e Z eq u iel a pp ea red t o T orr a l va a t ever y ch a ng e

o f t he m oo n a nd a s o ft en a s t he phy s ici a n w a nt ed his s er vic es
w hich w a s g en er a lly fo r t h e p u rpo s e o f t r a nspo r t i ng h imin a
, ,

s hor t s p a c e o f t i m e t o di s t a nt p l a c es I n t h ese i nt erv i ew s t he

s piri t t o o k s o m et i m es t he s em b l a nc e o f a tra vell er a nd s o m
.
,

e
t im es t h a t o f a h er m
,

i t I n h is i nt ercou r s e w i t h T orr a l va hesa id

n o t h i ng co nt r a ry t o C hri s t i a n i t y b u t a cco m p a ni ed h imt o ch u rch
.
,

ll ed him to ev i l ; fro mw hich circ u m

, ,

a nd n e v er co u ns e s ta n c e s

t h e p hy s i c ia n c o n c l u d ed tha t h is f a m i l i a r w a s a good a ng el H e .

a l w a y s c o nv er s ed i n t he L a t i n or I t a l i a n l a ngu a g e

Ro m e h a d n o w b eco m
.

e t o T orr a l va a s eco nd co u nt ry ; b u t
a bo u t t he y ea r 1 5 02 h e w ent t o S p a i n a nd s u b s e u e n t ly b e t r v
q a
el l ed t hr o u g h m o s t p a r t s o f I t a ly u nt i l he a g a i n x ed hi m
,

se lf at
Ro m
,

e u n d er t h e pro t ec t io n o f hi s o l d p a t ro n t he bi s ho p o f V9 ]
t err a w ho h a d b een m
,

a d e a c a rdi na l o n t h e 3l s t o f M a 1 5 0 3
,
y , .

W i t h t hi s i nt ro d u c t io n he s oo n ob t a i ned t he fa vor o f oth er s of

t he c a r d ina l s a nd ro s e t o h igh r ep u t e fo r h is s ki ll in m edici ne
H a vi n g m et a t t hi s t i m e w i t h so m e book s o n chiro m
, .

a n c y he

b ec a m
,

e a n ea g er s t u d ent i n t h a t a r t in t he k no w l edg e o f w hich

h e s u b s eq u ent ly su r p a s s ed m o st o f his co nt em
,

pora ri es T o r
r a l v a o w ed his m edic a l k n o w l edg e p a rt ly t o his fa m
.

i l i a r w ho
ta u ght himt he s ecr et v irtu es o f m
,

a ny p l a nts w i t h w hic h o t he
, r
 T O RR ALVA A ND Z EQUI EL . 2 19

phys ici a ns w ere not a cq u a i nt ed a nd w h en t he p r a ctitio n er too k

xo r b it a nt fees , Z eq u i el r eb u k ed h i m
t ell i ng hi mt h a t , s i n c e he
m
.

had r ec ei v ed his k no w l ed g e f o r n o t hi n g , h e o u gh t t o i p a r t it
gr a t u ito u s ly A nd w h en o n s ever a l o cc a s i o n s T orr a l va w a s in
m m
.

w a nt o f o ney , he fo u nd a su pp ly in his ch a b er , w h ic h he b e
li eved w a s fu r ni s hed hi m b y t he good s piri t , w ho , ho w ever ,
w o u l d n ever a c k no w l ed g e t h a t h e w a s t h e s ecr et b enefa c t or w ho
ha d r el i eved hi fro m m m
h is e b a rr a s s en t m
m m
.

T orr a l va r et u r n ed t o S p a i n in 1 5 1 0, a nd l i v ed fo r s o e ti e
a t t he co u r t o f F er di na n d t h e c a t ho l ic O n e d a y Z eq u iel , w ho s e
m m
.

i n fo r a t io ns wer e u s u a lly o f a po l i t ic a l ch a ra c t er , t o l d hi tha t

t he ki n g w o u l d s oo n r ec ei ve d n r eea b l e new s T orr a l v a i m
m mm m m
.

edi a t ely co u n i c a t ed t hi s pi ec e o f i nfo r a t io n t o X i enes

d e C i s nero s, a rch b i s hop o f T o l ed o ( w ho w a s s u b s equ ent ly r a i s ed
t o t he dig ni t y o f c a rdi na l , a n d m
a d e i nq u i s i t o r g ener a l o f S p a i n ,
)
a nd t he gr a nd c a pt a i n G o nz a l o F er na nd ez d e C or d o v a T he
m m
.

sa e d a y a co u ri er a rri ved w i t h d es p a t c hes fr o A fric a , co n

t a i n i n g i nt ell ig en c e o f t he i ll s u c c es s o f t he ex pedi t io n a g a i ns t
t h e M oor s , a nd o f t h e d ea t h o f Do n G a rci a d e T o l ed o , s o n o f
t he D u k e o f Al v a , w ho c o mm a nd e d it
m m
.

T orra l va s ee s t o h a v e a d e no s ecret o f h is i n t erco u rs e

w i t h Z eq u iel H e ha d r ec ei v ed his fa i l i a r fr o m am m o nk a n d
m
.
,

t h e S piri t is s a id t o h a v e s ho w n hi s el f t o t he c a rdi n a l o f Vo l
t erra a t t he phy s i c i a n s w i s h t he l a t t er n o w d id no t hes i t a t e to

a cq u a i n t t he a rchbi s ho o f T ol e do a n d t he gr a n d c a t a i n ho w
p p
m
he c a e b y his ea rly i n t ell ig en c e The a r c hbi s h o p ea rn es t l y
m m
.

d es ir ed t o b e p er i t t ed t o h ave t he s a e pri v i l egea s t he I t a l i a n

ca rdi n a l a nd T orr a l v a m
w i sh ed t o gr a t i fy hi , b u t Z eq u i el r e
m m
.

fu s ed , t ho u gh he s o ft ened his r efu s a l b y t ell i ng hi t o i n for t he

'

a r chbi s ho p t h a t he w o u l d o ne d a b e a ki ng , a proph ecy w h ich

y
w a s b el iev ed t o b e f u l ll ed w h en h e w a s m
a d e a b s ol u t e
g o v

er no r o f S p a i n a nd t he I nd ies .

The ph y s ici a n w a s fr equ ent ly fa vor ed w i t h r evel a t io ns o f thi s

k i nd O n o ne occ a s io n, w h en T orra l va w a s a t R o e, Z equ iel m
m
.

t o l d hi t h a t hi s fri end , P i et ro M a r g a no , w o u l d l o s eh i s l i fe if he
w ent o u t o f t he ci t y t h a t d a y H e w a s n o t a b l e t o s ee h i i n m
m m
.

o r d er t o w a rn h i o f h is d a n er , a nd P i e t ro w e n t ou t o f R o e
g
a nd w a s a s s a s s i na t ed Z equ iel t o l d hi m
o n a no t h e r occ a s io n
m
.

th a t t he c a rdi na l o f S i enna w o u l d end his l i fe in a t r a gic a l a n

ne r , w hich w a s ver i ed in 1 5 1 7 , a ft e m
r t h e j u d g ent o f P op e Leo
X , a g a i ns t hi
. m
.
-
m
T orr a l va r e es t a bl i shed hi s el f in R o e in m
1 5 1 3, a nd s oo n a ft er his a rri v a l he ha d a gr ea t d es ire to s ee his
m m
int i a te fri end , T ho as d e B ec ar a , w ho w a s t h en a t V enic e;
2 20 S O RC E RY AND M AGIC .

u pon w hich Z equ iel took himthith er a nd b a c k in so shor t a spa ce

o f t im e t h a t his a b s en c e w a s no t p erc ei ved b y his fr i ends a t
R om e .

I t w a s no t l o ng b efb r e hea ga i n r etu r ned t o S p a i n w h er e a b ou t , ,

t hey ea r 1 5 1 6 t heca r d ina l o f S a nt a C r u z Do n B ern a rdi no d e C ar

b aj a l c o ns u l t ed himo n a s u bj ect o f s o m ei m
, ,

p o r t a nc e A S p a ni sh
l a dy na m ed R o s a l es h a d co m
, .

p l a i ned t o Do n B er na rdino t h a t her

n ight s w er e di s t u rb ed b y a p ha nt o mw hich a pp e a r ed i n t he f or m

of a m u rd ere d m an T he c a rdi na l ha d s ent his ph y s ic i a n Dr

.
, .

M ora l es w ho w at ch ed a t n igh t w ith t he l a d y b u t sa w no a pp a

r it io n a l t ho u gh s heg a ve hi m
, ,

,
n o t ic eo f it s a p p e a r a n c e a n d poi nt ,

ed o u t t he p l a c e w h er e it st o o . Do n B erna rdi no hop ed t o k no w

more o f t he ma t ter by t he mea ns o f T orra l va a nd he req u ested
h imto go w i t h t he ph y s ici a n M or a l es to p a s s t he n i gh t in t he
,

l a dy s ho u s e T h ey w ent t og et h er a nd a n hou r a f t er m

id night
th ey h ea rd t he l a dy s cry o f a l a r m a nd w ent i nto h er ro o m
.

, ,

w h er e a s b efo r e M or a l es s a w n o t hi n g
, , B u t T orra l va w ho w a s .
,

b etter a cq u a i nt ed w i t h t he spiri t u a l w orl d p erc ei ved a gu re r e

s em bl i ng a d ea d m
,

a n be hi nd w hich a pp ea red a not h er a pp a r ition

i n t he fo r mo f a w o m H e a s k ed w ith a r mv oic e W ha t
,

an .
,

do st t ho u s eek h ere t o w h ich t he a p p a ritio n rep l i ed A trea s

u r e a nd i m med ia t ely di s a p pea red T orr a l va consu l t ed Z equ iel
,

o n t hi s su b j ec t a n d w a s i nfor m
.
,

ed t h a t therew a s b u ri ed u nd er t he
ho u s e a corp s e o f a m
,

a n w ho h a d b e en sta bb ed to d ea t h w ith a
p oig na rd
T orr a l va w a s s oo n a t R o m e a g a i n a nd a m ong his m
.

o r e i nti
ma te fri end s t here w a s Do n Di ego d e Z u ig a a rel a t i v e o f t he
,

, ,

d u k e o f B ej a r a nd bro t h er t o Do n A ntonio gra n d p ri o r o f t he

, ,

ord er o f S t Joh n in C a st i l e I n 1 5 1 9 t he t w o fri end s r etu rned

.
,
.
,

to S pa i n t og et h er O n th eir w a y a t Ba r celo net t a nea r T u ri n

.
, ,

w hi l e t h ey w er e w a l ki ng a nd co nv ers i n g w ith t he s ecr et a r y A z e

v ed o (w ho h a d b e en a dj u t a nt g ener a l o f t he S p a ni s h a r m -
i es in
I t a ly a n d S a vo y ) A z ev edo a nd Z u ii ig a tho u g ht th ey s a w s o m e
thi ng ind e na b l e p a s s by T o r r a l va s s id e H etol d th emit w as
,

h is a ng el Z eq u iel w ho ha d a ppro a ch ed h imt o w hi sp er in his

.

Zu m
,

ea r a ha d a gr e a t d es ir e to s e e Z e i e l b u t T o rr a l v a
g q u

co u l d no t prev a i l w i t h t h e l a t t er to sho w hi m
,
.

se l f At B a rc el ona .
,

T orra l va s a w i n t he ho u s e o f t he c a no n J u a n G a rci a a b oo k of
chiro m a nc y a n d in t he m
, ,

a rgi n o f o ne o f t he l e a ve s w a s w ritt e n
a m m
,

a gic a l proc e ss to e na b l e a p er s o n to i n n e y at l
g a o p ya
Z u nig a w ho a p p ea rs to h a v e b een a m x a l ted m
.

a n o f no ve ry e o
m m m

r a lit w i h ed t o k e hi el f t er f th i t n d T orr l v a
y s a a s o s a r a a

m
s

cop i ed t hech a ra cters and to l d his fri end th a t he m

, ,

, u st w r it et he
 TORRA LVA S VOYA GE T O
R OME . 221

w it h his ow n ha n d on p a p er , u s i n g fo r ink t he b l ood o f a b a t , a nd

m m
tha t t he w ri t i ng u st b e p erfor ed o n a W ed nesd a y , b ec a u s etha t
da y w a s d edic a ted to M erc u ry T hi s ch a r he w as to w ea r o n
. m
hi s p er s o n w hen a t pl a y
m
.

I n 1 5 2 0, T orra l va w ent a ga i n to R o e B ei ng a t V a ll a do l id ,
m m
.
(

he to l d Di ego d e Z u ig a o f his i nt ent io n s , i nfor i ng hi t h a t he

m
ha d t he ea ns of tr a vell i ng t h er e w i t h ex t r a ordi na ry ra pidi t y ,
m
t ha t he h a d b u t t o p l a c e hi s el f a strid e o n a s t ic k , a n d he w a s
ca r ri ed thro u g h t he a i r , g u id ed b y a c l o u d o f r e O n his a rri
m
.

va l a t R o e, he s a w t h e c a rdin a l o f Vo l t err a a nd t he gr a nd prior

of t he ord er o f S t Joh n, w ho w er e v ery e a r nes t w ith hi t ha t m
m m
.

he s ho u l d gi ve th e h is f a i l i a r spirit T orr a l va entr ea t ed Z e

m
.

qu i el to co p ly w ith th eir w i sh , b u t in va i n I n 1 52 5 , Z eq u iel

mm m m
.

re co en d ed hi to r et u r n to S p a i n , a s s u ri ng hi th a t h ew ou l d
ob ta i n t he p l a c eo f p h y s ici a n t o t he i nfa nt a E l ea nor a , q u een d o w
a g er o f P ort u g a l , a nd su b s equ e nt l y co ns ort t o F r a ncoi s I , o f

m
.

F ra n c e T orra lva ob ey ed t he s u gges tio n o f his o ni t or , a nd o b

m m
.

t a ined t he p ro i s ed a p p oi nt ent .

It w a s a ft er his ret u r n to S p a i n, a nd b efor e he obt a i ned thi s

a ppo i nt m m
en t , th a t a circ u s t a nc e occ u rr ed w hich a dd ed gr ea tly
t o T o r r a l v a s c el ebrity

O n t he eveni ng o f t he ft h o f M a y, o f
m
.

t he y ea r l a s t ent io ned t h e ph y s ici a n r ec ei ved a v i s it

fr om m
Z eq u iel , w ho t o l d h i t h a t R o e w o u l d b e t a k en n ex t d a y m
m
b y t h e troo p s o f t he e p eror , a n d T orr a l va d es ir ed to b e t a k en

m
t o R o e t o s ee thi s i por t a n t ev e m nt T h ey l eft V a ll a do l i d to .

h y
O s t a p s, w ho g ives a n a cco u nt of t is v o a g e a ccor d ing t o t h ep o p u a r t r a d it io n , l
m ak e l
s To r r a va l m l
ea vet he a d ir a s t o w n o f M edina de R ioseco i ns t ea d o f V a a
'
ll
do l id y l
H e s a s t ha t T or r a va w as sit t ing p ens ive a nd sa d in his c a b er co nt e h m m
m
.

p la t ing t he sk y, w he n Z eq u iel a pp ea r ed t o h i , w ho is d escr i b ed t hu s

ml
Z a q u eil u d fa i ia r q u en la g u r a ,

Deu n vi ej o s a no a nt el s e a p a r escia

.

Co n u n b o r d o n, y
en cu er p o en v est id u r a
l h
B a nca q u e a s t a cl s u eo lecu b r ia l
l
Y co n l a b a r b s b a nca a l a c int u r a ,
m
Co o a s si t a n p enso so es t a r lev ia ,
E n l a cer r a d a p icg a en est e ins t a nt s
Bea p ar escio To r r a va nig r o a nt e l
m
m
.

C A R LO F a o so , ca nt . xxx .

Z m
iel a sk ed hi w hy h ew a s p ensive, t o w ich he r ep ied t a t hew a s p u z z ed h l h l
ml m m
m
w it h t est a r s
m
T he fa i ia r t h en i nfo r ed hi t ha t t heco ns t a b eof B ou r b on w a s
.

l
ha r eRo e, w hich w o u d b et a k en n ext d a y .
l
y l
H a vr a sa ng r e cr u ed a d en a b u nd a ncia ,
h m
Deq u eyo es per o a v er u y g r a nd g a na u cr a .
"

m
Ca at a i a ned t ha t t hefa i i a r
'

ml mh
ig t b e a d e o n, a nd t ha t hew ou ld m na t u r a l
l
ly d eight in ehor r or s w hich a t t end ed t he s a ck of Ho e m .

'
19
229 so a cs a r A ND M AGIC .

her e n o cl o c k a t ni gh t , o n foo t , a s if t o t a e a w alk ;

k
'

e t at e l ve
g
b u t a t a shor t d i s t a nc e fr o m
t he t o w n Z e q u i el g a v e h i s c o p a n m
io n a s t i c k fu ll o f k no t s a n d s a id , S h u t y o u r e y es , a nd f e ar
m
.

n o t hi ng ; t a k e t h is in y o u r h a nd a nd no h a r w i ll h a ppe n t o
m
.

f t er a l i t t l e t i e at Ze ie l b iddi T l pe ed
'

A
"

q u s n g o r r a v a o n
y ou

m
.
, ,

h is ey es a nd he fo u nd hi s el f s o nea r the s ea t h a t hec o u l d h a ve

.

t o u c h ed t he w a t er w i t h his h a nd ; a nd the b l a ck c l o u d w h ic h ha d
previ o u s l y env el op ed h i g a v e pl a ce i m mm
edi a t el y t o s o b r i ght a
l i g h t t h a t he w a s a fra id o f b ei ng b nr nt Z eq u iel s a w h is a l a r , m
m m m
.
.

a n d r eb u k ed h i fo r i t in a fa i l i a r phr a s e, No t e a s , b es t ia
f em !

( fe a r n o t hi n g s t u pid fell o w) Torr a l va t he n s h u t his

m
. .

eyes a g a i n a nd a ft er a w hi l e fel t hi se l f o n the so l id g r o u n d , a nd

m m
.

hea rd hi s c o p a ni o n b i d hi op en his ey es a nd s ee if he k ne w
m
,

w h er e he w a s H e r eco g ni s ed the city o f R o e spr ea d o u t b e

m
.

fo re hi a nd k n ew t h a t he w a s s t a nd i n g o n the to w e r o f No na
, .

T he c l o c k o f th e c a s t l e o f S t A n g el o w a s j u st stri k i ng t he hou r
m
.

of id ni g h t s o t h a t t h ey ha d b een ex a c t l y o ne hou r o n their jou r

.

ney . T he cit y w a s shro u d ed in n i g ht , a n d t he y w a it ed ti ll d a y

br ea k w h en t l ey p a ss ed t hro u g h t he di ff ere n t p a r ts o f the city,
. .

a nd w it ne s s ed t he eve n t s o f t h a t t errib l e d a y , t he a tt a c k o f t he

b es i eg er s t he d ea t h o f t he c o ns t a b l e o f B o u rb o n, the i g ht o f
.

t he p o pe int o t he c a s t l e o f S t A n g el o , t he terror a nd s l a u hter

.
g
o f t he c i t i z ens t he p o ll u t i o n o f t h e ch u rch es , a nd the w i l d riot

m
.

o f t he c o n q u e ro rs I t t o o k t h e a n ho u r a nd a h a l f t o re t u r n t o
.

V a ll a d o li d a nd w h en Z eq u iel l eft t he doc t or there , he s a id t o

m mm
.

hi , I n fu t u r e y o u w i l l b el i ev e a l l I t ell y o u T o r r a lva i e
m
.

d ia t el y a d e u b l i c a ll h e h a d s e e n d u ri ng t his ex t r a ordi na r y ex
p
c u r s io n a nd w h en in d u e c o u rs e o f t i m
e new s a rri v ed o f the c a p
m
.

t u r e a nd s a ck o f R o e, t he c o u rt o f Sp a i n w a s ll ed w i t h a s ton
i s lnn c nt
m m m
.

T o r r a l v a s fa e a s a a g i c i a n w a s n o w in e v er bod y s o th

y u
m m
,

a n d it s ee s t ha t en o f hi g h r a nk in bo t h c hu r c h a nd s t a te ,
m
.

ha d b een c o g ni z a nt o f i f n o t a c c o p l i c es i n, his pr a ctic es o f fo r

m
.

hid d en a rt s I t w a s a t l en g t h b y o ne o f his i nt i a te frie nds t h a t

.

he w a s d eno u nc ed t o t he i nqu i s i t o rs , w ho w o u l d perh a ps h a ve

t a k en no n o t i c e o f h i m
h a d t hey no t be en u r g ed t o t he p u rs u it
m
.

D i eg o d e Z u ni g a , t he s a e w ho ha d be en so l o n g a co n d a nt in
m
his i nter co u r s e w i t h t he fa i l i a r a nd w ho ha d e v e n be n e te d b y
m m
,

hi s a rt s t o pr o fi t a t t he g a b l i n g t a b l e ha d s u dd e n ly beco e fa -
,

n a t ic a l a nd s u p er s t i t io u
s N o t s a t i s ed w i t h rep ent a n ce f o r his
.

o w n s i ns , Z n c d T o r r a l va t o t he i nq u isitio n o f C u e n
'

on a nd w h it ed th a t c ity a t the be g i nni ng o f t he

mm
.

a nd t hro w n i nt o priso n He i e .
 T O RR A LVA B E F O RE T H E INQUI SITI ON . 223

di a t el y confessed a ll his de a l i n g s w ith Z equ iel w ho he per m

m
,

s i s t ed in re g a rdi ng a s a g ood a ng e l , a nd a de n o l e s s t ha n se v e n

w r i tt en d ec l a r a tio ns , t he s a m
e i n e ffect b u t co ntr a dicti n g ea ch
othe r in so m e o f the p a rti cu l a rs A s th es e s ee mto h a v e bee n
,

t ho u g ht no t t o be e ntire ly s a tis fa ctory T orr a l v a w a s p u t t o the

t o r tu re t he res u l t o f w hich w a s th a t he d ecl a red hi m
,

s el f c o n

a s a de m m
,

v i n c ed t h a t Z e q u i el w o n H e sa id t h a t hi s f a i l i a r ha d
w a r n ed h imth a t a d a ng er h u n g o v er h i mi f h e w e n t to C u e n a
.

c
a t th a t ti m e b u t th a t he ha d disre g a rded the a d m
, o nitio n .

The i nqu i sito rs no w c h a n g ed th eir se veri t y t o i nd u l g e nce a nd ,

o n t h e6 t h o f M a rch 1 5 2 9 th ey s u s p end e d T o r r a l va s proce s s fo r

, ,

a y ea r Bu t be fore the expir a tio n o f th a t perio d a new a c cu s er

s e nted hi m a nd deposed to his dis u te s a t R o m
.
,

p re se l f p e i n his
y ou ng er d a y s o n the i mm
, ,

ort a l ity o f the s o u l a n d t he di vi nity o f

Je s u s Christ This pl a ced t heq u e s ti o n in a new l i gh t a nd T o r
r a l v a u nder w e nt ex a m
.
,

i na tio n a g a i n o n the 2 9t h o f J a nu a ry 1 5 30
w h en he m
, ,

a de a new de c l a r a tio n o n the s u bj ect o f h is e a r ly c d

u ca t io n a nd O pi n io n s The c a s e no w a s s u m ed a sti ll m o re se

ri o n s ch a r a cter a nd the i nq u i s i t ors o f C u en ca h a v i ng co m mu n i

.

d w i t h the s u pre m
,

ca t e e c o u nci l o f t he i nqu i s itio n in S pa i n r e

ceiv ed direc t io ns t o a ppoi nt so m
,

e pio u s a nd l e a r ned p er s o ns t o
l a b o r fo r the co nversio n o f the a cc u s e d a nd t o pers u a de himto
re n ou n ce si ncere ly a nd a bso l u te ly the s c ie n ce o f chiro m
,

a nc y

his i nterco u rse w ith Z equ iel a nd a l l tr ea ti es he m

, , , ,

,
i g ht h a v e en
t er ed i nto w ith the e v i l o n e fo r the u nb u rd eni n g o f his co n
,

s c ie nce a n d t he s a l va tio n o f his s o u l The i nq u i s it o r s i ntr u s te d

.

th is t a sk to B rother A u g u sti ne B a rr a g a n pri o r o f the c o nv e nt

of D o m
,

i nic a ns a t C u e nca a nd D ie g o M a nr iqu es a c a no n o f the

c a the dr a l a nd these m en l a bor ed w ith so m
, ,

,
u c h z e a l a nd e ff ect ,

th a t Torra l v a a g reed t o do e v ery thi n g the y w i she d ex c ept th a t

he w o u l d no t u n dert a ke to see Z equ i el no m
,

ore Fo r it a ppe a rs
t h a t the f a m i l i a r re m a i n ed so fa r fa ith fu l to his ori g i na l pro m
.

ise ,

t h a t he co n ti nu ed t o v isit T orr a l v a in t he pr is o n o f the i n q u isi

ti o n a nd the doctor represe n ted to his co n v erters th a t he w a s
o b l i g ed t o see h i mw hether he w o u l d or n o t
,

The i nq u isitors
t hem
.

se l ves w ere so cred u l o u s th a t the y r equ ested their pri s o n er

,

t o i nq u ir e o f Z eq u iel w h a t w a s his opi nio n o f t he doc t ri n es o f

L u ther a nd E r a s m u s ; a n d the y w ere g r a ti ed be y o n d m
,

e a su r e
w h e n the y l e a r n ed th a t he co nde m n ed th e t w o re for m er s W i t h
t h i s di ff ere nce o nl y th a t he c o n sidered L u th er t o be a b a d m
,

an ,

w hi l e he represe nted E r a s m
,

u s a s his s u p erior i n c u nni n g a nd

c le v er n ess P erh a ps this p iece o f i nf or m a t io n bro u g ht T o r r a l va

a l i t t l e i nt o fa vor a nd his tre a t m

.

,
e nt w a s no t so ri g orou s a s th a t
224 s o a ca a v AND MA GIC .

m
experi en ced b y a ny a t the h a nds o f t he s a e pr osecu t o r s ou m
m m
.

the 6t h o f M a rch , 1 5 31 , he w a s conde n ed to a k et he g enera l

ordi n a ry a bj u r a tio n o f her esies , to u nderg o t he pu n i s h ent of m
m m
i pri s o n e nt a nd the s a n b onit o a s l o ng a s it i g h t p l ea s e t he m
i nqu i s i t or g e n er a l , to u nd ert a ke to h a v e no fu rther co
-
u n ic a tio n mm
w ith the spiri t Z eq u iel , a nd n e v er t o l e n d a n ea r t o a ny o f his
ropos a ls
p .

A l tho u g h Torr a l v a ha d been betra y ed b y onefrie nd h e had

o thers w ho re m a i n ed fa i t h fu l to h im B e fore his ce l ebr a ted j ou r
,

o R om
.

ne y t e in 1 5 2 5 he h a d bee n a ppoi nted t o the o f c e o f

ph y sici a n t o the fa m i ly o f the a d m

, ,

ir a l o f C a sti l e Do n F r ederico
E nriqu e z w hich he sti ll h el d a t the ti m
,

e o f his a rrest T he a d
mir a l ha d a l w a ys pro v ed hi ms el f a w a rmfrie nd a nd a st a nch
.
,

p rote ctor ; he did no t de s ert himin his tri a l s a nd it w a s no dou bt ,

t o his i n u e nti a l i nter f ere n ce t h a t Torr a l v a o w ed w h a t i n d u l g e nc e

w a s sho w n t o himd u ri ng his i m priso nm e n t W e h a v e e very .

r e a so n to be l ie v e tha t it w a s t hro u g h h is protectio n a l so th a t s o on

a fter the proc es s w a s e n d ed the i nqu isitor e ne r al a v e Torr a lva
g g
-

his p a rdo n a nd set h ima t l iberty in cons equ ence a s it w a s pre

,

The a d m
, , ,

t e n de d o f h is si nc ere r ep ent a nce ira l r ec ei v ed t he

ma gici a n a g a in a s his phy s ici a n a nd conti nu ed his fa vo r and
, .

t e ctio n to hi m
,

p ro
S u ch is the history t a k e n e ntire ly fro mhis o w n de cl a ra t ions
.

a nd co n fe s s i o n s o f a m a ici a n w hose fa m mm
,

, g e h a s bee n i ort a l
iz ed in Do n Q u ixo t t e .

C HA P T E R X I X .

T R I AL OF THE EA R L A ND C O U NT E S S OF S O M ER S E T .

TH E story o f D octor T orr a l va ha s dr a w n u s a l ittl e fr o mt he

chro no l o g ic a l order o f o u r ch a pters The w ho l es a l e p er secu
.

tion o f the w itches o f L a bo u rd in the F re nch B a sq u e terri t ory

a nd t h e tri a l o f those o f Z u g a rr a m
,

u rdi o n the Sp a n ish s id e o f ,

the fro ntier g i v e u s a fa ir pict u re o f the pre va l e n ce a nd int en

o f the be l ie f i n sorcer y a m
,

s it o ng a ll the n a tio n s o f Eu r op e
y
d u ri ng the e a rl ier y e a rs o f the se ve ntee nth ce ntu ry W e ca n
n o t be su rprised if u n der these circ u m
.

sta nces the ch a rg e w a s

o fte n m a de a w e a po n o f rese nt m
, ,

e nt a nd re v e ng e no t o nly in t he
l o w est b u t so m eti m
,

, es e ve n in the hi g hest c l a ss o f so c i ety a nd ,

 TH E CO UNTESS O F E SSE X . 225

if ev en peop l e o f r a nk a n d ed u c a tio n w ere cred u l o u s e no u gh t o

ha v e r eco u rse to the a s s ist a n c e o f t he sorcerer a nd w itch We
m
.

w i ll p r o c eed to t a ke a f ew ex a p l es o f e a ch o f these c a ses , a nd

ou r o w n co u nt r y a t this period f u r n ishes u s w ith o n e o f the o st m
ex t r a o r d i na ry , a nd a t the s a e ti e m mm
y sterio u s , tr a g edies th a t
ar e t o b e fo u n d in ou r l a nna s

No period o f E ngl ish hi story o ff ers u s so m

.

u c h th a t is d a rk

a nd rep u gna nt a s the rei g n o f J a m es I T he pri v a te history o f

tha t m o na rc h s co u rt is ve r y i m
.

per fectly k n o w n a nd the few
revel a tio n s th a t h a ve bee n m
,

a de a r e ca l c u l a ted to co n v i nce u s

t ha t in this c a se

i gnor a nc e is b l iss
P erh a ps o f a ll the m y s

t er io u s a ff a irs o f t his rei g n n o n e prese nt m

.

ore d ii cu lt ies th a n
t h e h is t or y o f J a m
,

es s rst g re a t fa vori t e R obert C a rr

Th is m a n w a s o f a respect a b l e S cotti sh fa m
.
,

i ly b u t he ha d r e
i ved a m e a n ed u c a tio n a nd the m erits w hich g a i ned h imthe
,

ce
com
,

r o y a l f a vor w ere a e ly perso n a g e a nd a ta ste in dress
The k i ng s fo ndn ess fo r hi mw a s sho w n O pe nly in a n u n dig ni ed
.
,

ma nner ; fo r t o u s e the w ords o f a nob l e ma n w ho w a s in co n

st a nt a tte nd a nce a t K i n g J a m e s s co u rt the m
,

o na rch w ou l d
l ea n o n his a r m pi n ch his cheek s m o o th his r u f ed g a r m
,

, ,
e nt ,

a nd w he n directi ng disco u rse to other s n e v erthe l e s s g a z e o n

hi m
, ,

S u c h w a s o ne o f t he pri n c ipa l heroes o f the tr a g ed y no w
t o be re l a ted b u t t he perso n w ho a ppe a rs m
.

,
ost a c t i ve in it w a s
a la d y

Th e l a d y F r a nces H o w a r d d a u ghter o f T ho m
.

a s e a rl o f Su f

fo l k a nd g re a t n iece o f H e nry H o w a rd e a r l o f No rth a m

, ,

pto n
a n d l ord hi g h t r ea s u rer o f E ng l a nd ha d bee n m
, ,

a rr ied i n 1 6 06
,

t o R o b ert e a rl o f E ssex w ho w a s in a ft er l i fe d i s ti n g u i s hed a s -

t he p a r l i a m e nta ry l e a der It w a s a m a rri a e o f fa m

, ,

g i ly po l ic y
a n d a t the ti m
.
,

e it took p l a ce t he bri d e w a s thirtee n y e a r s o f a g e

a n d the bride g roo mo nly fo u rte e
,

n The l a d y g re w u p t o b e o ne
o f t he m ost dissol u te o f the l a di es o f J a me s s c o u rt w hi ch w a s
.

n o t re m a rk a b l e fo r its mo r a li t y a nd a ccordi ng to the c o u rt

s ca n d a l o f the d a y she h a d i nt ri g u ed w ith P ri nce H e nr y a nd

b ee n c a st o ff b y him o n a c c o u nt o f her n otorio u s in d el

, ,

ha d
ity A t l e ngth the co u ntess o f E s sex bec a m e p a s s i o n a tely en '

am
.

o u r ed o f t he ki ng s fa vorite w h o w a s r a is ed t o the peer a g e in

,

t he spri ng o f 1 6 1 1 u nd er the ti t l e o f V i s c o u nt R o c hester

I t a ppe a rs th a t there w ere a t the s a me ti me t w o sep a r a te ia
.
,

t r i gu es i n pro g ress to bri ng to g ether L ord R o c he s t er a n d the

c ou ntess o f E ssex o neha d its fo u nd a t i o n i n i nterest a l o n e a nd

t he ot he r w a s the o ff spri ng o f a m
,

bitio n a nd l o v e
The ol d co u r ti ers w er e a l a rm
.

ed a t t he p o w er of t he y ou ng
226 S O RCE R Y A ND M AGIC !

f a vorite , a nd w ere a n xio u s to sec u re the s e l ves b y ob t a i ning m

m
his fa vor , a nd n o ne ore so th a n the a g ed t re a s u r er H e nr y,
m
e a rl o f North a pto n A t t he ti e w he n t he co
. m
o ns o f En
g mm
l a nd w ere pr ep a ri ng to a s s ert t heir d i g nity a nd r igh t s , a g re at
m
p a rt o f the nobi l ity s ee to h a ve s u nk i nto a de gre e o f b a s e n e s s
m
w hi c h it is n o t e a s y to i a g i n e , a nd t here a ppe a rs b u t t o o u ch m
r e a s o n fo r b el ie v i n g th a t the e a r l o f North a pto n did n o t shri nk m
f rom u sin
g the pr o s t itu tio n o f his ki n s w o a n to sec u re h is i n u m
e nce a t co u rt It w a s prob a b ly in th a t a ncie nt a nd s a d l ooki ng -

m mm m
.

a nsio n w hi c h sti ll l ook s o v er t he c o e nce e nt o f t he S tra nd,

a nd w a s t he n the e a r l s r es i d en ce , a n d k n o w n a s North a

p t on m
( n o w North u b e r l m
a nd
) ho u s e, th a t the p l ot w a s a na e d w hic h
g m
m
e v e ntu a lly l ed t o the i ll fa t ed a rri a g e o f w hich I a g oi ng to tell
-
m
t h e co n s eq u e n ces T he pl o t t ers a r es a id t o h a v e e pl o y ed in this m
m
.

i ntri g u e a fo ll o w er o f t he n ew fa vorite , na ed C o p i ng er , a t
w ho s e ho u se the m
ee t i ng s bet w ee n L ord R ochester a nd L a dy
E s s ex so m eti m es took p l a c e .

The l a d y ho w e v er w a s t o o a rde nt in her pa ssio n t o w a it t he

, ,

e ff ect o f t h is i ntri g u e o r perh a ps sh e w a s no t fu lly a cqu a i nted

She m
,

w i t h the de s i g ns o f her re l a ti v es a de her co n d a nt e o f

.

M r s A nne T u r ner the w ido w o f a ph y sici a n o f respecta bi l i t y a

w om a n n o t d e c i en t i n be a u t y a n d w ho w a s a t this ti m
.
, ,

e t he
mistres s o f S ir A rth u r M a i nw a ri ng a n a tt e nd a nt o n t he pri nc e
,

W ith thi s w ort h y co mpa n io n in her e v il d oi ngs the co u ntes s r e

, .

p a ir ed t o D r Si m on F ore m a n the m
,

a ici a n w ho a s ha s bee n
g
d w a s l i v i ng a t L a m b et h a nd w ith w ho mM r s T u rn er a p
.
, , ,

s ta t e , . .

pe a rs t o h a v e bee n a l re a dy a cqu a i nt ed It w a s soon a g re ed b e

t w ee n t h emth a t F or ema n sho u l d b y his m
.

a ic be w itch the L ord

g
R och es ter a nd s o t u rn his a ff ec t io ns th a t the y shou l d be ir r evo
ea b ly xed o n L a d y E s s ex a nd he w a s in t he s a m
,

, e w a y t o ia
u en c e Sir A r t h u r M a i n w a r ing t o w a rd M r s T u r n er T he
i nt ercou rse bet w ee n t he l a di es a nd the co nj u rer bec a m
. .

e no w
freq u ent a n d he u s ed a l l hi s s ki ll i n ch a r m s a nd i m a es t o e ff ec t
g
their d esire A t a s u bs eq u e nt p eriod F ore m
,

a n s w i fe depo s ed

t h a t M r s T u r n er a n d her h u sb a n d w o u l d so m eti m
.

i n co u rt . es
be l o ck ed u pp in his s t u d ye fo r three o r fou r ho w res t o g ether
a nd the co u nt es s bec a m e so i nti ma te th a t she spok e o f F o re m an

a s her s w eet f a ther .

The re s u l t o f a ll these intri g ues w a s th a t L ord R oche st er b e

c a me v io l e nt ly e n a mo u r ed o f the cou ntess a nd t he y for m ed a n
i nt i ma c y w hich soo n a s su m ed a cri m
,

ina l ch a r a cter T hei r

sto l e n meeti ng s w ere h e l d a t M r s T u r n er s ho u se in P a t er no s
.

ter r ot a t C op ing er s a nd e l se w here a nd be ca m ea m

.

att er of
-
.

, ,
 F O RE M A N TH E CO NJ URE R . 227

pu b l i c sc a n da l the m Bu t i n
e a n w hi l e a new obsta c l e ha d risen
i n t h e w a y o f their c ri m i na l e njoy me nts T hey o u n g e a rl o f Es
.

x w ho h a d bee n sep a r a ted fro m i mm

.

se his w i fe edi a t ely a ft er their

pre m a t u re m d fro mthe w a rs a bro a d to c l a i mhis
,

a rri a g e re t u r n e

ri g h t s a t ho m
,

e The L a d y E s s ex ha d sc a rce ly k no w n her hu s

b a nd she co u l d h a v e no l o ve to w a rd h im a nd s h e w a s u n w il
.

l i ng t o re l i nq u ish her a tt a ch me nts a nd co u rtly t a st es to l i v e in

, ,

pri va te w ith a nob l e m a n w ho n e v er s eem s t o h a v e b ee n m u ch

of a co u rtier It r eq u ir ed the e a r nes t expo s t u l a t io n s o f her

.
\

fa ther t o b r ing the y o u ng co u p l e to g ether a nd w he n the ea r l o f

E s sex dis t u rbed a t the reports w hi ch soo n re a ched himo f her
,

rec e nt m
,

ode o f l i fe took h er t o hi s ho u s e a t Ch a rtl ey her c o l d

, ,

ness to w a rd her l ord w a s tu r n ed i nto i nte n se h a tred

M r s T u rner w a s a g a i n se nt to F or em
.

. a n w ho u n dertook to ,

bew itch the e a r l o f E s s ex in the co n tr a ry s e n s e t o t h a t in w hich

he ha d e nch a nted the V isco u n t R och es t er New i m a e s w ere
g
ma d e new ch a rms i nve nted a nd the doctor fu rn ished po w ders
.

t o be a d m
, ,

i nist ere d a nd w a shes to b a t he his l i ne n w hi ch w ere

, ,

t o re n der the e a rl o f E ssex i n c a p a b l e o f l o vi n g h i s l a d y Th e

l a tter ha d bee n co nv i nced th a t F ore ma n s ch a r m
.

s ha d proc u r ed

her the a ff e c t io n o f her l o v er a n d she w a s no w dis a ppo int ed a t

n din g the mi n e ff ectu a l a g a i ns t her h u s b a nd
,

L ett ers a ddr es s e d

b y her a t this t i m e t o M r s T u r ner a nd D r F ore ma n w ere p r o
.

du c ed a t a l a ter period in w hich she c o m pl a i n ed th a t m

. .

y l ord
i s v ery w e ll a s e v er he w a s a n d e xp ressed her a versio n t o h im
,

a nd her w ish t o be rid o f h i m

,

I n t he m idst o f these d a rk tra ns a ctio n s a n ew c irc u m

.

st a nc e
h a ppe n ed w hich thre a te ned to i m p ede their i n tri g u e s T his
w a s the s u dde n de a th o f their g r a n d a g e nt D o c t or F ore m
.

-
an

w ho t o u s e the w ords o f a m
, ,

a n u s c ript r eport o f the s u b s equ en t

tri a l a l ittl e be fore his de a th d es ired he m
,

,
i ght be b u r yed v er y
de c p c in the grou nd o r e l se s a ith h ee I s h a ll fea re yo u a ll

F o re m a n hi m
, , , .

se l f a ppe a rs t o h a v e bee n a pprehe ns i v e o f the co n

l
Li ly r ec eived fr o m m
F o r e a n s w id ow t he fo low in g sing u a r a ccou nt o f h is

l l
su d d en d ea t h h
The S u nd a y nig t b efo r e h e d ied , his w i fe a nd he b eing a t s u p
m
:

h
r i n t eir g a r d e h
n o u se pl h el mh
b e i n e n t t o d h i t a t sh eh a d b een nfo r e d i
h:
s g a sa
h h m
-
, , ,

l
e co u d r eso ve w et erl h l a n o r w ife s o u d d i e r s t : W et er sh a I
u ot h h h ll q
m
.

s he b u r yy o u o r no l '
T O h

ll
r u n c o

fo r s o h e c a e d h e r

t o u s a
t b u r
y e , h h l
l m h p
, , , ,

b u t t ho u w i t re e n t ii l

Y es , b u t ho w o ng fi r s t l I s a d i e, s a d a ,
'
h ll i h
m
u c
m
.

ee T h d i h t

M d ll T e l l w s w e u es d a
y c a e h e n o
t s ck i
imp i
r u r s a y n g o n a y c a a a
m
. . .
.
,

l ll h h h
W ed nesd a ca e, a nd st i l he w a s w e ; w i t w ic hi s er t n ent W fe d i d i
mh t w it i m h Th
in his t eet m u r sd a y c a e, a nd d inn er w a s end ed , hev er y w e : ll
m i
u c
p
.

h e w ent d o w n t o t he w a t er s id e, a n d t oo k a a ir o f c a r s t o g o t o so e b u ld i ng s he
l
w a s i n ha nd w it h in Pu d d ed o ck mi l B eing in t he d d e o f t he T ha es , he r es m p
mp m
.

m
-
.

l o st , a nd so d i e
o

ent ly fell d o w n o n y sa y ing , A n i pos t , a n i d A ost sa d

mm
.
.

d on s qf w i nd i ed ia t e l y f ol l ow i ng
"
.
22 8 S O RCER Y AND M AGIC .

enc es o f h is de a l i ng s in t his a d a ir , fo r L il ly , w ho w as a c
'

seq u

q u a i n t ed w ith h i s w id o w , te ll s u s t ha t h e p r o fe s sed t o her

m
there w ou l d be u ch tro u b l e a b o u t C a rr a nd t he co u nt ess of
m
E ssex , w ho frequ e n tly re s orted u nto hi , a nd fr o w ho se co m m
m m m
p a ny he w o u l d so e t i es lock hi se lf in h is s t u d y a w hol e
da y

m m
M r s F o re a n , w he n a fter w a rd e x a i ned in co u r t , de
m mm
. .

posed , th a t M r s T u rn er c a e to her ho u s e i ed ia t el ye a ft er
m
.

her h u sb a nd s d e a th , a nd did d e a u nd ce r ta i n e p ictu r es , w hi ch

w ere in her h u s b a nd s s t u d ye, n a

m e ly , o ne pictu r e i n w a xe, v ery
su m pt u o u s ly a p p a r r ell ed in si l ke a nd s a t t in, a s a l s o e a n othe r sit
m m
ti ng ia for e o f a na ked w o a n spr ea di ng a nd l a yin g e fo r t he
m
,

her h a ire in a g l a s se , w hich M r s T u r n er did co n d ent l y ea r e

m
.

to be in a boxe , a nd th a t she k new e in w h a t p a rt o f t h e r o o s

i n t he s t u d ye th ey w ere .

m
F ore a n is reported to ha v e s a i d , i n
rep ly to the expostu l a t ions O f the cou ntess , th a t t he d ev i l , a s he
ha d l e a r n ed , ha d n o po w er o ver the perso n o f the e a r l o f E ssex ;
y et she persisted in her desi g ns , a nd a fter F ore a n s de a th , a n m

m
other co nj u rer w a s e p l o y ed , o ne D oc t or La vo ir e o r S a vo ry , a s
m
t he n a e is d iff ere ntly w ritte n in di ff ere nt m a nu scripts

m
.

Bu t a ore po w erfu l a g e nt th a n the conj u rers w a s no w b rou ght

in m m
W e h a ve no e a n s o f a scert a i ni ng a t w h a t ti e K i n g J a es m
m m
.

w a s rst a de a cq u a i nted w ith the a orou s i ntri gu es o f his fa vo

rite , b u t , a s the l a tter w a s a s a nxio u s t o g et the l a dy E ss ex a w a y
f ro m m
her h u sb a nd a s she w a s to l e a v e h i , t he E ng l is h S ol o on m
re s o l v ed t h a t both sho u l d be g ra ti ed The co u ntess w as ia
.

s t r u cted t o bri ng a g a i ns t the e a rl o f E ssex 3 ch a r g e O f co nj u ga l

i nc a p a city , a co mm issio n O f re vere nd pre l a tes o f the ch u rch w a s
a ppoi nted to sit in j u d m g e n t ,
o v er w ho m the ki n g presided in per
s o n , a nd a j u ry O f ni a t r o ns w a s fou nd to g i ve the ir O pi n io n th a t

m m m
the l a dy E s sex w a s a a ide n J a es see s to ha ve g l o a ted o ver
m
.

this re vo l ti n g process w ith the s a e d e g ree o f pl e a s u re w hich

he ha d deri v ed fro m m
the ex a i na tio n o f the w itches in Ed inb o r
m
O u gh ; the e a rl O f E ssex a ppe a rs t o h a v e a de no O ppo sitio n, a nd
m
the ki ng pres s ed w ith i nd ece nt e a g er ness a j u d g e nt o f di vorce .

This bei ng e ff ected , the ki ng , w ith no l ess i ndec e n c y , ha s t e ned

a m a rri a e be t w ee n his f a v o r ite a nd the l a d y w ith w hos e ch a r
g ,

a cter he co u l d n o t h a v e b ee n u n a cq u a inted a nd he a ped n e w hon

m m
,

o r s u po n the for er fo r this occ a sion O n the 3d o f No ve ber ,

.

1 6 1 3, R obert C a rr , Visco u nt R ochester , w a s e l e v a te d t o t he r a nk

a nd titl e o f e a r l O f So m erset ; a n d o n St Stephe n s d a y ( D e c e

m
m m
.

ber K i ng J a es g a v e the l a d y to his i nio n a t the a l t a r , a nd

m
the a rri a g e w a s c e l ebr a ted b y the cou rt w ith u nu s u a l sp l en d o r
m m
.

Ther e w a s o ne c irc u sta nce co nnected w ith this gu i lt y a r .

 e m HOMT AS O VE RB URY . 22 9

r ia g e o r a t m
l ea s t cont e por a neou s w ith the i ntr ig u es w hich h a v e
m
,

e d e s cribed , th a t beco e i n t he seq u e l the f o u nd a tio n o f

ju s t b en
m
even ts s t ill ore extra ordi na r y
m m
.

S ir T ho a s O verbu ry , w ho is kn o w n b y l itera r y co positions

of s o mme erit , w a s a l ost a s m m
u ch the fa v orite O f C a rr i n the

ea r l i e r period o f his fortu n es , a s C a rr w a s o f the ki ng ; a nd a l

thou gh repre s e nted ia the co mm
on pu b l ished a ccou nts a s a a n m
of ho no r a b l e ch a r a cter , th ere a ppe a rs t o be no t w a nti ng r o u nd s
g
for su s p e cti ng th a t he w a s a t co p a n io n fo r the m
o na r ch a nd m
his fa vo rite m
It a ppe a rs fro doc u e nts a fter w a rd bro u ght fo rm

th a t S ir Tho m
.

w a rd , a s O v erb u ry exerc ised fo r se v er a l y e a rs the

ex t r a o rd in a ry voc a tio n O f i m p a rti ng ide a s a nd l a ngu a g e to the

ea r l o f So m erset a s to a p u ppet w ho b y m e a ns O f his secret
su g g estio n s m o ve d the i nc l i na tio ns o f K i ng J a m
, , ,

, es w hich w a y
he w o u l d g ov er n e d cou n ci l s a nd fa sci na ted the be a u ties o f the
co u r t ; a nd th a t b e cro w n ed his va rio u s a chie v e m
, ,

e nts b y w riti ng
l o ve l etters in his p a tron s n a m
-
e thro u g h w hich L a d y E ssex

,

w as l ed t o i n d u l g e a g u il ty p a ssio n Y et str a ng e ly e no u gh
w h e n h is p a tro n reso l ved to m a rr y his m
.
,

istress a nd w a s su p ,

o r t ed i n th a t reso l u tion b y the ope n a ppro va l a nd e n co u r a e

p g
me nt O f his sov erei g n O verb u ry is represe n ted a s pu tti ng him
sel f f or w a r d i ndiscreet ly to oppose the m
,

a rri a e n d th s
g a a s u

dra w i ng u po n hi m se l f the h a tred o f the fa vorite a nd his m

,

istress
I t w a s deter m i ned b y so m em
.

e a n s o r other to g et O v erb u ry o u t o f
t he w a y ; the ki ng a t the i n sti g a tio n (a s it is s a id ) O f So m erset
a n d the e a r l O f North a m pto n Off ered to se nd hi me m
,

b a ss a dor to
R u ssi a a n d w he n (a l so it is s a id a t So m
,

erset s s u g g estio n ) he

fu s ed th e e m pl o y m e nt J a m es in a t o f a ng er ordered h imto
, , ,

re

b e com mitt ed c l ose priso ner t o the to w er H ere O v erbu ry lin

, , ,

e re d in a sick ly s t a te o f bod y ti ll t he 1 9 t h o f O ctober 1 6 1 3

g , ,

w h en he died
Fo r a w hi l e a fter the m a rri a e the ki ng s a tt a ch m
.

g e n t t o the
ea r l O f S o m erse t see m ed to i n cre a se fro md a y to d a y a nd ho nors
,

a nd riches w ere sho w ered thic k u po n him b u t a t l e ng th it w a s

,

per cei ved th a t J a m

,

es be g a n to b e tired O f his fa vorite a nd his

en e m ies sei z ed the opp o rtu nity to co nspire his ru i n A m
,

o ng
t h es e the a rchbishop o f C a nterbu r y A bbott w ith w ho mSo m
.

er
t ha d q u a rre ll ed w a s o ne O f the m
, , ,

se , ost a cti ve a nd he ha s l e ft ,

u s a n a cco u nt o f the w a y in w hich these i n tri g u es w ere c a rried

on

W e co u l d h a v e no w a y so g ood s a y s the a rchbishop

t o eff ect u a te th a t w hich w a s t he co m mon desire a s to bri ng in

.
, ,

a no ther i n his roo m

,

; o n e n a i l the pro v erb is bei n g to be dri v e n ,

ou t b y a not he r It w a s no w O bser ved th a t t he k i ng be g a n t o c a st

.

20
230 S O R CE R Y A ND M AGI C.

his e y e u po n G eorg e Vi ll iers w ho w a s th en cu p b ea r er a nd -

see m ed a m odes t a n d co u rteo u s y ou th B u t K i ng J a m

, ,

e s ha d a
fa shio n th a t he w o u l d n e ver a d m
.

it a ny o ne t o ne a rnes s a bo u t
hi m se l f b u t s u ch a o n e a s t he q u ee n shou l d co m me n d t o him
,

a nd m a k e so m
, ,

e s u it in th a t beh a l f in order t h a t if the qu ee n a f

t er w a r d bei ng i ll t re a t ed s ho u l d co m
, ,
-
pl a i n o f this d ea r o ne he
mi g ht ma ke this a ns w er It is co me o f y ou rse l f fo r you w ere
, , ,

the p a rty th a t co m me nded h imu nto me O u r Old ma s t er took

, ,

T he q u ee n h a ted S o m
.

de l i g ht in thi ng s o f this na tu re erset
a l o f co m m
.
,

a nd a fter a oo d de u nic a tio ns a n d i ntri u i n she co n

g g g ,

se nted to a c t t he p a rt req u ired ; a nd V i ll iers w a s a ppoi nted a

e n tl e m a n o f t he ch a m ber i n spite o f t he oppositi o n o f t h e o ld
g
f a v orite w ho w a s m a de to fee l m ore a nd m
,

, ore th a t he w a s l osi ng
f a v or w ith the k in g Sti ll t he k i ng co n t i nu ed ou t w a r d ly t o sho w
h imt he s a m
.

e a tte nt io n a s b e fore a n d e ve n i ncre a sed his ho nors

, ,

b y w hich he w a s l u ll ed i n to sec u rity w hi l e a deep pl ot w a s l a id

fo r h is na l o v erthr o w in w hich J a m e s d a i ly m
,

, ore a tta ched t o

,

the n ew obj ect a pp ea rs t o h a ve co n c u rred

A ll w h o l ooked for w a rd fo r a d va n ce m
, .

e nt throu g h t he new fa
vo r it e w ere z e a l o u s i n perse c u ti n the o l d o ne a nd a m o n t h ese
g g ,

w ere S ir R a l ph W i n w ood o ne o f the secret a ries o f sta te a nd a

c re a tu re o f V i ll iers a nd Sir F r a n cis B a co n to w ho mVi ll ier s
, ,

, ,

he l d o u t the pro s pect o f the ch a nce ll or ship o f E ng l a nd T he

fi rst O f these g o t u p t he a cc u s a ti o n o n w hi c h So m
.

erset w a s tri ed
a nd the seco nd w a s e m
,

p l oy ed to co nd u ct the prosec u tion It

w a s st a ted th a t S ir Tho m
.

a s O v erb u ry ha d bee n poiso ned i n t he

To w er b y a g e n ts O f the c ou ntess a nd e a r l o f So m erset th a t his ,

bod y ha d bee n h a sti ly a nd pr iva te ly b u ried w ith o u t ha v i n g b een

sho w n e v e n to his frie nds a nd th a t So m erset s po w e r o v er t he

k i ng ha d b ee n u sed t o h u sh u p a nd co n ce a l the cri m

,

e S e v era l
i nferior a g e nt s w ere c o m mitted t o priso n a nd by the k i ng s o r
.

ders a w a rr a nt w a s m a de to a rrest the e a r l o f So m

,

erse t w h i ch ,

is s a id t o h a v e bee n ex ecu t ed a fter he l e ft the ki ng s prese nc e a t

R oy s t o n I n the l a st sce ne o f this co u rt dra m a the ki ng exhi b

it ed the m
.
,

os t he a rtl e s s d u p l icity The fo ll o w i ng a ccou nt is g i ven

.

b y a n e y e w itn ess S ir A ntho n y W e l do n

The ki ng w ith this took his fa re w e ll fo r a ti m
,

e o f L ondo n
a n d w a s a cco m p a nied w ith So m
,

erset to R oy sto n w here no s oo n

er he bro u g ht hi m b u t th e e a rl e i nsta ntly t ook his l e a v e l ittl e
,

im a g i n i ng w h a t v i p er l a y a m o ng the herbs No r m
, ,

u st I for e t
g
to l et yo u k no w ho w p er fect the ki n g w a s i n the a r t o f d is s im
.

u
l a t io n or to g i ve it his o w n phr a s e ki ng cr a ft The e a rl e o f
So m erset n e ver p a rte d fro mhimw ith m ore see m
, , , .

i ng a ect io n
'
 T RIA L OF THE E A RL O F S O M E RS ET . 231

t ha n a t t h i s ti me So merset shou l d n e v er s eehim

w he n he k n e w
more; a nd ha d yo u see n t h a t see mi ng a ff ectio n (a s the a u thor
,

hi m s el fs did ) yo u w o u l d r a ther h a v e b e
,
l ie v ed he w a s i n his
risi ng th a n setti ng T h e e a rl e w h en he ki s sed his h a n d the
.
, ,

k in g hu n g a bo u t his n eck s l a bberi n g his cheek s s a y i n g

On m
, ,

F o r G od s s a ke w he n sh a ll I see thee a g ne i ?

a
y
sou l e I sha ll neither ea t no r s l eep u nti l yo u co m
,

e a g a i ne
T h e e a r l e tol d hi mo n M o nd a y (t hi s bei ng o n the F rid a y )
,

F o r G od s s a k e l et m e s a id the ki n g sh a ll I sh a ll I

2
, , , ,

then l o ll e d a bo u t his n eck The n for G od s s a ke g i ve thy l a d y

this kiss fo r m
.
,

I n the s a m em a nn er a t the st a yres h e a d a t the m

.

,
idd l e o f the
,

st a y res a nd a t t he st a y res foot

,
T he e a r l w a s n o w in his co a ch
.

w h en the ki ng u sed the se v ery w ords (in the he a ri ng O f fo u r s e r

v a n ts o f w ho mo n e w a s So m erset s g re a t cre a t u re a nd o f the

bed ch a m
, ,

-
ber w ho reported it i n s ta ntly to the a u thor o f this his
I sh a ll ne ver see his fa ce m
,

t o ry ) ore
.
,

The e a r l w a s pl a ced u nd er a rrest o n his retu rn to L o ndon b u t

i nste a d o f proceedi ng t o a n ex a m
,

i na tio n O f the t w o pri nc ip a l

Off e nders the m i nor a ctors i n the tr a g e dy w ere rst bro u ght t o
The O bj ect i n v ie w fro mthe be g i nni ng a ppe a rs to h a v e
,

tr ial .

bee n t o b ri ng for w a rd a s l ittl e e v ide nce a s possib l e b u t t o u s e

e ve r y m
,

ea ns o f i nd u ci n g the v a rio u s perso ns a cc u sed to co n

f ess the m se l ves gu i l t y a nd a c c u se their s u ppo s ed e m p l o y ers
Al tho u g h a t rst s o meo f the mobsti na te ly de nied a n y k no w l ed g e
.

O f the cr im e im p u ted to the mthe y a ll e nd ed by con fe s si ng w h a t

,

e v er w a s requ ired in u enc ed either by hope or fe a r a nd w he n

, ,

thei r co nfessions ha d bee n O bt a i ne d the y w ere h u rri ed to the ,

a l l o w s w ith a s l ittl e de l a y a s pos s ib l e W e c a n h a rd ly do u bt

g
f r o mthe e vide nce th a t t he co u nte s s o f So m
.
,

,
ers et h a d bee n a u x
iou s for O ver b u r y s de a t h a nd th a t she ha d s u bor ned persons t o

poiso n himb u t it certa i nly did n o t a ppe a r by the e vide n ce th a t

,

he ha d b ee n poiso ned b y the m

,

D u ri n g these tri a l s the p u bl ic excite m

.

e nt w a s so g re a t th a t
W est m i n ster h a ll w a s i nte ns e ly cro w ded a nd i m me nse s u ms ,

w er e g i ve n fo r p l a ces o n the sc a ff o l di n g ere c ted for the occ a sio n

Thi s w a s es p ec i a lly the c a se o n the 7 t h O f No ve m
.

b er 1 6 1 5 the , ,

d a y w he n M r s T u rn er w a s a rr a i g n ed a n d a feel i n g o f s u p er s t i
tio u s fe a r sei z ed o n the a s s e m
.
,

bl a g e w he n o n th a t occ a s io n th e
i ns t ru m e nts O f F ore m a n s co nj u r a tio ns w ere expo s ed to v ie w

It
d s he se nt her m
.

a ppe a r s t ha t w he n M r s T u r n er w a s a rre s t e a id

i n h a s t e to F ore m
.
,

a n s w ido w t o w a r n h er th a t the pri vy co u n ci l

,

w o u l d p ro b a b ly g i ve orders t o se a rch her ho u se a nd to u r g e he r ,

232 S O RCE RY A ND M AGI C.

to b rn a ny o f her h u sb a n d s p a p e r s tha t w er e cal cu l a t ed t o com

u

p ro m ise her M r s F ore m . a n s a w th a t t he trou b l e h e

. r hu s b and

f oreto l d ha d a rri ved a nd she fo ll o w ed the su gg estion t hu s con

u t a few doc u m
,

ve e d to her b e n ts w ere p reser ved th a t w er e no w

y
bro u g ht i nto co u rt a nd a m
,

ong these w ere t het w o g u i l ty l e t t er s

a ddressed b y L a dy E ssex fro m Ch a rtl e y t o M r s T u rner a nd
,

F o re m o so m
.
,

a n w hich a ccordi n t e a cco u nts h a d b e e n fo u nd in

, g ,

the conj u ror s pockets a fter his s u dde n de a th The v a r i o u s ar

t icl es w hich w ere sei z ed in F ore m

.

a n s ho u s e re l a ted t o t he a t

te m pts t o e nch a nt the e a rl s O f S om e r set a nd E s s ex a nd not t o

the m
,

u rder o f O verb u ry There w a s she w ed in c o u r t cer

tei n e pi c tu res O f a m a n a nd a w o m an m
.

a de in l e a d a n d a l s o a

mou ld o f bra sse w herei n the y w ere c a st a b l a cke sca rfe a l so s fu ll

,

o f w hite crosses w hich M r s T u r n e , r ha d in her c u sto di e . in a d

ditio n t o w hic h there w ere ii i cha nt ed p a ps a nd oth er p i ctu r es
These m
.

i g ht b e i nnoce n t e no u gh if the y ha d no t b een fol

l o w ed b y a p a rce l O f F ore m a n s w ritte n ch a rm
,

s a n d co n u r a
j

tio ns
I n so m e o f these p a rch m e nts s a y s t he c ont em

p o ra ry

report o f the tri a l in t h e m a nu script fro m

.
,

w hich w e a r e q u o t i ng
the d evill ha d p a rtic u l a r na m es w ho w ere co nj u red t o t orm
,

ent
t he L ord So m
,

ersett a nd S ir A rth u r M a nnering if th eir s l o ves ,

s ho u l d no t co nt nu e the o ne t o the co u ntesse the other t o M r s

y , ,
.

T u r ner The horror c a u sed b y these re ve l a tio ns w as so g r ea t
th a t the m u l tit u de a sse m
.
,

bl ed in the h a ll i nvol u nt a ri ly l ed i nto t he

de l u sio n t h a t the de m o ns w ere prese nt a m o ng the mw it n es s i ng
the expos u re of their v icti m s a nd s u dde nly in the m
.
,

id s t o f t his
there w a s he a rd a cr a ck fro mt hesc a ff o l d w hi ch c ar
,

s e ns a tio n

a t fe a re tu m a n d co m m m
,

r yed a
g re u l t , otio n a o n g t,
h e spe c ta t o rs ,

a nd thro u h the h a ll e very on e f ea r ein h rt a s if t h e d e v ill ha d

g g u
bi n e prese nt a nd g r o w en a ng ry t o h a v e his w o r k em
, ,

a n shi
pp

k no w ne b y s u ch a s w ere no t his o w ne scholl a rs T here po r t er
T here w a s a l so s a n ote sho w ed in cou r t s m
.

a dds a de b y Doc

tor F ore m a n a nd w ri t t e n in p a rch m

, ,

, e nt si gn i fy ing w h a t la d yes ,

l o ved w h a t l ords in the co u rt b u t the l ord chie fs j u stic e w o u l d ,

-

n o t s u ff er it to be re a d O pe nly in co u r t s

This note o r b oo k
is u nderstood to h a ve bee n a di a r y Of F ore m
.
, ,

a n s de a l i ng s w ith

the persons i m pl ic a ted ; a nd a ccordi ng t o the sc a nd a l O f t he

ti m e the re a so n w hy m
,

y l ord chie f j u stic e obj e cted t o r e a d

-
i n g i t -

w a s th a t his o w n w i fe s n a m
,

, e w a s the fi rst w hi c h c a u ght his eye

o n ope n i n
g it
M r s T u r
. n er h a d bee n a f a
. vorite w it h t h e c o u r t
H d w e F em pr iva t ed i a r ies f t hi p e iod t hey w ou ld no d b t t hr ow

m h lig ht n nt empo a r y hi t or y T he imm l it y f t heconj u r r s pr iva t echa r

a an or s or s r ,
ou

mm

u c

meed b y t h t 9
o co r s or a O o

m
.

a c t er is su icien e 0r t ion o f his secr et d ia r ies p r ivet alr i ed b y

y v a
Mr . Hu e .
 TRI AL OF THE E ARL O F S O MERSET . 233
.

lad ies o n a ccou nt O f her sk i ll in i nv e nti n g new fa shi ons ; fu lly

a w a r e t h a t it w a s u se l ess to a ke a n
y de f e n m
ce she so u
g ht t o

m m m
,

o ve co pa s sio n b y represent ing th a t she w a s a ere serv a n t

t o t h e w i ll o f peopl e O f hi g her r a n k , o n w ho she ha d t o depe nd m
for t h e s u p port Of herse l f a n d chii d r en H er fa te is s a id t o h a v e
m mm
.

ex c ite d u ch co isera tion

m
.

S ever a l o nths w ere a ll o w ed to el a pse a ft er t he exec u tion O f

t he m i nor a g e nts , o n w hose confessio n s these ch a r g es rested ,
b efo re the gre a t Off e n ders w ere proceeded a g a i n st The co u ntes s
m
.

Of S o erset w a s brou ght to her tri a l o n the 2 4 t h o f M a y , 1 6 1 6,

a nd shea t o n ce p l e a ded gu i l ty u nder the e v ide nt i pressio n th a t m
m
,

t hi s p l e a w a s t o erit a p a rdo n Thi s ha d n o do u bt bee n a r

e d be foreh a nd There re m
.

r a ng a i n ed nothi ng no w b u t to con

d em
.

u the e a rl w hos e tri a l w a s xed for the d a y foll o w i ng the

2 5 t h o f M a y ; b u t he it a ppe a rs w a s m
, ,

ore di ffi c u l t to de a l w ith

,

t h a n the other priso ners The co nd u ct o f the ki ng a n d the e a r l

.

o n this O cc a sio n w a s c a l c u l a ted to excite extr a ordi n a r y su s p i

c i ons ; fo r the report s O f the tri a l a nd the v ersio n o f the stor y

w hich c a m e b e fore the p u bl ic w ere e v ide ntly dra w n u p fo r the

u rp o se o f decei v i ng A n a tte m pt h a s bee n m a de to thro w so m e
pght o n t hese mysteriou s tra ns a ctio ns by M r : A mos w ho ha s ex
.

'

am ined the doc u m

,

e n ts re l a ti n g to this tria l preserv ed i n the st a te

pa per O i ce a nd ha s co ll ected the m
,
a teri a l s w hich w e a r e n o w

t o u se .

The l ett ers o f B a con w hose cond u ct thro u gho u t these tri a l s
w a s t o s a y the l e a st m ost u nm
,

a nly sho w u s th a t the k i n l ooked

g
fo rw a rd t o the tri a l O f So m
, , ,

erset w i t h the g re a test u ne a si n ess

a nd th a t e v ery e ff ort w a s m a de to i n d u ce him to a d m
,

it the j u stic e
O f the prosec u tio n e v e n b y the pro m ise O f the ki ng s p a rdo n
.
,

B a c on w r ites to Sir G eor g e Vi l l iers o n the seco nd O f M a y

Th a t s a m e l ittl e ch a rm w hich m
, ,

a
y be secret ly i n fu sed i n to

Som erset s ea r so m
,

e few ho u rs be forehis tri a l w a s exce ll ently
w e ll thou g ht o f b y his m aj esty a nd I do a ppro v e it both for m
,

at

r a nd ti m e ; only if it s ee m s g ood to his m

,

te aj esty I co u l d
w i s h it w ere m m m
,

a de a l ittl e stro n er b y i vi n h i so e hopes

g g g
t h a t his m
,

aj esty w i ll be ood to his l a d y a n d chi ld & c F or

g
t he pe r son th a t sho u l d de l i v er this m ess a g e I a mno t s o w e ll
.
,

en in the re g ion o f his frie nds a s t o be a b l e t o m

,

se a k e choice o f

a p a rtic u l a r ; m
,

l ord tre s u rer t h e l ord K no lly s or a n y o f his

y a
shou l d n o t be tr u sted w it h it fo r the y m
, ,

ne a res t frie nds ,

a
y g o ,

The G r a nd O y e T
r o f Poiso ning : t he r i a l O f t h e E ar l of S o e rs et , fo r t he Po i m
soning of Sir T m
ho as O ver b u r y in t he o w er Of London T B y A n dr ew A os, Esq
. m .

London, B e nt l ey, 1 8 46 .

"
20
234 S O RCE RY AND M AGI C .

t oo fa r , perh a ps w ork contr a r y t o his m

a nd aj esty s e nd s T hose

w hich occ u r to m ea r em m
.

L ord H L o r d Bu r l ei h o f E n l a nd
y a
y y g g
I m
, ,

e a n a n d S ir R o b ert C a rre O n M a y 5 t h B a co n w rites t o
Vi ll iers a fter sta ti ng his opi n ion th a t the res u sci t a tio n o f S o m
, .
,

er s et s fortu n e w o u l d be i m B u t y et the g l i m meri ng of

,


pol itic
th a t w hich the k i ng h a th do ne t o others b y w a y o f ta l k t o him , ,

c a n no t h u rt a s I co ncei ve b u t I w ou l d n o t h a v e th a t p a rt o f t he
mess a g e a s fro mthe ki ng b u t a d ded by the messe ng er a s fro m
,

hi m The ti m
,

se l f e I w ish to b ethe T u esd a y bei ng the ev e n

o f his l a d y s a rr a i g n m e nt ; fo r a s his m
,

a esty rst co n c ei v ed I
j

w o u l d n o t h a v e it st a y in his sto m
, ,

a ch too l o n l est it s o u r i n t he
g ,

di g e s tio n H e w a s in fa ct to be t a ke n b y s u rprise a nd not
l e ft ti m e for c a l mre fl ection Se ver a l other l etters a nd p a pers o f
.
, , ,

B a co n co nta i n s i m i l a r i nti m a tio ns ; a nd it a ppe a rs fro mo n e tha t

.

w hi l e the co u n tess a n d her h u s b a nd w ere kept per fectly in t he

s ecret a s to w h a t co u rse the other w a s p u rs u i ng or w ha t e vi ,

de nc e existed a g a i nst the other they w ere sti ll pl a y ed 06 a ga i nst

e a ch other B a co n s a y s o n the te nth o f M a y It is t hou g ht

th a t a t the d a y o f her tri a l the l a dy w i ll co nfess the i ndictm
.
, ,

e nt ;
w hich if she do no e v ide n ce o u ght to be g i v e n B u t bec a u s e
it sh a ll no t be a d u m b sho w a nd fo r his m
.
, ,

ajesty s ho n or in s o

so l e m n a n a s s em b ly I p u rpose t o m
,

a ke a de c l a r a tio n O f t he r o

p
a t w ork o f j u stice fro mthe be i nn i n
,

c eed in s o f t his re t o t h e
g g g g ,

end w herei n n e v erthe l ess I w i ll be c a re fu l n o w a y s t o pre v e nt

or disco ver the e vide nce O f t he next d a y I n this m
, , ,

y l ord c h a n .
-

ce ll o r a n d I h a v e l i k e w ise u sed a poi nt o f pro vide nce ; f o r I d id

f o rec a st th a t if in th a t na rr a t i ve b y the co nne c tio n o f t h i n g s
n t ha t s ho u ld s ho w hi m m
, , ,

a n t hin
y g s ho u l d b e s o ke
p g u il t
y she i g h t ,

bre a k forth i nto p a ssio na te protesta tio n s f or his clea r i ng ; w hi c h

tho u g h it m u stly m
,

be j a de l i ht o f y et it is better a v oid e d
a
y g ;
the r e fore m
,

y l ord
,
ch a n ce l l or a n d I h a v e de v ised th a t u po n t he
-
,

e ntra n ce i nto th a t d ecl a r a t io n she sh a ll i n r esp ect qf her w ea k ,

s s a nd n o t t o a dd i ct io n b e w it hd r a w n I a p a per
ne
f u r t her a
n
o f q u estio n s fo r the m a na g e m
, , .

e n t o f the e a r l s tri a l in B a co n s

h a n d w riti ng it is s u gg es t ed W hether if m o f So m
,

l ord e r se t
y
sh o u l d b r ea k f o r t h mt o a ny sp eech of t a x ing t he Icing he b e not
, , ,

pr es e ntly b y the l ord ste w a rd to be i nterru pted a nd si l e n ced ;

-

a n d if he pers ist he be n o t to b eto l d th a t if he t a ke th a t co u r s e

, , , ,

he is b e w i t hd r a w n , a nd ev i d ence t o b eg iven i n his a b s ence
to It
m m m
.

u st be O bs er ve d , th a t there is n o i nti a tio n th a t So er s et ha d

m
e v er thre a t e n ed to s a ve hi se l f b y a cc u s i n g the ki ng , s o th a t t he
f e a r o n t ha t he a d m
u st h a ve a rise n fro so e g re a t is g iv i ng o n m m m
the p a rt of the l a tter .
 TH E KING S FE A RS

. 235

S ir G eo rge M o o re ha d bee n a ppo inted l ie u te n a nt of the T o w

or w h e n So m
e r s et w a s co mm
itt ed , a n d in his fa i ly h a v e bee n m
pr es er v ed t he a u to g ra ph l e t t ers w hich the k i n g a ddr ess ed t o hi m
du r i ng t he prep a r a ti o ns fo r the tri a l *
F ro these w e see ho w m
m
.
,

a nx i o u sly J a es w a s a cti ng in the v ie w s expres s ed in the a bo ve

ext r a c ts fro m
B a co n s l etters I n th e rst o f the k ing s l etters ,

m
.

da t ed o n t he n i nt h o f M a y , J a es s a y s to S ir G e o r g e M oor e,
A s t h e o n ly co n de nce I ha d in y o u r ho nesty a de e, w ith m m
ou t t he k n o w l ed g e O f a ny , p u t y o u in th a t p l a ce o f t r u st w hi c h
no w ssess so m u st I n o w u s e y o u r tr u st a n d secrec y i n a
y ou p o

t hi n g g r ea tly c on cer n i ng m
,

ho n o r a n d ser v ice a nd he the n

y
des ir es hi mt o a d m i t i n the g re a t es t secrec y to hi s priso n er a
va t e m s e n er w ho w a s to pers u a de himto co n fes s
, , ,

p r i e s g , O n t h e .

1 3t h o f M a y the ki ng w rites a g a i n Al th o u gh I fe a r th a t t he
l a st m
, ,

essa g e I se n t t o y o u r u nfortu n a t e pri s o ner sh a ll no t t a k e

t he e ec t th a t I w ish it sho u l d y et I c a n n o t l e a v e O ff to u s e a l l
'

mea ns po ssibl e t o mo ve himto do th a t w hi ch is most ho nor a bl e

,

fo r m e a nd hi s o w n best Y o u sh a ll ther efore g i ve hima ss u

u s e in m m
,
.
, ,

re n a e t h a t if he w i ll y et be fore his t ri a l co n fess

y
cl ea r l y u nt o the co m missi o ners his gu i l ti ness o f this fa ct I w i ll
,

no t on ly p erf or mw h a t I pro m is ed b y m a st m
,

y l esse n g er bot h
t o w a r d hima nd his w i fe b u t I w i ll e n l a r g e it A ss u re hi m
,

t ha t I p r o test u po n m m
, ,

y ho n or y en d i n this is f,o r his a nd hi s

w i fes g o od ; yo u w i ll do w e ll l ike w ise o f y o u rse l f to c a st o u t

u nt o himtha t yo u f e a r his w if e s ha ll p le
, ,

a d we a kl
yf o r his i n n o

mr s a nd t ha t you nd the commi s s ioner s h a ve yo u k no w no t

,

ho w s o m
, ,

e s ecret a ss u r a n c e th a t i n the end s he w i l l co nf es s of

b u t t hi s m a s f ro m
, , ,

his! u st o nl be y o u rse l f a n d there fore y o u

y
mu st no t let himkno w tha t I ha v e w ritte n t o yo u
,

if he r e
ma in ob st inat e I d esire not tha t yo u sho u l d trou bl e me w ith a n
.

a ns w e r ; fo r it is t o no end a nd n o n e w s is better t ha n e vi l n e ws
In a n o t her l et ter u n d a ted the ki ng s pe a ks in t he s a m
, .

e str a i n
I t is eas y to be see n th a t he w o u l d thr ea t en m
, , ,

a nd a dd s e w ith
l a yin g a n asp er s i o n u po n m e o f bei ng in so m
, ,

e sort a ccessory t o
his cr im e a nd in a f o u rth w hich a ppe a rs t o h a v e bee n w ritte n
on t he m a l Ja m a v e so m
,

su r l o r ni n
g o f the tri es g e c rio s di
y u , u

M ons w ha t s h o u l d b e d o ne w ith the e a r l in c a se he re f u s ed t o ,

id n o t be l ie v e th a t t he
a p u b l ic tri a l .

f u r n i sh a stri k i ng co n r
ti ve o f w h a t took pl a c e o n
I I new St Ti mely , in Su r r ey, a nd w ere pr int ed in K e mp

s Los ely
234 S O RCE RY A ND M AGIC .

t oo fa r , perha ps w ork contr a r y t o his m

a nd aj e s t
y s e n d s T h o se

w hich o c c u r to m ea r em m
.

y L ord H a
y y L o r d B u r l e i g h o f E n gl a nd
I m
, ,

e a n a nd S ir R obert C a rre O n M a y 5 t h B a c o n w r ites t o
Vi ll iers a fter sta ti ng his opi nio n tha t the resu sci t a t io n o f S o m
, .
,

er s et s fo rtu n e w o u l d be i m B u t yet the g l i m me r i n g of

,


po l iti c
th a t w hi ch the k i ng h a th do ne to others b y w a y o f t a l k t o him , ,

c a n no t h u rt a s I co n cei ve b u t I w ou l d no t h a v eth a t p a rt o f t he
mess a g e a s fro mthe ki ng b u t a dded b y the mes s e ng e r a s from
,

hi m The ti m
,

s e lf e I w i s h t o b ethe T u esd a y bei ng t he even

o f h is l a d y s a rr a i n m m
,

g e n t ; fo r a s his a
j est y rst c o n c e i v ed I
w o u l d n o t h a v e it st a y in his sto m
, ,

a ch t o o l o n l est it o r i n t he
g s u ,

di g estio n H e w a s in fa ct to be t a ke n b y s u rpri s e a nd not
l e ft ti m e fo r c a l mre fl ectio n Se v er a l other l etters a nd pa p ers of
.
, , ,

B a co n co nta i n s i m i l a r i n ti m a tio ns ; a nd it a ppe a rs fro mo n e that

.

w hi l e the co u n tess a n d her h u s b a nd w ere k ept per fect ly i n t he

secret a s to w h a t co u rse the other w a s pu rs u i ng o r w ha t evi ,

de nce existed a g a i nst the other they w ere sti ll pla y ed 0 6 a g a inst

e a c h other B a co n s a y s o n t he te nth o f M a y It i s t hou ght

th a t a t the d a y o f her tri a l the l a dy w i l l confess the i nd ict m
.
, ,

e nt ;
w hich if she do no e v ide nce o u ght to be g i v e n B u t b ec a u se
it sh a ll no t be a d u m b sho w a nd fo r his m
.
, ,

a jesty s ho nor i n so

so l e mn a n a sse m b ly I p u rpose t o m
,

a ke a de c l a r a tio n O f t h e r o
p
a t w ork o f j u s tic e fro mthe be i nn i n
,

c eedin s o f t his
g g re g g, t o t he
end w herei n ne verth e l ess I w i ll be c a re fu l n o w a y s t o pre v e nt
m
, , ,

o r disco v er the e vide n ce O f t he n ext d a

y I n this y l ord C
. h a n -

ce l l o r a nd I h a v e l i k e w ise u sed a poi nt o f pro vide nce ; fo r I did

fo rec a st th a t if in th a t na r r a t i ve b y the co n nec t io n o f thi ng s
n t ha t s ho u ld s ho w hi m m
, , ,

a n t hi n s ho u l d b e S /te u ilt she i h t

y g p a
g y g ,

bre a k forth i nto p a s s io na te protest a tio ns f or his clea r i ng w hi ch

tho u g h it m u stly m
,

be j a de l i ht O f y et it is better a v oi d ed ;
a
y g
the r e fo re m
,

l ord ch a n c e ll or a nd I h a v e de v ised t ha t u po n t he
y
-
, ,

e ntra n ce i nto th a t d ec l a r a tio n she sh a ll i n r esp ect If her w ea k ,

s s a nd n o t t o a d d i ct i o n b e w it hd r a wn I a p a p er
ne
f u r t he r a
n
o f q u estio n s fo r t h e m a na g e m
, , .

e nt o f the e a r l s tri a l in B a c o n s

h a n d w riti ng it is s u g g ested W he t her if m o f S om

,

, , y l ord ,e r s e t
sh o u l d b r ea k f o r t h i n t o a ny sp eech of t a xing t he Icing he b e not ,

pr es e ntly b y the l ord ste w a rd to be i nterru pted a nd si l e n c ed ;

-

a n d if he persi s t he be n o t to be to l d th a t if he t a ke th a t C ou r s e
, , , ,

he i s to b e w i t hd r a w n , a n d ev i d en cet o b eg i ven i n his a b s en ce It
mst m m
.

u be ob s er ve d , th a t there is n o i nti a tio n th a t So erset h a d

e ver thre a t e n ed to s a ve hi m se l f by a cc u s i n g the ki n g s o th a t t he
f e a r o n t ha t he a d mu st h a ve a rise n fro m so m e g re a t m
,

i sg i v i ng on
the p a rt O f the l a tter .
 TH E KING S FEARS

. 235

S ir G eo r ge M oor e ha d bee n a ppo inted l ie u tena nt o f the T o w

m
er w h en S o e r s et w a s co mm
itt ed , a n d in his fa i ly h a v e bee n m
p r es er v ed t h e a u togr a ph l etters w hic h the ki ng a ddre s s ed to hi m
du ri ng the prep a r a tio ns fo r the tri a l
F ro the s e w e s ee ho w m
m
.
,

a nx i o u s ly J a e s w a s a cti n g in the v ie w s e xpre ss ed in the a bov e

extr a c t s f ro m
B a co n s l etter s

I n th e r st o f the ki ng s l etter s ,

m
.

da t ed o n t he n i nth o f M a y , J a e s s a y s to S ir G e o rge M oore ,

A s t he on ly co nde nce I ha d i n y o u r ho n e st y a de e, w ith m m
ou t t he k no w l edge o f a ny , p u t y o u i n th a t p l a c e o f t r u s t w hich

y o u n o w po s s e ss , s o m
u s t I n o w u s e y o u r tr u s t a nd s ecrec y i n a

t hin g gr e a tly concer ni ng y ho n or m

a nd s er v ice a n d he the n

m m
des i r e s hi t o a d it in the gre a t e st s ecrec y , to his pri s o n er , a
m m
,

pr iva te e s s e nger , w ho w a s to per su a de hi to confes s O n t he .

1 3t h o f M a y, the k i n g w rite s a g a i n , A l tho u gh I fe a r th a t t he

la st me ge I s en t to y o u r u nfortu na te pri so ner sh a ll no t ta k e
ss a

t h e eff ec t th a t I w is h it sho u l d y et I c a n no t l e a v e o to u s e a l l

mea ns poss ibl e t o move himto d o th a t w hich is mo st honora b l e

,

fo r m e a n d his o w n be st Y o u s h a ll there fore gi ve hima s su

r a n c e in m am
.
, , ,

n e t h a t i f he w i ll et be fore h i s tri a l co nf e s s
y y
cl e a r l y u nto the co m mi ss ion ers his gu i lti ne ss o f thi s fa ct I w i ll
,

no t o n ly per for mw h a t I pro m i s ed b y m st m

,

y l a e ss e nger both

t o w a rd hima nd his w i fe b u t I w i ll e n l a rge it A s s u re hi m

,

t h a t I prote s t u po n m m
, ,

ho nor e n d i n thi i fo r his a nd hi s

y y , s s

w i f e s good ; yo u w i ll do w e l l l ike w i s e o f y o u r s e l f to c a s t o u t

u nt o h imth a t yo u f e a r his w if e s ha ll p le
, ,

a d we a kl
yf o r his i n n o

n ce a nd th a t yo u nd the co m mi s sioners h a ve yo u k no w not

,

ce

ho w s o m
, ,

e s ecret a s s u r a n c e th a t i n the end s hew ill co nf es s of

him b u t thi s m u s t o n y be a s f ro my o u r s e l f a nd there fore y o u
, , ,

l
mu st no t l et himknow th a t I h a v e w ritte n to you
,

if he r e
ma i n ob stina te I de s ire no t th a t yo u shou l d tro u bl e me w ith a n
,

a n s w er ; fo r it i s t o no e nd a nd no n e w s is better t hl n e vi l n ews
I n a n other l etter u nd a ted the ki n g s pe a k s in the sa m
, .

e s tr a i n
I t i s e a sy to be s ee n th a t he w ou l d thre a t e n m
, , ,

a nd a d d s e w ith
l a y i n g a n a spers io n u po n m e o f bei n g in s o m
, ,

e s ort a cce s s ory to

h is c r i m e a nd in a f ou rth w hi ch a ppe a r s t o h a v e bee n w ritte n
ea rly o n t he m orni ng o f the tri a l J a m e s g a v e so m
,

,e c u rio u s di
r ectio ns w h a t sho u l d b e do n e w ith the e a r l in c a s e he r efu s ed t o
a ppe a r s th a t S o m
,

o t o the tri a l I t er s et did n o t be l ie v e th a t the

g
k ing w o u l d a ll o w h imto be bro u ght t o a p u bl ic tri a l
.

T he s e l etter s to S ir G eorge M oore fu r n i s h a s tri k i n g co n r

ma tio n of S ir Antho ny W e l do n s na rra ti ve o f w ha t took pl a ce o n

The a r e no w at Losely, in Su r r ey, a nd wer e p r int ed in K e p m '

s Los ely
Pa per s! y
2 3; so ncs nv A ND n a me .

to f
o ar, an d ork co nt ra r y t o his m
p er ha ps w a j es t
y s e n d s Th o se

me a r e my Lord H a y my Lo r d Bu r l eig h o f Engl a nd

.

w h i c h cc u r t o o ,

I m
,

ea n a nd S ir R b ert C a n e O n M a y 5 t h B a co n w rites t o
o

V i ll i ers a ft er s t a t i ng h i s o p i n io n t ha t the r esu s c ita tio n o f So m

,
.
.

f r t u ne w u l d b e i m u t y et t he l i m m
,

ol i t ic : B eri g f
' "

er s et s o
p o
g n o

t h a t w hic h t he ki n g h a t h d o ne t o o t her s b y w a y o f t a l k to him , ,

c a n n t hu r t a s l c o nc ei ve ; b u t I w o u l d n o t h a v e t ha t p a rt o f t he
o

mes s a g e a s fro mt he k i ng b u t a dd ed by th e me s s e nger a s from

,

T he t i m
,

ll l l l l lf
st '
e I w i s h t o b e t h eT u e s d a y be i n g the e ven
o f hi s l a d y s a rr a i g n m fo r a s h is m
,

a e s t y r s t co n c ei ved I
ent j
'

w u l d no t ha v e it s t a y in h is s t o m
, ,

o a ch too l o n g l e s t it s o u r i n t he ,

dige t i n s oH e w a s in fa ct t o be t a ke n b y s u rpri s e a nd not
l eft t i me fo r c a l mr e ec t i o n S e v er a l oth er l etter s a n d p a pers of
.
, , ,

l l a c o n c o nt a i n s i m il a r i n t i m a t io ns ; a nd it a ppe a r s f ro mo ne tha t
.

w hi le t he c o u n t ess a n d her h u s b a nd w ere k ept pe r fectly in t he

.

s ec r et a s t o w h a t co u r s e the oth e r w a s p u r s u i n g o r w ha t evi ,

d enc e exi s t ed a g a i ns t t he o t h er the y w ere s ti ll pl a y ed 0 6 a ga i nst

ea c h o t her Ba c o n s a y s o n t he te nt h o f M a y I t is t ho u ght
t ha t a t t he d a y o f her tri a l t he l a dy w i ll co nf es s the i ndic t m
, ,
.

e nt ;
w hi c h it s he d o no ev i d enc e o u gh t t o be gi v e n B u t bec a u se
'

i t ha l l no t b e a d u m b s ho w a nd fo r his m
, , .

aj e s ty s ho nor in s o

s

s o l em n a n a ss em b ly I p u rpo s e t o m
,

a ke a dec l a r a ti o n o f the pro

c eed i n g s o f t hi s g r ea t w ork o f j u s tice fromthe b egi n n i n g to the

,

en d w her ei n n everth el es s I w i ll be c a re f u l no w a y s to pre v e nt

m
, , ,

o r d i c o v er t he e vid en c e o f t he n e x t d a I n thi l ord ch

s
y s y a n -
.

c el lo r a n d l h a v e l ike w i s e u s ed a poi nt o f pro vide nc e fo r I did

fo r ec a s t t h a t i f in th a t n a rra t i ve b y the co n nec t io n o f t hi ngs
r m t ha t s ho u l d s ho w hi m u il t m
. , ,
a n t hi n g s ho ld b e s
y p / u a
g y s he i g h t ,

b r ea k f r t h i nto p a s s io na te prote s t a tio n s f or his clea r i ng

o w h ich,
t ho u g h it m a
y b e j u s t ly m a de l ight o f y e

t h en t i t r e m l o rd c ha nce ll or a nd I h a v e
,
-
y
-
,

e nt r a n c e i nt o th a t d ec l a r a t i o n s he sh a ll ,

n es s a nd n o t t o a d d
f u r t he r a
l ct i on b e t o

a n a ge m
,

t he m
,

o f qu e st i o ns f r e nt o f the
o

h a nd w riti ng it is s u g g es ted W het h , ,

s ho u l d b r e ak b r t h i nt o a n
j y ps e e c h qf
pr esently by the l o rd s te w a rd to be -

a nd if he per s i s t he b e n o t to be to l d
, , ,

he is t o b e w i t hd r a w n , a n d ev i d en ce
m u s t be o b s er ve d , th a t there is no
ever t hre a t e ned to s a ve hi s e l f by m
f ea r o n t ha t he a d u s t h a ve a ri s e n fro m m so n
t he p a rt o f t he l a tter .
 MYSTERI OUS C H AR A C TER OF TH E T RI AL . 239

ha ve g i v en i t e v i d e nce o n t he tri a l ha d m
mp rt o an o r e tr u th be e , n
so u g ht w ere cert a i nly kept o u t o f the w a y
Mr A m os poi nt s o u t the i m
.
,

prob a bi l ity o f the w ho l e s tory o f

t h e poi s o n i n g a s it w a s m
.

a de the gro u nd w ork o f the tri a l a nd

w em a ir ly d o u bt if it w ere n o t a ctio n to co v er c ir cu m
, ,

a
y f st a n

c es w hich co u l d no t s a fe ly be re v ea l ed W e l e a rn fro mthe na r

l do n th a t F ra nk l i n o ne o f the m
.

r a t iv e o f S ir A n tho ny W e i no r
nt s co nf e s s ed th a t S ir T ho m a s O v erbu ry w a s s m
, ,

a ge o t he re d by
h i ma nd W e s to n a nd w a s n o t po is o n ed
,

T he su s piciou s cir
cu m st a nc e tha t n o n e o f F r a n k l i n s e x a m
.
,

i na tio ns ta k en be fore his
t r ia l a r e f orthco m i ng gi v e s s o m
e cou nte na n ce to thi s report
M r Am o s s b ook co nta i ns a m
, .

a ss o f e v ide n ce o n thi s a n d other

o i nt s w hich m m
.

p y s p a ce w i ll n o t a ll o w e to tr a n s f er to thi s re

v iew o f the s u bject

It m u s t he co nfe s s ed tha t e v e n w ith the i m
.

port a nt a dditio n a l
evi de n ce th u s bro u ght to l ight the hi story o f S ir T ho m
,

a s O v er

b u ry s m u rder is sti ll c l ou d ed i n m
,

s ter y T h co c l s io n t o

y e n u .

w hich w e a r e na t u ra lly l ed b y the foregoi ng fa cts is th a t a ny ,

s a ti s fa ctor y e v ide n ce w hich co u l d h a v e bee n bro u ght for w a rd

w o u l d h a v e i nv o l ved other a cco m p l ice s w ho s e na m e s it w a s ne

a re f u lly fro mp u b l ic s u spicio n a nd th a t the re a l
,

ce ss a r
y to keep c ,

o bj ect o f the pro s ec u t io n w a s the r u i n a n d di s gr a ce o f the fa vor

it e w ho ma t l a s t J a m e s a ctu a te d b y fe a r or s o m e o t her m oti ve

did no t s a crice to the u t m
, , ,

o st e xt ent o f the w i she s o f h is ene

mi e s T he pre su mp t ion is i nd ee d st ro ng th a t the mu rd er w a s
a u th o ri z ed b y K i ng J a m e s hi m
.

s el f T hi s su ppo s itio n a t l e a s t
ex p l a i ns v a ri ou s c irc u m
.
, ,

s t a n ce s w hich a r e other w i s e tota lly in e x

l i a bl e W e th u s u nder s ta n d w hy the m i n or a ge n t s in the p l ot
p c .
,

a nd e s pec i a lly t h e u n fortu n a te l ie u te na nt o f the T o w er ( S ir G e r

va i s H e l w ys s e) a nd O ver b u r y s j a i l er W e sto n w ere s o su m ma

W e thu s u nders ta n d the t a m

, , ,

r i ly de s p a tched o u t o f the w or l d
s itio ns w hich w ith a ll the a rr a nge m
.

p e r i n g w ith their depo e n t s

for the tri a l w ere m
, ,

a de a ccordi ng t o the ki ng s o w n directio ns

And s ti ll m ore w e u nderst a nd J a m e s s a nx iety to pre v e nt S o m

, .

er s et s a ntic ip a ted re ve l a t io n s

.

W i th thi s n ew vie w o f the su bj ect w e a r e l ed fu rther t o a sk

for a re a s o n for t hi s e xtr a ordi n a ry s ta te m
,

u rder a n d here a t

pr es en t w e a r e l e ft e ntire ly to co nj ectu re T he co m mon s tory

,

t ha t O ver b u r y s m u rder w a s a m
.

ere a ct o f re v e nge fo r his oppo
ai t io n t o the m a rr i a ge o f S o m ers et w ith the cou nt e s s o f Ess e x
ha s a l w a y s a ppe a red to m e t o be in the highe s t degree i m
,

proba
b le w he n w e cons i d er th e p a rt he a ppe a r s t o h a v e pre viou s ly
d in p r om oti ng S o m ers e t s a m
,

act e ou r s a nd t he p ar t w hich he

,
2 3; S ORC ERY AND M A G IC .

too fa r , a nd p er ha ps w ork cont r a r y t o h is m

a j est
y

s e n d s Th os e
m m m
.

w Inc h o c c u r t o ea r e y L ord l l a y , y L o rd B u r l ei g h o f Engl a nd

m
,

I ea n a n d S ir Ro b ert C a n e O n M a y 5 t h, B a co n w ri t es t o
m
.
.

V i ll i er s a ft er s t a t i ng h is o pi nio n th a t t he r es u s cita tio n o f So

m mm
.

c r n et a fo r t u n e w o u ld he i ol itic : B e the g l i eri g f

' "

p u t y t n o

t ha t w hic h t he ki ng h a t h d o ne t o o t h er s , by w a y o f ta l k to hi , m
c a n no t h u rt , a s l c o nc ei v e ; b u t I w ou l d n o t h a v e th a t p a rt o f t he

m es s a g e a s f r o m
t he k i ng , b u t a d d ed b y th e m
e s s e n ger a s fro m
m
h i s el f m
T he ti e I w i s h t o b e t heT u e s d a y , bei ng t he even
m m
.

o f his l a d y s a rr a i g n ent ; fo r , a s h is aj est r t i ve d I

'

y s c o n c e
m
,

w o u l d n o t ha v e it s t a y i n his s to a ch t o o l o n g , l e s t it s o u r in t he

d i g es t i o n l i e w a s , i n fa ct , t o b e t a ke n b y s u r p ri s e , a nd not
m m
.

l ef t t i e fo r ca l r e ecti o n S ev er a l other l ette r s a nd p a pers of

m m m
.

B a c o n c o nt a i n s i i l a r i nt i a t io ns ; a nd it a ppe a r s f ro o n e, that

w hi l e t he c o u nt es s a n d her h u s b a nd w ere k ep t per f ec tly in t he

.

s ec ret a s t o w h a t co u r s e the oth er w a s p u r s u i n g , o r w ha t e vi

d enc e ex i s t ed a g a i ns t t he o t h er , th ey w ere s ti ll p l a y ed o a ga i nst

ea c h o t her Ba co n s a y s , o n the te nth o f M a y, I t is thou ght

m
.

t h a t a t t he d a y o f her t ri a l the l a d y w i ll co n f e s s the i n dict e nt ;

w hi c h if s he d o , no e v i d en ce o u ght to b e gi v e n B u t bec a u se
m m
.
,

i t s ha ll no t b e a d u b s ho w , a nd fo r his a j e s t y s ho n or i n so

s o lem n a n a s s e bl y m I pu rpos e t o m
a k e a de c l a r a ti o n o f the
p r o
m
,

c eed i n g s o f t hi s g r ea t w o rk o f j u stic e , fro the begi n n i n g t o t he

end w her ei n, neverth el es s , I w i ll be c a re f u l no w a y s t o pre v ent
m
,

o r di s c o v er t he e vid en c e o f t he n e xt d a I n t hi l ord ch
y s
y a n
-
.

c el lo r a nd l h a v e l ik e w i s e u s e d a p oi nt o f pro vide n c e fo r I did

fo rec a s t th a t if i n th a t n a rra t i v e, by the co n necti o n o f t h ings,
m m
,

a n t hi n g s ho u ld b e s o ke n t ha t s ho u ld s ho w hi u il t h e i h t
y p g y , s
g
b r ea k fo r th i nt o p a s s io na te prote st a tio ns f or his clea r i n
t ho u g h it m
a y b e j u s tly m
a de l ight

t hen -t i t r e,
y lmo rd ch a nc ell or a n d I
-

e nt ra n c e i nt o th a t d ec l a r a t io n s he
ne ss a nd n o t

m
,

of u e s t i o n s f or t he
q
h a nd w riti n g , it is s u g ges t ed , W het h
s ho u l d b r e ak
j b r t h i nt o a n
y ps e e ch of
pres ently b y the l o rd s te w a rd t o be -

a n d if he per s i s t , he b e n o t to b eto l d
, ,

he is t o b ew i t hd r a wn , a nd ev i d ence
m u s t be ob s er ve d th a t there is n o

m
,

ever t hre a t e ned t o s a v e hi s e l f by

f ea r o n t ha t he a d m
u s t ha v e a ri s e n f ro m
so n
t he p a rt o f t he l a tt e r .
 LA M A REC H A LE D A NC RE
.
241

co ver y o f the s ecret w o u l d , perh a p s , re v e a l s ce ne s o f ro y a l de

p r a v it y w hich it w ere a s w e ll sho u l d re a i n u nk n o w n I t i s m
c er t a i n th a t there w a s a t the ti m
.

e a n O pi nio n a bro a d th a t S ir
T ho m
,

a s O v er b u ry ha d bee n a n a ge nt in e v i l deed s H ew a s
ev e n v e r y co m monly su spected o f h a v i ng ha d so me h a nd in p r o
.

cu r i ng the de a th o f P ri nce H e nr y w ho w a s fa r fro mbei n g a ,

f a v orite w ith his fa ther w ho h a ted the fa v orite a nd w ho w a s

, ,

op u l a rly be l ie v ed to h a v e bee n poi s o n ed T here r e a f ew

p a

very re m a rk a b l e p a s s a ge s i n the p a per s o f the ti m

.

e re l a t i n g t o ,

t h i s e v e nt w hi ch c ert a i nl y w he n p u t together te n d t o r a i s e s u s
, , ,

p i c i o n a nd S ir Ed w a rd C oke e x c ited the k i ng s a n ger t o t he

h i ghe s t degree a nd w a s the c a u s e o f S ir Tho m

,

a s M o ns on s

,

t r i a l be in g a bru ptly p u t a s top to b y a n u ngu a rded e xpre ss io n i n ,

c o u rt w hich a ll u d ed to tho s e s u s pic io n s a g a i ns t O verb u ry a nd

w hich it is sa id th a t J a m
, ,

e s n e v er forg a ve .

C H A P T ER XX .

LA M A R E C H A LE D A NC R E .

W H I LE thi s tr a ged y w a s a cti n g in En gl a n d a s om ew ha t sim i

l a r o ne thou gh u nder di ff ere nt c irc u m
,

, s t a nce s w a s in progre s s ,

in F r a n ce .

O n the de a th o f H e nri I V sl a i n b y the a s sa s s i n R a va ill a c in

.
,

1 6 1 0 his s o n L o u i s X I I I bei n g b u t a ch i l d the roy a l po w e r

f e ll i nto the h a nd s o f the q u ee n m
, , ,
.

ot her M a rie de M ed ici s

Am o n g the s er v a nt s a tta ched to M a rie be fore her m
, .

a rri a ge w a s

a w om
,

a n o f e xtr a ordi na ry a ddre s s a nd t a l e nt the d a u ghter o f

M a rie s nu r s e n a m ed El eo nor a Dori o r a na m

,

e she a dopte d
S he s oo n bec a m
, , ,

a fter w a rd El eo n or a G a l ig a i e a gre a t fa vor

'

it e w it h her m i s tre ss w ho mshe a cco m

, .

,
p a n i ed i nto F r a nce a s a
c o n de n ti a l a tte nd a n t a nd s he gr a d u a lly g a i ned a n u nbo u n de d

O ne o f the ge n tl e m
,

in u e n ce o v er H e n ri s qu ee n

e n fo ll o w er s
o f t he qu ee n w a s a Fl ore nti ne n a m
.

ed C o nci no C o n c i n i w ho s e
dfa t her w a s s ecreta ry to the gr a n d d u k e C o s m
, ,

o b u t t he ,

rope r t y he ha d s cr a ped together w a s di s s ip a ted b y his chi l

p
dr e n a nd C o nc i n o w ho ha d p a s s ed h is y o u th s o w i l dly th a t it is
s a id t o ha ve b eco m e a lm
, ,

o s t prov erbi a l for p a re nt s to w a rn thei r

chi l d r e n o f his e xa m p l e w a s in i n dige nt circ u m s t a nce s In
qu ence o f thi s he w e nt t o see k his fortu ne a t Ro m
.
,

cons e ,
e w h er e ,

21
234 so a cs a v A ND n a me .

t oo fa r a nd p er ha ps w ork co nt r a r y t o his m aj e st

y s e n d s Th o s e
m m m
.
,

w hi c h o c c u r t o e a r e y L ord H a y , y Lo r d B u r lei g h , o f Engl a nd

1 t n ea n a n d S ir Ro b ert C a rre O n M a y 5 t h, B a c o n w rites to
m
. .

V i ll i ers a ft er s ta t i ng h is o pi nio n th a t t he r esu s cit a tio n o f So

m mm
,

er s et s fo r t u ne w o u l d b e i po l itic : B u t yet t he g l i ering of
'

t h a t w h ic h t he k i n g h a t h do n e t o other s , b y w a y o f ta l k t o hi , m
c a n no t h u rt , a s l co nc ei ve ; b u t I w o u l d no t h a v eth a t pa rt o f t he

m es s a g e a s f ro m t he ki ng , b u t a d ded b y the m e s s eng er a s fro m

m
hi s el f m
T he ti e I w i s h t o be the T u e s d a y , b ei n g t heeven
o f his l a d y s a rr a i g n

m m
e nt ; fo r , a s h is a j e sty rs t c o nc ei ved, I
m
w o u l d no t h a v e it s t a y i n his s to a ch t o o l o n g , l e s t it s o u r i n t he

di g es t i o n H e w a s , in fa ct , t o be t a ke n by s u r pr is e , a nd not
m m
.

l eft t t e fo r c a l r efl ecti o n S e v er a l other l e t ter s a n d p a pers of

m m m
.

B a c o n c o nt a i n s i i l a r i nt i a t io ns ; a nd it a ppe a r s fro o ne, tha t

w hi l e t he c o u nt es s a n d her h u s b a nd w ere k ep t p er fec t l y in t he

s ecr et a s to w h a t co u r s e the other w a s p u r s u i n g , o r w ha t e vi

d enc e ex i s ted a g a i ns t t heo t her , th ey w ere s ti ll p l a y ed 0 3 a ga i nst

ea c h oth er B a c o n s a y s , o n the te nth o f M a y, I t i s t ho u ght
m
.

t h a t a t t he d a y o f her tri a l t he l a d y w i ll confe s s the i n di ct e nt ;

w hich , if s he do , no e v id en ce o u ght to be gi v e n B u t b ec a u se
m m
.

it s ha l l no t be a d u b s ho w , a nd fo r his aj e s ty s h o nor in s o

m
so le n a n a sse m m
b ly , I p u rpo s e t o a ke a dec l a ra tion o f t he pr o
ce ed ing s o f t hi s g r ea t w o rk o f j u s tice , fro m the begi nn i n g t o t he
en d , w her ei n, ne verthe l es s , I w i ll be c a re f u l no w a y s t o pre ve nt
o r di s co v er t he e vid en c e o f t he n e x t d a
y . I n thi s m y l o rd ch a n
-

ce llo r a n d I h a v e l ik e w i s e u s ed a poi nt o f pro vide nc e ; fo r I did

f o r ec a s t , th a t if in th a t na rra ti v e , by t he co n nectio n o f t hi n gs,
a n t hi u
y g s h o u ld b e s a /t e
p n t ha t s hou ld s how hi m g u il t , s he
y m i g ht
br ea k fo rth i nto p a s s io na te prote s ta tio ns f or his clea r i ng w hich ,
m m
th o u g h it a y be j u s tly a de l ight o f, y et it is better a v oid ed ;
m
th er ef or e, y l ord ch a nce ll or a nd I h a ve de vi s ed , th a t u po n t he
-

e ntr a n c e i nto th a t d ec la r a t io n s he sh a ll , i n r esp ect of her wea k

ne s s , a n d not t o a d d
f u r t her
q h ct i on , b ew it hd r a wn I n a p a per

m m
.

o f q u e s ti o n s fo r t h e a na e e t f the e a r l s tri a l , i n B a co n s

g n o

m
h a n d w riti ng , it is s u gges ted , W he t her , if y l ord o f S o e r set m
s ho u l d b r e ak
f ii r t h i nt o a n
y p s e e ch
of t a x i n
g t he k i n
g, h e be n ot
pr es ently b y the l ord ste w a rd to be i nterru pted a nd s i l en ced ;
-

a n d , if he per s i s t , he b e n o t to be to l d , th a t if he t a ke th a t co u rs e ,

he is t o b ew i t hd r a wn , a n d ev id ence t o b eg iven i n his a b s en ce It
m m m
.

u s t be ob s er ved , th a t there is no i n ti a tio n th a t S o er s et ha d

m
ev er thre a t e n ed t o s a ve hi s e l f by a cc u s i n g the ki ng , s o th a t the
f ea r o n t ha t he a d m u s t h a v e a ri s e n f ro mm so m
e gre a t i s g i v i ng on
the p a rt o f the l a tter .
 THE KING S FEA RS

. 235

S ir G e or ge M oor e ha d bee n a ppoi nted l ie u te na nt o f the T o w

er w hen S o ers et w a s co m mm
itt ed , a n d i n his fa i ly h a v e bee n m
p r e se r v e d t h e a u togr a ph l etter s w hich the k i n g a ddre ss ed to hi m
du r i ng the prep a r a ti o ns fo r the tri a l "t
F ro the s e w e s ee ho w m
m
.
,

a nx i o u s l y J a e s w a s a cti ng in the v ie w s e xpre ss ed in the a bo ve

extr a ct s fro m
B a co n s l etter s

I n t h e r s t o f the k i ng s l etter s ,

m
.

d a t ed o n the n i nth o f M a y , J a e s s a y s to S ir G eorge M oore ,

As the only con de n ce I ha d in you r hon e s ty m a de m e w ith ,

ou t t he k no w l e d ge o f a ny p u t y o u i n th a t p l a ce o f t r u s t w hich
o u no w po s s e ss s o m
,

u s t I n o w u s e y o u r tru s t a nd s ecr ec y i n a
y
t hin g gr e a tly con cer ni ng m
,

ho n or a n d s er v ice a nd he the n
y
des ires hi mto a d m it in the gre a t e st s ecrec y to his pri s o n er a
r i v a te m s s e n ger w ho w a s t o per s u a d e himto co n fes s
, , ,

p e , O n t h e .

1 3t h o f M a y the ki ng w rite s a g a i n A l tho u gh I f e a r th a t t he

l a st m
, ,

e ss a ge I s e nt to y o u r u nfortu na te pri so ner sh a ll no t ta k e

t he e ff ec t th a t I w i sh it sho u l d y et I ca n no t l e a ve o ff t o u s e a l l
mea ns possibl e t o move himto do tha t w hich is mo st honora bl e
,

for m e a nd his o w n be st Y o u s h a l l th ere fore gi ve h ima s s u

r a n c e in m na m
,
.
, ,

y e t h a t i f he w i ll y e t be fore hi s t ri a l co n f e s s

cl ea r ly u nto the co m mi ssioner s his gu i l ti ne ss o f thi s fa ct I w i ll

,

no t o n ly per for mw h a t I pro m i s ed b y m st m

,

y l a e s s e nger both

t o w a rd hi ma nd his w i fe b u t I w i ll e n l a rge it A ss u re him

,

t h a t I prote s t u po n m m
, ,

y ho nor y en d i n th i s ,t s fo r h is a nd h i s

w i fes good ; yo u w i ll do w e ll l ike w i s e o f y o u r s e l f to c a s t o u t

u n to h im th a t yo u f e a r his w if e s ha ll p le
, ,

a d we a kl
yf or h i s i n n o

nce a n d tha t yo u nd the co m mi ss ioners h a ve yo u k no w not

,

ce

ho w s o m
, ,

e s ecret a s su r a nce th a t i n the end s he w ill co nf es s of

him b u t thi s m u s t o n y be a s fro my o u r s e l f a nd there fore y o u
, , ,

l
mu st no t l et himkno w tha t I h a v e w ritte n to yo u
,

i f he t e
ma i n ob stin a te I de s ire no t tha t yo u sho u l d tro u bl e me w ith a n
,

a ns w er ; fo r it is to n o end a nd n o n e w s is better t hi n e vi l n e ws
In a n other l ett er u n d a ted the ki ng s pe a k s in the sa m
, .

e s tr a i n
I t i s ea sy to be s ee n tha t he w o u l d thre a t e n m
, , ,

a nd a dd s

e w ith
l a y in g a n a sper s io n u po n m e o f bei n g in s o m
, ,

e s ort a cce s s ory to

his c ri m e a nd in a fo u r th w hich a ppe a rs t o h a v e been w ritte n
ea rly o n the m orni ng o f the tri a l J a m e s ga v e s o m
,

e c u rio u s di
,

r ectio ns w h a t s ho u l d be do ne w ith the e a r l in c a s e he re fu s ed t o

a ppe a r s th a t S o m
,

t the tri al I t er s et did n o t b el ie v e th a t t he

g o o
k i ng w ou l d a ll o w h imt o be bro u g ht to a p u b l ic tri a l
.

T he s e l etter s to S ir G eorge M o ore fu r n i s h a s tri k i ng co n r

ma tio n o f S ir A ntho ny W e l do n s na rra ti ve o f w h a t took pl a c e on

T he
y
ar e no w at Losely, in Su r r ey, a nd w er e p r int ed in K e p s m '
Los ely
Pa p er s .

2 34 S O RC ERY A ND M AGIC .

t oo fa r , a nd p er ha p s w ork co nt r a r y t o his m aj es t
y

s e n d s Th ose
m m
.

w hi c h o c c u r t o t n e a r e y L ord l l a y , y L o rd B u r l e i h
g , o f E ng l a n d

1 t n ea n a nd S i r R o b er t C a rr e O n M a y 5 t h , B a c o n w rite s to

m
.
.

V i ll i ers a ft er s t a t i ng h is o p i nio n th a t the r es u s ci t a tion o f So

m mm
,

er s et s fo r t u n e w o u l d b e i po l itic : B u t yet t he g l i eri ng of

t h a t w h i c h t he k i ng h a t h do n e t o other s , b y w a y o f t a l k t o hi , m
ca n no t hu rt , a s l co nc ei ve ; b u t I w o u l d n o t h a v eth a t p ar t o f t he

m es sa g e a s f ro m t he ki ng , b u t a d ded b y the m e ss e n ger as fr o m

m
hi s elf m
T he ti e I w i s h t o be the T u e s da y , b e i n g the even
o f his l a d y s a rr a i g n

m en t ; fo r , a s h is m a e s ty r s t c o n cei ved, I
j
m
w o u l d n o t h a v e it s t a y in h is s to a ch t o o l o n g , l e s t i t s o u r i n t he

di g es t i o n H e w a s , i n fa ct , to b e t a ke n b y s u rpri s e, a nd not
m m
.

l eft t i e fo r c a l re fl ectio n S e v er a l oth er l e t ter s a n d p a pers of

m m m
.

B a c o n c o nt a i n s i i l a r i nt i a t io ns ; a nd it a ppe a r s fro o ne, that

w hi l e t he c o u n t es s a n d her hu s b a nd w ere k ept per f e ctly in the

s ecr et a s to w h a t co u r s e the other w a s p u r su i n g , o r w ha t evi
d ence exi s ted a g a i ns t t h eo t h er , they w ere s ti ll pl a y ed o ff a ga i nst
e a c h ot her Ba c o n s a y s , o n the te nth o f M a y, I t i s tho u ght

m
.

t ha t a t t he d a y o f her tri a l the l a dy w i ll co nfe ss t he i n dic t ent ;

w hic h, i f s he d o , no ev i d ence o u gh t to be gi v e n B u t bec a u se
m m
.

it s h a ll no t be a d u b s ho w , a nd fo r his aj e s ty s ho no r in so

m m
s o l e n a n a s s e b ly , I p u rpo s e t o m a ke a de c l a r a tio n o f t he r o
p
ce ed i ng s o f t hi s gr ea t w ork o f j u stic e , fro m the begi n n i n g t o t he
en d , w her ei n , neverthe l es s , I w i ll b e c a re fu l no w a y s t o pre v e nt
o r di sc o v er the e vid en c e o f t he ne x t d a
y . I n thi s m
y l o rd ch a n
-

c ell o r a nd I h a v e l ike w i s e u s ed a poi n t o f pro vide nc e ; fo r I did

fo r ec a s t , th a t if i n th a t n a rr a t i ve , b y the co n necti o n o f t hi ngs,

a n t hi n
y g s h o u ld b e s o k e
p n t ha t s hou l d s ho w hi m g u il t
y , s h e m i g h t
br ea k fo r t h i nto p a s s io na te prote s ta tio n s f or his clea r i ng ; w hich,
m m
t ho u g h it a y be j u s tly a de l ight o f, y et it is bette r a v oi d ed ;
m
th er ef or e, y l ord ch a nce ll o r a nd I ha v e de vi s ed , th a t u po n the
-

e ntr a n ce i nto th a t d ec l a r a ti on s he sh a ll , i n r esp ect of her wea lt

ne s s , a n d n ot t o a dd r a l i ct i on , b e w it hd r a w n I a p a per
f u r t he
n
m m
.

o f q u e s ti o n s fo r t h e a na e e t f the e a r l s tri a l , i n B a co n s

g n o

h a nd w riti ng , it is s u gges ted , W hether , if y l ord o f S o e r set m m

s ho u l d b r e ak
f o r t h t l t l l) a n
y p s eec h of t a x i n
g t h e h i n
g ,
h e be n o t
pr es ently by the l o rd s te w a rd to be i nterru pted a nd s i l en ced ;
-

a n d , if he p e r s i st , he be no t to be to l d , th a t i f he t a ke th a t co u r s e ,
he is t o b e w i t hd r a w n , a nd ev i d en ce t o b eg iven i n hi s a b s en ce
It
m m m
.

u s t be ob s er ve d , th a t there is no i nti a t io n th a t S o er s et ha d
m
ev er t hre a t e ned to s a ve hi s e l f b y a cc u s i n g the ki n g , s o th a t t he
f ea r o n t ha t he a d m u s t h a ve a ri s e n fro m mso m
e gre a t i s gi v i ng o n
the p a rt o f the l a tter .
 THE KING S FEA RS

. 235

S ir G eo r ge M oore ha d bee n a ppoi nted l ie u te na nt o f the T o w

er w h en S o ers et w a s co m mm
itt ed , a n d in his fa i ly h a ve bee n m
p r es er v ed t he a u togr a ph l etter s w h ich t he ki n g a ddre s s ed to hi m
du r i ng the prep a r a ti o ns for the tri a l t
F ro the s e w e see ho w m
ly J a m
.
,

i
a nx o u s e s w a s a cti n g in the v ie w s e xpre s s ed in the a bo ve
ext r a ct s fro mB a co n s l etter s I n th e r s t o f the k in g s l etter s

da t ed o n the n i n th o f M a y J a m
.
,

e s s a y s to S ir G e o rge M oore
A s t he o nly co n de nce I ha d in y ou r hone s ty m a de m
, ,

e w ith ,

ou t t he k no w l edge o f a ny p u t y o u i n th a t p l a ce o f t ru s t w h ich
o u no w po ss e ss s o m
,

u s t I n o w u s e y o u r tr u s t a nd s ecr ec y i n a
y
t hin g g re a tly co ncer ni ng m
,

ho n or a nd s er v ic e n d he the
y a n
des ire s hi mto a d m it i n the gre a t es t s ecrec y to his pri s o n er a
r iv a t e m s s e n ger w ho w a s to per s u a de him
, , ,

e to co nfes s O t h e
p , n .

1 3t h o f M a y the k i ng w rite s a g a i n A l tho u gh I fe a r th a t t he

l a st m
, ,

e ss a ge I s e nt to y o u r u nfortu na te pri so ner sh a ll no t t a k e

t he eff e c t th a t I w i s h it sho u l d y et I ca n no t l e a v e o ff t o u s e a l l
mea ns po s s ibl e t o mov e himto do tha t w hich is mo st honor a bl e
,

fo r m e a nd his o w n be st Y o u sh a ll th ere fore gi ve h ima s s u

r a n c e in m na m
, .
, ,

e th a t if he w i ll y et be fore hi s t ri a l co n fe s s
y
a r ly u nto the co m mi ss ioners his gu il ti ne ss o f thi s fa ct I w i ll
,

cl e

no t o n ly per for mw h a t I pro m i s ed b y m a st m

,

y l e s s e nger both

t o w a rd hima nd his w i fe b u t I w i ll e n l a rge it A s s u re hi m

,

t h a t I prote s t u po n m m
, ,

ho n or e n d i n thi i fo r his a nd his

y y s s ,

w i fes good ; yo u w i ll do w e ll l ike w i s e o f y ou r s e l f t o c a st o u t

u nt o h im th a t yo u f e a r his w if e s ha ll p le
, ,

a d we a kl
yf o r hi s i n no

nce a nd th a t yo u nd the co m mi ssioners h a ve yo u k n o w not

,

ce

ho w s o m
, ,

e s ecret a s su ra n c e th a t i n the end s he w ill co nf es s of

him b u t thi s m u s t o n y be a s fro m
, , ,

y o u r s e l f a nd there fore y o u
l
mu st no t l et himknow th a t I h a v e w ritte n to yo u
,

if he r e
ma i n obstin a te I de s ire not th a t yo u shou l d tro u bl e me w ith a n
,

a n s w er ; fo r it is t o n o e nd a nd n o n e w s is better t hi n evi l ne ws
In a n other l etter u n d a ted the k i ng s pe a k s in the s a m
, .

e s tr a i n
I t is e a sy to be s ee n th a t he w ou l d thre a t e n m
, , ,

a nd a dd s e w ith
l a y i n g a n a s per s io n u po n m e o f bei n g in s o m
, ,

e sort a cce s s ory to

his c ri m e a nd in a f o u rth w hich a ppe a r s to h a v e bee n w ritte n
ea rly o n the m or ni ng o f the tri a l J a m e s ga v e s o m
,

e c u rio u s di
,

r ectio ns w h a t s ho u l d be do ne w ith the e a r l in c a s e he re f u s ed t o

a ppe a r s th a t S o m
,

t o the tri a l I t er s et d id n o t b el ie v e th a t t he
g o
k i ng w o u l d a ll o w himto be brou ght to a p u bl ic tri a l
.

T he s e l etter s to S ir G eorge M oore fu r n i s h a s triki n g con r

ma tio n o f S ir A ntho ny W e l do n s na rra ti ve o f w ha t took pl a ce on

The ar e no w at Losely, in Su r r ey, a nd wer e p r int ed in K e p s m '

Los ely
Pa p er s .
y
23
H S ORC ERY AND M AG IC .

t oo fa r , p erha ps w ork cont r a r y t o his m

an d aj e st y s end s Those

w hi c h o c c u r t o m ea r e m m
.

y L ord l l a y .

y L o r d B u r l ei g h o f En g l a n d
I m
, ,

ea n a nd S ir R o bert C a rr e O n M a y 5 t h Ba c o n w rites t o
V i ll i ers a ft er s t a t i ng his opi nio n th a t t he r es u s cit a t io n o f So m
. .
,

er s et s fo r t u ne w u l d b e i m m m
,

o l itic : B e h e l i eri f
'

p u t y t t g n
o
g o

th a t w hi c h t he k i n g h a t h d o ne to others b y w a y o f t a l k t o him , ,

c a n no t h u rt a s I co nc ei ve ; b u t I w o u l d n o t h a v e t ha t pa rt o f t he

mes sa g e a s fr o mt he k i ng b u t a d ded by the me ss e ng er a s from

,

T he ti m
,

h nns el f e 1 w i s h t o be the T u e s d a y b e i n g t heeven

o f his l a d y s a r r a ig m fo r a s h is m
,

a e s ty r s t c o n cei ved I
j

nc nt

w o u l d no t h a v e it s t a y i n h is s to m
, ,

a ch too l o n g l e s t it s o u r in t he ,

d ig es t i o n l I e w a s i n fa ct t o be t a ke n by s u rpr i s e a nd not
l eft t im e fo r c a l mre fl ec ti o n
.
, , ,

S e v er a l other l e t ter s a n d p a pers of

Ba c o n c o nt a i n s i m i l a r i nt i m a tio ns ; a nd it a ppe a r s f ro mo ne that
.

w hi l e t he c o u n t es s a n d her h u s b a nd w ere k ept per f e ctly in t he

s ecr et a s to w h a t co u r s e the other w a s p u r s u i n g o r w ha t evi ,

d enc e ex i s t ed a g a i ns t the other the y w ere s ti ll pl a y ed o ff a ga inst ,

e a c h o t her B a c o n s a y s o n t he te nth o f M a y I t i s thou ght

th a t a t t he d a y o f her tri a l t he l a dy w i l l co nfe ss the i ndictm
.
, ,

. e nt ;
w h ich if s he do n o e v id enc e o u ght to be gi v e n B u t be ca u se
it s h a ll no t be a d u m b s ho w a nd fo r his m
.
, ,

a je s ty s h o no r in so

s o l em n a n a ss em b ly I p u rpo s e to m
,

a ke a de c l a r a t io n o f the
p r o
ed ing s o f t hi s g r ea t w o rk o f j u stic e fromthe begi n n i n g t o t he
,

ce ,

end w her ei n ne v erth el es s I w i ll be c a re fu l no w a y s t o pre v e nt

s m l o rd
, , ,

o r di s c o ver t he e vid en c e o f t he n e x t d a I n thi ch

y y a n .

c ello r a n d I h a ve l ike w i s e u s e d a poi nt o f pro vide nc e ; fo r I did

fo r ec a st th a t if i n th a t n a rr a t i ve by the co n nec t io n o f t hi ngs
n t ha t s ho u l d s ho w hi m u i l t s he m
, , ,

a n t hin
y g s ho u ld b e s
p /te a
g y ight ,

br ea k fo r t h i nto p a s s io na te prote st a tio ns f or his clea r i ng ; w hich

th o u g h it m u s tly m
,

be j a d e l ight o f y et it is better a v oided ;

a
y
th er efo r e my l o rd ch a nce ll or a nd I ha ve de vi s ed th a t u po n t he
,

-
, ,

e ntr a n ce i nt o th a t d ec l a r a ti o n s he sh a ll i n r esp ect of her wea k ,

ne a nd n o t t o a d d r a l i ct i o n b e w it hd r a w n I a pa p e
ss
f u r t he
n r
o f q u e s tio n s f o r t h e m
,

a n a ge m
.
,

e nt o f the e a rl s tri a l in B a con s

h a n d w riti ng it is s u gges t ed W he t her if m of S om

,

, y l,ord er se t ,

s ho u l d b r e ak
H l lt i n t o a n e e ch o
f t i t h e k i n he be n t
'

y p s o
a x n
g g ,

pr es ently by the l ord s te w a rd to be i nterru pted a nd s i l e n ced ;

-

a n d if he p er s i s t he be n o t t o be to l d th a t if he t a ke th a t co u r s e
, , , ,

he is t o b e w i t hd r a w n , a nd ev i d en cet o b eg iven i n hi s a b s ence It
m m m
.

u s t b e ob s er ve d , th a t there is no i nti a tio n th a t S o er s et ha d

m
ev er thre a t en ed to s a v e hi s e l f b y a cc u s i n g the ki n g , s o t h a t t he
f ea r o n t ha t he a d m
u s t h a ve a ri s e n fro so e gre a t i s gi v i ng on m m m
t he p a rt o f the l a tter .
 TH E KING S
FEARS . 235

S i r G eo r g e M oo re ha d bee n a ppo inted l ie u te na n t o f the T o w

m
er w hen S o e r s et w a s co mm
itted , a n d in h is fa i ly h a v e bee n m
p r e s e r v ed the a u to gr a ph l etter s w hich t he ki n g a ddre s s ed to hi m
d u r i n g t he prep a r a ti o ns fo r the tri a l

F ro the s e w e s ee ho w m
ly J a m
.
,

i
a nx o u s e s w a s a cti ng in the v ie w s e x pre s s ed in the a bo ve
extr a ct s fro mB a co n s l etter s I n th e r s t o f the ki n g s l etters

da t ed o n the n i nth o f M a y J a m
.
,

e s s a y s to S ir G e o rge M oore
A s t he o nly co nde n ce I ha d in y ou r ho n e s ty m a de m
, ,

e w ith ,

ou t t h e k no w l edge o f a ny p u t y o u i n th a t p l a ce o f t ru s t w hich
o u no w po s s e s s s o m
,

u s t I n o w u s e y o u r tr u s t a n d s ecrec y i n a
y
t hin g g re a tly co n cer ni n g m
,

ho n or a nd s er v ic e a nd h e the n
y
des i r e s hi mt o a d m it i n the gre a t es t s ecr ec y to h is pri s o n er a
r i v a te m s s e nger w ho w a s to per su a de h imto co n fe s s
, , ,

p e , O n t he .

1 3t h o f M a y the ki n g w rite s a g a i n A l tho u gh I f e a r th a t t he

l a st m
, ,

e s s a ge I s e n t to y o u r u nfort u n a te pri s o ner sh a ll no t t a k e

t he eff e c t th a t I w is h it sho u l d y et I ca n n o t l e a v e o ff t o u s e a l l
mea ns po ss ibl e to mo ve himto d o th a t w hich is mo st honora bl e
,

fo r m e a nd his o w n be st Y o u sh a ll there fore gi ve h ima s su

r a n c e in m am
.
, , ,

n e th a t i f he w i ll e t be fore h i s t ri a l co n f e s s
y y
cl ea r ly u nto the co m mi s s ioners his gu il ti ne s s o f thi s fa ct I w i ll
,

no t o nly per for mw h a t I pro m i s ed by m a st m

,

y l e s s e nger both

t o w a rd hima nd hi s w i fe b u t I w i ll e n l a rge it A ss u re hi m
,

t ha t I prote s t u po n m m
, ,

ho n or e n d i n thi s i s fo r hi s a nd hi s
y y ,

w i f e s good ; yo u w i ll do w e ll l ike w i s e o f y ou r s e l f to c a s t o u t

u n t o h im th a t yo u f ea r hi s w if e s ha ll p le
, ,

a d we a kl
yf o r his i nn o

nce a n d tha t yo u n d the co m mi s sion er s h a v e yo u k no w not

,

ce

ho w s o m
, ,

e s ecret a s s u r a n c e th a t i n t he end s he w i ll co nf es s of
him; b u t thi s m u s t o n y be a s fro m
, , ,

y o u r s e l f a nd there fore y o u
l
mu s t no t l et himkno w th a t I h a v e w ritte n to yo u
,

i f he r e
ma in ob stina te I de s ire no t th a t yo u shou l d trou bl e me w ith a n
,

a n s w er ; fo r it is to n o e nd a nd no n e w s i s better t ha n e vi l n ews
I n a n other l etter u n d a ted the ki n g s p ea k s in the s a m
, .

e str a i n
I t is e a sy t o be s ee n th a t he w o u l d thre a t e n m
, , ,

a nd a dd s e w ith

l a y i ng a n a s per s io n u po n m e o f bei ng in s o m
, ,

e s ort a cce s s ory to

his c ri m e a n d in a fo u r th w hich a p pe a r s to ha v e bee n w ritte n
e a rly o n the mor ni ng o f t he tri a l J a m e s ga v e s o m
,

e c u rio u s di
,

rectio ns w h a t s ho u l d be d o n e w ith the ea r ] in c a s e he r efu s ed t o

a pe a r s th a t S o m
,

o t o the tri a l I t er s et did n o t be l ie v e th a t t he

g p
k i ng w ou l d a ll o w h imto be brou ght to a pu bl ic tri a l
.

T he s e l etter s to S ir G eorge M oore f u r n i s h a s triki n g co n r

ma tio n o f S ir A ntho ny W e ldo n s na rra ti ve o f w ha t took pla ce o n

a r e no w Losely, in Su r r ey, a nd wer e p r int ed in K e p m '

Losely
" They at s
I pe
a r s.
"
248 S OR CERY AND M A GI C .

t he cri m e o f high tre a s o n a nd she w a s co nde m

,
ned t o b e b e hea d
ed a nd the n b u rnt her ho u s e t o be r a z ed to the gro u n d a nd a ll
, , ,

her b lood s tr u ck w ith i nc a p a city

T he m a r ch a l e d A n c r e e x pected th a t the u t m
.

o s t s e v erit y she
ha d t o e xpect w a s b a ni sh m e nt a nd co n s c a tio n o f her property ,

a nd w he n s he h ea rd her s en te n ce s he w a s stru c k w it h the u t

mo st a stoni sh me nt cried o u t repe a tedly in her di s tre ss O ime

,

a nd dec l a r ed i n a rre s t o f j u dg m
, ,

o vr e tta e nt th a t s he w a s w ith
p
chi l d T hi s p l e a ho w e v er she i mm edi a te ly retr a cted ; a nd
w he n sh e w a s l ed to e x ec u tio n o n the 8 t h o f J u ly s he s u b m
.
, ,

itt ed
t o her fa te w ith r m
,

ne ss a nd re s ig na tio n The fu r y o f the Pa

r i s ia n m
.

o b h a d it s e l f a b a t ed a nd the h a ted I t a l i a n fa v or ite b e

cam e o n the s c a ff ol d a n obj ect o f ge n er a l co m mi s er a tio n
,

C H A PT ER X XI .

LO U I S G A U F R I DI .

TH E be l ie f in w itchcr a ft w a s a t th i s ti m e tu r ned t o a new p u r

o s e b y the R o m i sh prie s thood T he y h a d lon g c l a i m ed e x cl u
p
ly fo r the ch u rc h o f R o m
.

s iv e e a tr a ns ce nde nta l a u thority a n d

p o w er w hich the y w ere f a i n in their pre s e n t co n te s t w it h the

s t a n t re for m n ded m
,

rote e r s to s u pp o rt w ith pret e ir a c l e s ; a n d t he

p ,

b e l ie f w hich g a i n ed gro u nd i n the l a tt er h a l f o f the s i xtee nth c en

t u ry th a t peop le u nder the i n u e nc e o f w itchcr a ft w ere po s s e s s ed
w it h de m o ns i n the s a m e ma nner a s the de m
,

o ni a c s o f the New
T e s ta m e nt w a s t o o fa v ora b l e t o their p l a ns t o be n egl ected
Perh a p s a gre a t nu m
, .

ber o f the c a th o l ic c l ergy b el ie v ed c o ns c i

en t io u sly in the re a l ity o f the s e po s s e ss io ns b u t in the m ore t e
ma rk a b le c a se s w hich h a v e bee n chro nic l ed the p a tie nts w er e
,

e v ide ntly per s o ns t u to r ed fo r the occ a sio n a n d u po n the e vide n c e

o f s u ch peop l e m en o f ch a r a cter w ere h u r ried t o the g a ll o w s o r
'

t h e s t a ke
T here w ere m
.

a ny o f the s e prete nded c a s e s o f ob s e ss i o n i n

En gl a n d b u t the y w ere g en er a lly di s co u r a ged b y the c hu rch

a nd w ere in m
, ,

o s t c a s e s d et ect ed a nd e x po s ed I n 1 5 7 5 a w o
ma n o f W e st w e ll in K ent n a med M i ldred Nerrington prete nd
.
,

ed t o he po s s e s s ed a nd a cc u s ed a poor o l d w o m
, , ,

, a n o f the n eigh

b o r ho o d o f h a v i n g s e nt a de v i l i nto her T he a a ir w e n t s o fa r
'

th a t the vic ar o f the p a ri sh w ith a n eighbor ing c l ergym

.
,

, an b e ,
 PO PISH EX O RCISERS . 249

l ieved tha t the y ha d e xpe ll ed the de o n b y t heir pr a y er s , a n d m

p ri nt ed a re l a tio n o f it T h. e ci vi l po w er i n thi s c a s e w a s ore m
e ff ectu a l in e sta b l i shi ng tr u th t h a n the ecc l e s i a s tic a l , fo r the p r e
m
t e nded de o ni a c co nfes s e d be fore t w o j u stice s o f the pe a ce th a t
m
it w a s a n i po stu re ; a nd sh e e xp l a i ned t he w a y in w hic h s he
ha d d ec ei v ed the t w o c l ergy e n m
I n 1 5 7 9 , a W e l ch gi r l , n a ed
. m
El i z a beth O rton, prete nded to fa ll i nto tr a n ce s , a n d s ee v i s io ns ,
w hic h w ere p u b l i shed w ith gre a t s o l e n ity b y s o e R o a n m m m
c a tho l i c prie s t s ; b u t she a l s o w a s detected , a nd a de a p u b l ic m
c o nf e s s io n in C he s ter c a thedr a l T w o y ea r s a fter w a rd , a no t her
m m m
.

c a s e o f prete nded de o ni a c s , in w hich s o e Je s u it s w ere i pl i

ca t ed , w a s s i m i l a rly e xpo s ed I n 1 5 98 , a prote s ta nt c l er gy a n, m
m m m
.

na ed W i ll i a Da rre ll , a de a gre a t n oi s e b y his p retended

m
di s po s s e s s i ng o f de on i a c s in No t t ing ha shir e; b u t hi s pr a ctic e m
a sl o e nded in e xpo su re W ith a v ie w t o s u ch c a s e s w hich w ere
mu l t iply i ng a l a r mi ngly the co nvoc a tion o f the c l ergy in the rst
.
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, pt u po n a ny prete nce w h a ts oe v er either

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o f po s s e ss ion or ob s e s s io n b y fa s ti ng a nd pr a y er to c a s t o u t a ny

de v i l or de vi l s u nder p a i n o f the i m p u t a tio n o f i m

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po s t u re o r co z

ena ge or depo s ition fro mthe m

,

,
i n i s try .

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t r ie s w here the R o m i sh fa ith w a s e s ta b li shed a n d w here t hou gh
ma ny o f the more hone st a nd better i nformed o f the popi sh cl ergy
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r ega rded t he m a t l e a s t w ith s u s picio n t he y w ere e n co u r a g ed b y

t he te a chi n g a nd e x a m
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gre a t e s t a u thoritie s S o l e m n for m s o f i nv oc a tio n w ere co m po s ed

fo r th e p u rpo s e o f e xorc i s i ng the de m ons a n d dri vi ng the ma w a y
.

fro mt heir v icti m

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s ; a nd the s e w ere a s va rio u s a nd a s s u p e r st i

tiou s a s t h e ch a rm s o f t he m a gic i a n s T he gr a n d a u thori t y o n

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t hi s s u bj ect w a s a n I t a l i a n ecc l e s i a s tic o f the s ix tee nth ce ntu ry

na m ed G ero ni m
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o M e ngi w ho p u b l i shed t w o co ll ectio ns o f the s e

exorci s m
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g
monu m the w hip or s cou rge o f de mo ns a nd F u s t is Daemo n u m a
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prep a re fo r his i m porta nt o i c e tre a t s o f t he n a tu re o f the e vi l

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,

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25 0 S O R CE RY A ND M A GIC .

w hol et he d em o ns w er e t o b e co m p ell ed t o gi v e s om e Op en
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v er e d a a ft er d a y w i t h g r ea t p a t i en c e a nd, a bo ve a ll he w a s t o
y
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o ne .
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T h es e doc t ri nes b ec a m
.

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gro u nd w ork fo r ext r a ordi n a r y c a s es o f i ndi v idu a l p ers ec u t io n o f
w hich t he o ne I a mno w goi ng to r el a t e w a s no t t h e l ea s t t e
,

ma rk a bl e .

A t A ix in P ro v en c e t h ere w a s a convent o f U rs u l i n e nu ns
It w a s o ne o f t he poor est o f t he mo na s t ic ord er s o f fema l es for
.
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pri es t s A m o n g t he Ur su l i nes o f A ix t h er ew a s in t hey ea r 1 6 1 0

a y o u ng l a d y n a m
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t o h a v e b een a new co nv er t S he w a s t h e d a u gh t er o f t he s i eu r
d e l a P a l u d e a P ro v en ca l g ent l em
.

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w er e po s s es s ed a nd t he su p erior o f t he pri es t proc eed ed to exor

ci se t h emin a l i t t l e ch a p el b u t t o no p u rpo s e a nd for a fu l l y ear
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t he d em
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o ns co nt i nu ed ob st i n a t e
Am o ng t he m o u nt a i ns a bo u t t hree l ea g u es fro mA ix is t he
.

c a ve o f La S a i nt e B a u m
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e or t h e ho ly c a ver n
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t he s po t d edic a t ed t o t h e t w o p a t ro n s a i nts o f P ro v en c e S t
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im
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xorci s m
.

s u p erior o f t h e pri es t s o f A ix nd i n g his o w n e , s o f no

a va i l a p l i ed t o t he i n qu i s i t or M i ch a e l i b y w ho e dir e cti o n t h e
, p s s ,

t w o p a t i ent s M a gd a l en d e l a P a l u d e a nd Lo u i s e C a p ea n w e re

c a rri ed t o t he S a i nte B a u m e T he d em o n s no w b ec a m em
, ,

. o re

t r a cta b l e a nd t heex orci s er l ea r ned t h a t M a gd a l en w as pos s e

, s se d
 T HE S PIRI TS E X O R CISED .
251

m
b y B eel z eb u b , a nd her co p a ni o n b y a no l ess p otent i p , n a ed m m
Verri n e, w ho co nfes s ed t h a t t h ey ha d t a k en p o ss es sio n o f t he
su ff er er s b y ord e r o f L o u i s G a u fr id i, w ho w a s t he pri n c e a nd
co mm a n d er o f a ll t he m a gi c i a n s i n S p a i n, F r a n c e, E n g l a n d a nd
,

oth er c ou ntri e s , a s fa r a s T u rk e y , a nd w ho h a d Lu ci fer fo r his

m
de o n m
T hi s G a u fr id i w a s a n a t i ve o f t he ou nt a i ns o f P ro v
m
.

enc e, born a t B ea u vez er l s C ol a r et ; he w a s n o w a pri es t a t

M a r s ei ll es , enjoy i ng , it w o u l d a pp ea r , n o v ery good r ep u t a t io n ,
m
es p eci a lly o n a cco u nt o f h is i nt r igu es w i t h w o en , a nd hes ee s m
to h a v e b een a n obj ect o f j ea l ou sy a n d i ll feel i n g a o ng his fel
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lo w c l er g y
-
.

S i s t er M a gd a l en w a s i nd u c ed t o co nfess t h a t w h en she w a s
ver y y o u ng , L o u i s G a u fr idi w a s a f r e qu ent v i s i t er a t her fa t h er s

ho u s e i n t he co u ntry , a nd t h a t o ne da y w h en t h ey w er e in t he
el d s , he l u r ed her a w a y t o a c a v ern a t no grea t d i s t a n c e fro m
m
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her ho e W h en th ey ent er ed t he c a v er n , she s a w a gr ea t

m m m
.

nu b er o f peo pl e, a t w hich sh e w a s a a z ed , b u t her co p a n io n

en co u r a g ed her a nd s a id , T h es e a r e o u r fr i end s , yo u m u st b e

m a rk ed l ik e th e m
S he poor girl w a s i n s u ch a s t o n i sh ent m
m m m
.

th a t s he a d e no r es i s t a nc e, b u t su b itt ed t o b e a rk ed a nd
a b u s ed , a nd th e n sh e r e m
tu r ned ho e, t ell i n g no b o d y , no t ev en her
fa t h er o r m ot h er , w h a t ha d occ u rr ed A ft er t hi s she w a s fr e
m m
.

qu ent ly c a rri ed t o t he eet i n g o f t he w i t ch es , o f w ho s h e w a s

m a d e pri nc e s s , a s G a u fr id i w a s t h eir p ri nc e Al t hou gh she s t i ll
m
.

r e a i ned in her fa th er s ho u s e, h er i nt ercou r s e w ith G a u fr id i

co nt i n u ed , u nt i l she su dd enl y took a fa nc y t o en t er t he c o nv ent

o f t he n u n s o f S t U rs u l a W hen sh e co nsu l t ed G a u fr id i o n thi s
m m
. .

s te p , he ea rnestly di ssu a d ed her fro it , u rged her to a rry , a nd

m m
p ro i s ed to nd her a rich a nd h a n d s o e h u sb a nd ; b u t w h en he
s a w t h a t s he w a s x e m m
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a nd thr e a t ene m m
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b e n o t o n ly u p o n her , b u t u po n a l l t he s i st erhood , a nd t h e co u se
q u e n c e w a s t he v i s i t a t io n u n d e r w hich th e y w er e n o w su ff e ri n
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m m
.

'

S u ch w a s t he s ta t e ent a d e b y M a gd a l e n d e l a P a l u d e to t he
i nqu i s i t or o f t h e S a i nt e B a u e m
m
.

T h e t w o nu ns a rri v ed a t t he S a i nt e Ba u e o n t h e 2 7 t h o f
m m
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pl ea su re in ex erc isi n g t he o f c e o f ex orci st , fo r he co nt i nu ed his
m m m
ex a i n a tio ns a l o s t d a i ly ti ll t he onth o f A pri l fo ll o w i ng On
m
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t hei r r s t a rri va l a t t he co nv ent o f t he H o ly C a v e, t he d e o ns

m
w er e ex t r e ely v io l ent , a nd , irri t a t ed b y t h e p rior s exorci s s ,

m
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they t hr ew t heir victi s i nto vio l ent contortions , r a i s ed t h e u p m
m
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252 S O R C E RY A ND M A GIC .

th emo u t b y a n O p ening o ver t he choi r b u t th ey w er e p r event ed

I n t he co u r s e o f a d a y o r t w o t he exorci s m
.
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s be g a n to p rod u c e
t h ei r eff ec t a n d o n t he 7t h o f D ec em b er V erri ne w ho w a s t he
w ea k er d em o n a nd ha d po s s ess io n o f S i st er L o u i se w a s co m
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se ed G r esi l a nd S o nneill o n Nex t

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o f t he Virgi n M a ry M ea n w hi l e B eelz eb u b w ho p o s s es s ed S i s t er
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s ho e s t h r ew i t a t V er r i n e a nd s t r u c k S i s t er L o u i s e o n t h e h ea d

O n t he 9t h o f D ec em b er t hed em
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n ed V erri n e w i t h p u ni sh m
.
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z ebu b w h en t h ey w er e in h el l t oget h er b u t th a t u nd er circ u m ,

s t a nc e s l ik e t he pr es e n t h e w a s his eq u a l O n t h e l ot h V er
ri ne ent ered i nt o d et a i l s r el a t i n g to t h e p u ni sh m
.
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, , ,

, ,

t h a t w a s t he w a y t h ey t o s s ed a bo u t t he s o u l s o f s i n n er s i n t he
r egio ns b el o w D u ri ng a ll t h es est r a n geproc eedi ngs t he ch u rch
w a s cro w d ed w i t h pi l gri m mu ch ed i ed
.
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s w ho w e nt a w a y

It w a s d ecid ed o n t he 1 2 t h o f D ec em
, .

b er t h a t in fu t u r e w h il e
st exorci s ed a n d q u est io ned t he d em
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o n e pri e on s a n o t h er s ho u l d
co mm
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i t t h eir a n s w er s to w ri t i ng T h es e d epo s i t io n s w ere co l

.

l ect ed a n d pri nt ed s erio u s ly b y t he exorci s er S eb a s ti a n M i cha e

l is w ho s e book m a d e a gr e a t se ns a t io n a nd w ent t hro u gh s eve ra l
It form s a s or t o f co m p end i u mo f tra ns c endent a l di v i n
, ,

edi t io ns
ity ; fo r t he exorci s er dir ec t ed his ex a m
.

i na t ions t o t he exp ress

obj ec t o f ob t a i n i n g a u t h en t ic i nfor m

a t io n o n d i ff e r ent poi nts
r esp ec t i ng w hich do u b t s m ight exi st in t he m i nd s o f C hri s t i a ns
Am o ng o t h er t hi ngs t h e d em o n s t ol d t h emt h a t A n t ichri s t w a s
.

born ; a nd w h en q u est ion ed a s to t he co nd itio n o f S o l o m o n a nd

Neb u cha d nez z a r w h et h er H enri I V (t h en l a t ely d ea d ) w a s
d a n d o n o t h er s i m il a r m
, .

s a ve , at ter s t h ey g a v e r ep l i es w hi c h
,

w er e high ly sa t i s fa ctory t o a ll z ea l o u s c a tho l ic s O n o ne o cca .

s io n B eelz eb u b S pok e w i t h gr ea t bi t t er ness a g a i ns t t he a r t o f

p ri nt i ng c u rs i ng t he i nv ent ors o f it t ho s e w ho ex erci s ed it a nd

, , ,
t he doctor s w ho g a v e t h eir a pp rob a t io n t o t he b ook s ! T hes e
 PR O C EEDING S A G AINST GA UFRIDI . 25 3

m
ex or c i s s , a s I h a ve st a t ed a bo ve, w er e co nt i nu ed t i ll t h e o nth m
m
o f A pri l , 1 6 1 1 ; t he d e o ns a p p ea r to h a v e s u ff e r ed s ev er ely
u nd er t he co m
pu l s io n b y w hich s u ch co nfes s io ns w er e ex t orted ,
a nd f ro mm m
ti e t o ti e th ey b ec a e r eb ell io u s , a nd ho w l ed a nd m
s hou t ed i nvoki ng o t h er d em o ns t o t h eir a s s i s t a n c e!
T he p ri es ts w ho co nd u c t ed thi s a ff a ir s eema l m
,

o s t to h a ve l o s t
s i g h t o f L o u i s G a u fr id i in t h eir a nxi ety t o co ll ec t t he
,
se im port a nt
evid en c es o f t he t r u e fa i t h I t w a s n o t t i ll to w a rd t he c l o s e o f
.

w i nt er t h a t t he r ep u t ed w i z a rd w a s a g a i n t ho u gh t o f A w a rra nt
w a s t h en ob t a i ned a g a i n s t hi m a n d he w a s t a k en i nt o c u stod y
.

, ,

a nd co n ned in t he pri s o n o f t h e C o n ci e rg eri ea t M a r s ei ll es O n

t he 5 t h o f M a rch he w a s fo r t he rs t t i m
.

e co n fro n t ed w i t h S i s ter
M a gd a l en b u t w i t ho u t prod u ci n g t he r esu l t a nt icip a t ed b y his
p er s ec u t or s L i t t l e i nfor m
,

a t io n is gi v en a s t o t h e su b s e q u ent
p roc eedi ng s a g a ins t him b u t he a p pea r s t o h a v e b een t r ea t ed
.

w i t h gr ea t s ev eri t y a n d t o h a ve p er s ev er ed in a s s erti n g h is i n
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n oc enc e on w i t hi n her
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a t i n f c e r t i n rk o n his bod y w hich h a d b e en

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p l a c ed t h er e by t he evi l o n e a n d o n s ea rch t h ey w er e fo u nd ex
,

a ct l a s de crib e d I t i s n o t t o b e w o nd e r ed a t i f a ft er t h e ia
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t er c o u r s e w hi ch ha d exi s t ed b et w een t h em S i s t er M a gd a l en
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w er e a b l et o g ive su ch i nfor m
,

a t io n S t i ll G a u fr id i co n t i nu ed u n
n a n d he m
.

sha k e ,
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, r ,

eve t h e 2 6t h o f M a rch 1 6 1 1 a fu ll a v o w a l o f his g u i l t w a s

d r a w n fro mhim w e a r e n o t t o l d t hro u gh w h a t m
, , ,

,
ea ns by t w o ,

c a pu chi n s o f t he co n v ent o f A ix t o w hi ch p l a c e he h a d b een ,

tr a ns ferr ed fo r his t ri a l A t t he b eg i nn i n g o f A pri l a no t h er w it

n ess t he d em oi s el le Victo ir e d e C o u r b ier c a m
.
,

,
e for w a rd to d e
,

po s e t h a t she ha d b een b ew i t ch ed b y t he r enega d e pri est w ho

ha d obta i ned her l o v e b y h is ch a r m s a nd he m
,

a d e no obj e
,
ctio n
t o t h eir a ddi n g t hi s new i n cid ent t o his co nfess ion .

G a u fr id i a ck no w l edg ed t he t r u t h o f a ll t ha t ha d b een s a id b y
S i s t er M a gd a l en or b y h er d em o n H e s a id t h a t a n u nc l e w ho
h a d di ed m ft himhis book s a nd th a t o n e
.
,

a ny y ea r s a g o h a d l e , ,

d a y a bo u t ve or s ix y ea r s b efo r e his a rr es t o n t hi s a c cu s a t io n
h e w a s l ooki ng t h emo v er w hen h e fo u nd a m o ng t h ema v o lu m
, ,

e
of m a gic in w hich w er e s o m e w ri t i n g s in F r en ch v er s e a c c o m
,

, ,

a nie d w i t h t r a n g e ch a r a c t er s H is c u ri o s i t y w a s exci t ed a n d
p s

he b eg a n t o r ea d it w h en to his gr ea t a s t o n i sh m
. ,

ent a nd con s t er
n a t io n t h e d em o n a pp ea r ed in a h u m a n for m a n d sa id to h im
,

W h a t do yo u d es ire o f m e fo r it is y o u w h o h a v e c a ll ed m
, , ,

e
G a u fr id i w a s y o u ng a nd ea s i ly t em
,

pt ed a n d w h en he ha d r e
d fr omhis su rp rise a nd w a s r ea ssu r ed by t he m
, ,

co ve re a nn er
,

22
 '

25 4 so noER Y A ND M A GI C .

a nd conv er sa tio n o f his vi s it er he r ep l i ed t o his o ff er I f you

h a ve po w er t o gi v e m
, ,

e w h a t I d es ir e I a s k fo r t w o t hi n g s ; r st
t h a t I s h a l l pr eva i l w i t h a ll t he w o m
, ,

en I l ik e; s eco nd ly t h a t I
s h a ll b e es t eem
,

ed a nd ho no r ed a bo v e a ll t he p r i es t s o f t hi s co u n ! !

t r y a nd enj o y t he r es p ec t o f m We

en o f w ea l t h a nd ho n or
ma y s ee perh a p s t hrou gh t hes e w i sh es t he rea so n w hy G a u fr idi
.
,

w a s p er s ec u t ed by t he r est o f t he c l ergy The d em on pr om i sed

t o gr a nt hi mh i s d es i r es o n co n d i t i o n t h a t he w o u l d gi v e u p t o
.

h iment ir ely h is
,

bod y s o u l a nd w ork s t o w hic h G a u fr id i
ed exc ep t o nly fro mt he l a t t er t he a d m
, ,

a gr e i ni s tr a t io n o f t he holy
s a cr a m
,

ent t o w hich he w a s bo u nd b y his voc a t io n a s a p ri es t o f

,

t he ch u rch
F ro mt hi s t i m eL o u i s G a u fr id i fel t a n ex t r em
.

epl ea su re i n r ea d
i ng t he m a gi c a l book a n d it a l w a y s ha d t he eff e c t o f bri n gi ng t he
d em o n t o a t t end u po n him A t t he end o f t w o o r t hr ee d a y s t he
,
'

a gr eem ent w a s a rr a ng ed a nd co m
.

p l et ed a nd it h a v i n g b een fa irly
w ri t t en o n p a r ch m
, ,

ent t he p r i es t s i g n ed it w i t h his b l o od T he
t em p t er t o l d hi mt ha t w h en ever he br ea t h ed o n m a id or w o m
, .

an

pr o vi d ed his br ea t h r ea c hed t h eir no s t r il s t h ey w ou l d i m medi

, ,

ly b eco m e d es p er a t ely in l o v e w i t h him H e s oo n m

,

ate a de a

t r i a l o f t he d em o n s g ift a nd u s ed it s o copi ou sly t h a t h eb ec a m

.

i n a sh o rt t i m e a g ener a l obj ect o f a t t r a ct io n t o t he w o m

, ,

en o f t he
di s t ric t H e s a id t ha t h e o ft en a m u s ed hi m s el f w ith e xci t i ng
t heir p a s s i o n s w h en he ha d n o i nt en t io n o f r equ iti n g th em a nd
.
,

he d ec l a r ed th a t he ha d a l r ea dy m a de m
, ,

or e t ha n a t ho u sa nd
Vi ct im s
.

A t l eng t h he t ook a n ex t r a or d i na ry fa nc y t o t he y o u n g M a g
d a l en d e l a P a l u d e ; b u t he fo u nd her di ffi c u l t o f a p p ro a ch o n
a c co u n t o f t he w a t c hf u l nes s o f he r m o t h er a nd he o nly o ver c a m e
t he di f c u lt y b y br ea t h in g o n t h e m
,

o t he r b efo r e h e s ed u c ed t he
d a u g ht er H e t h u s g a i n ed his p u r po s e t ook t he gir l t o t hec a ve
in t he m r s h e ha d a l r ea dy d es cri b ed a nd b ec a m e so m
.
,

a nn e u ch
d t o her t h a t h e o ft en r ep ea t ed his c ha r mo n her to m
,

a t t a ch e a ke

her m or e d evo t ed in her l o v e T hr ee d a y s a ft er t h eir r s t v i s it

t o t he c a ve he g a v e her a fa m il ia r na m ed Es m
.

o de s F i n di ng
h er no w p er fec t ly d evo t ed t o h is w i ll h e d et er m i n ed t o m
, .

a rry
her t o B eelz eb u b t he pri nc e o f t he d em
,

o ns a nd she r ea di l y
He im medi a t ely c a ll ed t he d emon
, ,

a g r eed t o h is p r opo s a l

p r i n c e w ho a pp ea r ed i n t he for mo f a h a nd s o m e g ent l em
.

an ;
b a pt i s ma nd C hri s tia n i t y s i g ned
,

a n d s h e t h en r e n o u nc ed he
'
r

t h e a g r eem ent w i t h h er b l ood a nd r ec ei v ed t h e d em on s m

,

a rk

W hen t he book o f m ments w hic h

, .

a gi c a n d t he v a rio u s a gr ee
,

G a u fr id i s a id he ha d pr es er v ed w er e s o u g h t fo r t h ey w er e not
, ,
 M A GD A LE N DE LA PA LUDE . 255

for t hco mi g ;
n b u t he g o t o v er t h is di f c u l t y b y st a t i ng t h a t he
ha d bu r nt t he o ne, w h en u nd er fea r o f a rr es t , a nd t h a t t he evi l
o n e h a d c a rri e d a w a y t he o t h er s H e d ec l a r ed fu rt h er , t h a t h e
.

ha d ha d i nt ercou rs e w i t h S i s t er M a gd a l en s i nc e she w a s a t t he
m
S a i nt e B a u e; t h a t he ha d o ft en b een a t s a bb a t h s a t t he B a u e m
m
d e R o ll a n d , t he B au e d e L o u bi eres , a nd o t h er p l a c es in t he
m o u nt a i ns a bo u t , a n d t h a t t w o o r t hr eet i m es he ha d w i s h ed th a t
t hes e m eet i n g s s ho u l d b e h el d a t t he S a i nt e B a u e m O nc e t h e
m
.

d ev i l ha d sent hi t o fet ch S i st er M a gd a l en t h enc e, a nd he d e

cl a r e m
d th a t he ha d dr a gged her fro o n e p l a c et o a n o t h er t hro u gh
a ll t he w ood s a ro u nd .

T he p ri est ga v e a n a cco u nt o f t he s a bb a t hs , a t w hich he w a s

a r e g u l a r a tt e n d a nt W h e n h e w a s r e a d y to g o it w a s u su a lly
a t n igh t m
.

he ei t h er w ent t o t he op en w i ndo w o f h is ch a b er , or
m
l eft t h e ch a b er , l ocki ng t he door , a nd p r oc eed ed i nt o t he o p en
a ir T h er e L u ci fer m a d e h is a pp ea r a n c e, a nd t ook h i m
in a n
m
.

i ns ta nt t o t h eir p l a c e o f eet i ng , w h er e t he orgi es o f t he w i t ch es

a nd s orc e m
r er s l a s t ed u su a lly fro t hr ee t o fo u r ho u r s G a u fr id i
m
.

di v id ed t he v ic t i s o f t he ev i l o ne i nt o t hree c l a s s es , t he
m a s u s (p e
q rh a p s t he n o vic e s ), t he s orc er e r s , a nd t h e m
a gici a ns

m m
.

O n a rri vi ng a t t he eet i ng t h ey a ll w or s hipp ed t he d e o n a c

r a l r a nk s , t he m
, ,

c ordi ng t o t h eir s e ve a s u s fa l l i ng a t o n th eir

q
f a c es t he sorc er er s k neel i n g w i t h t h eir h ea d s a nd bod ies hu m
m m
,

b ly b o w ed do w n, a n d t he a g ici a ns , w ho s t ood highest in i

o r t a n c e, o nly k n eel i ng A ft er thi s , t h ey a ll w ent t hro u gh t he
p
m
.

f or a l it y o f d eny i ng G o d a nd t he s a i nt s . T h en t h ey ha d a d ia
b o l ica l s er vic e in bu rl es qu e o f t h a t o f t he ch u rch , a t w hi ch t he
evi l o ne s er ved a s pri est in a v i o l et ch a su b l e t he el eva t io n o f
m
t he d e o n ho s t e w a s a nn o u nc ed b y a w ood en b ell a nd t he s a c
m m
,

ra ent its el f w a s a d e o f u n l ea v e n br ea d T he s c enes w hic h

m m
.

fo ll o w ed res e b l ed t ho s e o f o t h er w i t ch -
eet i ng s G a u fr id i a c
m
.

k no w l edged th a t he t ook M a gd a l en thi t h er , a nd t h a t he a d e

h er s w a ll o w m a g ic a l

ch a r a c t er s , t h a t w er e t o i n cr ea s e her
m
l o v e t o hi ; yet h e pro v ed u nfa i t hf u l t o her a t th es e s a b b a t hs
w it h a m u l ti t u d e o f p e m
rs o ns , a nd a o ng t her est w i t h a pri nc es s
o f F ri es l a n d

T he u nh a p py s or c er er c o n fes s ed , a o n g o t h er m
m m
.

t hi ng s , t h a t hi s d e o n w a s h is co ns t a n t co p a n io n , t li o u g h g en
m
er a l ly i nv i s ib l e to a ll b u t hi s el f, a nd t h a t h e o nly l eft h i w hen m
he enter ed t he ch u rc h o f t he c a p u chi ns t o p er fo r h is r el igio u s m
d u t i es , a nd t h en he w a i t ed fo r h i m o u t s id e t he ch u r ch do o r -

m
.

G a u fr id i w a s t ri ed b efor e t he co u rt o f p a r lia ent o f P ro venc e,

a t A ix H is co n fess io n, t he d ec l a r a t io ns o f t he d e o ns , t he m
m m m
.

a r k s o n his b o d y, a nd o t h e r c irc u sta nc es , l eft hi no hOp e

25 6 S O R CE RY AND MA GIC .

of merc y ; j u dgment w as gi v en a ga i nst h imon t he l a st da y of

A pr il , a n d t he s a me d a
y it w a s p u t in exec u t ion . H ew a s bu r nt
a l i ve

All tru e c a t hol ic s ha d d eri v ed so m d i ca t io n fro mt he

.

u ch e

d ec l a ra t io n s o f t he d em o ns o f A ix t h a t c a ses o f p o s sess io n b e
ca m e m ore fr eq u ent es p eci a l ly a m ong t he n u ns A m
,

ong t he
more rema rk a b l e c a s es w e ma y merely cite t ho s e o f t he nu ns
.
,

o f L o u v i er s in 1 6 4 3 a n d o f t h e nu n s o f A u ss o nne i n 1 662 I
w i ll ho w ever co nt ent m y s elf w i t h o ne m
, , , .

ore na rr a ti v e o f this
c l a ss w h ich is p erh a p s t h e m o st ex t r a ordi na r y o f t h ema ll We
, ,

, .

ar ele ft t o gu es s a t t he r ea s o ns fo r t he p er s ec u tio n o f L o u i s G a u
fr id i b u t o u r nex t ch a p t er w i l l d et a i l a hi s to r y o f w hich t he m o

t ives w er e m
,

or e a pp a r ent .

C HA P T E R XX II .

THE U R S UL I N E S OF L O U DU N .

S O O N a ft er t he p eriod o f t h e p er sec u t io n o f L ou i s G a u fr idi,

th er e w a s in t he t o w n o f L o u du n i n t he a n ci ent pro v i nc e o f A n
j o u a pri es t n a e m
d Urb a i n G r a n d ier a c a n o n o f t he ch u rch t h e r e,
m m
,

a nd a a n w ho w a s a s r e a rk a b l e f o r his l e a r ni n g a nd t a l e nt a s
m
fo r h is h a nd s o e p er s o n a nd co u r t ly m
a n n er s H e w a s bor n
.

to w a rd t he end o f t he s ix t eent h c ent u ry a t Bo u ver e n ea r S a b l ,

a t w hich l a t t er p l a c e his fa t h er , P i e rr e G r a nd ier , ex erc i s ed t he
p ro fess io n o f a no t a ry , a n d his u nc l e, C la u d e G r a nd ier , w a s,
m
l ik e hi s el f, a pri es t Urb a i n G r a nd ier h a d s tu di ed in t h e col
m
.

l eg e o f t he J esu its a t B ord ea u x , a nd di sti ngu i s h ed hi self so

m u ch b
y his a t t a in m
en t s a nd b y h i s e l oq u e n c e t h a t h e b e c a e m
v er y pop u l a r a t L o u d u n , w h e r e he ob t a i ned t w o b ene c es a s a
p r ea cher T hi s exci t ed t he j ea l o u s y a nd h a t red o f his bro t h er
m m m
.

c l ergy , w ho his pro u d a n d r es ent f u l s pirit hi nd ered hi fro

m
co nci l i a t i ng H e s ee s t o h a ve gi ven th e s o e ho l d u pon m m
m m
.

h i b y c ert a i n ir r egu l a r it i es in his l i fe, es p eci a lly b y his fa i l i

a r it i es w i t h t he o t h er s e x , w hich w er e a m
a t t er o f s c a n d a l in t he

t ow n . m
L o u d u n, or eo ver , co nt a i ned a l a rge p op u l a tion o f p rot
es t a nt s , a nd Urb a i n G r a n dier p erh a p s ha d a l ea n i ng t o w a r d
t he m .

B et w een t he y ea r 1 62 0 a nd 1 62 9, Urb a i n G r a nd ier h a d ha d

s ever a l s e m
rio u s qu a rr el s a nd so e la w su its w it h t he cl ergy of
 TH E U RS ULINE S OF LOUDUN . 257

Lou d u n m
A p ri est na ed M ou ni er ha d p u b l i sh ed l ib el s u pon
m m
.

hi , a n d Urb a i n pro s ec u ted a nd ob t a i ned a j u dg ent a ga i n st

m
hi , a n d ex a c t ed t he f u ll p en a l t y w i t h u n feel i ng r igor H e ha d
m
.

ga i n ed a n a c t io n a ga i n s t a no t h er pri est na ed M igno n, a c a no n

o f t he ch u rch o f S t C roix in a m att er re l a t i ng t o a ho u s ew hich
t he l a t t er c l a i m ed a nd he ha d m rso na l enem
.
,

a d e M ig no n his p e y
by t he o ens ive m
,
'

a nne r in w hich he ex u l t ed in hi s d efea t By

di n gs a s t hes e a n d b y his r ea l or r epu t ed a m
.

su ch proc ee o u rs
he ha d g a i ned m n em
, ,

a ny e i es I n 1 62 9 he w a s a cc u s ed b efor e
.
,

t he co u rt o f t h e bi s hop o f P oi t i er s o f s c a nd a lo u s i nt rigu es a nd
even o f h a v ing s ecr et ly i ntrod u c ed w o m
,

en i nt o his ch u rch for

im pro p er p u rpo s es a nd he w a s co nd em ned b y t he o f ci a l to b e

ej ect ed fro ma ll his b ene c es Bu t so m

,

e irr egu l a ri t y h a v i n g
.

b een d i s co ver ed in t h e proc eedi ng s Urb a i n a pp ea l ed a nd o h

t a in ed a d ecr ee o f p a r l i a m
, ,

ent r efer r i ng t he c a s e to t he pr es idi a l

,

o f P oi t i er s a nd he w a s a cq u i t t ed o f t he ch a rg es bro u gh t a g a i ns t

him w hich his a c c u s er s w er e co m

,

p ell ed t o r etr a c t T hi s j u dg
ment w a s d el i v ered o n t he 2 5 t h o f M a y 1 6 31 It incr ea s ed t he
.
,

ex a s p er a t io n o f h is en em
.
,

i es t o s u ch a d egr ee t h a t t he r chb isho p

n d a d vi s ed h imt o q u i t L o u d u n a n d
,

o f B ord ea u x a s Urb a i n s fri e

es t a b l i s h hi m l f in s o m
, , ,

se e o t h er p l a c e o u t o f t he w a y o f his p er
s ec u t o r s . B u t t he a n gry pri es t w a s t o o pro u d a nd r es ent fu l to
l i st en t o c o u ns el l ik e thi s
I n t he y ea r 1 62 6 a s m
.

a ll co nv e
, nt o f Ur su l i n e nu ns h a d b e en
es t a b l i s h ed a t L o u d u n a nd b ei n g very poor t h ey r en t ed a pri
r e a ll o w ed t o s u ppo r t t h em
, ,

v a t e ho u s e a n d w e s el ves b y t a ki n g

a s bo ar d ers a f ew y o u n g l a d ies w ho mt h e
,

y edu c a ted T h eir

dir ec t or o f co ns ci enc e w a s a pri es t na m
.

r s t co nfess or or ed ,

M u s s a u t w ho d ied s oo n a ft er t he a cq u i t t a l o f Urb a i n G r a nd ier

Urb a i n r a t h er i m
,

b y t he pr es idi a l o f P oi t i er s pr u d ent ly b e
ca m
.
, ,

e a c a nd i d a t e fo r M u s s a u t s p l a c e b u t w a s r ej ect ed i t w a s

, ,

a f t er w a rd s a id o n a cco u nt
, o f h is s c a n d a l o u s ch a r a c t er T he .

of c e o f direc t or o f co ns ci enc e t o t he Ur s u l i nes w a s gi ven to his

o l d en em y M i g no n T hi s a ffa ir s eems to h a v e c a u s ed a revi va l
o f a ni m o s iti es w hich m
.

ight o t h er w i s e h a v e s u nk int o obl i vio n .

M ea n w hi l e t he yo u ng s cho l a r s o f t he co nv ent a pp ea r t o h a v e
fel t d u l l in t he co m p a ny o f t h eir t ea ch er s a nd t h ey d et er m i n ed
to am u s e th em l ves w ith fri g h t eni ng t h em F o r t hi s pu rpo s e
,

se

t hey l eft t h eir b ed s by n ight m

.

a d e dr ea d fu l n oi s es a bo u t t he
,

ho u se a n d t ook a d va nt a g e o f s ecr et p a s s a g es a nd p ec u l i a ri t i es
,

th ey ha d d i s co ver ed in t he b u il di ng t o pl a y a v a ri et y o f pr a nk s ,

w hic h th ey l a id t o t he ch a rg e o f t he gho s t o f t he l a t e s piri t u a l

dir ecto r F a ther M u s sa u t T henu ns co m
, . mu nic a ted t hei r terrors
*
22
258 S O R CE R Y A ND MAGI C .

to M u s s a nt e
cc es sor w ho so o n su sp ect ed t he int r i gu e; he
su

s a w to w h a t a d v a nt a g e it m
,

ight b e tu rned a nd ob t a i n ed t hecon ,

d enc e o f t he girl s w ho w er e c a rryi ng it o n H e n o t o nly en

mt o p r o c eed b u t h e soon b rou g ht t he nu ns them
.

c o u r a g ed t h e ,

se l ves t o joi n in h is p l a ns
M i g n o n no w proc eed ed m or e s y st em
.

a tic a lly in i ns tr u c t i ng his

p a t i ent s in t he p a rt s t h ey w er e t o a ct a nd t a u ght th emt o co u n ,

t er f eit a ll t he s tr a ng e po s t u r es a nd co nt or t io ns o f o n e su pp o se d
to b e po s s ess ed H e ga i n ed t he nu ns to his p u rp o s es no t only
b y ho l di ng o u t to th em t h e hop e o f en richi n g a nd gl o r ifyi ng
.
,

th eir or d er b u t b y t ell i ng t h emt h a t th ey w o u l d b e t h e mea ns Of

co nfo u ndi ng a nd p erh a p s co n vert i ng t he nu m
,

er o u s her et ic s in
a n d a bo u t t he t o w n o f L o u d u n a n d h e a s s u r ed t h emt h a t Urb a i n

G r a nd ier w a s hi m
,

se l f a s ecr et h er et ic A s fa r a s w e ca n j u dge
t he m o t ive w hich ha d m
.
,

o s t w eigh t w i t h t he nu ns w a s t he pros
p e ct o f enrichi n
g t h e m s elv e s b y t hi s pio u s fr a u d

a nd t he s u

p erior o f t he co nvent ent er ed w a r m

,

ly i nt o t he d es ign H a vi ng .

pr ep a r ed ev ery t hi n g fo r his pu r po s e M ig no n s en t fo r a bi g ot ed
pri est o f t he n eighborhood o f L o u d u n na m
,

ed P i err e B a r r a
ma n w ho ha d a s s u med t he ch a ra c t er o f a s a i nt t o s u pp ort w hich
, ,

he p er fo r m
,

ed a va r i et y o f ex t r a va g a nci es W i t h t h e a s s i s t a nc e
o f t hi s m
.

a n w ho w a s r e
, joic ed a t t he opport u ni t y o f exhibi t i ng
t he eff ec t s o f his o w n h ol i n es s M i gno n b ega n by exorc i s i n g t he
,

s u p erior a n d t w o o f her nu n s a nd t h e y c a rri ed o n t h eir pro

,

c ee d ing s in gr ea t s ecr et fo r t w o or t h r ee d a y s T h ey t h en eu
t er ed i nt o co m mu nic a t io n w i t h a not h er pr i est w ho bore a ver y
.

i ndi ff er ent ch a r a c t er a n d m a d e him t h eir m

,

es sen g er t o t w o
ma g i s t r a t es w ho mt h ey i nvi t ed t o w i t nes s t he exorci s i n g o f t w o
,

n u ns o f t heco n v ent o f t he Ur s t i l i nes o s s es s e d a s t he y sa i d b y

p
T he rs t exhibi t io n b efo r e t he m
, ,

evi l s piri t s . a gi str a te s to o k

p l a c e o n t h e 1 1 t h o f O c t ob er 1 6 32 B efo r e t he p roc eed i ngs

b eg a n M i g no n i nfor m ed t he m
,
.
.

a gi st r a t es t h a t t h e nu n s ha d b e en
t ro u b l ed fo r s o m et im
, ,

e w i t h a vi s i t a t io n o f sp ec t ra l a p p ea ra nc es
w hi c h ha d end ed in s o m e o f t hemb ei ng po s s ess ed w i t h d em
,

o ns .

H e s a id t h a t t he s u p erior o f t h en u ns w a s po ss ess ed b y t hegra nd

d em o n A st a ro t h a nd t h a t o n e o f t he nu ns w a s in t he po s s es s ion
r d evi l w ho s e na m
,

o f a n oth e e w a s S a b u l o n ; a nd a l t ho u gh t he
nu ns t h em l v es a s he a s su r ed t he m
,

se a gi s t r a t e s w er e to t a lly
i gnor a nt o f t h e l ea r ned l a n g u a ges t h e d em
, ,

ons k new a ll l a n
gu a ges a nd pr efer r ed m
,

a ki n g u s e o f t ho s e w hich w e re no
l o n g er S p o k en T h ey w er e t hen u shered i nto a ch a m
,

. b er w h ere
t he s u p er io r l a in b e d nd M ig n o n n d hi s fe ll o w e xorci t b e
y a ,
a s
a n t he ir p e r t io W h e t h e t i e t r t w t h e p ri e t
g o a n s .n p a n s s a s s
 THE SPIRIT S TALK LA TIN . 25 9

a nd th ei r co mp an ions she a pp ea r ed to b e s ei z ed w i t h d rea d fu l

spa s m am
,

s a nd s cr e ed fea r fu lly b u t u nd er t he h a nd s o f t he ex
or c is t s sh e b e c a me c a l m er a nd M ig no n proc eed ed t o i nt er r og a t e
P r op t er qu a mca u s
,

her s p irit in L a t i n T o his rs t qu es t io n

cmi n r e
.
,

s i n cor p u s hu j u s vir g in i s f w h a t c a u s e di d
g s sa s e
( or

e n t e r t he bod y o f t hi s A s ta ro t h a ns w e r ed w i th
y ou

t he u tm o st doci l ity C a u s a a n im os i t a t i s
(fro m
P er qu a d p a ct u m (b y w ha t
,

s a id M igno n
P er
t he d em
.

ar e s
( b y r e p l i e d o n Q u a le
. s
( w h at o w

er s ) a ske d t he pri est R osa s w a s t h e r ep ly Qu is
m i s i t (w ho s ent t h em
,

co n o m
. .

) U r b a nu s
g e n
( t e ll
u s h i s s u r na m T o t hi s d em mo n r epl i ed w i t h t he
.

e) a n d t he d e

u tm D et ermi n ed to po ss es s a ll t h e

o s t re a di n e ss G r a n d i er
m
.
,

p a r ti c u l a r s t he e
,
xorci s t co nt i nu e d D w qu a l i t a t e
, (t e ll u s h is

p r o f e ss io n ) S a ce r d os
( a s a id t h e s piri t C j
u u s .

cccl e s irz (o f w h a t S a nct z P et r : (o f S t

'

T h en s a id t he p ri est , Qu a: p er s o na a t t u lzt r es (w h a t p er s on a

b ro u ght t he fl o w ers ) to w hich t he i nst a nt r ep ly w a s Dia b o

/
,

li r a (a
W i t h t hi s t he t end ed a n d o f co u rs e t he ex a m i na t io n cou l d
M ig no n t ook t he m
, ,

b e c ar ri ed o n n o l o ng er a gi st r a t e s a s id e

mo n t he ext ra ord i na ry sc en e t h ey ha d
.
,

a nd di s co u r s ed w i t h t h e
w itn es s ed poi nt i ng o u t t o t h emit s r es em
,
b l a n c e t o t he a ffa ir o f
L o u i s G a u fr id i w hich h a d o c c u rred t w ent y y ea r s b efor e The
R om i s h c l ergy in g ener a l s eem ed i nc l i ned t o b el i ev e i m
.

p l ici t ly
in t he p o ss es s io n a nd t he c a p u chi ns sho w ed a p a r t ic u l a r a ni
mo sit y a ga i ns t G r a nd ier T he l a i t y w ere a st o n i sh ed a t t h ese
,

extr a ordi na r y r ev el a t io ns a nd it i s n o t to b e w o n d er ed a t if a
o f th emw e
,

r e at por t io n r e l ed b y t h e pri e st s a nd t h u s ea s i ly
g
a ll i ng in o f t he m
,

p r e j u dic ed a g a i nst t he a c c u s e d T h e c a gi s

t r a t es ha d gi ven t he a ffa i r m or e i m
.

po r t a n c e; t he r st t w o ia
v it e d ha d p rob a b ly b een s el ec t ed a s t ho s e m o st l ik ely t o b e im
po s ed u po n b y pri es t cr a ft T hey w er e a d m i t t ed t o a no t h er
exp eri m ent next d a y (t he 1 2 t h o f O ctob er ) a nd a ft er t he d em
.

,
on
w ho p o ss es s ed t he s u p erior o f t h e c o nv ent ha d b een d u ly exor
c i s ed he r e p ea t ed t he ch a rges a g a i ns t G r a nd ier a d d i ng t h a t he
w a s no t o nly a pri est b u t m a m
, ,

a gici a n O n t hi s o c c a
,
a
g u s
( ) .

s i o n t h e gu i l t y ro s es w e re a sk ed fo r a nd a b u nch o f t ho s e o w
er s w ere prod u c ed a nd bu rn t b efor e t he co m
,

p a n y b u t t o t he
d i s a p p oi nt m en t o f t h ema ll t h ey did no t a s w a s exp ec t ed em
,

, , it ,

a n oxiou s odor u nd er t he a c t io n o f t he r e T he pri ncip a l c iv i l

r s o f t he m
.

o ce u n icip a l i t y n o w i n t e r fer ed a nd o n t he 1 3t h o f ,

Octo b er t he b a i ll i o f t he to w n w ith t he l i eu t ena nt ci vi l t he

, ,
2 60 S O R C E RY A ND MA GIC .

m
l i eu tena nt cri i na l , t he proc u r eu r d u r o i, t he l i eu tena n t a l a pr
v Ot , a nd o t h er o f c er s , w ent t oget h er t o t he co n vent o f t he Ur

s a l ine s I t w o u l d a pp ea r t h a t s o e o f t h es e u n icip a l o f c ers m m

r pro t es t a nt s a n d t he b a i ll i esp eci a lly w a s k no w n a s a m
.

wee , , an ,

o f good s en s e a nd j u s ti c e W h en t h ey a rri ved a t t he hou se

occ u pi ed b y t he n u ns t h ey w er e s ho w n i nt o a w a i t i ng roo m
.

w h er e t h ey w er e l eft a co ns id er a b l e ti m
, ,

e u nt i l M ign o n co nde
nd ed t o m a k e his a p p ea r a n c e a nd i nfor mth e mt h a t t he de
,

sce

men t h a t morni ng ha d refu s ed to a ns w er exc ep t in p ri va t e that

,

t he ex a m
,

i na t io n ha d b een a v er y ex t r a ordi na ry o ne a nd th a t he
w o u l d gi v e t h ema r eport o f it in w ri t in g
,

Urb a i n G r a nd i er pro fes s ed t o d es pi s e t hei ntrigu es o f his eu

em i es b u t he co u l d no t h el p feel i ng a l a r m ed a t t he f or m id a bl e
l ea gu e w hich h a d b een r a i s ed a g a i n st him H ed et er m
,

i ned r st .

to a p ply fo r pro t ec t io n t o t he s pir it u a l po w er a nd he hu rri ed t o

l a y his co m
,

p l a i nt b efore t he bi shop o f P oi t i ers T hi s p rel a te .

,

h o w ever a s w e h a v e s een b efo r e w a s n o t fri en dly t o G r a n d ier

, , ,

w ho co u l d n o t ob t a i n a p er s o na l a u di en c e b u t w a r eferr ed b a c k ,
s

t o t he c i v i l a u t hori t i es fo r r edr es s O n h is r et u a t o L o u d u n '

G r a n d ier w en t t o t he ci v i l co u rt a nd pr es ent ed a f or m
.
,

, a l ch a rge

o f co n s pi r a c y a g a i n s t t he pri e s t M i g n o n ; a nd o n t h e 2 8 t h o f

O ctob er t he b a i ll i i s su ed a p u bl ic ord er o f t he cou rt a ga i ns t t he

calu m
,

n i es o f t he p r i es t s M ignon protest ed ea r n es t l y a ga i nst

t hi s pro c eedi ng a n d t he w ho l e t o w n b ec a m
.

, e v iol ent ly a gi t a t ed
b y t he d i s p u t e b et w een t he pri est s a n d t he ci vi l a u t hori t i es .

T he b a i ll i fo ll o w ed u p his d ecr ee b y t a ki ng a d ec id ed p a rt
.

a g a i n st t he n u n s a nd he g a v e G r a nd i e
, r w a r ni ng o f e ve r y ne w
st e p w hich t h ey t ook T he pri es ts ho w ever n o w s et t he ci vil
.
, ,

p o w er a t de a n c e a nd pr ep a ri ng t o a c t u n d e r t he a u t hority of
t he bi s hop o f P o i t i er s t h ey co nt i nu ed th eir exorci s m
, ,

s o f t he

d toget h er a nu m
,

nu ns a nd h a v i n g co ll ec t e b er o f t he l ea st r ep
nt a b l e m ed ic a l p r a c t i t i o ner s o f t he p l a c e m
, ,

en t h ey k new w ere
w i ll i ng fro mcr ed u l i t y or k na ver y to b e t h eir t o o l s th ey obta ined
,

th eir s igna t u r e t o a s t a t em
,

ent o f t he t r u t h o f t he po s s es s io n Up
d t he pri es t s fro mexorci s i ng
.

o n t hi s t he b a i ll i p u b l i c ly i nhi b i t e

or fu rth er proc eedi ng in t hi s c a s e b u t th ey a g a i n r efu s ed t o se ,

k no w l edge his j u ri s dic t io n

T h ey a c co r d i i i g l y w ent o n exorci s i ng m
.

or e op enly a nd bol dly

th a n ever A no t h er nu n w a s no w fo u nd t o he po s s es s ed a nd
h er d em o n co nfes s ed t h a t he w a s A s m
.
,

od eu s a nd t h a t h e ha d
ve c o m p a n io ns in t he p o s s es s io n o f t hi s s i ngl e vic t i m H e
,

a l s o d ec l a r ed t h a t Ur b a i n G r a n dier w a s t h e m
.

a gici a n w ho ha d

se nt t h e m Thi s occ u rred o n t he 24t h of No vemb er ; o n t he

.
'
 TH E B IS H O P O F PO ITIERS . 26 1

25 t h, t he ci v i l o f c er s , w ho w er e p r esent , i ns i st ed o n tr y i ng t he
m
p reten d ed po w er s o f t he d e o ns t o sp ea k a l l l a ngu a ges , a nd t he
b a i ll i a s k ed t he p a t i ent w h a t w a s t he Hebrew w ord s ig ni fy i ng
w a ter . S he h el d do w n her h ea d a nd m
u tt e m
r ed s o et hi n g ,
w hich o ne o f t he w i t n es s es w ho st ood v er y n ea r h er d ec l a r ed
w as a mer er efu s a l i n F r ench t o a ns w er B u t o neo f t he pri est s ,
.

w ho w a s s u gges t i ng t o her , in s i s t ed t h a t she s a id z a qu a q , w hich

he d ec l a r ed m
ea nt in H ebr ew a q u a m
e u dt

O n a pr e vio u s

o cc a s io n th ey ha d ri s k e m
d a n expo su r e b y a ki ng t he d e o n m
sp ea k b a d L a ti n

T h ey no w , t h er efor e, b eg a n t o b e or e ca n m
m m m
.

t i o ns , a nd c a rri ed o n t h eir ex a i na t io n o f t he d e o n s in a or e
s ecret m a n ne m m
r A t t he s a e t i e t h ey t ri ed t o ga i n t he b a i ll i
m
.

o ver , b u t in v a i n The co n fes s io n s o f t he d e o n s s ti ll t u rned

m
.

a in ly u po n t he d e l i nq u en ci es o f G r a nd ier , b u t t h ey b eg a n a l s o
t o ta l k a ga i n s t t he H u g u en o t s , pro v ok ed n o do u b t b y t h e i ncr e
du l it y o f t he ci vi l m
a gi s t r a t es A s t he l a tt er ha d expo s ed s o e m
m m m
.

o f th eir trick s , a nd ha d gi v e n th e co n s id er a bl e e b a rr a ss ent ,

t he n u ns w er e no w m
a d e t o sa
y in t h eir t s t h a t th e y w o u l d no

l o ng er gi ve a ny a nsw ers in t he p res enc e o f t he b a i ll i o r o t h er

m u n icip a l o f c er s

m
.

T he pri est s n o w a d e th eir a pp e a l t o t he bi sho p o f P oi t i e rs ,

w ho a t l a s t op enly espo u s ed t h eir c a u s e, a nd o n t he 2 8 t h o f No
m
ve b e r he a ppoi nt e d t w o co mmi s s io n ers , t he d ea ns o f t hec a no ns
o f C ha m i
p g n i ,
a n d o f t h e c a n o n s o f T ho u a r s ,
t o ex a i n m
e i n t o t hi s

st ra n ge a ff a ir W i t h t h eir cou nt ena nc e a nd a s si s ta nc e t he exor

m mm m
.

cis s co en c ed a new , a n d w h en , o n t he l et o f D ec e b er , t he
ba i ll i w ent to t he co n v ent , a nd i nsi s t ed u pon b ei ng a d i t t ed t o t he m
m m
ex a i n a t io n, a nd u p on b ei ng p er i t t ed to pu t qu es t ions t o t henu ns
w h en exorci s ed , he w a s r efu s ed b y B a rr , w ho n o w a c t ed a s chi ef
m
exorci s t T heb a i ll i t h en for a lly forb a d ehi t o p u t a ny q u est io ns m
m m
.

t o t he p r et e n d ed d e o ns t endi n g t o d e fa e i nd i v id u a l s b u t B a rr
m er ely rep l i ed t h a t it w a s his i nten t io n to u se his o w n di s cr et io n
in t h i s r es p ect Thep ri es t s ha d n o w ev eryt hi ng a t th eir o w n w i ll ,
.

a nd th e y w ere sa ng u i neo f su cc es s , w h en th eir p l ot w a s d er a nged

m
by t he u nex pect ed a nno u n c e ent th a t t hea rchbi sho p o f B ord ea u x
w a s o n hi s w a y to L o u d u n O n s ever a l occ a s io ns t he pri est s
m m m
.

ha d d ec l a red , t o ex pl a i n s o e te por a ry i nt er i s si o n o f t he t s ,
tha t t hey ha d su cc eed ed in dri v i ng a w a y t he d e o ns , b u t t h a t m
they ha d s u b s eq u ent ly b een s ent b a ck by t he a gic ia n Wh en m
m
.

new s c a e o f t he a p pro a ch o f t he a rchbi shop , t h ey di s a p p ea r ed

m
entir ely , a n d t he nu ns b ec a e qu i et a nd t r a nqu i l S o e pr u
. m
m m?
In a l lu sion t o t heir b a d L a t in, a nd l
t o t hec asse h
s in te schools a w i t of t he
m m
,

Qu eIn (l ia b ledc Lou dt n a ooient t u di qu e qu e

.

day d id ,
'
ni

j a
2 62 S O R C E RY A ND M AGIC .

d ent directions gi v en b y t he a rchbi shop s eemt o ha v e p u t a s t o p

to fu rt h er proc eedi ngs a nd ev en M igno n a nd B a r r let t he m at

t er d r op s o t h a t l i t t l e m
,

,
or e w a s h ea rd o f it .

T he Ur su l i nes w er e no w t he su ff er er s T h ey f ell i nt o gene .

r a l di s cr edi t ; p eop l e took a w a y t h e ir d a u ght er s a nd th ey fel l
i nt o di st r es s T h ey l a id t he b l a m
,

e o f t h eir s u ff eri ng s o n t hei r

dir ec t or M igno n w ho ha d l ed t hemi nto t he exp ecta t io n o f d e
.

ri vi ng grea t p ro t fro mt h eir i m

,

po st u re
B efor e t he em b ers o f t hi s a m
.

e w er e qu it e ex ti nct a n u nex
u m nd l ed t h em A m n g t he p a m
,

p e ct ed circ st a nc e r e ki o p h l et s.

w hich ha d a p pea r ed a g a i n st C a rdi na l R ich el i eu w ho t h en ru l e d ,

t h e d es t i ni es o f F r a nc e w a s a ver y bi t t er sa t ir e ent itl ed in a ll u

s io n t o s o m
, , ,

e l o w i nt r i gu e o f t he c a rdi n a l s co nnec t ed w i t h this

to w n La C o r d o nm r e d eLo u du n M d e L a u b a r d em o n t a crea
t u r e o f t he c a r d i na l w ho a t thi s ti m e h el d t he o f c e o f m
,
. .
,

a s te r of
t he r eq u est s w a s s ent t o L o u d u n in 1 6 33 t o dir ec t t h e d em
,

, ,
ol i ,

tion o f t he c a s t l e o f t h a t p l a c e M i gno n a nd his f ell o w p l ot t ers -

im med i a t ely obt a i ned a n i nt rod u c t io n t o t hi s mini st er a nd they

.

no t o nly r eco u nt ed t o h imt hea ff a i r o f t he nu n s in a m

,

a n n er v e ry ,

di s a d va nt a g eo u s t o U r b a i n G r a nd ier a nd hi s fri end s b u t they

p er su a d ed hi mt h a t Urb a i n w a s t hea u t hor o f t he sa ti rej u s t m
,

en
t io n ed L a u b a rd em ont r etu rned t o P a ri s a nd co m mu nic a t ed
w h a t he ha d h ea rd t o t he c a rdi n a l w h o s el do ms p a r ed t he a u
,
.

thor s o f p ers o n a l a t t a ck s o n hi m
,

s el f w h e n t hey w er e i n h is p o w
er a nd w ho is s a id t o h a v e b een u rg ed o n t o sa cri c e t he cu r e
,

o f L o u d u n b y his co n d e nt i a l a d v i ser t hec el ebra t ed p r eJo s eph

T he r esu l t w a s t h a t L a u b a rd em o nt r et u rned t o L ou du n co m mi s
.
,

, ,

s io ne d b y t he k i ng t o inqu ir e i nt o t he p o s s es s i on o f t he n u ns ,

a nd i n t o t he ch a rg es a g a i ns t G r a n d ie r H e a rri ved a t L o u d u n
w i t h t hi s co m mi ss io n o n t he 6t h o f D ec ember 1 633
.

T he c a s e no w a s su m ed a m u ch m
, .

ore s erio u s cou nt ena n c e

T he d em
.

o ns r et u rned t o t hes i st ers w i t h redo u bl ed fu r y a nd

w i t h a n i ncr ea s e o f nu m
,

b er s a nd n ea rly a l l t he nu ns w ere a t
t a ck ed b y t h em M ign o n a n d h is fell o w p ri est ha d a l r ea d y go t
,
-

s mfo r L a u b a rd em
.

an e xhibi t io n of e xorci o n t b ef or e t h a t f n
u
p u c

t io na r y s d ep a r t u r e fo r P a ri s a n d h e bro u gh t b a ck w ith hima

,

w ri t fo r t he a p pr eh en s io n o f G r a nd ier in w hi ch w ere b l a z o ned

forth a l l t he cri m es w hich ha d ever b een i m
,

pu t ed right l y or ,

w ro n gly t o t h a t i n d iv id u a l Upon t hi s h e w a s t hro w n i nto p ri s

a rch ed fo r m
.
,

o n a nd h is ho u s e s e
, a gic a l boo k s w hich w e re n o t ,

T a l l em a nt d e Re mx w h h pr ese ed s mny necdot es f t his er iod

s i . o as rv o a a o ,

t ell t h t Le C ld y M nt p en ie w h h d t w o d a g h t e s b o a r d in w t he se
'

s u s a ou ra o s r,
g o a u r
un ns i m med i t ely t ook t h ema w y nd ha d t hemw ell w hipped W ht ch heM
m
a
met h d
, a a , .

an e caci o u s o of d r iving ou t t hed e ons.

 PE RSE C UT I O N OF UR B AIN G R A NDIER 2 63

fb nnd m
T w o o nly proo fs a ga i ns t hi , co ns id er ed o f a ny i port m
m m
.

ance, w e re d i s co vered a o ng his pa p ers , s o e F r ench v ers es ,

whi ch a r e ch a r a ct eri z ed in t hep r ocs ver b a l a s b ei n g s a l es et i m
p u di u e
q s a so ewmh a t s tr a n ge a cc u s a t io n in th a t l i ce n t io u s a g e,
b u t they p erh a p s s er ved to corrobor a t e t he s u spicio n t h a t G r a n
di er w a s t he a u hor o f t he l ib el
t o n t h e c rd na l
a i a nd a boo k

w h i c h he ha d w ri t t en , b u t nev er p u b l i s h ed , a g a i ns t t he c el ib a c y
of t h e c l e rgy A t t he b egi nni ng o f t he y ea r a s eri es o f ex a i na m
mm
.

ti o ns w er e t a k en , a nd b ei ng co i t t ed t o w ri t i ng a nd d u ly a t
m
t es t ed , L a u b a rd e o nt c a rri ed t h e m m
t o P a ri s t o l a y th e b efor e
m
t he i n i s t er H et h en r ec ei v ed a n ew co mm m
i ss ion fro t heki n g
m
.

t o a c t a s su p re e j u dg e o f t hi s c a u s e, i nd ep end ent o f a ll o t h er

j u ri s dic t io n w h a t e ve r ; a n d h e r et u r n e d to L o u d u n w i t h t hi s e x
tens i ve po w er o n t he 9t h o f A pri l , 1 634
m m
.

L a u b a rd e ont b ega n b y s el ec t i ng a s j u dges a c erta i n nu b er

of p e m m
rs o ns fro t he l oc a l a gi stra c y w ho w er e o st l ik ely t o b e m
devo t ed to his w i ll , a nd s u ch phy s ici a ns a n d o t h er s w er e cho
se n t o a s s i st in t h e ex a m
i na t io ns a s w er e k no w n to b ea r en i t y m
t o t he a cc u s ed . m m
T he nu ero u s v ic t i s o f t hepr et en d ed p o s s es
sion w er e no w d is t rib u t e d i nt o t w o b a nd s , fo r t he conv eni enc e
of t h e e xorci st s O n t he 2 3d o f A pri l t he su p erior o f t he nu ns
m
.

dec l a r ed t h a t t he d e o ns w ho po s s es s ed her ha d ent er ed her in

m
t he fo r s o f a ca t , a d o g , a s t a g , a nd a go a t O n t he 2 4 t h sh e
m m
.
,

dec l a r ed t h e G r a n d ier ha d t he d e o n s a r k s o n his bo dy On

m
.

b s a u thority o f thi s s t a t e ent , n ex t d a y a s u rgeo n , s el ec t ed a s

L s i ng t he bi t t e m
r est o f his ene i es , w a s s ent t o G r a n dier in his
p ri s o n t o se a rch fo r hi s m a rk s , a n d t he m i se r m
a b l e v ic t i w as
s tri pp ed a nd tr e a te m m
d w i t h extre e i nhu a ni t y H e end ed b y
m
.

d i s c o veri n g , a s he pr et end ed , ve a rk s , or i ns en s ibl e s p o t s

m m
.

The d e o ns w er e no t a l w a y s v er y a cc u r a te in t he i nfor a t io n
t hey g a v e t o t he exorci s t s W h en qu es tio ned a s t o G r a ndier s

m m m
.

b oo k s o f a gic , th e y i ndic a t ed a c er t a i n d e ois elleto w ho he

m
h a d i ntru s t ed th e b efor e his a rr es t , a n d in w ho s e ho u s e t h ey
s a i d th a t t he book s w o u l d b e fo u nd m
L a u b a rd e o nt a n d o t h ers
mm m
.

we nt i edi a tely t o t he ho u s e i n dic a ted , w hich t h ey ex a i ned

m m
f r o t o p t o bott o , b u t t h ey fo u nd n o book s o f t he d es crip t io n o f
t ho se o f w hich t h ey w er e in s ea rch T h ey r etu r n ed , a nd s co l d
m m
.

ed t he d e o ns fo r t h eir fa l s e i nfor a tio n T he l a t t er pr et end ed

m m
.

t ha t a n i ec eo f t hed e oi s ell eha d c a rri ed t h e a w a y a f t er t he ia

m
fo r a tio n ha d b een g iv en . T h ey t h en w ent t o t h e ni ec e, b u t
t hey fo u nd th a t she w a s a t chu rch , a n d t h a t s he ha d b een so o c
cu p ie m
d a l l d a y th a t it w a s i po s s ibl e she cou l d ha vea c t ed a s t he
m
d e ons st a t ed . B u t t heex orci st s w er eno t d i sco u ra g ed by a few
264 S O RCE RY AND MA GIC .

s l i p s l ik e th ese a nd th ey w ere esp eci a lly a cti ve in th eir exa m i

n a t io ns a t t he b egi nni ng o f t h e m o nt h o f M a y S o m
,

e new d e
mon s t h en a pp ea red o n t he s c ene u nder t he na mes o f Ea z a s
.

C erb eru s B eher it & c O t h er s t a t em ent s o f t he d em

, ,

o ns w ere
fo u nd t o b efa l se a nd t he co n s p ira t or s ha d m
, , .

u ch di f c u l t y in co n

m m
,

c ea l i n
g s o e o f t h e trick s th e y e p l o y e d B u t a l l th e s e d ii
d o ver a s m a t ters o f l it t l e m om
.

cu l t ies w er e p a s s e en t
T he ex a m
.

i na tio ns w er e no w exhibi t ed p u b l ic ly in t he chu rch ,

a n d a cro w d o f p eo pl e bo t h c a t ho l ic s a nd H u gu e n ots w er e a l

T he m d so m
, ,

w a ys pr es ent a t t er h a d a l r e a d y cr ea t e u ch s e nsa
tion t hro u ghou t F ra nc e t h a t m op l e o f q u a l i t y c a m e fro m
.

a ny p e ,

P a ri s a nd oth er p a r t s s o t h a t a ll t heho stel ri es in t he to w n w er e

Am
,

ll ed w i t h v i s it er s o ng t he r est w a s Q u i ll et t he co u rt p o et
w ho f ell i nt o t em p ora ry di s gr a c e b y his i m
.
, ,

p ru d enc e o n thi s occ a

s io n . A t o ne o f t he exhibi t ion s S a t a n s p ea ki ng f ro mt hem, , ou t h
o f o ne o f t he s i s te r s thr ea t ened t h a t hew o u l d t o s s u p t o t hec eil
,

in g o f t he ch u rch a ny o ne w ho s ho u l d d a r e t o d eny t h e p o s s es
s io n o f t he nu ns Q u i ll et took himon his w ord a nd w a s not
t o s s ed to t he c ei l i ng b u t he prov ok ed s o m
.
,

u ch t he a n g er o f La u

ha rd em o nt th a t he is s a id t o ha ve fo u nd it a d vi s a b l e to m
,

a ke a

jo u r ney to R o m
,

e O n a no t h er occ a s io n t he d evi l bo a s t ed th a t
h e w o u l d t a k e t he p rotest a nt m
.

i n i ster o f L ou du n in his p u l p it
a nd c a rr y himu t o t h e to p o f t he ch u rch ste e p l e b u t h e di d no t
p
-

m s ta nt m
,

u t h is t hr e a t in e x ec t io n T hi e p rot e i ni t er w
p u s sa s a s

p res en t a t o ne o f t he ex a m
.

i na tio ns w h en t he p ri es ts w ho w er e
a dm i ni st eri n g t he con secr a t ed ho s t to l d himco ntem
, ,

, p tu ou sly to ,

sho w th eir s u p eriori t y o v e r t he H u gu enots th a t he d a red no t p u t

h is n g er s i nto t he m
,

o u t h s o f t he nu ns a s t h ey did H e i s s a i d
he ha d n o fa m
.

t o h a v e r ep l i ed t h a t i l i a rity w ith t he d ev i l a nd
w o u l d n o t pr esu m e t o pl a y w ith h im T he p ri es ts m
, ,

a d e t he

at m n s e a nd m
.

nu n s u tt er a gr e a s s o f no ns e u ch th a t w a s p ro fa n e

T h ey c a u s ed t h emt o sa y m
,

a n d i n d ec e nt . a n y thi ngs irr e ve rent

even t o t ho s e w ho co ndu c t ed t he p ro s ec u tio n w hich w a s co n
y w er ei n u enc ed b y t h em O ne
,

s id e r ed a s pro vi ng ho w l i t t l e t h e

d a y t he d evi l b y t he m
.

o u t h o f o ne of t he si sters c l o s ed t he ex
am i na t io n by d ec l a ri ng M d e La u b a r dem
, ,

ont e s t coca I n t he
eveni ng a s u su a l L a u b a rd em
, . .

ont too k t he w ritten rep ort w ro te

m
, , ,

u nd e r t h es e w ord s a s a a t t er o f cou rs e C e qu ef a t t est e t r s

a n d s i gn ed it w i t h his n a m
,

vr a i e W h en t hed epo s i t io ns w ere
nt to P a ri s t hi s circ u m st a nc ew a s t hes o u rc eo f no l itt l ea m
, .

se u se
ment a t co u rt
,

A s t he tri a l w ent o n do u bts a nd ridicu l e b eg a n t o b e t hr o w n

u o n it w hich a l ar m m m
,

p , e d t h e co i ss i o n e r s a n d it w as r e so l,v ed
 C ONDEM NA TI O N OF G R ANDIE R .
265

to ha s ten t he p roc eedi n g s E very prec a u t ion w a s t a k en t o se

m
.

cu r e t he co n d e na t io n o f G r a nd ier H i s bro t h er , a n a d voc a te

m
.

of a rl i a e nt w a s a cc u s ed o f s orc ery a nd p l a c ed u nd er a rrest

p
m m
,
,

tha t he ight n o t b e c a p a b l e o f a p p ea l i n g E v ery circ u s ta nc e .

th a t to l d in fa vor o f t he a c c u s ed w a s c a r ef u lly su ppr es s ed , w h il e

w h a t ev er co u l d b e tu r ned ag a i n s t hi m
w as m a ni e
g d i n to u n d u e
m
i p ort a nc e T ho s e w ho expr es s ed a ny do u b t s w er e t hrea t ened
m
.

w i t h p ro s ec u tio n a nd t he bi shop o f P oi t i er s n o w c a e for w a r d

a g a i n , a nd no t o nly g a ve t he pro s ec u t i o n t hef u ll a d v a nt a ge o f his
ecc l es i a s tic a l a u t hori t y , b u t he c a u s ed p l a c a r d s to b e exhibi t ed
a bo u t t he t o w n forbid d i ng a n o n e t o s p ea k di s r e sp e c t f ll f t h e
y u
y o

nu ns m
T hi s a t o nc e sh u t t he o u t h s o f a ll G r a n dier s fri end s

m m m
.
.

H is ene i es ha d , ho w ever , a no t h er e b a rr a ss i ng circ u s t a nc e

t o co nt en d w i t h m
S o e o f t he a c t or s a pp ea r to h a v e b eco e m
m
.

a sh a ed o f t h eir p a rts , a nd t o ha ve b een s u rpri s ed w i t h s cru p l e

o f co n s ci e nc e A t t he b eg i nni n g o f J u ly , S i st er C l a r a d ec l a r ed
m m
.

b ef ore t he u l t i t u d e a ss e b l ed in t he ch u rch , th a t a l l her co nfes

s io ns fo r s o mm e o nt h s p a s t ha d b een m
er e f a l s ehood a n d i p o s m
t u r e, w hich ha d b een p u t i nt o h er m
o nt h b y M i no n a nd t he
g
m
pr i es ts , a nd she r u sh ed fro t he chu rch a nd end ea vor ed to a k e m
her es c a p e; b u t she w a s s ei z ed a nd bro u gh t b a ck T hi s , ho w
m
.

ever , did no t hi nd er a noth er nu n , S i s t er A g nes , fro fo ll o w i ng

m m
her ex a pl e, a nd she a d e a s i i l a r d ec l a r a t io nm T he co mm is
mm m
.

s io n e r i edi a t ely a dop t ed ea su r es fo r hi nd eri n g t he r ec u r

r en c e o f su c h a ccid e nt s , a n d t he pri es t s d ec l a r e d th a t it w a s o nly
m
o n e o f t he d e o n s v a g a ri es , a nd t h a t t he u n ru l y p a t i ent s w er e

a t t ha t mm
o ent u n d er his i n u enc e T h ey c a rri ed t h eir ea s m
m m
.

u r es o f i nt i id a tio n s o fa r , t h a t th ey a ccu s ed a only a si st er o f

G r a ndier , b u t t he w i fe o f t he b a i ll i o f L o u d u n, o f b ei ng w itch es ,
i nt endi ng t hu s a t o ne bl o w t o s t rik e fea r i nto his fri end s a nd r e
l a t io ns A nd th ey d ec l a r ed Op enly t h a t t he a t t e p t to t hro w d is m
m
.

cre di t o n t he p roc eedi ng s w a s a ere t rick o f t he H u gu eno t s,

w ho w ere a f r a id t h a t t he m m
ir a c l es p er for ed b y t he p ri est s o n
t hi s occ a s io n w o u l d t hro w di s cr edi t u po n th e m
m
.

o f l a w a nd j u s t ic e, did t he c u r s

T h u s , o v er r u l i ng ev ery for
m
ene i es hu rry o n th eir obj ect . A s s oon a s it w a s k no w n t h a t
t he a l l p o w er fu l c a rdi na l w a s r es o l ved o n t he d es tru ct i on o f t he
-

v icti m f e w w e r e bo l d e n o u gh t o s t a n d u
p in h is d efenc e O n
m
.
,

t he 1 8 t h o f A u g t
u s , 1 634 , t h e j u dg e s a s s e b l e d i n t h e co n v e n t

of t h e C a r m l i
e es ,t a n d o n t h e f a ith o f e v id e n c e t es t i e d b y A s ta

th t h e chi e f f t h e d e i l n d a ho s t o f oth e r d e omn s th e y

m
ro o v s a

m
, ,
,

e f
.

r o n o u n ce d j dg e n t o n U rb a i n G r a n d i er co n v i ct d o a g i c
p
m
u ,

and sor ce r , t o t he e e

c t th a t h e s ho u l d p e r f o r p e n a n c e b e fo r e
y
23
266 S O RC E RY A ND M AGIC .

t he p u b l ic , a ndth a t th en he shou l d b e cond u cted t o t he s ta k e

a nd b u r nt a l i ve a l o n g w i t h his m
,

a gic a l co vena nt s a n d cha r a c t e rs

th e s e w er e prob a b ly i n ve nt ed ) a nd w i t h h is m nu s cr ip t t r ea t is e
( ,

o n t he c el ib a c y o f t he c l erg y

T he s entenc e w a s p u t in o x een
tio n t he s a m
.

e day
T hu s p eri s h ed a no t h er v ic t i mo f su p er st i t io n a d o p t ed a s t he
.

instr u m
,

ent o f p er s o na l r ev enge The p roc ess o f t he cu r o f

Lou du n m
.

a de a n e xt ra ordi n a ry n oi s e t hebigoted p riest s hol ding

it u p a s a m ir a c u l o u s p roo f o f t het ru t h a nd ef c a c y o f t he R o m
,

i sh
fa ith w hi l e t he p ro t es t a nt s d ecri ed it l o u d ly a s a n i nfa m
,
o u s im
p o st u r e E ven i a E ng l a nd it exc it ed co ns id era bl e i nterest It
ga ve ri s e to m
. .

a ny p u b l ic a t io ns in F r a nc e w h e r e a l s o t he evi
,

d enc e w a s a n a lyz ed a nd it s w ea k nes s ex po s ed a nd t he w hol e

S om e y ea r s a ft er w a rd t he m
, ,

a ff a ir s oo n fell i nt o di s cr edit . ate ,

ri a l s o f t hi s t r a g ic story w er e co ll ec t ed t oget h er a nd a rra ng ed in

a sm a ll v o l u m e p ri nt ed a t A m sterd a mi n 1 693 u n d er t he tit l e of
, ,

t heI l is t o t r ed e Dia b les d eLo u d u n

'

s .

C HAP T E R XX III .

THE LA N C AS H I R E W ITC H E S .

TH ER E om
w as sethin g extr a ordi na r y in t he su dd en p reva l en c e
o f s orc ery d u ri ng t he y e a rs 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 1 a nd 1 6 1 2 thro u gh m
, ,o st ,

o f t he co u nt ri e s of w e st er n E u rop e I t w a s in t he l a s t o f th ese
a r s th a t occ u rr ed o ne o f t h e m s t ro m
.

e o a nt ic if n o t o ne O f t he
y
mo st r ema rk a b l e c a ses o f w i t chcra ft in E ngl a nd
,

.
,

O ne o f t he w i l d es t di s t ric t s in L a nc a shir e even a t t hep r esent ,

d a y is t h a t k n o w n a s t he for es t o f P end l e o q t he bord ers o f

Y ork shir e A bo ve it ri s es t he d a rk a nd l o fty m
, ,

ou nta i n kno w n
ndl e hi ll fro mt he d ec l ivi t y o f w hich t he f or e
.

a s Pe st e x tend ed
r a d es c ent of a bo u t ve mi l es t o a b a rr en a nd drea r y tr a ct
,

o ve

c a ll ed t he w a t er o f P endl e T hev i ew fro mt he su m

. mit of t he
h i ll w a s gra nd a nd ext en s i ve a nd nea r a t h a nd b en ea th l a y t he
ndid r em
,

sp l e a i ns o f t he a bb e y o f W h a ll ey T he tra ct i nc lu d ed
r t he n a m
.

u nd e e o f t he for es t w a s b a rren a nd d es o l a te thinl y ia ,

h a bited a nd it s p op u l a tio n v ery ru de and u nc u l ti va ted On a

, .

l
The or ig ina d eposit ions, w it h t he a u t o g r a p h si s t o r es of t he d e ons (l , ar e m
st ill p r eser ve m m
d a ong t he a nu scr ip t s in t h e n a t io n ib r a r in Ps i ia
-
lThes g u s y )
tur e s a r est r a ng escr a w s, e l
vid ent ly
w r it t en b y t r e b ling ha nds g u id em d b y ot hers .
 T H E LA NC A S HIRE WIT C HE S . 267

b r o w of t he des c ent fro mP end l e hi ll a t a cons id era b l e d i sta n c e

fr o ma ny oth er h a b it a t io n stood a s o l it a ry a nd d es erted bu i l di ng
,

of so m
,

e a nt iq u ity n o d o u bt i n r u i ns kn o w n pop u l a r ly a s t he
It w a s i nha bi t ed a t t he ti m
, ,

M a l k i n to w er e o f w hic h w e a r e
s p ea k i ng b y a n o l d w o m a l na m
.

a n w ho s e r e , e w a s E l i z a b eth
S o u t her nes b u t w ho w a s b et t er k n o w n in t he n eighborhoo d b y
t ha t o f O l d Dem S he w a s a t t hi s t i m
,

d ik e e a bo u t eighty y ea rs
d a l l t he ch a r a c t eri st i c s o f a co n r m
.

o f a g e a nd exh ibi t e ed w i t ch
in t heir m o st ex a ggera ted form S he ha d a s o n na m
,

s ed C hri st o
a nd a d a u gh t er na m a b et h w ho m
.

p h e r ed E l i z a rri e d a l a bor er o f

t he P end l edi s t r ict na m

, ,

ed J oh n D evic e T heD ev ic es ha d t hr ee
n Ja m
.
,

c h i l dre , es A l iz o n a nd J ennet t he l a t t er b ei ng in 1 6 1 2
, , , , ,

n ine ye a rs o f a e
g I t i s o ne o f t he doc t ri ne s o f s orc ery t h a t

t h e d es c end a nts o f a w i t ch fo ll o w fro ma s ort o f i n evi t a b l e ne

.
,

c es s it y t he s a m e pro fess io n a nd a ll t he m em b ers o f thi s fa m

,

ily
t h en l i v i ng thro u g h t he thr ee g ener a t io ns bor e t he sa m
, ,

, e evi l ,

r ep u ta t io n .

T h ey w er e no t ho w ev er a l o n e in t h eir d ea l i ng s w ith t he
ev i l o n e fo r t he di s trict o f P end l e w a s a t t hi s t i m
, ,

e l itt l e-b et t er
fa m
,

ed in t he nort h o f E ngl a nd t h a n t he t erri t ory o f L a bo u rd in

F ra nc e Th ere w a s a noth er fa m i ly w hich h el d a high r a nk
am o ng t he w i t ch es o f P end l e the p ri ncip a l m em
.

b er o f w hic h
w a s A nne W hi t t l e w ho w ent b y t h e pop u l a r na m
,

e o f O l d C ha t
t o x a nd w a s o f t he s a m e a g e a s O l d Dem
,

d ik e; s he ha d a n o nly
d a u gh t er na m ed A n n e w ho w a s m d to T ho m
,

a rri e a s Re dfer ne
O ld Dem
.
,

d ik e w a s t he s enior or qu een o f t he w i t ch es o f P end l e

a nd t he ne i ghborhood b u t she ha d a j ea l o u s r iva l in O l d C ha t
t o x a nd t he a ni m
,

o s i t y cr ea t ed b y t h eir ri va l ry w a s sh a r ed b y
t heir fa m
,

i l i es
M oth er Dem dik e ho w ev er ha d l o ng r eig ned s u p rem
.

, ,
e in her
rter t h e t e rror f h e n e ighbor A c ordi n g t o he r o w n co n
q u a s , o r s c .

fess io n she ha d b een a w i t ch ft y y ea r s (t he pri nted boo k s a y s

tw enty b u t t here a r e o t h er circ u m s m
,

s t a nc e ent io n ed w hich s ho w
t hi s w a s a m
,

i s pri nt ) H er o w n a cco u nt o f h er s el f w h en bro u ght

t o tri a l w a s t h a t a t t he p eriod j u s t m
.
,

ent io n ed she w a s o ne d a y
com i n g ho m ew a rd fro mb eggi ng w h en t her e m
, ,

et her n ea r u n t o
,

a s to ne p it in G o l d sh a w in t he s a id for es t o f P e
-
,
n d l e a spiri t or ,

dev i l in t he sha p e o f a boy t he o n e h a l f o f h is co a t b l a ck a nd

, , ,

t he o t h er bro w n w ho b a d e h er s t a y s a yi n g t o her th a t i f s he
w o u l d gi vehi mher s o u l shesho u l d h a v ea ny t hi n g t h a t shew o u l d
, , ,

r equ est W h ereu pon s he d em a nd ed his na m

,

e a nd t he spiri t eu
d his na m
.
,

sw e re e w a s T ib b A nd s o in hop e o f s u ch g a i n a s
w as pr om
.

ised b y t hesa id d evil or Tibb , she w a s contented t o

268 S O R C E RY AND MA GIC .

i ve he r s o u l t o t he s a id s pirit A nd fo r t he s p a c e o f v e or s ix
g
y ea r s next a ft er t he s a id s pirit or d evil a p pea red a t su nd r y ti m
.

, e s

u nt o her a b o u t d a yl ight g a t e [t w i l igh t ] a l w a y s bid d i ng he

-
r st a y

T o w ho mshe r e
, ,

a nd a s ki n g her w h a t s he w o u l d h a v e o r do .

p l i ed na y no t hi ng ; fo r she sa id she w a nt ed n ot hi ng y et A nd
, ,
.

s o a bo u t t hee nd o f t h e s a id s ix y ea r s u po n a s a bb a t h d a y i n t he -

mo r ni ng t hi s ex a mi na t e h a vi ng a l i t t l e chi l d u p o n her k nee a nd

, ,

she b ei ng in a s l u m
, , ,

b er t he s a id S piri t a pp ea r ed u nto h er in t he
l ik enes s o f a bro w n d o g fo rci n g hi m
,

se l f t o her k n ee t o g et b l ood
u nd er her l eft a r m
, ,

; a n d s h e b ei n g w i t ho u t a ny a p p a r e l s a v i ng
her s m o ck t he s a id d e vi l did g e t b l ood u nd er her l eft a r m A nd
J es u s s a ve m
.
,

s he a w a ki ng s a i d chi l d b u t h a d no po w er nor

, , y ! , ,

co u l d no t s a y J es u s s a v ehers el f ! w her eu po n t he bro w n d o g v a n

ished o u t o f her s ight ; a ft er w hich she w a s a l m o st s ta rk m
,

a d f or

t he s p a c e o f eig ht w eek s
T he chi l d h er e spok en o f m
.

u s t h a v e b ee n E liza be th D evi c e
nt hi s t or y w ho in d u e t i m
,

o ne o f t he h er oi n es o f t he pr es e e w as
b et r a y ed b y t he ev i l o ne a nd m r m
,

a d e a w i t ch b y he o t h er It
w a s t he o l d w o m
.
,

a n a l s o w ho i nd u c t e d her gr a n d chi l dren or -

w a s t he m ea n s o f i nt ro d u c i ng t h em t o t he sa m
, , ,

e ev i l a nd d a n
gero ns c a ll i n g J a m
,

es D ev ic e t he el d est o f th es e s a id i n his
.
, ,

co n fes sio n t h a t u po n S h ea r e T h u r s d a y w a s t w o y ea r s ( E a st er
'

eve 1 6 1 0) his gr a nd m o t her E l i s a b et h S o u t her nes a l i a s Dem

,

dik e did bid himt hi s ex a m

, , ,

i na t e go to t he chu rch t o r ec ei vet he

co m mu nio n (t he next d a y a ft er b ei n g good F rid a y ) a nd t h en no t
, , ,

ea t t he br ea d t he m i n i st er ga ve himb u t t o bri ng it a nd d el i v er it
,

t o s u ch a t hi ng a s s ho u l d m eet himi n his w a y ho m

,

ew a rd No t
w i t h s t a ndi ng her p er s u a s io n thi s ex a m
.

i na te did ea t t he br ea d
a nd s o i n hi s co m i ng ho m ew a rd s o m
, ,

e forty r o o d es o ff t he s a i d
ch u rch t h er e m et hima t hi ng in t he s h a p e o f a h a r e w ho s p ok e
u nt o t hi s ex a m i na t e a n d a sk ed himw h et h er he ha d brou ght t he
, ,

br ea d t h a t hi s gr a nd m o t h er ha d bidd en himor no W h er eu po n
,

t h i s ex a m
.
,

i na t e a ns w er ed he ha d no t ; a nd thereu po n t he s a i d
thi n g t hr ea t ened t o p u ll t hi s ex a m
,

i na t ein pi ec es a nd so thi s ex
am i na t e t h ereu po n m a rk ed hi m se l f t o God a nd s o t he s a id thi ng
d o u t o f t hi s ex a m i na t es sight A nd w i t hi n s o m
,

v a n i sh e e fo u r

d a y s a ft er t h a t t h er e a pp ea r ed in thi s ex a m
.

, i na t es sight ha rd by
,

t he n ew ch u rch in P end l e a t hi n l ik e u n to a bro w n d o w h o

g g
d t hi s ex a m i n a t e t o gi ve hi mhis sou l a nd he sho u l d b e r e
, ,

a sk e

d o n a ny w ho mhe w o u l d ; w h ereu nto t he exa m

,

v eng e i na t e eu
s w er ed th a t his so u l w a s n o t hi s to gi v e b u t w a s h is S a vior

J es u s C hri st s ; b u t a s m u ch a s w a s in hi mthi s e xa m
, ,

i na te t o
i ve he w a s co nt e nt e d he s hou l d h a ve it A nd w it hin t w o or
g .
 THE DE VIC E S OF PE NDLE . 269

t hr ee da ys r thi s ex a m
a ft e , i na t ew ent t o t he C a rr eH a ll a nd u pon
so m e sp eech es b etw ixt M i s t r es s T o w nel ey a nd thi s ex a m
,

i na t e
xa m i na t e a nd h is s a id m
,

s h e ch a rgi ng thi s e oth er t o h a ve s t ol en

so m e t u r ves o f her b a d hi mp a ck t he d oo r es ; a nd w it ha ll a s he
w ent forth o f t he door t he sa id M i s t r ess T o w nel ey g a ve hi ma
, '

k n ock b et w een t he s ho u l d er s A n d a bou t a d a y or t w o a ft er

t h a t th ere a ppea r ed u nt o t hi s ex a m
.

i na t e in h is w a y a thi ng l i k e
u nt o a b l a c k dog w ho p u t t hi s ex a m i na t e i n mi nd o f t he s a i d
,

M i s tr es s T o w n el ey s fa ll i n g o u t w i t h hima nd ha d hi mm
,

a ke a

,

i c t u r e o f c l a y l ik e u nto t h e s a id M i s tr e s s T o w ne l e n d h e
p y ; a

d ri ed it t he sa m e night by t he ti r e a nd w i t hi n a d a y a ft er b e
th i s ex a m i na t e b ega n t o cr u m
, , ,

b l e t he s a id p ic t u r e ev ery d a y
s om
, ,

e fo r t he sp a c e o f a w eek ; a n d w i t hi n t w o d a y s a ft er a ll
w a s cru m
,

b l ed a w a y t he s a id M i s tr es s T o w neley di ed A nd he
,
.

f u rth er s a ith th a t in L ent l a s t o ne Joh n D u ck w orth o f t heL a u n d e

m m
,

ro i s ed t hi s e x i n t e a n o l d s hirt ; a nd w i t hi n a fo r t night
p a a

a ft er t hi s e xa m i na te w ent t o t he s a id Du ck w o r t h s ho u s e a nd

d em d t he s a id o l d shirt ; b u t t he s a id D u ck w ort h d eni ed him

, ,

a nd e

t h er eo f A nd goi n g o u t o f t he s a id ho u s e t he s a id s p iri t D a nd y
xa m
.
,

a p p ea r ed u nto thi s e i na t e a nd s a id T ho u did st t o u ch t he

W h er eu po n t hi s ex a m
, ,

s a id D u ck w or t h

i na t e a ns w er ed he d id
n o t to u ch him
.
,

Y es sa id t he s pirit a g a i n thou did s t t o u ch

h im a nd t h er efor e I h a ve po w er o f him W h er eu po n t hi s ex
.
, ,

am
, .

i na t e a gr eed w i t h t he s a id spirit a nd t h en w i sh ed t he sa id ,

s p ir it t o ki ll t h e s a id D u ck w or t h : a nd w i t hi n o n e w e ek th en ,

nex t a ft er D u c k w orth di ed
,
.

H is s i st er A liz o n s a cco u nt o f h er co n v er s ion to w i t chcr a ft

w a s a s fo ll o w s She s a id t h a t a bo u t t w o y e a rs a go n her
a nd m s a l i a s o l d Dem
.
, ,

g r o t h e r ( c a ll e d E l i s a b et h S o u t h er n e d ik e )
d id s u nd r y t i m
,

es in goi ng or w a l k i ng t og et h er a s th ey w ent b eg
i n g p e r a d e a nd a d vi s e t hi s ex a m i n t e t o le t a d e vi l or f a m i l
g su a

ia r a pp ea r u nt o her ; a nd th a t she t hi s ex a m i na t e w o u l d let him

,

su c k a t s o m e p a rt o f her a nd s he m
, ,

ight h a v e a nd do w h a t s he
,

w ou l d .A nd s he fu rt h er s a i t h th a t o ne Joh n Nu t t er o f t he B u l , ,

ho l e i n P end l e a foresa i d ha d a c o w w hic h w a s S ick a nd r e

q u es t ed thi s ex a m i na t es gra nd m o t h er t o a m
, ,

end t h es a id co w a n d

her s a id gra nd m oth er sa id she w o u l d a nd s o her s a id gra nd

mo t h er a bo u t t en o f t heclo ck e in t he n ight desired t h is ex a mi
,

n a t e t o l ea d her for t h w hich t h is ex a m

,

i na t e d id s h e b ei ng t h en
b l i n d ; a nd her gra nd m o t her did rem
, ,

a i n a bo u t h a l f a n ho u r fo r t h ;

a nd t hi s ex a m i na tes s i s t er did fet ch her in a ga i n b u t w h a t she

d id w h en she w a s so fort h thi s ex a m i na t e ca n no t t ell B u t t he

xt m orni ng thi s ex a m
.
,

ne i na t e h ea rd th a t t he s a i d co w w a s d ea d .

23
270 S O R C E RY A ND M AGI C .

A nd thi s ex a m i n a t e veri ly thi nk eth th a t her sa id gr a ndm other

did b ew i t ch t he s a id co w t o d ea t h A nd fu rth er thi s ex a m i na t e
xa m
.
,

s a i t h t ha t a b o u t t w o y ea r s a go n t hi s e i na t e h a vi n g go t ten a
p i g gi n fu ll o f b lu em
, ,

i l k by b eg g i ng bro u ght it i nto t heho u s eo f her

gr a n d m o t h er w her e (t hi s ex a m
,

,
i na t e goi ng fort h p r es ent ly a nd ,

s t a i ng a b o u t h a l f a n ho u r ) t her e w a s b u t t e r t o t he q u a n t it y o f a
y
qu a rt er n o f a po u nd in t he s a id m il k a nd t he q u a n t i t y o f t he s a id
mil k s t i ll r ema i ni ng ; a nd her gra ndmot her ha d no bu tt er in t he
,

hou s e w h en t hi s exa m i na t e w ent fort h d u ri ng w hich t i m e thi s

ex a m i na t es gra n d m
,

o t h er s t i ll l a y in her b ed A nd fu r t h er thi s
ex a m
.
,

i na t e s a i t h t ha t R i ch a rd B a l d w i n o f W eet hea d w ithi n t he

for est o f P en d l e a bo u t t w o y ea r s a g o f ell o u t w ith t hi s ex a m
, ,

i
na t es g r a nd m o t h er a n d s o w ou l d no t l et her co m
, ,

eu p o n h is l a nd ;

xt a ft er her s a id gra nd m
,

a nd a bo u t fo u r or v e d a y s th e n ne ot her
did r equ est t hi s ex a m i na t eto l ea d her fort h a bo u t t en o f t hec l ock s
in t he n igh t w hic h t hi s ex a m i na t e a ccordi n gly did a nd s he
xam
, ,

s t a y ed f o r t h th en a bo u t a n ho u r e a nd t hi s e i na t es s i s t er

A nd t hi s ex a m i na t e h ea rd t he n ex t m
,

fet ch ed h er i n a g a i n orn
i ng t ha t a w o m
.

a n chi l d o f t he s a id R ich a rd B a l d w i n w a s fa ll e
-
n
s i ck a n d a s t hi s e xa m i na t edid t h en h ea r t hes a id chi l d did l a n ,

i s h a ft e r w a rd b y t h e s p a c e o f a y e r or th e r e a bo u t s a n d di e d
g u a

A nd t hi s ex a m i na t ev eri ly t hi n k et h t h a t h er s a id gra nd m
, , .

other di d

b ew i t ch t he sa id c hi l d t o d ea t h .

T he y o u n g es t o f t h e D ev i c es J en n et a chi l d o f n i ne y ea rs
, , ,

w a s a s yet t o o y o u ng t o b e a w i t c h h er s el f b u t she ha d b een a ,

c a r efu l w a t ch er o f t he doi ngs o f h er r el a t i v es a nd a p p ea r s t o

h a ve b een u su a lly a d m i t t ed to t h eir s ecr et m
,

eet i ng s
O l d Dem d ik e m
.

u st c e r t a i nly h a ve ob t a ined t he sp eci a l fa vor

o f t h e ev i l o n e i f it w a s t o b e g a i ned b y t h e n u m
,
b er o f h er con
ve rt s fo r s he w a s no t o nly t he p er vert er o f t ho s e o f her o w n
,

p a rt y b u t o f t ho s e o f t he ri va l fa ct io n a l s o ; fo r o ld Cha t t o x her
,
'

eq u a l in a g e a n d d ec r epi t u d e i f no t in po w er co n fes s ed t h a t it
w a s M o t h er Dem
, ,

d ik e w ho r st s edu c ed her t o l i s t en t o t he
t em pt er T he r eco rd s o f t h e c o u rt tes t i fy t h a t t h e s a id A nne
.

W hi t t l e a l i a s C ha t t o x s a i d t h a t a bou t fo u rt een y ea r s p a s t s he
, , ,

ent er ed t hro u g h t hew i c k ed p er s u a s io ns a n d cou ns el o f E l i s a b et h

S o u t her nes a l i a s Dem
,

dik e a nd w a s s ed u c ed t o co nd es c end a nd
a gr ee t o b eco m e s u bj ec t u nt o t ha t d evi l i sh a bo m
, ,

o f w i t c hc r a ft
t h e l ik enes s o f a m
.
i n a bl e pro fess io n
S oo n a ft er w hich t he d ev i l a p p ea r ed u nto her in
a n a b ou t m
,

id n i g ht a t t h e h o u s e o f t he s a id
Dem d ik e ; a n d t h er eu p o n t he s a id Dem
, ,

d i k e a nd sh e w ent for t h
o f t he s a id ho u s e u n t o hi m w h er e u po n t h e s a id w ick ed s p i rit
;
mo ved t hi s ex a mi na te th a t she w ou l d b eco me his su bj ect a n d
 THE I M A GES O F C LAY .
27 1

g iv ehe r sou l u nto hi m T h e w hich a t r st sher e fu se d to a ss e n t

m m
.

u nt o ; b u t , a fte r , b y t he gr ea t p er su a s io ns a d e by t he s a id De
d ik e, she y i el d ed t o b e a t his co mm m a nd ent a nd a ppoi nt ent m
m
.

W h ereu po n t hes a id w ick ed s piri t t h en s a id u nto her , t ha t he u s t

m
ha v eo ne p a rt o f her b od y fo r hi t o s u ck u po n t hew hi c h she d e
ni ed th e n t o gr a nt u nto hi m ; a n d w m
it ha l l a sk ed hi , w h a t p a rt o f
her bod y he w o u l d h a ve fo r t h a t u s e; w ho S a i d , he w o u l d h a v e a
p l a c e o f her right s id e, n ea r to her rib s , fo r hi to su ck u p o n ; m
w h er eu nto s he a ss ent ed A nd s he fu r t h er s a id , th a t a t t he s a e m
m
.

t i e there w a s a thi ng in t he l ik en es s o f a spo t t ed bi t ch , th a t

cam m
e w i t h t he s a id S piri t u n to t h e s a id De d ik e, w hich t h en di d
spe a k u nto he r in thi s e m
x a i na t es h ea ri ng , a nd s a i d t h a t she

s ho u l d h a v e go l d , s i l v e r , a nd w orl d ly w ea l t h , a t her w i ll ; a nd a t
m m
t h e sa e t i e s he s a ith th er e w a s v ictu a l s , v iz , fl esh , bu t t er ,
m
.

c h ee se, br e a d , a nd dri n k , a nd bid t h e ea t eno u gh . A n d a ft er

their ea t i ng, t he d evi l c a ll ed F a n c y , a nd t he o t h er spiri t c a ll i ng
m
h i s el f T ibb , c a rri ed t he r e na nt a w a ym . A nd s he s a i t h , t h a t
a l tho u gh th ey did ea t , t h ey w er e n ever t he fu ll er n o r b et t er fo r
m
t h e s a e; a n d th a t a t t h eir s a id b a nqu et t he s a id s piri t s ga v e
t he m l ight to s ee w h a t t h ey d id , a l t ho u gh t h ey nei t h er ha d r e

n o r c a n d l el ight ; a nd t h a t t h ey w er e both she s piri t s a n d d e vil s .

A nne R ed fer n e, M oth er C ha t t o x s d a u ghter , h el d a sp eci a l

r a nk a m on
t e se m i s er a b l e p eop l e, fo r s he w a s t he o m
s t s k i l fu l
of t he m a ll in m a ki ng tho s e t e m
rribl e i nst r u ents o f ev i l , t he i a m
g e s o f cl a y O l d D me d ik e in h e r co nfe s sio n , d ec l a r e d
t h a t
m
.
, ,

a bo u t h a l f a y e a r be for e R ob er t Nu tt er d i ed , a s t hi s exa i n a t e
m
th i nk et h , t hi s exa i na te w ent to t he ho u s e o f T ho a s R ed fer n e, m
w hich w a s a bo u t m mm id su m mm
er , a s t hi s ex a i na t e r e e b er et h it .

A n d th ere, w ithi n t hr ee y a rd s o f t he ea s t end o f t he s a id ho u s e,

S he s a w t he s a id A nn e W hi t t l e, a l i a s C h a t t o x , a nd A nne Re d
m
fer n s , w i fe o f t he s a id T ho a s R ed fer ne, a nd d a u ght er o f t hes a i d
A nn e W hittl e, a l i a s Cha t t o x , t he o ne o f t he o n e s i d e o f t hedi t ch ,
a n d t he o t h e r on t h e o t her , a nd t w o p ic t u r es o f cl a y o r a rl e m
m
lyi ng by th e a nd t het h ird pic t u r et he s a id A nneW hitt l e, a l i a s
C ha t t o x , w a s m a k i n g ; a n d t he s a id A n n e R e dfer ne, h er s a id
m m
d a u ghter , w rou ght her c l a y or a rl e to a k e t h e t hi r d pic t u re
w it ha l l . m m
A nd t hi s ex a i na t e p a s s i n g by t h e , t he s a id sp irit ,
c a ll ed T ibb , in t hesha p eo f a bl a ck ca t , a pp ea r ed u nt o h er t hi s ex
am i na te, a nd sa id , T u rn b a ck a ga i n , a nd do a s t h ey d o
To
m m
.

w ho t hi s ex a i na te s a i d W h a t a r ethey d oi ng W hereu nto

m
,

t he s a id s pirit s a id , T h ey a r e a k i n g t hr ee pic t u r es

. W h er e
u po n sh e a s k e d w ho s e pi ct u r es t h ey w er e W h ereu nt o t he s a i d
.

sp irit sa id , T h ey a r e t hepictu res of C hri sto pher Nu t ter , R ob ert

 8 0 RC ERY A ND M AGIC .

Nu tt er a nd M a ry , i fe o f t he s a id R ob ert Nu tter
w Bu t t his ex

am i na t e d eny i ng t o go b a ck to h el p th emt o m
.
,

a k e t he pictu r e s

a for e s a id t he s a id s piri t se em i ng t o b e a ngry th erefore sho ve

xa m i na t e i nto t he ditch a nd S o s h ed t he m
, , ,

o r p u s h ed t hi s e i lk
w hich t hi s ex a m
,

i na t e ha d in a c a n or k it a nd so t h er eu p o n t he
s piri t a t t h a t ti m e va ni sh ed o u t o f t h is ex a m
,

i na t es s ight Bu t

p r es ent ly af t er t h a t t he s a id s piri t a pp ea red t o t his exa m

.

,
i na te
a g a i n in t hesh a p e o f a h a r e a nd s o w ent w ith he r a b o u t a qu a r

t er o f a m i l e b u t s a id no t hi ng t o t h is ex a m
,

i na te no r S he t o it
T he t w o fa ctio ns u nd er t h es e t w o ri va l s i n m
, , .

i s chi ef t he Er
i ct ho a nd C a nid ia a s t h ey h a v e b een a p t ly t er m
,
ed o f t he f orest ,

of Pe n d l
e w er e t he t error o f t he neighborhood T ho s e w ho
w er e no t w it ch es t h em m
.

s el ves w er e gl a d t o b u on a n t e r t h e
y y s

fa vor o f M o t h er Dem d ik ea nd her fa m

,

il a r T ibb o r th a t o f M oth er
C ha t t o x a nd her i m
,

F a n c y ; a nd t ho s e w ho o ff e n d e d t h e t w
p o

p o w erfu l s orc er ess es or th eir fri end s or w ho fa i l ed t o p ropiti a te

t hem w er e su r e to m eet w i t h s o m e k i nd o f s evere pu n i s h m
,

ent
S evera l o f t h eir d eed s a r e r eco u nt ed in t he ex a m
, .

i na t io ns ta k en
do w n a t t he tri a l s T heir v engea nc e w a s o ften t he r esu l t o f
y a t t im
.

v ery t ri i n g p ro vo c a t io ns a nd t h e , es ex ert ed th eir b l ight

i ng i n u en c e w i t ho u t a ny p ro v oc a t io n a t a ll I n her s eco nd
ex a m i na t io n A liz o n D ev ic e a ft er t ell i ng t he m
.

a nne r o f her se
d u c t io n b y her gra nd m
, ,

o t h er s a y s t h a t no t l on g aft er b ei ng
, ,

w a l k i n g t o w a rd t he R o u gh l ee in a c l o s e o f o ne J oh n R obi n
,
-
,

son s t h e

r e a p pea r ed u nt o h er a t hi ng l ik e u nt o a b l a ck dog
r t o gi ve hi m
, ,

s p ea ki n g u nto he r a nd d e
,
s iri n g he her s o u l a nd he ,

w o u l d gi v e her p o w er t o d o a ny t hi ng s he w o u l d : w h er eu po n
thi s ex a m i na t e b ei n g t her ew it ha l l int ic ed a nd s ett i ng her do w n
t he s a id b l a ck dog did w i t h his m ou t h (a d thi s ex a m
, ,

i na t eth en
tho u ght ) su ck a t h er br ea s t a l i t t l e b el o w her p a p s w hich p l a c e
did r em
, ,

a in bl u e h a lf a y e a r s ne x t a ft er ; w h ich s a id bl a ck dog
d i d no t a p p ea r t o t hi s ex a m i na t e u nt i l t he eigh t eent h d a y o f
M a rch l a s t ; a t w hic h t i m e t h is ex a m i na t e met w i t h a p ed l a r on
,

t he high w a y c a ll ed C o l ne e l d nea r u nt o C o l ne ; a nd t h i s ex
m
-

am i n a te d e a nd ed o f t h e s a id p edl a r t o b u y s o m e pi ns o f hi m
,

b u t t he s a id p edl a r s t u r d ily a ns w er ed t h a t he w o u l d no t l oo s e
h is p a ck ; a nd so t h is ex a m i na t e p a rti ng w ith him p r es ent ly
th er e a pp ea r et h t o t his ex a m
,

. i na t e t he b l a c k dog w hich a pp ea r ed
u nt o he r a s b efor e; w h ich b l a c k dog s p a k e u nt o he r in E n gl i sh

W h a t w o u l d s t t ho u h a v e m e t o do w i t h y o nd er m
,
s a y i ng an
T o w ho mt hi s ex a m i n a t e s a id W h a t c a nst t ho u d o a t him2
,

A nd t he d o g a n s w ered a g a i n I c a n l a m e hi m W h er eu po n
,

thi s ex a m i na t e a ns w er ed a nd s a id t o t he b l a c k d o g L a m
, .

, e ,
 FEUDS A M O NG T H E W IT C H E S . 273

hi m a nd b e for e t he p edl a r w a s go ne forty rod s fu r t h er , he fell

m m
d o w n l a e a nd th is ex a i n a t e t h en w ent a ft er t hes a id p ed l a r ;
a nd in a ho u s e a bo t he d is t a nc e a fo r esa id , he w a s l i ng l a
u t
y e m

m
.

W e h a ve s een t h a t A l izo n D ev ic e a cc u s ed her gra nd o t h er

m
De d ik e o f c a u s i ng t he d ea t h o f a d a u g h t er o f R i ch a r d B a l d
w in , t h e m m
i ll er , a bo u t t w o y ea r s b efor e t he t i e o f her a rr est
m m
.

T he feu d b et w een th e s ee s t o h a v e b een l a s t i ng , fo r t he o ld

m m
w o a n c o n f es s ed t h a t , a l i t t l e b efor e t he C hri s t a s o f 1 6 1 1 h er
m
,

d a u ght er E l i z a b et h D evic e ha d b een e p l oy ed in h el pi n g t he

m
fo l k s a t t he i ll , a nd a sk ed her t o c a ll u po n R ich a rd B a l d w i n
m m m
t o d e a nd s o e r e u ner a t io n fo r her w o r k

P rob a bly E l i z a
m m
.

b et h D evic e ha d gi ven s o e c a u s e o f a n g er to t h e i ll er , fo r , a s
m
Ol d De d ik e, l ed b y he r gr a ndd a u gh t e r A liz o n (fo r S he w a s her
sel f b l i nd , a ppro a ch e
) d h i s ho u s e, h e et m
t h e ,
a m
n d a p p ly i n g
c erta i n Opprobrio u s ep it h et s t o bo t h , t hr ea t ened he w o u l d bu r n
t he o n e a nd h a n g t he o t h er u nl es s t hey w ent th eir w a y s As
m
.

t h ey w erep a s s i ng t he nex t h edg e, t he o l d w i t ch s fa i l i a r T ibb

m a d e his a pp e a r a nc e, a n d ob t a i n e d a co mm
i s s io n t o t a k e v en
g ea n c e o f t h e m i ll er o r h is

W h a t t h a t v e n
g e a n c e w a s w e
m
.
,

ar e n o t i nfor ed
m
.

A s fa r a s w e ca n di s co ver fro t he fa ct s d e po s ed a t t he t ri a l ,
m
t he ho s t i l it y b et w een M o t h er De dik e a nd M o t her C h a t t o x a ro s e
fro m t h e d epr ed a t io ns o f t he l a t t er o r o f h er fa m i ly , w hich ha p
p ened a b ou t t he c l o s e o f t he r eign o f Q u een E l i z a b et h E l i z a
m
.

b et h D evic e w a s robb ed , a nd so e o f t he a rt ic l es st o l en w er e
fo u n d i mm edi a t ely a ft er w a rd o n t he p er s o n o f A n n e, t he d a u g h
t er o f C ha t t o x (s he w a s no t a t t hi s t i e mm a rri ed t o R e d fer n e),
a nd r ec l a i m ed . T he a nger o f M o t h er C ha t t o x w a s n o w g r ea t
a g a i ns t t he D evi c e s , a nd , s he b ei n g a pp a r e n t ly po w erl es s a g a i n s t

m
o ld De d ik e a nd he r b l ood , he r s o n ia l a w
- -
John D evic e, t he
m m
hu s b a nd o f E l i z a b eth , b ec a e so a l a r ed for h is o w n sa fet y ,
th a t he co vena nted w ith C ha t t o x to p a y her y ea rly a ea su r eo f m
m ea l o n co nditio n t h a t she s ho u l d no t h u rt hi m or his good s b y
h er ch a rm s
. T hi s ,

s a id A li zo n,
w a s y e a r ly p a id ,
u n t i l t he
y ea r w hi ch h er fa t h er di ed in, w hich w a s a bo u t el even y ea r s
si nc e; he r fa t h e r , u pon his t h en d ea t h b ed , t a ki ng it t h a t t he
-

sa id A nne Whi t t l e a l i a s C h a t t o x did b e w i t ch h i m t o d e a t h b e

m
, , ,

c a u s e t he s a id ea l w a s no t p a id t he l a st yea r !
m
M a ny o t h er p er s o ns s ee t o h a ve b een gr a du a lly dr a w n i nt o
m m m
thi s feu d , a o ng who w er e s o e bra n ch es o f t he Nu t t ers , a
fa mi ly r a t h r x
e e t ens v i e ly s pr e a d m
a o n g t h e l e s s e r g en t r y a nd
m
y eo a nry o f t hi s di strict T he R ed fer nes w er e t ena nt s o f t he
m
.

Nu t ters o f P end l e in t he ti e o f o l d R ob ert Nint er , w ho sew i fe,

274 S O RC E RY A ND M AGIC .

E l i z a b eth Nu t t er ha d em ,
pl o y ed M o t h er C ha t t o x t o eff ect t he
d es t r u c t ion o f her o w n gr a nd s o n k no w n a s
y ou n g R obert
m m
,

N u t t er
i n ord e r t h a t h e r h u s b a n d s l a n d s ight

g o t o s o e
me m m m
,

b e r o f t h e s a e f a i ly w h o s t ood high e r i n h e r f a v or T hi s

s t a n c e w e l ea rn fro mt he co n fes s io n o f M o t h er C ha t t ox
.

circ u m
her s el f w ho t ell s u s t h a t E l i z a b et h Nu t t er w i fe t o o l d R ob ert
m m
, ,

Nu t t er did r eq u e s t t hi s e x a i n a t e a n d L o o e s ha w s w i fe o f

B u rl ey a nd o n e J a ne B oo t h m a n o f t he s a m
, ,

,
e w ho ar e n o w b o t h ,

d ea d t o g et y o u ng R ob er t Nu t t er h is d ea t h if th ey co u l d a ll
b ei ng t oget h er t h en a t t ha t t i m
, , ,

e t o t h a t en d t h a t if R ob er t w ere
d ea d t hen t he w o m en t h eir co u s i ns m
, ,

ight ha ve t he l a nd ; by
A ft er w hich t i m
,

w ho s e p er s u a s io n t h ey a ll co ns ent ed u nt o it e
t hi s ex a m i na t es s o n in l a w T ho m
.
,

a s Re d fer n e did p er s u a d e t hi s

- -

ex a m i na t e no t t o ki ll or h u rt t he s a id R o b ert Nu t ter ; fo r w hich

p er su a s io n t he s a id Lo o m esha w s w i fe ha d l i k e t o h a v e ki l l ed

t he s a id R ed fer ne b u t t h a t o ne M r B a l d w yn (t he l a t e s choo l
ma st er a t C ol n ) did b y his l ea rning st a y t he sa id Lo o mesha w s
, .

w i fe a nd t h er efor ha d a c a po n f ro mR edfer ne
B a l d w y n t he s cho o l m
.
,

a st e r w a s prob a b ly a w h ite w i z a r d
R ob er t Nu t t er w a s t h u s s a ved fro md ea t h b u t h is fa t e w a s
, , .

o nly d eferr ed fo r n o t l o ng a ft er a s M o t h er C ha t t o x f u rt h er in
f or m
, ,

s u s R ob er t Nu t t e r w ho w a s prob a bly i gnora nt o f t he p l ot

fro mw hi ch he h a d a l r ea d y es c a p ed
,

did d es ir e her d a u gh t er
, ,

R ed fer nes w i fe t o h a v e his w i ll o f her b ei ng t h en in R edfer nes

, ,

ho u se ; b u t t he s a id R ed fer nes w i fe d eni ed t he s a i d R ob ert

W h er eu po n t he s a id R ob ert s eem
.

i ng t o b e g r ea t ly di sp l ea s ed
th erew i t h in a grea t a ng er took his hor s e a nd w ent a w a y sa y
ing i n a gr ea t ra g e th a t if ever t h e gro u nd c a m e t o hi mshe
, ,

,

sho u l d n e ve r d w ell u po n his l a n d A nn e R ed fer n e to l d her
mot h er o f t he t hrea t a nd t he circ u msta nc e w hich ha d gi ven ri s e
.

t o i t a n d t h e l a t t er i m med i a t el y co nsu l t ed her fa mil i a r F a nc y

w ho c a m e t o her in t he l ik enes s o f a m
, ,

a n in a p a rc e l of
g thi s ex a m
,

g ro u nd c a ll e d t h e L a u n d e a s ki n i na te w h a t she
w o u l d h a v e himt o do a n d t hi s ex a m i na t e b a d e himg o a nd r e
,

ve n g e he r o f t h e s a id R ob er t Nu tt er
The r esu l t w a s t he
.

d ea t h no t o nly o f R ob ert Nu t t er b u t o f his fa t her C hri st oph er

, ,

Nu t t er t he p a rt ic u l a rs o f w h i ch w er e to l d a t t he tri a l b y yo u ng
,

R ob ert s bro t her John a nd his s i st er M a rga ret

.

E l i z a b et h Nu tt er ha d no w fu lly ob t a i n ed her d es ir e a n d t he
R ed fer nes w er e a ll o w ed t o r em ir hou s e S o m
,

a i n in t h e e y ea r s .

a f t er ho w ev e
,
r w e st i ll nd ho s t i l i t y exi s t i ng b et w een t he R ed
,

fer nes a nd t he Nu t t er s o f P end l e A n t ho ny Nu t ter ha d n o w .

,

p erha p s i nherited E l i z a beth Nu t ter s p rop ert y a nd l ived in t he

,

,
 THE WITC H ES A RRE STED . 2 75

hou s e a t P endl e w ith h is d a u ght er A n n e O ne d a y they o end

'

ed Moth er C ha t t o x , w h en she c a m
.

e t o th eir ho u s e, a nd next d a
y
A nne Nu tt er fell s ic k , a nd , a ft er l a n g u i shi n g t hr ee w eek s , di ed
m m
.

J a es D ev ic e, o n his ex a i na t io n a t t he t ri a l , to l d a S t r a ng e
s to r y co nn ec t ed w i t h thi s event

H e s a id , th a t t w el ve y ea r s
.

a o , A nne C ha t t o x , a t a b u ri a l a t t h e n ew ch u rch in P end l e, di d

g
t a k e thr ee s c a l p s o f p eo p l e w hich h a d b ee n b u ri ed a n d t h e n ca st
o u t o f a gr a v e, a s she t he sa id C h a t t o x t o l d t hi s e x a i na te; a nd m
too k eight teet h o u t o f t he sa i d s c a l p s , w h er eo f she k ep t fou r t o
h er s el f, a nd ga v e oth er fo u r to t he s a id De d ike, thi s ex a i m m
m
na tes gra nd o t h er ; w hich fo u r t eet h no w s ho w n t o thi s ex a

m .

in a t e a r e t he fo u r teeth th a t t he s a id C ha t t o x g a ve to h i s s a i d
m
gr a nd oth er a s a for esa id w hich s a id t eet h h a veever s i nc eb een
k ep t , u nti l no w fo u nd b y H enr y H a rgr ea ves a nd thi s ex a i na te, m
a t t he w e st e n d o f t hi s e m
x a i na t es gra nd oth er s h o u s e, a nd

m '

ther e b u ri ed i n t he ea r t h , a nd a pic t u r e o f c l a y th er e l ik ew i s e
m
f o u nd b y t h e a bo u t h a l f a y a rd o v er in t he ea rth w h er e t he
s a id t ee th l a y, w hich s a id p ic t u re s o fo u nd w a s a l o st w ith ered m
a w a y , a nd w a s t h e p ic t u r e o f A nne, A n t ho ny Nu tt e

r s d a u ghter

m
.

W e h a ve no a cco u nt o f t he circ u s t a nc es w hich , a ft er t h es e

m
w i t ch es h a d s o l o ng enjo y ed i p u ni t y , l ed a t l a s t t o th eir s ei z u r e
m m
.

P erh a p s t he en ity o f t he Nu t t er s ha d s o et hi ng to do w i t h it ;
m
b u t T ho a s P o t t s , w ho coll ec t ed a nd p ri nted t he r ecord s o f a
m
tri a l in w hich he s ee s to h a v et a k en a very p a rtic u l a r i nt erest ,

a s crib e s th eir di s co ve ry a nd a rr es t to t he z ea l ou s end ea vors o f

tha t very r el igio u s ho nes t g ent l e a n, R oger No w ell , Esq ,

m
m
.

o ne o f his aj es t y s j u s ti c es in th es e p a rts , t h e r epr es ent a t i ve

o f t he o l d f a m
i ly o f t he No w ell s o f R ea d in t he P end l e di s t rict
m m
.

F o u r o f t he o st notorio u s o f t h es e w i t ch es , De d ik e a nd C h a t
t ox , w i t h Al iz o n D evic e a nd A n ne R ed fer n e, w er e c a ptu r ed b y
No w ell s ord ers , a nd , h a vi n g ea ch

a de a

m
fu ll co nfess io n,
p rob a b ly in t he ho p e o f s a v i ng t h eir l ives , he co i t t ed th e mm m
a s p ri s o ner s to L a n c a s t e r c a s tl e o n t he s eco nd of A p ri l , 1 6 1 2 , t o
ta k e t h eir tri a l s a t t hen ex t a ss i z es .

Po t t s w as t hea u t or of TheW o nd er fu Discover ieof W it ch es in t h e Co u n

h l
t ie of La nca st er

4 w. Lo nd o n, a b oo k of so m y
er a r it , of w ic h h a r ep r int ,

w it h a co ns id er a b 0 m l l
a ss o f v a u a b e i nfo r m
a t io n, w as e d it ed , in 1 8 4 5, fo r t he
Chet h a m S o ciet y m ly
b y J a es C r oss e , E sq , o f a nche M st e The r esent a ccou nt
m
r

ml ly m
. .
.

h
o f t he La nca s ir e w it che s is co p i e d e n t ire f r o t h e at e r ia s p r e se r ve d b y
P t ,
o t s w h i c h a e t he a u t hen t ic ce p ie s o f t h e co n f ess io n s o f t h e o ff end er s a n d t h e
mm h
r
d epo sit io ns o f w it nesses . T heco o n c a p b oo k t r a ct , e
-
nt it le d h
T he L a nca s ir e
h h ll
W it ches w ic ha s b een inser t ed b y M r H a iw e in hi s Pa a t ine A nt olog ,
"
ll l h y "

m
.
.

w as a h y
er e ca t c penn invent io n
ll mm m ly m
- .

The r ea d er w i r e e b er t hea d ir a b conce i ve d char acte r of M aste r Tho "

Pot t s, in A insw or t h s r o a nce
'
m .
276 S O R C E RY A ND MAGIC .

T h eir chi ef pl a c e o f r es ort , M a l k i n t o w er , r e a ined a s yet m

u nv i si t e d a nd u nt ou ch ed I t w a s a pl a c e l oo k ed u p o n w i t h a w e
m
.

b y t he p ea s a nt ry , a nd few b u t O l d De dik ea nd her co n feder a tes

c a red t o a p p ro a ch it S t r a nge n oi s es w er e h ea rd a bou t it , a nd it
m m
.

w a s h a u nt ed b y b ei n g s s t i ll ore s t ra n ge J a es D evi c e, in his

m m
.

ex a i na tio n b efor e J u st ic eNo w ell , d ep o sed t h a t, a bou t a ont h

a o , a s t hi s e
g m
x a i na t e w a s co m i n g to w a r d h is moth e r
s hou Se

m m
,

a n d a t d a y g a t e [t w i l igh t ] o f t he s a
-
e night , he et a bro w n dog
m m m
co i ng fro his g r a nd o t h er s ho u s e, a bo u t t en rood s di st a nt

f rom t he sa m e ho u s e; a nd a bo u t t w o or t hr ee n igh t s a ft er , he
m
h ea r d a voic e o f a grea t nu b er o f chi l dren shri ek i ng a nd c r y i ng
p i t i fu lly , a bo u t d a yl ight ga t e, a nd l ik ew i s e a bo u t t en rood s d i s t a nt
-

o f t hi s e m
m
x a i na t es s a id gra n d o t h er s hou s e A nd a bo u t ve

.

n igh t s t h en next fo ll o w i ng , w it hi n t w ent y rood s o f t he s a id E l i z

s het h S o u t he r nes ho u s e, h eh ea rd a fo u l y e ll i ng l i k e u n to a grea t

nu m m
b er o f c a ts ; b u t w h a t t h ey w ere, thi s ex a i na tec a n n o t t ell

m
.

I t w a s h er e t h a t , d u ri n g M o t h er De d ik es l i fe, t he w itch es

o f t he s e p a rt s h e mm
l d th eir g r a nd a nd s o l e n eeti ngs , w hich too k
p l a c e a nnu a lly o n G ood F rid a y T he d a y o f a s s e b lym w a s j u s t
m m
.

a t h a nd w h en De d ik e w a s a rr e st ed , b u t a ny o f t he w i t ch es
w ho h a d es c a p ed m et as u su a l , i n s pi t e o f her a b s enc e I n fa c t ,
m
.

t he eet i ng a t t he M a l k i n to w er , o n t he G oo d F rid a y o f 1 6 1 2 ,
se m
e s to h a ve b een b et t er a t t end ed t h a n u su a l T h er e w a s , w e
m m m
.

a r e to l d , gr ea t ch eer , erry co p a ny , a nd u ch co nferenc e
mm
.

The obj ect s o f thi s co n fer enc e w er eo f s o ei p ort a nc e I t w a s .

El i z a b eth D evic e w ho pr es id ed , a nd o f cou rs e no w t he obj ec t o f

m m
ost i nt er est to her w a s t he d el i very o f her oth er It w a s , w e .

a r e t o l d , p ro p o s ed t o k i ll t he j a i l er o f L a n c a st e r c a s tl e, s et a ll
t he pr is o ner s a t l ib ert y , a nd b l o w u t h e c tl e b y f e w l d
p a s a o

m m m
,

w o en a s se b l ed in a n o l d ru i n ou s to w er Bu t w ha t igh t no t
m m m
.

old w o en d o , w h en t h ey ha d S a ta n to a s s i s t th e ? T he a t
t ers w hich w er e i ntend ed to b e orig ina lly d eb a ted o r p er for ed m
a t t hi s m m
eeti n g w er e t h e chri st eni ng o f a fa i l i a r fo r A l izo n Dev
i ce, a nd t he b ew itchi ng o f c er t a i n i nd i vid u a l s w ho ha d r ecent ly
m
gi ven th e o ff enc e .

Bu t w hi l e thu s co n su l t i n g , t he w itch es w er e not a w a r e th a t a

y o u n g tr a i t or w a s s itti n g a m
o n g t he m . T hi s w a s J ennet D ev ic e,
t h e y o u ng e s t o f t he gra ndd a u gh t er s o f O l d D e vic e, a nd t h e c h i l d
o f t h ev e m
ry w o a n w ho w a s pres idi ng over t he eeti ng in h er a b m
se nc e T hi s i ll co n di t io n ed chi l d , a girl o f ni ne y ea r s old , ga ve
-

m m
.

i nfor a tio n to t he z ea l o u s Ju s t ic e No w ell o f t he eet i n g a t t he

m
M a l ki n to w er , a nd to l d hi w ho w er e pres ent W i t hi n a few
m m m
.

d a y s t he nu b er of p er so ns i p l ic a ted in t hi s a a ir , i p ris oned '

 THE M EE TI NG A T M A LKI N T O W E R . 27 7

in L a n c a s t er c a stl e, w a s i ncr ea s ed to l ve a m
tw e ong w ho mw er e
E l i z a b et h D ev ic e, her s o n J a m
,

es , a nd Al ic e Nu t t er o f R o u gh ,

Les , a l a dy o f fortu n e
F ro mt hei nfor m
.

er J ennet D evic e t hew ort h y j u stic e ex t r a c t ed

a m
, ,

ore pa r t i cu l a r a cco u nt o f t he fea st a t t heM a l ki n t o w er S he

nt y p er s o ns p r es ent o f w ho mthr e
.

s a id th er e w er e a bo u t t w e e
o nly w er e m en a nd th a t t he ho u r o f m
,

eeti ng w a s t w el ve o c l oc k

,

o f t he d a T h ey h a d to t h eir di nn er b e ef b a co n a n d ro a s t e d
y
mu tt o n ; w hich mu t ton a s t hi s ex a mi na tes broth er sa id w a s
.
, , ,

, ,

of a w e t h er o f C hri s to p h er S w y er s o f B a rl e y ; w hich w et h er

w a s bro u gh t i n t he n ight b efor e i nt o t hi s ex a m i na t es m

,

oth er s

h o u se b y t he s a id J a m es D evic e a nd in t h is ex a m i n a t es s ight
,

w a s k i ll ed a n d ea t en a s a for es a id Joh n B a l co ck o ne o f t he
men pres e nt a t t hi s m A w om a n na m
.
,

eet i ng t u r ned t he S pit ed

P r es t o n o f C r a v en in Y ork shir e w a s bro u ght b y her fa m
.
,

i li a r
w ho ha d t a k en t he for mo f a w hi t e fo a l fo r t h a t p u rpo s e J a m
, , , ,

es
Devic e w ho co nfes s ed t h a t he ha d b een p r es ent a t t he m
.

, eet i ng
i n M a l k i n T o w er a dd ed ,

th a t a ll t he w i t ch es w en t o u t o f t he
,

s a id ho u s e in t h eir o w n sh a p es a nd l ik enes s es A nd t h ey a ll b y .
,

t h a t t h ey w er e forth o f t h e door s go t o n hor s eb a ck l ik e u n to

foa l s s o m e o f o ne co l or s o m
,

e o f a noth er ; a nd P r est on s w i fe

, ,

w a s t he l a s t ; a nd w h en she g o t o n hor s eb a c k th ey a ll pr es ent l y

xa m
,

v a ni s h ed o u t o f thi s e i na t es s ight A nd b ef or e t h eir s a id

pa rti ng a w a y they a ll a ppoi nt ed to m

.

eet a t t he s a id P r es t o n s

w i fes ho u s e t h a t d a y t w el vem o nt h ; a t w hi ch ti m
,

e t he s a id P r es

t o n s w i fe pro m

i s ed t o m a k e th e ma grea t fea st A nd if t h ey ha d
oc c a s io n t o m eet in t he m ea nt i m
.

e t h er e sho u l d w a rni ng b e g iv
en t h a t t h ey a ll sho u l d m eet u po n R o m
,

l eyes M oor
S ever a l o f t he p ers o n s a t t hi s m eet i n g w er e r el a t ed in s o m
, .

e
w a y o r o t h er to t he D evic es or t o t h eir ri va l s a nd th ey a pp ea r t o ,

ha ve b een g en er a lly o f a very equ i v oc a l ch a r a c t er i n o t h er r e

ep c o ts O n e p er so n no w i m pl ic a t ed in t hi s a ff a ir Al ic e Nu t ter
s m u ch sy m p a thy S hew a s a w o m
.
, ,

O f R o u g h Lee a l o n eexcit e an

ra bl e pro pert y a nd h el d a r es p ecta b l e p o s i t io n a m

.
,

o f co ns id e o ng
t he b et t er fa m
,

i l i es in t he co u n t y R o u gh Lee her r es id en c e is
s ti ll s ta nd i ng a nd is a goo d s p eci m en o f t he g entl em
.
, ,

a n s ho u s e

,

o f th a t p eriod J ennet D ev ic e t he l i t t l e g irl w a s ev i d ent ly s u b

.
, ,

o r ne d t o s w ea r a w a y t hel i ves o f her r el a t i v es a n d th er ea p p ea r ed ,

g ood r e a s o n fo r b e l i e v i n g th a t s h e i ntrod u c e d Al ic e N u tter i nt o

t he p l o t a t t he d es ir e o f s o m e o f t h a t l a dy s r el a ti ves w ho w er e

ea g er t o ob t a i n her pro p erty w hich w o u l d co m e to t h emb y h er

,

it a g eo n her d ea t h I t ha s b een fu r t h er h a nd ed do w n b y t r a di
.

t ion t ha t J u st ic e No w ell o w ed t he l a dy a gru d g eo n a c co u nt o f a

24
27 8 S O R C E RY A ND M AGI C .

'

l o ng di s pu ted qu es t io n o f a bo u nd a ry b et w een their l a nd s a nd

-

th a t hea t l ea st ga v eenco u r a gem

,

ent t o t hi s co nsp ira c a ga i ns t her

T he c h a rg es bro u gh t a g a i nst A l ic e Nu t t er o n t y
.

e t ri a l w ere
chi e y r em a r k a b l e fo r t h eir w ea k ne ss J enn et D ev ic e a nd her
brot h er J a m es d ec l a r ed t h a t s he w a s a t t he m
.

eeti ng a t t he M a l
k i n t o w er o n G ood F ri d a y a nd E l i z a b et h D ev ic es a id she joi ned
w i t h her a nd O l d Dem d ik e in b ew i t chi n g a m a n na m
,

ed M i t to n
t o d ea t h m
,

er ely b ec a u s e t he s a id M i t t o n h a d refu s ed t o g i ve O l d
Dem
,

d ik e a p enny
O l d Dem
.

d ik e es c a p ed t he cr u el t y o f t he l a w b y d y ing in p ri s
o n a few d a y s a ft er s he ha d b een co m mit t ed T h u s M o t her
C ha t t o x b ec a m
.

e t he chi ef o f t he w itch es w ho w er e bro u ght i nt o

co u r t fo r t ri a l o n t he 1 9 t h o f A u gu st S heis d es crib ed a s a very
d sp en t a n d d ecr epi t crea t u re her s ight a l m
.

o l d w i t h er e
, , , o st go ne, .

M o t h er C ha t t o x w a s q u i t e b l i n d ; her l ip s w er e ever ch a tteri ng

a nd t a l ki ng b u t n o m a n k n ew w h a t a n d s he w a s a l w a ys m ore
r ea dy t o do m i s chi ef to m en s good s t h a n th em
,

se l v es in t hi s
r es p ec t t he co nt r a ry o f Dem d ik e w ho t ook d el ight in ki ll i ng a nd
t or m ent i ng t he p er s o n s o f her enem
,

i es S he w a s nev erth el es s .
, ,

n o t orio u s a s a d a n g ero u s w i t ch a nd w a s a l w a y s o p po s it e t o

O ld Dem dik e fo r w ho mt he o n e f a vor ed t he o t h er h a t ed d ea d

,

B et w een t h em no d o u bt t he fores t o f P en d l e m
, ,

ly u s t h a ve

b een a n a gr eea bl eneighborhood Y et M ot h er C ha t t o x ha d s o m

.
, ,

e
feel i ngs o f a ff ec t io n fo r w h en j u dg m
.

ent w a s pro nou nc ed u po n

h er s he cri ed o u t i n a d i st r a c t ed m r t h a t G o d w ou l d b e m
,

,
a nn e er
c ifu l t o he r a n d fa ll i n g o n he r k ne es s u pp l ic a t ed t he j u dg e t h a t
b e m
, ,

h e w o u ld er c i fu l u nto A n ne R ed fer ne h er d a u gh t er
Dem
, .

dik es d a u gh t er E l i z a b et h D evic e w a s n ex t bro u gh t t o t he

T hi s odio u s w i t ch w a s br a nd ed w i t h a p r epo stero u s m

, ,

b ar a rk

i n n a t u r e even fro mh er bir t h w hich w a s her l eft eye s t a nd i ng

.

, ,

l o w er t h a n t he o t h er ; t he o ne l ooki ng do w n t he o t h er l oo k i ng
ly d efor m
,

u p s o st r a n ge ed t h a t t he b es t t h a t w er e p r es ent in th a t
honor a b l e a ss em bly a n d gr ea t a u di enc e did a i r mt h a t th ey h a d
,

n o t o ft en s een t he l ik e

W h en t hi s w o m
. a n s a w he r o w n c hi l d

s t a nd u p in ev id e nc e a g a i n s t her she b u r s t i nt o a v io l e nt p a s s io n

r a cc u s t o m ed m
, ,

a ccordi n g to h e a nner o u t ra geo u s ly c u rs i ng

cri ed o u t a ga i nst t he chi l d in s u ch a fea r fu l m
, ,

a n ner a s a ll t he

co u rt did no t a l i t t l e w o nd er a t her a n d s o a m
,

a z ed t he chi l d a s

w i t h w eepi ng t ea r s s he cri ed o u t to m
, ,

y l ord t h e j u dg e a nd t o l d

h i mshe w a s no t a b l e to s p ea k in t he pr es enc e o f her m

,

oth er .

I n t h e end t h ey w er e ob l ig ed to t a k e E l i z a b et h D evi c ea w a y a nd ,

th en t he d a u gh t er g a ve her evid enc e u n co ncerned T he other .

p ri s o ner s w er e t hen brou ght to th eir tri a l in su c cessio n Fo u r .

,
 E X E C UTI O N OF T H E WIT C HE S . 279

C ha t t o x , E l i z a b et h D ev ic e a nd t h e t w o chi l dr en o f t he l a tt er
am s a n d A l iz o n ) h a d m
,

( J e a d e co nfe s s io ns a nd th e r efor e th e y
h a d l itt l e t o hop e W i t h t h emw er e co nvic t ed A nne R ed fer ne
, ,

.
,

Al ic eNu tt er K a t h a ri ne H ew it Joh n B a lco ck a nd his w i feJ a ne

, , , ,

a ll o f P e n d l e a nd I sa b el R ob y o f W i nd l e in t he p a ri s h o f P r es
co t w h o m
, , ,

a i nt a i n e d t h eir i nnoc enc e to t he l a st T h ey w er e a l l

b u r nt t he d a y a fter th eir t ri a l a t t he co m m
.
,

o n p l a c e o f execu
O ne M a rg a r et P ea rs o n o f P a dih a m
,

tio n nea r to L a n c a st er
tho u gh convict ed o f b ei ng a w i t ch w a s d ea l t m
.
, ,

ore l eni ent ly w i t h

b ei n g o nly co nd em
, ,

ned t o e x p o su r e o n t he p i ll ory T w o oth er s .

w er e a cqu itt ed .

Y ou ng J ennet D ev ic e w ho fo r her a g e a p p ea r s t o h a v e p o s
d a t l ea s t a s evi l di s po s i t io n a s a ny o f t hem w a s s p a r ed a s
,

s es s e ,

t h e p ri n ci p a l ev id enc e a g a i ns t t he a cc u s ed H er d ec l a r a t io n .

p ro ved t h a t she w a s no t u na cq u a i nt ed w i t h t hepr a c t ic es o f her p a

r e nt s a nd sheco nfes s e
,
d t h a t her m

o t her ha d t a u ght her t w o pr a y
,

er s t h e o ne t o c u r e t he b ew i t ch ed a nd t he o t h er t o g et dri nk
, , .

T he a ye o r r t h e ch mt c et h oseb ew it hed w hi h J ennet De icehad

r ra r ar o u r c c v

l ear ned r o mh e mt he w mit p h seol gy w as e ide t ly

, , ,

r a s f llo w
o a nd f
r, as o s, ro s ra o v n

t hen o f co n id e b le a n t iq it y
s ra u

U p n G ood F i d a y I w ill fast w hileI m

.

o ay r
U nt ill I h e e t hemk n ell
,

ar
L d w n b ell
'
O ur or s o s
L d i hi m
.

e e
or n s ss

W it h hi t w el e p t les g ood s v a os ,

W h t h t h he i n hi h a nd 7 a a s
Li g h in le t h w nd a a .

W h t h t h he in hi ot he ha nd ?
a a s r
H e en do r e key av

s o .

O pe p en h e en d ek eyes
n, o , av oo r .

S t e k t e k h ell d oo e c s c r
i m h ild
, ,

Let cr z u c

G e t i t mt h e m
a

o il d
o s o r .

W h t i y de t h t a t s l ig ht f r r a nd ly 1
on r a ca s s a so a

M ine w ne d e e nne t h a t na ild t t he t r ee

o ar so
'
s o .

H ei n il d e b y t hehe t a nd h a nd
s u sor ar ,

A d h ly h ne p a nne n o ar
W ell i t h t mn
.

s a a ,

T h t F yd p ell a n
h ild t y me;
a r a s c ,

Hi s c o sa
A f b l ew nd a n t he
c r o ss o f r ed , a o r o ,

A g d Lo d w s too t he o d r as o r a s
G b iel l id himd w ne t
.

a r leep e a o o s

U p n t he n d o f h ly w eep e; o o o
G d Lo me w l ki g b y
oo r ca a n ,

S leep t t h w ke t t h s G b iel ? ou a s ou a r
N L d I m t ed w i t h t i k e nd st k e
, ,

0, or , a s s c a a ,

Th t I n ei t h e l eep e n
a ca w ke n r s or a
w it h m
.

Ri e G b iel s d g
0 e a r , an as ,

T he t k n t he t k e h ll n e e
s ic r de
ser et hee s a s a v
me
or .

S w eet J esu s , ou r L or d , a n .

It 8 s mef or a r r a g o of o
p p ish r elig iou s v er ses .
280 S O RCE R Y A ND MAGIC .

O neo t h er o f t hew i t ch es w ho met a t t he fa a t l a ss e mb ly in M l a

k in to w er w a s bro u ght t o t he s c a ff o l d a t t he s a s me ti me Thi .

w a s J ennet P r es t o n o f G i s bor n e i n C r a v en w ho w a s tri ed a t

Y ork fo r b ew i t ch ing s o m em em b er s O f t he fa m
, , ,

i ly o f L i st er i n
C r a ven a n d fo r o t h er s i m
,

i l a r o ff enc es ; b u t t hep r i ncip a l ev id enc e

ri ved fro mt hec o nfess io ns o f E l i z a b eth J a m
,

a g a i ns t h er w a s d e es

, ,

a nd J enne t D ev i c e I t w a s s he w ho rod e to t he M a lk i n to w er
.

o n a w hi t e fo a l S he di ed w i t ho u t co nfes s io n
. .

J ennet D evic e o nly es c a p ed t he s c a o l d o n thi s occ a s ion as

'

it ha s b een s u ppo s ed t o u nd ergo s o m ew h a t l a t er t he s a m

,

edrea d
f nl p u n i s h m ent t h a t she h a d bro u gh t o n so m
,

a ny o f he r r el a ti ve s .

T w ent y y ea r s a ft er t he ev ent s d et a i l ed a bo ve t he w itch es s ti ll

co n ti nu ed t o h o ld t h eir m
,

eet i n g s in t he fo r est o f P end l e in gr ea t

er nu m b er s t h a n ev er b u t fo r s o m
,

e r ea s o n o r o t h er t he o l d r en
d ez vo u s a t M a l ki n t o w er s eem
,

s t o h a v e b ee n d es ert e d a n d t h ey
n o w a ss em b l ed a t a p l a c e a t so m e di sta n c e fro mit na m
,

ed t he
H o a r s t o nes a hou s e w h i ch is s a id t o b e s t i ll s t a ndi ng O n t he
-

l 0t h o f F ebr u a ry 1 633 a l a d na m ed E d m
.
,

u n d R obi ns o n t he s o n
o f a poor m ma d e t he foll o w i ng s tra nge
, , ,

a s o n in P end l e for es t ,

d ecl a ra t io n b efo r e t w o j u s t ic es o f t he p ea c e H e s a id t h a t o n .

All S a i nt s d a y in t he p r ec edi ng y ea r he w a s g a t h eri n g b u ll i es

or w i l d p l u m
, ,

e
s in W h a t l ey l a ne w h e n he s a w t w o gr e , y ho u n d s ,

o ne b l a c k a n d t he o t h er bro w n r u n ni ng o v e r t he next el d t o
w a rd hi m T h ey c a m e t o himfa m
,

. i l i a rly a nd t h en b e p erc ei ved ,

t hey ha d ea ch a co ll a r w hich did shi n el i k e gol d a nd t o w hich
, ,

a s t ri n g w a s a t t a ch e d S eei ng t h a t nobo dy fo ll o w ed t he gr ey
h o u nd s he i m m
.

a i ned t he
g y b el o n g ed t o s o e o f t h e n e i g hbor s a n d
h a d brok e l oo s e a nd a s a t t h a t m om
,

ent a h a r e s t a r t ed u p a t a
short di s t a nc e fr o mhim he t ho u g ht h e w o u l d s e t t h emt o h u nt
, ,

it a nd poi nt i ng a t it he cri ed
, ,
LO O 10 0 b u t t o no p u rp o s e fo r
, , ,

t he dog s w o u ld n o t r u n
W her eu po n b eing very a n gr y he
t ook t h em a nd w i t h t he st ri n g s t h a t w er e a t t h eir co ll a r s t i ed
.
p ,

ei t h er o f t h emt o a l it t l e b u s h a t t he n ext h edg e a nd w i t h a rod

, ,

th a t he ha d in h is h a nd he b ea t t h em; a n d i nst ea d o f t he b l a c k
,

gr eyho u n d o ne Dicki n s o n s w i fe s t ood u p a neighbor w ho mt hi s

i nfor m
,

er k no w et h a nd i nst ea d o f t he bro w n grey hou n d a l it tl e

bo y w ho mthi s i nfo r m
,

er k no w et h no t Y o u n g R obi ns o n p r o
d t o s t a t e t h a t in his t error he a tt em
.

c eed e pt ed t o r u n a w a y b u t
w a s a rr est ed by t h e w o m
, , ,

a n w ho u t he r h a nd i nt o he r poc k e t
p
a nd p u l led o u t a pi ec e o f s i l ver m
, ,

u ch l ik e u nt o a fa ir s hi ll i ng

a nd o ff er ed t o gi v e h imt o ho l d his t o ng u e a nd n o t t o t e
,

ll w hic h , ,

h e r efu s ed s a y i ng Na y t ho u a r t a w i t ch ! W h er eu po n she
, , ,

p u t he r h a n d i nt o he r p o cke t a a i n a nd p u ll e
g d o u t a s t ri n
g lik ,
e
 YOUNG R O B I NS O N S '
AD VE NT U RE S . 281

t
un o a bri dl e th a t j i ngl ed w hich she p u t u po n t he l i t tl e boy s
,

h ea d th a t st ood u p in t he b r o w n gr eyho u nd s stea d w h er eu po n

T he w o m
,

t he s a id bo y s t ood u p a w hi t e ho r s e a n no w s e i z ed
u po n E d m d himo n t he hor s e b efore her a nd
.

u nd R o b i ns o n p l a c e

r od ew ith hi mto H o a r s t o nes w h er e

, ,

t h er ew er e di ver s p er s o ns
-

a bo u t t he door a nd h e s a w di ver s o t h er s co m
,

, i ng r idi ng u pon
h or s es o f s evera l co l o r s to w a rd t he ho u s e w hich t i ed th eir hor ,

r es t o a h e dge n ea r to t he s a id ho u s e; a nd w hich p er s o ns w ent

i nt o t he S a id ho u s e t o t he n u m b er o f thr ees cor e or t her ea bo u ts
a s thi s i nfor m er t hi nk et h w h er e t h ey ha d a r e a nd m
, ,

ea t ro a s t
i ng a nd s o m e o t h er m
,

ea t s t irri ng in t he ho u s e w h er eo f a y o u ng
w om a n w ho m he t hi s i nfor m er k no w et h no t g a v e hi m es h a nd
, ,

, ,

br ea d u po n a t ren ch er a nd dri nk in a gl a s s w hich a ft er t he rs t

t a s t ehe r efu s ed a nd w o u l d h a v eno m
, ,

or e a nd sa id it w a s na u gh t
A n d pres ent ly a ft er s eei ng d iv er s o f t he co m
, , .

p a ny goi ng t o a b a r n
a r a djoi n i ng he f o ll o w ed a ft er a nd t h er e h e s a w s ix o f t h em
,

ne , ,

k n eel i ng a nd p u ll i ng a t s ix s ever a l ro pes w hich w er e fa s t ened o r

ti ed t o t he t O p o f t he hou s e a t or w i t h w hich p u ll i ng c a m e t h en
i n thi s i nfor m er s s ight es h s m oki ng b u t t er i n l u m p s a nd m
,

ilk
r e syl eing ( s t r a ining ) fro mt he s a id rop es a ll w hich fell
, , ,

a s it w e , ,

i nto b a s i ns w hich w er e p l a c ed u nd er t he s a id rop es A nd a ft er

tha t t hes esix ha d don e t h er e c a m
.

e oth er S ix w hich did l i k ew i s e

a nd d u ri n g a l l t he ti m e o f t h eir s o p u ll i ng t h ey m
, ,

a d e s u ch fo u l

fa c es t h a t fea r ed thi s i nfor m

,

er s o a s hew a s gl a d to s t ea l o u t a nd
r u n ho m H e fu r t h er sta t ed th a t t he w o m
,

e en in t he b a rn ha d
th er e p ictu r es or i m
.

a ge s w hich t h ey w er e pri c ki n g w i t h
,

t hor ns .

No s oo n er w a s y o u ng R obi ns o n s ight di s co v er ed t h a n a p a rty

s o f w ho m t he for em
,

o f t he w itch e o s t w a s Dicki n s o n s w i fej u s t

ment io ned the w i fe o f a ma n na med L oynd or Lo yne a nd Jen

,

, ,

ne t D ev ic e joi n ed i n t he pu r s u i t a nd th ey ha d n ea r ly o verta k en
h i ma t a sp o t w hich bor e t he s o m ew h a t o m i no u s n a m
, ,

e o f Bo g
g a rd ho
-
l e w h e n
,
t he a p p ea r a n c e o f t w o hor s e m e n c a u sed t h e m
t o d es i s t H is tro u b l es ho w ever w er e no t t hu s end ed fo r o n
h is r et u r n ho m his fa t h er b a d e hi mgo fet ch
.
.
, ,

e in t he even i ng
hom
,

e t w o ky n e to s c a l e ( t ie u p i n t heir s t a lls a n d in t he w a y ,

in a el d c a ll ed t he O ll er s h e ch a nc ed t o ha p u po n a bo y w ho
b ega n t o q u a rr el w i t h hi ma nd t h ey fo u ght so t oget h er t i ll t hi s
,

i nfo r m er ha d his ea r s m
,

a de ve ry bl ood y b y ght i n g a nd l ooki ng ,

d o w n he sa w t he boy ha d a c l o ven fo o t a t w hich s i g h t h e w a s ,

T h er e is so e r oo m
a ft e m
r a ll, fo r d o u b t i f t is J enn et D e
.
v ic e b e t h e s a h
e w ho m
l
g u r ed i n t het r i a s in 1 6 1 2 I n t he co p o f t he d epo sit ion i a L o r d Lo n d es b o r ou g h s
'

m m
.

eviceu x o r W i ll i el i Devi ce
. o
"
a nu scr i p t sheis d e scr ib ed as J en net .
 2 82 S O R C E RY AND MAGIC .

a fr a id , a nd r a n a w a y fro m m hi t o s eek t h e k yn e A nd in t he
m
.

w a y h e s a w a l ight l i k e a l a n t ern, to w a rd w hich h e a d e h a st e

m
,

s u p po s i ng it t o b ec a rri e d b y s o eo f M r R obi ns on s p eo p l e [o ne

m m
.

o f t h eir or e w ea l thy neighbor s] b u t w h en he c a e t o t he

m
p l a c e, he o nly fo u nd a w o a n st a ndi ng on a bridge, w ho , w h en m
h e s a w her , he k new t o b e Lo ynd s w i fe, a nd k no w i n g her , he

t u r ned b a ck a ga i n, a nd i mm edi a t ely he m et w ith t h e a f o r esa i d

m m
bo y , fro w ho he o ff ered t o r u n, w hich b oy ga ve hi a b l o w on m
t he b a ck w hich c a u s ed h i m to cry
The bo y s fa th er , i n con

m m
.

r a t io n o f t hi s s tory , a ck no w l edged send i ng hi fo r t h e t w o

ky ne, a nd a dd ed t h a t , thi nki n g h e s t a y ed l onger th a n h e sho u ld
m
h a v e do ne, hew ent to s eek hi , a nd in s eek i ng hi h ea rd hi m m
m
cry v er y p iti fu lly , a nd fo u nd hi s o a fra id a nd di s t ra ct ed , tha t he
n ei t h er k new his fa t h er , n o r did he k no w w her e h e w a s , a nd so
co nt i nu ed very nea r a qu a r t er o f a n hou r b efore he c a e t o hi m m
se

m
l f, w h en he to l d his fa t h er t he s a e story w hich he no w r e
p e a t ed b e for e t h em a gi st ra t es

m m
.

T he bo y R obi ns o n, in his d ep o s itio n , entio n ed t he na es of

s u ch o f t he p er s o ns p r e se nt a t t he m eeti ng a t H o a r s to n es a s he
-

k n ew , w ho w er e i mm mm
edi a t ely s ei z ed a nd co i t t ed t o L a n c a ster
c a s t l e A s he s a id he sho u l d recogni se t he others i f he sa w
m
.

th e , he w a s c a r ri ed a bou t b y his fa t h er a nd ot her s t o t he

ch u rch es o f t he neighbori ng p a ri sh es to ex a i ne co ng r ega tio ns,m
a nd in t hi s w a
y he g a i ne d a co ns id e r a b l e m m
su

of o ne y . J oh n
W eb s t er , w ho se Di s p l a y i ng o f W itc hcra ft is o ne o f t he b est
book s o n t he s u bj ect pu bl ish ed d u ri ng t he s ev ent eenth c entu r y ,
ha s gi ven u s a c u rio u s a cco u nt o f t h ese p roc eedi ngs

. It c a e m
to p a s s , hes a ys , th a t thi s s a id bo y w a s bro u ght i nt o t h ech u rch
o f K i l d w ick , a l a rg e p a ri s h ch u rch w h e r e I (b ei ng th en c u ra te
th er e) w a s pr ea chi ng in t he a ft ernoo n, a nd w a s s et u po n a st a ll
( h e b ei n g b u t a bo u t t en or e l e v en y e a r s o l d ) t o l ook a bo u t hi , m
w hi c h m m
o ved s o e l i t t l e di st u r b a n c e in t he co ngrega tio n fo r a
w hi l e m
A nd a ft er pr a y er s I i nqu iri ng w h a t t h e a t t er w a s , t he
m
.

p eopl e t o l d e t h a t it w a s t he bo y th a t di s co vered w i t ch es , u p on
w hi ch I w ent to t he ho u s e w h er e h e w a s to s t a y a ll n igh t , w h er e
m
I fo u nd hi a nd t w o very u nl ik ely ( ill lo oking ) p er s ons th a t did
-

m m
co nd u c t h i a nd a na g e h is bu s i nes s I d es ired to h a ve s o e
. m
d i s co u r s e w ith t he bo y in pri va t e, b u t th a t th ey u tt erly r efu s ed
m
.

T h en , in t he p r es enc e o f a g r ea t a ny p e o pl e, I t ook t he boy

n ea r m e, a nd s a id , G ood b o y, t ell m e t r u ly , a n d i n ea r nest , di d
m
tho u s ee a nd h ea r s u ch s t r a ng e t hi ng s o f t he eeti ng o f w itch es
a s is r e m
por t ed b y a ny th a t tho u do s t r el a t e, or d id no t so e per m
s o n t ea ch th e e to s a y s u ch t hi ng s o f thy s el f ?
Bu t t he t w o m en
 THE YOUNG W IT CH FINDE R -
. 283

no t g i vin
g t h e bo y l e a ve t o a ns w e r did p l u c k h i m f ro m m e a n d
en exa m
, ,

sa i d he ha d b e i ned b y t w o a bl e j u stic es o f t he p ea c e
y did nev er a sk himsu ch a q u est io n to w ho mI r ep l i ed
,

a nd t h e

t he p er s o ns a cc u s ed ther efor e ha d t he m
,

or e w ro n g
By m ea n s l ik e th es e a nu m
.

b er o f w r etc hed p erso ns w ere

t h r o w n i nto pri s o n t o t he a m
,

o u nt o f nea rly thirty T h ey w er e

no s oo ner a rr es ted t h a n p eop l e w er e fo u n d to a cc u s e t h emo f a
, .

ty o f cri m
,

va r i e es chi e y t h a t o f k ill i ng o r s erio u sly i nj u ri ng p eo

m
,

p l e b y w i t chcr a f t It i.s r a t he r a s i n g u l a r coi n cid e n c e o f na e s ,

th a t J ennet D evic e w a s ch a r g ed w ith ki ll i ng I s a b ell e t he w i f e

of W i ll i a mNu tt er T he cri m e o f a n oth er M a ry S p en c er w a s
llo ck e to co m
.
, ,

ca u s eing a p a l eo r c e e to her fu ll o f w a ter fo u r t een

a r d s u p a hi ll fr o ma w e no t h er n a m

y ll A . e d M a r ga re, t Joh n
so n w a s a cc u s e d o f k i ll i n g H enr y H ea p e a nd o f w a sti ng a nd
im
, ,

p a iri ng t he bod y o f J enn et S ha ck l eton A s t he ev id enc e a p .

p ea r s to h a ve b een o t h er w i se r a t h er d e ci ent a ll t h es e p ers o ns

w er e s ea rch ed fo r m
,

a rk s w hich w er e fo u nd in gr e
,
a t a b u nd a nc e ,

a nd it is s t a t ed a t t h eend o f t h e l i s t t h a t a g a i ns t o ne p er s o n ut
, , p
on h e r t ri a l th e re w a s no ev id enc e fo u n d o nly i n s ea rch a

ma r k fo u nd o n her body
, ,

A t t he ensu i ng a ss i z es a t L a n c a ster
.

t he p ri s o ner s w er e a l l p u t u po n t h eir tri a l a nd no l es s th a n s ev

O ne o f th ema t
,

ent een w er e o n su ch evid en c e fo u nd gu i l ty

l ea s t M a rga r et Joh nso n ha d ma d e a co nfes s ion w hich a s co n
.

, , , ,

t a i n i ng a pp a r ent ly a n a b str a ct o f t he fu ll ch a r a c t er o f a w itch a c

cor d i n g t o t heb el ief o f L a n c a s hir e a t t hi s p eriod d es erv es to b e
p ri nted It is h er e gi v en verb a t i mfro mL ord Lo nd es b o r o u gh s
,

ma nu s cri pt M a rg a ret Joh nson o n t he 9t h o f M a rch 1 633 b e

.
, ,

fo r e t he s a m
.
, , ,

e j u s t ic es w ho ha d t a k en t he d epo s i t io n o f t he bo y
R o bi n s o n s a,
id th a t
,
b e t w e e n e s ev en or e igh t y e ar e s s i nc e s h e e ,

hs ei ng in her ho u s ea t M a r s d en in g r ea t e p a s s io n a nd a ng er a nd
d i s co n tented a nd w it ha l l O pp r es s ed w ith so m
,

e w a nt t h er e a p
r a s piri t or d evil l in t hes i m
, ,

e ar e d u nt o he il i t u d ea nd proport io n o f a
p
ma n a p p a r r elled in a su iteo f bl a ck e t i ed a bou t w i t h sil k e poi ntes
w ho e o er ed h er yf s h ee w o u l d gi v e himher s o u l e hee w o u l d
, ,
'

, ,

su pp ly a ll h e r w a n t es a n d bri ng t o her w h a t s o ev er s h ee w a nt ed

d ed a nd a t her a ppoi nt ment w o u l d hel p e her t o ki ll a nd

,

o r nee
r of m
,

r eve ng e he r eit h e en o r b ea s te or w h a t s he d es ir ed ; a nd
,

y
A ver cu r iou s v o u e o f l m ma nu scr ip t s r e a t ing t o l
a g ic a nd so r c e r , r ece m
nt y ly
l
b ishe d b L r d L o n d es b or o u g h, co n t a i ns e ar co p ie ly
s o f t h ed ep o s it io ns o f E d

m
u y o
p
u nd R o b inso n a nd his f a t e h
r , o f t heco nfes s io n o f M a r g a r et J o nso n, w
o ic is g iven h h h
l h l h
f u r t her o n, and o f t he is t o f p er so ns b r o u g t t o t r ia , w i t t he d es cr i p t io n o f t he ir
m a r k s, a n d a n enu m m
er a t io n o f t h e cr i es w it w ic t he w er ec ha r g ed h h h y T he
m m ly
.

a r ks a r e de scr ib e d t oo inu t e t o allo w of t his cu r iou s p a p er b eing p r int ed in a

w or k lik et hepr esent .
2 84 S O RC E RY AND MAGIC .

af t er a soll ic it a cio n or two s h ee co ntra cted a nd condicion ed w ith

t h e s a id d ev i l l or s p ir it t fo r her s o u l e A nd t he s a id d c viil ha d
h er c a ll h imb y t he n a m e o f M cm
.

i ll ion a nd w h en s h ee c a ll ed
,

hee w o u l d b ee r ea d y to d o e her w i ll A nd sh ee s a i t h th a t in al l
her t a l k e a nd co nfer enc e s h ee c a l l ed t he sa id M em
.

il l io n her god
A nd sh ee fu rth er sa i t h th a t sh eew a s no t a t t he gr ea t e m eet
i nge o f t he w i t ch es a t H a r est o nes in t he forr est o f P en dl eo n
All S a i ntes d a y l a st p a s t b u t sa ith th a t sh ee w a s a t a s econd
meet inge t he S u nd a y a ft er All S a i nt es d a y a t t hep la c ea foresa id
,

w h er e th er e w a s a t th a t ti m
,

e b et w eens t hir t y a nd fort y w i t ch es

w hich did a l l rid e to t hes a id m
,

eet ing e A nd t heend o f t hesa i d

meet inge w a s t o consu l t fo r t he k i ll i ng a nd hu rt i ng o f ma n and
.

hea st es ; a nd t h a t th er e w a s o n e d ev ill or sp ir it t th a t w a s m ore

gr ea te a nd gr a nd d ev ill t h en t her est a nd yf a ni ew itch d es ired t o
h a ve s u ch a n o n e th ey m
,

,
ight h a v e s u ch a n o ne t o ki ll or hu rt
a ni e bo d y A nd sh ee fu rt h er s a i t h th a t s u ch w itch es a s h a ve
S h a rp e b o a n es a r e gener a lly fo r t he d evill to p ric k t h emw i t h
.
,

w hich h a v e n o p a pp s no r d u ggs b u t r a i s et h b l ood f ro mt he p l a c e

p rick ed w i t h t heb o nu s w hich w itch es a r e m
,

,
or egrea te a nd gra nd
w i t c h es t h a n t h ey w hich h a ve p a pp s o r d u gs A nd s h ee b eeing
fu r th er a s k ed w h a t p er so ns w er e a t th eir l a s t m eet ing e s hena m
.

ed
o ne C a r n a ll a nd h is w i fe R a s o n a nd his w i fe Pi c k ha m
,

p , e r a n d ,

his w i fe D u ffy a nd his w i fe a nd o ne J a ne C a rbo nell w h ereof

Pi c k ha m er s w i fe is t he m
, , ,

o st gr ea t e gra nd a nd a u n cyen t w i t ch ;
, ,

a n d t h a t o ne w i t c h a l o ne c a n ki ll a b e a st a nd f th e y h idd th e ir
y
s pirit or d c vil l t o goo a nd pri c k e o r h u rt a ni e m
,

a n in a n i e a r t ic
p
u l er p l a c e h ee p r es e
,
nt ly w i ll d o e it And t h a t th eir sp ir i t t s h a ve
.

u s u a lly k no w l e dge o f th eir bodi es A nd shee fu rt h er s a i t h t he

men w i t ch es h a ve w o emen s p ir it t s a nd w o emen w itch es h a ve
.

men s p ir it t s a nd tha t G ood F rid a y is o neo f th eir co nsta nt da ies

,

o f t h eir g e ner a l ] m eet i ngs a nd th a t o n G ood F ri d a y l a s t th ey ha d

a m
,

eet ing e neer e P end l e w a t er s id e; a nd s a ith th a t t h ei r s pirit

d o elh t ell t h emw h er e th ei r m eeti ngs m u st b e e a nd i n w h a t ,

p l a c e; a nd s a i t h t h a t i f a w itch d esir e t o b ee in a ni e p l a c e u p on
a s u dd a ine t h a t o n a do g g or a rod o r a c a t t th eir sp i r it t w i ll
m m m
,

p r e se n t ly co nv ey t h e t hi t h er or i nto a n
, y roo e i n an
y an s

ho u s e B u t sh ee sa ith it is no t t he su b st a nc e o f their bodi es

th a t do eth g o e i nt o a ni e su ch r o o m
.

es b u t t h eir sp ir it t s t h a t a s
su m e s u c h s ha p e a nd for m
,

e A nd sh ee fu rt h er sa i t h th a t t he
d c vill a ft er hee b egi ns t o su ck e w i ll m
.

a k e a p a pp or a d a g g in a

S ho r t t i m e a nd t he m
, ,

a t t er he e su ck efh is b l ood A n d fu r t h er
th er a nd storm
.
,

s a it h t h a t t he d ev i l ] c a n r a i s e fo u l e w e es a n d s oo
hee did a t th eir m
,

eet ing es . A nd she fu rth er s a ith tha t w h en t he

 THE I M PO S T U RE DIS C O VE RED . 285

d cvi ll ca me t c k he p
o su r a pp m
he c a e t o her i n t he l ic k ness o f
omet i m m m
,

a c a tt, s e f e
s o on co llo u r a nd s o et i es o f a no t h er . A nd
s i nce t hi s t ro u b l e b e fell her , her s p i r it t h a th l eft her , a nd sh ee
never s a w e h i m s i nc e
.

A l th o u gh t he j u ry w er e s a ti s ed w ith t he evid en c e in t hi s
ca s e, su ch w a s no t t he c a s e w i t h t he j u d g e, w ho r e spi t e d t he
pri s o n ers , a nd t he a ff a ir w a s r eport ed t o t he k i n g in co u nci l
m m
.

C ha r l es I ha d no t t he sa ew ea k pr ej u dic es in t h ese a t t ers a s

.

his f a t her , a nd by his ord er s , a n i nq u iry w a s i ns t i t u t ed a t C h es

t er , u nd er t he dir ectio n o f t he b i sho p , t he r es u l t o f w hi ch w a s
tha t fo u r o f t he co nv ict ed w itch es , M a rga ret Joh ns on (w ho s e
co n f e s s io n ha s j u s t b e en gi v en ), F r a nc es Dick en so n, M a r y
S pen c er , a nd t he w i fe o f o ne o f t he H a rgrea v es , w er e s ent to
m
Lo ndo n, a nd th er e ex a i ned , rst by t he ki n g s ph y s ici a ns , a nd

then b y t he ki ng in p erson S t ro ng su spicio ns h a vi ng a ri sen,

m
.

t he b o y w a s ep a r a t ed fro his fa t h er (t h ey ha d bo t h b een

br o u ght t o L ondo n), a nd t h en he co nfess ed th a t t he w h o l e w a s
an i m p o s tu r e, a nd t h a t he ha d b e e n t a u ght to s a
y w h a t he ha d

sa i d b y h is f a th e m
r a nd o e oth er p ers o ns w ho ha d consp ired t o
g e t u p thi s s tory a s a pro t a b l e sp e c u l a t io n H e d ec l a re d th a t on

m
.

t h ed a y w h en he s a id he w a s c a r ri ed t o t he eeti ng a t H o a r
st o nes . he w a s a m m
i l e o ff ga t heri ng p l u s in a no t h er a n s m

or c h a r d . F ort u na tely no ne o f t he pr etend ed w itch es ha d b een

exec u t ed .

S u ch w a s t he end o f t he s eco n d grea t c a s e o f w itchcr a ft in

L a nc a shire, w hich b ec a e fro m mm a ny circ u m s ta n c e s , b u t es p e

cia lly b y t he k i ng s i nt e r ferenc e a nd t he tr a ns ferri ng o f t he c a s e

t o L o nd o n , o ne o f t he m o st c el ebra ted in E ngl a nd T he La n

.

ca s hir e w i t ch es h a v e g a i ned a n ew c e l ebri t y a t t he pres ent d a y

m
b y fu r ni shi ng t he p l ot o f o ne o f t he b es t ro a nc es o f o n e o f t he
m o st p o p u l a r a n d a d m ir ed o f o u r w riters , H a rri so n A i ns w ort h
m m m
.

The ter its el f ha d b eco e so fa o u s th a t it ha s l o ng b een in

m
t ha t co u n ty t r a n s fer r ed to a c l a s s o f w i t ch es o f th e s a e s ex , b u t
of a ve r y di ff er ent ch a ra c t er , a nd no festi va l th ere is no w co n

s id e re d p erfect u nti l t he to a s t o f t he L a nc a shir e W itch es o f
t hep r ese nt d a y ha s b e en d r u nk .
 C HAP T E R X X IV

W I T C H C R A FT IN E N G L A N D DU R I N G T H E E A R L I ER A
P RT
OF T H E S E V E N T E E N T H C E NT U R Y .

m
T u n c a s e o f t he L a n c a shir e w i t ch es , in 1 6 12 , s ee s t o have
m m
b een t he rs t gra nd exe pli ca t io n o f K i ng J a es s w i t chcr aft

doctri nes in E ngl a nd Y et t ho u gh t he pu bl i sh ed c a s es o f w itch

m m
.

cra ft d u ri ng t h a t o na rch s reign a r e no t ver y n u ero u s , t her e

ca n b en o do u bt th a t t he s u p er s t i t io n it s e l f w a s w id ely p reval ent

m
thro u gho u t t he cou nt r y , a n d t h a t it ga ve ri s e t o i nnu er a b l e ia
s t a nc e s of p e m
r s ec u t io n I n t he s a e yea r , 1 6 1 1 , v e w itches
m m m m
.

w ere ex ec u t ed a t Nort h a p t o n , o f w ho o ne o nly , a a n, a de

a co n fes s io n . m
H e s a id t h a t he ha d thr ee s p iri t s , w ho he
c a ll ed G r iss ill , B a ll , a nd J a c k I n 1 6 1 5 , th ere w a s a r a th er
m
.

r e a rk a b le c a s e o f w i t chcra ft a t Ly nn , in Norf o l k R el a t ions

.

o f bo t h o f t h e se c a se s we re p ri nt ed , a nd di s p er sed a bro a d I n
.

1 6 1 8 , a n event o f t hi s ki n d occ u rr ed o n t he bord er s o f t he cou n

m
ti es o f L eic ester a nd L i ncol n , w hich w a s st i ll or e r e a rk a bl e m
a s h a v i n g occ u r r e m
d in o n e o f t he n ob l es t fa i l i es in t he l a n d .

S ir F r a nci s M a nner s s u cc eed ed h is bro t h er R og er in t heear l

m
do o f R u t l a n d in 1 6 1 2 , a nd s oo n di st i ngu i sh ed hi m s el f b y t he

m a g n i c ent ho s pit a l i t y w hich h e e x erci s ed a t his ca st l e o f Bel

v oir . H e ha d t w o s o n s , H enry a nd F r a nci s , a n d a d a u g ht er
K a th eri n e; t he rst o f t h es e di ed a bo u t t h e y ear 1 6 1 4 , a nd he
w a s fo ll o w ed t o t he gr a ve b y his y o u ng er bro t h er w i t hi n t w o

y e a rs T h e o m
nly r e a i n i ng chi l d , w ho a ft er w a rd m a r ri ed t he
m m
.

du k e o f B u cki ngha , w a s a l s o ta k en w ith a s ev ere il lness , fr o

w hich she w a s h a rd ly exp ec t ed t o r eco ver m
I n t he h a l et a d
m m
.

j oi ni ng t o t hec a s t l et h ere l iv ed a n o l d w o a n na ed J o a n F lo w
m
er , w i t h t w o d a u gh t er s , w ho s e p o ver t y exci t ed t he co p a s s i o n
o f t he e a rl a nd his l a d y , a n d t he m m
oth er w a s e p l o y ed in t he
m
c a stl e a s a ch a ir w o a n , w hi l e her el d es t d a u ght er M a rg a ret w a s
r ec ei ved i nto t he hou s eho l d a s a s erva nt It w a s soo n fou nd ,
.

ho w ever , th a t M o t h er Fl o w ers w a s u nd es er vi ng o f t he k i nd nes s

th u s sho w n to her ; she g a v e off en c e b y her ev i l a nners , a ndm
b y t he di sord er s o f her hou s e, w h ere p eop l e o f no g ood r ep u ta
m
tio n c a e t o v i s it her y o u ng er d a u ght er P hi l i p , a nd a t l a s t M a r
g a re t Fl o w er w a s di s ch a r g ed f ro m h e r p l a cefor p u r l oining t he
 THE W ITC H ES OF B E LVO IR . 2 87

revi s ions a t t he c a s t l e t o fu r ni sh t he v i s i t ers a t her m o t h er s

hou s e A ll t hi s ha d oc cu rr ed b efo r e t he d ea t h o f t he ea rl s c hi l
.

d ren a nd a s t he co u n t ess ha d a c t ed g en ero u s ly t o w a rd t he

, ,

d a u gh t er w h en S he w a s di s ch a rg ed th ey w er e n ever su sp ec t ed
Of m
,

a l ic e .

H o w ever repor t s o f a s i ni ster ch a r a cter to u chi ng t he proc eed

i ng s o f t he fa m
,

i ly o f Jo a n F lo w er soo n spr ea d a bro a d T h ey .

ha d g a i ned t he r epu t a t io n o f b ei n g w i t ch es a nd it b eg a n t o b e ,

w hi s p ered a bo u t t h a t t heea rl s c hi l dr en ha d p eri s h ed b y t h eir

a ge ncy W i t ch es a pp ea r t o h a ve b een r a t h er nu m ero u s in t hi s

ports b ec a m em or e ri fe a nu m
.

v i cin i t y a nd a s t he r e b er o f a r
re m
, ,

re st s i nc l u di ng t h e thr ee Fl o w er s a n d o t h er p er s o ns w e a de

j u s t b efor e t he C hri st m
, ,

a s o f 1 6 1 7 a nd t he pri s o ne rs w er el odged
T he m
,

in L i nco l n j a i l o t h er Jo a n Fl o w er s w h en she w a s
co m mi t t ed t o pri son i s s a i d t o h a v e a sk ed fo r brea d a nd bu t t er
.
, ,

w hi c h she w i s h ed i m p io u sly m
, ,

ight b e her d ea t h if S he w er e
i l t y o f t he cri m e o f w hich s h e w a s a cc u s e d b t h e n oo n
g u ; u s o s

er a t t em p t ed t o s w a ll o w it th a n she w a s chok ed a nd i ns t a nt ly
T he ea r l o f R u t l a nd w a s a t t he t i m
,

exp i r ed e i n L o nd o n
w h en ho w ever h e h ea r d o f t he i m pri s o n m
.
,

ent o f t he w i t ch es
a nd t he cri m es th a t w er e i m p u t ed to t h emhe h a stened w i t h his
, , ,

br o th er S ir G eorge M a nners t o L i nco l n a nd a s s i st ed a t t h eir

ex a m i na tio n T h ey a l l co n fes s ed w er e a s m
, , ,

. ight b e exp ected , , ,

du l y co n victed a nd w er e ex ec u ted ea rly in t he M a rch o f t he

,

y ea r

Amo ng itnes s es o n t hi s occ a s io n w a s a w o m

t he w a n a pp a

re nt l y a n ol d e na m
o n ed Jo a n W il l im o t t o f G oodb y in Leic e s ,

te r sh ir e w ho co nfess e

d tha t she h a t h a s pirit w hich S he c a l
l eth P r et ty w hich w a s gi ven u nt o her by W i ll i a mB erry o f
,

La n g ho lm ein R u t l a n d shir e w ho mshe s erved t hr ee y ea r s a nd

,

t ha t her m
,

a ste r w h en he ga ve it u nt o her w i ll ed her to op en

her m
, ,

o u th a n d he w o u l d b l o w i nto her a fa iry w hich shou l d do

her good ; a nd th a t S he op en ed her m
,

o u t h a nd he did b l o w i nt o
h er m o u th ; a nd t h a t p r es ent ly a ft er his b l o w i ng t h er e c a m
,

e ou t
o f he r m ou th a s p iri t w hich st ood u po n t he grou nd in t he sh a p e
a nd formo f a w o m
, ,

a n w hi ch s piri t a s k ed o f he r h er s o u l w hic h

n pro m i s ed u nto it b ei ng w i ll ed t h er eu nt o b y her m

, ,

s he t h e ,
a s t er .

S he fu rt h er co nfes s ed th a t s he n ever h u rt a ny bod y b u t did h el p

, ,

divers th a t sent fo r her w hich w er e s trick en or for espok en ;

r s p irit c a m
,

a nd t h a t h e e w eek ly t o h er a nd w o u l d tell her o f ,

The ear l a nd t he co u nt ess w er e so f a r s a t is fi ed t ha t t heir chi ld re

d ied b y
n
w it chcr a ft , t ha t i t w as st a t ed in t he inscr ip t ion on t he
ir m m onu ent in B ot t esfor d
2 88 S O RC E RY A ND M A GI C .

di vers p er s o ns t h a t w ere st iick en a nd for esp ok en A nd she '

.

s a i t h t h a t t he u s e w hich s he ha d o f t hes piri t w a s t o k no w ho w

tho s e did w hich she ha d u nd ert a k en t o a m

, ,

end ; a nd th a t s he did
h el p t h emb y c ert a i n pr a y er s w hich she u sed a n d no t b y her
o w n s piri t ; n ei t h er did s he em
,

pl o y her spiri t ip a ny thi ng b u t ,

o nly t o b r i ng w ord ho w t ho s ed id t ha t sheha d u nd ert a k en t o c u r e
A no t h er w i t nes s n a med E ll en G r een o f S t a t ho r ne in t h e
.

sa m t h a t o ne Jo a n W illi m o t t o f G oodb y c a m
, ,

e co u nt y s a id , , e
a bo u t s ix y ea r s s i nc e t o her i n t he W o l d s a nd p ers u a d ed t hi s

ex a m
,

i na t e t o fo r s a k e G od a nd b et a k e her t o t he d ev i l a nd she
, ,

w o u l d gi ve her t w o S piri t s t o w hich s he g a ve her co ns ent a nd

th er eu po n t he s a id Jo a n W il l im
, ,
'

o t t c a ll ed t w o spirits o ne in t he
l ik en ess o f a ki t t en a nd t he o t h er o f a m a m
,

old iw a r
p [ o le
] t h e
rs t t he s a id W il li m
,

o t t c a ll ed P u ss e t he o t h er H i ehi e a nd
' '

th ey pres ent ly c a m e t o her ; a nd she d ep a rti ng l eft t h emw i t h

, , ,

t he ex a m i na t e a nd th ey l ea p ed o n her sho u l d er a nd t h ek itten

r her right ea r or her nec k a nd t he m
,

s u ck ed u nd e o ld iw a r
p o n ,

t he l eft s id e in t he l ik e p l a c e A ft er th ey ha d su ck ed her she

nt t he ki t t en to a b a k er o f th a t to w n w ho s e na m e s he r em em
.
,

se ,

b ers no t w ho ha d c a ll ed her w itch a nd s tr u ck her a nd b a d e her

go a nd b ew i t ch h imt o d ea t h The m
,

a id s piri t ol d i w a r she
p
th en b a d e go t o A nn e D a w s o n o f t he sa m
.

e to w n a nd b ew itch
her to d ea t h b ec a u s e s he ha d c a ll ed t hi s ex a m
,
i na te w i t ch a nd
j a d e ; a nd w i t hi n o n e fort night t h ey bo t h di ed And fu rth er
thi s ex a m
.
,

i na t e sa i t h t h a t sh e s ent bo t h her sp iri t s to S to nes b y

t o o ne W i ll i s o n a h u sb a nd m a n a nd R ob ert W i ll i m
, ,

au a hu s

b a ndm
, , ,

a n s s o n a nd b a d e t h e ki t t e n go to W i ll i s o n a nd b ew itch

himto d ea th a nd t hem m
,

o l d iw a r t o t h e o t h er a n d b e w i t ch hi t
, p o
d ea t h w hich t h ey did a nd w i t hi n t en d a y s th ey di ed T h es e
fou r w er eb ew i t ch ed w hi l et hi s ex a m i na t ed w el t a t W a l t h a ma for e
, , .

s a id .A bo u t t hr ee y ea rs si nc e thi s ex a m i n a t er em o ved th en c et o
,

S t a t h o r ne w h ere s he n o w d w el t ; u pon a di ff er enc e bet w een

t he s a id W ill i m
,

o t t a nd t h e w ife o f Joh n Pa t ch e t o f t he s a id S t a
t hor ne y eo m ,a n s h e t he sa id W ill i m
, ot t
, c a ll ed her thi s exa m ,
i ,

n a t e t o go a nd t o u ch t h e s a id Joh n Pa t chet s w i fe a nd he r chi l d

, ,

w hich s he did t o u chi n g t he s a id Joh n Pa t chet s w i fe in her

b ed a nd t he chi l d in t he gr a c e w i fes a rm
,

s a nd th e n se nt her

-

w itch th emt o d ea t h w hich th ey did a nd s o

, ,

s a id spiri t s to b e
t he w o m a n l a y l a n gu i shi ng b y t he s p a c e o f a m ont h a n d m
, ,

or e ,

fo r t h en she di ed t he chi l d di ed t he n ext d a y a ft er s he t o u ched

it A nd S he fu rt h er s a i t h th a t t he sa id J o a n W ill im
.
,
o t t ha d a

s pirit su cki ng o n he r u nd e r t he l eft a nk in t he l i kenes s of a

l ittl e w hite dog w h ich thi s ex a m , i na te sa ith t ha t she sa w t he
 T HE W I TC HES OF B E LV OIR . 289

sa me su c k ing in b a rl ey h a rvest l a st b ei ng t h en a t t he hou se o f

-

t he s a id Jo a n W il l im
,

ot t .

B o th t he d a u ght ers o f M o t h er Fl o w ers confes sed a nd M a r ,

a re t g a v e t he fo ll o w i n g a cco u nt o f t he proc ee di n g s re l a t i n g to
g
t he ea r l o f R u t l a nd s fa m i ly : S he s a i t h a nd confess et h tha t

r m
,

a b o u t fo u r or v e y e a rs s i n c e h e o t h er s ent her for t he right

ha nd gl o ve o f H enr y L ord R o ss e a ft er w a rd t h a t h er m ,
oth er
b a d eher go a ga i n in t o t he ca st l e o f B el voir a nd bri ng do w n t he
'

m
,

g l o v e or s o e oth e r thi n g o f H e n r y L ord R o s s e; w h e r e u p o n

s he brou ght d o w n a g l o v e a nd d e l i vered t h e s a m
,
e to her m ot h er ,

w ho strok ed R u t t er k in her ca t w i t h it , ,
a ft er it w a s dipp ed i n
h ot w a t er a nd so prick ed it o ft en a ft er w hich H enry L ord
R o s s e f ell s ick w i t hi n a w eek a n d w a s m u ch tor m
, ,

ent ed w ith
t he sa m
,

e S he f u rt h er s a i t h t h a t ndi ng a gl o ve a bou t t w o o r
.
,

t hr ee y ea r s s i nc e o f F r a n ci s L ord R o s s e o n a d u n ghi ll she d e

l i ver ed it t o her m
,

o t h er w ho p u t it i nt o ho t w a t er ; a nd a fter
t o o k it o u t a nd ru bb ed it o n R u t t er k in t he c a t a n d b a d e hi mgo
,

r m
,

u p w a rd ; a nd a ft er h e o t h er b u ri ed it in t he y a rd a nd s a id a
mis chi ef l ight o n himb u t he w i ll no t mend a ga i n S he fu rth er
,

r m
.
,

s a id th a t he ot h er a nd s he a nd her s i st er a gr eed toget h er t o

bew itc h t he ea rl a nd his l a d y t h a t t hey m i g h t h a v e no m
, , ,

or e
c hi l dr en ; a nd b ei n g d em d t he c a u s e o f t hi s th eir m
,

a nd e a l ic e

a nd ill w i ll sh e s a i t h th a t a bo u t fo u r y e
-
a r s s i nc e t he co u nt e ss

m m
, ,

a v e he
(g r o w i n g i n t o s o e i s l ik e w i t h h e r
) g r f ort y s hi ll i n g s

r a nd a m ss a n d b a d e h er bid e a t ho m e a n d co m
,

a bol st e a ttr e e
no m
, ,

or e to d w ell a t t he c a st l e; w hich she no t o nly took in ill

a r t b u t gru dg ed a t it e xc e e di g ly s w ea ri ng in h e r he a rt to b e
p n
d ; a ft er thi s her m o t h er co m
, ,

re ve ng e p l a i ned t o t he ea rl a ga i nst
o n e P ea k e w ho ha d o f ere d r so m ro ng w h e r ei n sh e c o n
, f h e e w ,

ce ived th a t t he ea r l t ook no t her p a rt a s she exp ec t ed w hic h

d i s l i k e w i t h t he r est ea p er a t ed h er di s p l ea su r e a g a i nst him
, ,

a nd s o she w a tch e d t he Opportu n ity t o b er ev en ged w h er eu pon

s he t o o k w oo l o u t o f t he s a id m a tt r e ss a nd a p a ir o f gl o v e s
w hi ch w er e gi v en her b y M r V a v a s o r a nd p u t themi nto w a rm
, ,

w a t er m i ngl i ng themw i t h so m
.
,

, e b l ood a n d stirri ng it tog eth er ,

t h en she too k t he w oo l a nd gl o ves o u t o f t he w a t er a n d ru bb ed

t hemon t he bod y o f R u t t er k in her c a t s a y i n g t he l ord a nd t he
,

l a d y s hou l d h a v e m
,

or e chi l dr en b u t it shou l d b e l on g rst S he

fu r t her co nfess ed th a t b y her m ot h er s com ma ndment she
.
,

, ,

brou ght t o her a pi ec e o f a h a ndk erchi ef o f t he l a d y K a th erine

t he ea r l s d a u ght er ; a nd h er m
,

ot h er pu t it i nto ho t w a t er a nd
n t a k i n g it o u t ru bb ed it o n R u t t er k in biddi ng him y a nd go
,

t he , ,

w he re u p o n Ru t t er k in w hi ned a nd cri e d M ew w her eu p on she

25
290 S O RCERY A ND M AGIC .

sa id th a t R u t t er k i n ha d n o po w er o v er t h e l a d y K a ther in e t o
,

h u rt her H er s i s ter P hi l ip Fl o w er s d ec l a red t h a t
.
, , a b ou t ,

the 3ot h o f J a n u a ry l a st p a s t bei n g S a tu rd a y fo u r de vil s a p

, ,

u nto her i n L i n co l n j a i l a t e l e v e n o r t w e l ve o c l ock a t

p e ar e d
midnight ; the o ne stood a t her bed s foot w ith a bla ck he a d l ik e
,

a n a p e a nd s p a ke u nto her b u t w h a t s h e c a n no t w e l l re m em
,

, ,

b er a t w hich she w a s v ery a n gr y bec a u s e he w ou l d s pe a k no

a i n er o r l et her u n der s t a nd h is m
, ,

p l e a n i n g : the other thre ew er e

R u t t er k in l ittl e R obi n a nd S pirit b u t she nev er m i s tr u sted th em

,

, , , ,

n or s u s pected her s e l f ti ll the n
T he R o m
.

a n c a tho l ic s i n Engl a n d w ere v e r y a ct i ve d u ri n g t he

r eign o f J a m e s I a nd the y a tte m pted to ta ke a d v a nt a ge o f t he

u l a r cred u l it y in getti ng u p c a s e s o f po s s e s s io n i n i m
.
,

p op i t a tion
o f their brethre n o n the co nti n e nt ; o ne o f the m o st re m a rk a b l e

c a s e s o f thi s ki nd occ u rred i n L a nc a ster i n 1 6 1 2 a nd l ed t o a

tri a l o n the sa m
,

e d a y w ith th a t o f the w itche s o f P e nd l e

T he v i ll a ge o f S a m l e sb u r y i s a t s o m e di s ta n c e fro mthe Pen
.

d l e di s trict ne a rer to P re sto n b u t it w a s pro b a b ly the reports o f

the deed s o f M other s Dem
, ,

d ik e a n d C ha t t o x th a t su gge s ted t he
l ot n o w to be re l a ted T h e pri n cip a l fa m i ly in thi s to w ns hip
p
w ere the S o u th w orth s w ho ha d their he a d s e a t a t S a m
.

l e sbu r y
a r k a n d w ho s ee m a v e bee n m u ch di v ided a m m
,

to h o n g the s e l ve
p
a di v i s ion w hic h w a s i ncre a s ed b y rel igiou s di ff ere nces for
, s

som e o f the mw ere prote sta nt s a n d oth ers c a tho l ic s L a n c a shire

,

w a s a t thi s t i m e re m a rk a b l e fo r the nu m
.

ber o f p a pi s ts w hic h it
h rb ored i t w a s the gr a nd a s ylu mo f the E ngl i s h s e m
a i na r y
rie t a nd there a r e doc u m e n t s w hich sho w th a t S a m l e b r y
p s s s u
a rk w a s a w e l l k n o w n re s ort o f the p a rti s a ns o f R o m
,

p
-
e O n e .

o f the s e prie st s w a s C hri s topher S o u th w orth w ho fo r co n ce a l

ment ha d a ssu med the na me o f T ho mp son a nd w ho a ppea rs t o

,

h a ve bee n ne a rly re l a ted t o S ir Joh n S o u th w orth the oc c u pie r ,

o f the p a r k w ho w a s the n rece n tly de a d B et w ee n S ir J ohn

a nd o ne o f his f e m
, .

a l e re l a tio n s J a n e S o u th w orth there w a s a

, ,

b itter fend fo r w h a t re a s on is no t sta ted ; a s er va nt o f S ir

J oh n s na m
,

ed John S i ngl eto n depo s ed th a t he ha d o ft en
h e a rd his old m
, , ,

a st er s a y th a t th e s a id J a n e S o u th w orth w a s a s

he t hou ght a n e vi l w o m
, ,

a n a nd a w itch a nd h e a dde d tha t

the sa id S ir Joh n S o u th w orth in his co m
, ,

i ng or goi ng b etw een

his o w n hou s e a t S a m
,

l e sbu ry a nd the to w n o f Pre sto n did fo r

t he m
,

o s t p a rt forbe a r t o p a s s b y the ho u s e w here t he s a id w ife

d w e lt tho u gh it w a s his n e a re s t a nd b e s t w a y a nd rod e a no th er
w a y o nly for f e a r o f t he s a i d w i fe a s thi s e xa m
, ,

i na t e v er ily
Thi s st a t em ent w a s co n r m
, ,

t h ink e t h . ed b y a not her w it ne ss ,
 TH E W IT C H ES O F S A MLES BURY . 291

a yeo mn
a of Sa ml e
b u ry n a ms ed W i ll i a mAlk er w ho depo s ed
, , ,

t h a t he ha d s ee n t he sa id S ir Joh n S ou t h w orth s h u n th e s a id
w if e w he n he c a m e n e a r w here she w a s a nd h a th he a rd the ,

s a i d S ir Joh n s a y th a t he l iked her n o t a nd th a t he do u bted sh e

w ou l d be w itch hi m
,

A s fa r a s w e c a n g a ther it a ppe a r s fu r
t h er th a t J a n e S o u th w orth w a s a rece nt co n v ert fro mR o m a ni s m
,
.

t o t he ch u rch o f En gl a nd
T here w a s in the s a m e v ill a ge a f a m i ly o f the n a me o f B ier
.

l ey . Je nn et B ierl e y w a s a n a ged w o ma n w h o a ppe a r s to h a ve ,

l i ved w ith a d a u ghter i n l a w Ell e n B i erl ey her o w n d a u ghter

- -

ha d m a rried T ho m r b u t s of Sa m l e s bu ry a h u sb a nd m
,

a s Sow e an , ,

a nd b y her h e ha d a d a u ghter G r a c e S o w er b u t s ; w ho w a s a t

t hi s ti m
,

e a bo u t fo u rtee n y e a r s o f a g e J enn et a nd Ell e n B ier

l ey w ere prote st a nt s w hi l e T ho m
.

a s S o w er b u t s w a s a c a tho l ic

a nd t h ere w a s prob a b ly a qu a rre l betw ee n t he mo n a cco u nt o f

, ,

t he re l igio n o f the chi l d w hich T ho m a s Sow e r b u t s re s o l ved

s ho u l d be th a t o f R o m
,

e a n d fo r th a t p u rpo s e he s e nt her fo r
r e l i g io u s i ns tr u ctio n to the prie s t T ho m
,

p s o n (a lia s S o u t h w orth )
S oo n a fter o r a bo u t the ti m
.

e o f the s ei z u re o f the w itche s o f

Pend l e G r a c e S o w er b u t s prete nded to be s ei z e d w ith s tr a nge
t s a nd s he w a s fo u nd in a s ort o f tr a nc e a m
,

, o n g th e ha y a nd
s t r a w i n a b a r n w he n ce she w a s t a ke n to her f a ther s ho u s e a n d

, ,

t her e to l d a s tor y w hich l ed to the a rre s t o f J a n e S o u th w orth a nd

J e nn et a nd Ell e n B ierl e y a nd the y w ere co m mi t ted to La nca s
,

ter j a i l T he y w ere bro u ght t o tri a l o n the 1 9t h o f A u gu st 1 6 1 2

a nd the n G r a c e S o w er b u t s m a de a s t a te m
.
, ,

e nt in: co u rt to the
e ff ect th a t a fter h a vi ng bee n h a u nted a nd v e x ed fo r s o m
,


e
a r s b y the pri s o n er s a nd a n other co nf eder a te n a m
,

y e ed Ol d D oe

w ife the s e fo u r w o m
,

e n ha d l a te ly dr a w n her b y the h a ir o f the

he a d t o t he top o f a ha y m
,

ow w here the y l e ft her

-
No t l on g
t B ierl e y m et her n e a r h er ho m
.
,

a ft er t h is J e n ne
~
e a ppe a ri ng t o
her r s t in h u m
, ,

a n l ike n e s s a nd a fter th a t in the l ike n e s s o f a

b l a c k do g a nd a tte m
,

, pted t o terri fy her T he girl to l d her .

f a t her w h a t ha d h a ppe n ed a nd ho w she h a d o fte n bee n h a u nt

ed in thi s m
,

a nn er ; a nd b ein a sk e d b y the co rt w h she
g u y
~

n e v er to l d a ny bod y be fore s h e s a id , s h e co u l d n o t s pe a k
,

thereo f tho u gh she d es ired so t o do S oo n a fter thi s o n the
goi ng to w a rd S a m l e sb u r y b a ck to m
, .
,

f o u rth o f A pri l eet her

mother co mi ng fro mP re sto n she sa w the s a id Je nn et B ierl e y
,

w ho m et thi s e xa m
, , ,

i na te a t a p l a ce c a ll ed the T w o B rig s rs t ,

i n her o w n sh a pe a nd a fter w a rd i n the l ike n e s s o f a b l a ck dog

,

w ith t w o l egs w hi ch dog w e nt c l o s e b y the l e ft s ide o f thi s ex

am ina t e t ill the y ca m
,

e t o a pit o f w a ter a nd the n t he sa id do g ,

292 S O RC ERY A ND M A GI C .

s p a k e a nd per su a ded thi s e xa m i na te t o dro w n he r s elf t her ein

xa m
, ,

s a y i n g it w a s a fa ir a n d a n e a s y de a t h ; w here u po n th i s e i
n a t e t ho u ght th ere c a m e o ne to her in a w hite sheet a nd ca rr i ed
her a w a y fro mthe sa id pit u po n the co m
,

i ng w hereo f t he s a id
,

b l a ck dog d ep a rted a w a y T he d o g su b s equ e ntl y retu r n ed a nd
.
,

c a r ried her to a neighbor s b a rn w here it l e ft her in a tra n c e o n

,

the oor S he w e n t o n t o de s cribe other i nsta nc e s o f persso n

.

t io n b y t he w itche s a nd dec l a red th a t o n o ne occ a s io n her gr a nd

mother a nd a u nt ha d ta ke n her b y night t o t he hou s e o f a ma n
,

na m ed T ho m a s W a l shm a n w hich the y e ntered , she k n ew n o t

ho w , a nd J e nnet B ier l e y c a u s ed the de a th o f a n i n fa nt chi l d ;
a nd the night a fter the b u ri a l o f the chi l d the s a id Je nn et B i er
l e y a nd Ell e n B i erl ey t a ki n g thi s e xa m i na te w ith the m w ent
,

to S a m
, , ,

l es b u ry ch u rch a nd t here did t a k e u p t he s a id chi l d a n d

the s a id Je nn et did c a rry it o u t o f the ch u rchya rd in her a r m
, ,

a rried it h o m
,

a nd th en did p u t it i n her l a n d c e t o her w n

p a o

hou s e a nd h a v i n g it t h ere d id boi l s om e thereo f in a p o t a n d

so m
, , ,

e did broi l o n the co a l s o f bo t h w h ich the s a id Je nn et a nd

Ell en did ea t a nd w o u l d h a ve h a d thi s e x a m
,

i na te a nd on e G r a c e
B ierl e y d a u g ht er o f the s a id Ell e n to h a v e e a te n w ith the m
, , .

, , ,

b u t t h ey r efu s ed s o t o do A nd a fter w a rd the s a id Je nn et a nd El

.

l en did s eethe (b o i l ) t he bo n e s o f the s a id chi l d in a pot a nd w i th

the fa t th a t c a me o u t o f the s a id bo n e s the y s a i d the y w ou l d
,

a noi nt the m se l ve s th a t thereby the y m ight s o m eti m e s ch a n g e

the ms e l ve s i nto oth er sh a pe s A nd a fter a ll thi s bei ng do n e
,

.
,

t he y s a id the y w ou l d l a y the bo n e s a ga i n in the gr a v e t he n e xt

n ight fo ll o w i n g b u t w hether the y did s o o r no t t his e x a m
,
i na t e
k no w eth no t ; n e i t her doth sh e k no w ho w the y got it o u t o f t he

gr a ve a t the r s t t a ki ng o f it u p S h e n e xt st a ted th a t . a bo u t ,

h a l f a y ea r a g o the s a id Je nnet B ierl e y Ell e n B i er l e y J a n e

S o u th w or t h a n d thi s e x a m i na te (w ho w e nt b y the a ppoi nt m
, , ,

e nt
o f the s a id Je nn et her gr a n d m other ) did m
,

,
ee t a t a p l a ce c a ll e d
,

R edb a nk u p o n the n orth s ide o f the w a ter o f R ibb l e e v e r y

, ,

T h u r s d a y a n d S u nd a y a t n ight b y the s p a c e o f a f ortn ight a nd a t

the w a t er s ide there c a m e u nto t he m a s the y w e nt thither fou r
, ,

b l a ck thi ng s goi ng u pri g ht a nd y et no t l ike m

, ,

en in the fa c e
w hi ch fo u r did c a rry the sa id three w o m e n a nd thi s e x a m
, , ,

i na te
o ver the w a t er ; a nd w he n the y c a m e to the s a i d R edb a nk the y
f ou n d s o m
,

e t hi ng there w hich the y did ea t A nd a fte r

t he y ha d e a te n the s a id thr ee w o m e n a n d thi s e xa m
.

i na te d a n ced
ev er y o ne o f the mw ith o ne o f the b l a ck thi n g s a fore s a id
, ,

S he proceeded to de s cribe fu rther a ct s fa m

.

il i a r t o tho s e w ho
e nter i nto the m i nu ti aeo f s orcer y a nd w hic h s ee mt o ha veb een
,

,
 THE WIT CH ES O F S A MLESB URY . 293

t a k en fr o mt hef orei g o o k s o n the su bj ec t a n d the n de s crib ed

n b ,

ot h er p er s ec u tio ns to w hich s he ha d bee n su bj ected u nti l t he

t im
,

e o f t he a rr e s t o f the pri s o n er s
I t w a s n ot t h e fa s hio n a t thi s ti m e to su b m
.

it w itn e s s e s in su ch
c a s e s t o a s trict cro ss e x a m i na tio n no r did a ny o n e thi nk o f o p
-
,

o n i n g t he gr a ve o f the chi l d to a s cert a i n in w h a t co n ditio n t h e

b od y m ight the n be ; b u t Tho m a s \Va l s h m a n depo s ed th a t h is

c hi l d d ied a bo u t the ti m e st a ted tho u gh he s a id th a t it ha d bee n

s ic k f o r s o m e ti m e W it ne s s e s w ere a l s o e xa m
,

. i n ed a s t o G r a c e
S o w er b u t s t s a nd the fa ther a nd o ne or t w o other w itne s s e s

v ide n ce i n corrobor a tio n o f her st a te m

,

v e th e ir e e n t T he
g a s .

ev ide nc e w a s th u s in d u e order t a k e n a n d the j u ry w a s no ,

d ou bt re a d y t o gi ve a v erdict a ga i n st the pri s o ner s w he n the

j u dge S ir Ed w a rd B ro ml e y de m
,

a n ded o f the l a tter w h a t the y

ha d t o s a y fo r the m T he s equ e l m
, ,

s e l ve s be to l d be s t in the
a
y
r a th er dr a m
.

a tic l a n gu a ge o f the report o f the tri a l T he three .

p r i s o n er s i n ste a d o f bei n g a b a shed a s per s o ns u n der s u ch cir

cu m hu m
,

s t a n ce s u su a lly w ere b ly u pon their kn ee s w ith w eep

ing t ea rs de s ired himfo r G od s c a u s e to e x a m
, ,

i ne G r a ce S o w er
b u ts w ho s et her o u or b y w ho s e m e a n s thi s a cc u s a tion c a m
,

e
a g a i ns t the m I m medi a te ly the cou ntena nce o f thi s G ra ce S o w
, ,

er b u t s ch a n ged ; the w itn e s s e s bei n g behi n d beg a n to qu a rre l

I n the en d hi s l ord s hip e x a m
, ,

a nd a cc u s e o n e a n ot her i ned the

o co u l d no t f o r her l i fe m
.

g i r l w h a ke a n
y di r ect a n s w er b u t
s t r a n ge l y a m a z ed to l d h imsh e w a s o a m
, ,

t t a s ter t o l e a r n b u t
, p u ,

he t o l d her n othi n g o f thi s Bu t here a s his l ord ship s c a re a n d

.
,

a ins w ere gre a t to di s co v er the pr a ctice s o f the s e odio u s w itche s

p
o f the fore st o f P e n d l e a n d o t her p l a c e s n o w u po n th eir tri a l b e

fore him s o w a s he de s irou s t o di s co v er thi s d a m n a b l e pr a c tice

t o a cc u s e the s e poor w o m
,

e n a nd bri n g their l i ve s in d a n ger a nd ,

t h ereb y t o de l i v er the i nnoce nt A n d a s he ope nly de l i v ered it

.

u po n the be n ch in the he a ri n g o f t hi s gre a t a u die n ce th a t if a

, ,

rie st o r J e su it ha d a h a n d in o n e end o f it there w o u l d a ppe a r

p
t o b e k n a v ery a n d pr a ctic e in the other end o f it a nd t h a t it m
,

ight
t he better a ppe a r to the w ho l e w orl d e xa m i ned T h m
,

a s S o w er

b u ts w h a t m in ge n e a 1 ter m
,

a s ter t a u ght h is d a u ghter s he

d e n i ed a ll Th e w e nch ha d n othi ng to s a y b u t her m a s ter to l d

I n the end s o m
.
,

h er n othi n g o f th a t e th a t w ere pre s e nt to l d his

l o rd s hip the tr u th a nd the pri s o n er s i nfor m ed himho w s hew e nt
.
,

t o l e a r n w ith o ne T ho m p s on a s e m
,

i na r y pri est w ho ha d in
s tru cted a nd t a u ght her thi s a cc u s a tio n a g a i nst t he m bec a u s e
, ,

t he y w ere o nc e o b s ti n a te p a pi s t s a nd no w c a m
,

e to ch u rch, .

H er e is t he d is c ove r y o f thi s pr ie st and of his w hol e pr a ctic e ,

.

"
25
294 S ORC ERY AND MA GIC

S ti ll thi s r e i n cre a s ed m ore a nd m or e a nd o ne w i tness a ccu , ,

s i n g a nother a ll thi ng s w ere l a id ope n a t l a rge I n t he end

hi s l ord s hip took a w a y the gir l fro mher fa ther a nd co m mitt ed
, .
,

her to M r L eigh a v ery re l igio u s pre a cher a nd M r C hisna l

t w o j u s tic e s o f the pe a c e to be c a re f u lly e x a m

.
, , .
,

i ned
G r a c e S o w er b u t s no w m
, .

a de a f u ll co nf e s s io n she d ec l a re d

tha t a ll she s a id be fore ha d bee n t a u ght her b y the prie s t ; th a t

it w a s a mere i nv e ntion th a t her t s w ere co u nterfeit : a nd th a t
she h a d b y her o w n w i ll go n e i nto t he b a r n a nd other l a ces
, , p
w here she w a s fo u nd
Eight y e a r s a er thi s tri a l in 1 62 0 occ u rred a s o m e w h a t sim
.

il a r c a s e w hich m a de a gre a t s e ns a tio n a t the ti m

, ,

e T here w a s
a t B i l s to n i n S t a ff ord shir e a poor bo y t w e l v e y e a r s o l d n a m
.
,

ed
W i ll i a mP erc y the so n o f a h u sb a nd m
, , ,

a n o f th a t p l a c e One
d a y a s he w a s co m i n g ho m e fro ms chool h e m et a n o ld w o m
, .

an

w ho mhe h a d n e ver s ee n be fore b u t w h o a s it w a s a fterw a rd

,

pre t e n ded w a s a poor w o m a n o f the n eighborhood na m

, ,

ed Jo a n
C ock she t a x ed hi mth a t he did n o t w i s h her good d a y a nd t o l d
, ,

h imth a t he w a s a fo u l t hi ng a nd th a t it ha d bee n b etter fo r hi mif

,
'

he h a d s a lu ted her T hi s w a s the a cco u nt w hich t hel a d ga ve a n d

h e ha d no s oo ner re a ched ho m
.
,

e th a n he w a s s ei z ed w ith d r ea dfu l
ts I t a ppe a r s th a t there w ere m a ny R o m a n c a tho l ic s re s idi n g in

the neighborhood o f B i l sto n a nd to s o me o f the s e the bo y s p a

.

re nts a ppl ied fo r a d vice a nd a ss i st a nce A s s oo n a s the bo y w a s

e xorc i s ed a ccordi n g to the for m s directed b y the R o m
.

i s h ch u rch
he b ec a m e c a l ma nd in rep ly to q u e s tions pu t to himhe dec l a red
,

, ,

th a t he w a s b e w itched a nd th a t he w a s po s s e ssed b y three de vi ls

B e s ide s the e xorci s m
, .

s the prie s t s w ere v ery l iber a l w i t h ho ly

,

w a ter a nd w ith ho ly o il b y the p l e n ti fu l a pp l ic a tio n o f w hich

w ith e xtre m
, ,

e t s a nd he a ri ngs he b rou ght u p p i ns w oo l

k notted thre a d thru m ro s e m
, , ,

s a ry w a l nu t l e a v e s fe a ther s & c -

T hi s w e l e a r n fro mthe prie s t w ho dre w u p the a cco u n t o f t he

, , , , , .

mira c l e w hich w a s a fter w a rd pri nted a nd w ho i nforms u s

,

am
, , ,

ong other thi n gs th a t o n T h u r s d a y bei ng C orpu s C hri s ti

day I c a m
m
e a g a i n a nd fou nd the chi l d in gre a t e xtre m
, ,

itie s I n
thi s ti m
, , .

e he a d bro u ght u p e l e v e n pi n s a nd a kn itti ng n e edl e -

H e s a id the spirit b a d himn ot t o

, ,

f o l ded u p in di v er s fo l d s & c
he a rke n to m ein a ny c a s e t h a t the w itch s a id she w o u l d m
.
,

a ke

an e nd o f hi m & c I w i s hed himt o pr a y fo r the w itch w hich

, .
,

he did ; t he n the chi l d did dec l a re th a t no w he w a s per fe ctly

hi m s e l f a n d de s ired th a t his book s pe ns i nk cl o a t hs m ight b e
b l e ss ed w i s hi ng his p a re nt s s i ster s a nd brother s t o b l e ss th em
, , , , ,

s e l ve s a nd b eco m
, , , ,

,
e c a tho l ic s o u t o f w hic h fa ith b y G od s gr a c e, ,

 TH E B O Y O F BILST ON . 295

hes a id , hew ou l d n e v er l ive o r die O n S u nda y I e xorci s ed him

m
.
,

a n d l ea r ned o f hi th a t w hi l e p u ri t a n s w ere in p l a ce he sa w
m m
, ,

t h e d ev i l a s s a u l t hi i n the for o f a b l a ckbird

bo y s t s a nd tr a n ce s co nti nu ed s o m eti m
.

T he

e s a pp a re nt l y
sm
,

y ie l di n g to the e x orci s o f the prie s t s a nd t he n a g a i n ret u r n i n g

M e a n w hi l e the w o m
,

a s v i o l e n t a s e v er . a n a cc u s ed o f the w itch

c ra f t b y the po s s e s s i n g d e v i l s w a s a rr es ted a nd c a rri ed be fore

,

t h e ch a n ce ll or o f the bi shop o f Lit ch eld b y w ho s e directio ns

W i ll i a mP erry w a s bro u ght to co nfro nt her w he n b e i m me d i a te
,

l y f e ll in to h i s u su a l t s d ec l a ri n g th a t s h e w a s hi s tor m
,

e ntor
O n thi s e v ide n ce s hew a s co m mitted t o S ta ff ord j a i l a nd brou ght
, .

t o t ri a l o n the te nth o f A u gu s t b u t the j u ry no t s a ti s ed w i t h the

, ,

evide nce a cq u itted her

T hej u dge s w ho s ee mto h a v e su spected t he tru th co m mitted
, .

, ,

t he b o y to the c a re o f the bi shop o f C o ve n tr y a nd Lit ch eld w ho

ha ppe n ed to be pre s e nt a n d he c a rried hi mho m e w i t h himt o
,

E c c l e sh a ll c a stl e T here his t s a n d co nvu l s io ns w ere repe a ted

a n d the bi s hop fo r s o m e ti m e cou l d m a ke n othi ng o f h i m
.
,

At
l en gth he betho u ght hi m s el f o f a n e x peri m
.

e nt w hich w o u l d a t
l e a s t s a ti s fy hi m sel f I t a ppe a r s th a t the tri a l v er s e u s ed b y t h e
.

pr i e s t s w a s the r st v er s e o f the rs t ch a pter o f the go spe l o f S t

Joh n the w ord s o f w hich w ere n o soo ner co m me nc ed th a n t he
.

b oy w a s s ei z ed w ith the m o st viol e nt sy m pto m

,

s T he bi s hop
t o ok a G reek te st a m
.

e nt in his h a nd a nd sa id to the p a tie nt , ,

B o y it i s either tho u or the de v i l th a t a bhorre s t tho s e w ord s

,

o f the go s pe l a n d i f it be t he de v i l he (be in g s o a n cie nt a s cho l

a r a s o f a lm
, ,

o s t o f s ix thou s a nd y e a r s st a ndi n g ) k no w s a n d nu

d er st a n d s a ll l a ng u a ge s s o t ha t he c a n n o t b u t k no w w he n I r e
c i t e t he s a m
,

e s e nten ce o u t o f t he G re ek te x t ; b u t i f it be th y
s e l f the n a r t tho u a n e x ecr a b l e w retch w h o p l a y s the de v i l s p a rt

, , ,

w here f ore l ook to th y s el f f o r n o w tho u a r t to be p u t t o tri a l a nd

markdil igently w heth er it be th a t s a me s cr iptu re w hich sh a ll be
, ,

r ea d . T he n the bi shop re a d the t w e l ft h v er s e o f th e ch a pter ,

a nd the b o y su ppo s i n g it w a s the r s t f e ll i nto h is u su a l co nvu l

,

s io n s b u t a fter the t w a s p a ss ed o ver a nd the bi shop re a d t he

r st v er s e the bo y thi nk i n g i t w a s s o m
, ,

,
e other p a s s a ge w a s not ,

a ff ected a t a ll

T h e b i shop w a s th u s con v i nced o f the i m

.

po s tu re b u t ther e
w ere s ti ll s o m
,

e e xtr a ordi na ry fe a tu re s a bou t t h e c a s e w hich r e

q u ired e xpl a na tio n a nd he l et it go o n t h a t it m ight be in t he end
more fu lly expo s ed A t l ength a hol e w a s ma de throu gh t he
, ,

r t itio n o f the roo min w hich the bo y s l ept

.

a nd the b i s ho
p a p ,

p l a c ed o ne o f his s er va nts s ecretly t o w a tch A di sco v er y w a s .

 296 S OR CERY A ND MAGIC .

thu s m a de w hich l e ft n o fu rther do u b t o n t he m at t er a nd w he n

the bo y fo u nd hi m
,

s e l f detected he ch a nged cou n t e na n c e a nd

co nfe s s ed Thestory he tol d w a s th a t a n o l d m a n c a ll ed T ho m
,

met himnot fa r from

.
,

a s w ith gr a y h a ir a nd a cr a d l e o f g l a s s e

his fa ther s ho u s e a nd e n teri ng i nto co nver sa tio n w i t h h i msu g

, ,

ge s ted thi s i m po s tu re a s a m e a ns o f s ta y i ng fro ms choo l H e

, , ,

the n t a u ght himto ro ll a bo u t gro a n c a s t u p his e y e s & c a nd

.

to l d himto a cc u s e s o m ebod y w ho w a s rep u ted a w itch S o m

, , , .
,

e
a pi s t s he s a id reco m m nded hi mto s eek he l p o f the c a tho l ic
.

p e
prie s ts W he n the bi shop a s ked hi mif he d id no t de si gn t o
, ,

y ie l d to their e xorci s ms he rep l ied th a t he did b u t th a t he ha d

.

c o nti nu ed the i m s tu re s o l o n g bec a u s e m

, ,

p o u ch peop l e re s orte d
t o h i m a nd bro u g ht h imgood th ing s a nd bec a u s e he w a s no t
,

I t i s no t i m
, ,

w i ll i ng t o go t o s choo l a g a i n po ss ib l e th at the
s tory o f the o l d m a n h a d bee n s u gge s ted b y the pri e s t s the m
.

s e l v e s in order to co nce a l their o w n co m

, p l ic ity in c as e o f a d is
c o ve r o f the f r a u d
y .

T he d a ngero u s doctri n e w hich ha d l o ng b e fore bee n a cted u p,

o n in the c a s e o f t he w itche s o f W a rbo y s w a s no w w ide ly pro

mu lg a t ed th a t the dec l a ra tio n o f the perso n b e w itched w hi l e in

,

, ,

the t s c a u s ed b y w itchcr a ft w a s su f cie nt e vide nce a ga i ns t the

,

su ppo s ed o ff e nd er T hi s w a s ope ni ng a door fo r the i nd u l ge nc e

s o n a l e nm
.

of er it y w hich co u l d no t fa i l to be o fte n t a ke n a d v a n
p
t a ge o f a nd su ch c a s es a ppe a r to h a v e bee n o f v ery frequ e nt
occ u rre nce I n L ord Lo nd esb o r ou gh s v o l u m e of m
,

a nu s cript s

.

a l re a d y a ll u ded to there a r e the n ote s o f t w o v er y c u rio u s a ff a ir s

,

o f thi s ki nd T her s t o f the s e c a s e s occ u rred in a nd n e a r Lo n

.

d o n in the y e a r 1 62 2 T he l a d y Je nni ng s l i vi ng a t T hi s tl e
w orth h a d a d a u ghter n a m
, .
,

,
ed El i z a beth o f the a g e o f thirtee n ,

y e a r s O ne d a y she w a s fri ghted w ith the s ight o f a n o l d

w om a ppe a red t o her a t t the dore a nd d em

.

a n w ho su d d a i nl a u nd
y
c d a p in o f her

thi s s e em s t o h a v e bee n the u s u a l a rtic l e w hich

the w i t che s a s ked o f th o s e t h ey w ere goi ng to tor m e nt a nd fro m

th a t ti m e the chi l d su ff ered fro mcon vu l s i ve t s o f the m o st p a i n
fu l de s criptio n A v a riety o f re m edie s w ere tried in v a i n a nd
in the co u r s e o f thi s tre a tm e nt a w o m a n na m
.
,

ed M a rga ret R u s
se l w ho w e nt b y the n a m
, e o f C ou nte ss frequ e ntly a tte nded ,

sh e a ppe a r s to h a ve bee n w e ll k no w n a t the ho u s e a nd to h a ve

i nter fered w ith the m edic a l a rr a n g e m
,

e nt s O n t he2 5 t h o f A pri l .
,

a t the end o f o ne o f her t s El i z a beth Je nni ngs u ttered the

na m e s o f thi s w o m
,

a n a nd three oth e r s a nd the n w e nt o n t a l ki ng

i n cohere ntly T he s e h a v e be w itched a ll m m
,

, y other s chi l dre n

-
ea s t w e s t n orth a nd s o u th a ll the s e l ie a ll the se a r ew itch
, , , ,
 C OUNTESS A RRES TED . 297

es S et u p a g re a t s prig o f ro s e a r y in the m m
idd l e of t heho u s e

I h a ve s e nt thi s ch il d to spe a k to s ho w a l l the s e w i t che s . Pu t

Co n u t ess in pri s o n thi s chi l d w i ll be w e ll I f she ha d bee n l ong
m
.

a g o , a l l together ha d bee n a l i v e it a ppe a r s s o e other chi l re

[ d n
o f t he l a d y J e nn ing s ha d di ed ] T he m
s he be w itched w ith a

.

ca t tick
s T h
i ll t e I h ll l ie n gre t p i n T i ll the n b y t s I
n s a i a a

m m
.

sh a ll be in gre a t e x t r e r t y
T he y died i n g re at i s ery
T he s e
m m
. .

a nd s o e o t her speeche s a r ed u ly a tte s ted by n i ne p er so ns , a ong

w ho m w a s the m edic a l a t te nd a nt
m
.

T he s a e d a y C o u nte s s w a s a rre s ted a n d c a rried be fore S ir

m
W i ll i a S l i ngs b y , a j u s tic e o f the pe a c e , a n d her a cco u nt o f her
self is a c u rio u s pictu re o f the ti m
e S he s a id th a t y e sterd a y
m
.

s h e w e nt to M r s Dr o . o nd b
y e ,
i n B l a c k e a n
-
d W hite
-
co u
-
r t i n t h e
O l d B a yly s , a nd to l d her t h a t t he l a d y J enni n g s ha d a d a u ghter
s t r a n ge l y s icke ; w he re u p o n t h e s a id Dr o
p m o n t lb
y e w i s hed her

t o g o e t o i nqu ire a t t C l erke n w ell fo r a m

i ni s ter s w iff e th a t c o l d

he l pe peop l e th a t w ere s icke , b u t sh e u s t no t a ske fo r a w itch m

o r a cu n n i n g w o m a n k b u t fo r o ne th a t is a
p hi s it io n w o m
a n ; a nd

m
th er e thi s e xa i na te fo u nd her a nd a w o a n s itti ng w ith her , a nd m
t o l d her i n w h a t c a s e the chi l d w a s , a n d s he s a id s hee w o l d
co m e thi s d a y , b u t shee o u ght her no e s er vic e , a nd s a id sh e ha d
b in there be fore a nd l e ft r ec eip t es there , b u t the chi l d did no t
t a ke the m . A nd s he sa id fu rther , th a t t here w a s t w o ch il dre n
th a t t h e l a d y Je nn i ns ha d b y thi s h u sb a nd t h a t w ere be w itched
a n d de a d , fo r there w a s co ntro v er s i e b et w e en e t w o b o w s e s, a nd
th a t a s l o ng a s the y d w e l t there th ey col d no t pro sper , a n d th a t
there s ho l d be no e b l e ss i ng in th a t ho u s e b y thi s a n A nd b e m
m m
.

i n g d e a u nd ed w h a t she e a nt b y t h e d i ff ere nc e bet w i xt t w o

ho w s es , s he a ns w ered it w a s bet w i xt t he ho u s e o f G o d a nd the
h o u s e o f the w orl d ; b u t bei ng u rged to e xpre s s e it better , she
s a id w e e k new e it w e ll e n o u g h it w a s the di ff ere nce bet w i xt
H iggi n s t he a p ot h ec a r ie, t he n e xt n ei ghb o u r , a nd the l a d y J en
niu s . A nd shee fu r t h er co nfe s s et h th a t a bo v e a m
on eth a goe she
w e nt to M r s S a x ey, i n G u np o u d er a ll e y , w h o w a s fore s pok e n
.
-

h er s elfe, a nd th a t ha d a booke t h a t c o l d h el p e a ll tho s e t h a t w er e

m
f ore spok e n, a nd th a t shee w o l d co e a nd s h o w e her the boo k e
a nd he l pe her u nd er G o d A nd fu rther s a i d to thi s ex a i n a te , m
m
.

th a t none b u t a s e i na ry prei s t col d c u re her

W e h a v e h ere
m
.

a n oth er i n s t a n c e h o w b u s y t h e s e i na ry pri es ts , or Je s u i t s , w ere

m
i n obt r u di ng t he s e l v e s i n su ch c a s e s
mm
.

C o u nte ss w a s no w co itted to New g a t e, a nd n e x t d a y new

m
re ve l a tio ns w ere obt a i ned fro t he be w itched chi l d co nfi r a tor y m
o f the f or mer a cc u s a tio n B u t . m m
e a nw hi l e t he i n i ster s w i fe
298 S ORCERY A ND M A GIC .

( M r s G o o d co l e ,
.
) ith her hu s b a nd a nd s om
w e f riends w ent t o ,

the O ld B a i l e y a nd bei ng co nfro nted w it h the pri s o ner t he l a tter

de n ied the m o st i m
, ,

port a nt p a rt o f w h a t she ha d s a id I n fa ct
the a ccu s a tion s ee m
.
,

s to h a v e a ri s e n o u t o f a pri v a te q u a rrel a nd ,

o n a ppl ic a tio n to a n e xperie n ced ph y s ici a n Dr Na pier the l a d y

Je nni ngs w a s s et a t e a s e a s to t he a i l m e nt o f her d a u g hte r so

.
, ,

w e l e a r n fro ma n ote a t the end o f t he p a per

T he other c a s e recorded in L ord Lo nd esb o r o u gh s m
.

a nu s cript

occ u rred in 1 62 6 a nd is st i ll m ore re m a rk a b l e O n th e 1 3t h o f

A u gu s t in th a t y e a r a m a n na m ed Ed w a rd Bu ll a nd a w o m
.
,

an

na m
,

ed Jo a n G r eed ie w ere i ndicted a t T a u nto n a ss i z e s fo r b e

w itchi n g o n e Ed w a rd Di nh a m T hi s m a n w he n i n hi s t s ha d
.
, ,

w hereo f o n e is a v ery p l e a s a nt

t w o v oice s be s ide s hi s o w n ,

v oice a n d s hri ll the o ther de a d ly a n d ho ll o w

,
t he third w a s his
o w n voic e W he n the r s t t w o (w ho w ere good a nd e v i l s pirits
th a t po s se ss ed h im s poke t here w a s no m
.

otio n o f h is l ip s a nd
)
to ngu e w hich ho w e ver m o v ed a s w a s u su a l w ith a m
,

,
a n t a l ki ng

w he n h is o w n v oice w a s he a rd No dou bt he w a s a v ent r il o

q u i st T he di a l ogu e a s t a ke n do w n i n t he p a per be f ore m
.

e
be a r s a c l o s e re s e m
.
, ,

b l a nce t o the con v er s a tio ns o f the po s s e ss ed

nu ns i n F r a n ce : it i s too gro s s a n i m po stu re to decei v e a ny o ne
fo r a m om e nt (I u s e g ood a nd b a d fo r the t w o spiritu a l v oi c e s
a nd m as m ore s i m pl e th a n the m
.
,

a n fo r the na tu r a l v oic e ode o f

e xpre ss i ng the min the m
,

a nu s cript ) T he co nv ersa tio n b ega n .

a s fo ll o w s

G oo d H o w e co m
. e s t h is m a n t o b ee t h u s torm e nted ?

B a d H e is be w i t ched
. .

G ood W ho h a th do ne it ?
B a d Th a t I m
.

n o t te ll
a
y
G oo d A s ke hi ma g a yn e
. .

M a n Com e co m e prithee te ll m e w ho h a t h be w itched m

. .

e
B a d A w om
. .
, ,

a n in gree n e cl o a t he s a nd a b l a cke h a tt w it h a

l o nge poll a nd a m
.
,

a n i n gr a y s r it e w ith b l e w e s t o ck i ng es , .

G o o d B u t w here a r e t he y ?
.

B a d S hee i s a t her ho u s e a n d hee is a t a t a v er n e in Y eo
.

hu ll in I re l a nd
G ood Bu t w h a t a r e their s n a m
.

. es
B a d Na y th a t I w i ll no t te ll
G o o d A s ke hi ma g a yne
.
, .

Ma n C o m e co m e prithee tell m e w h a t a r e their na m

. .

es
B a d I a mbo u n d no t to te ll
.
.
, ,

G oo d T he n te ll h a l f o f their n a m
. .

. es .

B a d T h e one i s J o ha ne a nd the other Ed w a rd
.
,
.
 THE BEW IT CHI NG OF EDW A RD DINH A M . 299

G ood No w e te ll e the other h a l f m

m
. .

B a d Tha t I a
y n ot

m
. .

G ood A s k e h i a g a yn e
m m m
. .

M a n C o e , co e , prithee te ll e the other h a l f
. .

B a d T he o n e i s G r eed ie, a nd the other B u ll
m m
. .

H a v i n g obta i ned th is i nfor a tio n, a e s s e nger w a s s e nt to a

h o u s e su s pecte d , a nd n d i ng a w o a n dre s s ed a ccord in g t o m
t he de s criptio n , he c a u s e d her to be a rre s ted a nd co itted to mm
sa f e cu s tod y T he co nv er s a tio n the n w e nt o n a s f o ll o w s
.

G oo d B u t a r e the e
. s w itche s ?

B a d Y es , th a t t he y a r e
m
. .

G oo d H o w e c a e the y t o b ee so e?
.

B a d B y d is cent
. .

G o o d B u t ho w e b y d isc ent ?

m m m m
.

B a d F ro the gr a nd other to the other , a nd fro t he
mother to the chi l dre
.

n .

G ood B u t ho w e w ere the y so e

m
.

B a d T he y w ere bo u nd to u s , a nd w ee t o the
m
. .

G ood L ett e s ee t he bo nd
. .

B a d T ho u sh a l t no t
m
. .

G o o d L ett e s ee it , a nd i f I l ik e I w i ll s e a l e a l so e
. .

B a d T ho u s h a l t if tho u w i l t no t re ve a ls the co ntentes
.

thereo f .

G ood I w i ll no t . .

T he bo nd is no w su ppo s ed t o b e sho w n, o n w hich t he goo d

Sp irit e x c l a i ms

G ood A l a s ! oh p it t ifu l l p it t ifu ll p it t i fu ll ? W h a t ? eight
s ea l e s b l ood y s e a l e s fo u r de a d a nd fo u r a l i v e ? a h m
.
, ,

i s era b l e !
M a n C om e co m e pri t hee te ll m
, , ,

e w hy did the y b ew it che
me
.
, , ,

Ba d B ec a u s e thou did s t c a ll J o ha ne G r eed ie w it che
. .

M a n W hy , is s hee no t a w it che?
.

B a d Y es , b u t tho u s ho u l de st no t h a v e s a id s o e
m
. .

G o od B u t w hy d id B u ll b ew it che hi ?
.

B a d B ec a u s e G r eed i e w a s n o t stro n ge enou g

m
.

I nq u ir y is a ga i n a de a fter B u ll , a nd , o n fo ll o w i ng the dir ec

t t o n gi v e n b y the spirit , the m
e ss e nger nd s the spot fro w hich m
he ha d j u st e s c a ped , a n d m
eets w ith peop l e w ho ha d s ee n hi m
r u nn i ng a w a y A co nv er s a tio n fo ll o w s o n the i s chie fs w hich m
m
.

t he w itche s ha d perpetr a ted be fore the y a tt a cked thi s a n , a nd

w e l e a r n th a t the y ha d be w itched a per s on to d ea th T h e con

m
.

ve rs a tio n is re su ed in a no ther t s ix d a y s a fte r a n d a n othe r

m
,

a tt e pt t o c a tch Bu ll f a i l ed The b a d sp irit no w d ecl a r es his

.
300 S O RC ERY A ND MA GIC

.

m
int e ntio n t o h a ve Dinha s s ou l , b u t the goo d spirit o ppo s es hi ,

m
a n d a v io l e nt s tr u ggl e a ri ses a nd the e v i l o n e ha s t he a d va nt a ge

m m
.
,

The co nver s a t io n bet w ee n the is the n re su ed :

m
B a d I w i ll h a ve hi , o r e l s e I w i ll t or e n t hi e ight t y e s m m m
more
.

G ood T ho u s h a l t no t h a v e th y w i ll in a ll t hi ng es ; t hou s hal t

m m m m
.

t or e nt hi b u t fou r ty e s ore .

B a d I w i ll h a v e th y s o u l e
m
. .

G ood I f tho u w i l t a ns w er s
. e three qu e s tio ns , I w ill seals

a nd goe ith thee w .

B a d I w i ll
G oo d Who m
.
.

a de the
. w orl d ?
B a d Go d
m
. .

G o od W ho cre a ted . a nk nd e
y
?

B a d God . .

G ood W her efore w a s C hri st Je su s his p recio u s b l ood s hed ?

m
.

B a d I l e no ore o f th a t

. .

U po n thi s , t he p a tie nt w a s s ei z ed w ith terrib l e conv u l s io ns .

A f ew d a y s a fterw a rd , in a nother t , the s t r u gg l e t o obta i n p os

s e s s io n o f the s o u l is re ne w ed

B a d I f tho u w i l t gi v e
. m
e thy s ou l e , I w i ll gi ve the e go l d
en ou gh
m
.

G o o d T hy go l d w il l s c a l d y nger s

m
. .

B a d I f tho u w i l t gi v e e th y s o u l e , I w i ll gi e the e d ice v

i ite o m
.
,

a nd tho u sh a l t w i nne n n e f tre re by p l y

s s o a su a

t mke e ery l etter in th i b ooke [ t hemn

.

G o od If tho u c a n s
. a v s a

ha d p a ra
yer b
-
oo k i n his ha nd ] a die , I w i ll .

B a d T h a t I ca n no t t
. .

G ood L a nde s , l a u de s , l a u de s !
.

B a d L a die s l a die s, l a die s thou h a l t h a v e l a di e s e nou gh s

m bedd t o thee [T he b a d
, .
,

a nd if tho u w i l t the y s h a ll co e to .

spirit e v ide n t ly did n o t u nder st a nd L a ti n

G oo d I f tho u c a nst m
. a ke e very l ett e r in th is b ook e a l a die ,

I w i ll
T he b a d sp irit now a tte m
.

pted to c a st the b ook a w a y b u t a fter

a v io l e nt s tr u ggl e he w a s o v erco m
,

e a n d t he n the good spirit

ma de the sw eete s t mu s ick e t h a t ever w a s he a rd A ft er a n
,

other a tt e m
.

pt to tr a ce a nd c a tch Bu ll b y the spirit s directions he ,

w a s a t l a s t c a ptu red in his bed No w th a t the pri s oner s w er e

s ec u red Di nh a mw a s de l i vered f ro m
.

h is per s ec u tor a nd w a s no
more t or me nted T hew itche s w ere i ndicted for si mi l a r o ences
, ,
'

b u t w e a r e no t to l d w h a t w a s their fa te or w he t her a ny s e m
.
,

i ,

nar y pr ie sts w e r e here con ce r n ed .
 GOTT A ON WIT C H C RAFT
'

.
301

The in u e n ce of t he doctri n e a nd e xa m pl e o f K i ng J a m es
mig ht no w b e co ns idered a s pa s s ed a nd the w it chcr a ft a gita tion,

w o u l d perh a p s h a v e gr a d u a lly su b s ided ha d no t a new i n fl u e n ce

a ri s e n to re v i ve the a m e Am
,

o ng the w riters o n the su bj ect o f

w i tchcr a ft d u ri ng J a m e s s reign o n etook it u p i n a m
.

ore r a tio na l
vi e w th a n w a s u s u a l a m o ng his co nte m
,

por a rie s Thi s w a s Joh n

C otta a n e m i n ent ph ys ici a n o f North a m
.

, p to n the a u thor o f a
, w or k
ent itl e d
T he T ri a l o f W itchcr a ft
C otta did n o t di s p u te t he
.

ex i ste nc e o f the w it c he s b u t he obj ected to the e vide nce w hich

w a s rec ei ved a ga i ns t t he m; a n d t he a r gu m
,

e nt s w hich he u s e d
t o s u ppo rt his O pi n io ns w o u l d if foll o w ed o u t h a v e l ed him
, mu ch
,

f u rther tha n he w o u l d v e ntu re the n to go C otta req u ire s th a t

.

t he e vide nce a g a i ns t per s o ns a cc u s ed o f w itc hcr a f t s ho u l d be o f

a direct a nd pr a ctic a l de s criptio n H e reco m . me nded tha t in a ll
c a s e s o f s u ppos ed w itchcr a ft or po s s e s s io n s ki l fu l ph ys ici a ns
s ho u l d be e m p l oy ed to a s certa i n if the p a tie nt m
,

ight no t be s u f
fet i n g fro ma n a t u r a l m a l a d y a nd he poi nted o u t the f a ll a c y w hich

a t te n ded the doctri n e o f w itche s m

,

a rk s H e s ho w ed ho w l ittl e

.

fa it h cou l d ge n er a lly be p l a ced in t he co nfess io ns o f the w itche s

fr o mboth the m
,

a n n er in w hich the y w ere obta i n ed a nd t h ech a r

r s o f the i ndi v id u a l s w ho m a de the m

,

a ct e H e e xpo s ed in t he
sa m e r a tio na l ma nn er the u nc erta i nty o f s u ch obj ectiona b l e m
.

ode s
o f t r y i ng w itche s a s s w i m mi ng the min the w a t ers scra tchi ng
be a tin g pi nchi ng o r dr a w i n g bl ood fro mthe m H e obj ected
, ,

.
, ,

a l s o t o t a k i ng the s u per na tu r a l re ve l a tio ns i n tho s e w ho w ere b e

w itched a s e vide n ce a g a i ns t tho s e w ho w ere a cc u s ed o f be w itch

ing t he m I t w i ll be s ee n th a t a ll the e v ide nce a t th a t ti m
. e co n
s i d er e d conc l u s i v e w o u l d th u s h a v e bee n re n dered o f no a cco u n t .

B u t C o t ta w a s i n a d va n ce o f his a g e: he p u b l i shed h is book i n

1 6 1 6 w he n K i ng J a m e s s doc t ri nes pre va i l ed in fu ll fo rce a nd

A n ew a nd m
, ,

i t a ttra cted l ittl e a tte n tio n u ch e nl a rged e d i t io n -

s h ed in 1 62 4 doe s no t a ppe a r to h a v e bee n m

.
,

b l i u ch bett er

r ec ei v ed
p u ,

a t l e a s t it ha d no e ff ect in check i ng the per s ec u tion t o

w h ic h s o m a ny u nfortu na te cre a tu re s w ere e xpo s ed .

26
302 S ORCERY A ND M A GIC .

C H A PT ER XX V .

W I T C H C R A FT U N D ER T H E C O M M O NW EA LT H ! M A T T H EW H O P K I NS ,
THE W ITC H -
F I N D ER .

T H E gr e a t w itch per s ec u tio n i n Engl a nd a ro s e u n der t hecom

-

mo nw ea lt h T he a rde nt re l igio u s fee l i n gs o f the pu rita ns l ed

the mto be l ie ve no t o nly th a t the y w ere the m
.

s e l v e s su ppo rted b y

di vi ne i n spir a tion a nd fa v o r ed w ith spec i a l re v e l a tions b u t th a t

S a t a n w a s a s a cti v e ly a t w ork a g a i ns t the m; a nd th a t a s w ith
,

the heroe s o f the H o m

,

eric a g e the w a r fa re in w hich the y w ere

,

throw n e n g a ged the s piritu a l no l e s s th a n the c a r na l w orl d I t .

w a s n a t u r a l there fore th a t the y sho u l d l ook w ith e spec i a l horror

a nd ho s ti l ity o n th a t u n io n o f S a t a n a nd m m
, ,

a nk i n d w hich w a s e

bodied in t he w itch or s orcerer T he y w ere the m ore a pp a re nt

ma ni fe sta tions o f the devil s o w n i nterfere nce in the a tte mpt t o
.

bri ng b a ck the dou b l e t y r a nny o f ki ng ship a nd poper y I t is

im
.

po ss ib l e no w to s a y ho w fa r t he pro s ec u t io ns o f w itche s a t thi s

period be l onged t o t he per s o na l a ni m o s itie s o f re l igiou s a nd p o
l it ica l p a rty b u t there ca n be l itt l e do u b t t h a t s o m e a t l e a st o f
tho s e w ho su ff ered w ere m T her s t na m
,

a rty r s to their l oy a l t y e
w hich u sher s in the m
.

el a n cho ly l i s t d u ri n g thi s period is th a t o f

Dr L a m b w ho ha d bee n the fa v orite B u cki ngh a ms do m e s tic

ma gici a n a nd w ho w a s torn to piece s b y the L ondon mo b in

.
,

1 64 0
o u tbre a k of fa na tici s ma nd su perstition w h ich fol
.

T he gr e a t
l o w ed bega n in the co u nty o f Es s e x I n the spri n g o f 1 64 5.
,

s e v er a l w itche s w ere s ei z ed a t M a nni ngtree a nd w ere s u b s e

qu e ntly conde m
,

ned a n d h a nged O ne of the s e w a s a n old w o

ma n n a med El i z a beth C l a rk e a nd the mo st i mport a nt w itness
.

,

a g a i ns t her w a s M a tthe w H opki n s o f M a nni ngtree g e nt It , .

a ppe a r s t ha t H opki ns h a d w a tched w ith her s e ver al n igh t s i n a

roo min the ho u s e o f a M r Ed w a rd s in w hich shew a s co n n e d

t o keep her fro ms l eepi ng u nti l s he m
.
, ,

a de a co nfe ss io n a nd t o

s ee i f she w ere v i s ited b y her fa m i l i a r s H e dec l a red a m

,

. o ng ,

other thi n gs th a t o n the n ight o f the 2 4 t h o f M a rch w hich a p

, ,

pe a rs to h a v e bee n the third n ight o f w a tchi ng a fter he ha d t e

fu s ed to l et her c a ll o ne o f her i m p s or fa m
,

i l i a r s she co nfe ssed ,

t h a t a b o u t s i x or s e v e n y e a r s be fore she ha d su rr e nder e d he r se lf

 M ATTH EW HO PKINS A ND J OH N STERNE

. 303
t

t o t he d e vi l , c am we to h er in the for mo f a proper g ent l

ho
ma n w ith a l a ced b a nd S oon a fter thi s a l ittl e dog a ppe a red
,

.
,

fa t a nd short in the l egs in co l or w hite w ith s a nd y s pot s w hich

w he n he hi n dered it fro ma ppro a chi ng her va ni s hed fro mhis
, , ,

S he co nfe s s ed t ha t i t w a s o ne o f her i m p s na m
,

s ight ed J a r
ma r a I mmedi a tely a fter thi s ha d di s a ppe a red a nother c a me in
.
,

t he formo f a gre y hou n d w hich s he c a ll ed V i neg a r T o m

.
,

, ; a nd
i t w a s f oll o w ed b y a nother in the s h a pe o f a po l ec a t A nd thi s
i nfor m m
.

a nt
[ H O k ins
p ] f u rther s a ith t h a t go i n g f ro , the ho u s e o f
t he s a i d M r Ed w a rd s to his o w n ho u s e a bo u t n i ne o r t en o f t he
c l ock t h a t night w ith his gre y hou n d w ith hi mhe sa w t he gre y
.

hou n d su dde nly gi v e a j u m

, ,

p a n d r u n a s she ha d been in a fu ll
a n d th a t w he n the i nform a nt m
,

c o u r s e a fter a h a re a de h a s te to s e e
w h a t hi s gre yho u nd so e a gerly p u r su ed he e s pied a w hite thi n g ,

a b o u t the bi gn e s s o f a k i l l i n [ kitte n ] a n d the gre yho u nd st a nd

in g a l oo f fro mit ; a n d th a t b y a nd b y the s a id white im
,

or k itte n
p
- -

d a n c ed a bo u t the sa id gre yho u nd a nd b y a l l l ik e l ihood bit a piec e

,

m
o f t he e s h o f the sho u l der o f the gre y ho u nd fo r the gre yho u n d

ca m
,

e s hrieki ng a nd cry i n g to thi s i nfor a nt w ith a piece o f e sh

t o r n f ro mher s hou l der A nd t hi s i nfor m a nt f u r t her s a ith t h a t

c om
.
, ,

i n g i nto his o w n y a rd th a t n ight he e spied a bl a ck thi ng , ,

pr o portion ed l ike a ea t only it w a s thrice a s b ig s i t t i ng o n a

s tr a w berry bed a nd x i n g it s e y e s o n thi s i n for m
, ,
-
a nt ; a n d w he n

he w e nt to w a rd it it l e a ped o v er the p a l e to w a rd thi s i nform

,

, a nt ,

a s h e tho u ght b u t r a n qu ite thro u gh the y a rd w ith his gre y ho u nd

a fter it t o a gr e a t g a te w hich w a s u n der s et w ith a p a ir o f t u m

, ,

, ,

b r i ll stri n gs a nd did thro w the s a id g a te w ide O pe n a nd the n

-

va n i shed ; a nd t h e s a id gre yho u n d retu r n ed a g a i n t o thi s i nfor m

, ,

a nt s h a ki n g a nd tre m

b l i n g e x ceedi ngly
H opki ns ha d no t v e ntu r ed t o re m
.
,

a i n w ith the w itch a l on e in

h is w a tchi ngs fo r he ha d w ith himo neJoh n S ter ne o f M a nni ng

tree w ho a l s o a dded ge ntl e m to his na m
, ,

an e a nd w ho co n
rm ed e ve r y thi ng th a t H opki ns ha d s a id depo s ed to the co m
, ,

i ng
o f the i m p s a n d a ddi ng th a t the third i m
,

w a s c a ll ed S a c k a n d
p
-

T he y w a tched a t n ight w ith a nother w o m a n na m

,

s u ga r ed R e
b ec ca W e s t a nd s a w her i m ps in the s a m e m
.
,

a nn er S h e co n
fes s ed a nd sta ted t ha t the r s t ti m e she s a w S a ta n he c a me t o
, .

h er a t n ight to l d her he m u s t be h er h u s b a nd a nd m
, ,

a rr ied her

Thes e vere tre a t m

.
, ,

e nt to w hich the per sons a cc u s ed w ere e x po s ed

soo n f orced co nfe ss io ns f ro mt he ma l l a nd the y a v o w ed the m
l v e s gu i l ty o f m i s chie fs o f e very d e s criptio n fro mthe t a k i ng
,

se

a w a y o f hu m a n l i f e to the s poi l i ng o f m i lk S om e o f their i m

,

ps
had ca u sed stor m
.

s a t se a a nd th u s the sh ip s o f peop l e a g a i nst

,
 S ORCERY A ND MAGI C .

w ho mthe y w ere pro oked w ere c t w y The n me nd v as a a a s a

f orm f their i m
.

s o p w ere eq lly f t tic R ebec c J o e

s u a an a s a n s, a
w itch bro ght fro mS t O yt h e id th t he h d met m i
.

u . s s , sa a s a a an n

a r gged it w ith gre t e y e th t t erried her e ceedi gly

a su a d s a x n an

th t he g e her three thi g l ike m

, ,

a av o l e b t w itho t t i l w hich n s s, u u a s,

s h e fed w ith mi l k A other h d im p i the f or m f w hit

n e a an n o a

dog w h ich he c l l ed Elim e d w hich he fed w ith m

.

s a i lk a nz r an s

pott a ge O ne ha d three i m
, ,

p s w hich she c a ll ed P rick ea r J a ck -

a n d F rog ; a nother ha d fo u r n a m ed J a me s P rick ea r R obi n a nd

. , , ,

-
, , , ,

S p a rro w S e ver a l w s
it n e s e s poor a n d i gnor t peop l e w ere
a n
brou ght to te st i fy to the m
.

i schie f w hich ha d b ee n do n e b y the se

me a ns ; a nd some dec l a red th a t they ha d s ee n their imp s A
co u ntry m
.

a n gr a v e ly re l a ted ho w p a s s i ng a t d a ybre a k b y the

ho u s e o f o n e o f the w o m e n a cc u s ed n a m
,

ed A nn e W e st he w a s , ,

s u rpri s ed to nd her door ope n a t th a t e a rly ho u r a nd l ooki ng in , ,

he s a w three o r fou r t hi n g s l ike b l a ck r a bbit s o ne o f w h ic h r a n

a fter him H e s ei z ed u pon it a nd tried to ki ll it b u t it s ee m
,

. ed ,

in his h a nd s l i ke a piece o f w oo l a n d s tretched ou t in l e ngt h a s ,

he pu ll ed it w itho u t a ny a pp a re nt i nj u ry Then reco ll ecti ng .

th a t there w a s a s pri n g n e a r a t h a nd he h u rried thither a nd a t

t em pted to dro w n it b u t it v a ni shed fro mhis s ight a s s oo n a s he
,

u t it in the w a ter H e th e n ret u r ned to w a rd the ho u s e a nd

p
s eei ng A nne W e s t s t a n di n g o u t s ide the door i n her s m
.
,

o ck he
m s to tor m m
,

a sked her w h
y sh e s e n t her i p e n t hi
T hi s s ee m
.

s t o h a v e bee n the r s t a ppe a r a n ce o f M a tthe w H o

p
ki ns in the ch a r a cter o f a w itch nd er fo r w hi ch he a fter w a rd -

bec a m e s o n otoriou s a nd w hich he n o w a ssu m

,

, e d a s a l ega l p r o
f ess io n H e proceed ed i n a regu l a r circ u it thro u gh S u ff o l k No r
fol k C a m brid g e shire a nd H u nti n gd o n a ccom
.
,

p a n ied w ith Joh n

S terne a n d a w o m a n w ho s e b u s i n e ss it w a s to e xa m
, , ,

i ne the bodie s
o f the f e m a l e s in s e a rch o f their m a rk s I n A u gu s t o f 1 64 5 , w e
nd the ma t B u r y in S u ff o l k w here o n t he 2 7t h o f th a t m
.

, ,
o nth , ,

n o l e s s t h a n eightee n w itche s w ere e x ec u ted a t o n ce a nd a hu n

dred a nd t w e nty m
,

ore w ere to h a v e bee n tried b u t a s u dde n

mo ve ment o f the ki ng s troop s in th a t direc t ion ob l iged the j u dge s
,

to a djo u r n the s e s s io n S o m eo f the i m

. p s here a ppe a red in the
sh a p e s o f s na ke s w a s p s a n d hor net s a n d e v e n o f s n a i l s T he y
w ere m o s t ly e m p l o y ed in petty o ff ence s ; o n e m
, , , .

a n a nd h i s w i f e

w ere g u i l ty o nly o f h a v i ng b ew itched the beer i n a bre w ho u s e

a nd m a ki n g it s ti nk O ther s ho w ever con fe ss ed th a t the y ha d
r a i s ed te m p e sts a n d s torm s a nd c a u s ed m i s c hie f o f a m u ch m
.
, ,

or e
O ne w o m
,

s erio u s ch a r a cter . a n dec l a red th a t she ha d co n cei v ed

t w o chi l dre n b y the de vi l b u t a s s oo n a s she w a s de l i v ered o f
,
 PA RS ON LO WES . 305

t hemt hey r an a w a in mo t
horrid l ong u gly sha p e s
y s A nne

Lea c h o f M i stl e y Es s e x w ho w a s tried here s a id th a t the i m

.

ps
did m i s chie f w here ver the y w e nt a nd th a t w he n thi s e x a m
, , , ,

i na n t
did no t s e nd a nd e m p l oy the ma bro a d to do m
,

i s chie f she ha d no t
her h ea l th b u t w he n the y w ere e m
,

, p l o y ed she w a s he a l t hf u l a nd

w ell
T he m o st re m a rk a b l e v icti mo f thi s i nq u i s ition a t B u r y w a s a n
.

a g ed c l er gy m a n na m ed L o w e s w ho ha d bee n v ic a r o f B r a nde ston

nea r F r a m l i ngh a mi n th a t co u nty fty y e a r s a w e ll kno w n o p
,

o f the n ew ch u rch go v er n m s m
, ,

n e n t e n t T hi a n w e a r e to l d
p o

b y S t erne o ne o f the i nq u i s itor s ha d bee n i ndicted for a c o m

.
,

mo n imb a r r a t or a nd fo r w itchcra ft a bo v e thirty y e a rs be fore a nd

, ,

a s I h a v e he a rd ) fo u n d the bi ll fo r a co m m m
, , ,

t h e gr a nd ( o n i
b a rra tor w ho no w a fter he w a s fo u nd w ith the m
, ,
a rk s in h is c o n ,

fa ss io n he confe s s ed th a t in pride o f he a rt to be eq u a l o r r a ther

a b o ve Go d the de v i l took a d v a nt a ge o f him a nd he co v e n a n ted
,

w i t h t he de vi l a nd s e a l ed it w ith his b l ood a nd h a d tho s e fa m

, ,

il
i a r e o r spirit s w hich su ck ed o n the m
, ,

a rk s fo u nd o n hi s bod y

a nd did m u ch h a r mb oth b y s e
, ,

a a nd l a nd e s peci a lly b y s e a fo r
, ,

he c onfe s s ed th a t he bei ng a t Lu n g a r fo r t [ La n g u a r d for t ] in S u f

,
-

f o l k w here he pre a ched a s he w a l ked u po n the w a ll o r w or k s

, ,

t h er e he s a w a gre a t s a i l o f ship s p a ss b y a n d th a t a s the y w ere

s a i l i n g b y o ne o f his three i m p s na m
, , ,

e ly his y e ll o w o n e forth
w ith a ppe a red t o hima n d a s ked hi mw h a t he s hou l d do a nd he
, , , ,

b a d it g o a nd s i n k su ch a s hip a nd s ho w ed hi s i m
,

a n ew s hip
p
am o ng the m idd l e o f the re s t (a s I re m em
,

ber ) o ne th a t be l onged
t o I p s w ich s o he co n fe s s ed t he i m
,

w e n t f or t h w ith a w a y a nd
, p ,

h e s t ood s ti ll a nd v ie w ed the s hip s o n the s ea a s the y w ere a

s a i l i n g a nd percei v ed th a t ship i m medi a te ly to b e in more trou
b l e a nd d a n ger th a n the re st ; fo r he sa id the w a ter w a s m
,

or e
b o is terou s n e a r th a t th a n the re s t tu m b l i ng u p a nd do w n w ith
,

w a v e s a s if w a ter ha d bee n boi l ed in a pot a nd s oo n a fter (he

s a i d ) in a s hort ti m
, ,

e it su nk direc t ly do w n i nto the sea a s he

s too d a nd vi e w ed it w he n a ll t h ere st s a i l ed do w n in sa fe t y ; the n

he c o nfe s s ed he m
,

a de fo u rtee n w ido w s in o n equ a rter o f a n ho u r

T he n M r H opki ns a s he to l d m
.

e (fo r he took his co nfe ss ion )

d hi m if it did no t grie v e hi mto s ee s o m a ny m
.
, ,

a ske en c a s t
a w a y i n a short ti m e a nd th a t he s hou l d be the c a u s e o f so m
,

,
a ny

oo r w ido w s o n a su dde n ; b u t he s w ore b y his M a ker no he

p
w a s jo y f u l t o s ee w h a t po w er his i m
, ,

p s ha d : a nd s o l ike w i s e
c o nf e s s ed m a ny other m i s chie fs a nd ha d a ch a r mto keep him
ou t o f t he j a i l a nd h a ng ing a s he p a r a phr a s ed it hi m
,

,
se l f b u t ,

26
306 S ORCERY A ND M AGIC .

t herei n the devil decei v ed him; fo r hew a s h a nged t ha t M icha el

ma s ti me 1 64 5 a t B u ry S t Ed mu nd s ; b u t he ma de a ver y fa r
, ,
.

l a rger co nfe s s io n w hich I h a v e he a rd h a th bee n pri nted ; b u t if

i t w ere s o it w a s neither o f M r H opki ns doi n g no r m
,

, . i ne o w n

,

f o r w e n e ver pri nted a ny thi ng u nti l no w .

P erh a ps H opki n s w he n s c a red b y the ro ya l troop s ret u rned

ho m e w a rd fromBu ry t o I p s w ich w here a poor w o m a n na m
, ,

ed
La k el a w w a s b u rn t o n the n i nth o f S epte m
,

ber S he co nf e s s ed .

tha t she ha d bee n a w itch n e a r ly t w e nty y e a rs a nd th a t she ha d ,

be w itched to de a th her o w n h u sb a nd a nd a perso n w ho ha d r e

fu s ed to gi v e her a n eed l e be s ide s d e s troy i n g s e vera l s hip s yet
sh e ha d a l w a y s a ppe a red to be a very re l igio u s w o m
, ,

a n a nd w a s

S he ha d three i m
,

a co ns t a nt a tte nd a nt a t ch u rch p s in the sha pe

o f t w o l itt l e dog s a nd a m
.

ole
A t Y a rm o u th H opki ns s a cri ced s i xtee n pers ons a ll o f w ho m
.

ma de confe ssions One w oma n ha d been in the h a bi t o f doi ng

, ,

w ork for o ne o f the a l der m e n w ho w a s a s tocki ng m

.

erch a nt
O ne d a y w he n he w a s a bs e nt fro mho m
, .

e she w e nt t o his hou se

to a sk for w ork a nd w a s tu rned a w a y co nte m ptu ou sly b y his m
, ,

an
S h e the n a ppl ied to the m a id s er va nt fo r s om
, .

-
e k nitti n g b u t w a s
r ecei ved no m ore fa vor a b ly S he w e nt hom
,

e in gre a t di s t r ess
a nd a nger a nd i n the m
.

idd l e o f the n ight he a ri ng a k n ock a t t he

door she ro s e fromher bed to l ook ou t a t the w i ndo w a nd t h er e
, ,

s a w a t a ll b l a ck m H e to l d her he k ne w o f the i ll t r e a t m
, ,

an e nt -

she ha d recei ved a nd th a t he w a s co m e to gi v e her t he m

.

ea ns
o f re ve nge ; a nd a fter h a v i ng m a de her w rite her na m
,

e in a b ook
he dre w fro mhis pocket he ga v e her s om e m
,

, on e y a nd w ent ,

away Nex t n ight he a ppe a red a ga i n a nd t ol d her he ha d not

the po w er to i nj u re the m
.
,

a n bec a u s e he w e nt regu l a r ly t o h e ar
p iou s m i ni s ters a nd sa id his pr a y ers n ight a nd m orn i n g ; a n d it
w a s the n a greed th a t he sho u l d p u n i sh the m
,

a id T hen ight fol

l o w i n g he retu r ned w ith the s a m e story a s rega rded t he m
.

a id
b u t he sa id there w a s a chi l d in the f a m i ly tha t m
,

ight b e i nj u r ed
T he w om a n h a v i n g co ns e n ted he c a m e ne xt night w ith a n im
.

a e
, g
o f w a x i n te nded t o repre s e n t the chi l d a nd the y w e n t tog e th er
to the ch u rch ya rd a nd b u ried i t The chi l d w a s im med i a tely
,

t a ke n i ll a nd it ha d l a ngu i shed i n th i s conditio n eighteen m

.

, onth s ,

w he n the w itch w a s s ei z ed a nd brou ght t o t h e w itch nd er s -

j u stic e .

S he w a s ta ke n to the roomw here t he ch il d l a y a nd ,

sh e h a d n o s oo ner repe a ted her confe ss io n there th a n it b e a n

g
T he y took the w o m a n ne x t m
,

t o reco ver or ni ng to the chu rch

y a rd w here she poi nted to the e xa ct spot w here the w a xen im
.

a g e w a s b u ried b u t w he n the y d u the y f o u nd n othi n T h e

, g g .
 THE WITC HES AT F AVERSHAM . 307

de m
vil i t see s , ha d c a rried it a w a y T hi s w o a n s f a i l i a r m
m
m
.

ca e t o h er in the sh a pe o f a b l a ckbird .

T he infection thu s s et a goi n g b y H opkins i n o ne p a rt o f the

m
king do , s oo n spre a d its e l f t o others , a nd the w ho l e i sl a nd s ee ed m
on a s u d de n to be ll ed w ith m
a l ign a nt w itche s I n thi s s a e m
m m
.

o nth o f S e pte b er , 1 64 5 , three w itche s w ere e x ecu ted a t Fa

ve r s ha m in K e n t T he y ha d s ign ed co v e n a nt s to the ev i l o ne
m
, .

w i t h t h eir b l ood O neo f the s a id , th a t a bo u t three q u a rter s o f

m
.

a ye a r b e fore , w he n she r s t b ec a e a w itch , A s she w a s in

t he b ed a bo u t t w e lv e o r o n e o f t he c l ock i n the night , there l a y a
r a g ged s o ft thi n g u po n her bo s o ,
w m
hich w a s v er y s o f t , a n d s he

th r u s t it o w ith her h a nd ; a nd she s a i t h th a t w he n she ha d

'

th r u st it a w a y , she tho u ght G o d forsook her , fo r she co u l d

n e ve r pr a y s o w e ll s i nce a s she cou l d be fore ; a nd fu rther s a ith ,

t h a t s he v eri ly think s it w a s a l i v e A nother , w ho h a d b ee n
m
.

t w enty y e a rs a cqu a i nted w ith a d e on w hich rs t a ppe a red t o

her in the sh a pe o f a hedgehog , b u t a s so ft a s a c a t , a t her r st
co m i ng i nto the j a i l sp a ke very m u ch to the oth er s th a t w ere a
p
p r e h e n ded b e f ore her to co n f e ss i f the y w ere g u i l t y ; a nd s too d

t o i t v e r y perv er s e ly th a t sh e w a s c l e a r o f a ny s u ch thi ng a nd ,

t ha t i f the y pu t her i nto the w a ter to try her shes ho u l d certa i nly
s in k . B u t w hen sh e w a s p u t i nto the w a ter a n d it w a s a pp a ,

re nt t h a t she did o a t u po n the w a ter b ei n g t a k e n f orth a g e n

t l em a n t o w ho mb e fore s he h a d s o co n de nt ly s poke n a nd w ith
, ,

w h o mshe o ff ered to l a y t w e nty shi ll i ngs to o ne th a t she co u l d

,
'

no t s w i ma sked her h o w it w a s po s s ib l e th a t s h e co u l d be s o
im p u d ent a s no t to co nf e s s her s e l f w he n she ha d s o m
,

u ch per

su a d ed the others to co n fe ss ; to w ho ms h e a n s w ered th a t the

,

d evi l w e nt w ith her a ll the w a y a nd to l d her th a t she sho u l d

s ink b u t w he n she w a s in the w a ter he s a t u po n a cro s s be a m
,
-

Thethird o f th e F a v er sh a mw itche s w ho s e
, , ,

a n d l a u ghed a t her

t er mo f t w e nty y e a rs f or w hich sh e ha d s o l d her s e l f to S a ta n

.
,

w a s n e a r ly e xpired a nd w ho s e fa m i l i a r w a s a l i t tl e dog na m ed
B u n depo s ed th a t the de v i l pro m
,

i sed her th a t she shou l d no t
l a ck a nd th a t she h a d m on e y s o m eti m
,

e s brou ght to her shek ne w

no t w he nce s o m eti m e s one s hi ll ing s o m eti m
,

e s s i x pe n c e ne v er
mo re a t once T he i nc a p a city o f t hete mpter to gi ve more th a n
, , ,

a sm a ll s u mo f m one y a t a ti m e to a ny o f his v icti m

.

s w as a pe
,

cu l ia r a rtic l e i n the Eng l i s h popu l a r creed . In sa ys

B a xt er
in Dor s et shir e I l odged a t a v i ll a ge o n a hi ll c a ll ed
ver shot in the ho u s e o f the m n i s ter a gr a ve m
, , ,

( I t hi n k ) E i an

w ho ha d w ith hi m a s o n a l s o a l e a r n ed m
, , ,

i ni ster th a t ha d
b een cha pl a in t o S ir T ho m a s A da m
, ,

s in L o ndo n T he y b oth
.
ape s oncnnv AND MA GIC .

t ol d m e th a t th e y ha d a n eigh bo r t h a t ha d l o ng l a i n b ed r id -

t h a t to l d a ll the occ a sion ; tha t fo r a l o ng t i m

, ,

e being a po or l a
a n e v er y m
.

bori ng m
,

orn i n g w he n he w e nt o u t o f h is d oo r he
fo u nd a shi ll i n g u nder his door o f w hich he to l d n o m
, ,

a n s o th at

in a l ong ti m e he b u y i n g s o m e sheep or s w i ne a nd s e em
, ,

i ng rich
his n eighbor s m a r v e ll ed ho w he c a m e b y it A t l a s t he to l d them
, , ,

a n d w a s su dde nly s tr u ck l a m
.
,

e a nd b ed rid T he y w ou l d h a ve -

me spe a k w ith the ma n ; b u t the sno w coveri ng t he grou n d and

.

I bei ng i ll a nd the w itn e s s e s fu lly credib l e I forb o r e

, , .

H opki ns a nd h is co ll e a gu e s w ere e n co u r a ged in t he ir n ew

pro fe ss io n b y the t a c it recogn ition o f p a r l i a m e n t w ho s ent a co m
mi ss io n o f pu rita nic a l mi ni s ters to a s s i st the j u dge s in the a s s i zes
,

W ec a n tr a c ehis co u rs e i m per fectly by the p a m ph l e t s o f t heti m

.

e
w hich gi ve reports o f a t l e a s t s o m
,

e o f t hed i er ent tri a l s in w hich

'

he g u red a s gr a nd a cc u s er b u t s o m e o f the s e a r e no w ex c eed

i ng l y r a re a n d m H ew a s perh a p s a t C a m
,

a ny no do u bt a r el o s t
, .

bridge to w a rd the end o f the y e a r 1 64 5 a s a w itch w a s h a n ge d

there w ho ha d a n im m
,

p in the f or o f a frog T o w a rd s pri n g t h e .

w itch nd er ge ner a l re a ched H u nti ngdon w here a r ic h h a r ve st

- -

a w a ited him
,

T he i m p s o f the w itche s o f H u nti ngdon o fte n a s su m

.

ed t he
for mo f m ice a nd the y w ere tr a nsfer a b l e fro mo n e pers on t o a n
other T he y ha d di ff ere nt po w er s s om e b ei ng a b l e t o k i ll m
,

en
other s o nly c a ttl e a nd a ni m
.
, ,

a l s w hi l e the po w er o f other s e xt e nd

ed o nly t o i na ni m
,

a te thi n g s T hi s w a s the re a s o n w hy o new itch

ha d o fte n s e v er a l fa m i l i a r s Joh n W innick a h u s b a nd m
.

. a n s a id , ,

th a t h a vi n g l o s t his p u r s e w ith s e v e n s hi ll i ngs i n it a t w hich he

w as m u ch grie v ed he w a s o ne d a y a t noon i n the b a r n m
,

, a k i ng ,

ha y bott l e s fo r hor s e s
-
s w e a ri n g c u r s i ng a nd r a gi n g a n d w i sh

ing he m
, , , ,

ight h a ve he l p to re store h is l o ss w he n the e v i l onea p

m m
,

e ar e d to h i i n the f or f a b l a ck sh a gg y be a s t w ith p a w s
p o

l ike a be a r b u t no t qu ite s o l a rge a s a cony o r r a bb i t a nd t em

,

pt
ed himb y a pro m
, ,

i s e o f re stitu tion O ne o f the H u nt ingdo n

w itche s J o a n W a l lis s a id th a t s he o ne da y m et a m
.

a n i n b l a ck

c l o t he s w ho s a id his na m e w a s B l a ck m
, ,

, a n a nd a s ked h e r if she ,

w a s poor S he sa w he ha d u g ly f eet a nd w a s a fr a id He
to l d her tha t hew ou l d s e nd her t w o fa m i l i a rs n a m
. .
,

ed G r iss ell a nd
G reedigu t a nd w ithi n three or f ou r d a y s G r i ss e ll a nd G r eed i
m
,

g u t c a e to her in the s h a pe o f dog s w ith gre a t b ri st l e s o f ho g s

h a ir u pon their b a ck s a nd s a id to her the y w ere come fro mB la ck

,

ma n to do w h a t shew ou ld co mma nd the ma nd did a sk her if she

,

did w a nt a nythi ng a nd t he y w o u l d fetch her a nyt h i n g ; a nd she

T he n the y pr a y ed her t o give t hem
,

s a id she l a cked n othi ng .

 J OHN GA ULE RESIST S H OPK INS . 309

so me vi ct u a l s , a nd she sa id she w a s poor a nd ha d none t o gi ve

th em a nd so the y dep a rted

Y et sheco nfe ss ed t h a t B l a ck m an

G r iss ell a nd G reedigu t di v ers ti m es ca m

, .
,

e t o her a fter w a rd a nd
br ou ght her t w o o r three shi ll i ngs a t a ti m
, , ,

e El i z a beth C h a nd l er
w a s a cc u s ed o f h a v i ng t w o i m p s na m
.

ed B ee l z eb u b a nd T ru ll i
b u b ; b u t sh e de nied it a nd s t a ted th a t she c a ll e d a cert a i n l og
,

o f w o od B ee l z eb u b a nd a s tick n e a r it T r u ll ib u b A nother
w om a n w a s co ns tr a i ned t o conf e s s th a t she s e nt her f a m
, .

il i a r
na m ed Pretty t o ki ll a m T he m
,

a n s c a po ns a n b ei n g b ro u ht

g
for w a r d a s a w itn e ss d ep o set h th a t s he co m
.
,

, i ng to b a ke a l o a f
,

a t h i s ho u s e a bou t three o r f o u r y e a r s s i n ce bei n g de nied hi s , ,

ca p o ns did fa ll a u tteri ng a nd w ou l d n e v er e a t a f ter A nd a l s o

s a i t h th a t a bo u t the s a m e ti m
, .

e sh e ha vi n g a hog in his y a rd
som e o f h is s erva n ts s et a dog o n the s a m
, , ,

e ; for w hich she s a i d

she w o u l d b e re v e n ged a nd the n e x t d a y o ne o f hi s hog s died
, .

I t w a s a pp a re ntly j u st be fore his v i s it to H u nti ngdo n to u nder

t a ke t hese exa m i n a tio ns w hich took p l a ce d u ri n g the m o nth s o f
M a rch a nd A pri l o f the y e a r 1 64 6 th a t H opk i ns w e nt to K i m
,

, b el
t on . T he report s o f his s a n gu i na r y proceedi ngs h a d spre a d con
st e r na t io n f a r a nd w ide a nd it w a s o n ly here a nd there th a t a n
y
o ne du rs t r a i s e a v oice a g a i ns t h i m O ne o f t he s e co u r a g eou s
,

i ndi v id u a l s w a s John G a u l e the m

.

i ni ster o f G re a t S t a u ghto n
ne a r K i m
, ,

bo lton in H u nt ing d o nsb ir e w ho took u p th e c u dge l s

, ,

a ga ins t H opki ns a nd pro v o k ed his w r a th t o su ch a degree th a t

, ,

h e w ro te the fo ll o w i ng i ns o l e nt l etter to o n e o f the chie f per s on s

in his p a ri sh M y s er v ic e t o y o u r w or ship pre s ented I h a v e
t hi s d a y rece i v ed a l etter to co m
.
,

e to a to w n c a ll ed G re a t S t a u gh
t on t o s e a rch f o r e v i l di s po s ed pers on s c a ll ed w itche s (thou gh I
-

hea r y o u r m
,

i ni ster is a g a i nst u s thro u gh ignor a nce ) I i nte n d t o

co m e (G o d w i lli ng) the soo ner to he a r his s i ngu l a r j u d gm
,

e nt in
b eh a l f o f su ch p a rtie s I h a v e k no w n a m i ni s ter in S u ff ol k
a ch a s m
.

r e u ch a ga i n st the di s co v er y in a p u l pit a nd forced t o

p
m m sa m m u ch m
,

I a r ve l
re ca nt i t
(b y the co ittee ) i n the e p l a ce

vi l m em ber s s ho u l d h a ve a ny m u ch m
.

s u ch e ore a ny o f the c l er
,

w h o shou l d g l a il pre ch terror to co n v i nce su ch o ff e nder s

gy y a

s t a n d u p t o t a ke their p a rt s a ga i ns t s u ch a s a r e co m
,

p l a i na nt s fo r
t he k i ng a nd s u ff erer s the m s e l ve s w ith their fa m i l ie s a nd e st a te s
I a mto co m
.

I i nte nd t o gi v e y ou r to w n a v i s it su dde nly e to

K im b o l to n thi s w eek a nd it sh a ll be t en t o o ne b u t I w i ll co m
.

,
e
t o yo u r t o w n r st ; b u t I w ou l d cert a i nly k no w a fore w hether
ou r t ow n a or ds m
l
a ny s tick l er s f o r su ch c a tt e or w i ll i n g t o

y
m a nd e ntert a i nm
,

g iv e a n d a ff ord u s good w e l co e e nt a s other ,

w he r eI ha veb e en els eI sh a ll w a iveyou r sh ir e (not a s yet b e

,
31 0 SORCERY AND M A GI C.

gi nni ng i n a ny p a rt o f it m y s el f) a nd beta k e m et o su ch pl a ce s

w here I do a nd m
,

a per s i s t w itho u t co ntro l b u t w i t h t h a nk s a nd

y
reco m pe ns e S o I hu m b ly ta k e m
,

l e a v e a nd re s t y ou r s e r v a nt
y
t o he co m ma nded M A T T H EW H o p x m
.
,

s

S o f a r w a s Joh n G a u l e fro mbe i ng terried b y t hi s thr ea te n i ng

. .

epi stl e th a t he i m medi a te ly ma de it t he text o f a tre a ti s e a ga inst

the w itch nd er a nd his fo ll o w ers w hich he p u b l i shed t he s a m
,
-
, e
e a r u nder the ti t l e o f S e l ect C a s e s o f C o n s cie n c e to u c hi n
y g
W itche s a nd W itchcr a ft
G a u l e w a s no t in a d va nce o f his a ge
in poi n t o f i nte ll ige n ce tho u gh his better a n d m
.

, ore g ene r ou s
f ee l i ngs re v o l ted a t the w ho l e sa l e cru e l tie s w hich ha d b ee n pr o
y oked b y H opk i ns a nd hi s a cco m p l ice s H e fu lly b e l i e v ed in .

t he e x i s te n ce o f the w i t che s a nd i n the e v i l s w hich th ey p er pe

t r a t ed b u t he w i shed l ike C ott a th a t the e v ide nc e shou l d be m
,

ore
c a u t io u s ly s i fted a nd di s cri m i na ted I n hi s e nu m
, ,

er a ti o n o f t he
obj ectio na b l e m
.

ethod s o f try i ng w itche s he l ets u s i nt o a s ecret ,

o f H opk i ns s pr a ctice s w hich s ho w u s a t o n ce the horri b l e c har

,

a cter o f the per s ec u tio n th a t w a s c a rr ied o n u nder t he di re c ti on

o f the w itch nd e r ge ner a l
- -
T o a l l the s e s igns sa y s G a u l e
.
, ,

I ca n no t b u t a d d o ne a t l a rge w hich I h a v e l a te ly l e a rn ed pa r t
1y fro ms o m e co m mu n ic a tions I ha d w ith o ne o f the w it ch nd
, ,

er s (a s the y c a ll the m p a rtly f ro mthe co nf e s s io ns h i h I

) ( w c

he a rd ) o f a su spected a nd co m mitted w itch so h a ndl ed a s she

,

s a id a nd p a rtly a s the co u ntr y peopl e ta l k o f it H a v i n g t a ke n

the s u spected w itch she i s p l a ced in the m idd l e o f a ro o mu po n
.
,

a s too l o r t a b l e cro ss l egged o r i n s o m

, ,

-
e other u ne a s y po s t u re t o
w hich if s hesu b m
, , ,

its not sheis the n bou nd w ith cord s ; there she

i s w a tched a nd kept w itho u t m
, ,

e a t or sl eep fo r the s p a c e o f fou r

a n d t w e nty ho u r s for the y s a ithi th a t t im e t h e y s h a ll s e e
-
( y w n
her im m s l ike w i s e m
p co e a n d su ck
) A l itt l e ho l e i a de i n t he

door fo r the i m m m
.

p to co e i n a t ; a n d l e s t the y s ho u l d c o e i n
s om e l e ss di s cern ib l e sh a pe the y th a t w a tch a r e ta u ght t o b e
e ver a nd a n on s w eepi ng the roo m a nd if the y s ee a ny spid er s
,

o r ie s to ki ll the ma nd i f the y ca n no t ki l l t h e mthen t h e ym

,

a
y
b e su re the y a r e her i m
, , ,

ps
T he pro vi s io n o f m
.

a ki ng a ho l e i n the door s h o w s n o v e r
y
i nte ll ige nt a ppreci a tio n o f th e na tu re o f s piri t s b u t it a gr ee s t ol
er a b l y w e ll w ith the co nfe ss io ns o f s e v er a l o f H opk i ns s v i c ti m
,

s .

E l i z a beth C l a rk a t M a n ni n gtree i s s a id t o h a v e co nfes s ed tha t

, ,

w hen the de v i l v i s ited her a t n ight s he w a s ob l iged t o r is e a nd

l et himin w he n he k n ock ed a t the door O ne w i t c h k ept her
,

im a r a nd a h a l f w ith o a t m
.

p a y e e a l a n d the n l o s t it A no t h er
d her im m
, .

ki lle p a nd a n other h a d i p s w h i c h su c k e d o n e a n o t h e r .
 M ATT HE W H O PKINS A T W O RCESTER . 31 1

Thehorr or a t r s t e xcited b y the a trocitie s co mm

itted u n der
m
t her eg i e o f the w itch nd er ge n er a l s oo n g a v e p l a ce to a w ide
- -

l y ext en ded fee l i ng o f i ndig na tio n

-
A l a d y w ho l i v ed n e a r
m
.

H o e in S u o lk , to l d Dr H u tchi nso n (the a u thor o f the Ess a y

m
.

o n W i tchcr a ft ) th a t whe n th e w itch nd e r s ca

-
e i nto th a t n eigh
m
b or ho od , the y took a poor w o a n, a nd b y keepi ng her fa sti n g
a nd w itho u t s l eep , i nd u ced her to co nfe s s t h a t she ha d a n i p m
na m ed Na n
T hi s good g e n tl e w o a n to l d m m
e th a t her hu s
m
.

b a nd (a v ery l e a rn ed a nd i n ge nio u s ge ntl e a n) h a vi ng i ndigna

t io n a t the t hi n g he a nd s he w e nt to the ho u s e , a n d p u t the peo
m mm
,

p l e o u t o f door s , a nd g a ve the poor w o a n so e e a t a nd l et

m
,

her g o t o b ed a nd w he n she ha d s l ept a nd co e to her s e l f she

knew no t w h a t she ha d confe s s ed , a nd ha d nothi ng she c a ll ed
m m
Na n b u t a p u ll et , th a t s he s o eti e s c a ll ed b y th a t n a e
m .

To r t u re s l ik e th e s e , a n d e ve n w or s e , w ere e x erci s ed o n P a r s o n
Lew es o f Br a n de s to n , to forc e a confe s s io n fro hi m mDr
m m m
. .

H u t c hi ns on l e a rned
f ro the th a t w a tched w ith h i , th a t
t h ey kept hi ma w a ke s e v er a l n ights together , a nd r u n h i m
b a ck
w a rd a nd for w a rd a bou t the roo m
u nti l he w a s o u t o f b re a th ;

m m
,

th en the y re sted hi a l ittl e , a nd th e n r a n hi a g a i n a nd t hu s

th ey did fo r s e ver a l d a y s a nd n ights together , ti ll he w a s w e a ry
o f his l ife , a nd w a s s c a rce s e ns ib l e o f w h a t he s a id o r did

m m m m
.

The y s w a hi a t Fra l i ngh a , b u t th a t w a s no tru e ru l e to

t r y him b y fo r the y p u t in ho ne st peop l e a t the sa e ti e , a nd m m
m
th e y s w a a s w e ll a s he

m m
.

T o e s c a pe the odi u w hich p u r su ed h i throu gh the co u ntie s

in w hich he ha d m a d e hi m
s e l f s o co ns pic u o u s ; H opki ns a ppe a r s

m
t o ha v e no w re o v ed the s c e n e o f h is l a bor s i nto other p a rt s o f
t he k i n gdo m . m
W e nd hi no t l ong a fter thi s a t W orce ster .

O n the fo u rth o f M a rch , prob a b ly o f the y e a r fo u r w itche s

m
w er e co n de ned in th a t city , a nd M a tthe w H opki ns w a s o ne o f
t h e pri nc ip a l w itn e s s e s m
A fter the sa e proce s s o f w a tchi ng
m m
.

her , he e xtr a cted f ro o n e o f the a co nfe s s ion th a t S a t a n ha d

a p pe a red t o her a s a h a n d s o m m
e y o u ng a n , th a t he sa i d he c a e m
m
to a rry her , a nd th a t he a ccordi ngly took her a s h i s w i fe An
m
.

o t her sa id th a t she o nly e njo y ed her he a l th w hi l e her i p w as

m m
e pl o y ed in doi ng i s chie f m
T he s e w ere i it a tio ns o f the co n
m
.

fess io n s a de in Ess e x a nd S u ff o l k The w itche s a t W orce s ter

m m
.

s a id the y tor e n ted a n d ki ll ed peop l e b y a k in g g u re s o f w a x,

a n d s ticki ng pi ns a nd need l e s i nto the m

O n th eir tri a l , o ne o f
m
.

t he de n ie d their co n f e s s io n a nd s a id th a t w he n the y co n f e s sed

,

t hey w ere not in their s e ns e s .

O n h i r et u r n t o his na ti ve co u nty , H opk ins w a s a ssa i l e d on

31 2 S ORCERY A ND MA GIC

e v ery s ide b y the ou tcrie s o f his e ne m ie s a nd hew a s a l a r m ed ,

a t the i ndigna tio n h is cru e l tie s ha d e x cited T he e x tr a ordi n a ry .

sc a l e o n w hich he ha d c a rrie d o n h is pro s ec u tio ns g a v e ri s e to

a pop u l a r report th a t he w a s no t hi m
,

s e l f u na cqu a i nted w ith S a ta n

f ro mw ho mit w a s prete nded b y s o m

,

e th a t he ha d o bta i n ed t he
l i s t o f his su bj ects C om pl a i nt s ha d bee n pu bl ic ly m a d e a g a i ns t

hima n d his m
.

ethod o f proceedi ng w a s l a id a s ide a s t o o ri g orou s

I n fa ct a gre a t re a ctio n h a d fo ll o w ed himi n
,

a n d ty r a nn ic a l .
,

hi s cou r s e a nd the w itch nd er w a s no w in di sg ra c e H opki ns

,
-
.

f e l t thi s a nd w i nced u n der the pop u l a r a tta c k s

,
I t a ppea rs th a t .

he w a s o f a w e a k constitu tio n a nd ve xa tio n a nd re gret h a st e ned

the heredita ry co n su m
,

ptio n to w hich he w a s a pre y H e t e

t u r ned to M a nni ngtree i n 1 64 7 pri nted a p a m
.

ph l e t in h is o w n
de fe nce a nd the n died T hi s w e l e a rn f ro m his co a dj u t or
,
*
.
,

S ter n e w ho a ssu re s u s th a t he ha d no tro u b l e o f cons c ie n ce
fo r w h a t he ha d do n e a s w a s fa l s e ly reported o f him A r e
,

, .

port w a s a fter w a rd circ u l a ted a ppa re n tly w ithou t a ny fou nd a tion

in tru th a l tho u gh a dopted b y Bu tl er th a t in the m
,

id s t o f the
pop u l a r i ndigna tio n a g a i ns t the w itch nd er s om e ge ntl e m
, ,

en -

h a d s ei z ed o n h ima nd p u t hi mto the tr i a l of s w i m mi ng o n

,

w hich a s he h a ppe n ed t o s w i m he w a s a dj u dged to be hi m

,

s elf
a w iz a r d r Upo n the de a th o f H opki ns the pop u l a r odi u m s ee m
, ,

. s ,

to h a ve fa ll e n o n his co ll e a gu e S terne w ho ha d t a k en u p his

re s ide nc e a t L a w sh a ll n e a r Bu ry S t Ed m
,

ond s I n 1 648 pro

d b y the reectio ns th a t ha d bee n c a st o n hi m
.
, .
,

vo k e s e lf a n d his

TheDisco ver y o f W i t ches, i n a n sw er t o s ev er a l q u er i es l a t e l de liver ed t o

t he a d g e o f a ssiz e fh r t h e cou nt o f Nor fol k ; a nd w as p u b lis
'

y b M a t t hew
H o p i ns, w it ch nd er , fo r t heb ene t o f t hew ho l e king d o
-
P r int ed or R R o m
y
. .

s t o n a t t he A ng el, in I r o n L a ne, T his is a ver y r ar e t r a ct , a nd t he on y

m
.

co py I k no w o f w a s i n t he p o ss e s s i o n o f S ir W a l t er Scot t . fr o w hose L ett e rs

m
o n D e o no lo gy a nd W it chcr a f t ,

1 t a k et het it le .

1 Thelin e

s of H u d ib r a s ha veb e en o ft en q u o t ed
H a t h no t t his p r es ent p a r lia ent m
A l ieg er t o t he d evil sent ,
m
F u lly e pow er ed t o set a b ou t
F ind ing r ev olt ed w it ches ou t ?
A nd ha s he no t w i t hi n a yea r
H a ng ed t hr eesco r eof t he in oneshir e? m
m
So eo nly fo r no t b eing d r ow ned ,
m
A n d so e fo r sit t in a b o ve g r o u nd
g
W hol e d a ys a nd ni g ht s u p on t heir b r eeches,
A nd feeling p a in, w er eha ng ed for w it che
m
s .

A n d so efor p u t t ing k n a v ish t r ick s

U
p o n g r een g ees eo r T u r k ey chick s
O r p i g s t ha t su dd enly d ecea s ed
O f g r i efs u nna t u r a l, a s b eg u essed ,
W ho p r o ved hi self a t leng t h a w it ch, m
m
A nd a d ea r od for his ow n b r eech
m
.

Hu a n s, Pu t it , Ca nto 3 .
 THE O LD W OMAN OF DROIT WIT CH . 31 3

coll ea gu eH opki ns he pu bl i shed a de fe nc e o f t h eir condu c t nu

d er t he t it l e o f A C o nr m
, ,

a tio n a n d Di s co very o f W itchcr a ft

,

in w hi c h he bo a s ts th a t he ha d bee n p a rt a n a ge nt in co nv icti ng
a b ou t t w o h u ndred w itche s in Es s e x S u o l k North a m ptonshire
H u nti n g do ns hire B ed ford s hire Norfo l k C a m
, , ,

bridge shire a nd
H e a ss u re s u s th a t in m
, , , ,

t he I s l e o f Ely a n y p l a ce s I n e ver

i ved penny a s y et no r a n y a mli ke n otw iths t a ndi n g I h a v e

.

re ce

ha nd s fo r s a ti s fa ctio n e x cept I s ho u l d s u e b u t m
, ,

a ny r a ther fa l l

u po n m
,

e for w h a t h a th bee n recei ved b u t I hep es u ch su it s w i ll

b e d i sa nnu ll ed a n d tha t w here I ha ve bee n o u t o f m
,

, o ne ys fo r
t o w ns in ch a rge s a nd other w i s e su ch co u r s e w i ll be t a ke n th a t

I m H opki ns hi m
,

a y b e s a ti sed a nd p a id w ith re a s on se l f

i n de fe ndi ng hi m
.
,

s e l f a ga i ns t the ch a rge o f i ntere sted n e s s te ll s ,

u s t ha t hi s re gu l a r c ha rge w a s t w e nt y shi ll i ng s f o r e a ch to w n ,

i n c l u di ng t he e xpe ns e s o f l i vi n g a n d j o u rne y ing thither a n d ,

b a ck I n his book he confe ss e s th a t be s ide s the other p r a c

t i c es o f s trippi n g the victi m
.
,

s n a ked a nd thr u s ti ng pi ns i nto va

r iou s p a rt s o f their bod y in s e a rch o f m a rk s a nd s w i m mi ng the m

,

he ha d pra c ti s ed the new tortu re o f keepi ng th e ma w a ke a nd

, , ,

for c ing the mto w a l k w hich w a s a n i nv e ntion o f his o w n b u t

,

h e a ck no w l edge s tha t he ha d bee n s o fa r ob l iged to y ie l d to pu b

l ic opi nio n in the l a tter p a rt o f his co u r s e a s to l a y a s ide thi s
h is o w n f a v orite re m
.
,

ed y .

T he v io l e nt p er s ec u tion e x c ited b y H opki ns ha d no w su b s i

d ed a nd it w a s f o ll o w ed b y a c a l m d u ri ng w hich w e he a r b u t
, ,

l itt l e o f a cc u s a t io ns o f w itchcr a ft T he i ndepe n de nt s w ho ha d

a s c e n de n c y s ee mto h a v e di s co u r a ged pro s ec u tio ns
.
,

g a i n e d t h e ,

o f t hi s k ind . Y et in 1 64 9 s oo n a fter the e x ec u tion o f the ki n g

, , ,

w e percei v e a n i nc l i na tio n to re v i v e the pro s ec u t ions a g a i ns t

w itche s . I n the M a y o f th a t y e a r t he city o f W orce s ter w a s ,

a g a i n the s ce n e o f a tr a ged y o f thi s ki n d A bo y a t Droitw ich

w ho s e m other a poor w o m
.
, ,

a n h a d a c o w th a t h a d s tr a y ed wa s

A s he c a m
, , ,

s e n t in s e a rch o f it e ne a r a br a ke he thou ght he

s a w the b u l r u she s m ov e in o ne p l a ce a nd i m
.
,

a gi ni ng the co w

might be gr a z i ng a mong the mhe a ppro a che d the spot ; b u t he

,

ha d no s oo ner co m e n e a r th a n a n o l d w om a n su dde nl y j u m
,

, ped
u p a nd cried b oh T he l a d w a s s ei z ed w ith su dde n terror
b ec a m e s peech l e s s a n d h u rried ho m
,

e in a st a te o f di str a ctio n
H e re m
.
,

a i ned in the ho u s e ti ll the e ve n i n g a nd the n he w a s ,

s ei z e d w ith a s u dde n t r a n o u t a nd directed his s tep s to w a rd

, ,

A co py of t his ex cessively is i n t her ich l ib r a r y of w o r k s on d e on

r ar eb ook m
o logy of M r J a m
es Cr ossley of M a nchest er 1 o nly k now it t hr ou h t h ee x t r act s
m
. .

g iven in t hat gent le a n s r ece

nt ed it ion o f Pot ts Discove r y of W it c e

s .

27
31 4 S O RCER Y A ND M A GI C .

the hou se o f S ir R ich a rd Ba rret w here a s w a s u su a l in t he

o l de n ti m e a nu m
, ,

ber o f poor peopl e w ere co ll ected a t t he d o or

f eedi ng u po n the ch a rity o f the fa m i ly A m
,

on g the s e t he l ad
di s co vered the o ld w o m
.

a n o f the br a ke w ho it a ppe a rs w a s a
v a gr a nt fro mL a n c a shire s itti n g do w n a nd s u ppi ng u po n a m
,

,
e ss
o f hot potta ge a nd he r a n fu rio u sly a t her thre w her pott a ge in
, ,

her fa ce a nd s tru ck her T he peop l e w ho stood rou nd i nter

,
. .

f er ed a nd w he n the s t a te o f the c a s e w a s k n o w n the o ld w o

ma n w a s ta ken a nd co m mitted to the pri so n w hi c h w a s there
, , ,

A bo u t the m
,

c a ll ed the C hequ er idd l e o f the night t hebo y s

mother he a rd a noi s e a bo v e her a nd hu rried u p t o t he ga rret

.
,

w here the b o y s l e p t w here sh e fo u n d himo u t o f bed w ith the

,

, ,

l eg o f a s t eel i n his h a nd strik i n g fu rio u sly a t t he w i n do w H e

, .

the n p u t o n his c l o t he s r a n do w n i nto th e street a nd w e nt direct

I t a ppe a r s th a t in th e m e a nti m
, ,

t o the pri s o n e the j a i l er w ho

co m
.
,

p a s s io na ted t he s u er ing s o f the boy ha d thre a te n ed his

'

pri soner th a t she sho u l d h a ve nothi n g to ea t u nti l she h a d s a id

the L ord s pr a y er a nd a b l e s s i ng o n her v icti m w hich w ith

som
,

e di ffi c u l ty shew a s pre v a il ed u po n t o do T heco ns equ e n c e .

o f th is w a s th a t w he n the b o a rri v ed a t the pri s o n he ha d r e

, y ,

co vered his speech a nd w a s ena b l ed to a sk t he j a i l er w hy h e

,

h a d a ll o w ed his pri s o n er to go a t l a rge T hej a i l er i ns i s ted th a t .

s h e w a s s a f e u nder l ock a n d ke y Na y r epl ied the b o y

I
h a ve j u s t s ee n her m y s e l f a nd he proceeded t o te ll hi mho w the
.
, ,

o ld w o m a n h a d co m
,

e in a t his w i ndo w w hi l e he w a s in bed a nd

ho w he ha d j u m
,

ped u p a nd st r u ck her t w o b l o w s w i t h a st oo l l eg -

a s she w a s m a ki ng her e x it w hich m u s t h a v e l e ft their m a rk s

A w om a n w a s s e nt to e x a m
,

o n her bod y i ne the pri s oner s per

s o n a n d to her gre a t a s to ni sh m e nt she fou nd di sti n ct m

.

a rk s o f

b l o w s j u s t a s the b oy h a d de s cribed the m T he s e c ircu m

,

.
,

s ta nce s w ere depo s ed to a t the a s s i z e s a t W orce s ter b y the b o

y
h is m other the j a i l er a nd the w o m
, ,

a n w ho s e a rched a nd t he

A bo u t the s a m e ti m
, , ,

w itch o f co u r s e s tood d u ly co nvicted e a

ma n a t T e w ke sbu ry ha d a so w w ith a nu merou s l itter o f p i gs
.

a nd w a s s u rpri s e d a t the short a ll o w a nce o f m

,

i l k she g a v e t o
the m S u specti ng there m ight be s o m ethi ng w ro ng he w a tch ed
a t n ight a nd s a w a b l a ck thi n g l ike a po l ec a t co m
.
,

e a nd su c k
the o ld so w greedi ly H e i m medi a te ly s tru ck a t the depred a
,

tor w ith a f ork he he l d in his h a nd a nd stu ck t he prong s i nto

i t s thigh b u t it m
,

a de i t s e s c a pe thro u gh the door a nd he l o s t ,

s ight o f it H e fo ll o w ed ho w e v er in the direction w hich h e

a nd m eeti ng w ith a m
.
, ,

su ppo s ed it ha d t a ke n a n he k ne w a sk ed
h i mif heha d not s ee n su ch a n a n i m
, ,

a l a s hed e scr ib ed T he .
 T HE DIST URB A NCES A T W OODST O CK . 31 5

mn d ec l red he h d ee
a a othi ng b u t a w e nch w ho p a s s ed
a s n n

h im pp re tly i gre t h
,

a a n n a a s te T hi s w e n ch w a s t a ke n a nd ex
mi ed d the w o d c
.

a n an , un s a u s ed b y the pro n g s o f t he fork w er e

f o u n d o n her thigh S he w a s t a ke n to G l o u ce s ter a n d a t the

I n the m
.
,

n e x t a s s i z e s tried a n d co n victed o nth o f J u ly fo ll o w

i ng a m a n a nd w o m A l b a ns ; the m
.

,
a n w ere e x ec u ted a t S t an .

c on f e s s ed he h a d bee n a w itch s i x ty y e a r s a nd t h a t he ha d e n
g ,

er a ll y e x erci s ed his p r o fe s s io n a s a w hite o r b ene cent w itch

H e w a s prob a bly o n e o f tho s e m i s er a b l e i m
.

po s t or s w ho ga i ne d
t he ir l i v i ng b y co nj u ri n g t o c u re di s e a s e s a n d he l p peop l e to
H i s a cco m p l ice w a s a k insw o ma n
,

w h a t w a s l o s t or s to l e n
w ho l i ved w ith h im a n d h a d a fa m
.
,

i l i a r in the s h a pe o f a c a t
S he a ck no w l edged th a t thi s fa m i l i a r ha d prom
, .

i s e d to bri ng her
a ny thi n g s h e w a n te d exce p t m o ne , y T he y s a i d there w ere .

pl e nty o f other w itche s a bo u t the neighborhood a n d a cc u s e d

v er a l per s o ns b y n a m
,

se e
T hi s y e a r ho w e v er w itn e s s ed a m u ch m ore re m
.

a rk a b l e a f

fa ir th a n a ny o f the s e a nd o n e w hich m
, ,

a de a co n s ider a b l e s e n
I t ha s g a i n e d in m oder n ti m e s a n a dditio na l i m
,

s a tio n port a n ce
f ro m the c irc u m
.

s t a n c e t h a t the gre a t hi s toric a l n o ve l i s t S ir

W a l ter S cott ha s m
,

a de it the fo u nd a t io n o f o ne o f his r o

ma nee s I sh a ll gi ve it ne a r ly in t he w ords o f the report w rit

,

t en a t or n e a r the ti m
.

e .

A fter C h a r l e s s de a th the ro y a l property w a s co n s c a ted t o

t h e s t a te a nd co m mi s s io n er s w er e a p poi nte d b y p a rl i a me nt to
,

Am
,

s u r v e y a nd s e ll the cro w n l a n d s o ng t h e roy a l e sta te s w a s

t he m o f w hich the p a r l i a m e nta ry co m mi s
.

a nor o f W ood s tock

r s w ere s e n t to t a ke po s s e s s io n i n the m
,

s io n e o nth o f O ctober
T he m
,

1 64 9 . ore fa na tic a l p a rt o f the oppo ne nt s o f roy a l ty ha d

a l w a y s t a u ght th a t t hro u gh w itche s a nd other w i s e the de v i l w a s
, ,

a cti v e ly e ng a ged in th e s er v ice o f the ir O ppo n e nt s b a t tli n g

a g a i ns t the m ; a nd th ey no w fo u nd him re s o l ved u po n m
,

ore
o pe n ho s ti l iti e s th a n e ver O n the thi r d o f O ctober the c o m
mi s sio n er s w ith their s erva nts w e nt to the ma nor h a ll a nd took
.
,

u p their l odgi ng s in the k i ng s o w n roo m d ch a m

, , ,

s the b e

b er a nd -

w ithdr a w i n g roo m : t h e f or m
,
-
er the y u s ed a s th eir kit che n the
their bre w ho u s e t he ch a m
,

c o u nc i l h a ll w a s
-
b er o f pre s e n c e
,

s er v ed a s their p l a c e o f s itti n g t o de s p a tch b u s i ne s s a nd t he

di n i ng roo mw a s u s ed a s a w oodho u s e w h ere th ey l a i d t he

,

-
,

w ood o f th at a n cie nt s ta nd a rd in t he h igh p a rk k no w n o f a l l

b y t he n a m e o f the ki ng s o a k w hich (tha t nothi n g m
,

ight r e
ma i n tha t ha d the na me o f ki ng a ixed t o it ) the y digge d u p b y
,

t he r oots .
316 SO RCERY A ND M AGIC .

On the 1 4 th a nd 1 5 th o f O ctob er the y ha d l itt l ed ist u r b a nc e

b u t o n the 1 6 t h there c a m e a s the y tho u ght s om ethi n g int o the
b ed c ha m ber w here t w o o f the co m mi s s ioners a nd their s erva nt
, ,
-
,

l a y in the sh a pe o f a dog w hich goi n g u nder the ir b ed did as

it w ere gna w their bed cord s ; b u t o n the m orro w ndi n g the m
, , , ,

-
,

w ho l e a nd a q u a rter o f bee f w hich l a y o n t he grou n d u nto u ched

S om
,

,

the y bega n t o e nt erta i n other tho u ghts O ctober l 7 e
thi ng to their thi nki ng re m
. .

o v ed a ll the w ood o f the ki n g s o a k

o u t o f the di n i ng roo mt o the pre s e n ce ch a m

, ,

-
ber a nd hu r l ed the -

cha ir s a nd s too l s u p a nd do w n th a t roo m f ro mw he n ce it c a m

,

e
i nto the t w o ch a m ber s w here the t w o co m mi ss ioners a nd their
s er va n t s l a y a nd hoi s ted u p their b e
,
d f eet so m u ch h igher th a n

their he a d s t ha t the y tho u ght the y sho u l d h a ve bee n tu r ned o ver

a nd o v er a n d th en l et t hemfa ll do w n w ith su ch forc e th a t their
,

b odie s rebo u nd ed fro mthe bed a good di s t a n ce ; a nd the n sh oo k

, ,

the b ed ste a d s s o v io l ently th a t the y dec l a red their bodie s w ere

O n the 1 8 t h s o m ethi n g c a m e i nto the c ha m
,

s ore w i t h it ber
a n d do w n a nd f etc hi ng the w a r m
.
,

a nd w a l ked u i ng a n o u t of
p p
-

the w ithdr a w i ng roo mm a de s o m

,

-
u ch n oi s e th a t the y t ho u ght

r e be ll s co u l d no t h a ve m a de m
,
-
ore Ne xt d a y tre ncher s w ere
thro w n u p a nd d o w n the di n i ng roo ma nd a t tho s e w ho s l ept
.

there ; o ne o f the mbei ng w a ke ned pu t forth his he a d t o s ee

,

w h a t w a s the m a tt er a nd ha d tre n cher s thro w n a t him

,

O n the
2 ot h the c u rt a i n s o f the bed i n the w i t hdr a w i ng roo mw ere
. .
,

dr a w n t o a nd fr o ; the bed s te a d w a s m
,

u ch s h a ke n a n d eight ,

gre a t pe w ter di she s a n d thr ee do z e n o f tre ncher s thro w n a bou t

the bedch a m ber a g a i n T hi s night the y a l s o tho u ght a w hol e
a rm
.

fu l o f the w ood o f the ki ng s o a k w a s thro w n do w n in their

ch a m ber b u t o f th a t in the m or ni ng the y fou nd n othi ng ha d b een

mo ved O n the 2 l st the keeper o f their ordina ry a nd his bitch
,

l a y in o n e o f the roo m s w ith t he m a nd o n th a t ni ght the y w ere

.
,

n o t di s tu rbed a t a ll B u t o n the 22 d t ho u gh the bi t ch sl ept

t here a g a i n t o w hich circ u m
.
,

s t a n ce the y ha d a s cribed the i r fo r

mer nig ht s re s t both the y a nd it w ere in a piti fu l ta king t he
,

, ,

l a tter ope n i ng b u t o nc e a nd the n w ith a w hi ni ng fe a r fu l y e l p
O ctober 2 3 T he y h a d a l l t heir c l othe s p l u cked o ff the min t he
.
,

w ithdr a w i ng roo m a n d the brick s f e ll o u t o f the chi m

.

-
n e y i n to
t he roo m O n the 2 4 t h the y thou ght i n t he di n i n g roo mth a t a ll
,

-
.
,

the w ood o f the ki ng s o a k ha d bee n bro u ght thither a nd thro w n

,

do w n c l o s e b y the ir bed s ide w hich bei n g he a rd b y tho s e o f t he

-

w ith d r a w i ng roo m o ne o f the mro s e to s ee w h a t w a s don e

,

f e a ri ng i ndeed his f e ll o w co m mi s s io ners ha d bee n ki ll ed b u t

, ,

fo u nd no s u ch m
,

a t t er W here u pon retu rn i ng t o his bed a g a i n

.
,
 THE DIS T URB A NC ES A T W O ODSTO C K . 31 7

he fo u nd three do z e n o f tre ncher s thro w n i nto it a nd

t wo or

ha n ds o m
,

e ly co v ered w ith the bed c l othe s -

T he co m mi ssio ner s pers i sted in reta i ni ng poss e ss io n a nd

.

w er e su b j ected to new per s ec u tio ns O n the 2 5 t h o f O ctobe r

t he c u rta i ns o f the bed i n the w ithdr a w i ng roo mw ere dr a w n t o
.

a nd fr o a nd the bed ste a d sh a ke n a s be fore ; a nd i n the b e d

cha m b er g l a ss ew a bou t so t hick (a n d y et no t o n eo f the ch a m
, ,

b er w i n do w s broke n ) th a t the y tho u ght it ha d r a i n ed m

,

-
,
o ne y ;
w h er eu pon the y l ighted c a n dl e s b u t to th eir grie f the y fou nd
O n the 2 9 t h s o m
,

no thi n g b u t gl a s s ethi ng goi ng t o t hew i ndo w
o p e n ed a nd shu t it the n goi ng i nto the bed ch a m
.

ber it thre w -

a t s to n e s fo r h a l f a n ho u r s ti m s om
, ,

g re e e w hereo f

f e l l o n t he

h i g h b ed others o n the tr u ck l e b ed to the nu m

,

-
,
ber in a ll o f a bo v e
-
,

f o u r s core T hi s night there w a s a l s o a very gre a t n oi s e a s if

.
. ,

fo r t y piece s o f ord na n ce ha d bee n shot o ff together I t a sto n

i ehed a l l t he n e ighborhoo d a n d it w a s tho u ght it m
.

,
u s t h a v e bee n

hea rd a gre a t w a y o ff Du rin g the s e n oi s e s w hich w ere he a rd

in b oth roo m s together the co m mi ss io n ers a nd their s erv a nts
.
,

w ere stru ck w ith s o gre a t horror th a t the y cried o u t o n e to a n

o t h er fo r he l p ; w here u pon o ne o f the mreco veri ng hi m
,

s el f ou t

of a s tr a n ge a go ny he ha d been in sna tched a s w ord a nd ha d
l ik e t o ha v e ki ll ed o ne o f his brethre n co m
, ,

i ng ou t o f his bed in
hi s shi rt w ho mhe took fo r the spirit th a t did the m
, i s chie f .

H o w e ver a t l e ngth the y got a ll together y et the n oi s e co nti n

d s o gre a t a nd terrib l e a nd shook the w a ll s s o m
, ,

u e u ch th a t
t h e y thou ght the w hol e m
, ,

a nor w o u l d h a v e f a ll e n o n their he a d s .

A t the dep a rtu re o f the su perna t u r a l di stu rber o f their repo s e ,

it took a ll the gl a s s o f the w i n do w s a w a y w ith it O n the
r s t o f No v e m ber s o m ethi ng a s the com miss ioners thou ght
.

w a l k ed u p a nd do w n t h e w ithdr a w i n g roo m a n d the n m

, , ,

a de a -

n o i s e in the di n i ng roo m T he s to n e s w hich w ere l e ft be fore

,

a nd l a id u p i n the w i thdr a w i ng roo mw ere a l l fetched a w a y thi s

.
,

a nd a gre a t de a l o f g l a s s no t l ike the f or m

,

n i ght , ( er ) thro w n
a b o u t a ga i n
O n the s eco nd o f No v e m ber there c a m e so m
.

ethi ng i nto the

w ithdra w i ng roomt re a di ng a s the y con cei v ed m
,

-
, u ch l ike a be a r
, , ,

w hich b ega n b y w a l ki ng a bou t for a qu a rter o f a n ho u r a nd the n

a t l e n t h it m a de a n oi s e a bo u t the t a b l e a n d thre w the w a r m
,

g i ng

a n so vi o l e nt ly th a t it w a s q u ite spoi l ed I t t hre w a l s o a gl a ss

p
a nd gre a t s to ne s a t the co m mi ss io ner s a g a i n a nd the bone s o f
.

ho rs e s a nd a ll so v io l e n t ly th a t the b ed s te a d a nd the w a ll s w ere

b r u i s ed b y the m T h a t n ight the y pl a nted c a nd l e s a ll a b ou t t he
,

r oo m s , a nd m nt l etree s o f t he chi m
.

a d e re s u p t o the re ne y -
,

27
31 8 S OR CERY A ND M A GIC .

b u t a ll w ere p u t o u t , n ob od y k ne w ho w , the r ea nd bu r nt w oo d b e
m
i ng thro w n u p a nd do w n the roo ; the c u r t a i ns w ere to r n w i th the
r od s fro m
their bed s , a n d the bed po st s pu ll ed a w a y , th a t the t es
-

m
ter fe ll do w n u po n the , a nd t h e f e et o f the bed ste a d w ere c l o v e n
i nto t w o T he s er va nt s i n the tr u ck l e bed , w ho l a y a l l the ti e -
m
m
.

s w e a ti ng fo r f e a r , w ere tre a ted e v e n w or s e , f o r there c a e u po n

m m
the fi r s t a l ittl e w hich a de the begi n to s tir , b u t be fore the y m
cou l d get o u t , it w a s foll o w ed b y a w ho l e tu b fu l a s it w ere , o f
m
,

sti nki n g ditch w a ter , s o gree n, th a t it a de their shirts a nd s heets

o f th a t co l or t o o m
T he s a e n ight the w i ndo w s w ere a l l brok e
m
.

b y thro w i ng o f sto ne s , a nd there w a s o s t terri b l e n oi s e s in

three s e ver a l p l a ce s together n e a a r the m N y
the v ery r a b b it
.
,

s te a l er s w ho w ere a bro a d th a t n ight w ere s o a ff r i ght e d w it h the

di sm a l th u nd eri ng t h a t fo r h a s te the y l e ft their f erre t s in the
ho l e s behi nd the mbe y ond R o s a m
,

o nd s w e ll Not w ith s ta n di ng

a ll thi s o n eo f the m ha d the bo l d ne ss t o a sk in the n a m

, .

, e of G od , ,

w h a t it w a s w h a t it w o u l d h a v e a n d w h a t the y ha d do ne th a t
t he y sho u l d be s o di s t u rbed a fter thi s m
, ,

a nn er T o w hich n o .

'

a ns w er w a s g i it e n b u t t he n oi s e c e a s ed fo r a w hi l e A t l e ngth
it c a m e a g a i n a nd a s a ll o f the ms a id brou ght s e ve n de v i l s w ors e
, .

th a n its e l f W here u po n o neo f the ml ighted a c a nd l e a ga i n a nd

, , ,

t it bet w ee n the t w o ch a m
.
,

se ber s in the door w a y o n w hich a n

other x i ng h is e y e s s a w the s i m
,

i l itu de o f a hoo f s trik i ng the

c a n dl e a nd c a ndl e s tick i nto the m idd l e o f the bed ch a m
,

ber a nd -

a fter w a rd m
,

a k in g three s cr a pe s o n the snu to

'

p u t it ou t U p o n
thi s the s a m
.

,
e per s o n w a s s o bo l d a s to dr a w h is s w ord b u t he ,

h a d s c a rc e got it o u t b u t there w a s a nother i nv i s ib l e h a n d h a d hel d

o f it t o o a nd t u gged w ith himfo r it ; a nd pre va i l i ng s tr u ck him
,

, ,

s o v io l e ntly th a t he w a s s tu n ned w ith t h e b l o w T he n be ga n

v io l e nt n oi s e s a g a i n i ns o m
.
,

u c h th a t the y c a ll i ng t o o n e a n other

got together a nd w e n t i nto the pre se nce ch a m

, , ,

b er w here they -

s a i d pr a y er s a nd s a ng p s a l m
, ,

s ; n ot w i t h st a ndi ng a l l w hich t he

th u n deri ng n oi s e s s ti ll co nti nu ed in other roo m

, ,

s A fter t hi s on
the third o f No ve m ber the y re m
.
,

o v ed their l odgi n g o ver the ga te ;

l m w here ho w they
,

a nd n e x t d a y bei ng S u nd a y w e nt to E w e
, , , ,

e s c a ped the a u thor s o f the re l a t io n k n e w no t b u t retu r ning o n

M o nd a y the de v i l (fo r th a t w a s the n a m
,

e the y ga ve their n ightly

g u e s t ) l e ft the mno t u nvi s ited n or o n the T u e sd a y fo ll o w i ng
,

, ,

w hich w a s the l a s t d a y the y s ta y ed T he cou r a ge e v e n o f t he
de v o u t co m mi ss ioners o f t he p a rl i a me nt w a s n ot proof a ga i nst
.

a per s ec u tio n l ik ethi s a nd the m a nor o f W ood st ock w a s re l ie v e d

f ro mthe ir pre s e nce

,

I t i s s a id th a t o n e o f the o l d ret a i n er s o f
.

t hehou s e y e ar s a fter w a rd co nf e s s ed th a t he ha d e ntered t hese

, ,
r
 A WIT CH FINDER -
A T NE WC A STLE . 31 9

vi ce o f t heco mmi ss ioners in order by p l a y i ng the s e trick s u po n

t h em w hic h he w a s e na b l ed to do b y h is i nti m
,

a te a cq u a i nt a nc e

w it h t he s ecret p a ss a ge s o f the l odge to re s c u e it fro mtheir

,

m
,

g l
fl hpk i n s a nd S tern e w ere no t w itho u t th eir i it a tor s in other m
a rt s o f t he co u n tr y A bo u t the e n d o f the y e a r o f w hich w e
p
m
.

ha ve j u s t bee n s pe a ki ng , the a gi s tra te s o f Ne w c a s tl e u po n -

m
Ty ne w er e a l a r ed a t the reports o f w itche s in th a t t o w n , a nd
the y s e nt i nto S cotl a nd fo r a pra cti s er in the a r t o f di s co v eri ng
m
th e T he y a greed to p a y hi s t r a v e ll i n g e x pe ns e s , a nd gi v e
m
.

hi t w e nt y s hi ll in gs fo r e very w itch w ho sho u l d be co nvicted

an e m
x ce ll e nt ethod o f i ncre a s i ng the i r nu ber No s oo ner w a s m
m m
.

t he S cot ch a n a rri ved in Ne w c a st l e , th a n the be ll a n w a s s e n t

rou n d the t p w n to i nv ite a ll per so ns t o bri ng their co p l a i nts m
a ga i n s t w o m e n su spected , a nd a bo u t t hirty w ere b ro u ght t o the
t o w n h a l l , a nd su bj ec t ed , in t he s ight o f a l l the peop l e coll ecte d
-

m
th er e, t o his e x a i n a tio n W e a r e tol d t h a t his pr a ctice w a s t o
.

l a y t he bod y o f the per s o n su spected n a ked t o the w a i s t , a nd the n

r u n a p i n i n to her thigh , a fter w hich he su dde nly l et her co a t s
-

fa ll , a nd a s ked her i f she ha d n othi ng o f h is in her bod y w hic h

m
did n o t b l eed ; the w o a n w a s hi ndered fro rep ly i n g b y sh a e m m
a nd f e a r , a nd he i mm
ed ia tely took o u t the p in a nd s et her a s ide
a s a co nv icted w itch By thi s a trocio u s proce s s , he a s cert a i ned
.

th a t t w e nty s e v e n per s o ns w ere pr a cti s er s o f s orcery , a nd a t the

-

ens u i ng a s s i z e s fo u rtee n w o e n a nd a m
a n w ere fo u nd g u i l ty m
a nd e x ec u ted . m
T he n a e s o f t he su ff erer s a r e recorded in t he
r e i s ter o f the p a ri s h o f S t A dre
g n w s

J u s t a t the ti m e w he n the co m mo n w e a l t h w a s mergin g i nto

. .

t he protec t or a te in the y e a r s 1 6 5 2 53 w e nd c a s e s o f w itch

c ra ft b eco m i ng su dde nly m ore nu m

, , ,

ero u s or w hich is pe rh a p s
r the tru t h there w ere fo r s o m e c a u s e o r other m
, ,

n e a re ore pri nt
ed report s o f t he m I n the for m
,

. er y e a r a w itch w a s ha nged a t
W o rce s ter O n the 1 1 t h o f A pri l 1 65 2 o ne Jo a n Peters o n
.
, , ,

k n o w n a s the w itch o f W a ppi ng w a s h a ng ed a t Tyb u r n S he, .

l i v ed in S pr u ce i sl a nd n e a r S ha d w e ll a nd w a s s a id to ha v e do n e
o n the w ho l e m ore good th a n h a r m fo r s he pr a cti s ed c h ie y a s
, ,

a w hite w itch S tr a nge thi ng s ho w e v er w ere to l d o f h er A

ma n depo s ed th a t he w a s s itti ng w ith her in her ho u s e a nd s a w
,
. .
,

h er f a m i l i a r i n the sh a pe o f a b l a ck dog co m e in a nd s u ck her

A nd t w o w o m
.
, ,

e n s a id tha t a s the y w ere w a tchi ng w ith a chi l d

o f o n eo f their n eighbor s th a t w a s s tr a n ge ly di s te m
,

pered a bou t
midnight they e spied (to their thi nk ing ) a gre a t bl a ck ca t come t o
,

t he c r a d l e s s id e a nd s to ped the cr a d l i ng w here u po n o ne o f t he

p ,
320 S ORCERY A ND MA GI C .

w om en took u p the ork to strik e a t it a nd it i m

ef
r -
media tely
A bo u t a n ho u r a fter the c a t c a m
,

v a n i shed e a ga i n t o t he cra d l e
s ide ; w here u po n the o t her w o m
.

a n k icked a t it b u t it p re s e ntly ,

v a ni shed a nd th a t l eg th a t she k icked w i t h beg a n t o s w e ll a nd

,

be v ery s ore w here u po n the y w ere both a fr a id a nd c a ll i n g u po n

the m
, ,

a s ter o f the ho u s e took their l e a ve A s the y w ere goi ng

to t heir o w n ho m e s the y m
.
,

et a b a ker w ho w a s l ike w i s e a n eigh

b or s s er va nt w ho to l d the mth a t he sa w a gre a t b l a ck c a t th a t
, ,

ha d s o frighte n ed hi mth a t his h a ir s tood a n en d w h ere u pon the

,

w om e n to l d himw h a t the y ha d s ee n w ho s a id he thou ght in his ,

co ns cie nce th a t P eter so n ha d b ew itched the a fore s a id c h i ld for

m
,

q o t h t h e b a ker ) I et the w itch a l ittl e be fore goi ng do w n the

( u

T heb a ker g a v e h is te sti m

,

i s l a nd .

o ny in cou r t a nd w h e n a sked ,

b y the j u dge t he v ery perti n e nt qu e s tio n w hether he ha d not

a t o t her ti m
,

e s a s w e ll a s th a t bee n a fr a id o f a ca t he a n s w ered ,

n o a n d th a t he n e v er sa w su ch a ea t be fore a nd hope d in G od
, ,

he shou l d n e v er s ee the l ik e a g a i n .

O n th e 3ot h o f J u ly 1 652 no l e s s tha n s ix w itche s w ere con

d em I n a ddition t o the u su a l c ircu m
, ,

n ed a t M a id s to n e in K e nt , .

s t a n ce s in s u ch c a s e s the y co nfe ss ed th a t the de v i l ha d g i ven

the ma piec e o f e sh
,

w hich w he ns oe v er the y s ho u l d tou ch

, ,

the y shou l d thereby eff ect their de s ire s ; th a t thi s e sh l a y hid

am ong gr a s s in a certa i n p l a ce w hich she n a m
,
ed w here u pon ,

s e a rch it w a s fo u n d a ccordi ngly T he e s h w a s brou ght i nto
cou rt a s a n e vide nce a ga i n s t the m a nd the a u thor o f the pri nte d
.

report i nfor m
,

s u s th a t it w a s o f a s i ne w y su b s t a n c e a nd ,

s corched a nd w a s s ee n a nd fe l t b y thi s ob s er va tor a n d re s erve d

, ,

fo r p u b l ic v ie w a t the s ign o f the S w a n in M a id s to n e O ther
w itche s w ere bro u ght t o tri a l a nd s o m
.
,

e fou nd gu i l ty b u t fo u r only
Som e there w ere th a t w i s hed r a ther the y m
, ,

w ere h a ng ed i ght
b eb u r n t to a s he s a ll egi ng th a t it w a s a recei v ed opi n io n a m
.

o ng
ma ny th a t t he body o f a w itch bei ng b u rnt her bl ood is preve nt
,

ed ther eb y fro mb eco m i ng here dit a r y to her proge ny i n t he sa m

,

e
e vi l w hi l e b y h a ngi ng it is no t ; b u t w hether t hi s opi nion b e s r
a mno t to di sp u te
,

r o ne ou s or no t I s a y s th e n a rr a tor
, , ,
.

T he fo ll o w i ng y e a r ( 1 65 3) w it ne s s ed the e x ec u tion a t S a l i s
b u ry o f a w o m a n w ho ha d bee n in her y ou nger d a y s t he s er va nt

o f the f a m o u s Dr L a m b H er n a m e w a s A n ne B ode nh a m a nd
,

s h e a ppe a r s to h a v e bee n i n iti a ted i nt o L a m

. .
,

b s pr a ctice s a nd t o

ha v e s ettl ed a t S a l isb u ry in t h e ch a r a cter o f a w i s e w o m

,

an .

S he he l ped peop l e t o rec o v er thi ngs s to l e n c u red di s e a s e s a nd

s ee m
, ,

s to h a v e c a rried o n the pr a ctice o f poi s o ni n g M a ny o f

t ho s e ch a rged w ith the cri m
.

e o f w itchcr a ft a ppe ar t o h a v eb een

 '

S I R RO BERT FILM OR . 32 1

secr et po ssess or s of the of

poi s oni ng
ar t T he depo s itio ns
a g a i n s t A nn e B ode nh a m w ere o f a re m
.

a rk a b l e ch a r a cter It
m
.

ap p e a r s th a t a l itt l e gir l h a d bee n be w itche d a n d the w i s e w o a n

Bod enha mw a s a cc u s ed o f bei n g in s o m

,

e w a y o r other co ncerne d
in it A s er va nt girl w a s s e nt to co n s u l t her a n d s he depo s ed
-

t h a t A nn e B ode nh a mh a vi ng t a ke n her i nto a roo mi n her ho u s e

.
,

ma de a c irc l e on the oor a nd c a re fu lly s w ept t he spa c e w ithi n

, ,

it S h e the n l ooked in a gl a s s a nd in a book u tteri ng cert a i n

myst eriou s w ord s a nd pl a ced a n e a rthe n p a n fu ll o f coa l s in t he
.
, ,

midd l e of the circ l e F i ve spiri t s the n a ppe a red in the sh a p e

,

o f r a gged bo y s a n d a t t h e s a m
.

e there a ro s e a high w i nd w hic h

S he g a ve the spirit s cr u m
,

sh oo k the ho u s e b s o f bre a d w hic h

th ey picked fro mthe oor a nd a t e a nd the n a fter the y ha d a ll
.
,

, ,

lea p ed o ver the p a n o f co a l s th ey d a n ced w ith the w itc h a nd the

ma i d s er va nt T he l a tter ha d w it ne s s ed thi s s ce ne more t h a n
,

o n c e a nd o n o ne occ a s io n sh e w a s c a rried to a m
.

, e a do w a t W il
t o n t o g a ther v er va i n a n d di ll S he dec l a red th a t she ha d s ee n
A nn e B ode nh a mtr a ns for mh er s e l f i nto a gre a t b l a ck c a t
.

T he i m pro ve m
.

e n t in i nte ll ige nce a nd l iber a l ity u nder the pro

t ect o r a t e is sho w n b y t he p u b l ic a tio n o f t w o tre a ti s e s w hic h ,

co nt a i n e d the bol de s t pro t e s t s a g a i ns t the i n iq u ity o f the w itc h

p e r s ec u tio n th a t h a d a ppe a red s i n ce the d a y s o f R egi n a l d S cott

The tri a l s a t M a id sto n e in 1 6 5 3 ha d s o m

.

u c h s ho c ked the goo d

sen s e o f s o m e o f the ge ntl e m e n o f K e nt th a t it prod u ced fro m

o n e o f t he m S ir R o b ert F il m
,

er a tr a ct e ntitl ed A n A d verti s e
me nt t o the J u ry me n o f Engl a nd tou ch ing W itch es in w hic h
, , ,

, ,

h e p oi nt ed o u t the ridic u l o u s a b s u r dity o f the pr o o fs b y w hic h

.

t h i s c l a s s o f o en d er s w ere u s u a lly co nv ict ed T he l a te ex

ecu t io n o f w itche s a t the s u m mer a s s i z e s in K e nt he s a y s
.

, ,

o c c a s io ned thi s brie f e xercit a t io n w hi c h a d dre s s e s it s e l f to

,

su ch a s h a v e n o t de l iber a te ly tho u ght u po n the gre a t d i ffi c u l t y

i n di s cov eri ng w ha t o r w ho a w itc h is T o h a v e noth i n g b u t
.

t he pu bl ic fa it h o f the pre s e nt a e is n o n e o f the be st e v ide nce

g
u nl e s s the u ni ver s a l ity o f e l der t i m
, ,

e s d o co nc u r w ith the s e d o c
t r i n e s w hich ign or a n ce in the ti m
, e s o f d a rk n e s s bro u g ht forth ,

a nd cred u l ity i n the s e d a s o f l ight h a th co nti nu ed L a n gu a ge
y
l i ke thi s m
.

u s t h a v e s o u nded s t r a nge w ithi n s ix or s e v e n y e a r s

a ft er the fu r y o f per s ec u tio n w hich h a d bee n e x c ited b y M a t t

t he w H opki ns ; y et in thi s s pirit F il m o r proc ee d s c a l m ly to co n

s i der a n d re fu te e a ch o f the re a s o ns o n w hich the w itch n d er s -

depe nded e ndi ng w ith the cro w ni ng proo f su ppo s ed to be de

r i ved f ro m the de v i l hi m s e l f dec l a ri ng a g a i ns t his v icti m
,

s ,

w hich ho w it ca n b e w e ll do ne e xcept the de vi l b e b o u nd

, ,
322 S ORCERY A ND MAGI C .

over t o gi v e in e v ide nce a g a i nst t he w itch ca n not b e u nder ,

s tood

T hi s boo ls w hich m a rked t h e co m me nce ment of t he p r ot ect o

.

-t

r a t e w a s p u b l i shed a no ny m
,

o u s ly b u t t w o y e a r s a fter i n 1 6 5 5
a m i ni s t er o f the n a m e o f T ho m m
, , ,

as Ad t f orth in the e or
y p u s a

e ve n i n a m
,

ore e nl ighte ned s pirit a book e ntitl ed A C a ndl e

, , ,

i n the Da rk o r a tre a ti s e co ncer ni ng the na t u re o f w itche s a nd

,

w itchcr a ft bei n g a d vice to j u dge s sheri ffs j u s tice s o f t he

pe a ce a nd gr a nd j u ry m
, ,

,
e n w h a t to do be fore the y p a s s sen
,

te nc e o n s u ch a s a r e a rr a i gn ed fo r the ir l i v e s a s w itch es .

A d y ha s e nl i ve ned h is book w ith a va riety o f a n ecdote s a nd

s cr a p s o f i n for m a ti o n re l a t i ng to the pop u l a r s u per s titio n s o f t he

d a y a n d in spe a ki ng o f ch a r m s w hich he reg a rd s a s m ere rel

i c s o f poper y he gi v es the fo ll o w i ng a s t h e m o s t a ppro v ed r em
, ,

edy a g a ins t the be w itchi ng o f m

,

i l k w he n it w i ll no t w ork prop
erly i n the ch u rn The m a id w hi l e ch u rn i ng w a s t o repe a t t he
.
, ,

w ord s

C m e b t te o om e; o m
, u e b t t e co m
r ,
c e c , u r,
Pet er st a nd s a t t heg a t e,
W a it ing fo r a b u t t er ed c a k e
m
C o e, b u t t er , co e m .

Thi s , A dy sa to l d b y a n ol d w itch w ho dec l a re d th a t her

ys w as
gr a nd m
,

ot her ha d l e a r ned it in the good d a y s o f Q u ee n M a ry .

T he r eign o f the prot ector O l i v er w a s cert a i nly n o t f a v ora bl e

to the per s ec u tio n o f w itch es Y et t w o pers o ns a m other a nd
d a u ghter w ere ha ng ed a t B u ry S t Ed m
.
,

o nd s, a bou t t h e y e a r
1 6 5 5 a nd in the No v e m ber o f 1 6 5 7 a r a ther re m
, .

a rka b l e c a s e

oc c u r r ed a t S hepto n M a ll et i n S o m A w om a n na m
,

er s et shire ed
J a ne B r ook s w a s a cc u s ed o f be w itchi ng a b oy na m
.

ed J o ne s by
gi vi n g hi ma n a ppl e w hich he ro a sted a nd a t e H e w a s i m me
,

.
,

d ia t el y s ei z ed w i t h s tr a ng e t s a n d w hi l e u nder their i n u e nce ,

h e cri ed o u t a g a i ns t J a n e B rook s a nd her s i s ter a s the c a u s e o f

h is su ff eri n g I t w a s d ep o s ed a t the tri a l th a t o n e S u nd a y
a fter noo n i n co m p a ny w ith his fa t her a nd a cou s i n n a m
.
,

, ed G ib
s o n h e w a s s u dde nly v i s it e d w ith a t a nd he s a id th a t he s a w
J a ne Brook s a ga i nst t he w a l l o f t he roo m poi nti ng to t he spot
, ,

w h er e he pre t e nded she s tood G ib s o n too k u p a k ni fe a nd .

s tr u ck a t t he p a rt o f t he w a ll t o w hich the bo y poi nt e d a nd t he

l a t t er i mmedi a tely e xc l a i me d O h fa ther ! C ou s i n G ib s on ha th
,

T h ey i m medi a tely
, ,

c u t J a n e B r o o k s h a nd a n d it i s b l ood y !

took a co nst a b l e a n d w e nt w it h h imto the w o m

,

a n s ho u se

, ,

w her e the y f o u nd her s i t ti ng o n a s tool w ith h er ha nd s b efore ,

her o ne p l a ced o n the other
, T he co nsta b l e i nqu i r ed ho w she
.
 A R EPUBLI C A N W IT CH . 323

did , a nd she rep l ied , no t w el l H e the n a sked her w hy she

.

s a t in th a t po s itio n , w i t h her h a nd s be fore her , to w hich she r e

p l i ed t h a t it w a s her w o nt to do s o W he n he .a s k e
d f u rther if
n othi n
g a i l ed her h a nd , sh e s a id , N o , it w a s w e ll e no u gh

m
.

S ti ll no t s a ti s e d , he forced o n e h a nd fro u nder the other , a nd

fou nd it b l eedi ng j u s t a s the bo y ha d de s cribed O n bei ng a s ked .

ho w thi s h a ppe n e d , she s a id she ha d s cr a tched her h a nd w ith a

g r e a t p i n

. T hi s w a s s u ffi ci en t m
a tter fo r c a rry i n g the w o a n m
t o p ri s o n I t w a s prete nd e d th a t t he b o y w a s o f t e n l i fted a bo u t
m m
.

in a n e xtr a ordi na r y a nner ; a n d o ne w o a n dec l a red th a t o n

t he 2 5 t h o f F ebr u a ry , 1 6 5 8 , bei ng s ei z ed w it h o ne o f his t s .

w hi l e in her ho u s e , he w e nt o u t o f t he ho u s e i nt o the g a rd en,

a nd she fo ll o w ed hi mT here s he s a w hi m
gr a d u a lly l i ft ed t i p
m
.

int o the a ir , a nd p a s s a w a y o v er a w a ll , a nd s he s a w n o ore

o f hi m ti ll he w a s fo u nd lyi ng a t the door o f a hou s e a t s o e m
d i s t a n ce , w he n he dec l a red t ha t he h a d bee n c a rried there b y
J a n e B rook s S he w a s tried a t C h a rd a ss i z e s , o n the 2 6t h o f
m m
.

M a rch , 1 65 8 , a nd , a s ight be e xpected fr o su ch co nc l u s i ve

ev ide nce , co nde n ed m .

A bo u t the period o f the protector s de a th , a w itch w a s h a n ge d

a t Nor w ich , a n d s e v er a l p u ni s hed in the s a m

e w a y in C or nw a ll
a nd i n 1 6 5 9 , t w o w ere h a nged a t L a n c a s ter , w ho prote s ted their

i nn oc e n ce t o the l a st T he a ppro a ch o f a gre a t po l itic a l ch a nge ,

m
.

a nd the a n i o s itie s o f pa rty w hich a tte nded it , a l w a ys fu r n i shed

m
t h e opport u n it y , e v e n in h u b l e l i fe , o f gr a ti fy i n g per s o na l r e
se nt m en t s ; a nd w e sh a ll nd i mm
edi a te ly a fter th e re s tora tio n
t h a t the c a s e s o f w itchcr a ft w er e a g a in n u ero u s A t t he b e m
m
_ .

g i n n i n g o f the period o f the i nterreg n u the de v i l w a s the e ne

m
,

o f the r ep u b l ic a n s a t it s c l o s e he w a s oppo s ed t o the ro y

y
a l ist s O n the 1 4 th o f M a y, 1 6 60, fo u r per s o ns a t K id d er i n m
m
.

a n , w ere ch a rged w ith

s t er , a w ido w , her t w o d a u ghter s , a nd a

v a rio u s a ct s o f w itchcr a ft , a nd c a rried to W orce s ter j a i l T he .

el de s t d a u ghter w a s a cc u s ed o f s a y i ng th a t , if the y ha d no t bee n

t a k en, the ki ng s ho u l d n e v er h a v e co e t o En gl a nd , m a nd ,

T hefollow in st o r y is g iv en in D r H u t chinso n s H isto r ica l E ssa y on W it ch
'

m
.

cr a f t : A b o u t t eyea r 1 6 4 5 t her ew a s a t C hel s for d a n a f ict ed p er s o n, t ha t i n

m m
,

h er t s cr ied ou t a g a inst a w o a n, a neig hb o r w hich M r Cl a r k , t he ini st er o f t he

m
.

os e l t he r e l d n t b e l ie e t b e il t o f su c h a c r i e A n d i t h a p pe ne d , w hi le
g p co u o v o g u y
m m
.
,

t ha t vo a n ilk ed her co w , t h e co w st r u ck h er w it h o n e ho r n u p o n t he for e

hea d , a nd f et ched b lood ; a nd w hileshew a s t hu s b l eed ing a s p ect r ein her l i k eness ,

a nd t he a m
a p p ea r ed t o t h e pe r so n a ffl ict e
ict ed sa id , Y o u h a v e
m

d , w ho, p oint ing a t t hes pect r e o ne st r u ck a t t hepl a ce,
m a d e he r fo r e hea d b leed
.

H er eu p o n so e m
m
.

w e n t t o t h e w o a n a n d fo u n d h er f o r eh ea d b loo d y a nd a c q u a i nt ed M r C l a r k
m
. .
, ,

w it h it : w ho for t hw i t h w ent t o t hew o a n, a nd a sk ed how her for e h ea d b eca e

d , b y a b lo w o f t heco w s b or n w hereb y hew as se nt

b lood a nd shea nsw e re
r a n innoce nt pe r son su spe ct e
"
sd a t it w as s d e sig n of S a t a n t o r e nd e d .
324 S ORC ERY A ND MAGIC .

tho u gh he no w d oth co m e y et he s h a ll no t l i ve l ong b u t s hall

di e a s i ll a de a th a s the y a nd th a t t he y w o u l d h a v e m
, ,

a d e co r n

l ike pepper
T he s e w ere the m ere r a v i ng s o f p u rit a n ic a l dis
co nte nt repetitio ns pr o b a b ly o f s e nti m e nts the y ha d he a rd a m
.

,
o ng

their neighbor s T he re l a ter conti nu e s : M a ny g r ea t ch a rge s

a g a i ns t the m a nd l it t l e pro ve d t he y w ere p u t t o the d u cki ng i n
.

the ri ver : the y w o u l d no t s i nk b u t s w a ma l o ft The m

, ,

a n ha d

ve t e a ts the w o m
.
,

en three a nd t he e l de s t d a u ghter o ne W h en
the y w e nt to s e a rch t he w o m
, , .

e n no ne w ere v i s ib l e o nea d vi s e d
t o l a y the mo n t heir b a ck s a n d keep ope n the ir m
,

ou t h s a nd t hen ,

t he y w o u l d a ppe a r a nd s o the y pre s e ntly a ppe a red i n s i ht
g .

C H A PT ER XX V I .

W I T C H C R AFT IN G E R M A NY IN THE EA R L I E R PA R T OF
T HE SE V E N T E E NT H C E NT U R Y
. 1
.

m
I N G er a ny , s i n ce the ftee nth ce ntu r y , s orce r y ha d b e en nu
d er g o i n g m
u ch the sa m
e fa te a s in F ra nce a n d S pa i n I n t he
m m
.

w ri t er s o f the s i xtee nth ce nt u ry w e tr a ce a sy s te o f de on01

og
y d i ff eri ng o nly i n s o e m
o f it s d et a i l s f ro th a t o f the o t he r m
cou ntrie s w hich w e h a v e re v i ew ed , a n d in s o e re s pec t s per m
ha ps m m
ore co p l ete I t ha s ore bo ld a nd s triki ng poi nts , a

m
m m
.

c irc u s t a nce a ri s i ng n o do u bt fr o the fa ct th a t here the a n cient

T e u to nic m
y thol o gy ret a i ned a stro nger ho l d u pon the popu l a r
m i nd m
Th e s i t e s o f pri iti v e w or ship a r e ore di s ti nctl y m
m m
.

a rked ; a n d s u ch ou nt a i ns a s B l ock s berg, I ns e l sberg , W ee

k ing s t ein n e a r M i nde n , S t a el s t ein n e a r B a berg , Kr eid enb er g

m
n e a r Wu r z b u rg , B e n i sb e
g r
g n e ar L occ u , F e l l er b er
g n e ar m
T re v e s , K a n de l i n B r is g a u , a n d H e u berg i n the S ch w a r z
fore st , w hich occ u r a s the s ce ne s o f the gre a t sa bb a th s o f t he
w itche s o f thi s period , w e re no do u bt s a cred pl a c es o f t heear ly
m
G er a n s
m
.

T he w itchcr a ft tri a l s in G er a ny d u ri n g the s i xt ee n th ce n tu r y

w ere nu m
ero u s a nd c u rio u s , a nd there a s e l s e w here w eca n t ra c e
t heir origi n o f te n in pers o na l fe u d s , i n po l itic a l e n i t i es , a nd m
m ore e spec i a lly in re l igio u s di er en ces

I t w a s , ho w ever , at .

T heb u G m
en er al t r ea t ise o n w it chcr a ft i n t he er a n la ng u ag eis, I b eliev e,
t h at b Dr gg G Sol d a n, G
eschicht e d er H ex en p r oceu e. a ns de n Que llsn d a r
m
. .

gest e t (St u t t g ar t . The g r ea t coll ect ions cf at er ia ls a r e H u r st s Z an
'
.
 PERSEC UTION OF W ITC H ES AT W URZ B URG . 325

the co
t ho s e t
m m ce me t
en
errib l e re l igio
n of
the s e ve nteenth c e ntu ry o n t he ev e o f
u s w a r s w hich tore G er m a ny to piece s t h a t
,

t he pro s ec u tio ns a g a i n s t w itchcr a ft took there their gr a n d d e ve l op

ment The y w ere mo st re ma rk a bl e a t the citie s o f B a mberg a nd
W ii r z b u r g a nd other pl a ce s w here the Ro m
.

a n c a tho l ic re l igio n

w a s pre va l e nt a nd w hich w ere u n der the i m medi a te i nu e nce o f

,

S om
,

t he Je su it s e o f the e a rl ier w riter s o n s orcery ha d dec l a re d

t h a t the i ncre a s i ng n u m
.

ber o f w itche s in t he s i xtee nth ce nt u ry

w a s o w i ng to the s pr ea d o f prote st a nti s m a n d the J e s u it s n o w
s ei z ed u po n thi s doctri n e a s a m e a n s o f i n u e nci ng t hem
,

i nd s o f
t hevu l g a r a ga i ns t the heretic I t i s prob a b l e there fore t ha t o f
t he m u l tit u de s o f per s on s w ho peri shed a t the st a ke in G er m
.
, ,

a ny

d u ri n g the r s t h a l f o f t he s e v e n tee nth cent u ry fo r s orcery t he

o nly cri m e of m a ny w a s their a tt a ch m
,

e nt t o the re l igio n o f
L u ther .

The period o f the gr e a t per s ec u tions o f w itche s in W ii r zb u r g

a nd B a m berg w a s o n e o f gre a t su ff eri ng w he n the cou ntry ha d
b ee n red u ced t o pov erty b y a m
,

erci l e s s w a r a nd w he n the petty

o f the e m
,

p ri n ce s pire w ere n o t u n w i ll i n g t o s ei z e u po n an
y pre
t e n c e to l l t heir co ff er s ; a n d it ha s bee n re m a rk ed th a t in B a m

b erg a t l e a st the pers o ns pro s ec u ted w ere in ge n era l t hes e t h e

c on s c a tio n o f w ho s e property w a s a m
, , ,

a tter o f co ns ider a tio n

A t Ba m
.

berg a s w e ll a s a t W ii r zb u r g the bi shop w a s a s o v ereign

n ce in his do m
, ,

ri in io n T here h a d l o n g bee n a s i l e nt w a r in
p s

t hi s p l a c e betw ee n c a tho l ici s ma nd the re for m

.

a tio n fo r the l a tter

ha d g a i n ed a footi ng in the precedi n g a g e fro mw hich it s oppo

,

ne n t s ha d not y et bee n a b l e t o dri ve it T he pri nce bi shop Joh n -

G eorge I I w ho ru l ed B a m berg fro m1 622 to 1 633 a fter s e ver a l

.

u nsu cce s s fu l a tte m pts t o root o u t Lu ther a n i s mfro mhis do m

.
, ,

in
i o n s co m
, me nced his a tta ck s u pon it in 1 62 5 u nder a nother na me , ,

an d the re st o f his reign w a s di s ti ngu i shed b y a s erie s o f s a ngu i

n a r y w itch tri a l s w hich di s g r a c e t he a nn a l s o f th a t c ity
-
H is .

r a nd a ge nt in t he s e proceedi n g s w a s F rederic F or ner s u ff ra g a n

g
o f Ba m berg a b l i nd s u pporter o f the J e su its a nd a gr e a t e ne m
,

y
o f heretic s a nd s orcerer s a g a i ns t w ho mhe p u b l i s hed a tre a ti s e
, ,

r the for m id a b l e titl e o f P a nop lia a r m W em

,

u nd e a t u r e De i a
y
fo r ms o m e notion o f the proceedi ngs o f thi s w orth y fro mthe
.

s t a te me nt o f the mo st a u the nt i c hi stori a ns o f thi s c ity th a t b e ,

t w ee n 1 62 5 a nd 1 6 39 no t l e s s th a n n i ne h u ndred tri a l s took p l a c e

i n the t w o co u rts o f Ba m b erg a nd Z ei l ; a nd a p a m
,

ph l et p u b
b er B ib liot hek , and R a u b er s B ib liot heca M a gica Thep r esent cha p t er ig t a k en
'

m
- .

chie y fr o Sold a n s b ook , w it h w hich I w as not a cq u ai nt ed w hen t heea r he

r pa r t

of t his b ook w as w
28
326 SO RCERY A ND MA GI C .

l ished at Ba mb ergb y a u thori t y in 1 65 9 st a t es t he nu m

, , b er of
er o n w hich B i hop Joh n G eorge h a d c a u se d t o b e b u r nt for
p s s s

s orcery t o h a v e bee n s ix h u ndred

Am
.
,

ong the pers o ns thu s sa criced w ere t hech a n c e ll or his son

Doctor H orn w ith hi s w i fe a nd t w o d a u ghter s a nd m
, ,

,
a ny o f the ,

l ord s a nd co u nci ll or s o f the bi shop s cou rt a nd the s e a r e s ta ted

t o h a ve co nfe s s ed th a t a bo v e t w e l v e h u ndred o f th e mha d co n

,

f e d er a ted together a nd t h a t if their s orcer y ha d n o t b ee n b rou ght

,

t o l ight the y w ou l d h a ve bro u ght it to p a s s w ithi n f ou r y e a r s th a t

, ,

there w o u l d h a v e bee n n either w i ne no r co r n in the cou n try a nd

tha t thereb y m
,

a n a nd be a s t w o u l d h a v e peri shed w ith h u n ger

a nd m There w ere e v e n s o m
,

en be dri ve n to ea t o ne a nother e
c a thol ic prie s ts w e a r e tol d a m o n g the mw ho ha d bee n l ed i nto
.

pr a ctice s t o o dre a d fu l to be de s cribed a nd the y confe s s ed a m

, , ,

o ng
other thi ng s th a t the y ha d b a pti z ed m
, ,

a ny chi l dre n in the d e vi l s

na m e It m u s t be s t a ted th a t the s e co nfe ss io ns w ere m

,

a de u n

d er tortu re s o f the m o s t fe a rfu l ki nd fa r m

.

ore so th a n a nythi ng
,

th a t w a s pr a cti s ed in F r a nce or other cou ntrie s T w o o f the ci t y

ma gi stra te s
.

be s ide s other e xtr a ordi na r y thi ngs

the y h a d d o n e s a id th a t the y ha d o fte n r a i s ed su ch terrib l e
s tor m
,

s th a t ho u s e s w ere thro w n do w n a nd tree s tor n u

, p b y t h e
r oots a nd th a t it ha d bee n their i nte ntio n t o ra i s e su ch a w i nd a s

r o f Ba m
,

s ho u l d o v erthro w the gre a t t o w e berg T he w i v e s o f

o ne o f the b u rgo m
.

a s ter s a nd o f the to w n b u tcher dec l a red t h a t i t

-

w a s their t a s k t o m a k e the oi nt m e nt for t he s orcerer s fro me a ch ,

o f w hich the y rece i v ed t w o pe nn ie s a w ee k a nd th a t t hi s

am
,

o u nted in a y e a r t o s ix hu ndred g iilder s o r o r ins T he b u r

om
.

g a s t e r N eidecker a ck no w l edged th a t he h a d a ss i s ted i n p o i

s o n i ng the w e ll s b y s orcer y s o th a t w hoe v er dr a nk o f the m
,

w ou l d
im medi a te ly be stru c k w i t h pe st i l e nce a nd th a t thu s gre a t mu l ti
,

t u de s ha d peri shed T he hi story o f G er m

,

a ny s ho w s h o w e a s
y
it w a s a t thi s ti m
.

e t o poi nt o u t the r a va ge s o f w a r pe sti l e nc e a nd

fa m
, ,

i ne I t w a s a l so a ck n o w l e d ged th a t no l e ss th a n thre ethou

s a nd s orcerer s a nd w itche s a s s e m
.

b l ed a t the d a nce o n the K r eid

e nberg m o u nta i n n e a r W ii r zb u r g o n the night o f S t W a l pu r gi s
r to the m
.
, ,

a nd th a t e a ch h a v i ng gi ve n a kr e uze u s ici a n h e a i ne d
g
r s a nd th a t a t the s a m
,

no l e s s th a n fort y g il ld e e d a nc e t he y dru nk
fu dder o f w i ne w hich the y ha d s to l e n fro mt h e b i shop
,

s eve n

o f W ii r zb u r
g s c e
ll ar T here w ere l itt l e gir l s o f fro m s e v e n t o
t en y e a r s o f a g e a m
.

o n g the w itche s a nd s e v e n a nd t w e n ty o f - -

t he mw ere co n victed a n d b u rnt T he nu m

,

. bers bro u ght t o t ri a l

in the s e terrib l e proceedi n gs w ere so gre a t a nd t h ey w ere ,

tre a ted w ith so l ittl e co ns ider a tion th a t it w a s u su al not even t o

,
 THE B URNINGS A T W URZBURG . 327

t a k et het rou b l e of s etti ng do w n their na me b u t th ey w ere ci t e d

s,

as t he a cc u ed Nos 1 2 3 a nd s o o n
s T he Je s u it s took the ir
c onf e ss i o ns in priva te a nd the y m
.
, , , , .

a de u
p the l i s t o f tho s e w ho
w ere u nd er s tood to h a v e bee n de no u n ced b y the m
,

L u ther a n i s mha d bee n g a i ni ng gro u n d in W u rz b u rg m

.

ore e ve n
t h a n in B a m berg a nd w he n B ishop J u l i u s c a m e to the s ee in
1 5 75 the m
,

ajority o f the pop u l a tio n w a s prote s t a n t T he e ner

a bo u t m a ki ng co nv ert s a l a r m m
, .

gy w ith w hich he set ed a n y o f

t ho s e w ho ha d a ny thi ng to l o s e i n the w orl d a nd the nu m ber o f
heretic s w a s thu s s oo n di m
,

i n i shed Ne verthe l e s s B i shop
Phi l i p A do l ph w ho c a m
.
,

e to the s ee in 1 62 3 fo u nd a su i cient
nu m ber o f prote st a nt s to e x c ite his a l a r m a nd no t d a ri n g in the
, ,

a l po s itio n o f G er m a ny a t th a t m m m
, ,

p o l itic o e nt to per s ec u te the ,

O pe nly for their re l i g io n he a dopted the p l a n o f his n eighbor o f

Ba m
,

berg A gre a t co nfeder a c y o f s orcerer s w a s su dde nly di s

.

c o v ered a nd d u ri ng t w o or t hree y e a r s h u n dred s o f peop l e o f a ll

, ,

a ge s a nd co nditio ns w ere h u rried to the s t a k e

, A c a t a l ogu e o f .

n i n e a nd t w e nt y b r ii n d e or b u rn i ng s d u ri n g a v ery s hort period

- -

o f ti m
, ,

e pre viou s to the F ebr u a ry o f 1 62 9 w i ll giv e the b e st no ,

t i o n o f the horrib l e ch a r a cter o f the s e proceedi ngs ; it is pri nt ed

f ro mthe ori g i na l rec ord in H a u b er s B i b lio t heca M a g ica

.

I n t he F ir s t B u r ning , F ou r P er sons .

The w i fe o f L ieb l er .

O l d Anck er s w ido w

.

T h e w i fe o f G u t b r o d t .

T he w i f e o f H e cker .

I n t he S econd B u r ning , F ou r P er sons .

T he ol d w i f e of B e u tl er
om
.

T w o s tr a n ge w en
m
.

T he o l d w o an w ho k ept the p ot - hou s e .

Iu t he Thir d B u r ning , F iveP er s ons .

T u ng er sl eb er , a i nstre l m .

T he w i fe o f K u l er .

T h e w ife o f S t ier , a proctor

m
.

T he b r u sh a k er s w i fe

m
.

T he go l d s ith s w i fe

.

I n t heF ou r t h B u r nin
g F i
,veP er s ons .

T he w i fe o f S ieg mnd t hegl u az ier a bu rg oma ster

m
.
,

Br ick a nn s w i fe

.
328 SORC ERY AND MAGIC .

m
T he id w ife N B Sh ew a s t he origi n o f a ll t he mi schief
m
. . . .

O l d R u e s w i fe

m
.

A str a nge an .

I n t he Fif t h B u r ning , E ig ht P e
r sons .

L u tz a n e m
, i ne nt shopk eeper .

R u t s cher a shopkeeper
,
.

T he ho u s ekeeper o f the de a n o f the c a th edr a l

T he o ld w i fe o f the co u rt rope m
.

a k er

Jo S t em
.

b a ch s ho u s ekeeper

. .

T he w i fe o f B a u na c h a s e n a to r
A w om a n na m
.
,

ed Z nick el B a b e l
A n ol d w o m
.

an .

I n t he S ixt h B u r ning , S ix P er sons .

T he ste w a rd o f the s e na te , na ed G eri ng m .

O l d M r s Ga u zl er
. .

The fa t t a i l or s w i fe

m
.

T he w o a n cook o f M r M eng er dor f

m
. .

A s tr a n ge an

m
.

A str a nge w o a n .

I n t he S event h B u r ni ng , S even Per sons .

A s tr a n ge girl o f t w e l v e y e a r s ol d

m
.

A s tr a nge an

m
.

A s tr a n ge w o a n .

A str a n ge b a i l i ff ( s chu l t heiss)

m
.

T hree s tr a nge w o e n .

I n t heE ig ht h B u r ning , S even P er sons .

B a u n a ch , a s e na tor , t he fa tte s t c iti z e n in W iir zb ur g .

T he s t ew a rd o f the de a n of the c a thedr a l

m
.

A s tr a n ge an .

T he k ni fe gri nder -
.

T he g a u ger s w i f e

m
.

T w o str a nge w o e n .

I n t he Nint h B u r ning , FiveP er sons .

W u nt h the w hee l w right

A st r a n ge m
, .

an .

It mt
us b eu nd er st ood t ha t s t r a ng e me n t s, no ci t iz en of W ii r zb u r g Per
me me
a s
me w eep m
.

r ou s st r a nge
t
s t he nu n a nd w o n r r ot est a nt ref u g ees fr o o t her
p t'
 THE B URNINGS A T W URZ BURG . 329

B ent z es d a u ght er

.

B ent z es w i fe her s e l f

.

T he w i f e of Eyer ing .

I n t he Tent h B u r ning , Thr e

eP er sons .

S t ein a ch er , a v ery rich m an

m
.

A s tr a n ge w o a n
m
.

A s tr a nge an .

I n t heE leven t h B u r ning , Fou r P er sons .

S ch w erdt , a v ic a r chor a l in -
the c a thedra l .

R ens a ck er s ho u s ekeeper

.

T he w i f e o f S t iecher
m
.

S i l berh a u s , a i nstre l .

I n t he Tw elft h B u r ni ng , Two Pe
r sons .

Tw o s tr a nge w omen .

I n t he Thir t eent h B u r ning , Fou r P er s ons .

m
T he o l d s ith o f the co u rt
m
.

A n ol d w o a n .

A l ittl e gir l n i ne or t en y e a r s ol d .

A y o u nger girl , her l ittl e s i ster .

I n t heF ou r teent h B u r ning , Two P e

r s ons .

m
T h e other o f the t w o l ittl e girl s be fore me tio n n ed .

Lieb l er s d a u ghter , a ged t w e nty fo u r y e a r s

-
.

I n t he Fif t eent h B u r ning , Tw o P er s ons .

A b oy o f tw el ve y e a r s of a g e, in the r st s choo l .

A bu tcher s w i fe

.

I n t he S ixt een t h B u r ning , S ix P er s ons .

A n obl e p a ge o f B et z enstei n w a s e xec u ted in the ch a nce ll or s

a rd a t s ix o c l ock in the m
,

or n i n g a n d l e ft u po n his bier a ll d a

y y , ,

a nd the n n e x t d a y b u rn t w ith the fo ll o w i ng

A bo y o f t en y e a r s o f a g e
T he t w o d a u ghter s o f the s te w a rd o f the s ena te a nd his m
.

a id

T he fa t r cp em
.
,

ake r s w i fe

.

I n t he S event een t h B u r ning , Fou r P er s ons .

T he i nn keeper o f the B a u mg rt e a n
.

A b oy el ev en y e a rs ol d .

"
28
330 SO RCERY A ND MA GIC .

The w i fe of t he a pothec a r y a t t he H ir s ch (t he S t a g ) , a nd her

d a u ghter
mn w h
.

N B
. A wo
. a o p l a y ed the h a rp ha d h a n ged h erself .

I n t heE ig ht eent h B u r ning , S ix Per sons .

B a t s ch , a ta nn er .

T w o bo y s o f t w e l ve y e a r s o ld .

T he d a u ghter o f Dr J u n ge . .

A gir l o f ftee n y e a r s o f a g e
m
.

A s tr a nge w o a n .

I n t heNi net eent h B u r ning , S ix P er s ons .

A obl e p a ge o f Ro t enha mw a s b ehe a ded a t six o c l ock in t he

n

ch a nce l l or s y a rd a nd b u r nt the f o ll o w i ng d a y

,

T he w i f e o f the s ecreta ry S chellhar

A w om
.

an .

A b o y o f t en y e a r s o f a g e .

A n other bo y t w e l v e y e a r s o l d
B r u gl er s w i f e a c y m
.

b a l p l a y er (b eehin) w a s bu r nt a l i v e
,
-
, .

I n t he Tw ent iet h B u r ni ng S ix P er sons .

G ob el chi l d the m

s o st be a u ti fu l gir l i n W ii r z b u r g
A s tu de n t o n the fth for mw ho k ne w m
, .

a ny l a n u a ge
g s and

w a s a n e xce ll e nt m t i ns t r u m
, ,

u s ici a n voca l i t er e en t a li t er
T w o bo y s fro mthe n ew m
.

i ni ster e a ch tw e l ve y e a r s o l d , .

S tepper s l itt l e d a u ghter

T he w o m
.

a n w ho k ept the b ridge g a t e -

.

I n t he Tw ent y ir s t B u r ni n , S ix P e
f
-
g r sons .

m
T he a ster o f the Diet r icher ho spita l , a v ery l e a rned m an
m
.

S t o el H o l t z a nn

A b o y fo u rtee n y e a r s ol d .

T he l i t tl e so n o f S e n a tor S t ol zenb er g er
m
.

T w o a lu ni .

I n t heTwent y second B u r ni ng , S ix P er sons

-
.

St r m r ich cooper
an, a .

A s tr a nge b o y .

T he gro w n u p d a u ghter o f S e na tor S t ol z enb

-
er g er .

T he w i fe o f S t ol z enb er g er her s e l f
T he w a sher w o m
.

a n in the n ew b u i l di n g

A str a n ge w o m
.

an .
 TH E B URNINGS A T W URZB URG . 331

I n t he Twe y t hir
n t -
d B u r ning , NineP e
r sons .

Da vid C r ot en s b o y i e y e a r s ol d o n t he s econd form

,
of n n , .

T h e t w o s o ns o f the pri nce s cook o ne o f fo u rte en ye a r s t he

n y e a r s fromthe r s t s choo l
, ,

ot her o f t e
M e l chior H a m mel mann v ic a r a t H a ch
.
,

Nicode m u s H ir s ch a c a no n in the new m

, .

i nster
C hri s topher Berger v ic a r in t he n ew m
, .

i ns ter
m
, .

A n a lu n u s
m
.

NB .
.T he b a i l i ff in the Br enner b a ch cou rt a nd a n a lu nu s
w er e bu rnt a l i ve .

I n t he T n y ou r t h
w e t -
f B u r ning , S even Pe
r sons .

T w o b o y s in the ho spita l .

A rich cooper
m
.

L ore nz S t ii b er , v ic a r in the new inste r

m
.

B a tz , v ic a r in the new i ns ter

m
.

L ore nz R oth , v ic a r in the new i nster

m m
.

A w o a n na ed R o ssl eins M a rti n .

I n t he Twent y f t h B u r ning , S ix P er sons

-
.

F rederic k B a ss er , v ic a r in the c a thedral .

S t a b , v ic a r a t H a ch
Lam mi n ter
.

brecht c a no n in the new

,
s .

The w i f e o f G a ll u s H a ns e n .

A s tra nge b o y
S che l m
.

erei t he h u ck stre ss
, .

I n t he Twent y sixt h B u r ni ng , S even P er sons

-
.

Da v id H a ns , c a non in the new m

a i ns ter .

W eyd enb u sch a s e na tor

T he i nnkeeper s w i fe o f the B au m
.
,

g a rt e n
A n o ld w o m
.

an .

T he l itt l e d a u gh t er o f V a lk enb er g er w a s p riva tely execu t e d

a nd b u rnt o n her bier .

T he l ittl e son of the t o w n cou nci l b a i l i ff .

H err W a gn er v ic a r i n the c a thedr a l w as b u rnt a l ive

, , .

In t he Twent y s e
vent h B u r nin , S e
ven Per sons
g
-
.

A bu tcher na m ed K i l i a n H a ns
,
.

T he keeper o f the b ridge ga te - .

A s tr a nge b oy
A s tr a ng ew o m
.

an .
339 SORCERY A ND MAGIC .

T he s on em a l emi nst r el
o f t he f , vic ar a t H a ch .

M iche l W a g ner v ic a r a t H a ch
,
.

Ku er v i c a r a t H a ch
,
.

r Ca nd le
I n t he Tw ent y eig ht h B u r n ing , af t e
- m as, 1 62 9,
S ix Per sons .

T he w i fe o f K ner t z th e bu tcher .

T he i n fa nt d a u ghter o f Dr S chii l t z . .

A b l i n d girl .

S ch w a rt z , c a non a t H a ch .

Eh l i ng , a vi c a r .

B er nh a rd M a rk , v ic a r i n t he ca th edr a l , w a s bu r nt a live .

I n t he T n y nint h
w e t -
Bu r nin
g S even Per sons
, .

V ierte l B eck .

T he i nnkeeper a t K l i nge n
m
.

T he b a i l i ff o f M er g el shei .

T he w i f e o f B eck a t the C x t o w er -
.

T he fa t n ob l e l a d y (edelfr a u ) .

NB A doctor o f di v i nity a t H a ch a nd a c a non w er eexe

m
. .

cu t ed e a r ly a t ve o c l ock i n the orni n g , a nd b u r nt o n t he

ir

bier
gentl e m ischb a u m
.

A a n o f A de l c a ll ed J u nker Fl e
,
.

\Ve a r e a ssu red a t the end o f thi s doc u m e nt t ha t t her e w er e

ma ny other bu rn i ngs be s ide tho s e here enu mera ted I t a ppears
th a t e xcept in p a rtic u l a r c a s e s the j u dge s sho w e d so m
.

u ch
merc y a s to c a u s e their v icti ms t o b e pu t t o dea th b y behea ding
, ,

b e fore the y w ere b u rnt

O ne o f t he v ic t i m spe c i a l c o m mie
.

s o n thi s occ a s io n e xcited e .

c r a tio n bec a u s e he w a s o f high r a nk a ki ns m a n o f t h e b ishop

hi m s e l f o n w ho mhe a tte nded a s a p a ge o f t he cou r t

, ,

a nd b e

c a u s e h e w a s y o u ng h a n d s o m
, ,

e a nd i ntere s ti ng T he you t hfu l

Er n s t v o n Ehre nberg w e a r e to l d w a s re m
, .
,

,
a rk a b l e chi e y for
,

the a tte ntion he p a id to his stu die s in the u n i vers ity o f Wii r z
bu rg a nd for the progre s s w hich he m
, a de in the mu nt i l he w a s ,

s ed u ced b y his a u nt a l a d y o f r a nk i n th a t c ity w ho r e ce ived

hi ma s a ki nsm a n i nto her fa m
, ,

i ly T hi s l a dy t he J esu i t s t ell
.
,

u s w a s a n a b a n do ned w itch perh a p s she w a s a pro t e

, s ta nt
a nd she s oon t a u ght her n ephe w to p u r su e e v i l co u r s e s u ntil
fro ma n u nd u e fa m i l i a rity w ith hers e l f he proc eede d t o b eco m
,

e
a fa m i l i a r o f the de vi l Fo r a w hi l e he ha d su f ci ent d issim u
l a tio n to con ce a l his w ick ed ne ss u nti l the cha n ge b ec a m
.

e evi
de nt fr o mhis i ncre a s i ng negl ect o f his s tu di es a nd his r elig iou s
,
 ERNST VO N EHRENBERG .
333

d u t i es , a nd instea d o f b ei n g a s b e fore , r e a rk a b l e fo r hi s a t t e n
'

m
t io n t o his b ook s he no w s pe nt hi s ti e a t p l a y a nd a o ng the m m
l a d i es .T he J e su it inqu i s itor s w ere a l a r ed a t his con du ct , a nd m
u n d er t o o k t o di sco v er the c a u s e T he y f ou nd , o r prete n ded t o
m
.

n d , b y t he co nfe s s io ns of s o e o f the s orcerer s b ro u ght to the

st a k e , th a t, thro u gh the s ed u ctio ns o f hi s a u nt , he ha d s o l d hi m
se lf t o the de v i l , s a d th a t he h a d a tte n ded the s a bb a th s o f the
w i t c h es m
T he b i shop d eter i n ed to co nv ert his k i ns a n , i f p o s
. m
s ib l e, t o a di ff ere n t l i fe O n his pro fe ss io n of repenta nce a nd
m m m
.
_

i se of a e nd e n t he w de l i ered t the c re f the

p r o a s v o a o

m m
,

J es u it s , th a t he ight prot b y their te a chi ng , a nd the y took hi

to th eir hou s e w here the y l o a ded himw ith holy a m
, u l et s a g nu s ,

d ei s r e l ic s a nd ho ly w a ter a nd a ppoi nted o ne o f their order t o

nd u po n himb oth d a y a nd n ight to protect hi ma ga i n s t the
, ,

a t te

mpts o f the e nd The Je su its ho w e ver soon fou nd a s

,

at t e

th ey dec l a red th a t no di ste m

.
, , ,

, per w a s s o i nc u ra bl e a s sorcery .

W h en e v er he h a d the opportu nity he l a id a s ide the holy a rtic l e s

w i t h w h i ch he w a s e n c u m
,

bered a t night a nd the n the de v i l

cam e t o hima nd c a rri ed him a w a y to the w itche s m
,

eeti ngs
,

w h en c e h e co ntri v ed t o retu r n be fore fou r o c l ock i n t he

mor ni ng t hehou r w he n his spiritu a l i nstru ctors ro s e O nce o r

, .

t w ic e ho w e ve r perh a p s ri s i ng e a r l ier th a n u su a l the y f o u nd hi s

b ed em pty a nd the y di s co v ered fro mthi s a nd s om
, , ,

e other cir
cu m
,

s t a nc e s ho w he s pe n t hi s nights T he y no w dec l a red th a t

a ll h i s p r o m i s e s of a m e nd m
.

e nt w ere only i nte nded t o decei v e

y e nterta i n ed no fu rther hope s o f him H e w a s a c
,

a nd t h a t th e
co r di n gl y co nde m ned to de a th a nd the j u dg m
.

e nt w a s he l d o ver
himi n t er r or emw ith the hope th a t he m
,

ight sti ll be i ndu ced t o

re en t T h e co n c l u s io n o f his story is d r a m a tic a lly to l d b y t he
p .

Jesu it w ho ha s l eft u s a re l a tio n o f it T he J e su its w ere to pre

a r e hi m a r ly o n the m
.

f o r de a th E or ni ng o f the d a y a ppoi nted

p
it a ppe a r s th a t he ha d n o t b ee n m
.

fo r h is x u e ec tio n a de a cq u a i nt

ed w i th hi s s e n te n ce the y w e nt to hima nd to l d hi min a m big ,

u o u s l a n gu a ge th a t he w a s to prep a re f o r a b etter l i f e th a n t h a t

h e h a d hi t herto l ed a nd the n took hi mi n to the c a stl e

,

H ere he
r eco g nis ed w ith a n i nnoce nt j o y the s ce n e s o f his chi l di s h g a m
, .

bo ls
ther e sa id he I p l a y ed ther e I dr a nk there I
a nd w e nt o n m a k in g r e m
, , , ,

u n ti l he

d a nced a rk s o f thi s ki n d

w a s c o ndu cted i nto a roo mh u n g w ith b l a ck w here a s ca o l d

, ,
'

T he n he tu r n ed p a l e a nd fo r a few m
,

w a s erec t ed i nu te s s to o d
t r em bl i ng a nd speechl e ss b u t w he n the ex ec u tio ners a tte m
.
,

pted
t o la y t heir ha nd s u po n himhe r a i s ed su ch a cr y o f d istre ss
m lves w er e m
,

t ha t t he j u dg e s t he se ove d b y it a nd they w ent t o ,

334 S ORCERY A ND MA GI C .

i nter cede w ith t heb i shop in h is fa vor Thep r ince m ad e a l ast

mpt a nd se nt a me s s e nger to o ff er himforgiveness if he
.

a tt e

w o u l d pro m i s e a thoro u gh re form Bu t t he m

,

a tio n . es s enger r o
t u r ned w ith a n a ns w er th a t a ll w a s in va i n for t he d evil had so
h a rd e n ed the y o u th tha t he bo l dly dec l a red he w o u l d re m
,

, a i n as

h o w a s th a t he ha d no n ee d o f repe nta nce o r cha ng e a nd t hat

i f he w ere no t s o a l re a d y he w ou l d w i s h t o b ec o m
, ,

, e so The n .

the pri nc e st ernly s ig nied his w i ll th a t j u stic e shou l d t a keits

co u r s e T he y dr a gged the y o u th a ga i n i nto the d a rk cha m be r

s u ppo rted o n e a ch s ide b y a Je su it w ho u rged him

.
,

, t o r ep ent a nce ;
b u t he per s i sted in sa y i ng th a t he n eeded no rep enta nc e b egge d
fo r his l i fe tried to w re s t hi m l f fro mthe g ras p o f t he o i cers
,

, se ,

a nd g a v e no a tte ntio n to the e x hort a t io ns o f t he pri e st s A t last

the ex ec u tioner s ei z ed a fa v or a b l e m om ent a nd in t he m
.

idst of
his s tr u ggl e s t o e s c a pe s tru ck the h e a d fro mhis b o d y a t a b l ow
,

W e w ill no t m
.

u l tip ly o u r l i s t o f e x ec u tio ns o f w itch es in Go

ma ny T he pers ec u t ion ra ised b y the J e su its a ga i n st the sor

r s s ee m
.

ce re ed i ncre a s i ng ra ther th a n other w i se w hen o neof

their order a piou s a nd l e a r ned m a n na m
,

, ed F rederi ck S pee a
, ,

n a t i v e o f C o l ogne r a i s ed his v oic e a ga i ns t thi s c r u e

, l ty b y pu b ,

l is hing in the y e a r 1 631 a tre a ti s e o n the su bj ect u nd e r t het itle

o f C a u t io C r im
, , ,

i no lis in w hich he poi nted ou t the n e c ess ity of

t a ki ng w ith m
,

ore c a u tio n the s o r t o f e v idenc e w hich it w a s u su al

t o a dd u c e a g a i nst o ff e nder s o f thi s c l as s I t w a s a s i t s a u thor
A book v ery n ec e ssar y a t th a t t i m
.
,

s ta te s in t h e titl e e fo r t he
ma gi st r a c y throu ghou t G erma ny ( lib er a d mag is t r a t u s G er ma nic
,

hoet em p or ene cess a r i u s ) a nd it n o do u b t ha d a gre a t i n u e nce in

pu tti ng a s top t o t he w ho l e s a l e pro sec u tions w hich ha d b ec o m
,

e
s o pre va l e nt .

C H A P T ER XX V II .

THE W I T C H ES OF S C O T LA N D U NDER . K I NG J A M ES A FT E R . HIS

A C C ES S I O N T O THE E NG LI S H T H R O NE .

I N t he e a rl ier a ge s o f s ociety , t hep r a ctice o f edic ine, w h i ch m

cons i sted in a c u ri ng o f w ou nd s , w a s u su a lly i ntru st ed t o t he
m
w o en I t w a s their b u s i ne s s t o ga ther the be s t h erbs , a nd t o
m m
.

k no w th eir s e v er a l virtu e s The r e edie s w er e oft en ver y si

m
.

p l e, a nd r eq u i r ed no gr ea t k no w l ed g et o r
p pe a r e a nd a l
pp y t he ,
 THE WITC H ES OF S C OTLAND . 335

a nd t he pr o fe ss ed he a l ers w ho the m s e l ve s b e l ie v e d i n t he e lli

o f ch a r m m
,

s a nd ch a r a cte r s n d i gi ned th t the pr e per
cac
y a a a

s o f d i ff ere nt herb s w ere gi v e n to the m

,

t ie b y the spirits w ho pre

si ded o v er w ood s a nd e l d s fo u nd a n a d va nta ge a t the s a m e ti m e
in cl o t h i n g their re m edie s in a dve ntitio u s m
,

ystery T o w h a t a n ex
.

te nt t hi s w a s pr a cti s ed w i ll be f u lly u n der s tood b y a ny o new ho is

conv ers a nt w ith t heco ll ectio ns o f m edici na l rec eipts in m ed im va l

ma nu s cripts A fter the R o ma n ci v i l i za tion ha d i ntrodu ced its e l f

am
.

o ng t h e v a rio u s br a nche s o f the T e u to nic r a c e a nd s choo l s

of m
, ,

edic i ne w ere e st a b l i shed a n ew r a c e o f pr a ctitioner s spr a n g

,

u p s u perior t o t he other s b y their l e a r ni n g a nd theoretic k no w l

, ,

ed g e b u t sti ll j u dgi ng it co nv e nie nt to cre a te a popu l a r re vere nc e

for t heir a r t by c l othi ng it in a s i m i l a r g a rb o f m
,

ys t ery T hu s
medic ine in w h a te ver circu msta nces it w a s fou nd w a s deeply
.
,

int er m
, ,

i x ed w ith s u perstitio n
I n pr oc e ss o f ti m e the s e t w o c l a ss e s o f m
.

edic a l pra ctitio ners

b eca m em ore w ide ly s ep a r a ted frome a ch other the s chol a sti c
.
,

h i c i a ns ri s in g i n pro fe s s ion a l clia r a ct e w hi l e the other s w e nt

p y s r

on d ege n era t i ng u nti l the y bec a m e l iter a lly o l d w o m

,

e n doctor s
This v u l g ar m ed ici na l k no w l edge bec a m
.

e a t l a st u nited w ith
so rc e ry in the per s o n of the w itch a s it ha d for m ,
erly been u ni
te d w ith t h e re l igiou s w or ship o f t h e p eop l e in the fu nctio ns o f
t he p ri es te s s T he l a tter recei v ed her k no w l edge b y t he insp i
the for m
.

r a t io n o f the god s er deri ved her k no w l edge of the vir

t u es o f h erb s b y the gi ft o f the f a irie s or o f the de vi l M a ny o f
t hema d ded to the s e a pro fe ss io n o f a fa r m
.

ore horrib l e ch a ra c
t er . T he y w ere a cqu a i nted w ith herb s o f w hich the propertie s
w e r e n ox io u s a s w e ll a s w ith tho s e w hich w ere b e n e ci a l a n d
t hey a cqu ired a t ti m
, ,

e s a n e xtra ordi n a ry ski ll in concocti ng p o i

so n s o f d iff ere n t degree s o f force a nd w hich a cted in di ff ere nt
ma nners T he w itche s w ere the gre a t poi soners of the mid dl e
,

a g es a nd their pr a ctic e w a s n o do u bt fa r m
.

ore e xte ns i ve th a n
even w ith w h a t w eh a v e rece ntly w itne ss ed a m
, ,

ong o u r pe a sa ntry
w e ca n e a si ly i m
,

a gi ne .

Ne ar ly a ll the S cotti sh w itche s o f the r s t h a l f of the s e v en

t eent h ce ntu ry w ere su ch vu l g a r pr a ctitio n er s in the he a l i ng a r t
a nd so m e o f the ma t l e a s t w ere poi s o ner s O u r m
,

a teri a l s a r e

a g a i n f u rn i shed a l m
.

o st e ntire ly b y R obert P itc a irn w ho s e col l e e

t io n o f e a rl y S cotti s h cri m in a l tri a l s is o ne o f the m
,

o s t cu r i ou s
w o rk s o f the ki nd th a t ha s e ver bee n p u b l i shed .

Th e r s t i nsta nc e of a n o ff e nder o f thi s c l a s s in the s e v e ntee nth

ce nt u ry tha t o cc u r s in the s e regi s ter s i s th a t o f J a m e s R e id o f
m m
,
e e
M u ss elb u r gh, w h o w a s b ro u gh t t o t r i a l a s a c o on so rc r r ,
336 S O RC ERY AND M AGI C .

c ha r m e r a nd a bu s er o n the 2 l st of J u ly 1 602 Ja m
, ,

es R eid , .

pro fe ss ed t o he a l a l l k in d s o f di s e a s e s qu hilk c r a ft he l er nit

f r a the d evill his m

,

a i s ter in Bynnie cr a i g i a a nd C o r s t o r p hin

c ra igi a q u b a ir he m et w it h hima nd co nsu l t it w ith hi mt o l er n e
, ,

the s a id cr a f t ; qu ha (t h a t is J a m e s R eid ) g a if hi mt hr ie p e nn ie s
,

a t a ne t ym
,

e a nd a p c ice cr eische ( g r ea s e) o u t o f hi s b a g a t a ne
u ther t ym T he de v i l s ter m
,

s o n thi s occ as io n w ere no t v ery

e
e xorbita nt T hi s r st i nter vie w t o ok pl a ce so m
.
, ,

e thirtee n y e a rs
be fore the ti m
.

e o f his tri a l a nd he ha d s i n c e th a t ha d fr equ ent

meeti ngs w ith t he e vil one w ho a ppea re d so meti me s in t he form
,

of a m a n a nd s o m eti m
,

e s in t ha t o f a hors e H is gr a nd s peci c
i n e ff ecti ng his c u re s w a s w a te r fro ma s o u th r u nni n g s t re a m
.
,
-

Am o ng the cri m e s e nu m era ted in his i ndict m

.

e nt w er e s e ve r a l
3
c u re s perform

ed t o u s e the w ord s o f the record in his d ev
il is h m b u t t hem o s t s erio u s ch a rg ea ga i nst himw a s a
, ,

a nner
co n spir a c y a g a i nst the l ife o f o ne Da vi d Lib b er t ou n a b a ker o f
T here w a s a f e u d b etw ee n t hi s m a n a nd the fa m
,

Edi nb u rgh i ly
so u n s m m
.

o f Joh n C r y s ti eo f C r st i e
'

y y l n e o r i ll a ri s i ng p erh a p s

f ro ms o m e di sho ne st tr a nsa ctio ns b etw ee n th emfor in f or m

, , ,

er
d a ys the ro gu ery o f b a kers a nd m
,

i ll ers w a s pro verbi a l C rys

tie s d a u ght er Jo u et a nd s o me othe r w o m e n of the fa m
.

i ly a p
p l ied to J a m
, ,

e s R eid fo r re ve nge a nd he he l d a consu l t a tio n w ith ,

the e n d fo r the p u rpo s e o f bri n gi ng de stru ction o n Lib b er t ou n

his fa m i ly good s a nd corn J a m e s s i ns tr u c t or m a de him
,

ta ke

a piece o f r a w e s h o n w hich he m
, , .

a de n i ne n i ck s o r n otc he s

e n ch a nted the s a m
, ,

a nd e T he e sh w a s giv e n t o J ou et C ry s
tie o ne h a l f t o be l a id u nder the door o f Lib b er t onn s m
.

, i ll a nd
,

the other u nder the door o f his s ta ble ; t he obj ect o f t he l a tte r
bei n g to b e w i t ch his hors e s a nd c a ttl e S a ta n a l so en ch a n ted .

n i ne s to n e s w hich w ere t o be thro w n o n Da vi d Lib b er t o u n s

l a nd s to de s tro y his cor n T he y nex t m

,

a de a pi ctu r e o f w a x
e nch a nted a nd t his the w o m
.
, ,

w hich the e n d a l s o e n r o a sted

a t a re i n C ry s tie s ho u s e to e ff ect the de s tr u ctio n o f L i b b er

to u n hi m
,

sel f T he l a tter in d u e co u rs e died

. .

I n E ngl a nd the y w ere conte nted w ith the che a pe r a n d ea s ie r

proce ss o f h a n gi ng the w itche s b u t in S cotl a nd a s in G e r m a ny
the good o ld sy s te mo f b u rni ng w a s sti ll pers e vere d in a l thou gh
, , ,

t he y n o w ge n er a lly pu t the v icti m

,

s t o de a th b y st r a n g l i n g o r
som e o t her m e a ns b e fore the y w ere com mitted t o t he a mes
,

T hi s a ct o f m
, .

erc y w a s prob a bly occ a s io ned b y the hor rib l e s c en e s

th a t b u rni ng a l i v e co ntinu a lly g a v e ri s e to We l ear n f ro mt he
mi nu tes of the S cotch pri vy co u nci l tha t o n t he l at of Dec em
.

The ea r l of M ar d ec l ar ed t o t he cou ncil t ha t s o m

, ,

b er 1 608
, , e
 PA T RI C K LO W RIE .
337

wo men w e re t a k e n in B ro u ghto n (the su b u rb of Edi nbu rgh ) a s

w i t c he s a n d bei ng p u t to a n a s s i z e a nd co nvicted a l beit the y
, , ,

p ers e vere d const a nt in their de ni a l t o the end y et the y w ere

b u rnt q u ick a fter s u ch a cru e l ma nn er th a t s om e o f the mdied in
,

d e s p a ir re no u nci ng a nd b l a s phe m
, ,

, in g ; a nd other s h a l f b u rnt , ,

b ro k e o u t o f the re a nd w ere c a st qu ick in i t a ga i n ti ll the y

, ,

w er e bu rnt to de a t h
Ja m
.

e s R eid w a s w ir r eit or st r a ngl ed a n d the n b u r nt

W e l e a rn fro mthe s e s a m e regi s ter s th a t a m a n na m
, , .

ed Pa t
co m monly k no w n by the
,

r i ck L o w rie o f H a l ie in A y r s hire

na m e o f Pa t the w itch su ff ered the sa m

, ,

e fa te in the J u ly o f the
s m
,

e a r 1 605 T hi a n ha d bee n in co n feder a c y w ith s e v er a l

y
w om
.

e n w itche s a nd o n the W hitsu n d a y o f 1 604 the y ha d he l d

a m
,

eeti ng w i t h the e vi l o n e o n the S a ndhi ll s in Kyl e ne a r t he

b u rgh o f I r vi ne O n H a ll o w Ev e the sa m e y e a r the y a ss e m
,

-
.
, ,

b l ed a ga i n o u Lo w do n hi ll w here a s p irit in the l ike ne s s o f a

-

w om a n w ho c a ll ed her s e l f H el e n M B r u n e a ppe a red t o the m

, ,

, , ,

a nd a fter a l o ng co n su l t a tio n g a v e P a trick a h a ir be l t in o n e -

o f the e nd s o f w hich be l t a ppe a red the s i m

, ,

i l itu de o f fo u r ngers
a nd a th u m b no t fa r di ff ere nt fro mthe c l a w s o f the dev i l
, T he y .

a ft er w a rd vi s ited t he n eighbori ng ch u rche s a nd ch u rch y a rd s to

d ig u p the de a d fro m th eir gr a v e s a nd di sm em ber the m fo r
,

T hi s m
, ,

t he pr a cti s i ng o f their w itchcr a ft a nd s orc er y a n l ik e

t he for m er i nj u red s o m e peopl e a nd per for m

.
,

,
'
ed c u re s fo r ot hers,

he w a s ch a rged e sp eci a lly w ith c u ri n g a chi l d o f a ne s tr a n g e

incu r ea b ill di s e a s e .

T he pr a ctice s o f I s obe l G r ier s o u ne the w i f e o f a l a borer a t

Pr es to np a ns n a m ed John B u ll w ere sti ll more e x tr a ordi na r y
,

, .

S he w a s tr ied o n the 1 0t h o f M a rch 1 6 07 a nd it a ppe a red th a t

cr u e l h a tred a nd m a ga i n s t o n eA d a m
, , ,

ha v i n g co n c ei v ed a a l ice

C l a r k o f the sa m e pl a ce she u s ed d u ri n g a y e a r a nd a h a l f a l l
d evi l i sh a nd u ngod ly m e a n s to be a ve nged u po n him O ne
, ,

night in the No ve m
.

ber o f 1 6 06 betw ee n e l e ve n o c l oc k a nd

mid night w he n the w hol e fa mi ly co ns i sti ng o f A d a mhis w i fe

, ,

a nd a w om
, , , ,

a n s erv a n t w ere a s l eep i n their bed s she e ntere d

-

t he ir hou s e i n the l ike n e ss o f her o w n c a t a cco m

, ,

p a n ied w ith a
a t nu m o f other c a t s a n d m
,

r e ber a de su ch a n u pro a r th a t t h e
g
inm a te s w e nt n e a r ly m T he n to i ncre a s e the tu m
,

ad u l t t he

d ev i l in the sh a p e o f a b l a ck m an m
.
, ,

a de h is a ppe a ra nc e a nd

in a f e a rf u l m a nner s ei z i ng the s erva nt a s s h e s tood in the m

, , , ,

id
dl e o f th e oor tore her ca p fro mher he a d a nd thre w it in t he
,

r e a n d dr a gged her u p a nd do w n the hou s e w ith so m

,

,
u ch v io

l ence t ha t shew a s ob l iged t o k e ep her b ed for six w eek s a ft er .

29
338 S O RC ERY A ND M AGIC .

S u ch ce ne s a s thi s s e l do mocc u r in the sto r ie s o f En gl i sh

s

w itchery P re vio u s to t hi s occ u rre nc e a t t he begi nn i ng o f the

y e a r 1 600 the s a m e I s obe l ha d t a k e n o ence a g a i ns t a m
.
,

a n of

the sa me to w n n a m ed \Vill ia mBu r net S he thr ew a pi e c e o f

,

e nch a nted es h a t h is door a nd he w a s i m medi a te ly

.
,

r aw

s tru ck w ith a d re a d fu l m
,

a l a d y a nd fo r the s p a ce o f a y e a r the

d em
,

o n h a u nted the ho u s e n ightly in the sh a pe o f a na k ed ih

I n co ns eq u e nce o f the s e a nd o t her s i m
,

f a n t b a irn i l a r p er s ecu
tions W i ll i a mB u rnet l a ngu i she d three y e a r s a nd di ed A n
.

other m s u mo f n i n e s h ill i n gs a nd f o u r
.
,

a n re fu s ed to her the
p y
a

pe nce w hich he o w ed her a nd he w a s s ei z ed w ith a gri ev o u s

s ick n e ss w hich n e v er l eft h imti ll the d ebt w a s di s ch a rged
, ,

An
a n d a l l h is a l e bec a m
, .

a l eho u s e keep er a r o nt ed her e th ick
'

l ike gu tter dirt a n d s m

,

e ll ed s o b a d th a t nobod y w o u l d to u ch it
A n i n n keeper s w i fe g a v e her s o m
.
,

e c a u s e o f o ence a nd s he ,

w ent u nder s i l e n ce a nd c l o u d o f night a nd e n teri ng the ho u s e , ,

a fter a de v il i s h a n d u nk n o w n w a dr a gg ed her b y the h a ir
y
o u t o f bed fro mthe s ide o f her h u s b a nd a n d thre w her o n the
,

,

oor w hereb y her s pirit fa i l ed her a nd she co nti n u ed i n a
, ,

he l pl es s s t a te d u ri ng ve or s ix d a y s O n thi s occ a s io n I s obe l .

,

G r ier s o u ne w a s p u b l ic ly a cc u s ed o f bei ng the c a u s e o f the w o

ma n s s ickn e s s a nd she there fore e mpl oy ed her neighbor s t o

,

bri ng her a n d the i nnke eper s w i fe t o dri n k together a fter w hi c h

,

the l a tt er reco v ered b u t s he a g a i n c a ll ed her a w itch w he re ,

u po n I s obe l w ho a ppe a r s to h a v e po s s e s s e d a ny thi ng b u t a en

g
t l e te m
,

per ew i nto a r a ge a n d s a id to her the fa got o f he ll

l ight o n thee a nd he ll s c a l d ro n m
, , ,

a
y tho u s eethe i n !

H er
w ea k n e s s ret u rn ed a n d re m a i n ed w ith her ti ll the ti m
,

,
e o f I so

be l s tri a l I s obe l G r ier s o u n e w a s b u rn t o n the C a s t l e hi ll a t -

I n the Dece m ber o f the s a m e year a m

.

E di n b u rgh an w a s

b u rnt there fo r the s a m e cri m

.

e ; he w a s a c c u s ed o f poi s o ni n g
peopl e a s w e ll a s c u ri ng O ther s i m i l a r c a s e s occ u r in the fo l
l o w i ng y e a r s a nd no do u bt m a ny m ight be i ns ta nced fro mother
, .

p a rts o f S cotl a n d
O n the 2 7 t h o f M a y 1 6 05 a w o m a n na m
.

ed B eig is T o d o f
L a n g Nydr ie w a s tried fo r s orcery a nd conde m
, , ,

, n ed t o t h e ,

s t a ke I t w a s s t a ted th a t i n the A u gu s t o f 1 5 94 she w ith her

s i s ter a nd s o m e other s m
.
, ,

et a nother p a rty o f w itche s a t De a n e

f u te o f L a ng Nyd r ie w here the de v i l a ppe a red to the m a nd
,

, ,

repro v ed B eig is T o d v ery sh a rply fo r her l o ng t a rry i ng She .

s a id , S ir I co u l d w in n a s oo n er
, T he y a l l p a s s ed together .

to B eig is s hou s e i n L a ng Nyd r ie w here a fter the y ha d d r u nk

, ,

toge t her a c e
rta i n sp a ce the y took a ca t a nd drew it nine ,
 T H E T RA GEDY O F T HE ERS K INES . 339

ti me hro u gh th e crnik or iro n o n w hich the pot w a s hu n g

s t ,

o ver t h e re ; a nd the n th ey w e n t w ith a ll s peed to S e a to u n

t hem t o the n orth o f t he g a t e T hor ns w ere a l w a y s fa v orite
meeti ng p l a c e s o f w itche s a nd spirits Whe n the y c a meto t he
.
,

t hor n the de v i l l e ft the mto fetch C ri s ti a n e T o d a s i s ter o f

.

a nd p a s s ed to R obert S m
, ,

B eig is a rt s ho u s e a n d bro u ght he

r
o u t ; a nd a s s he w a s co m i ng w ith hi mshe took a gre a t fr i ght
, ,

S ir w h a t w i ll yo u do w ith m
, ,

a n d s a id t o the de vi l , ,e w ho a n
sw e re d her t a k n a feir fo r y e s a ll ga n g to y o u r s ister B eig is
a n d t o the re s t o f h ir cu m a ni e qu ha a r s t a a n d u po n y o u r c u m
, , ,

p y
ing a t the thor n T he n the y a ll w e n t w ith S a t a n t o the iro n

.

ga te o f S e a tou n w here the y a g a i n t o o k a ca t a nd dre w it n i n e

ti m e s thro u gh the iro n g a te I m medi a te ly a fterw a rd t he y w e nt
, ,

t o a b a r n w here the y chri s te n ed the c a t a nd c a ll ed her M a r

ga r et T he y the n retu rn ed to Dea nefu t e w here th ey r s t m
, ,

. et , ,

a n d c a s t t he ca t to the e v i l o n e W e a r e no t to l d the object o f .

t he s e s tr a n ge proceedi n g s
T he y e a r 1 6 1 3 w a s re n dered re m
.

a rk a b l e in the a nna l s o f

S cott i sh s orcery b y t w o ver y e xtr a ordi na ry c a s e s o ne o f w hich ,

be l o nged t0 high l i fe Joh n Er s k ine l a ird o f Du n in the cou n

'

.
,

t y o f A ng u s a nd gr a nd s o n o f the ce l ebr a ted Jo hn Er ski n e w ho

,

h e l d the o f ce o f s u peri n te nde n t o f A n g us a n d M ea r n es a nd d is

t in g u is hed hi m s e l f b y his e x er t io n s i n su p p ort o f the R e f or m
,

t io n h a d t w o s o ns Da v id w h o i nherited the l ord s hip a n d R o b

, , , ,

er t , a nd three d a u ghter s H e l e n I s obe l a nd A nn e , Da v i d , , .

Er s ki n e t he e l der brother died y o u n g l e a vi ng t w o bo y s John

a n d A l e x a n der the for m er o f w ho mw a s a ck n o w l e d ged a s the
, , , ,

y o u n g l a ird R obert Er s ki n e a n d his three s i s t ers s ee mto h a v e

,

b ee n m
.

ore a tt a ched to o n e a nother th a n to their l a t e bro t her th e

s i s ter s e speci a lly s ee mto h a v e bee n w icke d w o m e n a n d no w
t h a t o n ly t w o c h i l dre n stood bet w ee n hi ma nd the heredit a ry
, ,

e s ta te s o f the fa m i ly t he y u rged their s u r vi vi n g brother to s ec u re

,

t h e l a ird ship a nd property b y o neo f tho s e bo l d b a d a ctio ns w hic h

W ere s o co m mo n in fe u d a l t i me s I t a ppe a rs th a t a di s pu te ha d .

a ri s e n re l a ti ng to t h e w a rd s hip o f t he chi l dre n a nd th a t R o bert ,

E rs k i n e w a s di s a ppoi nted a t n o t getti ng hi s n ephe w s i nto h is

o w n w a rd A bou t the m id su m mer o f 1 6 1 0 a meet ing b et w ee n
R obe r t a nd his three s i ster s took pl a ce in h is m
.
,

a ns io n o f L ogy

a nd it w a s re s o l v ed tha t t h e c hi l dre n o f w ho mo ne s ee m
,

s to ,

h a v e bee n on a v i s it to L ogy a nd t he other w a s r es iding w ith

his m othe r in M ontro s e sho u l d be c a rried o by po is o n w hich

mu st be prepa red a nd re ndered e ect u a l b y w itchcra ft T w o

, ,
'

r s w ho a ppe a r t o h a v e bee n the m

.

o f t he sist e ,
o st a cti ve in thi s
340 S O RC ERY A ND M A GIC .

d a ir , propos ed to o ne Da v id Bl ew ho u s e th a t he sho u l d nd a
'

w itch a n d s ee the w ork do n e w itho u t their direct i nt e r f ere nce ,

a nd i n r e tu rn fo r thi s s er vic e h e w a s to rec ei v e ve h u n d red

ma r k s o f s i l ver a n d a pie ce o f l a nd A n a gree ment t o thi s e ff ect
w a s dr a w n u p b u t fo r s o m
.

e re a s o n or other it w a s su b s equ e ntly

broke n o ff a nd the t w o s i s t er s A nn e a n d H e l e n d eter m
,

i ned t o
t a ke the m a t t er in h a n d the m
, , ,

s e l ve s T he y a ccordi n gly set o ff

t ogether a nd w e nt o v er the C a ir n e m
.

ou th to w a rd M u t e a il
- -

ho u s e to a notoriou s w itch na m ed J a net I r w ing fro mw hom

,

, ,

the y recei v ed a gre a t qu a ntity o f herb s w ith p a rtic u l a r d ir ec
t io ns ho w to u s e the m T h es e the y c a rried ho m
,

. e to L ogy b u t ,

R obert Er s k in e w a s no t s a t is ed th a t the y w ere s u f cie ntly p o w

er f u l fo r his p u r po s e a nd p a id a v i s it i n per s o n to t h e w itch
, ,

w ho took a w a y a l l hi s s cr u p l e s o n thi s he a d T he y no w pro

d ed to m
.

a ke thi s poi s o no u s dri nk a ccordi n g to the w itch s

c ee ,

directions a nd e ver yt hi ng bei ng re a d y R obert Er s ki n e rode

o v er t o M o ntro s e t a ki n g the boy w ho w a s w ith himho m
, ,

e t o his
bro ther a nd m oth er T here t he dri nk w a s s ecretly a d m
,

i nis
t er ed a n d t h e v i c ti m
.

s w ere s u dde nly p l u ng ed i n to dre a d fu l su f

f er i n g s a n d e x h ibited e very sy m pto mo f bei n g poi s o n ed till

,

they both died a n d s a w a s c r ew a ll ie a nd t r eso na b il ie m

, ,

ur

thoret to u s e the e xpre s s i v e w ord s o f the record T he m

,

ur

d er er s did no t l o n g e njo y the re su l t o f their cri m

.
,

e ; ho w t he
d i s co v er y w a s m a de i s n o t t o l d b u t it s ee m s prob a b l e th a t

O n the 3ot h o f No v e m
,

Da v id Bl ew ho u s e tu rn ed tr a itor ber
1 6 1 3 R ob ert Er s k i n e w a s bro u ght fo r e x a m
.
,

, i na tion be fore t he
S cotti s h pri vy co u n c i l a nd tho u gh h e de n ied a ll k no w l edge o f
the m d by m
,

u rder a t r st he e nd e a ki ng a fu ll co nf e s s io n The
co u r s e o f j u st ice w a s q u ick a t thi s ti m
.
,

e a nd he w a s behe a de d
o n the l s t o f Dece m
,

ber a t the M erc a t cro ss in Edi nb u rgh
H is s i s ter s s ee mto h a v e po s s e s s ed stro nger n er ve s fo r i n fa c e
.

o f hi s co n f e s s i o n a n d the e v ide nce o f Bl ew ho u s e a nd other w it

,

n e ss e s t h ey co n ti nu ed obd u r a te in a co n st a nt de ni a l T he y
'

, .

w ere no t bro u ght to a tri a l ti ll t h e 22 d o f J u ne 1 6 1 4 b u t the evi

de n ce a ga i ns t the mw a s so co n c l u s i v e th a t the y w ere a t o nce
, ,

fo u nd gu i l t y a nd t w o o f th emw ere l ike their brother b ehe a de d

,

T het hird obt a i n ed a re s pite fro mthe ki ng

,

a t the M erc a t cro s s

m
-

w h o su b s eq u e nt ly ch a n ged her p u n i sh m
.
,

e n t fro de a th t o p er
e t u a l b a n i s hm e n t
p
T he other S cott i sh t r a ged y o f the y e a r 1 6 1 3 w a s in s o m
.

e re
ct s o f a m m m
,

s e ore ro tic ch r cter d w e o n ly k n o w i t f r

p , a n a a a n ,
o
a cop y o f the record o f the tri a l s e nt to S ir W a l t er S cott Two .

brother s A rchib a l d a nd John De in l i ved in t he t o w n o f I r vine

, , ,
 M A RGA RET BARCLA Y . 34 1

of w h c i h t he y w ere bu rge ss e s ; the rst ha d m a rried a w o m an

na m ed J a ne t Ly a l w hi l e the w i fe o f A l e xa nder w a s M a rga ret Ba r

I t a ppe a r s th a t there w a s a q u a rre l bet w ee n the t w o fa m
, ,

cl a y

i l i s a a nd Joh n Dei n a nd his w i fe p u b l ic ly a cc u s ed M a rg a ret B a r

,

c l a y o f the ft M a rga ret B a rc l a y r a i s ed a n a ctio n o f s l a nder b e

.

f o r e t he chu rch cou rt w hich w a s di s ch a rged a nd the O ppo nents

, ,

d irec t ed t o be reco n c i l ed Bu t M a rg a ret did no t po s s e s s a co n

c il ia t i ng te m
.

per a n d she dec l a red th a t she o nly g a v e h er h a n d

in o b edie n c e to the k irk s e ss io n b u t th a t her a n i m
,

-
o s ity a ga i nst
,

J ohn Dei n a nd his spo u s e w a s u na b a ted S oo n a fter thi s occ u r .

r e nc e J oh n Dei n s s hip prep a red to s a i l fo r F r a n ce a n d he took

w ith hi mthe pro vo s t o f the b u rgh o f I r vi ne A n dre w T r a n w ho

, ,

, ,

w a s o ne o f t he o w ner s o f the v e s s e l A s the y w ere st a rti ng

M a rga ret B a rc l a y w a s he a rd to pr a y th a t s ea no r s a l t w a t er m
.
. ,

ight
n e v er be a r the ship a nd th a t p a rt a n s o r cr a b s m ight ea t the
c re w a t the botto mo f the s e
, , ,

a The r s t n e w s o f the s hip w hich

r e a ched I r v i n e c a m e b y a w a nderi ng j u ggl er n a m
.

, ed John S te w
art w ho c a ll ed a t t heho u s e o f the pro v o st a nd dropped bro a d
h ints th a t he k n e w b y s o m e m y s terio u s m
, ,

e a n s th a t the v e s s e l
w a s l o st a nd th a t the pro v o s t hi m s e l f ha d peri shed A ft er a
s hort period o f a nx iety in the pro vo s t s fa m
.
,

i ly a ll dou bt w a s r e

mo ved by the a rri va l o f t w o o f the cre w w ho sta ted t ha t their

,

s h ip ha d bee n w recked o n the c o a st o f E n g l a n d n e a r P a d s to w ,

a nd th a t the y w ere the s o l e s u r v i v or s o f a ll w ho w ere o n bo a rd

Peop l e re m em bered M a rga ret B a rc l a y s i m
.

prec a tio ns a nd su sp i

c io ns o f s orcery w ere i m media te ly e xcited a ga i ns t her a nd John

,

S t ew a rt w ho s e k no w l edge o f the s t a te o f the ship s ee m

,
ed s o
ex tr a ordi n a ry .

M a rga ret B a rc l a y a ppe a rs to h a ve bee n n o fa vorite in the to w n

o f I r v i n e a nd proceedi n g s w ere co m
,
men ced in a w a y mo s t l ike
l y to tu rn t o her co nfu s io n T he w a nd eri n g j u ggl er w a s rs t
a rre s te d a nd f e a r or tortu re w r u n g fro mhima co nf e s s io n in
.

w h ich b e c l e a red hi m s e l f b y s erio u sly co m pro m

, ,

i sing the other

er s o n s u s pected H e s a id th a t M a rg a r e t B a rc l a y pre su m i n g
p
a p s o n his ch a r a cter o f a j u ggl er ha d a pp l i ed t o h i mt o te a c h
.
,

p erh
her s o me m in ord er th a t she m
,

a gic a rt s ight get ge a r k y e s
mi l k l ove o f ma n her he a rt s de s ire o n su ch persons a s ha d done
, ,

her w ro ng a nd na lly t h a t sh e m
, ,

,
ight obta in t h e fru it o f s ea a nd

l a nd H e rep l ied th a t he n e ither po s s e s s ed s u c h a rt s no r w a s
a b l e to co m mu n ic a te the mto oth ers a nd th u s the ma tter e nd ed
.
,

, .

B u t he s a id th a t su b s eq u e nt to thi s a nd sho r t ly a ft er t he ship s et

sa i l h e c a m
,

e a ccide nt a lly o ne n ight to M a rga ret s hou s e a nd

t h er e he fo u nd her w ith t w o o t her w o m en m

, ,

a ki ng c l a y fi u re s
g ,
"
29
342 S ORCERY A ND MA GI C .

o neo f w hich w a s m a d e h a nd s o m e a nd w ith fa ir ha ir b esu pp o s ed

T h e y proc eeded t o m
,

t o repre s e nt P ro v o s t T r a n a k e a u re
.
g
o f a s hi p in c l a y a nd w hi l e the y w ere th u s occ u pied the de vil

a ppe a red i n t he s h a pe o f a h a n d s o m
, ,

e b l a ck l a p d o g W he n t he -

s hip w a s m
.

a de the w ho l e p a rty S a ta n a n d a ll l e ft the ho u s e t o

gether a nd w e nt i nto a n e m
, , ,

,
pt y w a s te ho u s e n e a r the s e a port .

T he y a fter w a rd proceeded to the s e a s ide a nd c a s t in the gu re s

en a nd i m medi a tely the m
,

o f c l a y repre s e n ti n g the s hip a n d the

a r a ged ro a red a n d bec a m e red l ike the j u ic e o f m

,

se a dder in a

d y er s c a ldro n M a rg a ret B a rc l a y s fe m
, ,

a l e a cqu a i nta n c e s w ere

n e x t co nve ned a nd w he n John S te w a rt w a s i ntrod u ced t o the m

.

he a t o nce xed u po n a n o ld w o m a n na m
, ,

ed I nsh a s o ne o f the
s o n s e n g a ged i n m s w om
,

er a k i n g the gu re s T hi a n s to u tly
p
d e n ied a l l k no w l edge o f t h e m
.

a t ter a n d sa id s he n e v er sa w her

a cc u s er be fore ; b u t the m
,

a gi s tr a te s no w bro u ght f or w a rd her

o w n d a u ghter a gir l o nly eight y e a r s o l d w ho l i ved in M a r a ret

g
B a rc l a y s ho u s e a s a s er va nt a nd w ho ha d bee n m a de b y s o m
, ,

e
me a ns o r other to dec l a re th a t she ha d bee n a w itne s s t o t he
,

s ce ne de s cribed b y the j u ggl er a n d th a t her m other w a s o ne o f

the per s o ns e n ga ged in it T hi s l itt l e girl i m
,

. pro ved u po n t he
det a i l s gi v e n by S t ew a rt ; she de s cribed other pers o n s a s bei ng
pre se nt a dded a b l a ck m a n to the b l a ck dog a nd s a id th a t the

l a tter bre a thed a m e s fro mit s j a w s a nd no stri l s w h ich i ll u m

, ,

i na
ted the w itche s d u ri ng the perfor m
,

a n ce o f the spe ll S he s a id
th a t the y ha d pro m
.

i s ed her a p a ir o f n ew s hoe s to keep th e s e

cret a nd th a t her m ot her I sobe l I nsh re m a i n ed in the w a s te

ho u s e a nd w a s no t pre s e nt w he n the i m
, , ,

, a ge s w ere thro w n i nt o

the s ea
Joh n S te w a rt n o w u nder w e nt a new e x a m
.

i na tio n a nd a dde d
to his o w n s tor y s o a s to m
,

a ke it a gree w ith th a t o f the chi l d

W he n a s ked ho w he ga i ned th e k n o w l edge o f thi ngs t o co m

.

e ,

he tol d a s t r a ng e s t o r y o f h is a d v e ntu re s w ith the fa iri e s ; it w a s

prob a bly a ta l e he ha d be en a cc u sto m ed to reco u nt a m o ng the
peopl e w here he v i s it ed in the e x erci s e o f his cr a ft to gi v e him
s elf i m port a n ce in th eir e y e s a n d w hich he n o w h a l f u nc o n ,
-

s c io u s l repe ted be f ore h i j d ge H e t ted th t bo t t w e n

y a s u s s a a a u
.

t y s ix y e a r s be fore a s he w a s tr a v e ll i n g o n the n ight o f A ll ha l

-
,
-

l o w s eve bet w ee n t he to w ns o f M o nyg o if a nd C l a r y in

the co u nt y o f G a l w a y (in I r el a nd ) he m
, ,

et w ith the k i ng o f the

fa ir i e s a nd hi s c o m a n d t h ek i ng s tr u ck hi m
,

p yan o v er the f oreh e ad

w ith a w hite r o d w hic h depri v ed hi m

,

o f the po w er o f s peech a nd

the u s e o f o ne e y e A ft er re m
,

a i n i ng in thi s co nditio n d u ri ng

three y e a rs his s peech a nd e ye s i ght w ere re stored t o h imb y

.

,
 M ARGARET B A RCLA Y . 343

t he k ing of the fa irie s a nd his co m p a ny w h omhe a ga i n m et o n

a H a ll o w e e n n ight n e a r Du b l i n s i nce w hich ti m
,

e he ha d b ee n
,

i n the h a bit o f joi ni ng the s e peop l e e ver y S a tu rd a y a t s e v e n

o c l oc k in the e v e n i ng a nd re m a i ni n g w ith the ma ll th a t n i ht

g
T he y l ike w i s e m et e ver y H a ll o w tid e s o m eti m
, .

e s o n L a n a rk
hi ll o r a s S cott s u ppo s e s T int o ck a nd s o m eti m es on K il m
,

a u rs

hi ll w he n he w a s t a u ght b y the m S te w a rt poi nted o u t the s pot

, , , ,

o n his f orehe a d w here the ki ng o f the fa irie s s tru ck hi mw ith a

.
,
'

w hite rod w here u po n a ft er he ha d bee n b l i n d fo l ded b y order o f

t he m a gi s tr a te s a n d m i ni s ter s w ho w ere di r ec t i ng the e xa m
, ,

i na
tio n th e y pricked the spot w ith a l a rge p in o f w h ich he a ppe a red
H e repe a ted the n a m es o f m
, ,

t o b e qu ite i n s e n s ib l e a n y pe r s o n s

w ho mhe ha d s ee n a t the co u rt o f fa erie a nd dec l a red th a t a ll

.

er o ns w ho w ere t a k e n a w a y b y s u dde n de a th w e nt t hither

p s

A fter the s e conf e s s io n s I s obe l I ns h w a s m

.

, ore h a rd ly pre ss e d

to te ll the t r u t h a nd a t l e n gth she co n fe s s ed th a t s hew a s pre s
en t a t the m a ki n g a n d dro w n i n g o f t he c l a y i m
,

a ge s b u t d ec l a red

th a t she took no p a rt in the proceedi ng s S he w a s a t thi s m

,

me nt in su ch a sta te o f mi nd th a t she e vide ntly kn e w no t w h a t

.

sh e w a s doi n g a nd sh e su pp l ic a ted her j a i l er B a i l i e Du nl op to

l et her go pro m i s i ng hi m fo r he a l s o w a s a m
, , ,

a ri ner th a t if he

did s o he s ho u l d n e ver m
, , ,

a ke a b a d v o y a ge b u t h a v e s u cce s s in

a l l h is de a l i n g s b y s ea a nd l a nd a pro m
, ,

i s e th a t w a s e a s i ly co n
d i nto a n a ck no w l ed gm
,

st r u e e n t th a t she po s s e s s ed the po w er s
a ttrib u ted t o her B e fore she w a s c o nd u cted b a ck t o her pri s o n
i n the be l fry she w a s m a de to pro m
.

i s e th a t she w o u l d f u lly co n
f e s s n e x t d a y b u t in the n ight she m a de a de s per a te a tte m
,

, pt a t
es c a pe A l tho u gh s ec u r ed w ith iro n bo l t s l ock s a nd fetter s she
.
, , ,

s u cceeded i n getti n g ou t a t a b a ck w i ndo w a nd re a ched the roo f ,

o f the ch u rch fo r here s he l o s t her fo oti n g a n d fe ll to the gro u n d

S he w a s s o m
.
,

u ch h u rt a n d br u i s ed th a t s he s u r v i ved b u t v e

d a y s du ri n g w hich t i m
,

e sh e re s ol u te ly per s i s ted in a s s erti ng her

i nn oc e n ce a n d de n ied a ll th a t s heha d b efo re a d m
,

, itted I n s pite .

o f the e vide nt c a u s e s o f her de a th t he i n h a bit a nt s o f I r vi n e a t ,

t rib u ted it to poi s o n

A co m mi ss io n w a s no w gra nted fo r the tri a l o f Joh n S te w a rt
.

a nd M a rg a ret B a rc l a y a n d w he n the a pp o i nted d a y a rri v ed

, ,

M y l ord a nd e a rl o f Egl int o u ne ( w ho d w ell s w ithi n the sp a c e
o f o ne m i l e to the s a id b u rgh ) h a v i n g co m e to the s a id bu r gh a t
the e a rne s t requ est o f the s a id j u s tice s fo r g iv ing t o the mo f h is

l ord s hip s co u nt e na n ce co n c u rre nce a nd a s s i s t a n c e in try i ng

o f th e f ore s a id de v i l i sh pr a ctice s co n for m

, , ,

a b l e to the te nor o f t he

for esa id co m mi ss ion the sa id J ohn Sfew a r t for his b etter pre
,

, ,
344 S ORCERY AND MAGI C .

s e r vi n g to y t he d a
i e in aofs u r e l
a ss z o e
k fa st bw as
o o t h p u t -

m m m
, ,

w here no a nn er o f per s o n ight h a ve a cce s s to hi ti ll t h e

d o w n sitti ng o f the j u s tice co u rt ; a n d fo r a v oidi n g o f pu tti ng
- ' -

m
h a nd s o n hi s e l f, he w a s v ery st ric t ly gu a rded , a n d fettered b y
m
t he a r s a s u s e is , A nd u pon th a t s a e d a y o f the a s s i z e , a bo u t
. m
h a l f a n hou r be fore the do w n s itti ng o f the j u s tic e co u rt , M r - -

m m
.

Da vid Dick s o n , i ni ster a t I rvi ne , a n d M r G eorge Du nb a r , in

m m
.

i s te r o f A yr , h a v i ng go ne t o hi to e xhort hi t o c a ll o n h is
G o d fo r m
erc y fo r his by go ne w icked a nd e vi l l i fe , a nd t h a t G o d
w o u l d o f his i nnite m
erc y l oo s e hi o u t o f t he b o nd s o f the m
d e v i l , w ho m
he ha d s er ved th e s e a ny y e a r s b y gon e , he a cqu i m
es ced in their pra y er a nd god ly e xhort a tion , a n d u ttered the s e
w ord s , I a m
s o s t r a itly g u a rd ed , th a t it l ie s no t in
y po w er t o m
get m h a nd to t a ke o m bo et o r to get bre a d to m mo th
'

y y n n n u y
A nd i m medi a t e ly a fter the dep a rtu re o f the t w o n s s mi i t er f ro m
.
,

him the j u ggl er bei ng s e n t fo r a t the de s ire o f o my l ord f E g

l int o u ne to be co nfro nted w ith a w o m
, ,

a n o f the b u rg h o f A y r

c a ll ed J a n et B o u s w ho w a s a pprehe nded b y the m

, ,

,
a gi str a te s o f

t he b u rgh o f A yr fo r w itchcr a ft a nd s e nt to the bu rgh o f I r v i n e ,

rpo e ly f t h t f f ir he w f o d b y the b rgh o i c er s w ho

p u s o r a a a a s u n u

w e n t a bo u t him s tr a ngl ed a nd b a n g ed b y the crnik o f the door

, ,

w ith a t a i t o r s tri ng o f he m
, ,

, p s u ppo s ed to h a v e bee n h is ga r ter

, ,

o r s tri n g o f h is bo nn et no t a bo v e the l e n gt h o f t w o s p a n l o n g

his k nee s no t bei n g fro mthe gro u nd h a l f a s p a n a nd w a s bro u gh t

, ,

o u t o f the ho u s e h is l i f e n o t bei n g tot a lly e xp e ll ed Bu t no t

w ith s t a n di ng o f w h a t s oe v er m e a ns u s ed in the co nt r a ry fo r r em
.
,

eid o f his l i f e b e re v i v ed no t b u t so e n ded h is l i fe m i s era b ly b y

the he l p o f the de vil his ma s ter
, , ,

M a rga ret B a rc l a y w a s the o nly o n e w ho no w re m

.

a in ed fo r

tri a l a nd it w a s deter m i n ed to proceed w ith her a t o nce l e s t sh e

sho u l d fo ll o w the e x a m
, ,

p l e o f t he other s T here fore a n d fo r .

,

e s che w i n g o f the l ike in the per s o n o f the s a id M a rga ret o u r

s o v ereign l ord s j u s ti ce in t h a t p a rt con s tit u ted b y co m mi s sio n
,

a fter s o l e m
, ,

n de l iber a tio n a nd a d v ic e o f the sa id n ob l e l ord w ho s e ,

con c u rre nce a n d a d vi ce w a s chiey requ ired a n d t a ke n in t hi s

ma tter co nc l u ded w ith a ll po ss ibl e di l ige n ce be fore t he do w n
, ,

s itti ng o f the j u s t ice co u rt to u t the s a id M a r g a ret t o tor t u re ;

p
i n re s pect the de v i l b y G od s p er m i s s io n h a d m
,

a de her a ss o

, ,

c i a te s w ho w ere the l i g ht s o f the c a u s e to be their o w n b u r

, ,

r io es y
[ e ec u tio n er s
] T he s ed the tort u re u n der w ritte n a s

x u

b ei ng m
.

o s t s a fe a nd ge ntl e (a s the s a id nob l e l ord a s su red t he

s a id j u s tice s b y p u tti ng o f her t w o b a re l eg s in a p a ir o f s tock s
) , ,

a nd there a fter b y ou l a iri

y g o f cert a i n iro n
-
g a u d s
[ b ]
a rs s e v e r a ll y
 TH E ST O RY O F M A R GA RET B A R C LA Y . 345

o ne b y o ne, a nd g m
th en e k i ng e a nd a u
nti ng the w ei ght b y l a y i n g

on m ore ga u d s a n d in ea s mg o f her b y o ff t a ki n g o f the iro n -

g a u d s o ne o r m
,

ore a s oc c a s io n o ff ered w hich iron g a u d s w er e ,

b u t l ittl e s hort g a u d s a nd broke n o t the s ki n o f her l eg s

, A fter .

u s i n g o f the w hich ki nd o f ge n tl e tortu re the s a id M a r g a ret b e ,

a n a ccordi n g to the i ncre a s e o f t he p a i n to cr y a n d cr a v e fo r

g , ,

G od s c a u s e to t a k e o ff her shi n s the fo re s a id iro n s a n d sh e

w o u l d dec l a re tru ly t he w ho l e m W hich bei ng re m

,

a t t er o ved
s h e beg a n a t her for m
.
,

er de n i a l ; a nd bei ng o f n ew a rr a y ed in t o r
t u re a s o f be fore she the n u ttered the s e w ord s : T a ke o ff ta k e
a n d be f ore G o d I s h a l l s ho w yo u t h e w ho l e for m
,

o ff A n d the

!
s a id iro n s bei n g o f n ew u po n her f a ith fu l p r o m i s e re mo v ed sh e
t he n de s ired m
, , ,

l ord o f E l in t o u n e the s a id fo u r j u s tice s a n d

y g
t h e s a id M r Da v id Dick s o n m
,
, ,

in i s ter a t t h e b u rgh M r G eorge

Du n b a r m i n i ster o f A yr a nd M r M itche l l W a ll a c e m
.
, ,
.

i nis ter o f
K ilm M r John C u n n i n gha m e m
, , .
,

a r nock i n i s ter o f Da l ry a nd
H u gh K e nned y pro v o s t o f A yr t o c o m e by the m
, ,
.
,

s e l v e s a nd to

re m
, , ,

o v e a ll others a n d she sho u l d de cl a re tr u ly a s she sho u l d

a ns w er to G o d t he w ho l e m
,

a tter W ho s e de s ire in th a t be i ng
f u l ll ed w itho u t a ny ki n d o f de m
.

a n d f ree ly w itho u t i n terrog a

t io n G od s n a m
, , ,

,
e by e a r ne s t pr a y er bei ng c a ll ed u pon fo r ope n

i ng o f her l ip s a n d e a s i ng o f her he a rt th a t she b y re n d eri n g o f

the tr u t h m ight g lori fy a nd m a g n i fy hi s ho ly na m
, , ,

e a nd di s a ppoi nt
t he e n e m
, ,

y o f her s a l v a tio n
M a rg a ret B a rc l a y s co nfe s s ion w a s a m ere a ck no w l e d gm
.

e nt
o f t he t r u t h o f w h a t ha d bee n s a id b y the other s b u t s h ed ec l a re d ,

th a t her p u rp o s e w a s t o ki ll n on e b u t her brother in l a w a n d Pr o - -

v o s t T ra n To m a ke u
p the n u m ber o f per s o n s pret en d ed t o

h a v e be en pre s e nt a t the m a ki n g o f the i m

.

a ge s s he i nt r od u ced

t he n a m e o f a n other w o m
,

a n o f I r v i ne I s o be l C r a w fo rd ; w ho ,

w a s there u po n a rre sted a nd in gre a t terr o r co n fe ss ed it a l l

,
Bu t .

w he n the y proceeded w ith the tri a l A l e x a n der Dei n the h u s b a n d , ,

o f M a rg a ret B a rc l a y a ppe a red i n co u rt w ith a l a w y er t o a ct in

,

her de fe nce a n d she w a s a sk ed b y the l a w y er i f she w i s hed to

be de fe nded t o w hic h she m
,

, a de a n s w er : A s yo u p l e a s e ; b u t
a ll I h a ve co nfe s s ed w a s i n a go n y o f tort u re a nd b efore G o d a l l , ,
,

I h a v e s poke n i s fa l s e a n d u n tr u e a ddi n g p a the t ic a l ly Ye
h a ve bee n t o o l o ng in co m T h ej u r y w ere u nm
,

i ng . o v ed by t hi s
a ppe a l ; i t w a s co ns idere d t h a t a s t h e iro n b a r s w ere o her l eg s
'

a t t he m om e n t o f her ma ki ng the co n fe s s io n it c o u l d no t be s a i d
,

to be m a de u nd er co m p u l s io n a nd s he w a s u na n i m
,

,
o u s ly fo u n d
gu i l ty A fter her s e nte n ce w a s p a s s ed she retu r ned to her co n
fess io n i n u e nced perh a p s b y the hO p e in s o m
.
,

, e w a y or other o f
346 S ORC ERY A ND M AGIC .

bet ter tre a t m e nt S hew a s st r a ngl ed a t the s ta k e a nd th en b u r nt

.

,

to a she s .

B efore her de a th M a rg a ret B a rc l a y ha d e ntre a te d e a r ne stly

fo r I s obe l C r a w ford t he w o m an im
,

p l ic a te d in her c o nfe s s ion

th a t no i nj u r y sho u l d be do ne to her b u t in v a i n A n ew co m
, ,

mi s s ion w a s obt a i ned fo r her tri a l a n d a s s hew a s no w obsti na te

, .

i n her de n i a l the s a m
, ,

e tortu re w a s a ppl ied t o her a nd w ith t he

sa m e e ff ect S he m
, ,

a de a n ew co nfe s s io n a ck n o w l e d ged e v e r y

t hi ng th a t w a s i m
.
,

p u ted t o her a nd a vo w ed th a t she ha d l i v ed in

,

i nt erco u r s e w ith the e vi l o ne fo r s ev er a l y e a rs : B u t w he n her

s e n te n c e w a s p a s s ed shea g a i n d en ied a l l th a t s heh a d co nfe ss ed
, ,

a nd per s i s ted i n her d e n i a l to t he l a s t

I t a ppe a r s to h a v e be en a m ere q u a rrel a m

.
o

o n g the w i ve s of
the b u rgher s o f I r v in e w hi ch l ed to thi s t r a gic a l co n c l u s io n The .

s i n u l a r ly d et a i l ed report o f t h e procee d i n g s o f the tri a l w hich

g
w a s p u b l i shed b y S ir W a l ter S cott fu r ni s he s a m o s t re m
,

a rk a b l e

i ll u str a t io n o f the m
,

a nn er in w hi ch th ey w ere cond u cted We .

n o w ret u r n to the regi s t er s pu b l i s hed b y M r P itc a irn fo r a few

e xa m
.

p l e s i llu s tr a ti ve o f the ch a r a cter o f the S cotti sh w itche s o f

thi s period T h ey s ho w u s no t o nly ho w ge n er a lly the s e w e ird
w om en w ere e m
.

pl oy ed to c u re di s e a s e s b u t the p a rtic u l a r ch a r
a c t er o f t heir r em
,

edie s .

M a rga ret Wa ll a c e the w i fe o f a b u rge s s o f G l a s go w w a s tried

T he p a rtic u l a r cri m
, ,

fo r s orcery o n the 2 0t h o f M a rch 1 622 ,

e
.

fo r w hi c h sh e w a s b ro u ght i nto co u rt w a s the be w itchi n g o f a

b u rge s s o f the s a m e to w n n a m ed C u thbert G reg a cooper w ho , ,

h a d e x ci t ed her de a d ly h a tre d by p u b l ic ly c a ll i ng her a w itch

I t w a s d epo s ed th a t she ha d be en he a rd to thre a te n th a t s he

w ou ld m a k e hi mw ithi n a f ew d a y s u na b l e to e a r n a c a ke o f

bre a d b y his w ork S h o rtly a fter thi s he fe ll i nto s ick n e s s a nd

e xt r em
.
,

e debi l ity H is fri en d s w ere con vi nced th a t M a rga ret

.

W a ll a c e w a s the c a u s e o f thi s v i si t a tion a n d the y w e nt t o her to

beg her to r es tore h i mto hi s he a l t h A fter m ma l ic iou s r e
,

a ny

f u s a l s sh e y i el d ed to their req u e st a nd w e nt w ith the mto his

.

ho u s e w here she took h i mby the sha k el [ w ris t bo n e ] w ith

, ,
-
,

o n e h a nd a n d l a id the oth er h a n d u po n h i s bre a s t a n d w itho u t

o n e w ord s pe a ki n g s a v e o n ly b y m o v i ng o f her l ip s p a s s ed fro m

, ,

h i ma t th a t i ns t a nt ; a nd U po n the m
, ,

or n t here a fter re t u r n i ng b a ck
a g a i n to the s a i d C u thbert s he took himb y the a r ma nd b a de
,

h ima ri s e w ho a t th a t ti m
,

e a nd ftee n d a y s be fore w a s n o t a b l e
to l i ft h is l egs w ithou t he l p y et sh e h a vi n g u rged himto r is e
,

a n d t a ki n g himb y the h a nd a s s a id i s bro u ght himo u t of his

, ,

bed a nd there a fter l ed hima b ou t the hou s e ; w ho i m medi a te ly

, ,

,
 M ARGA RET W A LLA C E .
347

th ere a fter b y her s orcery a nd ch a r m

, i n g pr a ct is ed u pon him ,

w a l ked u p a nd do w n the oor w itho u t he l p or su pport o f a ny ;

a nd f ro mth a t ti m
,

e qu i ck ly reco v ered a nd co nva l e s ced o f the fo r

mer gri e vo u s di s e a s e

M a rg a ret W a ll a ce ha d for m erly bee n i nti m a te w ith a w o m

.

an

o f G l a s go w n a m ed C ri s ti a ne G r a h a m e w ho w a s b u r nt thre e
y e a r s be fore a s a notorio u s w itch a nd the y s ee mto h a v e bee n
,

in the h a bit o f a ss i s ti n g o n e a n other O n o n e occ a s io n w he n

the ch il d o f o n eo f her n eighbor s w a s t a k e n i ll shereco m me nded
.
,

G ra ha m e to be s e nt fo r a nd o n a n obj ectio n be i n g m
,

a de s he

s ti a n e G r a h a m u l d do a s m
, , ,

p rote s ted C ri e co ick l e i n th a t err a n d

in c u ri ng o f th a t di s e a s e a s i f G od hi m s el f w o u l d co m
,
e ou t o f
he a ve n a nd c u re her ; a n d a l beit the de a th stroke w ere l a id o n -
,

she c o u l d t a k e it o ff a g a i n ; a nd w itho u t her he l p there co u l d be

n o re m

ed y to the b a irn S he fu rthe r sho w ed her co nde nce i n
the he a l i ng po w er s o f thi s w o m
.

a n b y s e n di ng fo r her w he n s h e

w a s in w a n t her s e l f A w om an m a de the fo ll o w i ng d epo s itio n

I t a ppe a red th a t a m a n na m
.

ed R obert S te w a rt w e n t w ith M a rga

ret W a ll a ce to a n i nn i n G l a s go w kept b y o ne A l e xa nder V a l
l a nge w here thi s depo ne nt w a s s er v a nt a n d a s she s a id th ey
, , , ,

there c a ll ed fo r a ch0p p ine o f a l e w h ich w a s bro u ght b y a bo y

t o the m n a m ed J a m e s S yms o ne; a nd in d r i nki ng thereo f b e
,

, ,

t w i x t R obert S te w a rt his t a ki ng the cu p a n d o ff eri ng it to M a r

a ret W a ll a ce t he s a id M a rg a ret t ook a s u dde n br a s che o f s ic k

g ,

n e s s u nk no w n to the depo n e nt w h a t s ick n e s s it w a s w herei n

the s a id M a rg a ret w a s so e x tr e m
, ,

e ly h a nd l ed th a t she w a s l ike ly
t o ri v e her s e l f

I n her co nv u l s io ns s hecried B ri n g m ehi t her
my d e a r bird ! M a rga ret M o nt go mer ie t he good w i fe o f the
.
,
-
'

h o u s e w ho w a s pre s e nt a nd w ho i m
,

,
a gi n ed th a t sh e w a s c a ll i n g
,

fo r her h u s b a n d s a id W h a t de a r bird w o u l d y u h e o a v ? I be
l ie v e he is n o t a t ho m
, ,

e
Na a ns w ered M a rga ret W a ll a ce

bri ng m e C ri s ti a n e G r a h a m e m
.
, ,

de r bird A l l t hi s w hi l e
y a

M a rg a ret M o nt g o m
,

er ie w a s ho l di n g her b y the o n e h a nd a nd ,

C ri s ti a n e M C l a u chl a ne b y the other

T here a fter a t her de s ire .
, ,

Robert S te w a rt p a st a nd w ith gre a t di l ige n ce bro u ght C ri s ti a n e

G ra h a m e to her a t w h o s e su dde n co m i n g M a rg a r et M o n t g o m
,

erie s a i d to R obert S te w a rt : Je s u s s a ve u s I be l ie v e tho u h a s t

met her by the w a y ! A nd C ri sti a ne G ra h a me a nsw ered F a ith

he m et m e no t b u t c a m e a n d bro u ght m e o u t of m am
,

y o w n ch
b er ; a n d fr a I he a rd t ha t m w a s s a d is ea s ed I s ped m
,

y bird e
S a y s there a f t er th a t C ri s ti a n e G r a h a m
,

hither
e took M a rga re t
W a ll a c e b y the sha k el bo n e a nd ki s t her ; a nd in her a r m
.
, ,

- s
,

ca r ri e d her d o w n the s ta ir s s a y i n g to her nothi ng sho u l d a il

, ,
343 soncs nv A ND M AGIC .

her Another w itne ss a chi r u rgeo n na m

.

ed Andro M u r e w ho
, ,

,

depo s ed re l a ti ng t o the c u re o f o ne M a r ga ret M u re re v e a l s a l ittle

gl i m p s e o f S cotti sh ch a r a cter T hi s m
,

a n s a id H e k no w s
n othi ng o f M a rg a ret M u re s s ick n e s s e x cept th a t he hi m
.

s e lf

co m i ng do w n the bri d ge g a te he s a w C ri sti a ne G r a h a m e co m

,

-
e
w ho there a fter c a m
,

forth o f M a r io u n M u re s ho u s e e t o t he d e

po ne n t a nd de s ired himto ga ng in t o the sa id M a r io u n ; a nd

,

the depo n e nt a t her de s ire h a v ing p a ss ed i nto t he ho u s e a t his

i nco m
, , ,

i ng a ro a st ed hen w a s s et do w n o n the bo a rd ; a nd th e de
pone nt w ith Da vid S c heir a r a nd the s a id M a r io u n M u r e sat
, ,

d o w n a t the bo a rd t ogether ; a nd w ith i n a short sp a ce there a fter

M a rg a ret W a ll a ce c a m e in to the m dec l a re s a t M a rg a ret W a l
,

l a ce s i n co m
,

i n g a goo s e w a s s et do w n o n the bo a rd ; a nd the de
po n e nt perce i vi ng th a t su c h e nterta i n m e nt w ou l d d r a w hi mt o
,

ch a rge s he p a id his ch0 pp in e o f w i ne a nd c a m

,

e his w a y a nd
l e ft the re s t o f the co m p a ny behi n d him; a nd fu rther he k no w s
, ,

no t
mp ee mto h a v e bee n t a k e n in thi s w o m
.

So e a n s de f e nce

i a ns s ,

a n d the w ors t a c c u s a tio n a g a i ns t her a ppe a r s t o h a v e bee n her

a cq u a i nt a n ce w ith C ri s ti a ne G r a h a m e ; b u t the j u ry bro u ght her
i n gu i l ty a nd sh e w a s s tr a n gl ed a nd b u r nt
I n the M a y o f 1 62 3 a w o m a n na m ed I sobe l H a l d a n e m
, .

, a de a

vo l u nt a r y co nfe s s io n a t the s e s s io ns a t P erth in w hich she
de s cribed the m
,

a nn er in w hich s he c u red di s e a s e s chie y by

the u s e o f cro s s e s a nd ch a r m
,

s su ch a s tho s e fo u nd i n t he o l d

medic a l ma nu s cripts B ei n g a sked if she ha d a ny conversa tion

.

w ith the f a ir y fo l k s he s a id th a t t en y e a rs be fore w hi l e s h ew a s

, ,

ly i ng in her bed s he w a s t a k e n forth s he k n e w no t ho w a nd

, ,

w a s c a rried to a hi ll s ide w h ich ope n ed a nd s he w e n t in a nd

-

r em r e t hr ee d a y s fro mT h u r s d a y t o S u nd a y a t n oo n
, ,

a i n e d t he
'

S he m et a m
, .

a n w ith a gr a y be a rd w ho bro u ght her forth a g a i n

T hi s m re s e m b l i ng the T ho m
, .

a n w ith the gr a y be a rd e R eid o f

a for m er s tory w a s the per son fro mw ho mshe recei v ed her
,

k no w l edge o f hidde n th ings a nd w ho i m

,

p a rt ed to her t he a r t by
S h e o fte n de l i v ered peop l e fro m
,

w hich s he w orked her c u re s .

the w itchcr a ft o f other s O n e P a trick R u th v e n a c kno w l edged

th a t he ha d bee n be w itche d a nd th a t I sobe l h a d c u red him
.

S he c a m e i nto the bed a n d stretched her s e l f a bo v e h imher

, .

he a d to his he a d her h a nd s o ver him a nd so forth m u m

, ,

b l i ng
so m I s obe l s ee m
, , ,

e w ord s he k ne w no t w h a t the y w ere s to
h a v e bee n fa m
.
,

ou s fo r c u ri ng b a ir ns S he co nfe ss ed th a t fo r
thi s p u rpo s e she m a de three s e v er a l c a k e s e ve r y o n e o f the m
.
,

o f n i ne h a ndfu l s of m e a l obta ined fro mn i ne w o m

, ,

en t h a t w er e
 DEATH OF T HOM A S GREAVE . 349

mr ied mide
a r a n s , a nd th a t s he
ho l e in the cro w n o f mde a a

ev er y o ne o f the ma n d pu t a b a irn thro u gh it three ti m e s in t he

na m
, ,

e o f F a ther S on a nd H o ly G ho st
A m a n na m ed Thom
, , .

a s G re a v e w a s b u rnt a t the begi nn i n g o f

A u gu s t 1 62 3 H e w a s a cc u s ed o f c a u s i ng s ick ne s s in so m e
s c u re s w ere per for m
.
,

eop l e a nd c u ri n g it i n other s H i ed w ith

p , .

cr o s s e s a nd s igns a n d b y w a s hi ng the p a tie nt s s a rk or s h irt

in t he w a ter o f a so u th ru nn i n g s tre a mo r w ith w a ter fromthe

, , ,
-

H e s om eti m
,

h o ly w e ll e s p a ss ed his p a tie nt s throu gh a h a sp

H e took o ne w o m a n s s ick n e s s f ro m
.

o f y a rn her a nd p u t it o n

I te m a bo u t M a r ti nm 1 62 1 El speth T h o m
,
.

a co w as es o ne
s i ster t o Joh n T ho m
.
, , , ,

eso ne portio ner of Pet w a r bei n g v i s ited

w ith a grie vou s s ick ne ss the s a id T ho m a s ca m
, ,

e t o her ho u s e i n
C o r a chi e w here a fter s i ghi n g a nd grippi n g o f her he pro m
,

, , ,

is ed t o c u re her thereo f ; a nd fo r thi s e ff ect c a ll ed for her sa rk

n e a re s t f rie n d s to g o w ith himl ike a s
,

a n d de s ired t w o o f her

J ohn a nd W i ll i a mT ho m
,

es o ne her brother s bei ng s e nt fo r p a s t

w ith t he sa id T ho m a s in the n ight s e a s on fro m
, , ,

C o r a chieto w a rd
B u r l e y b y the sp a c e o f t w e l v e m
,

,
i l e s a nd enj oyned the t w o ,

b r o ther s no t t o s pe a k a w ord a ll the w a y ; a nd w h a te v er the y

h e a r d or sa w n o w a y s t o be a fr a id s a y i ng to the m it m ight b e
t ha t the y w o u l d he a r gre a t ru m
.
, , ,

b l i ng a nd su ch u nco u th a n d fe a r
f u l a pp a ri t ion s b u t nothi n g sho u l d a nno y t he m A n d a t the
,

, .

f ord b y Ea s t Bu rl e y in a s ou th ru nni ng w a ter he there w a s hed -

t he s a rk ; d u ri ng the ti m
, ,

e o f the w h ich w a shi ng o f th e sa rk

t her e w a s a g re a t n oi s e m
\ ,

a de b y fo w l s or the lyl l be a st s th a t

A nd co m i n g ho m
, ,

a r o s e a nd it t e re d in t he w a ter e w ith the

s a rk p u t the s a m
.

e u po n her a n d c u re d h er o f her s ick n e ss
A s I h a ve be fore i nti m there m s om
.
, ,

a te d a be e a i n it y b e
y
t w ee n thi s proc e ss a nd the m
,

oder n c u re b y w et sheets ; in the

inst a n ce o f T ho m a s G re a v e the co l d w a ter c u re w a s p u ni shed -

w ith d e a th .

30
350 S ORCERY A ND M A GI C .

C H A PT ER XX V II I .

C O NF E S S I O N S OF I S O B EL G O W DI E .

T he e xtr a ordi n a r y c a s e s re l a t ed in the l a s t ch a pte r g i ve u s

b u t a fa i n t n otio n o f the i mm m
e n s e nu ber o f pro s ecu tions for t he
m
cri e o f s orcery w hich occ u rred in S cot la nd d u ri n g t he rst
h a l f o f the s e v e ntee nth ce ntu ry T he c a s e s w hich c a e be fore m
m
.

the h igh co u rt o f j u stici a ry w er e few i n d eed w he n co p a red w ith

tho s e w hich w ere di s po s ed o f no l e s s su mm a ri ly i n t he m
u l ti

tu de o f i nferior co u rt s t hro u gho u t th a t k i ngdo m T h e su per

m
.

s t it io u s fee l i n g s o f the S cotti s h c l er g y a s s i s ted the pop u l a r i a

in a t i o n , a nd it is n o t s u rpri s i n g i f the per s ec u tio n a g a i ns t t hi s

g
m i s era bl e c l a ss o f peopl e w a s i ncre a s ed , r a ther th a n other w i s e ,
w he n t he pre sby teri a n s w ere in po w er M a t the w H opki ns ha d
m
.

h i s reectio n in a nu ber o f S cotti s h w itch nd er s , o r , a s t hey

-

w ere c a ll ed , pricker s , w ho g a in ed their l i v i n g b y goi n g f ro m

m m
to w n to to w n to s e a rch su s pected w o e n o r en fo r t heir a rk s, m
a nd w e h a v e e v e n s ee n t ha t o n the e ve o f the R e s tor a tio n t hey

w ere s e n t fo r fro m S co t l a nd t o a s s i s t in w itch pro s ec u tio ns in

the nor t h o f Engl a nd A t thi s p erio d , a nd in the y e a r s i mm
edi
m m
.

a te ly fo ll o w i n g the a cce s s io n o f C h a rl e s II , the . a n i a s ee s to

h a v e s u dde nly e xt e nd ed it s el f in S co t l a nd , a nd the y e a r 1 66 1
m
w a s e s peci a lly re a rk a b l e fo r the n u m b er o f tri a l s it w it n e s s ed
m m
.

W e a r e i nfor ed th a t o n the 7 t h o f No v e ber , in the y e a r j u st

m e ntio n ed , a t o ne s e s sio n o f the su perior co u rt, no l e ss t ha n
fo u rtee n co mm i ss io ns w ere i ss u ed fo r try ing w itche s in di ff ere nt
p a rts o f t he co u ntry A c a s e w hich occ u rred in the s p ri ng o f
.

t he y ea r fo ll o w i n g , i s de s er v i ng o f p a rtic u l a r n otice for i t s e

p cu

l ia r it ies
.

T he di strict a bo u t the v i ll a ge o f A u l d ea r n, o n t h e co a st o f t he
'

m m
l ittl e cou nty o f Na ir n , co nta i n ed a t thi s ti e s o a ny w itche s , th a t
m
S a t a n w a s ob liged fo r co nven ie n ce to di vide the i nto co p a n ie s m
na m ed c o v i nes , e a ch co v i ne co ns isti ng o f thirtee n per s o ns T his
m m
.

nu ber w a s a n cie n tly c a ll ed the de vi l s do z e n , fro w hich w e

u nder s t a n d w hy s t i ll , w h ere v er the p o pu l a r s u per s titio n s l e a v e

their tr a c e s , it is l o o k ed u po n a s a n u nl u ck y nu ber fo r a p a rty m

a t t a b l e , b u t a n other more u s e fu l i ndi v id u a l h a s s i n ce ta k e n t he
m
p l a ce o f t hee vi l o ne in the na e a ppl i ed to it T o one o f t h ese .
 T HE WITC HES O F A ULDEARN . 35 1

c o v ines, ee m
w hich s t o h a v e be l o nged e s peci a lly t o the v i ll a ge
s

o f A u l de a r n be l o nged a w o m a n o f th a t p l a c e n a m ed I s obe l G o w
di e w ho d u rin g the m
,

o nth s o f A pri l a n d M a y i n the y e a r 1 662

ma de w itho u t co mpu l sion o f a ny ki n d (a s it is sa id in the doc u
, , ,

me nt ) be fo re the c l ergy a nd ma gi str a te s o f the di s trict fo u r s ev

,

er a l co nfe s s io ns a ll a greei ng toge t her tho u gh s o m e o f the m

, ,

, ,

w ere r a ther fu ll er in de t a i l th a n other s .

I s obe l G o w die s a id th a t on ce a s s he w a s goi ng betw ee n the

fa r m s o f Dr u m d ev in a nd the H e a d s she w a s a cco s ted b y S a t a n
w ho m a de her pro m i s e to m eet hima t night F or so m
, ,

e re a s on .

or other in S cot l a n d S a t a n pre ferred ch u rche s fo r the p l a ce o f

meeti ng o f the w itche s a nd o n thi s occ a s io n the rende z v ou s

, ,

w a s t o be i n the kirk o f A u l de a r n T hi t her I s obe l w e nt o n the

a n d she fo u nd a nu m
.

n ight a ppoi nted , ber o f i ndi v i du a l s w ho

w ere w e ll k no w n to her in the kirk ; the e v i l o n e stood in the

re a der s de s k a nd he l d a b l a ck book in his h a nd A fter bei ng

d u ly i ntrod u ced t o the co m p a ny t h e n ew co nv ert w a s m

, .

a de t o

d e n y her b a pti s m a nd the n p l a c i ng on e h a n d o n the cro w n o f

,

, ,

her he a d a nd the other u n der the so l e o f her foot she ga v e

mto the e nd M a rga ret Brodie o f
,

ev ery thi ng bet w ee n th e

A u l de a r n a cted a s her fo st er m
.
,

o t he r a nd he l d her u p to the de v i l

Hem
, ,

t o be b a pti z ed a rk ed her o n the sho u l der a nd s u cked the

.
,

b l ood w hich s po u ted i nto his h a nd a nd w ith thi s he spri nk l ed
her o n the he a d reb a pti z i n g her i n his o w n na m e by the n ick na m
, ,

e
A ft er thi s cere m
,

o f J a n et o ny the w ho l e p a rty s ep a ra ted

S hortly a fter w a rd t he de v i l m
.
, .

et I s obe l a g a i n a l o ne a t the
New W a rd s o f I n sho ch a nd there the bo n d bet w ee n th em
, ,

w a s c om pl ete d S he d e s cribed her new l ord a s a m

,

ickl e
b l a ck ro u gh m w ith forked a n d c l o v e n feet w hich b e s o m
.
,

an e
t im e s con c e a l ed b y w e a ri ng boo t s o r s hoe s S o m eti m
, , ,

e s he a p
s h a pe o f a deer or roe o r o t her a n i m
.

e ar e d i n the al
p
T o e a ch co v i ne w a s o ne fe m ale of m
, , .

ore co ns ider a tio n th a n ,

the oth er s S a ta n s fa vorite w ho w a s cho sen a s the be s t l ooki ng

o f the y o u nger w itche s a nd s he w a s c a ll ed the m

, ,

a id e n o f t he

c o v i n e ; a nd t here w a s a m
,

an w ho w a s their o f c er The
, .

w i t c he s ha d o nly po w er to d o i nj u rie s o f a n i n ferior ki n d w he n

t he m a id en w a s no t w i t h the m T he y m et fro mti m e to ti m e to
d a nc e a t p l a ce s w hich s ee mto h a ve bee n u nder fa iry i n u e nce
.

a t the m
,

s u ch a s the hi ll o f E a r l s e ick l e b u rn a nd the Do w n ie

hi ll s ge n er a l ly o ne o r t w o co vin es a t a ti m
, ,

e w h ere the y d a nced ;

b u t th ey h a d l a rger ge ner a l m
, ,

ee t i n g s to w a rd t he end o f e a c h
u a rter o f a y e ar J a n e M a r t i n a y o u n g l a s s o f A u l de a r n w a s
q
the m
.
, ,

a ide n o f t he cov i n e t o w hich I s obe l G o w die b e l o nged We .

352 S ORCERY A ND MAGIC .

h a ve se ne th a t in her i ntercou rs e w ith t he evi l one ea ch w i t ch

w a s k no w n b y a n ew na m e T hu s J a n e M a rti n w a s na m
,

ed
.

O ver the dy ke w ith it
- -
bec a u s e she u s ed t o s i ng the s e w ords
- -

H er m
,

w he n s he w a s d a nci n g w i t h the de v i l other I s obe l Nic

o ll w e nt b y the n a m
.
,

e o f B e s s ie Ru l e ; M a rg a ret W i l s o n w as
na m ed P ick l e n e a re st the w i nd ; B e ss ie W i ls o n s na m
,

- - -
e w as
T hrou gh the cor n y a rd ; El s pet Nis hiew a s na m
- - -
ed B e s s i eB a u ld ;
a nd B e s s ie H a y rejoice d in the n a m e o f A b l e a n d s t o u t Their - -

fa m
.

i l i a r spirit s w ho w ere di s ti ngu i shed b y the c o l or o f t heir

l i verie s ha d n a m
,

e s equ a lly s i ngu l a r I s obe l G o w dies o w n fa

mi l i a r w a s c a ll ed S a u nders the red re a ver a nd w a s c l o thed in

.
,
- - -

b l a ck ; o n e o f the mha d a s pirit c a ll ed T ho m

,

a s a f a ir ie ; Mar - -

ga ret W i l s o n s s pirit ha d a gr a ss gree n dre ss a nd w a s c a lled

-
,

S w ein ; B e s s ie W i l s o n s s pi r it w a s R orie dre ss ed in y e llo w ;

,

th a t o f I s obe l Nicoll w a s R o a ri ng l io n a nd his co l or s ea gr een ; -

,
-

th a t o f M a rg a ret Brodie w a s c a ll ed R obert the ru l e a nd d res sed - -

in a s a d dre s s B e s s i e W i l s o n s fa m i l i a r ha d the s tr a nge na m

,

e
o f T hie f o f he ll w a it u po n her ; El s pet Nis hies w a s H e nd rie

- - - - -

L a i ng ; the fa m i l i a r o f B e s s ie H a y (o l d A b l e a nd s to u t ) w as - -

na m ed R obert the J a k is a nd w a s a l w a ys c l othed in d u n a nd

- -

s ee m
, ,

s a ged ; he is a ne g l a ik e d go w ked spirit J a n e M a rt in
the m spirit n a m
.
,

a ide n o f the co v i ne h a d a ed M H ect o r w ho

,

,

w as a y ou ng l ike de v i l a nd his co l or gra ss gree n T hese
- -

spiri t s w ere m u ch s m
, .

a ll er th a n the de v i l w ho pre s ided a t their

meeti ngs
I s obe l sa id th a t the y s o m eti m
.

e s w e nt into the Do w n i e hi lls

br a w s roo m w here it w as
,

w here the y fo u n d a fa ir a nd l a rge
d a yl ight T here she g o t m e a t fro mthe qu ee n o f fa er ie m
,

. ore

t h a n she co u l d ea t T he qu ee n w a s br a w l ie c l othed in w hite
.

l i n e n a nd in w hite a nd bro w n c l othe s T he ki ng o f fa eri e w a s

b r aw e m
.
,

a a n w e ll fa v or e d a n d bro a d fa c ed
,
-
T here s a ys
,
-
.
,

I s obe l w a s el f b u ll s r o w t t ing a n d s k o yll i ng u p a nd do w n a nd

-

d m
, ,

a r ig h t e
'

e S he a ll u de d r epe a ted ly t o the f e a r w hich s he

.

a l w a y s f e l t o n s eei ng the s e e l f b u ll s I n the c a v erns o f the -

elf boy s m
.

Do w nie hi ll s I s obe l G o w die s a w the

,

a k i n g the -

el f a rro w he a d s
-
T he s e elf bo ys w ere
l ittl e o n e s ho ll o w a nd
-

bo ss b a cked [ hu m
.
,

b
-
p a cke d ] ; the y s pok e
-
g o w s t ie l ik e T h e -
.

de vi l sh a ped the a rro w he a d s w ith his o w n h a n d a n d ga ve -

the mto the el f boy s w ho sh a rpe n ed a nd digh t ed the mw ith a

,
-

,

s h a rp thi n g l ik e a p a cki n g n eed l e W he n the y w ere ni shed -

the de v i l de l i vered the mto the w itche s s a y i ng

.
,

S h t t hes ei n m y am e
m(wh leh me)
n oo ,

A nd t hey sh a l l not g o hea l ha s o o .

 S ABB AT H QUA RRELS . 353

A nd w hen t he w i t ch s hot at an y bod y w ith th emshe sa id

,

m
I shoo t on a n in t h e d evil s na
me
m
,
H e sha I no t w in hea l ha e!
A nd t his s ha ll b ea ll so t r u e,
T her esha ll no t b eo neb it o f hi m n liew
o (a l ive)
W he n t he y s hot the a rrow he a d s a t their v icti m s t he y sp a n g

t hemfro mtheir th u m eti m

-

b na i l s ; so m e s the y m
,
-
i ss e d the ir o h
u t if the y to u ched the y c a rr ied cert a i n de a th e v e n i f the
j e c t b
vict i m w ere c a s ed i n a r m
, ,

or .

T he a ccou nt o f w h a t p a ss ed a t the s a bb a th s o f the s e S cotti sh

w it che s is v er y i m per fect a nd the l ittl e th a t is to l d w i ll be better
a rch he nd s ee m
. ,

p a s s ed o v er T h e . s to h a v e t a ke n gre a t de l ight
-

i n be a ti ng his su bj ect s cr u e lly w i t h rope s a nd tho ng s a nd he r e

S om eti m es a m
,

se n te d bitterly a ny a ct o f di s re sp ect ong o u r

w e w o u l d be c a ll i ng h imBl a ck
.

s el v e s , sa y s I s obe l G o w die ,

J o h n o r the l ike a nd he w o u l d k en it a n d he a r u s w e ll e nou gh ;

a nd he e v e n the n co m
, , ,

e t o u s a nd sa y I k en w e l e e n eu gh w h a t

sa y i n g o f m
,

y e w e re e A n d the n he w ou l d be a t a nd b u ff et u s

T he y w ere o fte n be a te n fo r a b s e nc e fro mthe m

.

ve r y s ore eet
ct w he n pre s e nt S o m e bore their pu ni sh m
.

ing s o r fo r n egl e e nt
u t other s w o u l d re s i s t a nd there w ere s o m am
, .

q u ie t ly b e be l d e s

i n t he co m
, ,

p a ny w ho did no t he s i t a te t o e x c ha n ge b l ow s w ith S a
ta n A l e xa nder El der o f Ea r l s ea t w a s o fte n be a te n H e is
b u t s o ft a nd co u l d n e ver de f e n d hi m
. .
, ,

s e l f in the l e a st b u t greit

am nt ] a nd cry w he n he w o u l d be s co u r g i n g h im M a rg a ret
, ,

[ l e .

W i l s on w ou l d de fe n d her s e l f nely a n d c a st u p her h a nd s t o ,

k eep the strok e s o ff her ; a nd B e s si e W i l s o n w o u l d spe a k cru sty

w i t h her to n gu e a nd w o u l d be be ll i n g a g a i n to hims to u tly On
t he w ho l e S a t a n a ppe a r s to h a v e bee n b u t a n i ll m
.
,

,
a s ter fo r he ,

w a s e a s i ly o ff e nde d a nd w he n he w o u l d be a n gry a t u s he
, ,

w o u l d g ri n a t u s l ike a dog a s if he w o u l d s w a ll o w u s u p How
ev er a s a pe a c e o er ing a t the end o f the m eeti n g he som eti m
.
,

es
'

a v e the mthe a w e s t l ike m

, ,

g br o n e y t h a t e v er w a s coi n ed 5 b u t

if the y ha d the m i s for t u ne to keep it m ore th a n t w e nty fou r -

h o u r s in their po ss e s s io n the y fou nd it w a s nothi n g b u t hor s e ,

d u ng !
I sobe l G o w die s ta ted th a t w he n the y w e nt to the m eeti ngs ,

t he y to o k a str a w o r a be a n s t a l k p l a ced it bet w ee n t heir f eet -

, ,

a nd sa id
H or s e a nd ha tt ock , ho r s e a nd g o,
H or se a nd p ella t t i s, ho , ho I

T he n the y w ere i m medi a te ly c a rri ed into the a ir a s stra w s

w o u l d y u po n a high w a y I f it w ere a t ni ght a nd the w itc h .

,
*
30
354 S ORCERY AND MAGIC .

w ere a fra id th a t her h u sb a nd might mi s s her fromhis b ed she

took a be so mor three l egged stool p l a ced it b e s id e himin
,
-
, b ed,
a n d s a id thric e

l a y d ow n t his b eso m[ o r st ool ] in t hed evil

s na me
me
,

Let it no t st ir t i ll I co a g a in

a nd it i m medi a t ely see ms a w oma n b e s ide o u r hu sb a n ds Th ey .

o fte n tr a ve ll ed in thi s w a y by d a y a nd t he n it w a s th a t they

am u s ed the m
,

s e l v e s b y s hooti ng peop l e w ith t he el f a rro w h e a ds ; -

a nd peop l e w ho s ee s tr a w s y i n g a bo u t the a ir in a w hirl w i nd on

a ne d a
y a r e reco m m e nded to b l e s s the m s e l v e s d ev o u tly b e

c a u s e i f they o m
, ,

it th a t prec a u tio n the y a r e l i a bl e t o be s hot b y

the w itche s w ho ride o n the m A ny th a t a r e s hot b y u s I so

be l i nfor m
.
,

s u s their s o u l s w i ll go to he a v e n b u t their b o dies
w i ll re m a i n w ith u s a nd w i ll y a s hor s e s t o u s a s s m
, ,

a ll a s

I s obe l G o w die co nfe s s ed t o h a v i ng ki ll ed m

, ,

s tr a w s a ny e o
p
p l e i n thi s m T he r s t ti m
.

a n ner e she w e nt t o her co v i n e w as

to P lo u gh l a nd s w here she s hot a m
.

,
a n b e t w ee n t he p l ou gh

s ti l t s a nd he pre s e nt ly fe ll o n his f a ce t o the g ro u n d T he
de v i l g a v e her a n a rro w to shoot a t a w o m
.
,

a n i n the e l d s w hich

she did a nd the v icti m

. ,

,
dropped d o w n de a d A s t he y w ere r idi ng .

o ne d a I obe l b y the s ide o f S a t a n a nd M a rg a ret B rodi e a nd

y s

B e s si e H a y in c l o s e co m p a ny w ith the mt he y m
, ,

et M r H a r r y
F or b es t he m
, .

i n i s ter o f A u lde a r n goi ng to M oynes o n w hich t he

de vi l g a ve M a rg a ret B rodie a n a rro w to shoot a t him M a rga
, , ,

t s hot a n d m i s s ed her m
.

re a rk a n d the a rro w w a s t a ke n u g i n
, p a a

by S a ta n ; b u t w he n she o ff ered to s hoot a ga i n he s a id No

w e c a n no t h a ve his l i f e thi s ti m
, , ,

e P re s e ntly a fter w a rd they
.

s a w the l a ir d o f P a rk a n d the de v i l g a v e I s obe l a n a rro w

S he shot a t h ima s he w a s cro s s i ng a b u r n a nd perh a p s o w i ng

.
,

to th i s circ u m s t a n ce m i ss ed himfo r w hic h B e ss ie H a y ga v e her

, ,

, ,

a gre a t c u ff

T h e w itche s s ee mto h a v e e ntert a in ed a n e s pec i a l ho s t i l ity

.

t o w a r the s e t w o g en tl e m e n I n the w i nter o f 1 660 M r F orbe s

.
, .

w a s s ick it a ppe a r s i n co ns eq u e nc e o f a co ns pir a c y o f the s e

e ne m ie s The y m a de a m
, ,

. i x tu re o f the g a ll s e s h a nd entr a i l s , ,

o f to a d s gr a i ns o f b a r l e y p a ri ng s o f nger a n d t o e na i l s t he
, , ,

l i ver o f a h a re a nd bit s o f c l o u ts T he s e i n gredie nts w er e
mi xed together a nd s eethed o r boi led a ll night in w a ter S a ta n
, .

w a s w ith t h e md u ri n g t hi s proc e ss a nd the y repe a ted a ft er hi m

, .

thric e e a ch ti m
, ,

e the w ord s ,

H eis lyi ng in his b ed , heis ly ing sick a nd s a ir ,

m
Let hi lieint ill his b ed t w o on t hs a nd t hr e m
e d ays mi u r .
 THE LAIR D O F PA RK . 355

And t hen
Let hi mliei n his b ed , let hi mliei t ill it i k nd i
n
mliei
s c a sa r ,
Let hi nt ill his b ed two m t h d t h eed y mi
on s an r a s a r .

A nd t he n n a lly
H esha ll liein his b ed , he sh a ll liesick a nd sa ir ,
H esha ll lieint ill his b ed t w o o nt hs a nd t hr ee d a ys m mi a r.

At n i ght t he y w e nt i nto F orbe s s ch a m ber to s w i ng thi s m

i x tu re
o v e r h im a s he l a s ick in bed b u t fo r s o m e re a s o n or other the y
y ,

w er e no t a b l e to do it T he y no w cho s e o ne o f their co v i n e
w ho w a s m o st i nti m a te a n d fa m i l i a r w ith t he m
.

i ni s ter w hich
h a pp en ed t o be B e ss ie H a y w ho a s the y co u l d no t i nj u re him
,

b y n igh t w a s to v i s it himb y d a y a nd s w i ng the n o x io u s m

, ,

ix
t u r e ov er him ; b u t she fa i l ed bec a u s e there w ere s o m
, ,

e other
w o rth y per s o ns w ith hi ma t the ti m
,

e tho u gh she s w u ng a
l it t l e o f the m
,

i x tu re o n the b ed w here he l a y .

M r H a r ry F orbe s a ppe a rs to h a v e recei v ed n o s erio u s i nj u ry

fr o mthe w itche s a s he w a s o ne o f tho s e w ho s a t in co u rt t o
.

hea r I s obel s c o nfe s s ion The l a ir d o f P a rk w a s l e ss fort u na t e

in hi s fa m A m
.

ily if he e s c a ped i n his per s o n

,
eeti n g w a s he l d .

a t t he ho u s e o f Joh n T a yl or o f A u l de a r n a t w hich the de vi l w a s ,

re e n t w ith I obe l G o w die Joh n T a yl or a nd his w i f e a n d o n e

p s s

o r t w o other s fo r the pu rpo s e o f m

, ,

a k i n g a pictu re o f c l a y to de

a ird o f P a rk s m
,
.
,

st r o
y the l a l e chi l dre n

Joh n T a yl or bro u ght

ho m
.

e t he c l a y in his p l a id new k (a c or ner o f his pl a id ) a nd ,

t hey b ro k e it i nto n e po w der a nd p a ss e d it throu gh a s ie v e

T hen the y po u red w a ter o n it to m
, .

a ke a p a s te a n d w ro u ght it ,

ve r y s ore l ike r y e b o w t -
A s the y thre w the w a ter in the y s a id
in t he d evil s n a m
.
, ,

e
W ep ou r m
in t his w a t er a o ng t his ea l , m
F o r l a ng d w ining [la ng u ishing ] a nd ill heal ;
W e p u t it int o t he r e
m m
.

T ha t it a y b e b u r n t w i t h st ick a nd at o ;
I t sha l l b e b u r nt , w i t h o u r w ill .

A s a ny st ick le [st u b b le] u p on a hill .

The de vi l , s a y s I s obe l , t a u ght u s the s e w ord s , a nd w hen w e
m
ha d l e a rn ed the , w e a ll fe ll do w n u p o n o u r b a re k nee s , a n d o u r
ha i r a b o u t o u r e y e s , a n d o u r h a n d s l i fted u p , l ooki n g ste a d fa s t ly
u p o n t h e de v i l , s ti ll s a y i ng the w ord s thrice o v er , ti l l i t w a s
m ade

T he y m
o u l de d the p a ste i nto the gu re o f a a l e chi l d , m -

mm m
.

h a v i n g a l l it s e ber s co p l ete , a nd it s h a nd s fo l ded do w n b y

it s s ide s a nd the y l a id it w ith the fa ce t o the re ti ll i t w a s a l
m m
o st dr y , the n in the de v i l s n a e the y p u t it in the re , a nd l et

m
it r e a i n ti l l it w a s red l ike a co a l , w he n it w a s dr a w n ou t w ith
356 S ORCERY A ND MA GIC .

the sa m e cere m ony T hi s i m . a ge w a s intr u s t e d t o t he ca r eci

Joh n T a yl or a nd his w i fe ; it w a s kept w r a p p ed u p in a c lou t ,

i n a cr a d l e o f c l a y a nd h u ng u p in a k na g in t h eir hou s e As
o ften a s t he y w a nted to ki l l a m
.
,

a l e chi l d o f the l a ird o f P a rk -

,

the y t ook it do w n w et it a nd roa sted it e v ery other d a y ti ll t he

, ,

chi l d died a nd t he n p u t it a w a y a g a i n ; a nd a s soo n a s a nother

ma l e chi ld w a s bo r n to himthe y l et it l i ve s ix mo nt hs a nd then
,
-

de stro y ed it b y the s a m
, ,

e proce ss \vea r e to l d in t he c o nfe ssi on

th a t ti ll it be brok en it w i ll be the de a th o f a ll the ma l e chil
.

-
,

dre n th a t the l a ird o f P a rk w i ll e ver get C a s t it o ver a kirk it

w i ll no t bre a k t i ll it be broke n w ith a n a x e o r s o m
.

e s u ch like
thi ng b y a m
, ,

a n s h a nd I f it b e n o t brok e n it w ill l a s t a b u n

T hi s s ee m s t o be a re m
,
.
,

dred y e a r s n a n t o f t he ea rl y b e lief
w hich l ed the T e u to ni c i n v a der s t o de stroy the R o m
.

a n s t a t u a ry :

w e c o nti nu a lly nd o n R o m a n s ite s bro nz e s th a t h a v ebe e n int e n

t io n a l l y m u ti l a t ed w ith a n a x e o r s o m e other sh a rp ins tr u m
, ,

,
ent .

T he s e S cotti sh w itch e s a ppe a r t o h a v e ha d n o e a t in g a nd

dri nki ng a t their s a bb ath s b u t the y w e nt fo r thi s pu r p os ei nt o t he
h o u s e s o f the l a ird s a nd ge ntl e m
,

e n ro u nd a bo u t to f e a s t by night ,

o n the pro v i s io ns w hic h w ere a l w a y s fo u n d there in l e n t

p y
T he y w ent th u s i nto t he ho u s e o f the e a rl o f Mu rr a y hi m
.

se lf
O n the C a nd l e m a s b efore thi s co nf e ss io n w a s m
.

a de the y v i s ite d
m
,

G r a ng ehil l the ho u s e o f B rodie o f Let hin w here the y g o t

, eat ,

a nd dri nk e n o u gh O n the s e occ a s io ns the de v i l a l w a ys sa t at
the he a d o f the t a bl e a nd the ma iden o f the co v i ne sa t n ext t o
.

h im a nd w a s s er ved r s t a nd be s t
,

The g r a ce they s a i d b efore

me a t w a s a s foll o w s :
.
,

W e ea t t his m ea t in t hed ev il s n a me
'

mi kle h me;
,

W it h so r r o w a nd sych [sig hing ] , a nd

,
"
c s a
W esha ll dest r oy ho u se a nd ho ld .

B o t h sheep a nd nea t int ill t hef o ld

m
.

L it t l e g o o d sha ll co e t o t hefo r e
O f a l l t her est o f t he lit t lest or e .

In the s e e xc u r sio ns the w itche s did not a l w a y s g o in their

o w n sem bl a n c e s fo r the y ha d the po w er o f tr a n s for m i ng the m
a ni ma l s e x cept l a m
,

s e l v es i nto the s h a pe o f a n b s o r do ve s
y
w hich a s e m b l ems o f i nn oc en ce the y m ight n o t a s s u m
,

e I s obel
G o w die de s cribe s m i nu t ely the proce s s o f t r a n sform
, , .

a tio n When
the w itch w o u l d ch a n ge her s e l f i n to a ha r e t heformth a t a ppe ar s
.

to h a ve bee n a dopted m o st co m mo nly she sa id thrice

,

I sh a ll her e,
g o int o a
W it h so r r o w , a nd sy ch, a nd ickleca r e; m
I s ha ll g o i n t he d ev il s na e,

m
A y t il l I co eho e a g a in m m
 TR A NSF O RMATI ONS O F T H E WITC HES . 357

a nd i nst a ntly w e st a rt in W hen the y w i shed

a b ar e
.

to ret u r n
to th eir ow n sh a pe the y repe a ted thric e the w ord s
,

H a r e, ha r e, Go d send t he ca r e!
I a m in a h er o s l ik en ess j u st no w ,
'

m
B u t I sh a ll b ein a w o a n s lik eness ev en now .

W h en the y cho s e the l ike ne s s of a ca t w hich w as the ne xt fa

v o r it e f or m the y s a id thrice
,

I sha ll g o int ill a ca t .

W it h so r r o w a nd s ych, a nd a b l a ck sho t ;
me
,

A n d I sh al l g o in th e d ev il s

na
m m
,

A y t ill I co eho e a g a in .

m m
The fo r u l a w a s s i i l a rly v a ried fo r other a n i a l s A s thu s m
m
.

t r a n sf or ed the y p a s s ed b y the ho u s e s o f other w itche s , the y

cal l ed the m o u t , a nd t he y c a m m
e in s i i l a r sh a pe s T r a ve ll i ng in
m
.

th es e a ssu ed sh a pe s w a s no t a l w a y s sa fe I s obe l G o w die , w ho

m
.

o ft e n w e nt in the for o f a b a r e, w a s s e n t o ned a , a bo u t d a y bre a k ,

y
m
in t h is sh a pe , w ith oneo f S a t a n s e s s a ge s t o s o e o f her n eigh

m
m
bo r s , a nd o n her w a y et w ith the s er v a nts o f P a trick Pepl ey o f
K ill hill , w ho h a ppe n ed to h a v e his ho u nd s w ith the T he l a tter m
mm m
.

i edi a te ly ga v e ch a s e to the tr a ns for ed w itch , a nd r a n a fter

her a l o ng co u r s e , u nti l , w e a ry a nd h a r d pre s s ed , she g a i n e d her
o w n ho u s e , a nd r a n behi n d a che s t T he door bei ng ope n , t he
.

ho u nd s fo ll o w ed her , b u t the y h a ppe ni ng to go to the other s ide

o f t he che s t , she h a d j u s t ti m
e to r u n o u t a nd e nter the ho u s e o f
a n eighbor , w here s he w a s a b l e to s a y the di s e n ch a n ti ng ch a r m
m
,

a nd rec o v ered her s h a pe S hes a id t ha t , w hi l e th u s tr a n s for ed ,

m
.

the ho u nd s ha d n o t po w er to ki ll the , b u t if the y ch a n ced to be

m
bitte n , t he w ou nd re a i n ed a fter the y ha d reco vered th eir n a tu
r a l s h a pe . Whe n w e w o u l d be in the sh a pe o f c a ts , w e d id
n othi n g b u t cry a nd w r a w [ a v ery e xpre s s i v e w or d f o r c a ter

w a u l i ng] , a nd r w ing
[ te a ri ng , a n d , a s it w ere , w orry i n g o ne
]

y
a nother ; a nd w he n w e co m
e to ou r o w n sh a pe s a g a i n, w e w i ll

nd the s cr a tche s a nd r yw es o n o u r ski ns ver y s or e! A bou t

the s u mm
er o f 1 6 5 9 , the y w e nt in the s h a pe o f r o c k s t o the
hou s e o f M r R obert Do na l d s o n , w here the de vi l , w ith John T a y
m
.

l o r a nd his w i fe , w e n t do w n the k itche n ch i ne y , a n d perched

o n the crook or iron o n w hich the pot w a s su s e d o ver the

p n d e
m m
,

re . T he other s s e e n o t to h a v e l ik ed thi s ode o f e ntry , a nd
the y w a ited ti ll their frie nd s ope ned a w i ndo w , a nd the n the y a ll
w e nt i nto the ho u s e , a nd f e a s ted o n b ee f a nd dr i n k , b u t did no
m or e h a r m

m
.

I so b e l G o w d ie repe a ted in her c onfessions a gr ea t nu b er o f

358 S ORC ERY A ND MAGIC .

t h e v er s e s w hich the y u s ed in their i nc a nt a t ions som eof which

T he ir m ethod o f r a i s i ng a te m
,

a r e c u rio u s . p es t u ou s w ind was

t o t a k e a r a g o f c l oth w et it in w a ter a nd t h e n t a ke a be etle
a sher w o m
, ,

ith hich e n be a t th eir l i n e n ) a n d k n oc k it on the

( w w w
s to n e repe a ti n g thrice
,

I k nock t his r a g u po n t his st on e,

T o r a i se t h ew ind i n t hed evil s na e!
'
m
I t sha l l no t lieu nt il I p l eas ea g a in !

To a ppe a s e the w ind, the y dr ied the r a g , a nd s a id

W el a t hew ind in t hede v il s na

e, m
It sh not r is e t i ll I like t o r a iseit a g a in !

I f the w i nd , o n thi s a ppe a l , did not i nst a nt ly a b a t e, t hew itch

m
c a ll ed her s pirit , a nd s a id to hi , T hi e f, t hie f, c onj u r e the w i nd,

a nd c a u s e it to l ie ! I s obe l s a id th a t the y ha d no po w er over
r a i n O ne o f the w itche s , w ho s e h u sb a nd s o l d c a t t l e, u sed to
.

s w a ll o w s fe a ther in the hide o f the b e a s t , a n d s a y thrice

p u t a

o ver it , be fore it w e nt
I pu t b eef in t hed evil s na e,
o u t t h is
'
m
T ha t m ickl esil ver a nd g ood p r iceca eha m meI

T he y ha d m y ch rm f c ri g
an a di s e a s e s a s w e ll as for
s or u n
m I t w co mmo w ith the mb y su ch c ha r m
,

s e ndi ng the as n s to

a ppropri a te to the m
.
, ,

s e l v e s the property o r g a i n o f oth e r s When

the y w i s h ed to t a ke the fr u it o f s he s fro mth e s h er m
.

en they
w e nt to the shore be fore the bo a t c a m
,

e in a nd s ta n d i n g on t he ,

b ri nk o f the w a ter the y s a i d t hrice,

T he sher s a r e g o n e t o t he sea
A nd t he w ill b r ing ho e sh t o
y m e; m
m m
T hey w all b r ing t he ha e i n t ill t heb oa t ,
m
B u t t hey sha ll g et of t he b u t t hes al ler m so r t .

As s oon the b o a t a rri v ed the y sto l e a sh o r bou ght or

as

begged o ne a nd w ith it c a m e t o the m a l l the f r u it o f the w hole

, ,

she s in the bo a t a nd the s he s th a t the sher m e n the m

,

, se lves

w i ll h a v e w i ll b e b u t froth
At La m ma s (t he rs t o f A u gu st) the w itche s u su a lly a ppropr i
.

a ted t o the m s e l v e s: in a s i mila r m

,

a n n er the cor n a nd other prod

u c e o f t he e l d s tho u gh the p a rtic u l a r cere m

,

, o n i e s fo r thi s pu r
o s e v a ried I s obe l G o w di e to l d in her co n fe s s io n ho w soon
p .
, , ,

a fter her co nv er s io n to s orc er y s h e w ith J oh n T a yl or a nd his

w i fe a nd s o m e other s m
, ,

et in the kirk y a rd o f Na ir n a n d ra ise d

fro mit s gra ve t he corp s e o f a n u nchr i ste n ed chi l d
, , ,

W i th this
a nd s o m
.

e other ingredie nt s su ch a s p ar ing s o f ng er a nd t oo

,
 C O NF ES S IO NS O F I S OB EL G O W DIE . 359

na i s l g r a ins o f di ff ere nt sor t s a nd l e a v e s o f co l ew o r k choppe d

r y sm a ll s he for m ed a no x iou s m
, , ,

ve i xtu re ; a nd goi ng to the end

l d s O ppo s ite the m i ll o f Na ir n the y thre w s o m
,

o f t h e c or n e e on
By thi s m e a ns w hi l e the fa r m
,

t h e l a nd . er s re a p ed nothi ng b u t
,

st r a w a l l the gr a i n w a s co nv e y ed t o the s ecret s toreho u s e o f t he

w i t c he s w ho u su a lly kept it there ti ll the fo ll o w i n g C hri s t m

,

as

o r E a s ter a nd the n sh a red it a m

,

o ng t he co v i ne S he fu rther
s t a t ed t h a t o ne n ight be fore t he C a nd l e m
.
,

a s o f 1 6 6 1 s h e w e nt

w i t h the other w itche s to s o m

,

e e ld s b e e a st K i nl o s s w here -
,

t h ey y oked a p l o u gh o f p a dd ock s o r frog s ; t he br a ce s w ere o f

n s or ra m
,

c k e ns q ick or dog gr a s s ) a n d a r ig l e s hor n w a s

q u i ( u ,

t h e c o u l ter T he o f cer o f their co v i ne o ne Joh n Y o u n g w a s

.
, ,

d r i v e r w hi l e the de vi l he l d the p l ou gh T h u s the y w e n t s ev

er a l ti m
, .

e s a bo u t a ll the y o f t he co vi n e goi ng u p a nd do w n w ith

,

i t p r a y i ng S a t a n fo r the fr u it o f th a t l a nd a nd th a t thi stl e s a nd

b r i er s m th a t i s th a t thi s m
, ,

ight gro w there ight be the o nly ,

f r u i t re s er ved to t he o w n er s o f the l a nd W he n the y w i shed to

t a k e a co w s m i l k the y took t o w or he m
.

p a nd t w i n ed o r p l a ited
i t t he w ro ng w a y in t h e de v i l s n a m
, ,

e T he y the n dre w the

r o p e th u s m
, .

a de in b et w ee n the co w s t w o hi n d feet a nd o u t b e

t w ee n the fore feet a l w a y s i n the n a m

,

e o f the a rch end a nd

mi l k ed the rope T o re store the co w it s mi l k they mu st cu t
-
, ,

T he y ha d s i m ila r m
.
,

t h e rope in t w o . ethod s o f t a ki n g a nd tr a n s
ferr i n g the s tre n gth o f peop l e s a l e a n d o f a b s tr a cti ng v a rio u s
,

o t her thi ngs I s obe l G o w die fu rther s ta ted th a t w he n a ny o ne

o f t he mfe ll i n to the h and s o f j u s tice sh e l o s t a l l her po w er
.
,

w hich w a s there u po n s ha red a m

, ,

o ng the re s t o f her co vi n e in ,

a dditio n t o th a t w hic h the y a l re a d y po s s e s s ed

W e a r e no t i nform ed w h a t bec a m
.

e o f I s obe l G o w die b u t her

ca s e m u s t h a v e bee n cons idered a t l e a s t in the di st rict w here it

oc c u rred a n i m port a n t o n e fo r t he e xa m
,

i na tio ns w ere co n ti nu ed
t hro u gh t w o m
, ,

o nth s H er r s t c o nfe s sio n is d a ted o n the 1 3t h

.

of A pri l 1 662 a nd her l a s t be a r s d a te o f the 2 7 t h o f M a

-
H e r
y
mo st i nti ma te a s soci a te s a ppe a r to h a v e been John T a yl or a nd
, , .

his w i fe the l a tter o f w ho mm a de a co n fe s s io n corrobor a t i n g i n

som e im
,

porta nt poi nts e speci a lly i n the h istory o f t heco ns pira c y

,

a g a i ns t the l a ird o f P a rk tho s e o f I s obe l G o w die ,

The s e co n .

fess io ns h a v e bee n pri nte d e ntire b y R obert P itc a ir n .

S u ch w ere the co n fe ss io n s o f I s obe l G o w die o f A u l de a rn If

as w e a r e a s s u red the y w ere p u re ly v o l u nt a r y w e m u st i m
.
,

a gi n e

t ha t t hi s w o m a n w a s l a bori ng u n d er s o m
, ,

e s tr a nge d e l u s io n o f the
mind a nd tha t she re a lly b e l ie v ed the s to r y she t o l d F romthe
cir cu m
, .

st a nti al ch ar a cter o f her na rr a ti ve w e ca n h a rd ly a v oi d ,

360 S O RCERY A ND MA GI C .

su p po s i ng th a t there w ere per s ons so fa r i n u enced b y t h e pop u

l a r s u per stitio ns th a t the y jo i ned to gether in pr a cti s i n g su ch
c ere m
,

o n ie s a s a r e a bo ve de s cribed a nd th a t the y re al ly be l ie v e d ,

i n their ei ca cy T h a t s u ch de l u s io n w a s po s s ibl e o n a n ex t e n
s i v e s c a l e i s s ho w n b y the c e l ebr a ted e xa m
.

p l e o f M a j or W eir
a nd hi s s i s ter w ho w ere e x ec u ted l e s s th a n t e n y e a r s a fter t he
d a te o f I s ob e l s confe s s ion s T hi s m a n ha d di s ti n gu i s hed hi m
,

.

s e l f b y his e xtr a ordi na r y z e a l in the c a u s e o f t h e co v e na n t a nd

h a d bee n a p poi nt ed in 1 64 9 w ith the r a nk o f m aj or t o co m ma nd

,

the city gu a rd o f Edi nb u rgh H el i v ed in a retired m

, , ,
-
a nn er w ith

a m B oth pro fe ss ed in their u t m

.

a ide n s i s ter . o s t rigor the s e v er e

doctri ne s o f the p a rty w ho s e c a u s e th e y ha d e s po u s ed a nd t he
major w ho a l w a y s a ppe a red in his ord i na ry beha v ior res erved
,

a nd m
,

e l a ncho ly w a s e spec i a lly e n do w ed w ith the gi ft o f pra y er

w hich m a de h im a w e l co m
, ,

e vis it o r t o the s ide o f a s ick bed A f

m
-

ter the re s tor a tio n the m

.

e l a ncho ly o f the ajor a nd his s i s ter

a ppe a red t o h a v e beco m e m ore a nd m ore so m
,

bre u n ti l it s ettl ed
i nto a k i nd o f l u na c y a nd the y be l ie ved the m
,

s e l v e s gu i l t y o f the

mo s t re vo lti ng cri me s w hic h di s gr a ce h u ma nity The major

,

new beg a n to m
.

a ke e xtr a ordi nar y co nfe s s io ns to his frie nd s de ,

el a r ing th a t his s i n s w ere o f th a t ch a r a cter th a t he ha d no hope s

o f s a l va tio n u nl e ss he sho u l d be brou ght to a s h a m e fu l end i n
thi s w orl d H is pre sb y teri a n frie nd s did their u t m
,

o s t t o re s tra i n
h ima l a r m
.

,
ed a t the s c a n d a l th a t W eir s cond u ct w a s l ike ly t o

bri ng o n thei r re l igio n ; b u t t he a ff a i r s oon re a ched t he ear s o f

the ro y a l i sts w ho w ere j u s t a s gla d t o s ei z e u pon a ny occ a s ion
,

o f h u rti n g the c a u s e o f their oppo n e n ts M ajor W eir a nd hi s

s i s ter w ere a rre s ted a nd both m
.

a de w h a t w a s c a ll ed a fu ll co n

f es s io n i nvo l v i n g cri m
,

e s o f a degr a di ng cha ra cter A s t he s e

w ere m o st o f the mv ice s w hich the ki ng s p a rty ha d l o n g bee n
.
,

i n the h a bit o f a s cribi ng t o their re l igio u s a d v ers a rie s w e a r e

perh a p s j u stied in b el ie vi ng th a t the y m
,

a
y h a v e ta k e n a d va nta ge

o f th eir s t a te o f m i nd to su gge s t t o the ms o m e o f the se s e l f a ccu -

sa t io ns T he y fo u nd t w o or three w itne s s e s t o tho s e p a rts o f his

s tory w hich w ere m ost i m
.

prob a b l e H is s i s ter dec l a red t ha t he

ha d a m a gic a l s t a ff w hich he a l w a y s c a rried w ith hima nd w hic h
.

g a v e hime l oq u e nc e i n pr a y er S he s a id th a t on c e a p ers on
, ,

c a l led u pon the ma t noo nd a y w ith a ery ch a riot v i s ib l e o nly t o

.

the m s e l v e s a nd took the mto v i s it a frie n d a t Da lk eith w here

,

her brother rece i v ed i nform a tio n b y su perna tu r a l m

, ,

e a ns o f t he
, ,

e ve nt o f t h e b a tt l e o f W orc e s ter a nd tha t s hehers e lf h a d i nter ,

co u r s e w ith the q u ee n o f the fa irie s w ho a s s i ste d her in sp inn i ng,

a n u nu su a l qu a ntity o f y a r n .
 M AJ O R W EIR A ND HI S SIST ER .
361

m
T h ere w a s a w o a n w ho l i v ed in the We st B o w , a t no gre a t
d is t a nc e fro m
M a j or W e ir s ho u s e , w ho g a v e the fo ll o w i ng ev i

d e n ce S he w a s a s u b s t a nt ia l erch a nt s w i fe , a nd bei ng v ery

m
m m
.

de s iro u s to he a r hi pr a y , fo r th a t end s poke to s o e o f her

n e ighbor s t ha t w he n he c a m
, e to their ho u s e s s e nt he might be
fo r T hi s w a s do n e b u t he co u l d n e v er be per s u a ded to ope n
hi s m
.
,

o nt h be fore her no n o t t o b l e s s a cu f l e b e e ther

p o a ; i
re m a i n ed m Som
,

u te or u p w ith his s t a ff a nd a w a y e few d a y s

be fore he di s co vere d hi m s e l f thi s ge n tl e w o m a n co m i ng fro mt he
, .

c a s tl e hi ll w here he r h u s b a nd s n iece w a s ly i n g ia o f a chi l d

- -

a b ou t m i d n ight percei v ed a bo u t the Bo w he a d three w o m

, ,

e n in -

t he w i ndo w s sho u ti n g l a u gh i n g a n d c l a ppi ng their h a n d s The

m
, , , .

e t l e o a n w e n t f or w a r d ti ll j u st a t M a jor W eir s door ther e

g n w
a r o s e a s fro mthe s treet a w o m
, ,

a n a bo u t the height o f t w o ordi

na r y f e m T he ge ntl e w o m
, ,

a l e s a nd s tepped for w a rd a n no t a s

s s i v e ly f e a red bid her m

, .
,

e t e x c e id tep o n if b y the l a ntern

y , a s ,

the y cou l d s ee w h a t she w a s ; b u t h a s te w h a t the y cou l d thi s

l o ng l egged s pectre w a s sti ll be fore the mm
,
-
o vi ng her bod y w ith
a vehe m e nt ca china t io n a gre a t u n m
,

e a su ra b l e l a u ghter A t
t h i s r a te the t w o s tro ve fo r p l a ce ti ll the gi a nte s s c a m
, .

e to a na r
r o w l a n e in the B o w co m monly c a ll ed the S ti nki ng c l o s e into
,

w hich s he tu r n i ng a n d the ge nt l e w o m
, ,

a n l ooki n g a fter her per

iv ed the c l o s e fu ll o f a m i ng torc h e s (she co u l d g ive t hemno

, ,

ce
'

o ther na m e ) a nd a s it ha d bee n a gre a t m

,
u l tit u de o f peop l e s te n ,

t o r iou sly l a u ghi ng a nd g a pi ng w ith t a hees o f l a u ghter T hi s

s i ght a t s o de a d a ti m
,
.

e o f the ni g ht no peop l e bei n g in the w in

d o w s b e l ongi n g to t he c l o s e m
, ,

a de her a n d her s er va nt h a s t e

hom e d ec l a ri ng a ll w h a t the y s a w to t he re s t o f the fa m

,

i ly b u t
more p a ss io na tely t o her hu s b a nd A n d thou gh s ick w ith fe a r
, ,

sh e w e nt the n e xt m n i n g w ith h er m
.
,

e t or a i d to v ie w the n ote d
y
l a c e s o f her for m er n ight s w a l k a nd a t the c l o s e i nq u ired w ho

p ,

l i v ed thore I t w a s a n s w ered M ajor W eir ; the ho ne s t cou p l e

n o w rejoici ng th a t to W eir s de v otio n the y n e ver s a id a m
. ,

en .

W he n M ajor W eir s s i ster w a s brou ght to the p l a c e o f e x ec u tio n

a nd s a w the m sh e e x c l a i m
,

u ltit u de o f spec t a tor s ed : M a ny

w eep a nd l a m ent fo r a poor o l d w retch l ike m
,

e; b u t a l a s ! few ,

a r e w eepi n g fo r a broke n co ve na nt A c l e a r proo f o f the st a te
of m i nd in w hich t he s e m
.

i s er a b l e p eop l e su ffered .

31
362 S O RC ERY A ND M A GIC .

C H A P T ER XX I X .

THE W I T C H ES OF M OH R A I N S W E DE N .

IN ge ner a l the co u n trie s o f n orther n Eu rope a ppe a r t o have

bee n l e ss su bj ect to the s e e xte ns i v e w itch pro sec u tio n s th a n t he -

s o u th a l tho u gh there the a nc ie nt po pu l a r su per stitio ns reigne d

P rob a b ly thi s l a tter circ u m
,

i n gre a t force st a nc e co n trib u ted not

a l i t t l e to the e xtr a ordi na r y ch a r a cter a s su m

.

ed b y a c a s e o f thi s
n a t u re w hich d u ri n g the y e a r s 1 6 69 a nd 1 67 0 c a u s ed a gre a t
, , ,

s e ns a tio n thro u gho u t S w ede n a nd dre w a l s o the a tt e n tio n of

other co u ntrie s I t bega n in a di strict w hich w o u l d s ee mby it s

,

na m e o f El fd a l e to h a ve bee n the pec u l i a r do m

m
.

a i n o f t h e f a irie s ,

a nd the chi e f a ctor s in it w ere chi l dre n w ho a ccordi n g to t he

, ,

o l d pop u l a r be l ie f the fa irie s w ere a l w a y s o n the l ook o u t t o

,

c a rry a w a y .

T he v i ll a ge s o f M ohr a a nd El fd a l e a r e s itu a ted in th e d a l e s

o f the m o u nt a i no u s di stricts o f the ce ntr a l p a rt o f S w ede n I n
the r s t o f the y e a r s a b o v e m
.

-
e ntioned a st r a nge report w ent
,

a bro a d th a t the chi l dre n o f the n e ighborhood w ere c a rried a w a y

n ightly to a p l a ce the y c a ll ed Bl o c k u l a w here the y w ere r e
a n d the chi l dre n the m
,

ce iv ed b y S a t a n in per s o n s e l v e s w ho

w ere the a u thor s o f the report poi nted o u t to nu m ero u s w o m

,

en
w ho the y sa id w ere w itche s a n d c a rried the mthither
,

We
h a v e no i nfor m a tio n a s to the m
.

a nn er in w hich thi s a ff a ir a ro s e

o r ho w it w a s r s t m a de pu b l ic b u t w ithi n a short s p a c e o f ti m
,

e
n e a r ly a l l the chi l d re n o f the di s trict be c a m e c om pro m
,

i s ed i n it
a n d a greed in n e a rly the s a m
,

e story T he y a s s erted in the

s tro n ge s t m a nn er t he fa ct o f their bei n g c a rried a w a y in m
.

u l ti

tu de s t o the pl a ce o f g ho stly re nde z vou s a nd w e a r e to l d tha t

the p a l e a nd e m v icti m
,

a ci a ted a ppe a r a n ce o f the s e l

j u ve n i e s
g a v e co n s i s te n c y to their s t a te me nts a l tho u gh there w a s the
te sti m
,

o ny o f their o w n p a rent s th a t d u ri ng their prete n ded a b

s e n ce the y ha d ne ver b ee n m i s s ed fro mho m e
S om e o f the i ncide nts in thi s s i ngu l a r a nd tra gic a l c a s e s eem
.

to h a v e bee n borro w ed fro mthe w itchcr a ft c a s e s in Fra n c e a nd -

G erm a ny a l t ho u gh it is no t v ery e a s y to u n der s t a n d ho w thi s

,

cou l d h a v e b ee n the c a s e in w h a t w a s e vide n tly a v ery retired

p a r t o f t he co u ntry . T h e m i n i s ter s e ems t o h a v e s ha r e d l ar ge ly
 T H E EX A M INA T I O N . 363

in the de l u s io n a n d he m p
a y perh a s h a v e bee n i nvo l u nt a ri ly the

me a ns o f w orki ng the s tory o f t he chi l dre n i nto it s ni shed for m

,

T he a l a r ma nd terror in the di s t rict b ec a m

.

e s o gre a t t ha t a r e
port w a s a t l a st m a de to the k i n g w ho n o m i na t ed com mi ss ion
,

er s p a rtly c l er gy a nd p a rt ly l a y m
,

e n to i nq u ire i nto the ext r a o r

d in a r y c irc u m
,

s t a n ce s w hich ha d bee n bro u ght u n der his n otice

a n d the s e co m mis s io ners a rri ve d in M ohr a a n d a nnou n ced th eir

,

i n te ntion o f Ope n i ng their proceedi ngs o n the 1 3t h o f A u gu s t ,

1 67 0
t the co m mi ss ion ers met a t the p a rson
.

O n the 1 2 t h of A u gu s

he a rd the co m p l a i nt s o f the m
,

a g e ho u s e , a n d
-
i ni s ter a n d s e v er a l
eop l e o f the better c l a s s w ho to l d the mO f the m i s er a b l e co n
p
ditio n the y w ere in a nd pr a y ed th a t by s o m e m
,

e a ns o r other
the y m ight be de l i vered fro mthe c a l a m
,

ity T he y gr a v e ly tol d
t he co m mi s s ioners th a t b y the h el p o f w itche s so me hu ndred O f
.

the ir chi l dre n ha d bee n dr a w n t o S a t a n w ho ha d bee n s e en to ,

i n a v i s ib l e s h a pe thro u h t he co u ntr y a n d to a ppe a r d a i ly

g o g
the poorer s ort o f the m the y s a id heha d s ed u ced
,

t o the peop l e
b y fe a s ti n g t he mw ith m e a t a nd dri n k P r a y er s a nd h u m
, ,

i li a
.

tio n s it a ppe a rs ha d bee n ord ere d by the ch u rch a u thoritie s

, , ,

a n d w ere s trictly ob s er ved b u t the i nh a bit a nt s O f the v i ll a ge

l a me nted be fore the co m mi ss ioner s th a t they ha d bee n o f n o
,

a v a i l a nd th a t their chi l dr en w ere c a rri ed a w a y b y the e nd in

,

s pi t e o f their de votio n s T he y th ere fore e a rn e s tl y begged th a t

t he w itche s w ho ha d b ee n the c a u s e o f the e v i l m
.

ight be rooted
o u t a n d th a t the y m
, i ght th u s reg a i n their for m er re s t a nd qu iet

n e ss ,
the r a ther th ey s a id b ec a u s e the c h i l dre n w hich u s e d
,

,

t o be c a rr i ed a w a y i n the co u ntr y o r di s trict o f El fd a l e s i nc e

s om e w itche s ha d bee n b u r nt th ere re m a i n ed u nm
,

o l e s te d T hi s
c erta i nly w a s a coge nt a rgu m
.
,

e nt fo r per s ec u tio n .

T he 1 3t h O f A u gu s t w a s the l a s t d a y a ppoi nted fo r pr a y er a nd

hu m i l i a tio n a nd be fore O pe n i ng their co m
,
mi s s io n t he co mmi s
s io n er s w e n t to ch u rch w here there a ppe a re d a co ns ider a b l e
a sse m b ly o f both y ou ng a nd O ld T he chi ldre n c o u l d re a d m
,

o st
Of the m a nd s i ng p sa l m s a n d s o co u l d the w o m
.
,

, ,
e n tho u gh no t ,

w ith a ny gre a t z e a l a n d fer v or T h ere w ere pre a che d t w o s er

mons th a t d a y in w hich the mi s era bl e c a s e o f tho s e peopl e th a t
.

su ff ered the m
,

s e l v e s to be de l u ded b y the de v i l w a s l a i d O pe n

a nd the s e s er m ons w ere a t l a s t con c l u ded w ith v ery fer ve nt

pr a y er T he p u b l ic w or ship bei ng o ver a ll the peop l e o f t he
.
,

t o w n w ere c a l l ed toge t her in the p a r s o n s ho u s e n e a r thre e

thou sa nd O f the m S i l e nc e bei n g co m ma nde d t he ki ng s co m

,

mission w a s rea d pu bl ic ly in the hea ring Of the ma ll a nd they

.
,

,
364 S O RCERY A ND M A GIC .

'
w ere ch a rg ed u n der v e r y gre a t pe na ltie s t o conce a l n o t hi ng of
, ,

w h a t t he y k n ew a nd t o s a y n oth in g b u t t h e tr u th tho s e e spe

o w ere g u i l t y th a t the chi l dre n m v ered fr om
, ,

c ia ll
y w h i ght be de l i
t h e c l u t ches o f the d e v i l ; the y a l l pro m
,

i s ed obed ie n c e ; t he

g u i l t y feig ned ly b u t t he g u i l t l e s s w eepi ng a nd cry i n g b it terly
The co m mi ss io ners e ntered u pon t heir d u t ie s o n the n e x t day
, .

w i t h t he u t m o st d i l ig enc e a nd t he re su l t o f their m i s g u ided zeal

for m ed o n e o f t h e m o s t re m a rk a b l e e xa m
,

pl e s O f cru e l a nd r e
mo r s eless p ers ec u tio n th a t sta i n the a nna l s o f sorce r y NO less .

t ha n three s core a nd t en i nh a bit a n t s o f the v i ll a ge a n d di s tr ict Of

M ohr a three a n d t w enty o f w ho mm
- -
a de co nfe s s io ns w ere con

d em O ne w o m
, ,

n ed a nd ex ec u t ed a n p l e a ded th a t s he w a s w ith
.

chi l d a nd the re s t de nied their gu i l t a n d the s e w ere s e nt to

F a hlu n a w here m o st o f the m w ere a fter w a rd pu t t o de a t h
, ,

F i ftee n chi l dre n w ere a m

.
,

o ng tho s e w ho su er ed de a th a nd
'

thirty s ix m
,

-
or e O f di ff er ent a ge s bet w ee n n i ne a nd s i xtee n w ere
, ,

for c ed to r u n the g a u nt l et a nd be s co u rged o n the h a nd s a t the

ch u rch door e v ery S u nd a y fo r o ne y e a r ; w hi l e t w e nty m
,

-
ore
w ho h a d b een dr a w n i nto the s e pr a c tice s m
,

ore u nw i ll i n gly a nd
w ere v er y y o u n g w ere co n de m
,

n ed t o be s co u rged w it h rod s
,

U po n t heir h a nd s fo r t hree s u cce s s i v e S u n d a y s a t t h e ch u rch

door T he nu m
. ber o f the chi l dre n a cc u s ed w a s a b o u t thre e
h u ndred
I t a ppe a r s th a t the co m mi ssioners bega n b y ta k ing the con
.

f e ss i o ns o f t he chi l dre n a nd the n the y co nfro nted the mw ith the

w itche s w h o m
,

the chi l dre n a cc u s e d a s their s e d u cer s T hel a tter

mo s t o f the m
.
,

t o u s e the w ord s o f the a u thori z ed re p ort h a v i ng

chi ldre n w i t h t he m w hi ch t he y ha d either s ed u c ed o r a t t e m
,

pted
t o s ed u c e s o m e s e ven y e a r s o f a g e na y fro mfo u r t o s i xtee n
,

y e a r s n o w a ppe a red be fore t he co m mi ss ioners S om

, , ,

e O f t he
chi l dr en co m p l a i ned l a m e nta b ly O f the m i s ery a nd m
.
,

i s chie f the y
w ere forced s o m eti m e s t o su ff er O f the d e v i l a nd the w itche s
.

B ei n g a s ke d w hether the y w ere su re t h a t the y w er e a t a ny

t im e c a rri ed a w a y b y the de vil the y a ll rep l ied in the a f r m
, , ,

H ere u po n t he w itc he s the m

,

ti ve s e l v e s w ere a s ked w heth er

the co nfess io ns o f tho s e chi l dre n w ere tr u e a nd a d m

.
,

oni shed t o
co nfe ss t he t r u th tha t the y m ight tu r n a w a y fromthe de v i l u nto
,

the l i v i ng G o d A t r s t m o st o f the mdid v ery st ily a nd w ith

,

sheddi ng the l e a s t te a r de ny it tho u gh m

.
, ,

ou t u ch a g a i n s t their
A fter thi s the chi l dre n w ere e x a m
, ,

w i ll a nd i n c l i na tio n i ne d
e very o n e b y the m
.

s e l ve s to s e e w hether their co nfe s s io ns did

a gree o r no a nd t he co m mi ss io ner s fo u nd tha t a l l of the mex
,

c ept s o m e very l itt l e o ne s w hich cou l d no t te ll a ll t he c i r cu m

, ,

,
 THE WIT C HES C O NFESS . 365

st a n c e s did pu nct u a ll y a gree in their confe s s ions o f p a rtic u l a r s

I n the m e a nw hi l e the co m mi ss ioners th a t w ere O f t he c l ergy
, .

ex a m d the w itche s b u t co u l d n o t bri ng the mto a ny c o nfes

,

in e
s io n a l l co n ti nu i ng s te a d fa s t i n their de n i a l s t ill a t l a s t s o m
,

e of
the mb u r s t o u t i nto te a r s a nd th eir co nfe ss io n a greed w ith w h a t
,
.
,

t he chi l dre n s a id ; a nd t ho s e e x pre ss ed their a bhorre nce o f the

f a ct a n d begged p a rdo n a ddi ng th a t the de vi l w ho m the y
c a ll ed Lo cyt a ha d stopped the m o u th s O f so m e o f the m so l o a th
, , ,

, ,

w a s h e to p a rt w ith hi s pre y a nd ha d s topped the e a r s o f other s

a n d bei ng no w go ne fro m the m the y cou l d no l o n ger co nce a l
,

,

it for the y ha d no w percei ved his tre a cher y
, .

T he v a riou s co nfe ss io ns n o t o n ly o f t he w itche s a nd ch i l dre n

in M ohr a b u t o f tho s e o f Elfd a l e pre s e nte d a re m
,

a rk a b l e u ni

for m ity e ve n in their m ore m

, ,

, i nu te det a i l s T he y a l l a s s erted .

th a t the y w ere c a rried to a p l a ce c a ll ed Blo ck u l a a l tho u gh t he y ,

a ppe a r t o h a v e bee n ignor a nt w here o r a t ho w gre a t a di s t a n ce it

l a y a nd t h a t the y w ere there f e a sted b y the a rch en d

, T he -
.

c o nf e s s io n O f the w itche s o f El fd a l e r a n thu s W e o f t he prov

i n c e o f El fda l e do co nfe s s th a t w e u s e d to go to a gr a v e l pit
,
-
,

w hich l ie s h a rd b y a cro s s w a a nd there w e p u t o n a ve s t o v er

y
-
,

o u r he a d s a nd the n d a nced ro u nd ; a nd a fter thi s r a n to the cro ss

,

w a y a n d c a ll ed the de vi l thric e r st w ith a s ti ll v oice the s ec

o nd ti m e so m e w h a t l o u der a nd the t hird t i m
, , ,

e v er y l o u d w ith
A ntece s s or co m
, ,

t he s e w ord s e a n d c a rry u s to B lo ck u l a )
W hereu pon i m
.

medi a te ly he u s ed to a ppe a r ; b u t in di ff ere nt ha b

, ,

it s b u t for the m o st p a rt w es a w himin a gr a y co a t a nd red a nd

'

b l u e st oc k i ng s ; he ha d a red b o a r d a high cro w ned h a t w ith ,

-
,

l i n e n o f di ver s col or s w r a pt a bou t it a nd l o ng ga rter s u po n his

v er y re m
,

s tocki ng s I i a rk a b l e s a y s t he report th a t t h e de v i l
[ t s .
, ,

n e v er a ppe a r s to the w itche s w i t h a s w ord b y hi s s ide ] T he n he

a s ked u s w hether w e w o u l d s er ve h imw i t h s o u l a nd bod y
.

,
If .

w ew ere co nte nt to do s o he s et u s o n a be a s t w hi ch he ha d there

,

r e a d y a n d c a rri ed u s o ver ch u rche s a n d hi g h w a ll s a nd a fter

a ll w e c a m e t o a gree n m e a do w w here Blo ck u l a l ie s W e m
, ,

u st

m
.

p roc u re s o e s cr a pi n g s o f a l t a r s a n d l i n g s o f
,
ch u rc h c l ock s ; -

a nd the n he g a ve u s a hor n w ith a s a l v e in it w here w it h w e do

a n oi nt o u r s e l v e s a nd a s a dd l e w ith a h a m mer a nd a w oode n na i l
, ,

, ,

t hereb y to fi x the s a d d l e ; w here u po n w e c a ll u pon the de v i l a nd ,

a w a y w e go

T he w i t che s o f M ohr a m a de s i m i l a r s t a te m
.

e nt s ; a nd bei ng
a s k ed w hether the y w ere s u re o f a re a l per s o n a l t r a ns port a t io n ,

a n d w hether the y w ere a w a ke w he n it t ook p l a ce th ey a l l a n

s w er ed in the a ffir m a ti ve; a n d the y s a i d th a t the de vi l s o m et i m

,

es

31
366 S O RC ERY A ND M AGIC .

l a id s om ethi ng do w n in their pl a ce th a t w a s very l i k e the m; b u t

o ne o f the ma s s erted th a t he did o nly t a k e a w a y

her s tre ngt h
w hi l e her bod y l a y s ti ll u po n the gro u nd tho u gh s o m eti m
,

e s he ,

took a w a y her bod y a l s o T he y w ere the n a s ked ho w the y

co u l d go w ith their bodie s thro u gh chi m
.
,

ne y s a nd u nbroke n p a n e s
O f g l a s s ; to w hich the y rep l ied th a t the de v i l did r s t re m o ve
a ll th a t m ight hi nder the min their ight a nd so the y ha d room
,

e no u gh to go O t h er s w ho w ere a sk ed ho w the y w ere a b l e t o

c a rry so m a ny chi l dre n w ith the msa id th a t the y c a m
.
,

e i nto the
ch a m ber w here the chi l dre n l a y a sl eep a nd l a id ho l d o f the m
,

u po n w hich the y a w ok e ; the y the n a s ked the mw hether the y

, ,

w o u l d go t o a f e a s t w ith the m T o w hich s o m e a ns w ered Y es ;

.
,

other s NO y et the y w ere a ll forced to go the y o nly g a v e the

, ,

chi l dre n a shirt a nd a co a t a nd do u b l et w hich w a s either r ed

t the mu po n a be a s t o f the de v i l s pro v i
, , ,

o r b l u e a nd s o the y s e

,

di ng a nd the n the y rode a w a y T he chi l dre n co nfe s s ed th a t

thi s w a s tru e a nd s o m e o f the ma dded th a t bec a u s e the y ha d
.
,

u po n the m the y w ere v e r y w i ll i n g to go

, ,

v ery ne c l othe s t
p u

S om e o f the chi l dre n s a id th a t the y co nce a l ed it fro mtheir p a

, .

re nt s w hi l e other s m a de n o s ecret O f their v i s it s t o B l o c k u l a

T he w itche s dec l a red m

, .

oreo v er th a t ti ll O f l a t e the y ha d nev

, , ,

er O w er t o c a rry a w a y chi l dre n b u t o nly thi s y e a r a nd the l a st ;

a n the de v i l did a t th a t ti m e force the mto it ; th a t hereto fore it w a s
,

s u ffi cie nt to c a rry b u t o n e O f their o w n chi l dre n o r a s tr a nger s

chi l d w ith t he mw hich h a pp ened s e l do m b u t no w he did p l a g u e

,

the ma nd w hip t he m if the y did no t proc u re himm

,

an
y chi l dre n
i ns o m u ch th a t the y ha d n o pe a ce no r q u iet fo r hi m
, ,

A nd w here
a s th a t for m erly o nejou rney a w eek w o u l d s er ve their tu r n fro m
.

their o w n to w n to the p l a ce a fo res a id no w the y w ere forc ed to r u n ,

to other to w ns a nd p l a ce s fo r chi l d re n a nd th a t the y bro u gh t w ith

t he ms o m e ftee n s o m
,

e s i xtee n chi l d re n e very night
Thejo u rne y to B l o ck u l a w a s no t a l w a y s m ad e w ith the s a m
.
,

e
ki nd o f co n v e y a n ce ; the y co m mo nly u s ed men b e a sts e ven , ,

s pit s a nd po s t s a ccordi ng a s the y ha d opportu nity T he y pre

f erred ho w e ver ridi n g u po n go a t s a nd if the y ha d m
.
,

ore chi l
dre n w ith the mth a n the a n i m
, , ,

a l co u l d co nv e n ie ntly c a rr y the y

e l o nga ted it s b a ck b y m e a ns O f a s pit a n oi nted w ith their m

,

a gi

c a l oi nt m e nt I t w a s fu rther s t a t ed th a t if the c hi ldre n did a t

m m am s O f tho s e either m an o r w om
.
,

an
y ti e n a e the n e a n th a t
ha d b ee n w ith th ema nd ha d c a r ri ed the ma w a y the y w ere a ga i n
, ,

, ,

c a rried b y for c e ei t her to B lo c k u l a o r the cro ss w a y a nd t here -

be a te n i n s o m u c h th a t s o m e o f t he mdied o f it ; a nd thi s s o m
, ,

,
e of
the w i t che s co nfe s s ed a nd a dded th a t n o w the y w ere e x c eed
, ,
 DE S C RI PT I O N O F BLOC K ULA . 367

a nd tort u r ed in th eir m
in e ntin to con rmthi s circ u msta c
ro u b lted i nd s fo r it

th ir
O
co
n e thi
io
ng .

w as w a g n e o f e n fe s s n
T he m
.

a rk s o f t he w hip co u l d n o t b e fo u nd o n t he p er s o ns o f t he

v icti m s exc e pt o n o ne b o y w ho ha d so me w o u nd s a nd ho l es in
h is b a ck th a t w er e g i v en himw ith thor ns ; b u t t he w itch es sa id
, ,

,

t h ey w o u l d qu ick ly va n i sh
T he co n fes s io ns w er e v ery m
.

i nu t e in r eg a rd t o t he eff ect s o f

t hej o u r ney o n t he chi l dr en a ft er th eir r etu r n Th ey a r e s a y s .
,

t he hi s tory exc eedi ng ly w ea k a nd if a ny b ec a rri ed o v er n i g ht

they ca n no t r ecov er th em
, ,

se lv es t he next d a y a nd th ey o ften fa ll
int o t s ; t he co m
,

i ng o f w hich th ey k no w by a n extr a ordi na ry

p a l en es s th a t s ei z es o n t he chi l dr en a nd w h en a t co m es u po n
t h emt h ey l ea n u po n th eir m oth er s a r m m
,

s w ho s it s u ith th e

p w
so m eti m
, , ,

es a ll ni g ht a nd w h en t h ey ob s er v et hep a l eness s h a k et he
, ,

chi l dr e n b u t to n o p u rpo s e Th e y ob s er v e fu rth er th a t th eir chi l

dr en s br ea s ts g ro w co l d a t su ch ti m es a nd th ey t a k es om et im
, .
, ,

es a

,

b u r ni ng c a nd l e a nd s tick it in their h a ir w hich yet is not b u rn ed

b y it Th ey s w oo n u po n t hi s p a l en es s w hich s w oo n l a st et h s o m
,

e
t im e h a l f a n ho u r s o m eti mes a n ho u r s o m eti m
.
,

es t w o ho u r s a nd
w h en t he chi l dr en co m e to th em lv es a g a i n th ey m
, , ,

se o u r n a nd
la m ent a nd g ro a n m o st m
,

i s era b ly a nd b eg exc eedi ngly to b e

Thi s t he o ld m
, ,

ea s ed . en d ec l a r ed u po n o a th b efor e t he j u d g es ,

a n d c a ll e d t he i nha bit a nts o f t he to w n to w it n ess a s p er s ons th a t

ha d m o s t o f th emexp eri enc e o f t he s tro ng sym pt o m
,

s o f th eir

c hi l dr e n .

O ne l itt l e g irl in El fd a l e confes s ed th a t h a pp en i ng a cc id enta l

l y t o u tt er t he n a m
,

e o f J esu s a s s he w a s c a rri ed a w a y she fell

, ,

s u dd enly u po n t h e ro u nd a n d r e c eiv ed a h u rt in he r s id e w hic h

g , ,

t he d ev i l pr es ently h ea l ed a nd a w a y he c a rri ed her

A bo y o f t he s a m
.
,

e di s trict s a id th a t o ne d a y he w a s c a rri ed
a w a y w ith his m i s tr es s ; a nd to p er for mt hejo u r ney he took his
fa th er s hor s e o u t o f t he m ea do w w h er e it w a s f eedi ng a nd u po n

, ,

his r etu r n s he l et t h e hors e g o i n to h er o w n g ro u nd The n ext

morn i ng t he boy s fa ther sou ght for t he hor s e a nd no t ndi ng it
, .

in it s p l a c e i m a i n ed th a t it w a s l o s t ti ll t he bo y to l d hi mt he
,

g , ,

w ho l es tory a nd t hefa th er fo u n d t hehor s ea ccordi ng to his chi ld s

s t a t em
,

ent .

T he a cco u nt th ey g a v e o f Bl o ck u l a w a s th a t it w a s s it u a t ed
in a l a r g e m
,

ea do w l ik e a p l a i n s ea w h er ei n yo u c a n s ee no
T he ho u s e th ey m
, ,

end et a t ha d a g r ea t g a t e p a i nted w ith
ma ny di v ers co l ors Throu gh thi s g a te th ey w ent i nto a l ittl e
.

mea do w di s ti nct fro mt he other a nd h er e th ey t u rned th eir a ni

.

mal s t o gra ze Wh en th ey ha d ma deu seo f men fo r th eir bea st s

,

.
 '

368 S O R CE RY A ND M A GI C .

of b u rthen th ey set th emu p a g a i ns t t he w a ll in a st a te o f h el p

less s l u m b er a nd th er e th ey r em d ti ll w a nt ed fo r t he ho m
,

a i ne e
I n a v er y l a r g e roo mo f thi s ho u s e s tood a l o ng t a
,

w a rd i g h t
b l e a t w hich t he w it c h es s a t do w n a nd a dj oi ni ng t o thi s roo m
.
,

w a s a noth er ch a m
,

b er w h er e th er e w er e l o v ely a nd d el ic a t e
,

b ed s .

A s s oo n a s th ey a rriv ed a t Bl o ck u l a t hev i s it er s w er e r eq u ir ed
to d eny th eir b a pti s m a nd d evot e them
,

selv es bod y a nd s o u l to
S a ta n w ho mth ey pro m
,

i s ed to ser v e fa ith fu lly H er eu po n hecu t

th eir ng er s a nd th ey w rot e th eir na m
.
,

e w ith b l ood in his book

H e th en c a u sed th emto b e b a pti z ed a new b y pri est s a ppoi nt ed
.
,

f or th a t p u rpo s e Upo n t hi s t h ed evi l g a v eth ema p u r s e w h er ei n

,

.
,

t h er e w er e l i ng s o f c l ock s w ith a b ig s to ne ti ed t o it w hich, ,

th ey thr ew i nto t he w a t er a nd s a id A s th es e l i ng s o f t he c l ock

do nev er r et u r n to t he c l ock fro m w hich th ey w er e t a k en so
, ,

ma y my so u l nev er r etu rn t o h ea v en ! A noth er di f cu l ty a ro se

, ,

i n v eri fy i ng thi s st a t em ent th a t few o f t he chi l dr en ha d a ny

ma rk s o n th eir ng ers to s ho w w h ere th ey ha d b een o u t Bu t
,

h er e a g a i n t he s tory w a s h el p ed by a g ir l w ho ha d her ng er
mu ch hu rt a nd w ho d ecl a r ed th a t b ec a u s e shew ou l d no t s tretch
, ,

o u t he r ng er t h e d evi l i n a n er ha d th u s w o u nd e d it
g
W h en th es ec er em o ni es w er eco m
, .

p l et ed t he w itch es s a t do w n
a t t he t a b l e t ho s e w ho mt he en d es t ee med mo st b ei ng p l a c ed
,

n ea r est to him; b u t t he chi l dr en w er e m

,

a d e to st a nd n e a r t he

door w h er e he hi m se l f g a v e t h emm ea t a nd dri nk P erh a p s w e

ma y l ook for t he ori g i n o f thi s p a rt o f t he s tory in t he p a g es o f
, .

P i err e d e L a n cr e T he food w i t h w hich t he vi s it er s to Bl ock

.

u la w e r e r eg a l ed co ns i st ed o f broth w ith co l ew orts a nd b a co n

i n it ; o a t m mil k a nd cheese
, ,

ea l br ea d s pr ea d w ith b u tt er
So m eti m es th ey s a id it t a st ed v ery w ell a n d s o m eti m
, .

es v ery i ll
A ft er m
, , , .

ea l s th ey w ent t o d a nci ng a nd it w a s o ne p ec u l i a rity o f ,

t h es e n orth ern w itch es s a bb a th s th a t t h e d a n c e w a s u s u a lly fo l

,

l o w ed by g hti ng Tho s e o f Elfd a l e con fes s ed th a t t he d evi l

d to p l a y u po n a h a rp b efor e th em A noth er p ec u l i a rity o f
.

u se

th es e n orth er n w itch es w a s th a t chi l dr en r esu l ted fro mth eir i n

.
.

t er c o u s e w ith S a t a n a nd th es e chi l dr en h a v i n m
,

a rri e d to e th er
g g
b ec a m
, ,

e t h e p a r ent s o f to a d s a nd s erp ent s S a ta n l o v ed t o p l a y .

t rick s u po n h is s u bj ect s O ne d a y he pr et end ed to b ed ea d a nd

m m
.
, ,

s i ng u l a r ly en o u h th e r e w as r e t l e n t tio n o n t he
g ,
a
g a a a a
g
w itch es a t B l o c k u l a ; b u t he s oo n sho w ed s i g ns o f l i fe I f he
ha d a m i nd to b e mer r y w i t h t h emh e l et th ema ll rid e u po n
.

for ehima nd ni s h ed b y t a ki ng t heS p its a nd b ea ti ng th em

,

s pits b e

b l a ck a nd b l u e a nd th en l a u g h ed a t th em Th en he t o l d them
,

, .
 TH E WIT C HE S O F S W E DE N .
369

t h a t t he da y of j u dgm ent w a s a t h a nd a nd set th emto b u i l d a

a t ho u s e o f s to ne pro m
,

r e i s i n g th a t in hi s ho u s e he w o u l d e
g p r

mfro mG od s w r a th a nd c a u s e th emto enjoy t he g r ea t

,

s erv eth e

,

es t d el i ghts a nd p l ea s u r es ; b u t w hi l e th ey w er e h a rd a t w ork he
m m
,

ca u s ed a g r e a t p a rt o f t hew ork to fa ll do w n u o n th e n d o e
p a s

s w er e s ev er ely h u rt w hich m a d e hi ml a u h
,

o f t he w itch e
g
S om e o f t he chi l dr en s pok e o f a v ery g r ea t d em
, .

o n l ik e a dr a g
o n w ith r e ro u n d a bo u t hi m a nd b o u nd w ith a n iro n c h a i n ;

mth a t if th ey confess ed a nythi ng hew ou l d

, ,

a nd t he d ev i l to l d the

t th a t g r ea t d ev i l l oo s e u po n th emw h er eb y a ll S w ed en s ho u l d
,

se

co m
,

e i nto g r ea t d a n g er .Th ey s a id th a t t he d ev i l ha d a ch u rc h
t h er e l ik e th a t in t he vi ll a g eo f M ohr a Wh en heh ea rd th a t t he
co m mi ss io ner s wer e co mi ng he tol d t he w itch es th ey sh o u ld n o t
.

fea r th em fo r he w o u l d c erta i nly ki ll th ema ll

,

A n d th ey co n
fess ed so m eo f th emha d a t t em p t ed to m r t he co m mi s s io ner s
, .

u r de

So m e o f t he chi ldr en i m
,

b u t ha d no t b een s u cc ess fu l .
p rov e d
U po n th es e s tori e s a nd to l d o f a w hit e a n e l w hich ed to
g u s

forbid th emw h a t t he d evi l ha d bid th emd o a nd to l d th a t t h es e

, ,

thi n g s s ho u l d no t l a s t l o ng w h a t ha d b een do ne ha d b een

p er mi t t ed b ec a u s e o f t he s in a nd w ick ed n es s o f t he p eop l e
,

a n d th eir p a r en t s ; a n d th a t t he c a rry i n a w a y o f t he chi l dr e n

g
sho u l d b e m ade m a n i fes t A nd they a d d ed t h a t thi s w hit e a n
u l d p l a c ehi m so m m
.
,

g e l w o se l f e ti e s a t t hedoor b e t w e e n t hew itch es

a n d t he chi l dr en a n d th a t w h e
,
n th ey c a m e to B l o ck u l a he p u ll ed
t he chi l dr en b a ck b u t t he w itch es w ent o n
,
.

T he w itch es o f S w ed en a pp ea r to h a v e b een l es s n oxio u s th a n

tho s e o f m o s t o t her co u ntri es fo r w h a t ev er th ey a ck no w l ed g ed
t h em l v es th er e s eem n no evid enc e o f m
, ,

se s to h a ve b ee i s chi ef
do ne b y them Th ey co nfes s ed th a t th ey w er e ob l i g ed to p r o m
,

is e S a t a n th a t they w o u l d d o a ll k i n d o f m
.

i s chi ef a nd th a t t he
d evi l t a u ght th emt o m i l k w hich w a s a ft er thi s m
,

,
a n ner Th ey .

u s ed to s tick a k n i fe i n t he w a ll a n d h a n g a ki nd o f l a b e
,
l o n it ,

w hich th ey dr ew a nd s trok ed ; a nd a s l o ng a s thi s l a st ed t h e

p er s o ns t h ey ha d po w er o ver w er e m
,

i s er a b ly pl a gu ed a nd t he
b ea s t s w er e m i l k ed tha t w a y ti ll s o m eti m
,

es t h ey di ed o f i t A
w om
.
,

a n co nfe sse d th a t t hed evi l g a v e her a w ood en k ni fe w h er e ,

w i t h g oi ng i nto ho u s es s he ha d po w er to ki ll a nyt hi ng s he
, ,

t o u ch ed w ith it ; y et th er e w er e f ew th a t w o u l d co n fes s th a t th ey
ha d h u rt a ny m a n or w o m an B ei ng a s k ed w h eth er th ey ha d
mu rd ered a ny chi l dren t h ey co nfes s ed t h a t th ey ha d i nd eed tor
.

mea ted ma ny b u t did no t k no w w h eth er a ny o f themdi ed o f

,

th es e p l a g u es a l tho u g h th ey s a id th a t t hed ev i l ha d sho w ed th em

,

r e he ha d t he po w er t o d o m
,

se ve r a l pla c e s w he i schi ef T he .
 6:
.
"
f. l .

-
'3 1 2 x ;

8 t

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I
z r 'r
,

{3 31 20 S h o w so e m
'
Zu i a 1 u na n i
. m
o u sly
-w
l : hev fo u nd t h a t a ll
(i t r
f f: :
y
-

m m m
, a .

a n d f u r : d ev il a t t hi s t i e a pp ea r ed
'

I -
. J r ,

ver y t a r n i a o n h is ha nd i a nd feet , w i t h horns o n

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h i : he
t
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b ehi nd , a nd s h o w ed th e a p it b u r ni ng ,
 T H E END OF TH E I NQUIRY . 37 1

w ith a h a n d ou t ; b u t t he d evi l did thru st t he p erso n do w n a g a i n

w i th a n iro n fork a n d s u gg es t ed t o t he w itch es th a t if th ey co n
t i n ned in th eir co n fes s io n he w o u l d d ea l w ith th emin t he s a m
,

e
ma nner
,

.

S u ch a r e t he d et a i l s a s fa r a s th ey ca n n o w b e obt a i ned o f
t h i s extr a ordi na ry d el u s io n t he o n ly o n e o f a s i m
, ,

, i l a r ki nd th a t
w e k no w to h a v e occ u rr ed in t h e n orth er n p a rt o f Eu rop e d u

r in g t he a g e o f w itchcr a ft I n oth er co u ntri es w e ca n g en
er a l ly tr a c e s o m
.

e p a r t ic u l a r c a u s e w hich g a v e ri s e to g r ea t
p er s ec u tio n s o f thi s ki nd b u t h er e a s t he s tory is to l d w e s ee
, , ,

n o n e fo r it is h a rd ly l ik ely th a t s u ch a s tr a ng e s e ri es o f a cc u s a
t io n s s ho u l d h a v e b een t he m
,

er e i n vol u nt a r y cr ea tio n o f a pa rty

o f l i t t l ech il d r e S u s picio n is exc it ed b y t hep ec u l i a r p a rt w hich

t h e t w o c l ergy m
.

en o f Elfd a l e a nd M ohr a a ct ed in it th a t th ey
Th ey s eemt o
,

w er e no t a l to g eth er s tr a ng er s to t he fa bric a tio n

h a v eb een w ea k s u per s titio u s m
.

en a nd p erh a p s th ey ha d b een r ea d
ing t h ew itchcr a ft book s o f t hes o u th ti ll th ey i m
,

a i ne
g d t h e co u n tr y
r o u n d th emt o b e ov err u n w ith th e s e noxio u s b ei ng s T he pro
c eed ing s a t M ohr a c a u s ed s o m u ch a l a r m thro u hou t S w e
.

g d en ,

t h a t pr a y er s w er e ord er ed in a ll t he ch u rch es fo r t h e d el i v er y
fro mt he sna r es o f S a t a n w ho w a s b el i ev ed to h a v eb een l et l oo s e
i n th a t ki ngdo m O n a s u dd en a new edict o f t he ki ng p u t a s top
,

to t h ew ho lep r o c ess a nd t he m
.

a tt er w a s bro u ght to a c l o s er a th er

my s terio u sly It is s a id th a t t hew itch pros ec u tion w a s incr ea s

,

i ng s o m n s i t y th a t a cc u s a tio ns b eg a n to b e m
-
.

u ch in i n t e a de

opl e o f h igh er c l a ss in s oci ety a nd th en a co m

,

a g a i ns t p e pl a i nt
was m
,

a d e to t he ki ng a nd th e y w ere stopp ed P erh a p s t het w o

c l er gym en th em l ves b ec a m e a l a rm ed b u t o ne thi ng s eem
, .

se s ce r

t a i n th a t t he m om ent t he co m mi ss io n w a s r ev ok ed a nd t he p er
,

d no m
, ,

se c u t io n c ea s e or e w itch es w er e hea rd o f It w a s thu s

in m o s t cou ntri es ; a s l o n g a s t he poor a l o n e w er e t he v icti m
.
,

th eir su ff eri n g s exc i t ed l ittl e co m mi sera tion b u t t he mo ment t he

,

p er s ec u tio n b eg a n t o r ea ch t he rich it exc it ed th eir a l a r m a nd

,

mea ns w er e fo u nd to p u t a stop to it exc ept w h en it ha d s o me

, ,

u l te rior obj ect w hich it w a s t he int er est o f tho se in po w er t o

u rsu e
p .
372 S O R CE RY A ND M A GI C .

C H A P T ER XXX .

si n M A T T HE W HAL E A ND CH IEF -
J US T C I E H O LT .

O N t he t enth o f M a rch , 1 664 , th er e w a s a r e a rk a b l e tri a l of m

m
w itch es a t B u ry S t Ed o nd s , in S u ff ol k , t he s c en e o f t he l a
.

bor s o f M a tth ew H opki ns nea r ly t w enty y ea r s b efor e The

m
.

v icti s w e r e t w o poor w ido w s o f Lo w es t o ff , w ho a pp ea r to h a v e

m m
obta i ned a l iv i ng by p er for i ng a nu b er o f eni a l o f c es for m
th eir nei ghbor s O ne o f t he chi ef w itnes s es w a s a w o a n of m
m m
.

t he s a e to w n , na ed D orothy D u r ent , w ho d epo s ed th a t , a bou t

m
ve or s ix y ea r s b efor e, s he ha d e p l oy ed A y D u ny , o n e of m
t h e pri s o ner s , t o n u r s e her i nfa n t chi l d w hi l e s he w en t o u t of
t he ho u s e a bo u t h er a ff a ir s , a nd th a t o n Her r etu rn she q u a rr e lled
w ith h er fo r h a v i ng a ct ed co n tr a r y to her dir ectio ns , u po n w hich
m
A y D u ny w ent a w a y in a n g er , u tt eri ng m
a ny hi h expr e
g s

s io n s a nd thr e a te ni ng s p eech es

. m
T he s a e n i g ht her child
w a s s ei z ed w ith s tr a n g e a nd d a ng ero u s t s A nd t he s a id ex
m
.

a ina n t fu r t h er s a id , t ha t s he b ei ng exc eedi ng ly tro u b l ed a t her

m
chi ld s di st e p er , d id g o to a c ert a i n p er s o n na ed D octor Job

m
m
J a cob , w ho l i v ed a t Y a r ou th , w ho ha d t he r ep u ta tio n i n t he
co u nt ry to h el p chi l dr en th a t w er e b ew itc hed w ho a dvi s ed her
to h a ng u p t he chi l d s b l a nk et in t h e chi ney corn er a l l da y,

m -

a nd a t ni ht , w h e n sh e u t t he chi l d t o b e d to t it i n to t h e
g p , p u
s a id b l a nk et ; a n d if she fo u nd a ny thi n
g i n it s h e sho u l d n o t b e
a f r a id , b u t to thro w it i nto t he r e A nd thi s d epo n ent did a c
.

cordi ng to his dir ection , a nd a t n i ght , w h en s he took do w n t he ,

b l a nk et w ith a n int ent to p u t her chi l d th er ei n , th er e fell ou t of

t he s a m e a g r ea t to a d , w hich r a n u p a nd do w n t he h ea rth , a nd
s he h a v i n y o y o th o ly w ith h e i t h e ho e d e s ir ed
g a u n
g u n r n u s
m
,

hi to c a tch t he to a d a n d thro w it i nto t he r e, w hich t he y o u th

did a ccordi ng ly , a nd h el d it th er e w ith t he to ng s a nd a s s oo n
a s it w a s in t he r e, it ma de a
g r ea t a n d horrib l e noi s e, a nd a ft e r
a s p a c e t he r e w a s a a shi ng i n t h e r el ik e g u npo w d er , a ki ng m
a noi s e l ik e t he di s ch a r e o f a pi s to l a nd th er eu po n t he to a d
g
m
,

w a s no or e s een no r h ea rd I t w a s a sk ed b y t he co u rt , if th a t
.

a ft er t he n oi s e a n d a s hi n th e r e w t t h e b t c e o f t he
g a s n o s u s a n
m
to a d to b e s een to co ns u e in t he r e a nd it w a s a ns w er ed by
t he s a id D oroth y D u r ent th a t a ft er t he a s hi n a nd no is e t her e
, g ,
 T HE WIT C H E S O F LO WESTOFF . 373

w a s no more ee s th a n if th er e ha d b een none th er e T he next

n
m m a n a ki n s w o m m
.

da th er e c e a you n w o n o f t h e s id A
y a
g a ,
a
y ,

a nd a n e i g hbor o f t hi s d epo nent a nd to l d thi s d epo nent th a t her

a u nt m a n i ng t he s a id A m s in a m m
,

( e y) w a o s t l a e n t a b l e co n di
tio n h a v ing her fa c e a l l s corch ed w ith r e a n d th a t she w a s
s i tt i ng a l o n e in her ho u s e i n h er s m
, ,

ock w itho u t a ny r e A nd
th er eu po n thi s d epo nent w ent i nto t he hou se o f t he sa id A m
, , .

y
D u n y to s ee her a nd fo u nd her in t he s a m
, e co nditio n a s w a s
rel a ted t o her f or her fa c e her l eg s a nd thi g h s w hich thi s d e
po n ent s a w s eem ed v er y m
, , , ,

u ch s corch e d a nd b u rnt w ith r e a t

w hich thi s d epo nen t s eem ed m
, ,

u ch t o w o nd e r a nd a s k ed t he
s a id A m am
,

y h o w s h e c e i n to t h a t s a d co ndi t io n ; a nd t he s a id

Am y r ep l i ed t ha t s h e m i g ht th a nk h e r fo r it fo r th a t s he t hi s , ,

d epo nent w a s t he c a u s e t h er eo f b u t th a t she s ho u l d l i v e to s ee

so m
, ,

e o f her chi l dr en d ea d a nd s he u p o n cr u tch es ,

A nd thi s .

d epon ent fu r th er s a ith th a t a ft er t he b u r n i ng o f t he s a id to a d h er

a t t h e ti m
,

ch i l d r eco v er ed a nd w a s w ell a a i n a n d w a s l iv in e
, g g ,

o f t he a s s i z e s .

S u b sequ ent t o thes e n ew thr ea t s a n oth er c h i l d o f D oroth y ,

D u r ent w a s ta k en i ll a nd di ed a n d she h er s el f w a s s eiz ed w ith a

la m enes s i n her l eg s in co n s eq u en c e o f w hich s h e ha d r em
,

,
a i ne d
a cripp l e ev er s i nc e

T he n ext o ff enc e l a id to t he c ha r g e o f A m
.

D u ny w a s t he b e
y
w itchi n g o f t he c h i l dr en o f S a m u e l P a cy a m erch a nt o f L o w es
c a rri ed hi m l f w it h m
,

t o
'

w ho se u ch s ob e r nes s d u ri n g t he
Thi s m
,

t ri a l . a n de po s ed th a t h is y o u n g er d a u g ht er D ebo

,

r ah u po n Th u r s d a y t he t en t h o f O ctob e r l a s t w a s s u dd enly
t a k en w ith a l a m
, ,

en ess in her l eg s s o tha t she co u l d no t s t a nd

r li m
, ,

n eith er ha d s h e a n tr en th i n h e b s to s u pport her a nd s o

y s g
nth d a y o f t he s a m em
,

s he co nt i nu ed u nti l t he s ev en t ee o nth w hich ,

d a y b ei ng fa ir a nd s u nsh i ny t he chi l d d es ir ed to b e c a rri ed o n

,

t he ea s t p a rt o f t h e h o u s e t o b e s et u po n t h e b a nk w hich l ook
et h u po n t h e s ea ; a nd w hil e sh e w a s s itt i ng t h er e A m
,

y D u ny

ca m e to thi s d epo nents t o b u y s o m

,

e h erri ng s b u t b ei ng d en i ed , ,

s he w ent a w a y di s co nt e n t ed a nd pr es ent ly r e t u rned a g a i n a nd

w a s d en i ed a nd l ik ew i s e t he third ti m
, ,

e a nd w a s d en i ed a s a t
r s t ; a n d a t her l a s t g oi n g a w a y she w ent a w a y g ru m
, ,

,
bl i n g b u t ,

w h a t s he sa id w a s n o t p er fec t ly u nd ers t ood B u t a t t he v er y

sa m e i n s t a nt o f t i m e t he s a id chi l d w a s t a k en w ith m
.

o s t v io l en t
t s feel i n g m o st extr em e p a i n i n her s to m a ch l ik e t he pricki n
g
n a m s t dr ea d fu l m
, ,

o f pi ns a nd s hr i eki n o t i o a n ne r l ik e u nto
, g u ,

a w h el p a nd n o t l ik e u nto a s e n s ib l e cr e a tu re A nd in thi s ex
t r em
.
,

it y t he chi l d co nti nu ed t o t he g r ea t gri ef o f t he p a r ent s nu

, ,

32
374 S O R CE R Y A ND M AGI C .

ti l t he thirti eth o f t h e s a m em o nth D u ri ng thi s t i m e thi s de .

po nent s ent fo r o ne D r Fea vo r a doc t or o f ph y s ic t o t a k e his

a dvic e co nc ern i n g his chi l d s di s t em
.
, ,

p er T he doctor b ei ng

co m
.

e he s a w t he chi l d in tho s e t s , b u t co u l d n o t co nj ectu re

n to l d thi s d epo nent a n d a ft er w a rd he a f r m
,

a s he t he ed i n ope
( n
co u rt a t thi s tri a l ) w h a t m
,

i g h t b e t he c a u s e o f t h e chi l d s a l ic

tio n A nd th i s d epo nent fu rther s a ith th a t b y r ea s o n o f t he cir

cu m a rd A m D u ny is a w o m
.
,

s t a n ce s a for es a id a n d i n r e a n of
g y
a n i ll fa m e a nd co m monly r eported to b e a w itch a nd a sorc er
,

ess a n d fo r th a t t he s a id chi l d in her t s w o u l d cr y o u t o f Am

,

y
D u ny a s t he c a u s e o f her m
,

a l a d y a nd th a t she d id a r i ht he

r
g ,

w i t h a pp a ritio n s o f her p er s o n (a s t he chi l d in t h e i n t er v a l o f

h er t s r el a ted ) he thi s d epo n ent did su s p ect t he s a id A m
, , y ,

D u ny fo r a w itch a nd ch a r g ed her w i t h t he i nj u r y a nd w ro ng
,

t o h is chi l d a nd c a u s ed h er t o b e s et in t he s t ock s o n t he t w e n
t y ei g hth o f t he s a m m
,

-
e O ctob er a n d d u ri n
g t h e ti e of h e r co n
t inu a nc e th er e o ne A l ic e Let t er id g e a nd J a ne B u xto n d em a nd e d
a l s o a f r m
,

o f her
( a s th e y e d i n co u r t u po n t h eir o a th s
) w h a t
s ho u l d b e t h e r ea s o n o f M r Pa cy s c hi l d s di s tem p er t ell i ng her

,
.

th a t s he w a s s u s p ect ed to b e t he c a u s e th er eo f S he r epl i ed
M r P a c y k eep s a g r ea t s tir a bo u t his chi l d b u t l et hi ms ta y
.
,

u nti l he h a th do n e a s m
.
,

u ch b y hi s chi l dr en a s I h a v e do n e by

mi ne A nd b ei ng fu rt h er ex a mined w h a t she ha d don e to her

.

chi l dr en s he a n s w er ed th a t she ha d b een fa i n to op en her chi l d s

mo u th w ith a t a p to g ive it v ictu a l s A nd t he s a id d eponent

,

f u rth er d epo s et h tha t w ithi n t w o d a y s a ft er sp ea ki ng o f t he s a id

,

w ord s b ei n g t he t hir t i eth o f O ctob er his el d es t d a u ght er El i z a

b eth fell i nto extr em e t s ina sm
, ,

u ch th a t th ey co u l d no t op e n
her m
,

o u th to g i v e her broth t o pr es erv e her l i fe w i t hou t t he h elp

of a ta
p w hich th e y w e r e e n f orc e d t o u s e; a n d t h e
y go u n e r
chi l d w a s in l ik e m r a ffl ict ed s o th a t th ey u s ed t h e s a m
,

a nne e ,

a l s o fo r her r e l i ef
The chi l d r en w er e n o w co nt i nu a lly v i s it ed w ith t s s i m
.

ilar
to oth er su ppo s ed s u ff er er s fro mw itchcr a ft i n c l u di n g t he v o m
,

iti ng o f crook ed pi n s na i l s & c a u d t h e sp a sm

,

, ,
odic tr a nc es in
.
, ,

t he l a t t er o f w hich t h ey w er e in t he h a bit o f cry i n o u t a a i nst

g g
v a rio u s w o m en o f i l l r epu t e i n t he to w n w ho th ey s a id w er e
-

m m m m
, , ,

p r es e n t tor en ti n g th e b u t o r e es p e ci a lly a
g a i n s t A y D u n y
r pri s on er w ho s e n a m
,

a nd t he oth e e w a s R o s e C u ll end er T he
chi l dr en d ec l a r ed th a t th es e t w o w o m en a pp ea r ed to t h ems o m
, .

e
ti m es in t he a ct o f s pi nn i ng a nd a t oth er ti m es in a v a ri et y o f
po stu r es thr ea t eni ng a nd m ock i ng th em A fri end o f t he fa m
,

, ily .

a p ea r e d i c o u r t a s a n i nd e p en d ent w itn ess a nd d epos ed th a t

p n , ,
 R O S E C ULL E NDE R . 375

in her pr es enc e t he ch il dr en w o u l d in th eir t s cry o u t a g a i nst

m m
R o s e C u ll end er a n d A y D u ny , a f r i ng th a t th ey s a w th e ; m
a n d th e m m m m
y thr ea t ened to tor ent th e t en ti es or e if th ey co m
p l a i ned o f th e m m m
A t s o e ti es t he ch il dr en (o nly ) w o u l d s ee
m
.

t hi ngs r u n u p a nd do w n t he ho u s e in t he a pp ea r a n c e o f ic e
a n d o ne o f th e m s u dd e nly s na pp ed o n ew ith t he to n s , a nd thr e
g w
it i n to t h e r e, a nd it s cr eech ed o u t l ik e a b a t A t a n oth er
m
.

t i e, t he y ou n g er chi l d b ei ng o u t o f her t s , w ent o u t o f door s

t o t a k e a l itt l e fr es h a ir , a nd pr es ently a l itt l e thi ng l ik e a b ee
ew u po n her fa c e, a nd w o u l d ha v eg o ne i nto her m o u th , w h er e
u po n t he chi l d r a n i n a l l h a s t e t o t h e door to g e t i nto t he ho u s e
a g a i n , s hri ek i ng o u t in a m m
o st terrib l e a nn er ; w h er eu po n thi s
m m
d epo nent a d e h a s t e to co e to her , b u t b efor e she co u l d g et t o
h er , t he ch i l d fell i nto h er sw oo n i n g t , a n d a t l a s t , w i t h u ch m
p a i n a nd s tr a i ni n
g h er s el
, f s h e v om it ed u p a t w op enny na i l w ith

a b r o a d h ea d ; a nd a ft er th a t t he c hi l d ha d r a is ed u p t hena i l sh e

ca m m
e t o her u nd er s t a ndi ng a nd b ei ng d e a n d ed b y thi s d epo
m
,

n en t ho w s he c a e b y thi s n a i l s he a n s w er ed th a t t he b ee
m
,

bro u ght thi s na i l a nd forc ed it i nto her o u th A nd a t oth er

m
.

t i es t h eel d er chi l d d ec l a r ed u n to thi s d epo n ent th a t d u ri ng t h e

m m
t i e o f her t s , s he s a w i es co e u nto her , a nd bri ng w ith
m m
th e in th eir o u th s crook ed pi n s ; a nd a fter t he chi l d ha d t hu s
m
d ec l a r ed t he s a e, she fell a g a i n i nto vio l en t t s , a nd a ft er w a rd
r a i s ed s e ve r a l pi ns . m
A t a noth er t i e t he s a id el d er chi l d d e
cl a r e d u nto thi s d epo n ent , a nd s itti ng b y t he r esu dd enly s t a rted
u p a nd s a id s h e s a w a m o u s e, a nd s he cr ept u nd er t he t a b l e
m
l o ok ing a fter it , a nd a t l ength she pu t s o ethi ng in her a pro n ,
s a y i ng s he h a d c a u g ht it ; a nd i mm edi a t ely s he r a n to t he r e
a nd thr ew it in a nd th e
, r e did a pp ea r u po n it to thi s d eponent .

l i ke t he a shi ng o f g u npo w d er , thou g h s he co nfess ed she sa w

n othi ng in t he ch il d s h a n d s

m
.

A noth er p er s o n b ew itch ed w a s a s erv a nt g ir l n a ed S u s a n

-

m
Ch a nd l er , w ho s e oth er , b es id es d epo s i ng to t he di s co v ery o f
m
S a t a n s a rk s o n t he bod y o f o n e o f t he w itch es , s a id , th a t her

s a i d d a u g ht er b ei n o f t he a g e o f ei ht e en y e r w th en i n
g g a s a s

m
,

se r v ic e in t he s a id to w n , a u d ri s i n g u p ea r ly t he n ext orni ng
t o w a sh , thi s R o s e C u ll end er a pp ea r ed to he r , a nd took h e r by

t he h a nd , W h er ea t she w a s m
u ch a ff r ig ht ed , a nd w ent for t h w ith

t o her m m
oth er (b eing in t he s a e to w n ), a nd a cq u a i nted her w ith
m
w h a t she h a d s een ; b u t b ei n g extr e ely t erri ed , s h e fell ex
m
t r e e s ick , m u c h gri e m
v ed a t her sto a ch , a nd th a t night , a fter
m
b ei ng in b ed w ith a noth er y ou ng w o a n, she su dd enly shri ek ed
o u t , a nd fe m
ll i nto su ch extre e t s a s if she w er e di st r a cted , cr y
376 S O R CE RY AND MA GIC .

i ng t R o s e C u ll end er s a y i ng she w o u l d co m
a g a ns i e t o b ed t o
S he co nti n u ed in thi s m
,

her a n n er b e a ti n a nd w ea ri n h er s el f
g g
i ns o m
.
,

u ch th a t thi s d epo n ent w a s g l a d t o g et h el p t o a tt en d he r

I n her int erv a l s s he w o u l d d ec l a r e th a t s o m eti m

.

es s he sa w R ose
C u ll end er a l o ne a t a not her ti m e w ith a g r ea t d o g w ith h er ; she
a ls o vo m it ed u p di ver s crook ed pi ns ; a nd s o m eti m
,

es s he w as
s trick en w i t h b l i n d nes s a nd a t a no t h er ti m
,
e s he w a s d u m b and ,

s o s he a pp ea r ed t o b e in co u rt w h en t he tri a l o f t he pri s o ne rs
w a s fo r s he w a s no t a b l e to S p ea k h er k no w l ed g e b u t b ei ng
,

bro u g ht i nto co u r t a t t he tri a l she s u dd enly fell i nt o her t s a nd

, ,

b ei n g c a rri ed o u t o f t he co u rt a g a i n w ithi n t he s p a c e o f h a lf a n
ho u r s he c a m
,

e to h er s el f a nd r ecov er ed her s p eech a nd th ere

u po n w a s i m medi a tely bro u ght i nt o t he cou rt a nd a s k ed b y t he
,

co u rt w h eth er she w a s in co ndi t io n to t a k e a n o a th a nd t o g i v e ,

ev id en c e S he s a id s he co u l d
. B u t w h en s h e w a s s w or n a nd
.
,

a sk e d w h a t s he co u l d s a y a g a i n st eith er o f t he pri s o ner s b efore

s he co u l d m
,

ake a n
y a ns w er s hefe ll i nto h e r t s s hri e ki n g ou t in
a m i s er a b l e m
,

a nner cry i n B r h e b r h e hi ch
, g u n ,
r

u n r ! w w as
,

a l l t he w ord s s he co u l d s p ea k

S u ch w a s t he ev id enc e a g a i ns t t he t w o m iser a b l e w o m
.

en
dr a gg ed b efor e t he co u rt a s pri s o ner s ; a nd t he b a rri s ter w ho a d
v o ca t e d th eir c a u s e ea r nes tly p l ea d ed it s i nsu f ci en c y a s t he
mer e eff ect o f t he i ma g i na tions o f t he p erso ns a g gri ev ed w hich ,

w a s s u pport ed b y no dir ec t a nd s u b s t a nti a l ev id enc e xi n g t he

cri m
.

e o n t he t w o p er s o ns a cc u s ed ev en s u ppo s i ng th a t t he a cc u
r s ha d r ea lly b een b ew itch ed T he c el ebr a t ed S ir Tho m
,

se . as

B ro w n w a s next bro u ght forwa rd in co u r t a nd o n b ei n g a s ked ,

w h a t he tho u g ht o f t he c a s e d ec l a r ed th a t he w a s c l ea r ly of
O pi nio n th a t t he p er s o ns w er e b ew itch ed w ith s o m
,

e f u r t h er r e
ma rk s w hich a pp ea r s tr a ng e a s co mi ng fro mt he mo u th o f t he
,

,

g r e a t expo s e r o f v u l g a r e rro r s

D o u bts sti ll exi s t ed a m o ng s o m

.

eo f tho s ew ho w ere pr es en t in
co u rt a nd th ey a ttem pt ed t o di sp el th es e b y a pr a ctic a l exp er i
ment At r s t d u ri n g t he ti m e o f t he tri a l t her e wer e s o m
,

e
exp eri m ents m
.
, ,

a d e w ith t he p e rs o ns a ffl ict ed b y bri ng i ng t hep er

s o n s to t o u ch t h em
.

; a nd i t w a s ob s er v ed th a t w h en th ey w er e
in t he m id st o f th eir t s t o a l l m
,

en s a ppr eh ens io n w ho lly d e

,

i ved o f a l l s e n s e a nd u nd er s t a n di n c l o i n th eir t i n c h
p r
g s g s s s u
a m r a s th a t t he s tro n g es t m
,

a n ne a n i n t he co u r t co u l d no t f orc e

t h emO p en y et b y t he l ea s t to u ch o f o n eo f tho s e s u ppo s ed w itch

.

es R o s e C u ll end er by n a m
,

,
e t h ey w o u l d s u dd enly shri ek o u t
, ,

op eni ng th eir h a nd s w hic h a cc id ent w o u l d no t h a pp en b y t he

to u ch o f a ny oth er p er so n A nd l es t t h ey m
,

. i g ht p r i va t ely see
 PRA C TI C A L EXPE RIM E NT S .
377

w hen t hey w er e t ou ch ed b y t he sa id R o s e C u ll end er th ey w er e

bl i nd ed w ith t h eir o w n a pro ns a nd t he to u ch i ng took t he s a m
,

, e
eff ect a s b efor e Th er e w a s a n i ng en io u s p er s o n th a t obj ect ed
ther e m i g ht b e a g r ea t fa ll a c y in thi s exp eri m
.

ent a nd th er e o u g h t ,

no t t o b e a ny s tr ess p u t u po n thi s t o co nvict t he p a rt i es fo r t he

n m i ght co u nterfeit thi s th eir di s tem
,

chi l dr e p er a nd p erc ei v i ng
w h a t w a s do ne t o th emth ey m i g ht in s u ch m
,

a n ne r s u dd enly
a l ter t h e m
,

otio n a nd g es tu r e o f their bodi es o n p u rpo s e t o in ,

du c e p ers ons t o b el i ev e th a t th ey w er e no t na tu ra l b u t w ro u g ht ,

s t ra n e
g ly b y t he to u ch o f t he pri s o ner s \ V h e r efo r e to a v oid.

t hi s s cr u p l e it w a s priv a t ely d es ir ed b y t he j u d g e th a t t he L ord

C o r n w a ll i s S ir Ed mu nd B a co n a nd M r S erj ea nt K eel i ng a nd
,

s om eoth er g entl em
, , .
,

en th er e in co u rt w o u l d a tt en d o n eo f t he d is
t em
,

p er ed p er s o n s in t he fa r t h es t p a r t o f t he h a ll w hi l e she w a s ,

in h er t s a nd th en s end fo r o n e o f t h e w itch es t o tr y w h a t
w o u l d th en h a pp en w hich th ey did a ccordi ngly ; a nd A m
, ,

y D u n y
w as co nv ey ed fro mt he b a r a nd bro u ght to t h e m
,

a id ; th e y pu t a n
a pro n b e for e her ey es a nd th en o n e oth er p er s o n to u ch ed her
h a nd w hich produ c ed t he s a m
,

e eff ect a s t he to u ch o f t he w itc h

did in t he co u rt W h er eu po n t he g entl em
,

. en r etu r ned op enly ,

prot esti ng t h a t th ey did b el i evet h ew ho l etr a ns a ctio n o f thi s b u s i

n ess w a s a m er e i m po s t u r e Thi s p u t t he co u rt a nd a ll p er s o ns
.

i nto a s t a nd b u t a t l eng th M r P a c y did d ec l a r e th a t po s s ib ly

t he m a id m
.
,

i g ht b ed ec ei v ed by a s u spicio n th a t t he w itch t o u ch ed
h er w h en s he did no t Fo r he h a d ob s er v ed di v er s ti m
. es th a t ,

a l tho u g h th e y co u l d no t sp ea k b u t w er e d epriv ed o f t he u s e o f
th eir to ng u es a nd l i m
,

b s th a t th eir u nd er s t a ndi ng s w er e p er fect

, ,

fo r th a t th ey h a v e r el a t ed di v er s thi ng s w hich h a v e b een w h en

t hey w er e i n th eir t s a ft er th ey w er e r ecov er ed o u t o f th em

D i s a ppoi nt ed in thi s exp eri m

.
,

ent t he a cc u s er s no w bro u g ht
f or w a rd s o m
,

e o t h er ev id en c e t o prov e t he c ha r a ct er o f t he pri s
o ners t he pri ncip a l o f w hich w a s o n e Jo hn S ea m o f L o w e

om
, ,

s to ff y e a n a s u f ci e nt p er s o n w ho d epo s ed Th a t n o t l o ng
s t ti m e h e h a d thr ee c a rt s w hich bro u g ht ho m
, , , ,

s i nc e i n h a r v e
,
-
,
e
h is ha r v es t a nd a s th ey w er e g oi ng i n to t he el d to l o a d o ne o f
, ,

t h e c a rt s w r ench ed t he w i ndo w o f R o s e C u ll end er s ho u s e w h er e

u po n s he c a m
.

e o u t in a g r ea t r a g e a nd thr ea t ened thi s d epo nent

f o r doi ng th a t w ro n g a nd s o th ey p a s s ed a l o n g i n to t he el d s
,

a nd l o a d e d a l l t he three c a rt s t he oth er t w o c a rts r etu r ned s a fe

ho m
,

e a nd b a ck a g a i n t w ic e l o a d ed th a t d a y a ft er w a rd ; b u t a s
, ,

t o t hi s c a rt w h ich to u ch ed R o s e C u l l end er s ho u s e a ft er it w a s

,

l o a d ed i t w a s o v e rt u r ne d t w ic eor thric e th a t d a
y a n d a f t er th a t

t he y ha d l o a d ed it a g a i n thi s s eco nd or t hi r d ti m e a s th ey bro u g h t ,

32
379 S O RCE RY A ND M A GI C .

it thro u gh t he g a t e w hich l ea d eth o u t o f t he el d i nt o t het o wn,

t he c a rt s tu ck s o f a s t i n t he g a t est ea d t h a t t h ey c o u l d no t po ss i
,

b l y g et it thro u g h , b u t w er e en forc ed t o cu t do w n t he p o s t o f t he
g a t e to m a k e t he c a rt p a s s t hro u h , a l tho u g h th e
g y co u l d n o t pe r

c eiv a th a t t he c a rt did o f eith er s id e to u ch t he g a t e po s t And -

.

thi s d epo nent fu rth er s a id , th a t a ft er th ey ha d go t it thro u gh t he

g a t ew a y , th e y did w ith mu ch di ff i c u l ty g e t it ho m e i nto t h e y a rd ;

b u t fo r a ll th a t th ey co u l d do , th ey co u l d no t g et t he c a rt nea r
into t he p l a c e w h er e th ey sho u l d u nl o a d t he corn , b u t w er e fa i n
t o u nl o a d it a t a g r ea t di s t a n c e fro mt he p l a c e; a nd w h en t h e y
m
b eg a n t o u nl o a d , th ey fo u nd u ch di ffi c u l ty t h erei n , it b ei ng so
h a rd a l a bor th a t th ey w er e t ir ed th a t r s t c a e; a nd w h en o t h m
m m
er s c a e t o a s s i st t h e , th eir no s es b u r s t forth a b l eedi n g ; so
t h ey w er e fa i n t o d es i s t , a nd l ea v e it u nti l t he n ext m or n i ng , a nd
th en th ey u nl o a d ed it w itho u t a ny d ii cu l t y a t a ll R ob ert Sher
m
.

r i ng h a a lso de o se t h a a i n s t R o s e C u ll e nd er , th a t a bo u t t w o
p g
e a r s s i nc e, p a ss i n a l on t he s tr ee t w ith h is c a rt a nd hor se s,
y g g
t he a xl e tr eeo f hi s c a r t to u ch ed her ho u s e, a nd brok e do w n s o e
-
m
m
p a rt o f it , a t w hi ch s he w a s v ery u ch d i sp l ea s ed , thr ea t eni ng
m
h i th a t his hor s es sho u l d s u ff er fo r it , a nd s o it h a pp ened , fo r
a ll tho s e hor s e s , b ei n
g f o u r i n nu bm e r di e d w ithi n a s hort ti m e
m
,

a ft e r s i nc e th a t ti e he h a th ha d gr ea t l o s s es b y su dd en d y i ng
o f h is oth er c a tt l e; s o s oo n a s h is s o w s pi
gg e d t h pi g s w o u l d
mm
,

l ea p a n d c a p er , a nd i edi a t ely fa ll do w n a n d d ie A l s o , not

m m
.

l o ng a ft er , he w a s t a k en w i t h a l a enes s in his l i b s th a t he
m
co u l d nei t h er g o no r s ta nd fo r so e d a y s A fter a ll thi s , hew a s
m m
.

ve r y u ch v ex ed w ith a g r ea t nu b er o f l ic e o f a n ex t r a o r d ina
r
y bi g n es s , a nd a l tho u h he
g m
a ny ti m
e s s hi fte d hi m se l f y e t h e
m m
,

w a s n o t a ny thi n g t he b ett er , b u t w o u l d s w a r a a i n w i t h th e ;
g
s o th a t in t he co nc l u s io n h e w a s forc ed to b u r n a ll h is c l oth e s,

b ei n g t w o s u its o f a pp a r el , a nd th en w a s c l ea n fro m m
th e
.

T hi s w a s t he ki nd o f evid en c e bro u ght for w a rd i n a p u b l i c

cou rt o f j u s tic e i n t he y ea r 1 664 , in a t ri a l w hich ha s o bta ined
es p eci a l c el ebrity fro mt he circ u m
s t a nc e th a t t hel ord chi ef b a ro n
- -

w ho pr es id ed o ver it w a s t he r ea t l a w y er , Sir M a tth ew H a l e

g
m m
.

Y et ev en he w a s no t ex e pt fr o t h e s u p er s titio u s feel i ng o f his

o w n a e, a nd t he c a u tio u s ly w ord e d d e c l r tio n i h i ch r e t
g a a n s a
g o
-

t hej u r y :

Th a t th er e w er e su ch c r ea tu r es a s w itc hes he a d e m
n o do u bt a t a l l ; fo r r s t , t h e S cript u r es ha d a f r m
ed s o m u ch ;

se m
co nd ly , t he w is d o o f a l l n a tio ns ha d pro v id ed l a w s a g a i ns t
s u ch p er s o ns , w hi c h i s a n a r u
g emn t o f th e ir co n d e n c e o f su ch

a cr i m m
e, a nd s u ch h a th b een t h e j u d g ent o f thi s ki ng do , a s m
a pp ea r s b y th a t a ct o f p a r l i a m
ent w hich h a th pro v id ed p u nish
 J UD G ME NT OF SIR M A TT H E W H A L E . 379

m ent s proportio na b l e to t he q u a l ity o f t he o ff en c e w a s cons id

ered a s a p u bl ic d ec l a r a tio n o f t hej u d g es opi ni o n in fa vor o f t he

w itc hcr a ft pro s ec u tio ns T hej u ry r etir ed , p a ss ed h a l f a n ho u r

m
.

i n d el ib era tio n , a nd r etu rn ed w ith a u n a n i ou s v erdict a g a i ns t

t he pri s o ner s . S ir M a tth ew H a l e i nt er fer ed no fu rth er , b u t pro
ce ed ed o n his ci rc u it ; a nd t h e t w o poor w ido w s o f Lo w est o ff
w er e h a n g e d o n t he fo ll o w i ng M o nd a y Th ey p er s i st ed to t he
.

l a s t i n a s s erting th eir i nnoc enc e .

T he tri a l b efor e Sir M a tth ew H a l e ha d a g r ea t i n u enc e in

m m
i ncr ea s i ng t he nu b er o f tri a l s fo r t he cri e o f sorc ery u nd er
t he r estor a tio n , a l thou g h t he r et u r n o f t he Stu a rt s s ee ed fro m m
m
t he r s t t o h a v e bro u g ht b a ck s o e o f t he s pirit w hich ha d b een
s pr e a d i n Eng l a nd b y t h e r s t o f th eir r a c e w ho c a m e to t he
m
t hro ne A o ng oth er r a th er ridic u l o u s c a s es , it w i ll b e su ffi c i ent
m
.

t o i ns t a nc e th a t o f J u l i a n Cox e, a w r etch ed o l d w o a n, w ho , in
t h e pr ec edi ng y ea r , ha d b een co nv ict ed a nd h a ng ed a t T a u n to n
m m
in S o er s et s hir e, o n t he ev id en c e o f a h u nt s a n , w ho d ec l a r ed
t h a t , h a v in g g iv en ch a s e to a h a r e, it w a s l o s t in a b u sh , a nd th a t
on e m
x a i ni ng t he spot , he fo u nd on t he oth er s id e o f t he b u s h
m
t hi s w o a n in s u c h a n a ttitu d e a nd co nditio n a s co nv i nc ed hi m
t h a t he ha d b een h u nti n a w itch w ho ha d t a k e n t he O p p o r t u

nit y o f t he sh el t er a ff erd e b y t heb u s h to r e g a i n he r o w n sh a p e

m
.

I n t he s a e y ea r th a t w it ness ed t he tri a l b efor e S ir M a tth ew

m
H a l e, a t B u ry , a j u stic e o f t he p ea c e in So er s ets hir e, na ed m
m m
H u nt , w a s a b it io ns o f b eco i ng a n oth er w it ch nd er g en er a l , -

a nd ha d a l r ea d y p u t t w e lv e p er s o ns u nd er a rr es t , w h en a s top
w a s p u t o n his proc eedi n g s b y t he i nt er fer en c e o f a hi g h er a u
t hor it y m
I n 1 67 9 , a w i t ch co nd e n ed a t Ely w a s s a v ed b y a
m
.

r epri ev e fro t he ki ng , a n d h er a cc u s er i s s a id to h a v e su b s e

q u e n t ly a v o w ed his i m po stu r e, y et thr ee y e a r s a ft er w a rd t h e

c ity o f Ex eter w i t nes sed t he ex ec u tio n o f thr ee w i t ch es u nd er
c irc um st a n c es we ll c a l c u l a t ed to expo s e t he a b su rdity o f su c h
ch a r g e s .

S ea port to w ns a pp ea r to h a v e b een r a th er fr eq u ently t he

h a u nt s o f w itch es , a n d t he s c enes o f s o e o f th eirm m or e extr a
o rd i na ry op er a tio n s A t t he to w n o f B idd eford , o n t he co a s t o f
m m m
.

D ev o n , d w el t t hr ee w o en , n a ed T e p er a nc e L l oy d , M a r y
m m
Tr e b l es , a nd S u s a nna Ed w a rd s , w ho s ee t o h a v e enj oy ed a
ch a r a ct er s i m m
i l a r t o th a t o f A y D u ny a nd R o s e C u ll end er a t
Lo w es t o ff , a nd th ey w er e a rr es t ed a nd c a rri ed pri s o ner s t o Ex
et er in t he s u mm er o f 1 6 82 O ne o f t he p er s o ns w ho a cc u s ed
m m m m
.

t he was a a ri ner s w i fe na ed D orc a s Co l e a n , w ho s a id

t ha t in t he y ea r 1 680 s heha d b een t a k en w ith

m
to r entin g! g a ins .
380 S O R CE RY A ND MA GI C .

b y prick l i ng m m
in her a r s , sto a ch , a nd h ea rt , in su ch a

m
a nne r
a s s he w a s nev e r t a k en s o b efor e . S he a pp l i ed t o o n e D octor
B ea r e, a pro fes s ed ph y s ici a n w ho to l d her it w a s p a s t his ski ll
m
,

t o s a v e her , i n a s u c h a s s h e w a s b ew itch ed W e th u s see,

.

w h a t ha s i nd eed occ u rr ed o ft en b efor e, ho w u ns ki l fu l phy si

m
c i a n s , i n t he a tt e pt to co n c ea l th eir o w n i gn or a n c e a dd ed t o a nd

m
,

s tr eng th en e d t he pr ej u dic es o f t hev u l g a r D orc a s C o l e a n ha d

.

n o s u s pic io n o f t he p er s o n th a t ha d b ew itch ed h e r , u n ti l S u sa n

n a Ed w a rd s w a s thro w n i nto pri s o n , a nd th e n s he w e n t to he r

to a s k if she w er e her p er s ec u tor , a nd rec eiv ed a n a n s w er in

m
t he a ffi r a ti v e m
A n o t h er w o a n o f B idd eford , n a ed G r a c e m
m m mm
.

T ho a s , w a s a tta ck ed s o ew h a t in t he sa e a n ner , a nd de
cl a r e m
d th a t a s s oo n a s T e p er a n c e L l oy d w a s co mm
itt ed to
pri s o n , she i mm edi a t ely fel t her pricki ng a nd s tick i ng p a i ns t o
c ea s e a nd a b a t e
U po n thi s o neo f t he fri end s o f G r a c e Tho m
m m
.

as did d e a nd o f t he s a id T e p er a nc e L l o y d w h eth er she

h a d a ny w a x o r c l a y in t he for m o f a pict u r e w h e reb y she ha d
m
prick ed a nd tor ent ed t he s a id G r a c e Tho a s ; u nto w hich t he m
sa id T e pem m
r a n c e a d e a ns w er , th a t she ha d no w a x n o r c l a y,
b u t co n fes s ed th a t s he ha d o nly a pi ec e o f l ea th er w hich she
h a d pri c k ed ni ne ti es m
. m
T e p er a n c e L l oy d w a s s ea rched ,

a n d t hey fo u nd o n her bod y t w o t ea t s , w hich s he co nfess ed
ha d b een s u ck ed b y t heb l a ck m an a nd o ne o f t he s ea rch e rs ,
w ho w a s a n a cq u a i nt a n c e o f t he a cc u s ed , d ec l a r ed th a t o n t he
m or n i ng o f t h e pr ec edi ng Th u r s d a y , s he, thi s i nf or a nt , did m
s ee s o m ethi ng i n t h e s h a p e o f a m a pi e to co
g e m
a t t he ch a b em
r
m
w i ndo w w h er e t he s a id G r a c e Tho a s did l od g e U pon w hich
m m m
.

thi s i nfor a nt did d e a nd o f t he s a id T e p er a n c e L l oy d

m
w h eth er s h e did k n o w o f a ny bird to co e a nd u t t er a t t he
s a id w i ndo w ; u nto w hi c h q u e s tio n t he s a id T e p er a n c e didm
m
th en s a y th a t it w a s t he b l a c k a n in t he sh a pe o f t he bird

m
.

H a v i n g obt a i ned th u s u ch o f fo u nd a t i o n to b u i l d u po n, t he a c

m m m
.

co u nt o f t he b l a ck a n w a s s oo n a p l i ed a nd b ei ng d e a nd
m
,

ed o f w h a t s ta t u r e t h e s a id b l a ck a n w a s, s he w a s pr ev a i l ed

u po n to d es crib e h i ma s b ei n
g

a bo u t t he l en g t h o f he r a r m;
a n d th a t his e y es w er e v ery b ig a nd th a t he hopp ed o r l ea p ed

i n t he w a y b efor e her . T he v ery p i ctu r e, i n f a ct , o f a p u ck
or hob g ob l i n
It is h a rd ly n ec es s a ry to ent er fu rth er i nto t he r a th er n u m
.

e
r o u s d epo s iti o ns ma d e o n thi s occ a s io n A pi ec e o f l ea t h er w a s
.

f o u nd i n w hich t h e pro s ec u tor s a nd j u d g es co n c eiv ed th er e
mi g ht b e so me ench a nt ment a ch i l d s doll w a s a l s o prod u c ed
,

w hich it w a s f u r t h er i m m
,

a i ne
g d i g ht h a v e be en p r i ck ed w ith
 THE T RI AL S AT EX ETE R . 381

pi n s ; it w a s d epo s ed th at T em p er a n c e L l o y d ha d a pp ea r ed i n
t he for mo f a r ed p ig to a w o m a n w hi l e she w a s br e w i ng ; a nd
u po n thi s e v id enc e a nd m or e o f t he s a m e d es criptio n t he thr ee
w om
, ,

en w er e co nvict ed b y t hej u r y a nd th ey w er e a l l h a ng ed a t
W h en th es e w r etch ed w o m
,

Ex eter en w er e o n t he s c a ff o l d
t h ey w er e a g a i n torm
.
,

ent ed w ith qu es tio ns a n d r etu rn ed su ch

rs a s m i ght b e exp ect ed fro mp er s o ns in a co ndi t io n th a t
,

a ns w e

t h ey h a rd ly k new w h a t th ey w er e a s k ed or w h a t th ey s a id in
r ep l y Am ong oth er thi ng s T em p era n c e L l oy d w a s a s k ed
H o w did yo u co m e in to h u rt M r s G r a c e Tho m
.
, ,

a s ? did o
.

y u
p a ss thro u g h t he k ey ho l e o f t he door o r w a s t he door open ?
Tem ad m
,

p T h e d.e v i l did l e e u p s t a ir s a nd t he door w a s -

,

Op e n ; a nd thi s i s a ll t he h u rt I did .

Q H o w do yo u k n o w i t w a s t he d e v i l ?

Tem
.

I k n ew it b y his e y e s
p
Q H a d yo u no di s co u r s e o r tr ea ty w ith him?
. .

Tem s a id I sho u l d g o a l o n g w ith him

.

p N o h e t o de s tro y
a w om a n a nd I to l d h imI w o u l d no t ; h e s a i d he w o u l d m
.

a ke

me; a nd th en t he d ev i l b ea t me a bou t t he h ea d
,

Q W h y ha d yo u n o t c a ll ed u po n G o d ?
Tem m
.

p H e w o u l d no t l e t e do it

. .

Q Y o u s a
y y o u n e v e r h u rt s hip s n o r bo a t s did y o u n e v e r
r a n a r mo f t he s ea o n a c o w
.

r id e ov e
Tem N o no m m

a s sh e S
a s t er t ( )

w e a ni n u sa n
p .
, , , g .

A n oth er i nt erro g a tor eq u a lly u nfeel i ng c l o s ed t he s c ene w ith

v icti mif she ha d n ev er s een t he d ev i l b u t o nc e
, ,

a sk i

Y es on c e b ef or e ; I w a s g oi ng fo r broo m
.

s a nd he

ca m e to m e a nd s a id th a t poor w o m
, ,

a n ha s a r ea t b u rth e

g n
l p a nd ea se m e of m
, ,

a nd w ou l d h e b u rth e n ; a nd I s a i d h e
y t
Lord ha d ena b l ed m
,

e to c a r ry it s o fa r a nd I hop e I sh a ll b e ,

a b l eto c a rr y it f u rth er

Q D id t he d ev i l n ev er prom
.

i s e yo u a ny thi ng ?
Tem
.

p N 0 ne v e r
Q Th en yo u h a v e s erv ed a v ery b a d m
.
, .
0

a st e r w ho ga v e yo u
W ell co ns id er yo u a r eju s t d ep a rti ng fromthi s w or l d
,
.

no thi ng .
,

d o you b el i ev e th er e is a G o d ?

Te p m . Y es .

Q Do y e i e
b l i ev e n J s Chr st
u s
ou i ?

m m
.

Te p Y es a n d I pr a y J esu s Chr ist to p a rdon a ll y s i ns

. .

A nd s o w a s ex ecu t ed
m
.

Th es e three w o en a r e sa id t o h a v e b een t he l a s t p ers ons

w ho w er e ex ec u t ed in Engl a n d fo r t he cri e o f w itchcr a ft A m .

ea t h a ng e in op in ion on t hi s su bj ect w a s no w t a ki ng l a ce
gr c p
382 S O R CE RY A ND M AGI C .

in t he mi dn s r efl ecti ng p eopl e T he v i ce of t he cou rt of

of
II w a s s k eptici s mr a th er tha n cred u l ity a nd a lt hou gh
.

Ch a rl es .
,

bi g otry a nd su p ers titio n a g a in a pp ea red u nd er t he in u enc e of

his broth er th eir r ei g n w a s o f short d u r a tio n T w o b oo k s w er e
p u bl i sh ed d u ri ng thi s p eriod w hich c er t a i nly ha d so m
.
,

e i n u ence
i n br ea k i ng t he s tr engt h o f t he pop u l a r pr ej u dic e o n t he s u bj ect
T he r s t o f th es e w a s a s m a ll v o l u m e b y a g ent l em
.

a n of e d u ca
tio n na m ed John W a g s t a ffe w h ich a pp ea r ed i n 1 66 9 u n d er t he
, ,

titl e o f T he Q u estio n o f W itchcr a ft D eb a ted I n t h e op eni ng
rm
.

o f thi s w ork W a g s t a ff e expr e ss e s in stro ng t e s h i s horro r at

t he m u l t it u d es o f h u m an be i ng s w ho ha d b een d u ri ng s o m an
y
a es s a cri c ed to thi s ido l O pi nio n a n d he prot es t s a g a i nst
g
evi l a nd b a s e c u sto mo f tortu r ing p eop l e to co n fes s them
,

t he
s elv es w itch es a n d b u r ni n
g th e m a ft er e xtort ed c o n f ess io n s

S u r ely t he b l ood o f m
.
,

en o u g ht n ot to b e s o c h ea p n o r s o ea si ly
to b e sh ed b y tho s e w ho u nd er t he na m
,

, e o f G o d do g r a ti fy ex
,

o rbit a nt p a s s io ns a nd s e l sh en d s ; fo r w ithou t q u es tio n u nder

thi s s id e h ea v en t her e is no t hi ng s o s a cr ed a s t h e l i fe of m
,

an

fo r t he pr es erv a tio n w h er eo f a ll po l ici es a nd for m

, ,

s of
g o v e r n
ment a ll l a w s a n d ma g i s tr a tes a r e mo st esp eci a lly ord a i ned
,

.

W a g st a ff es book w a s r ep l i ed to in a to ne o f ipp a nt s el f s u i

-

c ie ncy b y M eric C a sa u bo n in a tr e ,
a ti s e p u b l i sh ed in t he fo ll o w
ing y ea r u nd er t he ti t l e , O f Cr ed u l ity a nd I n cr ed u l ity in

Thi ng s D ivi ne a nd Spiritu a l
A s ti ll g r ea t er ch a m
.

pio n s oo n a ft er w a rd step ped i nto t he el d

o f co ntro v er s y th u s op ened Thi s w a s Joh n W eb s t er a na tiv e
o f L a n c a shir e t he sa m e w ho mw e h a v e a l rea d y s een i n his
.
,

y o u th oppo s i ng in v a i n t he i m
,

po stu r e o f t he bo y P endl e W eb .

s te r ha d l i v ed a c a r efu l ob s er v er thro u gho u t t he w ho l e p eri o d

m
, ,

o f t he r e t w itchcr f t a n i a in En l a n d a nd no w in his o l d
g a a g
d hi s m d j u dgm
,

a g e he p u b l i s h e a tu r e ent o n t he su bj ect w hich ha d

s o l o n g a it a t e
g d m en s m
i n d s u n d er t
, he tit l e w hich a t o n c e in
d i ca t ed t he v i ew he took o f it o f T he D i s p l a y ing o f s u ppo s ed
,

W itchcr a ft
Thi s s ta t ely fo l io a pp ea r ed in t he y ea r 1 67 7 a nd
th er e c a n b e l ittl e dou bt o f it s h a v i ng m m
.
,

a d e a s tro n i pr e io n
g s s
o n t he s u cc ee di ng g ener a tio n W eb s ter a tta ck ed w ith a ll t he
forc e o f a r gu m ent a n d w it t he su p er stition to w hich so m
.

a ny v ic

ti m s ha d b e en s a cri c ed a nd h eexpo s ed t he fa l l a ci es b y w hi ch
it h a d b een su s t a i ned H e m
,

a d e n o con c e s s io ns t o p u b l ic O i n
p
io n l ik e m o s t o f tho s e w ho pr ec ed ed hi mo n t he s a m
.

, e s id e o f
t he qu es tio n a nd w ho w er e a fr a id to p u sh t o o fa r t he r ea s o ns o n
,

w hich th ey r est ed th eir c a u s e; b u t h e bo l dl y b l is h ed t h e

p u

O pinio n th a t w itchcra f t w a s n othi ng b u t a vu l ga r er r or a nd t ha t ,

 C H IE F J US TI CE -
H O LT . 383

i t c es w hich ha d occ u rr ed a n d w hich ha d l ed t o su ch

a ll t he ns a n
a fea r fu l d es tr u ctio n o f h u m a n l i fe w er e fo u nd e d o nly in d elib
er a t e i m po stu r e in s ta t em en ts m
,

a d e u nd e r fea r o f tortu r e in
men ta l d elu s io n o r in n a tu ra l ph eno mena w hich w er e ea s i ly
, ,

ex p l a i n ed b y s ci en c e a nd r ea s o n w itho u t t he nec es s ity o f c a ll i ng

i n s u p er na tu r a l c a u s es .

B ook s l ik e th es e w er e chi e y c a l c u l a t ed t o i n u enc e t he edu

c a t ed p a rt o f s oci e ty a nd w e s oo n p erc eiv e th eir eff ects in t he
,

c o u r s e o f j u s tic e A fter t he r ev o l u tio n o f ei g hty ei g ht th er e

-

em
.
,

se s to h a v e b ee n a s tro ng t end enc y t o r enew t he p er s ec u tio n

a g a i ns t w itch es b u t S ir M a tth e w H a l e ha d b een s u cc eed ed b y a
,

j u d g eo f n o l es s w ei ght a nd t a l ent w ho w a s in thi s r es p ect a t l ea st

mo r e enl i ghtened t he l ord chi ef j u stic e H ol t Three w o men
,

- -
.

w er e thro w n i nto pri s o n in 1 6 9 1 fo r b ew itchi n g a p er s o n n ea r

Fro m e in So m , er s et shir e o f w ho mo ne di ed b efor e she w a s ,

bro u g ht to t ri a l ; b u t t he oth er t w o h a v i ng Chi ef J u s tic e H o l t fo r -

Thi s c a s e s eem
,

t h eir j u d g e w er e a cq u itt ed , s to h a v e b e
. en t he
rs t ch eck p u t u po n t he co u rts o f l a w a nd t he pop u l a c e d is a
p ,

m
oi n t ed o f w h a t th e y c a ll ed j s tic e h a d r e co u r s e w itho u t a pp ea l
p u

ing t o t he l a w to t he o ld pop u l a r tri a l o f s w i m

, ,

i ng t he p er so n s
su s p ect ed o f w hich th er e w er e nu m
,

ero u s i ns t a n c es d u ri ng thi s
s o f Es s ex S u ff o l k C a m
,

a nd t he fo ll o w i ng y ea r in t he co u nti e

brid g e a nd Nort ha m pto n So m

, ,

e o f t he p a ti ent s di ed u nd er t he
i n ictio n T he s c ene o f t he l a bor s o f M a tth ew H opki n s s eem
, .

. s

t o h a v e r et a i ned it s w it c h p er s ec u ti n g c el ebrity I n 1 6 93 o ne
-

W ido w Ch a m
.
,

b er s o f Up a st o n in S u ff o l k w ho is d es crib ed b y
D r H u tchi nso n a s a di l i g ent i ndu strio u s poor w o m
, , ,

an di ed
in B ecc l es j a i l in co nseq u enc e o f t he tr ea t m
.
, , ,

ent sh e ha d exp e
r i ence d S he ha d b een w a l k ed b et w een t w o m
. en a ccordi ng t o ,

t he c el ebr a t ed p l a n o f t he w itch nd er H opki ns a nd w a s th u s -

dr a w n to confes s a n u m
,

b er o f a b s u rditi es su ch a s t heb ew itchi ng ,

t o d ea th o f p er s o ns w ho w er eth en l i v i ng a nd in g ood h ea l th In
t hey ea r fo ll o w i ng a no t h er poor w o m a n na m
.

,
ed M oth er M u nni ng s ,

o f H a r t i s in S u ff o l k w a s tri ed b efor e t he l ord chi ef j u s tic e H o l t - -

Ed m u nd s ; m
, , ,

a t B u r y St a ny th in s w e r e d e po se d co n c er ni ng

.
g
her su ch a s spoi l i ng o f w ort a n d h u rti ng c a ttl e a nd it w a s s t a
t ed th a t s ev er a l p er s o ns u po n th eir d ea th b ed s ha d co m
, , ,

p l a i n ed -

t h a t she ki ll ed th em It w a s fu rth er d epo s ed th a t h er l a nd l ord

T ho m
. , ,

as Pe n nel w i shi ng t o forc e her o u t o f a ho u s e she ha d o f

himtook a w a y t he door a nd l eft h er w itho u t o ne So m e ti m
,

e
sh e s a id t o h im
.
, ,

a ft e a s he p a s s e d b y t h e door G o t hy w a y
"

r , , ,

t hy no s e s h a ll l ie u p w a rd i n t he ch u rchy a rd b efor e S a tu rd a y

nex t O n t he M ond a y fo ll o w i ng w e a r e a ssu r ed hes i ck ened ,
.
,
384 S O RCE RY AND M AG I C .

a nd di ed o n T u es d a y a nd w a s b u ri ed w ithi n t he w eek a ccord

To co n r mthi s it w a s a dd ed b y a n oth er w it
, ,

i ng to her w ord
nes s th a t a doctor w ho mth ey ha d co ns u l t ed a bo u t a n a ffl ict ed
.
,

p er s o n w h en Mo t her M u nn i ng s w a s m
,

entio ned s a id she w a s a

d a ng erou s w o m
, ,

a n fo r she co u l d to u ch t he l i neo f l i fe I n her
i ndict m ent she w a s ch a r g ed w ith h a v i ng a n im
.
,

p l ik e a po l e ca t ; -

po s ed th a t co m i ng fro mt he a l eho u s e a bo u t
,

a nd o ne w itness d e ,

n i ne a t ni ght he l ook ed i n a t her w i ndo w a nd s a w her t a k e o u t

t t w o im
, ,

o f he r b a sk e p s o ne b l a ck t he oth er w hit e It w a s a l s o
d epo sed th a t o ne S a ra h W a g er a fter a q u a rr el w ith thi s w o m
.
,

an

w a s t a k en d u m b a nd l a m e a nd w a s in th a t co nditio n a t ho m
, , ,

ea t
t he ti m
,

e o f t he tri a l M a ny oth er su ch thi ng s w er e s w orn b u t

in co ns eq u en c e o f t he ch a r g e fro mt he j u d g e t he j u r y brou g h t
.
,

h er in no t gu il ty D r H u tchi ns o n w ho obt a i ned t henotes o f thi s

tri a l thro u gh Chi ef J u stic e H o l t hi m l f a dd s on thi s s ta tem
. .
,

-
se ent : ,

U po n p a rt ic u l a r i nqu iry o f s ev er a l in or n ea r t he t o w n I nd
mos t a r e sa ti s ed th a t it w a s a v ery ri ght j u d gment S he l i ved
,

r w itho u t doi ng a ny k no w n h a r mt o a ny bo d y
.

a bo u t t w o y e a r s a ft e

d d ec l a ri ng her i nnoc enc e H er l a n d l ord w as a co ns u m

, ,

a nd di e
p
t i v e s p ent m x a ctly a s th ey s w ore th em
.

a n a nd t he w ord s n o t e
, ,

a nd t hew ho l e thi ng s ev e nt een y e a rs b e for e F o r b y a c erti c a t e

f ro mt he r eg i s t er I nd h e w a s b u ri ed J u ne 2 0 1 667
.

T he
w hit eim
, , .

i s be l i ev e d to h a v eb e e n a l ock o f w oo l t a k e n o u t o f he r
p ,

b a sk et to spin a nd it s sh a do w it is su ppo sed w a s t he b l a ck o ne
The s a m e y ea r a w o m a n o f t he n a m e o f M a rg a r et El m
, .

, or e
w a s tri ed a t Ip s w i c h b efor e t hel ord chi ef j u s tic eH o l t S he w a s - -
.

a cc u s e d o f h a v i n g b ew itch ed o ne M r s R u d g e o f th a t to w n w ho .
,

w a s thr ee y ea r s in a l a ng u i s hi ng conditio n b ec a u s e a s it w a s , ,

a ll e ed M r R u d g e t he h u sb a nd o f t he a ffl ict e d p e r s o n ha d r e
g
fu s ed to l et her a ho u s e So m
, .
, ,

e w itn ess es sa id th a t M r s R u d g e
w a s b ett er u po n t he co n n em ent o f t he w o m
. .

a n a nd w or s e a a i n
g ,

w hen her ch a i ns w er e o ff O th er w itnes s es g a v e a n a c co u nt

th a t her g r a nd m ot h er a nd h er a u nt ha d for m
.
,

erly b een h a ng ed fo r
w itch es a n d th a t her g ra nd m oth er ha d sa i d she ha d ei g ht o r ni ne
im p s a nd th a t she ha d g iv en t w o o r three i m
,

, p s a pi ec e t o her
chi l dr en Thi s g r a v ea cc u sa tio n w a s co ns id er ed to b e fu l l y co n
rm ed w h en a m id w i fe w ho ha d sea rch ed M a rg a r et El m
.

o r es

m m
,

r n d oth e r w h o ha d b e e n h n e d id th i w o n h d l i
g a a
g s a s a a
p a n
sr m
, , ,

a rk s th a n sh e O th er s d epo s ed to t h eir b ei ng co v ered w i t h

.

l ic e a ft er qu a rr el s w ith her B u t not w ith st a ndi ng t h es e d epo si

.

tio ns t hej u ry bro u ght her in n o t g u i lty a nd sa y s Dr H u t ch
i ns o n tho u gh I h a vem
, , , .

a d e a r ti cu l ar i n u i r y , I do no t h e f
, p
q ar o
an
y ill co nsequ ence .
 S AT A N I N NEW E NGL AND .
385

I n 1 6 9 5 , M a r y Gu y tri ed b efor e t he l o rd chi ef j u st ic e

w as - -

H o l t a t L a u n c es to n i n Corn w a ll fo r su ppo s ed w itchcr a ft u pon a

am
, , ,

ir l n e d P h i l a del phi a Ro w It w a s de po e d th t t he p e r
g s .a a p a
a n ce o f t he s a id M a r y G u y w a s o ft e n s ee n b y t he g ir l a nd th a t
s he v o m
,

i ted pi n s s tr a w s a nd fea th er s b u t notw ith sta ndi ng su ch

, ,

d epo s itio n s t he pri s o n er w a s a cq u itt ed O ne El i z a b eth H orner

w a s tri ed b efor e t he sa m
, .

e i nt ell i g ent j u d g e a t Ex et er i n 1 6 96
fo r b ew itchi ng thr ee chi l dr en o f Wi ll i a mB ov et o n e o f w ho m
, ,

w a s d ea d It w a s d epo s ed th a t a n oth er ha d her l eg s t w i s ted

t fro mh er h a n d s a nd k n ees s he w ou l d s pri ng v e f eet
,
.
, ,

a nd ye

h ig h The ch il dr en v o m it ed pi ns a nd w ere bitten (if t he d epo

d a nd pi nch ed t he m
.
,

s itio ns w er e tru e) a nd prick e a rk s a pp e ar

ing ; t he ch il dr en s a id B ess H orner s h ea d w o u l d co m e o ff fro m

, , ,

her bo dy a nd go i nto their b ell i es ; t he m

,

oth er o f t he chi ldren

d epo sed th a t o n e o f th emw a l k ed u p a sm
,

ooth pl a s t er ed w a ll t o
t her h ea d s t a ndi ng o ff fromit ; thi s sh e
, ,

t he h ei g ht o f n i n e f ee
s a id s he did ve or s i x t i m
, ,

es a nd l a u g hed a nd s a i d B es s H orn er
Thi s poor w om a n ha d s o m
, , ,

hel d her u p . ethi ng l ik e a n ipp l e o n

her sho u ld er w hich t he ch il dr en s a id w a s s u ck ed b y a to a d
, .

Ma ny oth er s tr a ng e thi ng s w er e a s s erted b y d i ff er ent w it ness es

b u t th e j u r y bro u ght her mno t g u i l ty a nd no i nco nv e ni enc e
ha th fo ll o w ed fro mher a c qu itt a l
,

.

C H A P T ER XXX I .

THE DO IN G S 0F SA T A N IN NEW E N G LA N D .

As S a t a n fou nd th a t b ea t en b y t he forc e o f pu b l ic O pi nion he

w a s l o s ing hi s ho l d o n t he m o t h er c o u nt r y he seem
, ,

ed r es o lv ed
-

t o x a rm
,

er g r a s p u po n her d i s t a n t co l o n i es a nd t hen ew w orl d

nt ed a t thi s m m m
,

p r e se o en t a sc e n e w hich e x e p l i es t h e horror s

a nd t he a b s u rditi es o f t hew itc hcr a ft p er s e c u tio ns m ore th a n a ny

-

t hi ng th a t ha d occ u rr ed in t he o l d w orl d .

Theco l o ny o f M a ssa ch u s etts b a y in New Engl a nd w a s es s en

m
, ,

t ia l y
l a r e l i g io u s a p u rit a n ic a l s e ttl e e nt O neo f t he co ng r eg a .

t i o ns o f t he Eng l i sh pr esby teri a ns w ho s o u ght r efu g e in H o ll a n d

fr o mt he i nto l er a nc e o f J a m es I ndi ng th eir po s itio n th er e u n
ea sy c a m e to t he r es o l u tio n o f est a b l i s hi ng them
.
,

se lv es in t he
w i l d s o f Nor t h A m eric a w h er e th ey co u l d w or ship t he A l m
,

,
i ght y
a ft er t he i r o w n conv ictions u ns een a nd u ntrou b l ed b y t ho sew ho
,

33
388 S O R CE RY A ND M AGI C .

d i er ed fr o t h e
'

m m m m
They a d e a rra ng e ents fo r settl i ng in t he
m
.

E ngl i s h c o l o ny o f Vir g i n i a , a n d s et s a i l fo r A er ic a in 1 6 1 8 , liu t

c a rri ed o u t o f t heir co u rs e by str ess o f w ea th er a nd oth er ca u ses,
t hey a r r iv ed o n a co a s t m o r e to t he north , o n w hic h no s e t t le
m ent ha d hith erto b een m
a de . I n t he l a s t d a y s o f t he y ea r t hey
l a id t he fo u nd a tio ns o f t he rst to w n in New Eng l a nd , t o w hi ch
m m
th ey g a v e t he n a e o f P ly o u t h Th ey for ed a n a ll i a n c ew ithm
m
.

a n I ndi a n chi e f by w ho t h i s t erritory ha d b een pr ev io u s ly o ccu

pi ed a g r ea t pa r t o f w ho s e trib e h a d b een c ar ri ed o ff b y t he
m
,

a ll o x , a n d w ho w a s l a d o f their s u pport a a i ns t t h e ho stil e

s
p g g
-

trib es o f Na r r a g a ns et s S ev er a l oth er s ettl e ent s w er e su b se m

m
.

q u ently a t t e p t ed o n thi s co a s t , b u t t he s et t l er s w er e il l t t ed for -

a m m al a
g a t i ng w i t h t he p u rit a ns o f New P ly omu th , o r t o s tr u
gg l e
w ith t he d i ff i c u l ti es th ey ha d enco u n t er ed , a n d th e y th er efore
s oo n a b a nd o ned th eir e n t er pri s e U nd er Ch a rl es I t he r el i g iou s
m m
.
.
,

e i g ra tio n fro Engl a nd w a s g r ea t ly i ncr ea s ed , a nd t he o l d s et

t l er s o n t h es e di s t a nt s hor es w er e s oo n j oi ned b y m
u l tit u d es o f

fri end s w ho sh a red in th eir p ri ncip l es a nd feel i ng s So e o f m

m
.

th ese fo u nd ed , i n 1 62 8 , t he to w n o f S a l e Soo n a ft er w a rd
m
.

B o s t o n w a s fo u nd ed , w hich b ec a e a t o nc e t he pri nc ip a l to w n
o f M a ssa ch u s e t ts b a y m
F ro t he p ec u l i a r co nstitu tio n o f thi s
m
.

s i n u l a r co l o ny , it b ec a e a s i nto l er a nt a s it w a s r e l i io n d
g g u s , a

i t s ea r l i er hi s tory pr es ent s u s w it h fr eq u ent i ns t a nc es o f p er s s o n

t io n fo r t he s a k eo f co ns ci entio u s co n victio ns R el i g io u s di s c u s
m
.

s io ns h er e t ook t h e p l a c eo f po l itic a l d is p u t e s , a nd di s t u r b e d fro

m m
ti e t o ti e t he p ea c e o f t he i nfa nt co l o ny A s choo l h a v i ng
m
.

b een fo u nd ed a t a s a ll to w n c a ll ed New to w n , it w a s er ected i a

m
to a u niv er s ity in 1 6 38 , a nd na ed H a rv a rd co ll eg e, fro a p io u s m
m m
i ni s t er w ho l eft a l eg a c y fo r it s endo w ent , a nd th ena e o f
m
m
New to w n w a s ch a n g ed to t h a t o f C a brid g e, in e ory o f t he mm
m m
c el ebra t ed s ch o l a s t ic es t a bl i sh ent in t he o t h er co u ntry O ne -

m m
.

o f t he o s t di sti ng u i sh ed o f t he New Eng l a nd i ni s ters , El iott ,

l a bor ed to co n v ert t he I ndi a ns , a nd t o es t a bl i sh or ei nti a tea nd m m
m
fri end ly r el a t io ns w i t h th e , w ith gr ea t su cc ess , a n d his ex a p l e m
m
h a v i ng b een fo ll o w ed by a ny oth ers , th er ew er e, i n 1 6 87 , n o l ess
th a n fo u r a nd t w enty I ndi a ns w ho w er e pr ea ch ers o f t h e g o s p el
- -

a m m
o ng th eir co u ntry en D u r i ng t hep eriod o f t heprot ector a t e, t he
.

i nto l er a nt spirit o f t he col o ny w a s sho w n in t he p ers ec u tio n o f s ev

er a l a na b a pti st s w ho ha d s ettl ed th er e Thi s w a s fo l lo w ed b y a
m m
.

u ch o re s e v er e p ers ec u tio n o f t he q u a k er s The rei g n o f .

Ch a r les I I , w a s a p eriod o f t ro u bl e fo r t he col o ni s ts M a ny p er

. .

i s hed in a erc e w a r w i t h t he I ndi a ns a l tho u g h t he l a tt er w er e

,

entir ely d efea t ed a nd r edu c ed . Thi s w a s fo ll o w ed b y vex a t io u s

 S O R CE R Y IN NE W E NGL A ND . 387

r o c ee di ng s o n t he p a rt o f t h e g ov er nm e nt o f t he m oth e r co un
p
-

tr y w hi c h end ed in t he s ei z u r e o f t h eir ch a r t er I n 1 6 8 9 a ft er
,
.
,

t h e a cc es s io n o f t he pri n c e o f O r a ng e t o t he En g l i s h thr o ne t he
c h a rt er w a s r es to r ed or r a t h er a n ew o n e w a s g iv en t o t h ema nd
,

S ir Wi ll i a mP hi pp s w a s a p poi nt ed t h eir g o v er no r
, ,

It w a s d u r ing
t h e for fei t u r eo f t he ch a r t er th a t t he fo ll o w i n g ev en t s co m men c ed
.

I t is no t to b e w o nd er ed a t i f t h e p l a nt er s o f New Eng l a nd
c a rri ed w i t h thema l l t he s u p er s t i t io u s feel i ng s w hi c h ha d b een

s ho w n b y th eir br e t hr en in Eng l a nd It w a s t h e g ener a l b el i ef

o f tho s e ti m
.

es th a t t he g o d s o r ido l s w or s hi pp ed by t he h ea t h ens
a nd esp eci a lly by t he I nd i a ns w er e d em o ns a nd t h a t t h ey ,

w er e co n s t a nt ly w a g i ng w a r w ith t he C h r i s t i a n p r o fes s o r s t hr o u g h
t he i n s tru m ent a l ity o f s o r c er y So m e o f t he o ld d oc t or s i n d e
mo n 010gy w ere o f opi nio n t ha t t h e d evi l w a s u na bl e t o w o r k evi l
.

a g a i n s t t he p e r s o n s o r p r o p er t y o f Ch r i s t i a ns u nl es s he c o u l d o h
t a i n Ch r i s t i a ns to b e his w i ll i n g a g ent s a n d i n t h i s w a y t h ey a c
nes s t o m a k e a nd m
,

c o u nt ed fo r his e a e r u l t i ly w it c hes I t w
g p as

n a t u r a l en o u g h fo r m
.

en p l a c ed l ik e t he c o l o n is t s o f New En g
l a nd a nd w i t h t h ei r f eel i ng s t o b el i ev e th a t t h e d em
, ,
o n w ho ha d
pr evio u s ly h el d u nd is t u rb ed po ss es s i o n o f t hi s di s t ric t s ho u l d b e
a ng er ed a t t he p l a nt a ti o n o f t he g o s p el i n it a nd t h a t he s ho u ld b e
,
.

ho s ti l e t o t he p u r it a ni c a l s ettl er s ; b u t t h ey w er e a s el ec t bod y
se l ect n i h n s el ct in p er s o n a l a tt c h m
i fa t a d e a ent a nd th e ha d
y
n o en em ies a m o ng them ll th em
,

s el v es w ho w er e l ik ely t o s e se lv es
t o S a t a n a nd t o b eco m e hi s i ns t r u m en t s o f p er s ec u tio n It is no t .

s u rpri s i n g t h er ef o r e i f d u r i ng t he r s t h a l f c en t u r y a ft er t h e
, ,

fo u nd a t io n o f t he co l o ny t he i d ea o f s u s p ecti n g a ny o ne o f w i t ch
c r a ft h a rd ly occ u r r ed t o th eir m i nd s I t w a s o nly w h en t h er e
w er e m or e p eopl e o f a mi s c ell a n eo u s ch a r a c t er in t he s et t l em
.

ent ,

a nd a ft er t he end ha d fa i l ed i n d es t r o y i ng it b y a n i n s u r r ectio n
o f t he I ndi a n s th a t h e fo r m
, ed t he m o r e i ns idi o u s d es i g n o f o v
t hr o w i ng it b y a co nfed er a t i o n o f w i t c hes .

F o u r p er s o ns ha d in l eed b een ch a r g ed w ith w itch c r a ft in

1 6 4 5 a nd ha d b een ex ec u t ed b u t t hi s s i n gl e c a s e m a d e no

m
s a tio n a n d t he c ri m a s n o t h ea r d o f a g a i n fo r m
,

g r e a t se n , e w a ny

y ea r s At l en g th in t he y ea r J c a s e oc c u r r ed a t Bo s t o n
w hich st r u ck t he co l o nis t s w i t h n o l i t t l e d is m A m
.
, ,

ay a s on o f

t h a t to w n na m
.

ed Joh n G ood w i n w ho ha d s ix c hi ld r en w a s in
t he h a bit o f em pl o ying a s a w a s her w o m
, , ,

a n o n e o f his n ei hb o r s
g
na m ed Gl ov er a n l r is h w o m a n a nd a p a i s t
p n ei t h er o f t h ema n
y
a t r eco m m
, ,

r e e nd a t i o n in t he s t a t e o f New E n g l a nd A b o u t t he
g
mid su mmer o f t he y ea r l a s t ment i o n ed s o me l i nen h a v i n g b eer
.

missed G ood w in s w i fe a cc u s ed t he w oma n of t heft o n w hicn

-
,

, ,
 I

e
se so ncs a v A ND M A G I C .

sh e b ec a me a ng ry a nd a
b u s i v e a nd u s ed cro ss l a ng u a g e t o one
'

Im med i a t ely a ft er w a r d t hi s girl

,

o f t he c hi ld r en a l i t t l e g i r l

w a s S l Z C l w i t h fit s a n d s t r a n g e a ffl i c ti o n s w hi c h s oo n c o m mu
, .
,

t t

n ic a t c d t hemel ves t o t hr ee o f her s i s t er s T he I ri s h w o m

,

s a n fe ll
u nd er s u s p i c i o n a nd w a s a r r es t ed a n d i n her exa m
.

i na t io n she
a n d w ith s u ch a s t r a n e m
, ,

a n s w er ed o i n c o her en t l
g ixt u r e of
s
y ,

I r i s h a n d b r k en Eng l i s h t ha t s he w a s s oo n bro u g ht in gu i lty

o

a n d t he s o l em o f t he exa m u tio n m
, ,

ni t
y i na t io n a nd e x e c a d e a de ep
i mp r es s i o n o n t he mi nd s o f t he p eo pl e O f Bo st o n
Th er e w er e i n t h a t t o w n t w o m
.

i ni s t er s (f a th er a nd s o n) w ho
fo r m a n y r ea s o n s hel d a di s t i n u i h ed p l a c e a m
, ,

, g o n g t hs e c l er gy
o f New E n g l a n d a n d t heir opi n i o ns w er e l ook ed u t o w i t h t he
p
u tm
,

o s t r es ec t
p Th e.s e w er e I n cr e a s e a n d Co t t o n M a t h e r t h e ,

fi r s t p r i n c i pa l a nd t he s eco nd a f ell o w o f H a rv a rd c o ll eg e
Th es e m en s eemto h a v e s t u di ed d eeply t he doc t r i n es o n t he
.
,

s u b j ec t o f w i t c h cr a ft w hich ha d s o l o n b ee n h el d i n Eu rope
g ,

a n d t o h a v e b een f u lly c o nvi nc e d o f t h eir tr u th C o t t o n M a ther .

w a s c a l led in t o w i t ness t he a ffl i c t io ns w i t h w hi c h G ood w i n s

c hi l d r en w er e vi i t ed a n d n o t co n t ent w i t h w h a t he s a w th e re
'

h e t o k t he g i r l w ho s e vi s i t a tio n s s eem ed m
, ,

o o s t ex t r a or d i na ry t o
h is o w n h o m e t ha t he m, i g ht ex a m i neh er m or e l ei s u rely a nd he ,

h a s l eft u s a pr in t ed a cco u n t o f h is ob s erv a ti o ns I t a pp ea r s

th a t s o m e o f t he s to r i es o f Eu rop ea n w itchcr a ft ha d b een im
.

p r es s ed o n her m i nd fo r w h en in her t s s heb el i ev ed t h a t t he

w itch es c a m
,

e fo r her w i t h a hor s e o n w hich s he rod e t o t h eir

meet i ng s S o meti mes in t hepr es enc e o f a nu mb er o f p ers o ns
.
, ,

s h e w o u l d s u d d en ly fa l l i nt o a s o r t o f t r a n c e a nd th e n s h ew ou l d
j u mp i nt o a c ha i r a nd p la ci n g h er s el f in a ridi ng po st u re m
,

o ve

ly a m
, ,

a s i f s he w er e s u c c es s i v e bl i ng tro t ti ng a nd g a llo pp ing

A t t he s a m e ti m e s he w o u l d t a l k w ith i n vi s ib l e co m
.
, ,

p a ny th a t
s eem
,

ed t o g o w i t h h er a nd s he \vo u l d l i s t en t o th eir a ns w ers

A ft er c o nt i n u i n g i n t hi s w a y t w o o r thr ee m i nu t es s he s eem
.
,

ed
t o thi n k h er s el f a t a m
,

eeti ng o f t he w itch es a g r ea t di s t a n c e
fr o mt he h o u s e w h er e s he w a s s itti n g ; then s he w o u l d r etu rn
,

a a i n o n her i m a i n a r y h o r s e a nd co m e to h e r se l f a a i n ; a nd
g g , g
o n o ne oc c a s i o n s h e t o ld C ot t o n M a th e r o f thr ee p er s o ns she
ha d s een a t t he m eeti ng Dr M a t h er s s i m pl ici t y to s a y t he

l ea s t w a s s h o w n b y t he s o r t o f exp eri m ent s he m

. .
,

,
a d e o n th i s

f a nt a s t i c a l p a ti ent Wh en she w a s in her t s a nd t herefore

.
,

u nd er t he i n u enc e o f S a t a n s h e r e a d or l is t ened t o b a d b o o k s
,

w i t h p l ea s u r e b u t g ood book s t hr ew her i nto co nv u l s io ns He

t ri ed her w i t h t he B ib l e t he a s s em bly s c a t echi s m his gr a nd
.
.

, ,

fa th er Cotto n M a th er s M i l k fo r B a b es a nd his fa t her I n
'

,
 CO TT O N M AT H E R . 389

c r ea s es R em
a rk a b l e P rov id e nc es w ith a tr ea ti s e w ritt en t o ,

p ro v e t he r e a l ity o f w itchcr a ft a n d t he exi s t e nc e o f w itch es

w er e m
, .

Th e se g ood book s Cot t o n M a th er t ell s u s

, orta l to ,

h er ,

th ey thr ew her i nto tr a nc es a nd co nv u l s io ns Next he .

t ri ed her w i t h book s o f a di ff er ent ch a r a ct er s u ch a s q u a k er s

,

book s (t he q u a k er s w er e l ook ed u po n w i t h a v ery evi l eye in

New Eng l a nd ) pop i sh bo o k s t he C a m , b r id g e a nd O x ford J es ts
, ,

a pr a yer book ( a g a in s t w hich t h e p u ri t a ns a l w a y s pro fes s ed t he

.
-

r e a t es t ho s t i l i t y ) a n d a book w rit t e n t o pro v e t ha t th er e w e r e

g ,

no w itch es Th es e t he d ev i l l et her r ea d a s l o ng a s s he lik ed

.
,

a n d he s ho w ed p a rtic u l a r r es p ect t o t he p r a y er book ev en a l -

,

l o w i ng h er to r ea d t he p a s s a g es o f s cript u r e i n it a l tho u g h he
thr ew her i nto t he m o s t d r ea d f u l su er ing s if s he a t t em
,

p t ed to

r ea d t he s a m e t exts in t he B ib l e .

D r Cotto n M a th er g a v e t he w orl d a fu ll a ccou nt o f thi s c a s e

L a t e M em
.

in a l ittl e book entitl ed o r a b l e P rovid enc es r el a ti ng

,

t o W i t chcr a ft a n d P oss es s i o n in w hich h e a l s o co ll ect ed to ,

e th e r a few oth e r c e o f w it chcr a ft in New E n l a n d w hic h

g a s s g
m
,

s ho w th a t th er e w a s a l r ea d y a s t ro n e xcit e e nt a bro a d o n t he
g
su bj e ct Thi s b e i nc r ea s ed b y r ep ea t i ng to t he co l o ni st s t he d e
.

t a i l s o f t he t ri a l b efor e M a tth ew H a l e a n d oth er c a s es w hich

?

ha d occ u rr ed in Engl a nd ; a nd fu r th er b y d i s p er s i ng a m o ng
t h emi n t he fo ll o w i n g y ea r w i t h a w a r mr eco m mend a tio n o f it s
,

merits B a xter s C erta i nt y o f t he W orl d o f S piri t s a w ork

,

, ,

w ell c a l c u l a t ed to s pr ea d t he t erro r o f w i t chcr a ft .

T here c a n b e l i t tl e do u bt th a t Co t to n M a t h er s z ea l in s p r ea d

ing a bro a d t he doctri nes o f t he o ld w o r l d o n thi s s u b j ect co n t rib

u te d to t he c a t a s t r oph e w hic h fo llo w ed in t he new
A M r P a ri s h a d b een fo r s o m e y ea r s m i ni s t er o f S a l emv i l
.

la ge W mto ha v e b een o n i nd i ff er ent terms w i t h his

.

a ri s hio ner s o n a cco u nt o f s o m

.

p e d i s p u t es r e l a ti n
g to t h e ho u s e
d a s t h eir mi n i st er o f w hi ch h e ha d obt a i ned
,

a nd l a nd he occ u pi e

a g i ft in fee s i m pl e To w a rd t h e end o f F ebru a ry o f 1 6 92 s o m

,

-
e
s o ns i n his fa m a nd s o m
.
,

y ou n
g p er i ly e o t h er s o f th eir n ei h b or s
g
b eg a n to a ct a ft er a s tr a ng e m
, ,

a nn er cr eepi n i n to ho l e s a nd n u
g ,

d er ch a ir s a nd stoo l s u s i ng a ntic g es t u r es u t t eri ng ri d ic u l o u s

, ,

s p eech es a n d fa ll i ng i nto t s
, T he ph ys ici a n s w er e co n s u l t ed
.
,

b u t th ey w er e u n a b le to di s cov er t he n a t u r e o f t h e d i s o r d er o r ,

t o eff ect a c u r e a n d th ey d ec l a r ed th eir b el i ef t h a t t h ey w er e

M r P a r i s h a d a n I nd i a n m m
,

b ew i t ch ed a n a n d w o a n t he l a t

t er n a m
. .

ed T it u ab a s s erv a n t s i n h is h o u s e a nd th e y w it h Mr
Pa r is s co n s ent m
, , .

a d e a n en ch a n t e d c a k e a ccord i n g t o t he c u s
t o mo f t h eir trib es a nd thi s b ei n g g i v en to a d o g b el o ng i ng t o
, ,

,
*
33
390 S O RCE R Y A ND M A GI C .

t he fa mi ly ena b l e t he p ers o ns a l ict ed t o d ec l a r ew ho

w as to
m
,

h a d b ew i t ch ed t h e T he r es u l t w a s t ha t t h ey a cc u s ed t het wo
m
.

I ndi a ns a nd t he w o a n co n fes s ed h er s el f gu i l t y , a nd w a s thro w n

,

i nto pr is o n sh e w a s s u b s equ ently s ol d to p a y t he pri s o n fees .

S ever a l pri v a t e fa sts w er e n o w h el d in t he ho u se o f M r P a ri s, .

a nd a p u b l ic fa s t w a s dir e c t ed thro u g ho u t t he co l o ny , t o a vert

G od s w r a th

.

B ei ng v i s it ed a nd no tic ed t he c hi l d r en a nd oth er s a f ict ed ,

pro c eed ed to oth er d enu nci a tio ns a nd o t her p ers o ns exhibited

sim
,

i l a r t s a nd co nt o r tio ns A t rst t h ey v entu red o nl y o n a c

ens i n g poor w o m
.

en w ho w er e o f i ll r ep u t e i n t he p l a c e a nd -

t h ey t a l k ed o f a b l a ck m a n w ho u r ed th emto s i n a book
, ,

g g ,

w hich th ey s a id w a s r ed v ery thick a nd a bo u t a c u bit l o ng

Th ey w er e g r a d u a lly enco u r a g ed t o a cc u s e p erso ns o f a m
, , .

ore
r es p ect a bl e po sitio n i n li fe a nd a m o ng t he rst o f th es e w ere
G o o d w i fe C o ry a nd G o o d w i fe Nu rs e m em
,

b er s o f t he ch u rch es
a t S a l em v i ll a g e a nd S a l emto w n O n t he2 l s t o f M a rc h G ood
,

w i fe Cory w a s s u bj ect ed t o a s ol em n ex a m i na tio n in t he m

.

eet
in g ho u s e o f t he v il la g e T en a l ic t ed p ers o ns a cc u s ed her o f
-

t or m ent i ng th em Th ey s a id tha t i n th eir t s t h ey s a w her l ik e

.

n es s co m i ng w i t h a book fo r th emto s ig n S heea r nes tly a s

.

s er t e d her i nnoc enc e a nd r epr es en ted t h a t th ey w er e poor d is

,

t r a ct ed cr ea t u r es w ho k new no t w h a t they w er e sa y i n g U pon

thi s t h ey d ecl a r ed th a t t he bl a ck m
.
,

a n w hi s p er e d t o h er in her
s he w a s u po n ex a m
,

c a r no w
( w hi l e i n a tio n
) a nd th a t s h e h a d a ,

y e l l o w b i rd t h a t did u s e t o s u c k b et w een h er n er s a n d th a t
g
t he s a id bird d id s u ck n o w i n t he a s s em
, ,

b ly O rd er b ei ng g i v en .

to l o o k in th a t pl a c e t o s ee if there w er e a ny s i gn t he g irl t h a t ,

p r et end ed to s eeit s a id th a t it w a s t o o l a t e n ew fo r s he ha d r e
mov ed a p in a nd p u t it o n her h ea d It w a s u pon sea rch fou nd
,

.
,

th a t a p in w a s th ere s ti ck i n g u pri ght \Vh en t he a cc u s ed ha d

m r b o d y ha n d s o r m
.

an o t i o n o f he o u th t h e a cc u s e r s w o u l d cr
y , y , ,

o u t ; a s w h en s h e bit her l i th ey w o u ld c r o u t o f b ei n bi t t en
p y g , ;
if s he g r a s ped o ne h a nd w i t h t h e oth er they w o u l d cry o u t o f
b ei n g pi nc hed b y h er a nd w o u l d pro d u c e m
,

a r k s ; s o o f t h e oth e r
motio ns o f her bod y a s c o mpl a i ni ng o f b ei ng pres s ed w h en she
,

, ,

l ea ned t o t he s ea t n ext her i f s he s tirr ed her feet th ey w o u l d ,

y i
T hes e ello w b r d s p er ha p s ene i es f or m m
a p ec u l a r fea t u r e o f w it chcr a in i
New E ng la nd l n s er o n t m im
e w en G oo d w i te ( 3 w a s p r es ent i n t he eet ing h m
m
. .

i m
l i o u s e, A b i g a i l d no t Lo o k er e G o o d e if e C s it s o n t he b ea

h
m
,

i
s u c k l n g h er y i i
el lo w b r d b et w x t l i er l n g er s !

A n n e Pit n r , a no t er g r l a i ct h i
ed s a d i h
T er e w a s a y l
e lo w b r d s a t o n iy b a t a s it u ng o n t he p in in t hepu l m h
m
. .

p i t b u t t h
o s e t ha t w er e b y r es t r a ned her fr o s p ea k ng ou d a b ou t i it

IR i l .

c rca ss M u n s a s F U R T H E R A C C O U NT O F r u n: New E NG LA ND W r r c u n , p 2
' "
a . .
 S ALEM W IT C H E S . 391

s at m p a n d cr y o u t o f p a i n th er e A f t er t h e h e a r in
g t h e s a id
C ory w a s co m mitted t o S a l emp ri s o n a nd th en th eir cry i ng o u t
,
.

,

o f he r a b a t ed

O n t he 2 4 t h o f M a rch G ood w i fe Nu r s e w a s su dd enly ex a m

.

ined b efor e t he m i ni s t er s a nd m a i s t r a t es i n t he m
,

g ee t i n g ho u s e

w ith t he s a m
,

e r es u l t A ch i l d b et w een fo u r a nd v e y ea rs o l d
w a s n o w a l s o co m mitted T he a c cu s er s s a id th a t t his c hild
.

ca m e i nvi s ib ly a n d hit t h em a nd t h ey w o u l d sh o w t he m
.

a r ks

o f sm a ll t eet h o n t h ei r a r m s t o co r r o b o r a t e t he s t a t em
, ,

ent ; a n d I

w h en t he chi l d c a s t it s eye u pon th em t h ey i m medi a t ely cri ed

o u t th a t th ey w er e i n tor m
,

ent
T he nu m
.

b er o f a cc u s er s a nd a cc u s ed n o w i ncr ea s ed fa s t a nd
so m e o f t he l a t t er a s t he o nly m ea n s o f s a vi n g t h em s el v es m
,

a de

co nfes s io ns a nd a cc u s ed o t h er s T hey a ll s po k e o f a b l a ck m
, ,

an

a nd s o m e d es crib ed h im a s r es em b l i ng a n I nd i a n a circ u m
, ,
.

s t a nc e w e c a n ea s i ly u nd er s t a nd \Ve a r e t o l d b y o n e o f t he
.

h i s tori a n s o f th es e ev ent s o f a co n v ert ed I ndi a n w ho w a s a z ea l

o u s pr ea ch er o f t h e o s p el a m o u nt r y m
,

g o n g h i s c e n b e i n g a l it
t l e b efor e he d i ed a t w ork i n t he w o o d m a ki n
g of ta r t h e r ea
p
u nt o hima b l a ck m a n o f a t errib l e a s p ect a n d m
,

p eare d or e th an

hu m an d m r ly to ki ll h i m if he w o u l d
,

s io n s thr ea t en i n bitt
i e n g e
n o t pro m i s e t o l ea v e o ff pr ea chi ng t o his co u ntry m
, ,

en Thi s i s
nt s I a mn o w r e
.

s a i d t o h a v e occ u rr ed j u s t b efo r e t he ev e l a ti ng ;
t he b l a ck m a n o f t he co n fess io n s w a s o f ordi na r y s t a t u r e b u t he

ma d e no secret o f his d es ig n to d es t roy t he Chri s t i a n s et t l ement

,

ld m
,

a nd he h e eeti ng s o f h is co n v ert s t ho s e w ho ha d s i g n ed his

book w h er e th ey ha d m o ck c er em o nies a nd p a r t icip a t ed in a
mock sa c ra ment O ne o f t he a cc u sed w ho s a v ed hi ms el f b y

.
,

c o nfes s i ng to ld h o w t he dev i l a pp ea r ed in t he s h a p e o f a bl a ck

ma n in t he ev eni ng t o s et my na me t o his bo o k a s I h a v e
,

o w ne

i ng
d to m
,

y sh a m e ; h e t o l d e th
,

a t
A t S a l em vi ll a g e th er e b ei ng a l i t tl e o ff t he m
I s h o uml d n o t w a n t s o

eeti ng
do
,

ho u s e a bo u t a h u nd r ed ne bl a d es s o m
.
, ,

e w ith r a pi er s b y t h eir
a n d t he t r u me
, ,

s id e s t s o u nd ed a n d br ea d a nd w i n e
p
w hich t h ey c a ll ed t he s a c r a m
, , ,

ent b u t I ha d n o n e b ei ng c a rri ed
r m
,

o v er a l l o n a s ti ck a nd n ev er w a s pr es ent a t a n oth e ee ti n
g
y
The d es i g n w a s to d es t r o y S a l emvi ll a g e a nd to b eg i n a t
.
,

t he m
,

i ni ster s ho u s e a nd t o d es t r o y t he c hu r c hes o f G od a nd to

t u p S a t a n s ki n g do m a n d t h en a ll w i l l b e w el l
, ,

se

T he m i ni s t er s a nd m
.
,

a g i s t r a t es w en t o n w i t h t heir fa s t i n g s a n d

exa m i ning s a s t he nu m b er o f p er s o n s a c cu s ed i nc r ea s ed u nti l

o n t he 1 1 t h o f Apri l t h er e w a s a g r a n d p u b l ic h ea r i n g a t S a l em
, , ,

b efor e s ix m al m
,

a i st r a t e s a nd s e v e r i n i s t er s O ne G ood w i fe
g .
392 S O R CE R Y A ND M A GIC .

Proct er w as a mng t he p er
o cc u s ed on thi s o cca si on Her
s o ns a .

h u s b a nd a t t end ed t o a s s i s t a nd a dvi s eher a n d w h en he took her

p a r t t hea c c u s er s cri ed o u t o n him a nd bo t h w er e a c co r di ngly
,

com mi t t ed
, ,

O n t he 1 4t h o f M a y 1 69 2 Sir \V il lia mP hipps a rri v ed bri ng

.

i ng w i t h hi mt he n ew ch a r t er o f t he co l o ny
, , ,

I nst ea d o f b ei ng
t he h a rbi ng er o f p ea c e b y i m
.

orti ng t h e l ib er a l pri nc ip l es w hi ch
p
w er e n o w g a i n i ng g r o u nd i n Eng l a nd t he n ew g o v er n or eithe , r
s h a r ed in t h e pr ej u dic es o f t he c o l o ni s t s o r w i s h ed t o g a i n p o p

u la r it y a m m
,

on t he b a pp ea r i n to d o s o a nd he ord er e d a l l t he
g y g ,

pri s o ners w ho w er e c h a r g ed w i t h w i t chcr a ft t o b e thro w n i nto

c ha i ns U p o n thi s t he a t il t c t ed per s o ns a r e s a id to h a v e b een in
r o mt h eir tort u r es
.

g e n e r a l r el i ev e d f T h e a cc u s a tio ns w er e n o w

mu l t ipl i ed a n d p eo pl e o f t he g r ea t est r es p ec t a bi l ity in s o c i ety

.

b ec a m
,

e s u b j ect t o t he d enu nci a ti o n s o f t he a f i c t ed O n t he .

2 4 t h o f M a y a M r s C a r y o f C ha r l es to w n h a vi ng b een a c c u s ed
b y som
, .
, ,

e o f t h e g i r l s a nd a n I nd i a n w a s a r r es t ed a n d bro u ght
b efo r e t he m i ni s t er s a n d m am
,

a i st r a te s fo r e x i n a tio n H e r
g .

h u s b a nd w ent w it h her t o s u pport her i n her t ri a l s a n d w eh a v e

h is a cco u n t o f t he m a nn er in w hic h t he ex a m
,

i na tio n w a s c a rri ed

on . Bei ng b r o u g ht b efo r e t he j u st ic es he s a y s her chi ef , ,

a cc u s er s w er e t w o
g i r ls M y w i fe d ec la r e d to t he j u s tic es t h a t

s he n ever h a d a n y k no w l ed g e o f th emb efo r e th a t d a y

.

S he
w a s fo r c ed t o s t a n d w i t h her a r m
.

s s tr etch ed o u t I d id r eq u est
th a t I m i ght h o l d o n eo f her ha nd s b u t it w a s d eni ed m
.

e Th en
d m e t o w i p e t he t ea r s f r o mh er ey es a n d t h e s w ea t
.
,

s he d e i r e s

f r o mher fa c e w hi c h I d id Th en s h e d es ir ed s h e mi g ht l ea n
h er s el f o n m
.
,

e s a y i ng s he s ho u l d fa i nt J u s tic e H a t hor n r epl i ed

s he h a d s t r en t h en o u h to t or m
.
, ,

e n t tho s ep e r s o ns a nd s hes ho u l d
g g
h a v e st r eng t h eno u gh to s t a nd I s p ea k ing s o m
,

et hi n g a g a i n s t
th eir cr u el p r o c eedi ng s t hey co m ma nd ed me to b e s i l en t o r el s e
.

I s ho u l d b e t u r ned o u t o f t he roo m T he I nd i a n b efor e m

, ,

. en
t io n ed w a s a l s o bro u g h t i n t o b e o n e o f h er a cc u s er s ; b ei n
g
com e i n h e n o w ( w h en b efo r e t he j u s tic es ) fell d o w n a nd t u m
,

b l ed a bo u t h k e a ho g b u t s a id n o thi ng T he j u s tic e a s k ed t he
m
, .

i r ls h o a f i c t e d h I di Th y r d h e i
(

g w t e n a n e a n s w e e s e a n n g

my w i fe) a nd no w la y u p o n him; t he j u s t i ces ord ered her t o

, .
,

to u ch hi mi n o r d er t o his c u r e b u t her h ea d m
,

u st b e tu r ne d an
m m
, ,

o th er w a
y l es t i ns t ea d o f c u r i n
g s h e s h o u l d a k e hi w or s e b y
h er l o o k i n g o n h i mher h a n d b ein g g u i d ed to t a k e ho l d o f his
,

b u t t he I nd ia n t ook ho ld o n her h a nd a n d p u ll ed her do w n o n t he

o or in a b a rb a ro u s m
,

, a nn e r ; th en h is h a nd w a s ta k en o ff a n d ,

her h a nd p u t o n his a nd t he c u r e w a s q u ick ly w ro u ght

,

.
 T HE EX EC UTI O NS CO M ME NCE . 39 3

When thi s m a n pr oc e ed ed t o exp o st u l a t e i n fa v or o f his w ife ,

h e o nly provok ed t he c o u rt b y his i nt er fer en c e a nd t he a f i c t ed

cry o u t a g a i ns t him B o t h ho w ever s u c c eed ed
,

w er e r ea d y to
in m
.
, ,

a ki n
g t he ir e s c a e ; a n d th ey p r oc ee
p d ed to R hod e I s l a nd

T he r o s ec u t o r s no w a d o pt ed s o m
,

a n d th en c e t o New Y o r k e
o f t he m od es o f tri a l w hich t hey l ea r ned fro mt he pri nt ed book s
.

th a t h a d b een i m port ed fro mEng l a nd s u ch a s m a ki n

g t h e ac ,

c u s ed s a y t he L ord s P r a y er a nd s ea rchi ng fo r t ea t s O neo f t h

.
,

l a t t er w a s s a id to h a v e b een fo u n d o n t he p er s o n o f G o o d w i fe
B i s hop O n t he 31 s t o f M a y t he a cc u s er s s tru ck a s t ep h ig h er
c ri ed o u t u po n a s ea c a pt a i n o f B o sto n na m
.
, ,

a nd -
ed J hn A l di n o

w ho w a s b r o u ght to S a l emfo r ex a m
, ,

i na tio n H e a s k ed his a o
W hy th ey sho u l d thi n k th a t he sho u l d co m
.

c u s er s , e to t ha t vi l

l a g e t o a ffl i c t tho s e p er s o ns t h a t h e n ev er k new o r s a w b efor e?
B u t he fo u n d expo s t u l a tio n i n v a i n a nd he w a s c o m mitt ed to ,

pri s o n i n Bo s to n T he j a i l er ho w ev er b eg a n t o tr ea t his p r is
m r i s o nm
.
, , .
o ner s w i t h l e s s r u d en es s a n d a ft er a l o n i p e n t C a pt a in
g, ,

A l di n es c a p ed perh a p s w i t h t he j a i l er s co nn i v a nc e

O n t he 2 d o f J u ne a s p eci a l c o m mi s s io n w a s o p ened a t S a l em
, .

fo r t h e tri a l o f t he o ff end er s T he d epo s i t i o ns w er e m a ny o f

t h em
.

o f s u ch a n extr a ordi n a ry ch a r a ct er t ha t w e c a n n o t b e s u r

pri s ed a t b ei ng t o l d th a t o n t he fi ft eent h o f t he s a m em
,

o nt h G ov

er no r P hipp s fo u nd it nec es s a r y to co ns u l t w i t h t he m i n is ter s o f

B o s to n a nd th a t hew a s a d vi s ed by t h emto proc eed w i t h c a u tio n
, .

F i v e d a y s b efor e B r id g et Bi s ho p ha d b een h a ng ed w hi c h w a s
, ,

t he rs t o f thi s s eri es o f ex ecu tio n s

T he a c t ors in thi s tra g ed y b eg a n a s I h a v e a l r ea d y i n t i m
.

,
a te d ,

b y a cc u s i ng per s o ns w ho w ere a lr ea d y d es pi s ed a nd d i s l ik ed b y
t h eir nei g hbor s w ho s e ea r s th er efo r e w er e op en to a ny c h a r g es
a g a i ns t th em B rid g et B i s ho p t b e r s t w o m
,

a n ex ec u t ed a nd

S u s a nna M a rti n w ho w a s co nd em ned a b o u t t he s a m e ti m

. , ,

, e b e ,

l o ng ed t o thi s c l a s s a nd to j u d g e by t he ext r a or d i n a ry d ep o s i
tio ns o n t heir tri a l s b o t h ha d b een for s o m e ti m
, ,

, e r eg a r d ed a s

d a nger ou s i ndi v i d u a l s O ne o f t he a l ict ed s t a t ed t ha t t he
.

sha p e o f t hepri so n er a e a red to h er f eq ent ly a nd b it p r i c k e d
pp r u

a nd o t h er w i s e tor m
, , ,

en t ed h er A n o t her t e t i fied
.t ha t i t w a s s
,

t he s h a p e o f thi s p r i s o ner B is h o p ) w i t h a n o th er w hi c h o ne d a y
(
t ook h er f r o mher w h eel a n d c a r r i ed h er t o t he riv er s i d e t h r ea t
,

, ,

o ni ng th er e t o d ro w n her if s he d id no t s i g n t he b o o k I t is .

a dd ed O ne D el iv er a n c e H ob b es w ho ha d co n fes s ed her b ei n g
a w itch w a s n o w tor m
, ,

ent ed b y t h e s p ec t r es f r h er c o n fes s i o n o

A nd s he no w t es ti fied th a t thi s B i s ho p t em
.
,

p t e d h er to s i g n t he

S he a i r m
,

b o o k a ga i n a nd t o d eny w h a t she ha d co nfes s ed

, ed .
394 S O R CE R Y A ND M A GI C .

t ha t it w a s t he sh a pe o f thi s pri s o n er w hi ch w h ip p ed her w ith

i ro n r o d s to co m p el her t h er eu nt o A nd s he a f r m ed t h a t t his
Bi s h o p w a s a t a g ener a l m
.

eet i n g o f t he w itch es in a el d at
S a l emv i ll a g e a nd ther e p a r t o o k o f a d ia bo l ic a l s a cr a m
,

ent in
b r ea d a nd w i ne th er e a d m
,

i n i s t er ed S ever a l p er s o n s st a ted .

th a t they ha d b een d i s t u rb ed in t h eir b ed s b y noct u r na l v i s its of

a nd o ne m a n co m

t he s h a pe o f B i s ho p l a i n ed o f h er fo r b e
p ;
w i t c hi n g h is so w
O t h er w i t ness es a c cu s ed Brid g et B i shop o f sti l l m
.

or e ext r a or
d ina r y pr a n lq s u ch fo r ex a m pl e a s th a t r eco u nt ed b y o n e John
L o u d er w ho d epo s ed Th a t u po n s o m
, , ,

,
e l itt l e c o ntro v er s y w ith
,

B i sh o p a bo u t her fo w l s g o ing w ell t o b ed he di d a w a k e in t he

n i g ht b y m
,

o o n l i ht a n d did s e e c l e a r ly t he l i k e n e s s o f thi s w o
g
ma n g ri evou s ly o p pres s i ng him in w hich mi s era b l e c o n d it io n she
,

h el d hi mu na b l e t o h el p hi m s el f u nt i l n ea r d a y H e t o l d B i s h op
b u t s he d en i ed it a nd thr ea t ened hi m v er y m
.
, ,

o f di s u ch

Q u ick ly a ft e! thi s b ei ng a t ho m
, .

e o n a L ord s d a y w i t h t h e d oo r s

s h u t a b o u t hi m he s a w a bl a ck a p r o a ch hi m
, ,

p gi p ; a t w hich h e
m m
,

g oi n g t o k ick it v a rni s he d a w a y I e di a t el y a f t e r s i t t i n
g
d o w n he s a w a b l a c k thi n g j u m p in a t t he w i ndo w a n d co m
, .
,

m
e
T he bod y w a s l ik e th a t o f a m
, ,

a nd s t a nd b efo r e h i o n k ey t he
feet l ik e a cock s b u t t he fa c e m ma n He
.
,

u ch l ik e th a t o f a

b ei ng s o ext r em ely a ff r i g ht ed t h a t he c o u ld n o t s p ea k thi s m

, .

on

s t er s o k e t o h i m a n d s a i d a ma m
,

p I es s e n g er s e n t
u n to y ou

fo r I u nd er t a nd t h a t yo u a r e i n s o m e tr o u b l e o f m
, , ,

s i nd a n d if you
m
,

w ill b e r u l ed b o u s h a ll w a n t f o r nothi n i t h i or l d

y e y , g n s w .

\Vher enp o n he end ea vo r ed t o c l a p his h a n d s u po n i t ; b u t he

co u ld feel no s u b s t a n c e; a n d it j u m p ed o u t o f t he w i nd o w a g a i n ;
b u t im medi a t ely c a me in by t he po r ch tho u g h t he d oors w ere
Y o u ha d b et t er t a k e m
,

s hu t a nd s a i d co u ns el H e th e

, , y n
s t r u c k a t it w i t h a s t i c k b u t s t r u ck o nly t h e ro u n d s e l n d br k e
g a o

T he a r mw i t h w hi ch he s t r u c k w a s p r es en t ly d is en
, ,

t he s t i c k .

a b l ed a nd it v a n i s hed a w a y
, H e p r es ent ly w en t o u t a t t he b a ck
.

d o o r a nd s pi ed t hi s B i s ho p in h er orch a r d g o i n g t o w a r d her
,

h o u s e b u t he ha d n o p o w er t o s et o n e fo o t fo r w a rd u n to her
W h er eu po n r et u r n i n g i n t o t he h o u s e he w a s i mmed i a t ely a c
, .

c o s t ed b y t he mo ns t er he h a d s een b efo r e; w hi c h g o b l i n w as
, ,

no w o i n g t o fl a t hi m w her ea t he c r i ed o u t T h e w ho l e
g y ; ar

mo r o f G o d b e b et w een me a n d yo u S o it s p r a n g b a ck a nd
,

ew o v er t he a p p l e t r ee s h ak i n g m
.
,

an l e s o ff t he t r ee in its
y ppa-
.
,

y i ng o v er A t it s l ea p it fl u ng d i r t w i t h it s feet a g a i n s t t he
st o m a c h o f t he m w h er eu p o n he w a s t h en s tr u ck d u m
.

an ; b a nd ,

s o c o nti n u ed fo r thr ee d a s t o et h er
y g .
 S U S A NNA M ART I N . 395

As to S u s a nna M a rt i n w ho w a s a l s o a cc u s ed o f p a y i ng v i s its
t o p eop l e t hr o u g h t heir c ha m b er w i ndo w s a m a n na m
,

ed B er na rd ,

P ea c he d ep o s ed i n co u r t t h a t b ei ng i n b ed o n t he L o r d s d a

y
a t n i g ht he h ea r d a s c r a m
, , ,

b l i n g a t t he w i ndo w w h er ea t he t h en
S u s a nna M a r ti n co me i n a nd j u m
, ,

sa w p do w n u po n t h e oor .

S he took ho l d o f t hi s d epo nent s foot a nd dr a w i ng his bod y i nto

u po n hi mn ea r t w o ho u r s in a l l w hi ch ti m
,

a h ea p s he l a e h e
, y ,

c o u l d n ei t h er s ea k n o r s t ir A t l en th w hen he co u l d b e i n t o
p g g
mov e he l a id hol d o n her h a nd a nd p u ll i ng it u p to his mo u t h
.
,

h e b it s o m
, , ,

e o f her ng er s a s b ej u d g ed u nto t heho e

p W h er e
u po n s he w ent f ro m t he c ha m
, , .

b er do w n s t a ir s o u t a t t he door , , .

Thi s d epo n en t th er eu po n c a ll ed o u t to t he p eop l e o f t he ho u s e

t o a dvi s e th emo f w h a t ha d p a s s ed ; a n d he hi m
,

se l f did fo ll o w
h er . T he p eop l e s a w her no t b u t t h er e b ei ng a b u c k et a t t he ,

l eft h a nd o f t he door t h er e w a s a d r op o f b l ood fo u nd u p o n it

a n d s ev er a l m
, ,

or e d r o p s o f b lo od u po n t he s n o w n ew ly fa ll en -

a bro a d T her e w a s l t k ew is e t he p r i nt o f her t w o feet j u s t w ith

o u t t he thr es ho l d b u t no m
.

'

ore si n o f a n
g y fo o t in
g f u r t her o n

A t a n oth er ti m
, .

e t hi s d epo nent w a s d es ir ed b y t he p ri so ner t o

co m e u n to a h u s k i n g o f corn a t her ho u s e a n d s he s a id i f he did
n o t co m
-
,

e it w er e b ett er th a t hedid H e w ent n o t ; b u t t he ni g h t

f o ll o w i ng S u s a n na M a r t i n a s b e j u d g ed a nd a noth er c a m
.

e
to w a rd hi m One o f t hems a id H er e he i s b u t he h a v i ng a
,

q u a r t er s t a ff m a d e a b l o w a t t h em
.
, ,

-
T he r o o f o f t he b a r n bro k e
h i s b l o w b u t fo ll o w i n g th emto t he w i ndo w he m
, .

a d e a n oth e r
b l o w a t th ema nd s t r u ck t hemdo w n ; yet th ey g o t u p a nd g o t
, ,

a nd he s a w n o m o r e o f th em A bo u t thi s t i m
,

out e t her e w a s a
r u m
, .

or a bo u t t he t o w n th a t M a rt in ha d a br o k en hea d b u t t he d e ,

po n ent co u l d s a y nothi ng t o th a t A noth er n ei g hbor w ho s e
na m e w a s Joh n K em
.
,

b a l s t a t ed t ha t B ei ng d es ir o u s to fu r ni s h
hi m l f w ith a d o g he a ppl i ed hi m
, ,

se s el f t o b u y o n e o f thi s M a r
,

t i n w ho ha d a b i tc h w ith w h el p s in h er ho u s e B u t sheno t l et
t i ng himh a v e h is choi c e he s a id he w o u l d a pply hi m
, .

se l f th en
H a v i ng m
,

a t o n e B l ez d e ls a r k ed a p u ppy w hich he l ik ed a t

B l ez d el s h e m
.

et G eo r g e M a r t i n t he h u s b a nd o f t he p r i s o ner

a s k ed hi mw h eth er h e w ou l d no t h a v e o ne o f his
, , ,

g o in
g b y w h o

T he s a m
,

w i f e s p u ppi es a n d he a n s w er ed no e d a y o n e Ed

, , .
,

w a rd E ll i o t b ei ng a t M a r t i n s ho u s e h ea rd G eo r g e M a rti n r el a t e

w h er e t hi s K em
, ,

b a l h a d b een a nd w h a t he ha d s a id W h er eu p
I f I l iv e I ll g iv e hi m p u ppi es
, .

o n S u s a n na M a r ti n r epl i ed

W i t hi n a few d a y s a ft er thi s K em b a l co m
,

eno u g h .

i ng o u t o f ,

t h e w o o d s th er e a ro s e a l ittl e b l a ck c l o u d in t he no rth w es t a nd
K em m
m
edi a t ely fel t a fo r c eu po n himw h ich m a d e him
, ,

b al i no t ,
396 S O RCE RY A ND MAGI C .

a bl e t o a v oid ru nni ng u po n s t ti m p s o f tr e e s th a t w e r e b e f or eh im
a l b ei t he ha d a br o a d p l a i n c a r t w a y b efo r e him
,

; b u t tho u g h he
-

ha d his a xe a l s o o n his s ho u l d er to end a ng er hlmin h is f a ll s he

co u l d no t forb ea r g oi ng o u t o f his w a y to t u m b l e o v er th em
,

Wh en he c a m e b el o w t he m eeti ngho u s e th er e a pp ea r ed t o him

.

a l itt l e thi ng l ik e a p u p py o f a d a rki s h co l or a nd it s hot b a ck , ,

w a rd a nd for w a rd b et w een his l eg s H e ha d t h e co u r a g e t o u se .

a ll po s s ib l e end ea vo r s o f c u t t i ng i t w i t h his a x e b u t h e co u l d no t

hit it ; t he p u ppy g a v e a j u m p fr o mhim a nd w ent a s t o himit

,

em
, ,

se ed i nto t heg ro u nd G o i ng a l i t t l efu r t h er t her ea pp ea r ed o n

to hima b l a c k p u p py s o m
.
,

ew ha t bi g g er th a n t he r s t b u t a s b l a c k
It s m
, ,

a s a co a l . o t i o ns w er e q u i c k er t h a n t ho s e o f his a x e; it
fl ew a t his b elly a nd a w a y ; t h en a t his t hro a t ; s o o v er his
,

sho u l d e r o ne w a y a nd th en ov er his sho u l d er a n o t her w a y H is

h ea rt no w b ega n t o fa i l hima nd he th o u g ht t he d o g w o u l d h a ve
.
,

t o re his thro a t o u t ; b u t he r ecov er ed h nns cl f a n d c a ll ed u po n

G o d i n his di s t r es s a nd na m i ng t he na m
,

, e o f J es u s C hri s t i t va n ,

i s ho d a w a y a t o nc e A noth er w it nes s Joh n P r es s y d ec l a red
.
, ,

th a t b ei ng o n eev en i ng v ery u na cco u nt a b ly b ew i l d ered n ea r a el d

r a l ti m es a s o ne u nd er a n ench a n t m
,

o f M a rti n s a nd s ev e ent r e

t u r n i ng t o t he p l a c e he ha d l eft a t l engt h he s a w a m
, , ,

a rv ell o u s
,

l i g ht a b o u t t he b i gnes s o f a h a l f b u s h el nea r t w o ro d s o u t o f t he
,
-
,

w ay H e g a v e it nea r fo rty b l o w s a nd fel t it a p a l p a b l e s u b

B u t g o i n g fro mit his h eel s w er e s t r u ck u p a nd he w a s
.
,

s t a nc e .
, ,

l a id w i t h his b a c k o n t he g ro u nd s l i d i ng a s he tho u g ht i nto a , , ,

pit w h enc e he r ec ov er ed by t a ki ng h o l d o n t he b u s h a lt ho u g h
,

a ft e r w a rd he co u l d fi nd no s u c h pit in t he pl a c e I l a v i ng a ft er .

his r eco v ery g o ne fi veo r s ix rod s hes a w S u s a n n a M a r t i n s t a nd

, ,

i ng o n his l eft ha nd a s t h e l i g ht ha d do ne b efo r e ; b u t they

,

c ha ng ed no w o rd s w i t h o ne a not her T he next d a y it w a s u po n

i nqu i r y u nd er s t ood t ha t M a rt i n w a s in a m
.

i s er a b l e c o nditio n b y
p a i ns a nd h u r t s t ha t w er e u po n her "

Th es e t a les h a ve so m
.

-
ew ha t o f n o v el t y b u t oth er s w er e d eci
d edly a do pt ed fr o mt he w i t ch t r i a l s i n Eu rop e a nd th ey ev en
,

w ent s o fa r a s to m
,

a k e t he pr et end ed s u ff er er s w h e n u nd er t he ,

i nfl u enc e o f t he s pirit t a lk l a ng u a g es w hich th ey ha d nev er

,

l ea r ned s u c h a s L a t i n a n d G r eek a nd even H ebrew a l t ho u gh

it a p p ea r ed t h a t ev en S a t a n hi m
, , , ,

se l f w o u l d no t co nd es c end t o t a l k

t he b a r b a ro u s j a r g o n o f t he I ndi a ns It w a s t he sh a p es or .
,

D C t t n M t he g i es t h e f ll w i g h m
r o o a r v d e i p t i n f t he d i f
o o n lt y u or o u s sc r o o cu
mo nt ed b y
.

o f acq i i n
u r
g t h e I n d i n l n g ge a B eh ld new d i f
a u a lt i e t b e
: o cu s o su r u
ou r i nd ef t i g b l e El l t ! H e hi e a n t i e t t e h himt h i ex t i l g g e nd
a a io r s a v o ac s o c an u a a
mm w hi h ft mw d he p b
, ,
w it h lab o i
a a e nd
r ou s c k i ll ed ce it i t
r a sg r u s n o a ra ar, c a ar u
lished . Ther e is a let t er or t w o of o u r a lp a b h et w h ich t he I nd ia ns never ha d i n
 TH E L A NG UA G E O F TH E I NDI ANS . 397

s p ectr a l a pp ea r a nc es o f t hew it ches w ho tor m ent ed t hes u ff er er s

r for m ed a l l t h es em
,

a nd p e i s chi evou s pr a nk s a nd t hestr a n g ep er

v er s io n o f j u s tic e w hich a ll o w ed t he pr es u m
.
,

ed a ct s o f th es e
s p ectr es to b eco ns id er ed a s t hecri m es o f t hei ndi v id u a l s th ey r e
p
r es ent ed rend er ed t he o nly po s s ibl e d efenc e t he p l ea o f a lzb i
i na d m i ss ibl e T he s t a t em
, , ,

. en t r eg a rdi ng th es e s p ectr a l a pp ea r
a n o es w er e o ft e n a s bo l d a s t h ey w er e extr a ordi na r y a nd th ey
f o u nd c orrobor a ti v e w it nes s es to s u ppor t th em
,

It is w ell .

k no w n s a y s C o tto n M a th er in a s u b s eq u ent hi s to r y o f t he co l
, ,

on
y t h a t th e s e w ick e d S p ec t r es did proc e ed s o f a r a s to s t ea l
v er a l q u a ntiti es o f m y fro mdiv er s p eop l e p a rt o f w hich
,

se o ne

i n divi d u a l m o ney w a s d r o pp ed s o m eti m

,

es o u t o f t he a ir b efor e ,

s u f ci en t s p ect a tor s i nt o t he h a n d s o f t he a ffl ict ed w h il e t he

s p ectr es w er eu r g i n th em
, ,

t o s u b s crib e th eir cov en a nt w ith d ea t h

g .

M or eover poi s o ns to t he s t a n d er s b y w ho lly i nv i s ib ly w er e -

som eti m
, , ,

es fo r c ed u po n t he a fl l ic t ed ; w hich w h en th ey h a v e
w ith m
,

u c h r el u c t a n c y s w a ll o w ed t h ey ha v es w o l l e n pr es en t ly so
th a t t he co mm o n medi ci nes fo r poi s o ns h a v e b een fou nd nec es
, ,

s a r y to r el iev e t hem Y ea s o m eti m es t he s p ectr es in t he s tr u

.
,
g
g l e h a v e s o dropp e d t h e poi s o ns th a t t he s t a nd e r s b y h a v e -

sm ell ed t hem a n d v i ew ed t h em a n d b eh el d t he pi ll o w s o f t he
,

mi s er a bl e s t a i ned w ith them Y et mor e t he mi s er a bl e h a v e

, ,

co m
.
,

pl a i ned bi t t erly o f b u r ni ng r a g s r u n i nt o th eir fo r c ibl y d is

tend ed m o u th s ; a nd tho u g h n o b o d y co u l d s ee a ny s u c h c l ot hs
i nd eed a n y fi r es in t he c h a m
,

or b er s yet pr es ently t h e s c a l d s
w er e s een p l a i nly b y ev er y b od y o n t h e m o u th s o f t hec o m
, , ,

pl a i n er s
a nd no t o nly t he s m ell b u t t he s m
,

ok e o f t he b u r n i ng s ens ibly
ll ed t he c ha m b er s O nc e mo r e t he m i s er a b l e exc l a i m
, ,

ed ex
t r em
.
,

ely o f br a ndi ng iro ns h ea t i ng a t t he r e o n t he h ea r th to

-

ma rk t hem; no w th o u gh t he s ta nd ers b y co u ld s ee n o irons yet -

th ey co u l d s ee d isti nc t ly t he p r i nt o f th emin t he a s h es a nd
, ,

i
t h e r s ; b u t if t h eir a ph a b et b e l sho r t, I a m s u r e t he w o r d s co mp os d
e
of it a r e o ng l
h i
eno u g t o t r e t he p a t ienceo f in t he w o r ld ; t he a r e sr sq t u p cd n l za
a ny s ca u r y '

ve r b , o f w hi
ch t heir l n g o is co i m
p o sed o ne w o u ld t hin k t e ha d b een g r o w n g h y i
i
ev er s nce B a el u n t o t hed h -
mm
s io ns t o w c hi h
t he a r e no w ex t end ed y F o r in
m m mm
.

s t a nce , if y r e a d e r w l il
c o u nt ho w a n y 1+ t t e r s t e r e i n t hi s o n e w hor d N u a l

m mm m
.

r he k o d t a nt a o o n
g r n n o n / 1 3 h w e n h h h
e a s d n , f r his r ew a r d , I ] t ll hi
o e o 1 e
i t:

m
,

s ig n i fi e s no o r e i n E n Lsh t
g an h

o u r l u st u f a n d if w e r e t I
o t r a ns la t e n u r lo ve sf

it m h h
u st: b e no t ing s o r t er t ha n No o w o /n mm mm
o no nk t H "a sk m mm
Dr , t o g r e y

m
m mm
r

mm
.

re a d er a l o n g e h
r w o r d t a n e t er o f t es e K n ih h og k o d o nu t t c / t n ooe l i t c u o ng n u .

m
n u n no x s h, i s, i n E ng is , o u r q u es t io nl h I
b u t p r a y, s ir , co u nt t helet t er s No r d o w e
nd i n a ll t ln n l u ng u a u e, t h el. a s t a t li : i t y t o o r ( l t a t io n f r o
. m
, a ny lCu p ea n Bp t e mch m
h
t a t w e a r e a cq u a nt ed w it i
h H e t hen a d d s : 1 k o w no t w a t t ho u g t s it w ll
n h h i
m m m m
.

p r o d u cei n
y r e a d e r w en hl i u ir h i , t
h a t o nc e hu r li n g t a t t he d ae o ns I n a
.

h
m
.

W n d e r
t
o o d t h e La t n
i a n d G re e k a n d H eb r ew l an u a e
g g s,
m
n a n u s

mm
1 0 % 8 t BS
1 y o u g o

m m m
, , ,

y c u r io sit l e d e t o ak e t r al of t

i hi
s I nd i a n a ng u a g e l
. a nd t he o ns d ad se e
a s :f t he y id n o t u n d e r s t a n d i t . M a o a a u a , b o ok i n p 1 9 3 . .

34
393 S O R C ERY A ND M AGI C .

s mell th emt o o a s t hey w er e c a rri ed by t heu ns een fu r i es u nt o t he

p o or cr ea t u r es fo r w ho mth ey w er e i nt end ed a nd tho s e poo r c rea
,

t u r es w er e th er eu po n s o st i g m a ti z ed w ith th emtha t th ey w i ll b ea r
t he m a rk s o f th em
,

t o th eir d y i n g d a y No r a r e th es e t he t enth
ou t a m
.

a rt o f t he prodi g i e s th a t fe ll o ng t he i n h a bit a nt s o f New

p
E n g l a nd Fl a s h y p eopl e m a
y b u rl es q u e th es e thi n g s b u t w h e n
h u ndr ed s o f t he m
.
,

o st s ob er p eop l e in a co u ntry w h ere th ey h a ve

as m u ch m other w it c er t a i nly a s t he r es t o f m m
,

-
a n ki nd k n o w th e ,

t o b e tr u e n othi ng b u t t he a b s u rd a nd fro w a rd s pirit o f S a dd u

c is mca n q u es tio n th em I h a v e n o t yet m ent io ned so m
,

. u ch a s

o n e t hi n
g th a t w i ll n o t b ej u s ti ed if it b e r e q u ir e d b y t h e o a t hs

of m
, ,

or e co ns id er a t e p ers o ns t ha n a ny th a t ca n ridic u l e th es eo dd
ph en o m ena

T he m om ent t he ex ec u t io ns co m menc ed t he evi l i ns tea d o f

.

m
, ,

s t op pi n g s r ea d w id er a n d w id e r T h e a cc u s e d w er e u l tip l i e d
p
i n pr po r t i o n to t he a cc u s er s a nd n o o n e w a s fo r o ne m om
.
,

o en
s u r e t h a t t he next m om en t he m
,

d er ed fo r tri a l w hich w a s a l m
F or s o fu lly co n vi nc ed w er e m
,
i g h t no t b e d eno u nc ed a nd o r
o s t eq u iv a l ent to b ei ng co n vict ed
a i s t r a t es a nd m
.

g i ni s t er s th a t S a t a n

w a s in t he m id s t o f t h em u s i ng h u m a n i ns t r u m ents to eff ect his

p u rpo s es th a t t he sl i g h t est ev id enc e w a s r ec ei v ed w ith t heu t m
,

o st
The co u rt m
,

ea g er nes s et a g a i n o n t he 30t h o f J u n e a nd ve
mo r e w er e co nd emned w ho w er ea ll ex ec u ted o n t he 1 9 t h o f J u ly
.
,
'

Am
.
,

o n g t hes e w er e S a r a h G o o d a nd R eb ecc a Nu r s e t he t w o
m
,

oo d w iv e bov e e n ti o n ed O t h e tri a l o f S a r a h G ood
g s a n
d fell in a t a nd a ft er co m
.
,

o ne o f t he a f ict e ,
i ng o u t o f it she ,

cri ed o u t o f t he pri s o n er fo r s t a bbi ng her in t he h a nd w ith a

k n i fe a nd th a t she ha d brok en t he k n i fe i n s ta bbi ng o f her ; a c
,

c o r d in l a pi e c e o f t he b l a d e o f a k n i fe w a s fo u nd a bo u t he r
g y
Im medi a t el y i nfor ma tio n b ei ng g i v en to t he cou rt a y ou ng ma n
.

w a s c a ll ed w ho pro d u c ed a h a ft a nd p a rt o f t he bl a d e w hich t he
co u rt h a vi ng vi ew ed a nd co m p a r ed s a w it to b e t he s a m
, ,

e A nd
t he y o u ng m a n a f r m
.
,

u p o n i nq u iry ,
ed th a t yes t erd a y he ha p
p en ed to b r ea k t h a t k ni fe a nd th a t b e c a s t a w a y t he u pp er p a r t
T he yo u ng m
, ,

t hi s a fll ic t ed p ers o n b ei ng th en pr es ent a n w as

di s m
.

i s s ed a nd s he w a s bidd en by t he co u rt no t t o t ell l i es ; a nd
w a s im
,

prov ed a ft er (a s she ha d b een b efor e) to g iv e ev id en ce

s to G o o d w i fe Nu r s e t he j u ry a t r st

a a i ns t t he pri s o n e r A
g .
,

bro u g ht her i n n o t g u i l ty ; o n w hich t he a cc u s er s a nd t hea f icted

s u dd enly r a i s ed a hid e o u s o u t c ry pr et endi n g th a t s he w a s t o r
men t ing t h ema g a i n a n d it b ei ng r epres en ted to t he j u ry tha t
,

t h ey h a d n o t i v en d e c o n s id e r a tio n to o ne e xp re s s io n o f h e r s
g u ,

th ey r etu r ned to r eco nsid er th eir v erdict a nd s ent her t o t hega l ,

 EX EC UTI O N O F G EO RG E B URR O UG H S . 399

lo w s . Lik e her co m p a nio ns in su ff eri ng she p er s i s t ed in d ecl a

,

r in g her i n noc en c e

A t a noth er co u r t o n t he 5 t h o f A u g u s t s ix w er e co nd em
.

, ,
ne d ,

w ho w er e a ll ex ec u t ed o n t he 1 9 t h exc ept P roct er s w i fe w ho

p lea d ed pr eg na nc y A m
, ,

o ng th es e w a s M r G eor g e B u rro u gh s
a m
. .
,

i n i ster o f t he g o sp el w ho provok ed his j u d g e b y r es ti ng his

d efenc e o n t he bol d a r g u m
,

ent
t h a t th er e n eith er a r e n o r ev er
w er e w i t ch es th a t h a vi n g m a d e a co m
, ,

p a ct w i t h t he d ev i l c a n
nd a d evi l to tor m
, , ,

se ent oth er p eop l e a t a di s t a n c e

Wh en
bro u g ht to t he p l a c e o f ex ec u t io n he a d dr es s ed t he m
.

u l tit u d e a s

mb l ed a rou n d himw i t h s o mu ch feel i ng th a t ma ny o f t he s p ec

,

se

t a t o r s w er e i n t ea r s a n d a ll s eem
,

ed to r el en t T he a c c u s er s
c ri ed o u t u po n h i m a nd s a id t he b l a c k m a n w a s s t a ndi n g b y h i m
, .

an d d ict a ti ng his d i s co u r s e : a nd Dr C o t to n M a th er w ho w a s
pres ent o n ho r s eb a ck c a m
.
,

e fo r w a r d t o a d d r ess t he cro w d a s su
ri ng th emth a t he w a s no t a m i ni s t er r eg u l a rly ord a i n ed i nt i ma
, ,

t i n g th a t his pi ety w a s a l l d ec epti o n a n d t ell i ng th emth a t

,

t he

d ev r l ha s o ft en b een t r a ns fo r m
,

ed i nt o a n a n g el o f l i g ht Th u s
w a s t he r i s i ng s y m
.

p a t hy o f t he p eepl e ch eck ed a n d t he ex ec u ,

t io n er s u ff er ed to g o thro u g h w i t h his d u ti es
So m e p er s o ns b eg a n no w to feel a l a r m ed a t t he m
.

a nne r in
w hich th es e p r o c eed i ng s m u l tipl i e d o r w er e di s g u st ed a t t he in
or som m
,

u s t ic e w hi c h th ey ex l n b it ed t ho u ti it a s da n
j h f e e
ig er o u s to ex pres s s u ch s enti ment s O ne Joh n W i ll a rd w ho ha d
, g w

b een em p l o y ed t o a r r es t t ho s e a cc u s ed r efu s ed to p er fo r mt he
.
,

o f c e a ny l o n g er a nd he w a s i m medi a tely cri ed o u t u po n by t he

,

a cc u s e r s H e s o u ght s a fet y i n i gh t b u t he w a s p u r s u ed a nd
.
,

o v ert a k en a n d he w a s o ne o f tho s e ex ec u t ed w ith B u r r o u gh s

G i l es C o ry w a s b r o u ght u p fo r tri a l o n t he l 6t h o f S eptem
.
,

b er ,

b u t i ndi g na nt a t t he i nj u s tic e w h ich w a s s ho w n t o oth er s he r e ,

fu s ed t o p l ea d a nd he w a s pr es s ed t o d ea th I n t he in fl ictio n
o f thi s p u ni s h m ent his to ng u e w a s forc ed o u t o f his m
.
,

o u th a nd ,

t h e u n feel i ng s h eri ff fo r c ed it in a g a in w i t h his c a n e a s t he v i c

t i ml a y in t he a g o ni es o f d ea t h O n t he 2 2 d o f S ept em b er ei g ht
mor e w er e ex ec u ted ; o n th ei r w a y to t he pl a c e o f ex ecu t io n t he
.
,

c a rt w hich co n v e y ed t h emw a s u p s et a nd t h e a f ict ed d ec l a r ed

t h a t t he d evi l a cco m
,

p a ni ed t he c a r t a nd th a t he ov er t hr ew it in
o rd er t o r et a rd th eir p u n i s h m
,

en t .

Ni n et een i ndivid u a l s ha d no w b een ha n g ed in a d ditio n t o t he

ma n w ho w a s p r es ed t o d ea t h a n d t he ma g i s t r a t es th ems el v es
,

s eem t o h a v e b een a nxi o u s t o find s o m

,

e j u s ti c a tio n fo r t h eir co n
d u ct T her eu po n Cotto n M a t h er a t t he expr es s d es ir e o f t he
.

g o v e r n or,
pr ep a re d fo r t he pr e ss r e p or t s o f se v en o f t he tri a l s ,
4 00 S O R CE RY A ND M A GI C .

a nd j u s ti ed th emb y ex a m p l es t a k en fro mt he s i m i l a r tr i a l s in
E n g la nd a nd by t he d octri n es o f t he En gl i s h w rit er s i n fa vor of
t h e pro s ec u ti o n s fo r thi s cri m
,

e H is book ent itl ed M or eW o n

d ers o f t he I n v i s i b l e W orl d w a s p u b l i s h ed in t he m
.
, ,

o nt h o f O u
tob er T he p er s ec u t io n r ec eiv ed a ch ec k a t thi s ti m e fr o ma n
,

o t h er ci r c u m M r H a le m
.

s t a nc e i ni s t er o f B ev er l ey ha d been
o ne o f t h e w a r m es t pro m
. .
, ,

oter s o f th es e pro s ec u tio ns ; b u t i n t he

mo nth o f O cto b er t he a cc u s ers w ho w ere no w a i mi ng a t more
r es p ecta bl e p eop l e t h a n a t rs t c r i ed o u t u po n thi s m
, ,

,
i n i s ter s

w i fe . A s he a nd h is fr i end s w er e f u lly co n vi nc ed o f h er pu ri t y
a nd i n noc enc e thi s ch a r g e w a s t r ea t ed a s a b s u r d b u t it co n
, ,

v in c ed M r H a l e a nd o t hers o f t hei nj u s tic eo f t hew ho l e proc eed

.

i n gs . S t i ll t he l ea d er s o f t he p er s ec u tio n per s i s t ed in t heir

co u r s e a nd to g et ov er thi s s erio u s di f c u lty th ey r a i s ed t he
q u es tio n w h eth er t he d evi l co u l d a s s u m
, ,

e t he s h a p e o r s p ect r e
of a ood p e r s o n t o a fil ic t h i s v icti m s I n cr ea s e M a th er t he
g .
,

pri nc ip a l o f H a r v a r d co ll eg e w a s r eq u es t ed t o tr ea t thi s q u es t io n
, ,

w hi ch he did v ery l ea r n ed ly i n a book enti t l ed ,

C a s es o f C o n ,

s c i enc e co nc er n i n g W i t chcr a ft a nd Evi l Spirits p er s o n a ti ng

M en r es o lvi n g it in t he a f r m
,

,
a tiv e P eopl es fa i t h ho w ev er
.

, ,

w a s s o fa r s h a k en b y t hes e l a t t er occ u rr enc es t h a t tho u g h t he

d a nd n ew a rr es ts w er e m
,

a cc u s a t io n s co nti n u e a d e d a i ly th e re
w er e no m
, ,

or e ex ecu tio ns T he p ers ec u tor s di s a ppoi nt ed in

.
,

th eir t hir s t a fter t he b l o o d o f th eir o w n s p eci es no w v ented th eir

r a g e u po n i n fer i o r a ni m
,

a ls A d o g w a s s tr a n g ely a f ict ed a t
S a l em u po n w hich t h o s e w ho ha d t he s p ec tr a l s i g h t d ec l a r ed
.

th a t a broth er o f o n e o f t he j u s tic es a ffl ic t ed t he poo r a n i ma l by

,

ridi ng u po n it i nv i ibly T he m an m
,

s . a d e his e s c a p e b u t t h ed o g ,

w a s v er y u nj u s t ly h a n g ed A no t h er d o g w a s a cc u s ed o f a f ict
ing o t h er s w ho fell i nto t s t he m om ent it l ook ed u po n t h ema nd
.

, ,

it a l s o w a s k i ll ed
T he i n fectio n w a s no w co m m d f ro mS a l emt o oth er
.

u nic a t e

p l a c es .

A bo u t thi s ti m
e s a y s o ne o f t he w ri t er s o f th es e
,

ev ents a n ew s c en e b e a n
g O n e Jo seph B a ll a r d o f A n dov e r
w h o s ew i fe w a s ill s en t to S a l emfo r s o m
, .
, ,

eo f th o s ea cc u s er s to tell
himw ho a ffl ic t ed his w i fe; ot her s did t he l ik e H or s e a n d m
, ,

an

w er e s ent fro ms ev er a l pl a c es t o fet ch t ho s e a cc u s er s w ho ha d

.

t he s p ectr a l s i g h t th a t th ey m
, i g ht t her eby t ell w ho a l ic t ed tho s e
th a t w er e a ny w a y i ll Wh en t h es ec a m
. e i n t o a n y p l a c e w h er e
s u ch w er e u s u a lly t he y fell i nt o a t ; a ft er w hic h b ei ng a s k ed
w ho w a s it th a t a t ll ic t ed t he p er s o n t hey w o u l d fo r t hem
, ,

o s t p a rt

na m
,

e o ne w ho th ey s a id s a t o n t he h ea d a nd a no t h er t h a t sa t o n
t he l o w er p a r t o f t he a f ict ed M ore th a n fty p eop l e o f A ndo
.
 RE L E AS E O F WIT C H E S . 401

ver w er ethu s co m pl a i ned o f fo r a f icti n g t heir n ei ghb or s H er e

it w a s tha t m a ny a cc u s ed t hem
.

s el v e s o f ri d i n po n po l es thro u g h
g u

t he a ir ma ny p a r ents bel i ev ed their ch i l dren to b e w itch es a nd

ma ny h u sb a nd s their w iv es
,

A t A ndov er t he a cc u s a t i on s m
.

u l tip l i ed s o r a pid l y th a t a j u s tic e

o f t he p ea c e o f t ha t p l a c e n a m ed D u d l ey B r a d s treet a fter c o m
,

mitti n g thirty o r fo r t y b ec a me a l a r med a nd refu s ed t o gr a nt a ny

, ,

more w a rra nts T he a f ct ed no w cri ed u pon t hej u s tic e a nd his

, ,

.
,I

"
w i fe th ey s a id th a t he ha d ki ll ed n i ne p er s o ns b y w itchcr a ft
y s a w t he gho s ts o f t he m
,

a nd th ey d ec l a r ed th a t t h e u rd er e d p eo
l e hov e ri n a bo u t hi m J s tic e B r a d s t r ee t s a w ho w t h i n gs
p g u

w er e g oi ng a nd j u d g ed i t a dvi s a b l e to m
.

a k e h is es c a p e S o on
m a n o f B o s t o n w ho i m
.
,

a ft er t hi s th ey c r i ed o u t a a i ns t a en t l e
g g
medi a tely obt a i ned a w rit o f a rr est a g a i nst his a cc u s ers o n a
, ,

ch a r g eo f d efa m a tio n a n d l a id h is d a m a es a t a t ho u s a n d po u nd s
g
Thi s b o l d p r oc eedi ng d id m
.
,

or e th a n a ny thi ng el s e to s t O p t he a c
c u s a t io n s w hich fro m
,
th a t ti m e b eg a n t o fa ll i nto di s cr edit So m e . .

o f tho s e w ho h a d co nfe s s ed r et r a ct ed th eir co nfes s io ns O n t he

3d o f J a n u a ry 1 69 3 in t he su p erior c o u rt o f S a l em o f ft y s ix
.
,
-

bi ll s o f i ndic t m
, , ,

ent co nt a i ni ng ch a r g es o f t hi s ki nd thirty w er e ,

i g nor ed a nd o f t he oth er s ix a nd t w ent y w h en th ey w er e pu t o n

,
- -
,

t heir tri a l t hr ee o nly w er e fo u nd g u i l t y A t t h e en d o f J a nu a ry

r co nd emna t io n w er e r ep r i ev ed
, .
,

sev en w ho l a y u nd e

A bo u t t he m
.

o nth o f A p r i l G ov er nor P hipp s w a s r ec a ll ed a n d

, ,

h e s ig na l i z ed his d epa rtu r e b y s et ti ng a t l ib erty a ll t he pri s o n er s

ch a r g ed w ith w itchcr a ft Th ey a m o u nt ed a t t his ti m e to a bo u t a
h u ndr ed a nd ft y o f w ho m fty ha d co nfes s ed t h emsel v es w itch
.

A bo u t t w o hu nd r ed m
,

es or e ha d b een a cc u s ed w ho w er e no t
o f S a l eme
.
,

et l c ed d e r rr e t T h e p e op l e xp ec t ed t he
y p a u n a s

w or s e co n s eq u enc es f ro mthi s a s th ey co ns id er ed it m
.

i s t a k en
l enienc y a n d t hey w er e a sto n i sh ed to n d t h a t t he m om
,

ent t he
r e w er e n o m
,

a cc u s a t io ns w er e di s co u nt en a n c ed the or e a f icted
,
t he w itchcr a ft c ea s ed P eopl e in g ener a l n o w b eg a n to r e
ec t w er e co nvi n c ed o f th ei r error a nd l a m
.

ent ed i t S ei z ed
w ith r em or s e th ei r r es ent m
.
, ,

ent fell r s t a n d p ri n cip a lly o n M

P a ri s t he m i n i s t er o f S a l emv i ll a g e w ith w h o mt he a c c u s a t io
,

co m menc ed ; ma ny o f his c o n greg a tio n w ithd r ew fro mh is co :

, ,

mu nio n a nd th ey d r ew u p a r tic l es a ga i n st him T he d is pt t t

b et w een t he m
.
,

i ni st er a nd his p eop l e l a s t ed t w o o r th r ee yea r

a n d a l tho u h he a ck no w l e d e d h is m i st a ke s a n d pro fes s ed t h a t
g g
h e sho u l d b e fa r fro ma cti ng a g a i n u p o n t he s a m
,

epri ncip l es th ey
w er e n o t s a ti s fied ti ll he l eft th em I n a s t r o ng r et no ns t r a nc e
,

a a i ns t hi m t he v enu m
.

e r at e d t h e se tti ng a o a t o f th e se a cc u sa

g ,
"
34
4 02 SO RCE RY AND M A GIC .

tio ns a s his pri ncip a l cri m e a n d d ec l a r ed th eir opi ni o n tha t

, by ,

th es e pr a c tic es a nd pri nc ip l es he ha d b een t he b eg i nner a nd pr e ,

c u r s or o f t he s or es t a f ictio n s no t to thi s v i ll a g e o n ly b t i t to thi s

w ho l e co u ntry th a t ev er did b ef a ll th em
, ,

So m
.
,

e p er s o ns p er s i s t ed i n b el i ev i ng in t he w itchcr a f t a nd in ,

S a t a n s a cti v e a g enc y in t hi s a ff a ir t ho u gh th ey a ck n o w l edged

th a t t he a cc u s a tio ns ha d b een c a r r i ed too fa r ; a nd a m

,

o ng these
w er e t he t w o M a th er s B efo r e t he co nc l u s io n o f t he y ea r a n
.

O pport u nity occ u rr ed fo r r evivi n g t he s u bj ect O n t he l ot h of

S ept em b er 1 693 a g irl a t B o s to n n a m
.

, ,
ed M a r g a r et R u l e w a s
, ,

s ei z e d w ith co nv u l s io ns a nd s t a t ed th a t she w a s vi s i t ed b y ei ght

c t r es s o m
,

spe eo f w hich s he r eco g n i s ed a s b ei ng tho s eo f p er so ns

Co t to n M a th er vi s it ed h er pro fessed hi ms el f co n
,

s he k new

v inc ed o f t he tr u th o f her s t a t em
.
,

ent a n d w o u l d s oo n h a v e r a i s ed
a n ew a m
,

e B u t t h er e w a s a n i n fl u enti a l a nd i n t ell i g e n t
u
p
merch a nt o f B o s to n na med R ob ert C a l ef w ho a l s o v i s ited M a r
.

u l e a nd w ho for m
, ,

g a re t R , e d a tot a lly di ff er e n t opi nio n to th a t e x

pr es s ed by Cotto n M a th er w ho s e doctri ne o f w itchcr a ft b e co n
t r o ver t ed a nd he g a i ned t he b etter i n t he a r gu m F ro ma
,

,
ent .

b ook p u b l i s h ed by C a l ef a t B o s to n u nd er t he titl e o f
M ore
W o nd er s o f t he I n vi s i b l e Worl d w e obta i n t he b es t a n d m
, ,

o st
i nt ell i g ib l e a cco u nt o f t he extra ordi na ry proc eedi n g s a t S a l em
,

a nd A ndov er

F ro mthi s ti m e w e h ea r no m
.

or e o f w itch es in New Eng l a nd

A sh a m ed o f th eir w ea k nes s t h e p eop l e o f S a l ems eemto h a v e
.

b rood ed ov er t h eir p a s t fo lly fo r s ev er a l y ea rs O n t he 1 7th o f

D ec em b er 1 696 a fa s t w a s proc l a i m
.

, ,
ed o ne o f t he r ea s o n s fo r ,

w hi c h w a s T ha t G o d w o u l d s ho w u s w h a t w e k new no t a nd
hel p u s w h er ei n w e h a v e do ne a m i s s to d o s o no m
, ,

or e a nd es
p e c i a ll
y th a t w h a t ev er m i st a k e s o n eith er h a nd ha d b een fa ll e n
i nto eith er by t he bo dy o f thi s p eop l e o r a ny o rd ers o f men r e
f erri ng to t he l a t e t a g edy r a i s ed a m
, , ,

o ng u s by S a t a n a n d hi s in
r
st r u m ent s t hro u g h t he a w fu l j u d g m ent o f G od he w o u l d h u m b le ,

u s th er efor e a nd p a rdo n a l l t he err o r s o f his s erv a nt s A t thi s
f a s t o ne o f t he j u d g es s t ood u p to d ec l a r e p u b lic ly his r em
.
,

or se
fo r t he p a rt he ha d t a k en in th es e l a m ent ed tra ns a ctio n s T he
j u r o r s s i g ned a p a p er a l s o p r oc l a i m
.

i ng th eir r ep ent a nc e a nd ,

en di n g W i t h t he d ec l a r a tio n Th a t w e j u stly fea r th a t w e w ere

d a nd m i st a k en f o r w hich w e a r e m
,

s a d ly d el u d e u ch di s q u i et ed

a nd di s t r es s ed i n o u r m i nd s a nd d o th er efo r e h u m
,

bly b eg fo r
i v en ess r s t o f G o d fo r Chri s t s s a k e fo r t hi s o u r error ; a n d

g
pr a y t h a t G od w o u l d no t i m
, , ,

p u t e t he g u i l t o f it to o u r s el v es o r
o th er s ; a nd w e a l s o pr a y th a t w e m b e c o ns id er ed c a nd id ly
a
y ,
 T HE D E L USI O N E X PO S E D . 4 03

a nd a ri ght b y t he l i v i ng su ff er er s a s b ei ng th en u nd er t h e po w er
, ,

o f a s tro n a nd en e r a l de l s io n u tt e r ly n cq a i nte d w ith n d

g g u u a u a

no t exp eri en c ed i n m
, ,

a tt e
,
r s o f th a t n a t u r e T he d el u s io n w a s
.

fu rth er exp o s ed b y vo lu n t a r y co nfes s io ns o f tho s e w ho ha d pr e

v io u s l co n fe s s ed th em e l v e s w it c h e w hich th ey d e c l a re d th e y
y s s ,

ha d do n e o nly to s a v e t h eir l i v es T h e fo ll o w i ng d ec l a r a tio n

a l o f t he w o m
.
,

s i ne d b y s ev e r en w ho h a d a ct ed a s a cc u s er s no
g
d ou bt a cq u a i nt s u s w ith t he s ec r et o f m
,

a ny o f t he w itch d el u s io n s -

i n Eng l a nd
Jo s eph B all a r d o f A ndov er s w i f e b ei ng s ick

m m
.
,

sa
y t h e y h e e ith e r f ro hi se l f o r t he a dvic e o f o t h e r s f etch ed

t w o o f t he p er s o ns c a ll ed t he a f i ct ed p ers o n s fro m S a l emv i l

, , ,

l a g e to A nd ov er w hi c h w a s t h e c a u s e o f th a t dr ea d fu l c a l a m
,
it y
w h ich b efell u s a t A n dov er W e w er e b l i nd fo ld ed a nd o u r h a nd s
.
,

w er e l a id o n t he a ffl icted p er s o ns th ey b ei ng i n th eir t s a nd

fa ll i ng i nto th es e t s a t o u r co m
, ,

i n g i nto t heir pr es enc e a n d th en

th ey s a id th a t w e w er e g u i l ty o f a f icti ng th emw h er eu po n w e
,

w er e a l l s ei z ed a s pri s o n er s b y a w a r r a n t fro mt hej u s tic e o f t he

,

p ea c e a nd forth w ith c a rri ed t o S a l em; a nd by r ea s o n o f th a t

,

s u dd e n s u rp r i s a l w e k n o w i n g o u r s elv es a l t o g eth er i nnoc ent o f

tha t cri m e w e w er e a ll exc eedi ngly a s toni sh ed a nd a m
,

, a ze d a nd, ,

c o ns t e r na t ed a nd a ff ri ght ed o u t o f o u r r ea s o n ; a nd o u r d ea rest
'

re l a tio ns s eeing u s in th a t d r ea d fu l co n d itio n a nd k no w i ng o u r ,

g r e a t d a n er th e
g y,
o u t o f t en d er l ov e a n d pity p e r su a d e d u s t
, o

con fes s w h a t w e d id co nfes s ; a nd ind eed th a t co nfess io n w a s

no o t h er th a n w h a t w a s s u g g es t ed t o u s b y s o m e g entl em
, ,

en th ey ,

t ell i ng u s th a t w e w er e w i t ch es a n d th ey k n ew it a n d w e k new
it a n d th ey k n ew th a t w e k new it w hich m
, ,

,
a d e u s t h in k t h a t w e
,

w er e s o a nd o u r u nd er s t a ndi ng a n d o u r r ea s o n a nd ou r fa c u l ti es
b ei ng a l m
, , , ,

o s t g o n e w e w er e n o t c a p a b l e o f j u d g i ng o f o u r co n
d itio n a s a l s o t he h a rd m
,

ea s u r es th ey u s ed w it h u s r en d er ed u s
i nc a pa b l e o f m a ki n
g an
y d e f en c e b u t w e s a id a n thi n
y g a nd ev

er yt hin g they d es ir ed a nd m
,

,
o s t o f w h a t w e s a id w a s i n fa ct , ,

b u t a co ns en t i ng to w h a t th ey s a id .
4 04 SO RC ERY A ND M AGIC .

C H A P T ER X XX I I .

C O N C LU S I O N .

THE r i v e o f S a t a n s doi n gs in New Engl a n d m

na r a t

a
y b e
l o ok ed U po n a s a n a ppro pri a t e co n c l u s ion t o a n h is t o ri c a l s k etc h
o f t he p r o s ec u t io ns fo r w itc hcr a ft W e s ee h er e c o mbi ned in
.

o ne short a c t t he s u dd en forc e ex er ci s ed b y t he s u p ers titio n ov e r

t h e po p u l a r m i nd t he di s a st ers to w hi ch it l ed a nd t h e na l tri
u m
, ,

ph o f g ood s ens e a n d ho nes t feel i ng s in di sp ell i ng t he i llu

s io n I t w a s th a t g ood s ens e w h ich w a s n o w ov erco m i ng po p
u l a r i g n o r a nc e i n m
.

o st o f t he co u nt r i es o f Eu rop e .

I n F r a nc e w h er e in t he ea rl i er p eriod t he p ers ec u t io n of
w itch es w a s m o s t i nt ens e t he s a m e circ u m
,

,
s t a nc es h a d n o t e x
i s t ed t o k eep it u p a s in Engl a nd a nd S co t l a n d W i t h t heex c ep.

tio n o f s ev era l c a s es o f pr et end ed po s s es s io n i ntri g ues o f t he ,

c a t hol ic pri es t hoo d w ho th u s pr a cti s ed o n t he cr ed u l i t y o f t he

p o p u l a c e w hich occ u rr ed a t thi s ti m
,

, e w e b ea r l it t l e o f w itch
,

c r a ft ii i F r a nc e d u ri n g t he l a tt e r h a l f o f t he s ev ent eenth c ent u r y

T he b el i ef s ti ll exi s t ed a m
.

on t h e p e a s a nt r y w ho w h en b l ig hts
g , ,

a nd di s ea s es fe ll u po n th eir p r od u c e o r s to c k u n exp ect ed ly w ere ,

too a pt to a s crib e it t o s u ch a g enc y b u t t h ey w er e d is co u nt e

ty I n 1 6 72 a g r ea t nu m
,

h a n c ed by t he b ett er c l a s s es o f s oci e

b er o f s h ep herd s w er e a rr es t ed in Nor m
.
,

a nd y o n a ch a r e o f
g
w itc hc r a ft a nd pro s ec u t ed b efor e t he p a r l i a m
,

ent o f R ou en ; b u t
a s i n for m
,

w h en t he ki n w e d o f it h e a t o n c e p u t a s t ep to t he
g ,

roc e s b y a n ord e r f co ci l dir e cti t h e pri o n e r t b e et

p s o u n n
g s s o s

Thi s proc eedi ng o n t he p a rt o f t he ki ng ha d t he i m

,

a t l i b er t y

medi a t e efl ec t d ef a zr e t a ir e le d emon ! Y et a s i mi l a r a cc u s a tion

' '

w a s bro u g ht a a i ns t t he s h eph erd s o f B ri e in 1 6 9 1

g
S ti ll t he b el i ef ex is ted in s u f ci ent forc e to a d m
.

it o f it s b ei ng
u se d a s a n i nst r u m ent fo r i nd u l g i n g p er so na l a ni m o si t y a n d th a t
b et w een a m i ni ster o f t he cro w n a n d o ne o f t he m
,

o s t di s ti n

g u is hed a nd c el e br a t ed o f t he m ar e cha l s o f L o u i s X I V Th er e
l i v ed a t P a ri s fo u r m en w ho p r o fes s ed to b e m
.

a i c i a ns a n d re
g p ,

t end ed t o b e a b l e t o r a i s e t hed ev i l a t w i ll th ey to l d p eop l es fo r

t u nes h el p ed t h emto r ecov er thi ng s s to l en o r l o s t a nd s o ld

,

po w d er s a n d u n g u ents Th eir n a m
,

es w er e La vo is i n La v ig o u
r eu x a nd his bro t h er t he l a t t er a pri es t a nd a noth er pri es t n a m
.
,

ed
Les a ge I n t he y ea r 1 680 thes e m
, , ,

. en w er e a rr es t ed a n d a s t he
, ,
 T H E M A REC H A L D E L UX E MB O URG . 4 05

c ri m es in w hich t hey a nd m a ny oth e r s w er e i n v ol v ed ha d u s u a l

l y b een pu n i s h ed b y b u r n i ng a trib u na l w a s a ppoi nt ed to s it a t
t he a r s en a l u nd er t he titl e o f a cha m
,

b r e a r d en t e A l tho u g h f ew
r es w er e ev entu a ll y l it b y t he j u d g m
, .

en t s o f thi s co u r t a g r ea t
nu m b er o f p er s o ns w er e m o r e o r l es s co m pro m i s ed a nd m
,

a ny o f

th emb el o ng i ng to t he h ighest c l a s s es o f s oci ety A m o ng th em

,

w er e t w o n i ec es o f C a rdi na l M a z a ri n ; t he co u nt es s o f Soi ss o ns
w ho w a s cit ed b efor e thi s t rib u na l w a s s o fa r i m
,

p l ic a t ed tha t , ,

s he w a s ob l i g ed to l ea v e P a ri s a n d r et ir e to B r u s s el s M o st o f
th es e p er s o na g es w er e prob a b ly l ed to co ns u l t t he co nj u r er s m
.

or e
b y c u rio s i t y th a n fro ma ny o t h er m otiv e a nd t he w ho l e m a t ter

w as m
,

a d e a s u bj e ct o f ri d ic u l e a nd r a i ll ery i n t he fa shio na bl e
w or l d Wh en t he d u ch es s o f B o u i ll o n w ho w a s o ne o f t h e l a
d i es i m p l ic a t ed in thi s a ffa ir w a s ex a m i ned b efo r e t he cil a mb r e
.
,

a R e n i e w ho w a s no t r em
,

a r d en t e o n e o f t he j u d e L a rk a b l e
, g s
y , ,

fo r b ea u t y o r po l i t en es s a sk ed her i f she ha d s een t h ed evi l a nd

Y es I s eehi mno w
, ,

w h a t he w a s l ik e; s he r ep l i ed ,he i s f o r t ,

la i d a t f o r t vi la in a nd a pp ea r s in t he di s g u i s e o f a co n s ei ll er
,

d t at

It pp ea r s th a t t he ma r ch a l d e Lu x em
a bou r g ha d em pl oy ed
Les a g e to d r a w his horo s cop e a nd t h u s t he n a m e o f thi s g r ea t
ma n w a s i nt r od u c ed i nto t he proc es s L ou voi s w a s a t th a t ti me
,

pri m em i ni s t er o f F r a n c e a n d h a v i ng s o m
.

-
e c a u s e o f ho s ti l it y
a a i n s t t he m m m
,

a r ch a l he d e t er i n ed to a k e t hi s a n O pportu n it y
g
fo r i nd u l g i n g his a ni m o s ity a n d t he m a r c ha l d e L u x em
,

bo u r g
It a pp ea rs th a t o ne o f t he m
,

w a s thro w n i nto t he B a s ti l e a r

ch a l s a g ent s n a m ed B o n a rd ha d l o st s om
.

ep a p er s o f co n s eq u en c e

b el o n g i ng to h is em
,

pl oy er a nd tha t u na bl et o di s cov er a ny tr a c es
o f th emh e h a d co ns u l t ed t he pri e m
, ,

s t L es a e w ho i n s tr u ct e d h i
g
ho w he w a s to v i s it t he ch u rch es r ecit e p sa l m s a nd m
, ,

a k e co n

B o na rd did a ll thi s b u t s ti ll h e w a s a s fa r fro mr eco v

, ,

f es s io n s
Th en Les a g e to l d himth a t a g irl
.
,

eri n g his p a p er s a s ev er
na m ed D u pi n k new s o m ethi ng a bo u t th ema nd u nd er his di r c e
.

tio ns B o na rd p er fo r m ed a co nj u r a tio n t o forc e her to bri ng t h em

,

b a ck b u t w i t ho u t eff ect U po n thi s it a p pea r s th a t B o na rd ha d

ob t a i ned t he m
.
,

a r cha l s s i g na t u r e to a p a p e r w hich tu rned o u t t o

b e a co m p a ct w ith S a t a n a nd w hich w a s prod u c ed a t t he tri a l

It w o u l d s eemth a t t he m rned in s o m
.
,

a r ch a l ha d b ee n co n c e e in
t ri g u e w ith t h e g ir l D u pi n L es a g e d epo s ed th a t t he m a r ch a l

ha d a ddr es s ed hi m l f t o hi ma nd thro u gh himto t he d ev i l t o

.

se

eff ect t he d ea th o f th is g irl w ho p erh a p s ha d b een m

, ,

u rd e r ed for
men w er e bro u ght for w a rd w ho confes sed themselv es t he a ssa s
, ,

s i ns a nd w ho d e
,
c l a r ed tha t b y o rd er of t he m , a r cha l d eLu x e m
406 S O RCE RY A ND M A GIC.

b ou r g t hey ha d cu t her in pi ec es a nd thro w n t he fr a g m ent s i nto

T he m
,

t he r iv er a r ch a l w a s c o n fr o nt e d w ith L es a g e a nd w ith
s t a n d co nj u r er na m ed Da v a u x w i t h w ho mhe w a s
. ,

a no t h er pri e
d o f pra cti s i n g s orc ery fo r t he p u rpo s e o f k ill i ng m
,

a cc u s e ,
ore
t h a n o ne p ers o n B u t he r eb u t t ed a l l th es e a nd ot her ch a r g es
w ith i ndi g na ti o n a nd i ns t ea d o f bri n g i ng hi mt o a tri a l L o u voi s
.

ca u s ed himto b e k ept in c l o s e co n n em
, , ,

ent a nd to o k c a re th a t ,

t he proc es s s ho u l d b e c a rri ed o n a s sl o w ly a s po s s ib l e It w as
o nly a ft er fo u rteen m o nth s o f i m p r i so n m
.

ent th a t he w a s s et a t
l ib erty t he a cc u s a tio ns w er edro pp ed w itho u t a ny j u d g m ent a nd ,

he w a s r es t or ed t o fa v o r a nd to t he hi g h o f c es h e ha d pr ev iou s
l y h el d T he fo u r m
. a ic i a ns w e
g r e l ess f ort u na t e fo r th e y h ad ,

a l l b een b u r nt .

F r a n c e ha d ho w ev er t he ho nor o f l ea di ng t hew a y in di s co u r
T he irr el i g io n a nd s k eptici s m
, ,

a g i ng pro s ec u tio ns o f thi s ki nd .

o f t he co u rt o f Ch a r l e s II co ntrib u t ed no do u bt to w a rd pr o d u
c i ng t he s a m e eff ec t in E ng l a n d w h er e m
.
,

a ny w ho b ef ore v e
, n ,

t a red o nly to do u bt no w h es ita t ed no t to tr ea t t he s u bj ect w it h

, .

ridic u l e A l thou g h w ork s l ik e tho s e o f Ba x t er a nd G la n vill ha d

s ti ll th eir w ei g ht w ith m
.

a n y p eopl e et i n t h e co nt r o v er s y w hich
y
w a s no w c a rri ed o n u po n t hi s s u bj ec t thro u g h t he i ns tru m
, ,

ent a l ity
o f t he pr es s t ho s e w ho w rot e a a i n s t t he pop u l a r cr ee d h d e
g a c r
t a inly t he b es t o f t he a r g u m Sti ll it h a pp ened fro mth ei r
,

ent
f or ma nd ch a r a ct er th a t t he book s w ri t t en to expo s e t he a b s u rd
.

i t y o f t h e b el i ef in s orc ery w er e r es t rict ed i n th eir c irc u l a tio n

t o t he m
,

ore ed u c a t ed c l a s s es w hi l e pop u l a r tra cts i n d efenc e o f

,

w itchcr a ft a nd co ll ectio ns o f c a s es w er e p r i nt ed in a ch ea p er
f or m a nd w id ely di s trib u ted a m
,

o ng t h a t c l a s s in s oci et y w h er e
t he b el i ef w a s m ost r m
,

ly root ed T he eff ect o f th es e pop u l a r

p u bl ic a t io ns ha s co nti nu ed in s o m
.

e di s trict s do w n to t he pr es ent
da y Th u s t he pr ess t he na tu r a l tend enc y o f w hich w a s to eu
l i g hten m a nki n d w a s m
.
,

a d e t o i n cr ea s e i nora n c e by p a n d e ri n
g g
to t he s u p ers t i t io ns o f t he m
,

u l t it u d e .

A n i n s t a n c e o f t he co nt i nu a n c e o f t he b el i ef w hich ha d in fo r
mer ti mes prod u c ed t hes a cri c eo f s o mu ch h u ma n l i fe occ u rred ,

a t t he b e i nni n o f t he y ea r 1 7 1 2 i n t he vi ll a e o f W a l k er n in
g g g
Th er e w a s a poor w o m
, ,

t he n ort h of t he co u nt y o f H ert ford an

i n th a t to w n na m ed J a neW enh a mw ho it a pp ea r s ha d fo r s o m
.

e
t im e b een l ook ed u po n b y t he m
, , ,

ore i gn or a nt o f her n ei ghbors a s

'

a w itch W h en t he hor s es or c a ttl eo f t he fa r m ers o f th a t p a ri sh

d i ed th ey u s u a lly a s crib ed th ei r l o s s es to thi s w o m
.

a n s s orc ery

Thi s w a s p a rtic u la rly t hec a s ew ith a fa r m er na m ed Joh n Ch a p m

, .

an

r s na m ed M a tt h ew G il s o n ex a m
,

o ne o f w ho s e l a bor e , i ned o n t he ,
 J ANE W ENH A M . 407

fo u r t eenth o f F ebru a r y , d ec l a r ed th a t o n New Y ea r s d a y l a s t

m
,

p a s t , b e c a rry i ng str a w Upo n a fork fro M r s G a rdi ner s b a r n,

m m m m
.

et J a ne W en h a , w ho a sk ed hi fo r s o e s tr a w , w hic h he
r efu sed to g iv e her ; th en s he s a id shew o u l d ta k e s o e, a nd a o m
c o r d ing l
y took so e m
a w a y fro thi m
s i nfor a nt A m
n d f u rth er thi s

m
.
,

infor a nt sa ith th a t o n t he 2 9 t h o f J a nu a r y l a s t , w h en thi s in

m m m
,

f or a n t w a s t hr a shi ng ia t he b a r n o f his a s t er , John Ch a p a n,

a n old w o m
a n i n a ridi ng hood o r c l o a k , he k no w s no t w hich ,
-

m m
c a e t o t he b a r n door , a nd a sk ed hi fo r a p enny w orth o f str a w
-

h e to l d her he co u l d g iv e her n o ne a nd she w en t a w a y u tt e r m

m m
,

in g . A nd t h is i n for a n t s a ith , th a t a ft er t he w o a n w a s g o ne
h e w a s no t a bl e to w ork , b u t r a n o u t o f t he b a rn a s fa r a s a pl a c e
c a ll ed M u nd er s hi ll (w hich w a s a bo v e thr ee i l es fro Wa l

m m
k ern ), a nd a s k ed a t a ho u s e th er e fo r a p enny w ort h o f str a w , a nd
m
th ey r efu s ed t o g i v e hi a ny ; he w ent fu rth er to s o e d u ng m
m
h ea p s , a nd took s o e stra w th enc e, a nd p u ll ed o ff his shirt , a nd,
m
bro u gh t it ho e in his shirt ; he k no w s no t w h a t ov ed h i t o

m m
t hi s , b u t s a y s h e w a s forc ed t o it he k no w s no t ho w A noth er .

w it n es s d ec l a r ed th a t he s a w M a t th ew G i l s o n r etu r n i n g w ith t he
s tr a w in h is s hi r t ; t h a t he m
ov ed a l o ng a t a g r ea t pa c e, a nd th a t
i n s tea d o f p a s s i ng o v er a brid g e, he w a l k ed s tr a i g ht thro u gh t he
wa e t r
John Ch a p m
.

a n co n c e i ved no w th a t his su spic io ns w er e fu lly

ve ri ed a nd m
, eeti ng J a ne W en h a ms oo n a ft er w a rd h e a pp l i ed ,

to her in a ng er s ev er a l o ff ens iv eepi t h ets o f w hich t h a t o f w itch
,

w a s t he l ea s t opprobrio u s O n t he 9 t h o f F ebru a ry J a ne \Ven

ha mm r co m pl a i nt t o S ir H enry Ch a nney w ho w a s a m
.
,

a d e he a
s t r a t e a nd obt a i n ed a w a rr a n t a a i ns t C ha p m m
,

i a n fo r d e f tio
g g a a n
I n t he s eq u el a t t he r eco m mend a t io n o f thi s ma g i s tra te t hequ a r
, .

n J a ne W enh a ma nd t he fa r m
, ,

r el b et w ee er w a s r eferr ed to t he
d eci sio n o f t he mi ni st er o f Wa l k er n t he R ev M r G a rdi ner w ho
n som ew h a t h a r sh ly to t he w o m
. .
, ,

a pp e a rs to h a v e s pok e a n a d vi

m
,

sin
g h er t o l i v e or e p e a c ea b ly w ith h e r n ei g h b or s a n d c o n
d em ned Ch a p m
,

a n to a h e r o n e s hi ll i n
p y g
A s fa r a s w e ca n s ee J a ne W enh a mt ook t he m
.

'

o s t s ens ib l e
co u r s e to r etri ev e h er s el f fro mt he i m
,

u t a tio n o f b ei ng a w itch
p
b u t M r G a rdi ner a l tho u g h a c l er gy m a n o f t he ch u rch o f En
g
l a nd w a s a s r ma b el i ever in w itchcr a ft a s F a r m er Ch a p m
.
,

an

d t he poor w o m
, ,

a nd he fa nc i ed th a t h e ha d prov o k e a n by no t i v
g
i n g her t he j u s tic e s he exp ect ed H is j u d g m ent w a s d el i v er ed
in t he k i t ch en o f t he p a r s o na g e ho u s e w h ere a m
.

-
a id s e rv a nt -

b et w een s ixt een a nd s ev ent een y ea r s o f a g e n a m

, ,

ed A nneThor n
, ,

w a s s i t t ing by t he r es id e w ho ha d p u t he
, r k nee o u t t he ev e n
408 S O RCE RY A ND MA GI C .

ing b efore a nd ha d j u s t ha d it s et I L a ppea r s t ha t t he su pposed

, .

w itch r es o l v ed t o t a k ev eng ea nc e o n thi s poor g irl fo r t he o ff enc e

co m mitted by her ma s t er J a n e Wenh a ma nd Cha p ma n w ere .

g o ne a nd M r G a rdi ne r h ad e nt er ed t he p a r l or t o his wi fe a c

com p a ni ed by a nei g hbor na m

.
, ,

ed B r a g g s Th es e thr ee p ers o ns .

d epo sed a t t he s u b s eq u ent t ri a l th a t M r G a rdi ner ha d n o t b een ,

in t he p a rl o r w ith his w i fe a nd M r B r a g g s a bo v e s ix o r sev en

mi nu t es a t mo st s i nc e he l eft A nn e Thorn s itti ng by t he r e
.
.

w h en he h ea rd a s tr a ng e y ell i ng n oi s e i n t he kitch en a n d w h en ,
.

he w ent o u t a nd fo u nd thi s A nne Tho r ne s tripp ed t o her s hirt

sl e ev es b o w ling a nd w ri ng i ng her ha nd s in a di s m al m a nn e r a nd
ch l es s he c a ll i ng o u t M r s G a rdi ner a nd M r B r a g ge c a m
, ,

s p ee e
im medi a tely to him M r s G a rdi ner seei ng her s erv a nt in tha t
, , . .

d her w h a t w a s t he m
. .

s a d co ndi t io n a sk e ,
a tt er w ith her S he .

no t b ei ng a b l e to s p ea k poi nt ed ea r nes tly a t a b u nd l e w hich l a y

,

a t her f eet w hi c h M r s ,
G a rdi ner took u p a nd u npi n ned a n d
.
,

fou nd it t o b e t he g ir l s g o w n a nd a pro n a nd a p a rc el o f o a k en

t w i g s w i t h d ea d l ea v es w r a p p ed u p th erei n A s s oo n a s thi s b u n
I m
.

d l e w a s O p ened A nne Thor n b eg a n to s p ea k cry i ng o u t

, , ,

r u i ned a nd u n do ne a nd a ft er s he ha d a l i t t l e r eco v er ed h ers el f ,

g a v e t he foll o w i n g r e l a tio n o f w h a t ha d b e fa ll en he r S h e s a id
w h en s h e w a s l eft a l o ne s he fo u nd a s tr a ng e ro a m
.

i ng in her
ha nd (I u s eher O w n expr es s io ns ) her m i nd r a n u po n J a y eW en
ha ma nd s hetho u ght s he m u st r u n so m e w hith er ; th a t a ccordi ng
l y s he r a n u p t he c l o s e b u t l ook ed b a ck s ever a l ti m
,

es a t t he
ho u s e thi nki ng she sho u ld nev er s ee it m or e tha t s he c l i m
,

, b ed
o v er a ve b a r g a t e a nd r a n a l o ng t he hi g h w a y u p a b ill ; tha t
-

t h ere s he m et t w o o f Joh n Ch a p m an s m en o ne o f w ho mtoo k

,

h o l d o f her h a nd sa y i ng s he s ho u l d g o w ith th em b u t s he w a s
,

f orc ed a w a y fro mth emno t b ei ng a b l e to sp ea k ei t her t o th em

, ,

or to o ne D a ni el C ha p m a n w ho ms he sa id s he m
, , ,

et o n hor s e
b a ck a nd w o u l d fa i n h a v e s pok en t o himb u t co u l d no t ; th en
, , ,

s he m a rd Cro m
, ,

a d e he r wa to w e r a s f a r a s a p l a c e c a ll ed H ock
y ,

n ey l a ne w h er e s he l o ok ed b ehi n d her a nd sa w a l itt l e O l d w o

ma n mu ffl ed in a ridi ng hood w ho a sk ed her w hith er she w a s
, ,

m m s tick s to m
,

g o in
g S h e a ns w e r e d to Cro e r to f etch s o e a k e
h er a r e; t he ol d w o m
.
,

a n to l d her th er e w e r e no w no s tick s a t
Cro m er a nd b a d eher g o to th a t o a k tr ee a nd p l u ck s o m eth en c e -

w hich s he d id a nd l a id th emu po n t he ro u nd o ld w o m
, , ,

, g T h e a n .

b a d e her p u ll o ff her g o w n a nd a pro n a nd w r a p t he s t ick s in

thema nd a s k ed her w het her she ha d eer a p in U po n her a n
,

a d no ne t he O l d w o m
, ,
.

sw e r in he h n v e h e l r e crook e d
g s a
g a, r a a
g
p in , b a d e h er
p in u
p h e r b u n d l e a n d th e n v a n i s h ed a w a y ; a f t,er
 A NNE T H O RNE S A D VENT U RE S

. 409

w hich ho m e w ith h er bu n d l e o f s tick s a nd s a t dow n in

she r a n ,

t he kitch en s tripp ed a s M r G a rdi ner fo u nd her , Thi s is t he

. .

su b st a n c e o f w h a t s h e r e l a t ed u po n w hich M r s G a rd iner cri ed

The g irl h a s b een in t he s a m e co nditio n w ith Ch a p m
.
,

ou t an s

ma n b u t w e w i ll bu rn t hew itch a ll u di ng to a rec ei v ed n otion

,

t h a t w h en t he thi ng b ew itch ed is b u rn ed t he w itch is forc ed t o

co m e in a ccordi ng ly she took t he s ti ck s to g eth er w ith t hep in
m i nto t he r e I mmedi a tely in t he insta nt t ha t
, ,

a nd thr ew th e

t he s tick s w er e a m i ng J a neW enh a mc a m e i nto t he roo m a nd

.
, ,

i nqu ir ed fo r El i z a b eth t he m
, ,

o t h er o f A nne Thorne sa y i ng she

ha d a n err a n d t o do to her fro mA rd l ey B u ry ( S ir H enry Ch a u n
, ,

ce s ho u s e) to w i t th a t s he m u st o thith e r h h e ex

g t o w a s t n t
y
No w thi s M oth er Thorneha d b een in t heho u s ea ll t hetim
, ,

day e
th a t J a n e W enh a mw a s th er e w ith John Ch a p m
.

a n a nd h e a rd

n othi ng o f it a n d w a s th en g o ne ho m
,

e M r s G a rdi ner b a d J a ne
Wenha mg o to El i z a b eth Thor ne a nd t ell her ther e w a s w ork
, . .

eno u g h fo r her th er e; o n w hich s he d ep a rt ed A n d u po n i a

q u iry m
.

a d e a ft e r w a rd it w a s fo u nd th a t s he n ev er w a s ord er ed
t o d el i v er a ny s u ch err a nd fro mA rd l ey B u ry
,

.

H er ew a s a n exc ell ent g rou nd w ork for a n a cc u sa tion o f w itch

cr a ft Ch a p m
. an s t w o m en a nd t he hor s em

a n de po sed t o m
, eet ,

ing A nn e Thor ne o n t he ro a d a s she d es crib ed ; a nd oth ers o f

J a ne W enha ms enem
,

i es t es ti ed th a t O t h er p eopl e ha d b een b e

w itch ed b y her A l l r ec ei v ed enc ou r a g em ent fro mt her ea d iness

O f t he c l er y m a n t o pro m
.

g ot e t h e p er se c u tio n a n d a w a rr a n t w as
obt a i ned fro mS ir H enry Ch a u n c ey t o a rr es t t he su ppo s ed w itch
,

T he ex a m
.

i na tio n s w er e ta k en b efore S ir H enry a t A rdl ey B u ry

cted fo u r w o m en t o s ea rch J a n e W enh a ms bod y fo r
, ,

a n d he dir e

ma rk s b u t n o ne w ere fou nd Next d a y t he ex a mi na tio n w a s

, .

co nti nu ed a nd t he evid en c e o f t he G a rdi ners w a s t a k en Ja ne

W enha mexpr es sed her horror o f b ei n g s ent t o j a i l ea rnestly
.
,

prot est ed h er i nnoc en c e entr ea ti ng M r s G a rdi ner no t t o s w ea r

m a l by sw i m m
,
.

a a i n s t he r a nd O ff eri n to b it to tri i n i n t he
g g s u g
Sir H enry w ho s eem
,

w a t er s t o ha veyie l d ed t o t he pr ej u dic es
c u tors in m o st thi ng s r efu sed t o a ll o w o f th is m
.
,

o f t he pro s e od e,

o f tri a l Bu t t he v ic a r o f A rd l ey no l es s su p er s titio u s tha n t he

.
,

r ector o f W a l k er n tri ed her w ith t he L ord s P r a y er w hich she

,

,

r ep ea t ed i ncorrectly a nd he su b s equ ently ind u c ed her b y fri ght

a nd tor m
, ,

ent t o co nfes s th a t shew a s a w itch a nd ha d i n ter cou r se

w ith S a t a n a nd t o a cc u s e thr ee w o m
,

,
en o f W a l k ern a s her con
fed er a t es w ho w er e a l s o p u t u nd er a r r est
J a ne W enh a mw a s no w co m mitt ed a nd her t r i al ca meon on
.
,

t he4 t h of M a r ch b e for e Ju st i ce P o w ell w h en no less t han s ix

, ,

35
410 S O R CE RY A ND M A GI C .

t een w itnes s es a m o ng -w ho mw er e thr ee c l er gy m

, en w er e h ea rd ,

a g a i ns t t he pri s o ner T he l a w y er s r efu s ed t o d r a w u p t he in

d ict m
.

ent fo r a ny oth er ch a r g e th a n th a t o f conv er s i ng w ith t he

d evi l in t he for mO f a c a t

w hich to t he r ea t a n er O f t he pro s
, g g ,

ecu t or s t hr ew a n a ir o f ridic u l e o v er t he w ho l e proc eedi ng

Y et Upo n thi s i ndictm
, .

ent in s pit e o f her d ec l a r a tio ns o f i nn o

,

c enc e t he H ertford shir ej u ry fo u nd her gu i l ty T he j u d g e w a s

obl i g ed to pro n o u nc e s ent en c e o f d ea th a s a m r o f for m; b u t
, .

a tt e

h e su b seq u ently obta i ned her p a rdo n a nd a g entl em a n of m

,

ore
enl i g h t en ed m i nd th a n t he p eopl eo f W a l k ern Co l o nel P l u m mer
,

O f G i l s to n i n t he s a m

, ,

e co u nty took her u nd er his prot ectio n a nd

, ,

pl a c ed her in a cott a g e n ea r his o w n ho u s e w h er e she p a s s ed

t he r es t o f her l i fe i n a q u i et i no ff ens iv e m
,

a nne r .

F ew ev ents o f thi s ki nd h a v e c a u s ed a g r ea t er s ens a tio n t h a n

t h ec a s eo f J a ne W enh a m T he r eport o f t he tri a l p a s s ed thro u g h
.

s ev er a l e ditio ns in a few d a y s a nd g a v e ri s e to a v er y bitter co n

t r o ver s y in w hi ch s ev er a l c l er g y m
,

en joi ned in t he cr y a g a i nst

t h e i nn oc ent v icti m T hedi s pu t e s eem co m e in s o m
,

s to h a v eb e e
d eg ree id enti ed w ith t he bitt er a ni m
.

o s iti es th en exi s ti ng b et w een

t h e ch u rch a n d t he di s ent er s
s it w a s j u s t t he ti m e w h en t he in
t o l er a nt p a rty w ith th eir h ero S a ch ev er ell ha d g a i ned t he u pp er
h a nd a nd th ey s eem
, ,

ed no t u n w i ll i n g to r ec a ll i nto forc eev en t he

O l d d eg r a di ng b el i ef in w itchcr a ft if th ey co u l d m
,

a k e it a n in

s tr u m B u t t he m o st i m
,

ent f o r eff ecti ng th eir p u rpo s es . porta nt

r esu l t o f thi s tri a l a nd t h e co ntrov er s y to w hich it g a v e ri s e w a s
, ,

t he p u b l ic a tio n t w o o r thr ee y ea r s a ft er w a r d o f t he H i s toric a l

, ,

Es s a y co n c er ni ng W itchcr a ft b y t h eki ng s ch a pl a i n in ordi na ry

D r Fr a n ci s H u tchi ns o n Thi s book m

, ,

b e co ns id er ed a s t he
a
y
l a s t b l o w a t w itchcr a ft w hich fro mthi s ti m
. .

e fo u nd cr ed it o nly
am o ng t he m
,

o s t i gnor a nt p a rt o f t he pop u l a tio n

The c a s e O f J a ne W enh a mis t he l a s t i ns t a nc e O f a w itch b e
.

ing co nd em n ed b y t he v erdict o f a n Eng l i s h j u r y W h en t he .

ro se c u tor s w e r e l o er l i t en ed to i n co rt f j tic e th e y
p n o n g s u s o u s ,

eith er c ea s ed to nd obj ects o f p u r s u it o r th ey a pp ea l ed fo r j u d g

ment to t hep a ss io ns o f t heu ned u c a ted pea sa ntr y A n occ u rr enc e
,

O f thi s k i nd no l ess br u t a l th a n tr a ic a l i s s a id to h a v el e d to t h e
, g ,

na l r ep ea l O f t he w itchcr a ft a ct T he s c ene i s a g a i n l a id i n
H ert ford shir e I n t he m
.

idd l e o f t he l a s t c entu r y ther e l i v ed a t

Tri ng i n t h a t co u nty a poor m a n a nd h is w i fe o f t he na m
.
,

, , e of
O sbo r ne ea ch a bo u t s ev en ty y ea r s O f a g e D u ri ng t he r eb ell ion
, .

O f f orty v e M oth e

-
, r O sborne a s she w a s pop u l a rly c a ll ed w ent
t o o n e B u t t er el d w ho k ept a d a ir y a t G u b b l eco t to b e fo r s o m
, ,

e
b u tt erm
,
g ,

ilk b u t hesa id w i t h g r ea t br u ta l ity th a t heha d no t eno u h

,
g
 T H E M UR DE R A T T RING . 4 11

for his ho g s The o l d w o m a n ,p r o vo k e d b y thi s tr ea t m ent w ent

tend er w o u l d soo n h a v e hima nd
.

a w a y t ell i ng hi mth a t t he pr e
.
,

his ho g s t oo T he co n nec t io n w ith w h a t fo ll o w ed p erh a p s a ro se

fro mt he pop u l a r o u tcry w hich ha d l o ng co u p l ed t he pr et end er
.

w ith S a t a n So m eti m e a ft er w a rd s o m eo f B u t t er eld s c a lv es b e

cam e di s t em
.
,

p er ed a nd t he i gnor a nt p eop l e o f t he nei ghborhood

w ho ha d h ea rd t he s tory o f t h eb u tt er m
, ,

i l k d ec l a r ed th a t th ey w er e
b ew itch ed b y M oth er O sborne I n co u r s e o f ti m
,

e B u t t er eld l eft
his d a ir y a nd took a p u b l ic ho u s e in t he s a m
.

,
-
e v i ll a g e w h er e , ,

a bo u t t he b e i nn i n o f t he y e a r 1 75 1 he w a s tro u b l e d w ith t
g g s

en s u bj ect t o s i m i l a r t s in form er ti m
, ,

a n d a l thou gh he ha d b e
,
es ,

th es e a l s o w er e no w a s crib ed to M oth er O sborn e H e w a s p er

s u a d ed th a t t he doctor s c o u l d d o himno g ood a n d w a s a d v i s ed
.

to s end fo r a n o l d w o m a n o u t o f No r t h a mt o n s hir e a w hit e w itch

,

p , ,

w ho h a d t h er ep u t a tio n o f b ei ng s ki l fu l i n co u nt er a cti n g t heeff ects

o f s orc ery Thi s w o m
. a n c o n r m ed t he O pi n io n a l r ea d y a o a t
o f t he c a u s e o f B u t t er e l d s di s ord er a nd she d ir ect ed th a t s ix

men sho u l d w a tch his hou se da y a nd ni ght w ith s ta ves pitch

,

f ork s a n d oth er w ea po ns a t t he sa m e ti m e h a ng i ng s o m
, ,

ethi ng
ir neck s w hich she s a id w a s a ch a r mto s ec u r e th em
, ,

a bo u t th e

f ro mb ei n g b ew itch ed th em lv es Thi s prod u c ed a s m

,

se i ght b e
exp ect ed n o eff ect a n d t he a cc u s a tio n m
.
,

i g ht h a v e dropp ed ; b u t
so m e p er s o ns d es iro u s o f co ll ecti n g to g et her a l a r g e nu m
, ,

,
b er o f
p ers o ns w ith a l u cr a tiv e O bj ect c a u s ed notic e to b e g i v en a t s ev
er a l o f t he m
,

a rk e t to w ns a ro u nd th a t w itch es w er e to b e tri ed b y
-

d u cki ng a t Lo ng m a r st o n o n t he 22 d o f A pri l T he co ns eq u enc e

w a s th a t a v a st co n co u r s e o f p eop l e a ss em
, ,
.

b l ed a t Tri ng o n t he
T he p a ri s h o ffi c er s ha d r em
,

d a y a nno u n c ed o v ed t heo ld co u pl e
fro mt he w orkho u s e i nto t he ch u rch fo r s ec u rity ; u po n w hi c h
.

t he m
,

ob a ft er s ea rchi ng i n v a i n t he w orkho u s e a nd ev en l ook

ing i nto t he s a l t b o x t o s ee if t he w itch ha d tr a ns for m
, ,

-
ed h er s el f
i nto a ny di m i nu tiv e for mth a t co u l d b econc ea l ed ther e exhibit ed
th eir di s a ppoi nt ment i n br ea k i ng t he w i ndo w s p u ll i ng do w n t he
,

p a l es a nd d em
,

, o l i shi ng a p a rt o f t he ho u s e Th ey th en s ei z ed .

u po n t he o v e r n or n d co ll ecti n to e t h e r q n tity f t r w
g a
g g a u a o s a

thr ea t ened to dro w n hima nd s et r e to t he to w n u nl es s t he nu

, ,

f ort u na t e co u p l e w er e d el i v er ed u p to th em F ea r a t l eng th ia
,

d u ced t he p a ri s h o ffi c er s t o y i el d a nd t he t w o w r etch es w er e

d by t h e m th eir th u m
,

s tripp ed s t a rk n a k e ob b s t i ed to th eir to es
, ,

a nd th u s e a ch w r a pp ed in a l oo s e s h e et th ey w er e dr a g g ed t w o
mi l es a nd thro w n i nt o a mu ddy strea m A chi mney s w eeper
, ,
-

na m
, .
,

ed Co ll ey o ne o f t he ri ng l ea d er s s eei ng th a t t he poor w o
ma n did not sink w ent i nto t hepo nd a nd tu r ned her over sev
, ,

,
41 2 S O R CE RY A ND MA GI C .

er a l ti m es w ith a stick b y w hich her bod y sl ip ped o u t o f t he,

sh e et a nd w a s expo s ed na k ed I n thi s co ndit io n a nd h al f chok ed

w it h m
,
.

u d s he w a s thro w n o n t he b a nk a nd th er e k ick ed a nd
, ,

b ea t en ti ll s he ex pir ed H er h u sb a nd di ed a l s o o f t he i nj u ri es
T he m
.

he ha d r ec ei v ed a n w ho ha d su p e ri nt end ed th ese br u t a l
m
.

roc e e di n g s w ent rou n d to t he cro w d co ll ecti n o n e y f t h e

p g o r

am u s em en t heha d a ff ord ed th em T he c o ro ner s i nqu es t bro u ght

a ve rdict o f w i l fu l m u rd er a g a i ns t s ev e r a l p ers o ns by n a m e b ut ,

t he o nly o ne bro u g ht t o j u s tic e w a s t he s w eep Co ll ey w ho w a s

ex ec u t ed a nd a f t er w a rd h u ng in ch a i ns for t h e m
,

, u rd er o f R u t h ,

O sbor ne
F ro mthi s ti m
.

e w itchcr a f t ha s a ttr a ct ed no a tt ention in Eng

l a nd exc ept a s a v u l g a r su p er s tition in s o m eru d el oc a l iti es w h er e
t he s choo l m
,

a st e r ha d no t y et p enetr a t ed I n Scotl a nd t he s tr u g
s titio n a nd co m m
.

l e b et w e e n su p e r o n se n s eco nti nu ed l o n er a nd
g g
more ob sti na t e A few o f t he l a ter c a s es of Scotti s h s orc ery
.

w er e co ll ect ed b y G eorg e S i n c l a ir in a l ittl e book p u b l i s h ed i n ,

t he b eg i nn i ng o f t he l a s t c ent u ry u nd er t he titl e o f S a ta n s I n
,

v i s ib l e W orl d D i sco v er ed O ne o r t w o o f th es e w i ll s er v e t o
s ho w t he for mw hich w itchcr a ft a s s u m ed in Scotl a nd a t t he ti m e
w h en it w a s fa l l i ng i nto di s cr edit a m ong m en o f ed u c a tio n
Th er e w a s a m a n na m ed S a ndi e H u nt er w ho c a l l ed hi m
.

se lf
S a ndi e H a m i l to n b u t w a s b etter k no w n b y t henick na m
,

eo f H a t
t a r a ic k g iv en hi mit s eem
,

s b y t he d e v i l H ew a s r st a n ol t
h erd in E a s t L othi a n b u t he ha d a s su m
, , , .

ed t he ch a r a ct er O f a
co nj u r er c u ri ng m en a n d b ea sts b y s p ell s a n d ch a r m
.
,

s H is
ch a r m s so m eti m es s u cc eed ed s o m eti m
, .

es n o t H o w ev er t he
ext ent o f H a t t a r a ick s pr a ctic es s eem
, .
,

s to h a v e r a i s ed t h e j ea l

o nsy o f S a t a n O n a d a y h erdi ng his ki ne u po n a hi ll s id e in -

t he s u m mer ti me t he d ev i l c a me to himin t he for mo f a med e

.

S a ndi e yo u h a v e t o o l o ng foll o w ed m
,

ei ner a nd s a id tr a de
y
r a ck no w l ed g ed m e fo r y o u r m r ; yo u m
, , , ,

a nd n ev e a ste u s t no w t a k e

w ith m e a nd b e m y s er v a n t a nd I w i ll m a k e ou m
y or e p e r f e c t
W h er eu po n t he m m
, ,

i n y ou r c a ll i ng
a n ga ve u
p hi se l f to t he
d ev i l a nd r ec ei v ed his m w na m
.

a rk w ith thi s n e e A ft er thi s he

am a rm
, , .

g r e w v e r y f o u s thro u g h t h e co u n tr y f or hi s ch i n g a n d
c u ri ng o f di sea s es in m
, ,

en a nd b ea st s a nd tu r n ed a v a g r a nt fel
l o w l i k e a jock ey g a i n i ng m ea l a n d esh a nd m
,

oney b y his
ch a r m s u ch w a s t he i gn or a n c e o f m a ny a t t he ti m
, , , , ,

s e w h a tev er
ho u s e he c a m e t o non e d u rs t r efu s e H a t t a r a i ck a n a l m
,

s r a th e r

O ne d a y he c a m
, ,

fo r h is i ll th a n his g ood e to t he y a it ( g a t e
of Sa m l s t o n w h en s o m
.

u e e f ri end s a fter di nner w er e g o ing t o

hor se a y o u ng g entl em bro th er t o t he l a dy, s eeing him
, ,

, an , ,
 S A ND IE H UNTER . 41 3

sw itch ed hima b ou t t he ea r s sa y i ng Y o u w a rl ock ca ir l e w h at

W h ereu po n t he fell o w g o es a w a y g r u m
, .
,

h a v e yo u to do h ere

?

b l i ng a nd w a s o v erh ea rd s a y Y ou sh a ll d ea r b u y thi s er e it b e
Th is w a s d a m nu m mi na t u m T he yo u ng g entl ema n con
, ,

l ong

O ff a nd c a m m
. .

v e ed his fri e n d s a wa
y e ho e th t w i n
y , a a
y g a a ,

w h er e he s u pp ed A ft er s u pp er t a ki ng his hor s e a nd cro s s i ng

T y n e w a ter to g o ho m
.
, ,

e he rod ethro u gh a s h a d y pi ec e o f h a u gh
co m monly c a ll ed Cotter s a nd t he ev eni ng b ei ng so mew h a t d a rk
, ,

he m et w ith s o m
, ,

e p er s o ns th er e th a t b eg a t a dr ea d fu l co n s t er na
t io n in him w hich fo r t he m o s t p a rt he w o u l d n ev er r ev ea l
Thi s w a s m a l u ms e cu t u m W h en he c a m e ho m
, , , .

. e t he s er v a nt s ,

ob s er ved terr or a nd fea r in his co u nt ena nc e T he next d a y he

b ec a m
.

e di str a ct ed a nd w a s bo u nd fo r s ev er a l d a y s H i s s i s t er
t he l a d y S a m
, .
,

u e l st o n h ea ri n g o f it w a s h ea rd s a y S u r ely th a t
k na v e H a t t a r a ick is t h e c a u s e o f his t ro u b l e c a ll fo r himin a ll
, , ,

Wh en he ha d co m
,

ha s t e
e to her S a ndi e s a id she w h a t i s

t hi s yo u h a v e don e to m m m
.
, , ,

b roth er W i ll i I to l d h i a ys

y a s
he I s hou l d m a k eh i m r ep ent h is s trik i ng o f m
,

e a t t h ey a it l a t e
S he g i v i ng t he ro g u e fa ir w ord s a n d pr o m i s i ng himhis
,

ly

m
.
,

p ock f u ll o f e a l w ith b ee f a n d ch e e s e p e r s u a d e d t h e f ell o w t o

c u r e hi ma g a i n H e u nd ertook t he b u s i nes s b u t I m
, ,

u s t r st

.
, ,

s a y s he h a v e one o f his sa rk s w hich w a s s oo n g ott en W h a t

, .

pr a nk s he p l a yed w ith it ca n no t b e k no w n ; b u t w ithi n a short

w hi l e t he g en tl em a n r eco v er e d his h ea l t h W h en H a t t a r a ick
cam
.

e t o r ec ei v e his w a g es he to l d t he l a d y Y o u r broth er W il
l i a m sh a ll q u ick ly g o O ff t he co u ntry b u t sh a ll never r etu rn
, ,

, .

S he k n o w i ng t he fell o w s proph es i es to ho l d tru e c a u s ed h er

broth er to m r o f a l l h i s p a tri m
,

a k e a di spo s itio n t o he o ny t o t he .

d efr a u ding o f his y o u ng er broth er G eor g e A ft er th a t thi s w a r

l ock ha d a b u s ed t he co u ntry fo r a l o ng ti m
, .

e he w a s a t l a s t a p ,

pr eh end ed a t D u nb a r a nd bro u g ht i nto Edi nb u r gh a n d b u rnt u p

, ,

o n t he c a st l e hi l l .

A noth er extr a ordi na r y c a s e occ u rr ed a bou t t he end o f A u g u st ,

1 69 6 O n e Chri sti a n Sh a w t he d a u g ht er o f Joh n Sh a w o f Ba r

.
, ,

a rr a n i n t h e s hir e o f R e f e w b e l e v e y e r f e e
g n r a o u t n a s o a
g p r

o ne o f t he m m m
, , ,

c ei vin id f t h e h o e e d C th ri e C p
g a s o u s n a a a n a

b ell to st ea l a nd dri nk s o m em i lk she tol d her m

,

oth er o f it
W h er eu po n t he m b ei ng o f a pro u d a nd r ev eng ef u l h u m
, ,
.

a id or
m
, ,

a nd a r e t n d w e r e r did i n r e t r e th ric e i
g a c u r s o r a s a a
g ,
a a
g , ,

pr ec a t e t he c u r s e o f G od u po n t he chi ld a nd u tt er th es e w ord s , ,

t hed ev i l h a rl ey o u r s o u l t hro u h h ell O n F rid a y fo ll o w in o ne

g g
A gn es Na s m it h c a m
,

e to B a r g a r r a n s ho u s e w h er e s he a sk ed t he

s a id Chri s ti a n ho w t he l a d y a nd y o u n chi l d w e r e a nd ho w ol d
g ,
*
35
41 4 S O RCE RY A ND M A GI C .

t he o u ng chi
y ld w as hich Chri sti a n r epl i ed Wha t do I
. To w ,

k no w 1 Th en A g nes a sk ed ho w h er s el f did a nd ho w o ld she

, ,

w as . To w hich she a nsw er ed t h a t she w a s w ell a nd in t he ,

el ev enth y ea r o f her a g e O n S a t u rd a y n i g ht th er ea ft er t hechi l d

.
,

w ent to b ed in g ood h ea l th ; b u t s o s oo n a s s he w a s a sl eep she ,

b eg a n to cr y H elp h el p a nd did y o v er t he r est i ng b ed

, ,
-

w h er e she w a s ly i ng w ith su ch v io l en c e th a t her br a i ns ha d

b een d a sh ed o u t if a w o m
, ,

a n ha d no t brok e n t h e f orc e o f t he
chi l d s m otion a nd r em
,

,a i ne d a s if she ha d b een d ea d for t he ,

s p a c e o f h a l f a n ho u r A ft er thi s she w a s t ro u b l ed w ith s or e

p a i ns exc ept in s o m
.

, e s hort i nt erv a l s a nd w h en a ny o f t hep eo ,

p l e pr e se n t to u ch e d a n y p a rt o f h er bod y s h e did cry a n d s cr e ech

w ith s u ch v eh em
,

en c e a s if th ey ha d b een ki ll i ng her b u t w o u l d
So m
, ,

n o t sp ea k e d a y s th er ea ft er she fell a cry i ng th a t C a th a

r i ne C a m pb ell a nd A gnes Na s m
.

it h w er e c u tti ng her s id e a nd
o th e r p a rts o f her bod y I n thi s co nditio n sh eco nti nu ed a m onth
w ith s o m
.
,

e v a ri a tio n both a s t o t he t s a nd i nt erv a l s S he did

t hru st o u t o f her m o u th p a rc el s o f h a ir s o m e c u rl ed so m
.
,

e p l a it
ed s o m
, ,

, e k nott ed o f d i ff er ent co l or s a nd i n l a r g e qu a ntiti es a n d

, , ,

l ik ew i s e co a l ci nd er s w hich w ere s o hot th a t th ey co u l d s c a rc e

,

l y b eh a nd l ed O ne o f w hich D r B ri s b a ne b ei ng b y her w h en
r m
. .
,

shetook it o u t o f he o u th f el t it to b e hott er th a n a ny oii es

bod y co u l d m The g irl co nti nu ed a l o ng ti m

,

a k e it e in thi s co n
d itio n ti ll t he g o v er nm
.

ent b eg a n to t a k e notic e o f it a nd g a v e
com mi ss ion to s o me honora b l e g ent l emen fo r t he t ri a l s of those
, ,

t w o a nd s ev er a l o t h er s co nc er n ed in th es e pr a c t ic es ; a nd b ei n
g
bro u g ht b eforet hej u d g es t w o o f th eir a cco m
,

p l ic es co nfess ed t he
cri m e; w h er eu po n th ey w er e co nd em
,

ned a nd e x ec u t ed
So m ew h er e a bo u t t he s a m et im
.

e a n eq u a lly s tr a ng e a ff a ir o c
c u rred a t t he to w n o f P itt en w eemi n F i fe w hich m a
y a lso b e

P et er M o r t b n a s m
, ,

to l d in t he w ord s o f S i nc la ir ith a t P it
t enw eem b ei n so m
.
,

g d es ir ed b y o n e B ea t i e L ain
g to do e w ork
f o r her w hich he r efu s ed exc u s i ng hi m
,

, se l f in r esp ect he ha d
,

b een p r e eng a g ed to s er v e a s hip w ith n a i l s w ithi n a c ert a in

-

ti m
,

e; s o th a t ti ll he h a d fi ni sh ed th a t w ork he co u l d no t eng a g e ,

i n a ny oth er ; th a t n ot w ith s t a n di ng t he s a id B ea ti e L a i ng d e
cl a r ed h er s el f di s s a ti s ed a nd v o w ed r ev eng e T he s a id P et er
M orto n a ft er w a rd b ei ng i n d ispo s ed co m
.
,

i ng by t he door sa w a
sm
, ,

a ll v es s e l fu ll o f w a t er a nd a co a l o f r e sl ock ened in t he

w a ter ; s o p erc eivi n a n a l t er a tio n i n his h ea l th a nd r em m

,

g e b e r ,

i ng B ea t i e L a i ng s thr ea t enin g s he pr es ent ly su sp ec t s d ev i l r y in

t he m
,

a tt er a nd qu a r el s t he thi ng Th er ea ft er ndi ng his i ndi s

po s itio n g ro w i ng w ors e a nd w ors e b ei ng tor m
, . ,

ent ed a nd prick ed ,
 B E A T IE L AING . 415

as w ith bodki ns a nd pi ns he O p enly l a y s t he b l a m e u pon w itch

cr a ft a nd a cc u s ed B ea ti e L a i ng H econti nu ed t o b etor m
,

,
. ent ed ,

a nd s he w a s b y w a rr a nt a ppr e h en d ed w ith oth er s in P itt en

w eem No n a t u r a l r ea s o n co u l d b e g i v en fo r h is di st em
, , ,

. p er his ,

fa c e a nd n eck b ei n g d r ea d fu lly di s tor t ed h is b a ck prodi g io u s ly ,

ri s i ng a nd fa ll i ng his b elly s w ell i ng a nd fa ll i n g o n a su d d en his

j oi n t s p l i a b l e a nd co n s ta ntly s o sti ff a s n o h u m
, ,

a n po w er co u l d

b o w th em B ea ti e L a i ng a nd her h ell i sh co m
,

p a nio n s b ei ng in
c u stody w er e bro u ght to t he roo mw h er e he w a s a n d h is fa c e
.

co v er ed he tol d his tor m ent er s w er e in t he r oo m n a m i ng th em

, ,

A nd tho u g h for m erly no co n fess io n ha d b een m

, , .

a de B e a ti e L a i n
g
confes s ed her cri m
,

e a n d a cc u s ed s ev er a l oth er s a s a cc es s ori es
T h e s a id B ea ti e h a vi ng co nfess ed her co m
, .

p a ct w ith t he d evi l ,

a n d u s i ng o f s p e ll s a nd p a rtic u l a rly her s l ock eni ng t he co a l in

w a t er s he n a m
,

,
ed her a s s oci a t es i n r ev en g e a g a i n s t P et er M o r
t o n v iz J a net C o r nfo o t L i ll i e W a ll a c e a n d L a w s on w ho ha d
fra m ed a p ictu r e o f w a x a n d ev ery o n eo f t hefor ena m
,
.
, , , ,

, ed p er s o ns
h a vi ng p u t th eir p in in t he pictu r e fo r tortu r e Th ey co u l d no t
t ell w h a t ha d b eco m e of t he i m
.

a e b u t tho u g ht t he d e
g v i l h ad

n it w ho mth ey h a d s een in t h e pri s o n

,

s t ol e B ea ti e L a i ng l ik e
w i s e s a id th a t o ne I s ob el A d a m s a y o u ng l a ss w a s a l s o in co m
, .

p a ct w i t h t hed ev il Thi s w o m
, , ,

a n w a s de s ir ed t o s ee w ith B ea ti e
w hich s he r efu s ed ; a nd B ea ti e l et h er s ee a m
,
.

a n a t t he oth e r
end o f t he t a bl e w ho a pp ea r ed a s a g ent l em a n a nd pro m i s ed her
s hepro m i s ed her s er v ic e to hima nd
, ,

a ll pro s p eri t y i n t he w or l d

h e p u t h is m
,

a rk o n he r es h w hich w a s v e r y p a i nf u l S h e w a s
nd t h e co m
.
,

short ly a fter ord er ed to a tt e p a ny to g o t o o ne M a c

G r ig o r s ho u s e to m r h im; he a w a k i ng w h en th ey w er e
,

u rd e

th er e a nd r eco m mendi ng hi ms el f to G o d th ey w ere forc ed t o

,

Thi s I sob el A d a m
, ,

w ithdr a w . s a pp ea r ed i n g en u o u s a nd v er y ,

p en it ent in her co nfes s io ns ; she s a i d h e w ho for g a v e M a n a s

b s w i t chcr a fts m
,

se

i ght fo r g iv e h er s a l so ; a nd di ed v ery p en i
t ent a nd t o t he s a t i sf a ct io n of m
, an
y Thi s B ea t i e L a i n
g w a.s
s u s p ect ed b y h e r h u s b a nd l o n b e for e sh e w a s l a id i n pri s o n b y
g
w a rr a nt o f t he m
,

a i s tr a t es T h e o c c a s io n w a s thu s s he s a id
g .
,

th a t she ha d p a ck s o f v ery g ood w oo l w hich sh e i ns t a nt ly s o l d

a nd co m i ng ho m
, ,

e w ith a b l a ck hor s e w hi c h s he ha d w ith her

th ey dri nki n g ti ll it w a s l a t e in t he n i g h t er e th ey c a m e ho m
,

e
t ha t m
,

a n s a id Wh a t sh a ll I do w ith t he hor s e? S he r epl i ed

C a s t t he brid le o n hi s neck a nd yo u w ill b e q u it o f him a nd

, ,

, ,

a s her h u s b a nd tho u ht t he hor s e ew w i t h a r e t n oi e w y

g g a s a a

Th ey w er e b y a co m
,

i n t he a ir p l a i nt to t he priv y co u nci l pro s

r m
.
, ,

s ent ed b y he aj e s ty s a d v oc a t e i n 1 7 04 b u t a l l s e t a t l ib er t

, y ,
41 6 S ORCERY A ND M AGIC .

s a ve o n e w ho di ed in Pitte nw ee m B e a tie L a i ng d ied u nde

the r e st died mi s er a b l e a nd
.

s ired in her b ed in S t A n dre w s ; a ll

, , .

v io l e nt de a ths
S o sa y s M r G eorge S i nc l a ir w ho ha s ho w e ver o m
.

itt ed t o
infor mu s o f the m
.
, , ,

o st fright fu l p a rt o f thi s story J a n et C orn

f oot o ne o f the per s o ns a cc u s ed m a de her e s c a e f ro mpri so n
.

p
b u t she w a s rec a ptu re d a nd brou ght b a ck to P itte n w ee mw here
, , ,

f a l l i ng i nto the h a nd s o f a ferocio u s m

, , ,

ob the y pe l ted her w ith

s to ne s s w u ng her o n a rope e x te nded fro m
,

,
a ship t o the shore ,

a nd a t l e n gth t a n end to her su ff eri n g s b y thro w i n g a door

p u
o v er her a s she l a e x h a u s te d o n the b e a ch a nd he a pi n g s to ne s
y
T hi s w a s the w o m
,

o n it ti l l sh e w a s pre ss ed to de a t h a n w ho

died in P itte n w ee m T he m
.
,

a ccordi ng to S i nc l a ir a gi str a te s

ha d m a de no a tte m pt t o re sc u e t he m i ser a bl e w o m a n f ro m he
.
,

t
h a nd s o f her torm e n tors a nd the y w ere no w vio l e ntly a tt a c k e d
i n pri nt fo r their co nd u ct a nd w ere a s w a r m l y de fe nded b y s o m
,

,
e
a d voc a te s T he a git a tio n o n the su bj ect o f the u nio n w ith Eng
l a nd co ntrib u ted to the i m p u nity w ith w h ich the m
.

u rderer s e s

c a ped B u t the co ntro v er sy it oc c a s io ne d j oi n ed w ith the ho r

r o r w hich s u ch a b a rb a ro u s o u tr a ge e x cited te n ded m
.
,

ore th a n ,

a ny thi ng e l s e t o ope n peop l e s e y e s in S cot l a n d to the a b s u rdity

a nd w icked ne ss o f the pro s ec u tio n s fo r w itchcr a ft I t requ ired

h o w e ver a few m ore i ns ta nce s re m
.
,

a rk a b l e chie y fo r their a h
s u rdity t o bri n g the m
, ,

e ntire ly i nto d i s cre d it I n 1 7 1 8 a c a rpe nter

in the s hire o f C a ith n e s s na m ed W i ll i a mM o nt g o m
, .
,

,
er y w a s i nf e s te d ,

a t n ight w ith c a t s w hich a ccordi ng to t he e vide n c e o f hi s s e r

v a nt m s poke a m ong the m
, ,

a id
-
s e l ve s a nd i n a v io l e nt a tt a ck

u po n the mw ith e v ery w e a po n w ithi n his re a ch he i nicted per

, ,

Tw o w om
,

s o na l i nj u ry to a v er y co ns ider a b l e e x te nt e n w er e .

b e l i e ved t o ha ve die d in co n s equ e nce o f the s e i nj u rie s a nd a

t hird in a w e a k s t a t e w a s i m pri s o n ed a nd co m
,

, ,
pe ll ed to co nfe s s
n o t o nly t h a t she w a s o n e o f t h e o ff e n di ng c a t s b u t to dec l a r e
a g a i ns t a nu m
,

ber o f her co nfeder a te s in w itchc r a ft A cen .

t u ry e a rl ier no dou bt thi s conf e s s io n w o u l d h a v e bee n fa t a l t o

mo st o f t he ol d w o men in the n eighborhood ; b u t ti me s w ere
,

ch a nged a nd the l ord a d voc a te o n bei ng a ppl ied to p u t a s top

I n 1 72 0 s o m e o ld w o m
, , ,

t o a ll fu rther proceedi ng s e n o f C a l der

w ere i m
.
,

pri so ned fo r cert a i n pr et e n ded s o rcerie s e x erci s ed o n a

bo y the s o n o f J a m
, e s L ord T o r p ichen b u t the o i cer s o f the
, ,

cro w n w ou l d not proc eed t o a tri a l Y et t w o y e a r s l a ter a poor

w om
.
,

a n w a s b u r nt a s a w itch in t h e co u nt y o f S u ther l a n d b y or ,

d er o f t he sheri ff C a pt a i n Da v id R o ss o f L ittl ede a n

, T hi s w a s , .
 W IT C H C RAFT IN T H E ISLAND M A GEE . 41 7

the l a st s e ntenc e of de a th for w itchcr a ft t h a t w a s e v er p a ss e d

in S cotl a nd .

I t a ppe a r s th a t in I re l a n d the l a w a g a i nst w itchcr a ft ha s n e v er

b ee n repe a l ed a circ u m s ta n ce th a t c a n o nly be e x p l a i n ed o n t h e
,

su ppo s itio n tha t s i nc e w itchcr a f t beg a n t o f a ll into d i s credit it ha s

n e v er or v ery r a re ly b ee n a ppe a l e d to I n 1 7 1 1 t here occ u rred

a c a s e o f w itchcr a ft a m
, , .
,

ong the S cotti sh pre sb yt eri a ns o f t he

i sl a nd M a gee in Ul ster w hich e x cited so m u ch i ntere st a t l e a s t
am
, , ,

o ng the peopl e o f th a t pers u a s io n th a t it ha s bee n pri nted o v er

a nd o ver a g a i n the edition I h a ve be fore m
,

ebe a ri ng d a te in 1 8 22
u p w a rd o f o ne h u ndred y e a r s a fter th a t o f the e v e n t it co m me m
, ,

or a te s T here i s s o m ethi ng pec u l i a rly I ri sh in the s tory it is a

h ou s e o r r a ther a fa m
.

ily h a u nted b y a S pirit s e nt b y w i t che s

M r s A nt e H a t t r id g e w a s the w ido w o f the pre sby teri a n m
, , .

i ni s
t er o f the di s trict j u s t m
.

e ntion ed a nd w a s l i v in g w ith her s o n

Ja m e s H a t t r idg e A t the b egi nn i ng o f S epte m
, ,

. ber 1 7 1 0 the , ,

ho u s e bega n to be di stu rbed b y a n i nvi s ibl e vi s iter w ho thre w ,

s to n e s a nd tu rf a bo u t p u ll ed the pi ll o w s a n d bed c l othe s o ff the

,
-

bed a nd p l a y ed a v a riety o f other di s a gree a b l e pr a nk s O nc e

, .

it a ppe a red in the sh a pe o f a ca t w hich the y ki ll ed a nd thre w ,

i nto the y a rd b u t w he n the y l ooked fo r t he bod y it ha d d is a p

m
,

p e ar e d T here w a s l itt l e re a rk a b l e fo r s e v er a l d a y s a fter

u nl e s s it w ere th a t her c a n e w o u l d be t a ke n a w a y a nd be m
.
,

is
s i n g s e v er a l d a y s together ; u nti l the 1 1 t h o f Dece m
,

ber 1 7 1 0 , ,

w he n the a fore s a id M r s H a t t r id e w a s s itti n g a t the k itche n re

g .
,
in the e ve ni ng b efore d a yl ight goi ng a l ittl e b o y (a s s h e a nd the -

am
,

s er v a n t s s u ppo s ed
) c e i n a n d s a t do w n be s id e her h a vi ng a n ,

o l d b l a ck b o nnet o n hi s he a d w ith s hort b l a ck h a ir a h a l f w or n -

b l a nket a bo u t himtra i l i ng o n the gro u nd behi n d him a nd a tor n

, ,

b l a ck ve s t u nd er it H e s ee m
, ,

ed to be a bo u t t en o r t w e l v e y e a r s
o ld b u t he s ti ll co v ered hi s fa ce ho l di ng h is a r mw i th a piece
.

, ,

o f the b l a nket be fore it S hede s ired to s eehis fa ce b u t he took no

T he n she a s ked hi ms e ver a l q u e s t io ns ; v iz if
.

n otice o f her

he w a s col d o r h u ngry ; if he w ou l d h a v e a ny m
. .
,

e a t : w here he
ca m e fro ma nd w hither he w a s goi ng T o w hi ch he m a de n o

m
, .

a ns w er b u t getti n g u d n ced er y i b ly l e a pi n g higher th a n

, p a v n , ,

u su a l a nd the n r a n o u t o f the ho u s e a s fa r a s t he en d o f the

g ar

d en a n d s o m eti m
,

e s i nto the co w hou s e the s er v a n ts ru nn i ng a f -

ter himt o s ee w here he w o u l d g o b u t s oo n l o s t s ight o f him

, ,

b u t w he n the y retu rned he w o u l d be c l o s e a fter the min t he

,

hou s e w hich he did a bo ve a do z e n ti m

,

e s A t l a s t the l ittl e girl

s eei ng her m a s ter s dog co m i ng in s a id No w m m a s t er is co m
, .
,

y
ing he w i ll t a ke a co u r s e w ith thi s trou b l es o m
, ,

, e cre a tu re u p on
418 S O RC ERY A ND M A G IC .

w hich he i m medi a t el y w e nt a w a y a nd trou bl ed themno mo re

ti ll the m
,

o nth o f F ebr u a ry
O n the 1 1 t h o f F ebru a ry a v o l u m e o f s er m
,

o ns th a t M r s H a t , .

r idge w a s re a di ng s u dde nly di s a ppe a red i n a n u na cco u nt a b l e

ma nner Ne xt d a y the a pp a ritio n form erly m e ntio n ed c a m
,

.
,e ,

to the ho u s e a nd a fter h a vi ng broke n a q u a rry o f gl a s s in the

,

k itche n w i ndo w o n the s ide o f the ho u s e ne xt the ga rde n he

thru s t in his a r mw ith the book in h is h a nd O pe n a nd e n tered
, , ,

into a co nfere n ce w ith a gi r l o f the ho u s e c a ll ed M a rg a re t S p e a r , ,

the p a rtic u l a r s o f w hich a r e a s foll o w s

A pp a r it io n Do yo u w a nt a book . .

G i r l No
co m
. .

App a r H o w e y to l ie fo r thi s is the b ook w hi ch the ou ?

ol d g entl e w o m
.

a n w a nted ( lo s t
) y e s terd a y
G ir l H o w c a m
.

e yo u b y it
.

A pp a r I w e n t do w n q u ietly t o t h e p a rl or w he n yo u w ere
.
,

a ll i n the ki t che n a n d fo u nd it ly i ng u po n a s he l f w ith a b ib l e

, ,

a nd a p a ir o f s pect a c l es
Gir l Ho w cam
.

e it th a t yo u did no t t a ke the B ib l e too

.

A pp a r I t w a s too he a vy to c a rry
fo r m m
. .

G ir l W i ll yo u gi v e it b a ck
.
y i s tre ss c a n t w a nt i t

an
y l o nger .

A pp a r No she sh a ll ne v er get it a g a i n
.
, .

G i r l C a n yo u re a d o n it ?
.

App a r Y es . .

G ir l W ho t a u ght yo u I
'

m
.

A pp a r The de vi l t a u ght e
m m
. .

G i r l T he L ord b l e s s
. e f ro thee ! thou h a st g ot i ll l e a r
( l ea r n i n
g)
me
.

A pp a r A y , b l e s s y o u r s e l f t w e nty ti
. s, b u t th a t sh a ll no t
sav e y ou .

G ir l y doWha t
to u s
( M r H w g i ll
a t t r id es s o n a bo u t ou

ight y e a rs o f a g e w a s w ith her a t the ti m

. .
,

e) , .

Upo n w hich it pu ll ed o u t a s w ord a n d thru st it in a t the w in

d o w a nd s a id i t w o u l d ki ll a l l in the ho u s e w ith th a t s w ord ; a t
M eg l et u s go i nto the roo ma nd b a r t he
,

w hich the chi l d s a id , ,

d oor f o r fe a r it sho u l d ki ll u s w hich the y did ; the n it j eered

the m s a y i ng No w yo u thi nk yo u a r e sa fe e no u gh b u t I l l get

, ,

, , ,

et

in

t
.

at w ay ? fo r w e h a v e the s treet door sh u t -

co m
.

A pp a r I ca n e in b y the l e a s t ho l e in the hou s e , l ik e a

mo m m
.

ca t or u s e ,
fo r the de vil ca n a ke e a ny thi ng I p l e a s e .
 T H E TR O UBLES O ME VI SITER . 41 9

G ir l G o d b l e s s
. e f ro m m
thee , fo r tho u a r t no e a rthly cre a
t u re if you ca n do th a t .

Upo n w hich it took u p a s to n e o f co n s ider a b l e b i g ne s s , a n d

thre w it in a t the p a rl or w i ndo w , w hich u po n t ri a l cou l d no t b e
-

p u t o u t a t the s a e p l m
a c e , a n d the n w e nt a w a y fo r a l i tt l e ti e m
m
.

A l ittl e a fter , the girl a nd o ne o f t he chi l dr en c a e o u t o f the

a r l or t o the kitche n , a n d l ooki ng o u t o f the w i n do w w the
p , s a

a pp a riti o n c a tchi n g a tu rke y cock , w hich he thre w o ver hi s sho u l

-

m
der , ho l di ng hi by the t a i l ; a nd the cock a ki n g a gre a t s plu t m
m
ter w ith h is feet , the book before e ntio ned w a s , a s the y tho u ght,
s p u rred o u t o f the l oop o f the b l a n ket he ha d a bou t h i ; b u t he , m
t a ki ng no notice , r u n a l o ng the s ide o f the h ou s e , a n d l e a ped ,
w ith the cock o n h is b a ck , o v er a w a ll a t the w e s t end o f the
g a rde n, l e a pi ng a gre a t de a l higher th a n the w a ll The girl , .

thi nki ng thi s a good opport u n ity to get the book , to l d M r s H a t .

t r id g e; Upo n w hich she, w ith the gir l a n d a l ittl e b o , w e nt to the

y
g a rde n, a n d got the book , w ithou t a ny h a r do ne t o it A t the m
m m
.

sa e ti e th ey l ooked a bo u t the ga rde n a nd e l d s a djoi n i n g , b u t

co u l d s ee nobody T here w a s no other per s on a bo u t the hou s e
m
.

a t th a t ti e e x c ept chi l dre n A l ittl e a ft er , the girl w e nt to t he

m
.

w i ndo w in the p a rl or , a n d l ooki ng o u t o f the ea s e en t , s a w the

a pp a r itio n a g a i n , w i t h the t u rke y cock ly i ng o n it s b a ck be f ore
-

m
h i , he e nde a vori ng to get his s w ord dr a w n to ki ll it , a s she a p
p rehe n ded b u t the cock g o t a w a y I t the n l ooked for the boo k
m
.
,

i n the l oop o f the b l a n ket , a nd i s s i n g it , a s she a pprehended ,

thre w a w a y the b l a nk et , a nd r a n n i bly u p a nd do w n u p o n the m
s e a rch fo r it . m
A l ittl e a fter , it c a e b a ck w ith a c l u b , a nd brok e
the gl a ss o f the s ide w i ndo w in the p a rl or , a nd the n w e nt to the
end w i ndo w , thro u gh w hich the gir l w a s l ook i n g , a n d p u ll ed o ff
m
the ea s e en t gl a ss (no t l e a vi n g o ne w hol e qu a rry in it ), a n d l e ft
it ly i n g o n the s o u th s ide o f the ga rde n A l ittl e a fter , the girl .

v e ntu red to l ook o u t o f the broke n w i ndo w , a nd s a w it a s it w ere

diggi ng n e a r the end o f the ho u s e w ith the s w ord S he a s ke d .

H e a n s w ered , M a ki ng a gr a ve

w h a t he w a s doi ng ?
m
.

G ir l F o r w ho ?
m
.

A pp a r F or a corp s e w hich w i ll co e ou t o f thi s hou s e v ery

.

s oo n .

G ir l W ho w i ll it be ?
m ter ho m
.

A p p a r I 11 no t t e ll you th a t y et Is y ou r e

. . as at

G ir l Y es . .

A pp a r H o w ca n you l ie ? he is
. a bro a d ,
a nd is de a d fou r tee n
da ys g a o .

G ir l . Of w h a t s ic k ne ss d id he d ie
4 20 S ORCEBY AND M A GI C .

App a r I ll no t te ll yo u tha t
.

.

A fter thi s it w e nt o ver the hedge a s if it ha d b ee n a b ird
S om e pers o ns o f the neighborhood c a m e in im media tel y
,

y i ng
a fter a nd b ei ng to l d m
.

a de a di l ige nt s e a rch b u t n othi n g co u l d

(Th u s it co nti nu ed fro meight in the m

, , ,

b e s ee n or ni ng ti ll t w o
o r three i n the a ft er n oo n thro w i n g a gre a t m
.

a n y s to n e s t u r f etc
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.
,

in a t t he w i ndo w s to the gre a t t error o f tho s e in the ho u s e
,
.

Not l o n g a fter thi s o l d M r s H a t t r id g e w a s ta k e n i ll a nd

died B u t the spirit sti ll h a u nted the ho u s e a nd torm
.
,

e nted a
v e o f the fa m o ha d co m
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y o u n g l a d y a re l a ti i ly w h e to l i v e th ere

M a ry Du nb a r fo r thi s w a s h er na m
.
, ,

e w a s s ei z ed w ith a s tr a ng e
'

di s e a s e o n t he 2 8 t h o f F ebru a ry a cco m
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p a nied w ith t s in the , ,

co u r s e o f w hich she ha d t he s pectr a l v i s ion a s it w a s c a ll ed o f

cert a i n w o m
, ,

e n o f the n eighborhood w ho she sa id ha d s e nt

thither the torm e nti n g spirit A ll the oth er sy m pt o m
, ,

. s u s u a lly

e xhibi t ed b y pers o ns be w itched fo ll o w ed in d u e co u rs e a nd s ev

er a l per s o ns w ho msh e a cc u s ed in her tr a nce s w ere t a k e n into
,

c u stod y a nd i m pri so n ed a t C a rrickf er gu s to a w a it their t ri a l

The j u ry brou ght the min g u i l ty b u t the y a ppe a r no t t o h a v e
.

b ee n e x ec u ted .

Fro mthi ti me i E rope t l e t orce y d mgic hol d

s n u a as s r an a no
p l ce i he hi tory f m ki d T he mgici d i p
, ,

l o ger
n a a n t s o an n a an sa

m
.

p e e
ar d ore r pid ly th the waitch b e e hean be l o ged to t h e c au s n
more
,

cl a ss o f ociety i w hich the progre

s n f i te ll ige ce w ss o n n as

decided ; b t w e h e ee th t u the git tio w hich bro gh t

av s n a as a a n u

it i to i m l o ger be mde
,

n port ce b ided an d it co l d su s an u no n a a

e f l i tr m re l igio w rf re orce y b ec m
,

u s u e t i po l itic l
ns u n n a e
or u s a a s r a

more tri i l d ridic l o i it det il ti l it w di c rded

,

v a an u u s n s a s, u n as s a
eev n a mo g the l g rn vu a .

THE EN D .
 A CA T A LO GU E
OP

B OOKS,
IPUIBILIISIE D IBY d1
IEH . 8 . FIIIBILIID
IBEIID ,

C LI NT O N H A L L, N . Y .

A ND F O R SA L E B Y M O ST B O OKSELL ER S I N TH E U NI TED STATES,

T H E P I O T O R I A L B I B L E,
Pr ice Six Doll ar s .

T mPi: ct o r ial B ib l e, b eing t heOl d a nd Ne w Test a e m

nt s , accor d ing t o
t he a u t hor iz e d v er sion : illu st r a t ed w it h m
or et h a n o ne t ho u s an d e n

g r a ving s, r ep r esent i ng t heH ist o r ic al Ev ent s a f ter celeb r a t ed p ict u r es

t heL a nd sca p e S cenes f r o m
or igi n al d r a w i ng s or fr o a u t he m
nt ic e u

g r a ving s a n d t he su b j ect s o f N a t u r a l H ist or . Cost u

y e a n d A nmt iq u i
m m
,

t ies, fr o t he b e st so u r c e s .W it h a n eleg a nt ly engr a ved F a ily

Recor d , a nd a new a nd a u t hent ic M a p of Pa lest ine .

W e ha ve s el d omseen a me or a t t r a ct iv ew or k , a nd ha ve no d o u b t t ha t

t heco st of t heent er p ri sew ill b esu st a ined b y a l ar g ecir cu l a t io n.

m
Thet yp eis f ai r a nd ha nds o e, a nd t he e ng r a v ing s a r e s e l ect a nd e xe
cu t e m
d r e a r k a b l y w ell
m
They a r e s o nu er o u s a nd g ood , as t o b e in t he m
m
m
.

se l ves a co Chn st i a a R e ect or

ent a r y
m
. .

It s a b u nd a nt a nd b e a u t ifu l ill u st r a t i ons a da t it f o r a Fa ily Bib l e, a nd
w ill m a k eit hig hl y int e re st i ng t o t heyo u ng .

p M at ia s Re g i st er .

It is a su p er b p u b l ica t ion Z i on s H e r a ld

. .

The eng r a ving s a r e execu t ed in a ne st yl eo f t h e a r t , a nd t he p a per

m
a nd t het yp ea r ea ll t h a t t h e o st f as t i di ou s e yecou l d w h ey H ia watha !

T H E P IO T O R I A L N E W T E S T A M E N T ,
Pr ice O neDoll ar a nd F ift y Cent s .

T H E P IO T O R I A L N E W T E S T A M E N T ,

A N D T H E B O O K O F PS A LM S .

Pr ice Tw o Doll ar s .
 F or S ch o ols , A ca m
d e i cs. a nd S el f -I ns t r u ct i o n

TH E

A M ER IC A N D RA W I NG -
BO O K .

B Y J OH N G . C H A PM A N, N . A .

Ta ts W OR K w ill b e p u b lished in PA R T s in t heco u r se o f w hich

PR I II A R T I NsTR UC TI O Ns A ND R U D M ENTS O P D R A W N I I G :

D R AW N I G P R O II NA T UR E M A T ER I A Ls A ND M ET H O D S :

PERs PEc TI V E co u r o s I T I O N LA ND sc A P E P I G U R Es, ETC 3

D RA W NI G A s A PP LI C A BL E To T H E M EC H A NI C
. A R TS :

PA I NT I NG I N O I L A ND W A T ER co LO R s
'

T II E P R I NC I PL Es O P L I G H T A ND S H A D E :

EXT E R NA L A NA T O M Y O F T H E H U M A N F O R M , A ND C O M PA R A T I VE
A NA T O M Y :

I
T H E VA R O US M ET H O D S O F ET C H I NG , G
EN R A V N I G , M O D ELL N I G . Et c
.

W ill b esev er a lly t rea t ed , sep a r a t e ly ; so t ha t . a s f a r a s p r a ct i ca b le, ea ch

P a r t w ill b e co m p l et e in it s elf a n d fo r in t hem W h o l e a M a nu a l o
f
m m
, , ,

I nf or a t ion s u cicnt f o r a ll t he p u r p oses of t he A a t eu r , a nd B a si s

e ro e a l A r t is t a s w e a s a v a l u a b le A ssist a nt
o
f S t u dy
f or t h P f ss io n l l
m
,

t o Te a che r s i n P u b l ic a n d Pr iva t eS choo ls t o w ho it is esp ecial ly

re co mm end ed , as a w o r k d est ined t o p r o d u ce a r evo l u t i o n in t he sys o

m
t e o f p o p u la r ed u ca t io n b y m
a k ing t he A r t s O f De sig n a cce ssib l e

m m m
,

a nd f a ilia r t o a ll , fr o t he concise a nd int elligib le a nne r in w hich

t he s u b j ect is t r ea t e d t hr o u g ho u t .

The w a nt of s u ch a w or k , ha s b een t he g r ea t c a u seo f neg l e ct in t his

m
i p o r t a nt b r a nch o f ed u ca t io n ; a nd t his w a nt is a t o nce a nd f u lly su p
p lied b y t b e
A M E R IC A N DRA W ING - BO O K
u p o n w hich M r C H A P M A N ha s b een fo r yea r s eng a g ed ; a nd it is no w
.

o d u ced w it ho u t reg a r d t o ex p en s e in a l l it s d et a ils , a nd p u b lished at

p r

m
. ,

a p r icet o p eit w it hin t he ea ns O f ev er y o ne

v la c

m
.

T he W o r k w ill b e p u b lished in l a r g eq u a r t o for p u t u p in su b st a n

m
,

t i al co v er s, a nd iss u ed a s r a p id ly a s t he ca r ef u l ex ec u t io n of t he nu er
ou s e n g r a ving s a nd t he m
echa nica l p er fect io n O f t heW hole, w ill a llow
m
,

G A ny o ne PA R T a y b eha d sep a r a t e

ly

P r i c e 5 0 C en t s ea c h P a r t .

[3 T '
he D R A W I N G C O P Y -B O O
K S , int en d ed as a u x iliar y
t o t heW o r k i n a ssist ing T ea cher s t o ca r r
.
y o u t t hesy st e o f inst r u ct io n, m
m
es peci a lly in t he Pr i a r y a nd E le en t a r y p a r ts , fo r m a ne w a nd v al u m
ab le a d d it i n t o t he m
o ea ns o f inst r u ct io n . They w ill b e so ld a t a cost
lit t le b eyo nd t ha t of o r dina r y b la nk b
oo k s.
 TH E WO RK S
E D G A R A L L A N P O E:
WIT H NOT ICES OF HIS L IFE AND GENIUS ,

B Y J R L OW E L L, N P
. . . . W ILLIS , A ND R . W . GR I S W O L D .

b i t w o Volu me s, 12 mmw it h , a PO R T R A I T OP T EE AU T HOR .

PR I C E, T w o DO LLA R s A ND Fi n ! C EN T s .

NO TI C ES O I" TU E PRES S .

The e d i t ion is p u b lished f o r t he b ene t o f his o t he r ln l a w , Mr s Ma r ia m

mm m
- -
.

Cle , fo r
w h osesa k ew e a y w ish it t he f u lle st su cce It h o w e ve r , de
m
ss
m
.

se r ve s, an d w ill u nd o u b t e d l y O b t a i n, a l a r g ecir cu l a t i on f r o t hed e sir eso a ny

w ill feel t o l a y b y a mm
e o r ia l of this si n gu l a r l y gif t ed w r i t e r a n d u nf o r t u na t e
m m
-

Phila delp lt ia. Nor t h A e r ica n

"
an

m
. .

Po es w r it in gs a r e d i st in gu ish ed for vi g or ou s a nd

inu t e a nal ysis , a n d
m m
t h eskill w i t h w hi ch h e h a s e p l o yed t hest r a n g e f a sc ina t io n o f
ter r o r Ther eis a n a ir o f r ea lit y in al l his n a r r a t i o ns a d w ellin g u p on a r t ic
y st er y and

m
.

u l ar s, a n d a f a cu l t y o f in t e r e st in y o u in t he su ch a s is p osse sse d y f ew
g
w r i t er s ex cep t t h ose w h o ar e gi vin g t heir o w n in di vi d u al exp er ie n ces Th e
m m
.

re ad e r ca n sca r c e l y div est hi s in d , ev e n in r e a din g t he o st f an cif u l o f hi s

st or ie s, t h a t t h ee ve n t s o f i t h a v en o t a ct u a ll y occu r r e d , a n d t hech ar act er s ha d
a re al e xi sten ce

Phi la d elp hi a Le dg e r

m
. .

W e need n ot sa y t ha t t hese v olu es w ill b ef ou nd r ich in int ell ect u a l

m
exci te en t s, an d a b ou n d in g in r e ar k a b le sp eci ens of vi g or ou s, b ea u ti f u l, m m
a n d hi g hl y su g gest i ve c o p o si t io n ; t he m
y a r e all t ha t r e ains t o u s o f a an

m m
w h oseu n co on g e mm
ni u s it w ou l d b ef oll y t o d e ny N Y Tr ib u ne
m
. . . .

Mr Po es in tell ect u a l ch a r a ct er his geni u s is st a p ed u p on a ll hi s p r od u c

m
.

t ion s, a n d w e sh a l l p l ace t hesehis w o r ks in t h eli b r ar y a ong t h o seb o ok s no t

t o b ep a r t e d w it h

N Y Co e
r ci a l A dve r t i se
r mm
m
. . .

Thesew o r k s h a v ea fu ner eal ca s t a s w ell in t he e la nch o l y p o r t r a i t p r e

xed a nd t he ti t le
, as in t he t hr ee p a llb ea r ing e di t o r s w h o a cc o p a n y t he m m
in p u b lic They a r e t h e e o r ia l o f a sin g u l a r mm an , p osse sse d p er h a p s o f as m
m m m
.

g r ea t er e li ter a r y in g enu ity a n d ech a ni cal d exter i t y o f st yl e an d ana g e

m en t as an y t h e cou n t r y h as p r o d u ced S o e o f t het a l es in t hecoll ect ion m
m m
.

a r eas co p l et ea n d a d ir a b lea s a nyt hi n g of t he ir kind in t he l ang u a g e .

mlet e m t t l ent ed n d ing

me t hed y M P ew geni b t n e t i ne
A co ll ect i on of t h e w or k s o f oneof t he os a a
met
co s u
l h ew
lm t
ar n 0 a r o as a u s, u a rr a c o a s a co
mete ot t
. .

i e ll y yn t het i
n Hi g e
n ni w th t
s ar nt di ti n f u s as a a os r a
t e m n n l yt i ge
or a or , a or su . s co c o o
Ge i ne b t P ew
l d b illy p
s, a ni ni c u n v r sa s c
em
r a a u s. u s s ar u o as
a n e e pt i n t
xc ll le oH ew o a ru b i kl ye b il d
s . ou u u a o as a r c a r u s a
w ll ;
a t he h ew
or r a ld b egi t t he t p n d il d d w w d t t heb e; a n ar
ld mn et b e t h e t heb e t h
r ou n a o u o o as
d et i t t he em m f t
,
ed hew
e A d t hi p t p men t et h t t hep em
an , n o o so a nu acu r , ou a o r a r a
o f n ed t h t it w sn tac ll r ov a a ac u r a
t in t h e m
. a as o u o
w l t e t in d eg ee g w t h
o a c r a e l p l n t t kin g in d

as a s o , r , a r o , a r a a , a r oo ,
nd w t e e d b y t he p f h e l d yP t "
a a r g t S t s r in s o so u a ur a os

W eh e j t p en t med elig ht f l h
. .

av u s s i l k ing e t h ee t w
so l u ou r s n oo ov r s o vo
me w hi h nt i n one f t hem t p le i g d dit i n t li t e t ew i t h
em l n g t im
s, c co a o os as n a o s o ou r r a u r
mp i e t hew k f t h e l t e
u
w hi h w e h
c et f

av e They or a
Ed g a r A Poe p ieces w hich f o r yea r s h a v e b een g o ing t he r o u n d s O f t h e
.
o . co r s or s o a

re ss, a n d a r eno w r st co ll e cted w he n t he ir a u t h o r is b ey on d t h e r ea c h of

hm p r a ise W e f eel , h o w ever , t h a t t hese p r od u ct ions w ill li ve They

m
u ar . .

b e a r t hest e of t r u e e ni u s ; a n d if t h eir r ep u t a t io n b egin s w i t h a t an

g
en cet hou g h ew , t hec i r cl ew ill b econ st a nt l y w i denin g , a nd t hey w ill r et a in a

p r o min en t p la cein ou r li t er a t u r e
R ev D r K ip . . .
 IBE IIDF IIE ILIID S

FOUR SERIES OF T WEL VE BOOKS EACH,

B M W EW L LW n u n au i . m m mm
FR O M D ES I G NS B Y J . G C H A PM A N .

F ir S er i es P r i ce O n e C en t .
st
1 To m m Thu b s Pict u r e Al p ha b et , in Rh y e

m
m
. .

2 Rh y es f o r t he Nu r ser y
m m
. .

3 Pr et t y Rh y es a b o u t Bir d s a n d An i a l s, f or li t tl e Bo ys and Gir ls

m m m
. .

4 . Lif e on t he Far , in A u sing Rh y e .

5 . The S t o r y Bo ok f or G o o d Lit t l e Gir l s

-
.

6 . The Bea co n , o r W a r nin g s t o Th ou ht l ess Boys .

7 . The Pict u r e Bo ok , w i t h St o r ies in s a y W o r d s , f or Li t tl e Read er s.

8 Th e Lit t l e Sk et ch Boo k , o r Usef u l O b j ect s Illu s t r a ted
m m
-
. .

9 Hist o o f Do est ic Ani a l s

m
. .

10. The u seu o f Bir d s .

11. The Lit t l e Keep sa k e, a Poeti c Gift f o r Chil dr e n .

12. The Bo o k of t he Sea , f or t he Inst r u ct ion of Litt le Sail or s .

S eco n d S er i es P r i c e T w o C en t s .
1 The A B C in V
er se, f or Y o u n Lear ner s
m m
. .

2 Fi u r es in Ver se, a n d Si p le y ca , f or Lit t le Lear ners

g
. .

3. Ri d les f o r t he Nu r ser y .

The C hil d s S t o r y Bo o k

4
m m
-
. .

5. Th e C hri st as Dr ea o f Lit tl e Char le s .

6 The Bask et of S t r a w b er r ie
m
s
m
. .

7 S t o r y f o r t he Fou r t h o f J u l a n Ep it o e of A e r ican Hist or y

m
.

8. The Tw o Fr iend s, a n d Ki n Lit t l e J a es .

9. The W a g o n Bo y, o r Tr u st in Pr o vid
-

10 Pa u lin a a n d H er Pet s
m m
. .

11 Si Is Poe s f o r Inf a nt Min d s

m
. .

12 Lit u e Poe s f or Lit t le C hild r en .

mm
T h i r d S er i es P r i ce F o u r C en t s .
l The Al p h a b et in e
y m m
. .

2 The Mu l t ipl ica t io n q a b l e in Rhy e , f o r Y o u n g Ar i t h et icia ns.

m
.

3 The Pr a ct i cal J o k e, o r t he C h r is t as St o r y o f Uncle Ne d

m
. .

4 Li t t l e G eor ge, o r Te t i ti on R esist ed

p
m
. .

5 The Yo u n A r i t h et ici a n, o r t he Rew ar d of Per se ve r an ce

m
. .

6 . The Tr a ve er s S t o r y, o r t h e ill a ge Bar R o o

V -
.

7 The S a g a cit y a n d In t ell ig en ce o f t he H o r se .

8 . The Y o u n S a il o r , o r t h e Sea Lif e o f To w Bow line o

.

9 The Sel s G ir l, a Ta l e o f Tr u t h
m
. .

10 . Ma nu a l o r Fin g er A l ha b et , u sed b y t heDeaf a nd Du b .

11 The S t o r y B o o k in er se
m
-
.

12 The Fl o w er -
V
a se, or Pr et t y Poe s f o r Go od li t t l e Chil dr e n

S e ie
. .

Fou r t h P i e S ix
r s r c C en t s .
w The Bo ok Fa b les, in Pr o se a nd
of er se V
mm
p The Lit t l e C ask et , ll ed w it h Pl ea s an t S t o r ies
m m
H o e Pa s t i es, or En ig a s, Ch a r a d es, Reb u ses, Con u n d r u s, et c
a The J u v enile S u nd a y Boo k , a d a t ed t o t h eI p r o v e e n t o f t heY ou ng m
.

m
m .

m
-

mp W ill ia Sea t on a nd t he Bu t t e r w i t h i t s Int er esti n Hi st o

The Y o u n g Gir l s Bo ok o f H ea l f u l A u se en t s a n Ex er

m m
mq Theo d o r e C a r let o n, o r Per sever a n ce a g a ins t Ill -Fo r t u ne
Th e A v ia r y , o r C h ild s Bo o k o f Bi r d s

e The Ju ngle, or C h ild s Bo o k o f W il d Ani a l s

.

m .
.

[ 0 S a g a c it y a n d Fid el i
. o f t he Do g , Illu st r a t ed b y In ter est in g Ane cd ot es
l 1 C o ver in g s f or t he sa d a nd Fe et , in a ll A g es a n d C ou n t r ies
m m
. .

12 Ro an ce o f India n Hi st o r y, or Incident s in t h eEar l y Se

. t t le ent s .
 22
3 m33
, 2111113111, unit aniq mwt k
in .

J US T C O M PL E T ED ,

EPISODES or INSECT LIFE,

B Y A C H ET A DO M ES TI C A .

IN THREE SERIES, BEAUT IFULL Y ILL UST RAT ED,

I . I NSECTS O F SPR I N G .

I I . INSECTS O F S U M M ER .

II I . I NSEC TS O F W INTER .

Each Vol u me mpl et ei

co n I t se
lf Pr ice

so me eleg ,
a n t ly col or ed a
f ter N o t/ w e, ma ki n
g a

su p e
r b G
f s/
t B ook f t heB elg/ d ay s
or .

Pa t on
p e
r Vol u e m .

OP I N I O NS O F TH E PR ESS .

m
Thesevol u es ar ehighl y cr edi t a b l et o A e

m
r ica n t a st ein e ve r y de p ar t en t of b ook m
m a k in g m
it is i p ossi b l et o g ivea n i d ea o f t he p er f ec t io n o f w o r k a nship a n d t h ea d m
m ir a b lek eep in g o f p a r t s t hey ex hi b it In o r d er t o a pp r eci a t e t his, one
m m m
.

v o lu es, a n d h a v in g se en t he , h ew il l a t o ncet r a n si er t he t o his ow n t a b le, f or t he

m m
in st r u ct i o n a n d a u se en t o f old a n d y ou n g

N Y O b ser ve r
m
. . . .

Mo t h s, g l o w w o r s, l a d y b ir d s, Ma y ies, b ees a n d a v a r i et y o f o t her inh a b it a n t s o f

m m
. - -
,

t h einsect w o r ld , a r ed esca n t e d u on in a p lea sin g st y l e, co b ini n g scient i c inf o r a t i on

m
w i t h r o a n ce, in a a nn em
r pe cu
a r l y a t t r a ct i v e
'
"
Co er cia l A d ver t iser mm
m m
. .

The st yle is t h e f a r t hest p o ssib ler e o v e f r o p ed a nt r y a nd d u llness, ev er y p a ge

te a m s w it h d e l ig ht f u l m
att er , a nd t hew h o le is t h o r o u ghl y f u r ni she d w it h gr a ce a nd
b ea u t y , a s w ell a s t r u t h m
O negi vi n h i self o v er t o i t s f a scina t in cha r s, ig h t r ea d mm
m m g
.

il y b el i ev ehi sel f f a s t 6n t o t heher er s, if n o t in t h ever y i d st 0 f a ir y la n d

Roal e s .

W eh a ve in t his w o r k d e ep p hil oso p hy a n d a n en dl ess o w o f hu or , a n d less ons m

se t b e f o r e u s, d r a w n f r o m
a nt s, b eet l es, a n d b u t t er ies, w hich w e i g ht d o w ell t o p on m
d er \v eca n t h in k o f n o t hi ng m
o r e ca l cu la ted t o d e l i g ht t h e p a ssin ho u r t h a n t he
g
m
.

b ea u t if u l d elin ea t i ons w e nd in t heset h r e e o u es
v l Chr is ia n I
t n t ell zge
-
ncr r
m m m
. .

Thew h o lein sect w o r ld i s r ep r esen t ed in t hesev olu es, a ny o f t he d isg u ised so

as t o pr e se n t w ha t p oli t ici a n s w o u ld ca ll a co m m
p r o ise b et w een a hu an a n d a n insec t, m
W eco r d ia lly co mm m
end t hesev olu es t o t h ea t t en t i o n o f o u r r ea d er s Bost on M u seu . m .

A b o o k eleg a n t en ou h for t hecen t r e t a b l e, w it t y en ou g h f o r a f t er d inner , a n d W ise

en o u g h f o r t he st u d y a n t hesch o ol r o o m
O n eo f t heb ea u t if u l lessons of t his w o r k is
m
-
.

t hek ind l y vi ew it t a k es o f n a t u r e No t h in g is a d ein va in, n o t o nl y, b u t n o t h ing i s

m m
.

ade u g or r e i e i n a r ou n d e ve r y ob j e ct , a nd l if e su u se
g
l A h h

t w d
m
p u s v c a r
. s r o
t hr ou gh su gg e st i ve of t he C r e a t o r s g o od ne

s s a n d w isd o
"
N Y Eva ng elist
m men t
. . . .

W ha t a o nu is h er er a ised t o t h a t w on d er fu l , t in y r a ce, so o f t en d isr eg a r d ed.
m
b u t w hich never t heless a p l y r ep a y s t h e ca r e w e a y b est o w in st u d yin g t h eir p ecu m
li a r it ies Th ein t er es t o f t her ea d er o f t hesev ol u es is w ell su st a ined b y t hehu or m m

.

a n d sp r i gh t lin es s o f t h ew r it e Z io n s H e r a ld

r . .

I t is a b ea u t ifu l sp eci en o f b oo k ma k i ng m
Th ech a r a ct er o f t hec o nten t s a y he m
m
~
.

al r ea d y kn o w n t o o u r r e ader s fr o t h e l o n g a n d v er y f a v o r a b le a t t en t i o n t hey h a v er e
ce ived f r o m
t he English r eview e Theil lu st r a t i o ns a r ea t on ce g r o t esq u ea n d sig ni
B
rs .

ca n t . ost o n Post .

Theb o o k is o neo f esp ecial b ea u t y a n d u t il it y an d w ehear t i ly t ha nk t hep u b li sher

m
,

f o r h is en t er p r ise in p u t t in g i t w it hin t he r ea ch o f A er i can r ea d er s It i s w o r t h y o f a

m m
.

l e i eve r y fa il li b E l e t l il l u st r a t ed a n d h u u sl y ye t ch a st e l w r it
m
n n y
m
p a c y r a r y g a .
y o r o .

te n it is ca l cu la t e
. d t o a u sea i d inst r u ct a l l cl a s ses o f r ea d er s Co A dve r t ise r . . .
 J UST PUB LI SHED,
B: one Volu m
e l 2m
, o., clo t h, Pa t on

NIGHT SIDE OF NATURE -

GH OSTS A ND GH O ST 8 -
8 8 .

B Y C A TH ER INE C R O W E,
Ai r me n or -
s o ss n n o t La x ,

n u t DA W I O I

, m .

O PI NIO NS O F T H E PR ES S .

This b ook t r e a t s of all e g or ica l d r e m

s, p r e se nti m
ents , t r ance s,
m
a
t r ou b l e d sp ir it s, h a u n t ed h ou ses, et c , an d w ill b er e a d w i t h int e re st
m m m y an
.

b eca u se it co es fr o a sou r ce la yin cla i t o con si d er a b le t a le nt , and

w r it t e n b y onew h o r e a ll y b e g
lieves a ll s 6 sa ys, an d u r ges he r re asoning s w it h
oo d d e a l of m a n ce s A lb a ny A r g u s
m
a
g m
. .

t e b r ace s a v as t c oll e ct i on o f a r ve ll ou s a n d an t u r al st or ie s of su

e t l cu r r e n ce s ou t of th e o r d in cou r se0 e ve nt s N Y G lob e

m m
p r n a u r a o c . . . .

Miss Cr o w e has p r oved her self a a nd ost in d u st r i ou s co pila .

Sh ehas g a t h e re dm ate r ial s f r o m a n t i q u i t y a nd f r o mm od e mrn ti e s , a nd
g i v e s
t o Eng lish and A er i ca n r e m ad e r s t he g h ost -st or ie s t ha t u se d t o fr i ght en t he
e f G e e e a n d R m
o e as w e ll a s t h ose t ha t a cco m
m p li sh a si il a r m
m
y n o n s o r c
m
o u g ,

a n d in Ge an d o t he r cou n t r i e s of od e r n Eu r op e P B u ll e t in

an
r
y .

I t is w r it t en i n a p hil o sop hi ca l sp ir i t Phila de lp hia Cou r ie r

m
.

This qu eer v ol u eh as ex cit ed consid er a b l ea t t en t ion in Engl a nd I t is no t .

a ca t ch p e nny a ff ai r , b u t is a n int e llige n t inqu i r y in t o t h ea sse rte d fa ct s r e sp e ct

ing g h ost s a n d a par it ions, and a p sych ol o gical discu ssi on u p on t he r e

ason a
b le ne ss of a b e li e i n t he ir exist e nce Bost on Post
m
.

In t his r e ar k a b lew or k, Miss C r o w e, w ho w r it e s w i t h t h evig or a nd

of a w o m an o f st i n se n sea nd hi gh cu l t iv ati on, coll e c t s t he ost r e a r m la m
a nd b e st au t he nt icags a ccou nt s, t r a di ti ona l and r e co r d e d , of p r e t a xna t u r al vis

-

it a t i o ns a nd a p p ea r a n cea Bost o n Tr a nscr ip t

m
.

This is a cop iou s chr onicleof w h a t w ear e co p e ll e d to b e lievea u t he nt i c

inst a nces o f co mm u ni ca ti on b e twe m
en t he a t er ia l a n d sp ir it u al w o r l d I t is .

w r it t en in a cl ear , vig o r ou s, an d f r esh st yle , an d k e ep s th e r ea d er in a con

st an t e m
x cit e e nt , ye t w it h ou t r e so r t ing t o cl a p t r a
Do y Boole
g
-

Theb ook is til led w it h f act s, w hich ar e n o t t o d isp u t ed ex ce

.

p t b y act u al
f Th e h vel ong b e e n u n di sp u t e d b e f e t h e w l d Th e l f f act s
m
p r o y a or o r c as s o
m
o
m
. .

ar e h on t o b e yst e b u t t he re
d b
ain y o
l f ki t h t t r iou s
E
n o u g y os
g
a
w ill b ef ou nd m u ch in t heb ook ca l cu l t o t hr o w light u p on t hehe re t o for e
m st ar l enep he m en a Pr ovidenceM ir r or
m
no
mm
.

b o ok is on ew hich a p eer s in a ve r y o p or t u net i

p e t o co and a t
t en t ion, and shou l d b er e ad y ll w ho a r e d e sir ou s o f inf or m
a ti on in r e
m
a
t o t h ing s ge ne r a ll y ca lle d yst er iou s, r ela t ing t o t he anife m st a t i ons o t he
sp ir i t ou t o f m a n a nd i n hi m . Tr a ve ller .

This is n ot o nl y a cu r i ou s b u t a lso a ve r y a b le w or k It is on e of th e
m ost in t e r et
s
.

i n
g b ook s of t h e seas on alb eit t her ea d er s ha ir w ill occa si ona l

.

l r iseon e nd a s het u r ns o ve r t hep a ge s, e sp e ci a lly if he r e a d s al one fa r int o

night Z io n s H e

r a ld
m
.

A ve r y a pp r op r ia t e w or k f or t h e se d a ys of st e r iou s r a ings, b u t one

w hi ch sh ow s t h a t t he a u t h or has gi ve n t he su b j e
y
ct s u p on !!
ich she tr ea t s
m m m
c on si d e r a b l e st u d y, a n d i
Bost o sa li va t i ng Ga ze t te
p ar t s t h e i ow ledg ed er ived in a concise anne r .

m m m
.

This is u n d ou b ted l y t h e os t r e ar k a b l e b ook of t he onth , a nd can not

f a il t o in ter est a ll cl a sses of p eop l e Wa t er Ou r s J ou r na l.

m m m
-
.

To t hel over s o f t he st r a n ea nd yst er i o u s in na r e, t his volu ew ill p os

se es a n a t t r a ct ive in ter est Y M lle
m
Te

. r .

Thelo ve r s of th e ar ve l lou s w ill d e light in it s p e t u ni a Cots A dve r t ise r

.
 i l nne
( r nnnk;
OR

RECOLL ECT IONS OF OUR HOME IN THE WEST .

B Y A LI C E C A R EY .

I l l u st r a t ed b y DA R LEY . One voZ, 1 2 I

. m 0 .

W edo hesit a te t o pr ed ict for t hese sk et ches a w ide p op u l a r it y

no t
T hey hea r t he t r u est a p of g eniu ssi p le, n a t u r a l t r u thf u la nd evince
m m
.

m m
,

a ke en sen se o f t he hu or a nd p a thos, o f t he co edy a nd t r a g edy o f life ,

in t he co u nt r y N0 o ne w ho ha s ever r ea d it ca n for g et t he sa d a nd b ea u
m
.

t ifu l st o r y of M a r y W ilde r ing s ; it s w eir d fa ncy , t end er ness, a nd b ea u t y

m
i t s to u ching d escr ip t i o n of t hee o t io ns o f a sick a nd su ff er ing hu m a n s ir it ,
p
a nd i t s ex qu isit er u r a l p ict u r es m
T he or a l t o ne of A lice C a r ey s w r it ings

J G Wa r r r rsn

is u nob j ect io na b lea l w a ys . . .
' '
.

M iss C a r ey
s ex per ienceha s b een in t he mid t s of r u r a l occu
p a t i on s ,
in
t hein er ior t Ever y w or d her e r e ec t s this exper ienc e, in t he r ar
of Ohio
m
.

est sha pes a nd ost exq u isite hu e s T he O p inio n now a ppea r s t o b eca n
m
. .

m
,

ou ly en t er t a ined tha t A lice C a r ey is decid ed ly t he r st of o u r fe a leeu

,

t hors ; a n O p inio n w hich F it z-G r ee n eH a ll eck , J G W hit t ier , Dr ; G r is w o ld

m m
. .
,
W D G a lla g her B a ya r d T a ylo r , w ith a ny ot her s, ha ve on v ar io u s

. . .

occasions e nd or se d d New s
I llu st r a t e . .

If w e lo ok a t t he ent ir e ca t a l o g u e o f fe mlew ite

a r r s of p r o se ct io nin
t his co u n r y , t w e sh a l l nd no o ne w ho a pp r o a che
A lice C a r ey in s t he b est
cha r a ct e r is t ics o f g e niu s Likea ll g enu ine a u t hor s she ha s p ecu lia r it ies ;
m
.

her ha nd is d et ected a s u ner r ing ly as t ha t of Poe o r H a w t ho r ne; a s u ch

as t he y s he is a p a r t f r o o the r s a n d a b o m
ve o the r s ; a nd h er sk etches of

co u ntr y life m
u s t, w e t hink , b ad em
it ted t o b es u per ior even t o tho se delig ht
m
f u l ta les o f M iss M it for d , w hich, in a si il a r line, a r eg en er a lly a ck no w ledg ed
t o b e eq u a l t o a ny t hing do nein Eng la nd

Int e r na t iona l Ma a z ine
g .

men
.

A lice C a r ey ha s per ha p s t hestr o ng est i a g ina tio n m a mg on t he w o

of this co u ntr H er w r it i ng s w i ll l iv e lo ng er tha n thos e of a ny ot h r e
y
m m m
.

r ica n Whig R e

w o a n a o ng u s A e . vie w .

A lice C a r ey ha s a ne, r ich, a nd p u r ely or ig ina l g eniu s H er cou nt r y

m
.

st or ies a r ea l o st u ne u l ed K n ick e
r b ocke M a a z i ne
q a r
g .

;
M iss C a r ey
s sk ech s a r t e m
e r e a r k a b ly f r esh, a nd exqu isi te in d elica cy,
hu m or , a nd p a tho s . S he is b ook ed fo r i mm
o r t a lit
y

H o e J ou r na l . m .

m
T heT i es sp ea k s o f A lice C a r ey as st a n d in g a t t he hea d o f t he living
m
fe a lew r it er s o f A er ica m
W eg o even fa r t her in ou r fa vo r a b lej u dg ent , m
m
.

a nd exp r e ss t he o p inio n tha t a o ng t ho se living or d e a d , s heha s ha d no

eq u a l in this co u ntr y a n d w e kno w of few in t hea nnals o f Eng lish lit er a

t u r ew ho ha veexhib ite d su per ior g ift s of r ea l poetic g eni u s

The( Por t la nd , .

 MEN AND WOMEN
OF THE

EI G H TEENTH CENTUR Y .

B x A R S E NE H O U S S A Y E .

Wi t h Bea u t u l ly Eng r a ve
if -
d Por t ra i t s of Lou is XV . a nd l a ds. do Po pa dou r m .

In Tu mV l me o u s, 12 mmC l t hP , o u r e:

C O N T E NT S .

DU FR E S NY . L OUIS X V. C A R DI NA L D E B E R NI S .

F O N T E NE LLE G R EU Z E . C R EB I LLO N T H E G A Y .

MA R I VA U X . B O U C H ER . M A R I E A N T O I N ET T E .

PI R O N . T H E V A NLO O S . M A DE D E P O M PA D O U R .

T H E A B B E PR EV O S T . LA N T A R A . V A DE .

G E NT I L -
B ER NA R D . W A T T EA U . M LLE C A M A R G O .

F LO R I A N . LA M O T T E . M LLE C LA I R O N .

B O U F F L ER S . D EH LE . M A D DE LA P O P E L I NI ER E
.

DI D E R O T . A B B E T R U B LET . S O P H I E A R NO U L D .

G R ET R Y . B UFF O N . C R E B ILLO N T H E T R A G I C .

R I V ER O L . DO R A T . M LLE G U I M A R D .

T H R EE PA G ES IN THE LI F E OF DA N C O U R T .

A PR O M E N A D E IN THE PA LA I S - R O Y A L .

LE CH E V A LI E R . D E LA C LO S .

A ser ies of pleas a ntly d esu l tor y p a per s ne

it her histor y, b iog r a phy:
m
cr it icis , nor r o m a nce m
b u t co po u nd ed of a ll fo u r : a lw a ys lively a nd
m
,

e f l d en s ar kling w ith e sp r i t , tha t su b tlee e e w h ich ay b e

g r a c u a n o p ss nc

m m
,

u ch b e tter illu str a ted tha n d e ned M H o u ssa yes a i in thesesk et ch

so
m
. .

se for evid ently heha d a n a i b eyo nd t he onehe a ll eg es of pa sti e fo r m

his leisu r e ho u r s m se e s t o ha ve b een t o d isco u rse of p er so ns r a ther cele
m
b r a t ed tha n k now n, w hose n a es a nd w or ks a r e fa ilia r t o a ll, b u t w ith m
w hose cha r a cter s a nd histor ies few a r e u ch a cq u a int ed m T o t he a ss of m
m
.

re ade r s, his b oo k w il l ha ve t he cha r of fr eshne ss ; t he st u d e nt a nd t he

m a n o f le tt er s, w ho ha vea lr ea dy d r u nk a t t hespr ings w hence M H ou ssa ye
m
.

has d er i ved his insp ir a t i on a n d at er ia ls, w ill d on a ny l a ck of n o ve lt y

p a r

for t hesa k eof t hespir it a n d o r ig ina lity of t hetr ea t ent

m
B r a c x w oo n . . .

m r n s s s,

PHILOSOPHERS AND ACTRESSES .

B Y T H E S A ME A UTH O R .
 M I S S C H E S E B R O S NE
W WORK .

D R EA M LA ND B Y D A Y LI G H T ; -

PA NO R A M A O F R O M A NCE .

Br C A R O LI NE CH ES EB R O .

I llu st r a t ed b y DA R LEY . On eu a l .
,
12 m o .

m
Thesesi p lea nd b ea u t if u l st or ies a r ea ll hig hly en d u ed w it h a n ex qu is it e
p e r c ep t io n o f n a t u r a l b ea u t y w it h w hich is c o b i ned a n a p pr e ci a t i v ese m
nseof it s

m
,

r ela t io n t o t hehig hest o r a l e o t io ns

m
A l b a ny S t a t eR e g is t e
. r .

Th er eis nev ein o f p u r e a n d holy t ho u g ht p er v a d ing ev er y t a lein t hevol

a

u m
e; a nd ev er y lov er o f t heb ea u t i fu l a nd t r u e w ill feel w hile p er u sing i t t ha t
he is co nv er sing w it h a k ind r ed sp ir it
"
A l b a ny E ve ni ng A t l a s .
.

T h e j o u r ney t hr o u g h Dr ea mL -
a nd w ill b efo u nd fu ll of p l ea su r e; a nd w h en
o ner et u r ns fr o mit , he w ill ha vehis m ind lled w it h g o od su g g est ions for p r a ct i
ca l life .
R ochest er De m ocr a t .

T he a nt i cip a t io ns w eha v eha d of t his p r o is ed b ook a r e or e t ha n r ea lized m m .

I t is a co llect io n o f b ea u t if u l sk et ches, in w hich t he cu lt iv a t ed i a g ina t ion o f t he m

au t hor ess has int er w ov en t hev isio ns of Dr ea mL
-
a nd w it h t he r ea l it ies of life .
"

O nt a r io M e
sseng e
r .

T h e d ed ica t io n, in it s sw eet a nd t ou ching p u r it y of e ot io n , is i t s elf a n ear m

ne st o f t he a nym
b l ess ed hou seho ld vo ices t ha t co eu p fr o

t he hear t s cl ear

m m
d ep t h, t hr o u g ho u t t he b ook 0 nt a r i o R e p osit or y
"
. .

Gl a d ly d o w e g r eet t his o w enet in t he eld of o u r lit er a t u r e, for it is fr a g r a nt

w it h sw eet s a nd b r ight w i t h hu es t ha t m k it t
ar o b eof H ea v en
'
s ow n p l a nt ing .
"

C ou r ier a nd E nq u ir e
r :

T her eis a d ep t h of sent i ment a nd feel ing not or d ina r ily met w it h , a nd so me
of t he nob l es t f a cu lt i es a nd a ff ect io ns of m a n s n a t u r ea r ed e

p ict ed a nd ill u s t r a t ed
b y t he sk ilf u l pen o f t hea u t ho r ess .
C hu r chma n .

T his co ll ect io n o f st o r ies f u l ly su st a ins h er p r ev io u s r ep u t a t ion, a nd a lso gives

a b r illi a nt p r o mi e s of m
f u t u r e e inencein t his d e m
p a r t ent of l it er a t u r e
"
.

Tr ib u ne.

W e nd in t his v o lu me mi t u n s ak eab le ev id ences o f or ig ina l ity of mi dn an

mt m m
,

al os p
sue r fl u o u s d e p t h o f r e ec t io n for t h ed ep a r t e n t of co p osi t ion t o w hich
it is d ev o t ed , a r a r e fa cilit y in seiz ing t he u lt ifor a s pe m
ct s o f n a t u r e m
, a nd a s t ill

r ar er p ow e r of g i v ing t he t hefo r m
a nd hu e of i m
a g in a t ion, w it ho u t d e m
st r o ying

t he ir id ent it y H a r p er s M a g a z i ne
'
. .

In a ll t h ep r o d u M is s Cheseb r o s p en is evident a d elica t ep er c ep t ion

ct io ns of
'

o f t he r e m
l a t io n of na t u r a l b ea u t y t o t he o r a l e ot ions, a nd a d eep loveof t het r u e m
a nd t heb ea u t if u l i n a r t a nd na t u r e
"
Da y B oo k .
-
.
 A NE I V A N D P OP UL A R VOL UDI E .

TA LES A ND TR A DITI O NS

H U N G A R Y .

B Y T H ER ES A PU L S Z KY .

Wi t h a P or t r a i t o f t he A u t hor .

I n OneVol u m
e, Cl ot h Pr i ce, OneDoll ar .

Tu n a b o ve co n t a ins, in a d d it io n t o t he En gl is h p u b l ica t i o n, it n ew Pea r s on, a nd

Tu m s, n o w r st p r inted f r o mt hem a n u s c r ip t o f t h eA u t ho r , w ho ha s a dir ect in t er est in
t hep u b lica t i o n .

C ONT E NT S .

l . The Bar on s Da u ght er

. 11 . TheCl o ist er of Ma na st ir .

2 . The C a s t le of 2 1 t een . 12 . Pa n T w a r d o w sk y .

3 . Y a no shik, t he R 0 b er . 13 . The Po o r Ta r t a r .

T he Fr ee Sho t The M a id ens C as t le

4 . . 14 . .

5 T he G o l d en C r o ss of K o r o sf o 15 The H a i r o f t he O r pha n Gir l

m
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6 . The G u a r dia n s . 16 . The R o cks o f Li k .

7 The Lo ve o f t he A n gel s 17 J a ck , t heH o r se ea l er

m
. . . .

8 The M a i d a n d t he G enii 18 K l g so hr o f H u n ga r y
m m m
. . . .

9 . Ash od a i, t he La e De on . 19 Ya n o a h, t he H er o .

10 . TheNu n of R a n chenb a ch . 20 . Th e H u n g a r i a n O u t l a w s .

NO T I C E S O F T H E E N G L I S H P R E S S .

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int er est w hi ch a ll n a t i ona l t r a dit i ons ex cite
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