28 6 V o.l 28 N o.

6
2005 11 Journal of PLA U niversity of Fo re ign L anguages N ov1 2005

1 2
,

( 1. , 200051; 2. , 200231)

: : ( 1) ; ( 2)
, , ( M I ) Z ; ( 3)
,
: ; ; ; ;
: H 31312 : A : 1002-722X ( 2005) 06-0049-04

Corpus-based Approaches to the D ifferentiation of English Synonym s

i dong1, L IU P ing2
ZHANG J-
( 1. Co llege of Fo re ign L anguages, D onghua U n iversity, Shangha,i 200051, Ch ina;
2. T echn ical Schoo ,l Shangha i J iao T ong U niversity, Shangha,i 200231, Ch ina)
Abstrac t: W ithin corpus-based approaches, synonym s can be d ifferentiated w ith re fe rence to: 1) the ir distr ibutions am ong
d ifferen t reg isters; 2) the ir s ignificant co llocates, and the M I va lue and Z score betw een synonym s and the ir co llocates; 3) the ir
co llocationa l behav iors and sem an tic pro sod ies w ith regard to certa in co llig ationa l fram eworks. Synonym s thus d ifferentiated w ill hav e
significant pedagog ica l im plica tions.
K ey W ords: synonym; co rpora; reg ister; co llocation; sem antic prosody

0. 1.
, 111
, , ,
, , ,
60% ( , 2003) ,
,
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
, , ,
, : big great large, 5
, 6 ( LGSWE )
, ,
,
, b ig great la rge,
,

: 2005- 3- 28
: 1. ( 1965- ), , , , ; 2.
( 1965- ), , , ,
 # 50# 2005

, ,
LGSW E , , large M I (
b ig great large 2), / 0 M I
, quantit ie s am ounts
, B ig 200 num bers number am oun;t scale par;t
, 0; great cities fam ily group house;
200, deform atio ns d iscrepancies exten;t
0; large 0 , enough
80 , 2. LARGE FLOB
200 1
1. B IG GREAT LARGE LGSWE M I
LARG E 395
NUM BER 16 61 76
BIG SCA LE 12 81 46
GREAT NUM BER S 8 71 84
LARGE PART 8 51 49
EXTENT 7 71 61
200; 80
QUANT IT IES 7 91 81
, AM OUNT S 5 91 38
, DEFORMAT IONS 4 11165
, , D ISCR EPANC IES 4 91 74
, FAM ILY 4 51 13

, AM OUNT 3 61 56
C IT IES 3 71 95
,
ENOUGH 3 41 68
, GROU P 3 41 66
HOU SE 3 41 27
112
B ig M I ( 3)
,
m an part house;

enough , b ig m an
,
busin ess day , b ig

im portant great
, ,
3. BIG FLOB

,
M I
K rishnam urthy ( 1987: 70) , /
B IG 263
5
M AN 8 51 72
BU SIN ESS 6 61 58
0: Z ( T ) ENOUGH 6 61 28
M I (, 2002) PART 4 51 09
big g reat large , DAY 3 41 57
cause lead to, HOU SE 3 41 87

LOB FLOB, great ( 4 ), g reat dea

l
Z M I m any care leng th p leasure,
0101, Z / 0 ; great
21576, , ; M I / 0
0, , , Great B ritain g reat grandfather
 6 , # 51#

4. GREAT FLOB 113

,
M I , ,
GREAT 546 *
DEAL 34 9105 ,
BR ITA IN 16 6187 ,
HA LL 8 7118
M ANY 5 3161
, ,
CARE 4 5118
,
W AR 4 4139
GRAN DFATHER 3 7164 , happen occur; cause
LENGTH 3 6101 reason cause lead to,
PART 3 3161 ,
PLEA SURE 3 6160
M I / 0
, , / 0 ?
,
, :
: ,
, ,
, , / 0
,
cause le ad to , ( L ouw, 1993 )
TACT LOB :
Z , ,
( 5 6 ) C ause ,
su ffering alarm harm clash strike / 0
; lead to ,
, anarchy interception fears reduction , ,
, appeasem ent ceasefire ,
progress , ,
,
(, 2002) ,
5. CAUSE LOB

Z

UNNECESSARY 1 1 461280
, ,
SUFFER ING 1 2 321710
A LARM 1 3 261695 ( M itche l,l 1975 ) , cause reason
HARM 1 4 231108 cause lead to
CLASH 1 6 181850 ,
6. LEAD TO LOB
cause BROWN
Z
lead to
ANARCHY 1 1 421244
A PPEA SEM ENT 1 1 421244 reason, / V + N0
INT ERCEPT ION 1 1 421244 ( cause prob lem s le ad to great successes) / N
CEA SEF IRE 1 2 291855 + PREP + N0 ( cause of fa ilure)
FEARS 1 3 241363 / V + N0
 # 52# 2005

1. w ith the utility pole caused a brief pow er failu re ; reason / N + o f+ N0 / N + for+ N0
in the m
i m ediate ,
2. said. See ing her caused a lu rch in Ram ey, a , offenses and sins fa ilure troub les,
recogn ition. She , m yriad m atter
3. brash recklessness had caused a proliferation o f d ifferences h ig h percen tage acceptance ,
ill w il.l The reven , ,
Cause / V + N0 , 2 C ause
4 , : fa ilu re , cause / N + PREP + N 0
pro liferatio n of ill w ill anx iety a h igh rate o f 35, 5
letha lity congest ion breakage problem s , / N + for+ N0, 14128% , 15 / N + of+ N 0,
, 42186% , cause
/ 0 , / , the ,
0 L ead to the less obv io us the exact a the on ly the
1. w ith changes in its balance lead also to imm ed iate Reason
< qualitative> alterations , reason
2. new techn iques for using i,t leadin g to a better 335, / T here+
understand in g of p be+ reason ( s) ,, 0 63; / , , reason( s)
3. perio d of Grey and Bright led naturally to a + that+ ,, 0 17 ; / ,,
m ore am b itious w ork. reason( s) + why ,, 0 23 ; / ,,
lead to reason to do sth. 0 33; / by reason of0 7;
lead to / 0 / fo r,, reason( s) , ,0 67 ,
, a better understanding a m ore , reason( s)
amb it io us w ork, , loss of life ,
party b ickering, , request , for one reason ( a lo ne ) for purely
alterat ions tw o possib le m odes, lead to m athem atica l reasons for reasons best know n to itse lf
, for reasons to be d iscussed in the fo llow ing
cause / N + PREP + N0 2.
1. the prin cipa l underly ing causes for fam ily ,
breakups lead ing to ~ ADC ". A : ,
2. or overt act io n, w as th e cause of the crash m ust ,
be prom ptly determ in ed
3. m ade a study covering th e causes o f injuries ,
H 09 1380 and health hazards ; ,
Reason ( M I ) Z ,
1. of m en. T here w as no reason for her to m arry
som eone like Stanley L1 ,
2. You also, w hen you w ere dead by reason o f ,
your o ffenses and sin s. ; ,
3. is especially d ifficult for th e reason that w e are ,
busily be ing
cause reason ,
, cause / N + PREP + N0 ,
/ 0 , ,
: in ju ries catastrophe fam ily breakups
pessim ism crash decline , , , ( 96 )
 # 96# 2005

, 1981.

[ 7] . : [M ]. :
, , , 2002.

[ 8] , . [M ]. :
, 2003.

: [ 9] . # [M ]. :
5 # 6, , 1985.
1985 , [ 10] . [ M ]. : ,
2002.
[ 11] . [M ]. : , 2003.

: [ 12] Fo rster, John. T he L ife of Charles D ickens [M ]. London:

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, 1998. [ 14 ] F ie ld ing, K1 J. Char les D ick ens: A C ritical Introduction

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, 1982. [ 15] Fo rd, G eo rge H arry. D ickens and H is R eaders: A spects of

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, 1997. U n iversity P ress, 1955.
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: , 2003. computing [ C ] . Ed. J. M. S incla ir. L ondon: Co llins

[ 2] . [ Z ] . : , ELT, 1987. 62- 85.

2003. [ 8] Louw, B. Irony in the tex t or ins ince rity in the w r iter? T he
[ 3] , . d iagnostic potentia l o f sem antic pro sod ies [ A ]. T ex t and
[ J] . , 2000, ( 4). T echnology: In H onour of J ohn Sinclair [ C ]. Eds. M.

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