PLUS ONE MATHEMATICS SOLUTION BOOK Excercise 1.1 \www.tnschools.co.in get 1s 4-2] fe. sua- ff a owe [4 3], cach, of the following: (i) -2A + (B+ ©) (ii) A- GB-O), (iti) A + (B+ ©) (i) (A + B) + G (v) A + B, (Wi) B + A, (vil) AB, (vill) BA me oe ft aate- (ti) o-mararo- al elt Q+(te = (+ (Gt 4-2), (2-5) _ (-442 -2-5) S 6 “842 446 2 C ( =(2 27 ~ \-6 10) @ A-GB-C) aeons) 2-3) Now 38-c = 3} )- 2 -3 -(2 -),(2 3) 12+2 -6+3) 3 wt \-1 -2) “(3-1 2-2 _(4 -3) 25a es 1) afta, 2 A-@B-O = [f 4) és ( 4) 22 3a 14 3 male =) Ea \eee -i) =e 1+3) _ (-12 4) 4-2 -2-10, 2 12, @A+B+O ee ~2 =3) | (4-2 -2-3) a+c~ ff °C ets a) = 2 i ea 6 2A+@+Q =(? ee = 242 1-S)_ (4 4 = \o42 -246) ~ 6 4 ww) (A+ B)+C ares ao eaves (24a 1-2) ave -(i a+ 3) - Gt a fe é 3)1.4 waw.nschools.co.in Mathematics-X1 . (6 -),(2 = «(A +B)+C = 5 ) + ( 3) 6 5 mArB=( @B+a-(t - {4 i (vii) AB -( _(9 0 = \w = i _ (4 -2)|(2 1) _ (8-8 444 (i) BA -( Ale 4) - (a8 inf) -(o 38 BH 12 3 2-0 2 aoa a 8. Given A= |-1 3 4], B=|2 -1 2) andc = |2 1 2 20-4 101-1 1-1 1 verify the following results. () AB # BA (ii) (AB) C = A (BC) (ili) A (B + C) = AB + AC 12 3) 2 9 2 so. @A=|-1 3 4,B=/2 0 -1 -2 0 wi 1 1 -1 1 2 ale o 12 ape |-1 3 4/[2 1-2 Pe ee 24443 0-243 1-4-3) = |-2+6+4 0-344 -1-6-4 440-1 O+0-1 24041 9 1 ~ =|s oo. -n ~@) 30-10 3 20 ‘| 12 3 BA = |2 -1 a -1 = 4 1 1 -fl2 0 -1ywaww.inschools.co.in 15 2+0+2 44040 640- fi-1-2 24340 34441 = [2+1-4 4-340 ete] 24644 0-344 1-6-4 440-1 040-1 24041 ‘9 1 = = |8 1 =n 3 3 i 0-243 i324 ( aifa oa aa BC = -allf2 1 = yi 2g 24041 240-1 -2+4041 301 = = [2-2-2 2-142 -2+2-2)=]-2 3 = 142-1 14141 °-1-2-1 2030 = rr | Now AB (C) = |8 1 =11}) {2 1 = 30-1 ayia 1 9+2-6 94146 9-2-6) 842-11 841411 -8-2-11 3-243 3-1-3 -34243 516 17 =|-1 0-21 ~@ 4-12 (a yi(3 1 1 a\-2 3 - 23 23. - 3-648 -14+9+12 1-6- 3-446 14649 -1-4-12 6+0-2 240-3 24044www.tnschools.co.in en _Makensio xt s 16 ~17) =|-1 2 -2 ~ @ 4 ~—f. 2} From (3) and (4) we conclude that {AB) C = A (BC) 2 o it) fp a2 =-2 Sol i) B+ C= (2 -1 = +P 1 ~ to o-t oy 2 8 0} fs 1 0 4 9 -s! i+0+0 0-8+0 = |-3+12+8 -1404+0 09-1240 6+0-2 24040 +040 m7 4 = =ji7 -1 0 - oe SY 4 2 9 2 12 3 of 4B= |-1 3 4|/]20 -1 -2 2 0 -f\i 1 =1 24443 0-243 1-4-3) a a = |-24+64+4 0-344 -1-6-4) = ]3 1 -n 440-1 OF0-1 24041 30-1 3 1 2 3) (2 1 =] aC= |{-1 3 4})|2 1 = 2 0 -a{tr -1 1 14644 -143-4 1-644 9 2 14443 142-3 -1-4+43) (3 0 2+0-1 24041 240-1 i 3 9 ol mt , 0 AB + AC= [8 1 -l} + [9 2 3-4 3 a 3 7 z = - (2 -1 3 ~O 4 ra Q, From (5) and (6) we conchide that A (B +.C) = AB + BCMatrices and Determinants 17 2 21 3) 4 6. Solve: 2X + ¥ +] 5 -7 3) = 0;X-¥ = [-1 45 a] 2 (—2 1 3) 20-1 Soh2X+Y¥=—-/ 5 -7 3) =]-5 7 4 5 4 |-4 -5 2 -1 -3) e,) X+Y¥= |-5 7-3 ~@ —4 -5 -4) 47 0 x-Y =|-1 2 -6 ~2 208-5} 2 —_ 3) 4 7 0 (+ @Q23X= |-5 7 -3)+/-1 2 = 4 -5 -s) [-2 8 -s 6 6 -3) = |-6 s 9 +4 3 -9) 7;{6 6 33 22 = -x =7/-6 9 -9=|-2 3 = a 21 202 -1 Substituting X = |-2 3 -3| in (2) we get, 2 1 = 202-1 47 -2 30 -3}-y=|-1 2 2 1-3 2 8 202-1 47 ~|-2 3 -31-]-1 2 =Y¥ 201 = -2 8 2.2 =-2 m4 o) (-2 -5) -2 Ge) ¥= [-2 30 -3p +] 1 6j= |-1 1 3] 2 40 = 2 5 o -7 2 2 2 -2 5 = X= |-2 3 —3) and Y = 1 3 21 7 Y show that A*—~ SA — 141 = 0 where I is the unit1.8 www.tnschools.co.in Mathematics-XI Tg cane aL _[3 (3 -3) {942 -15-10 bia aie (2 3} (3 } Co Sa) 2 -2 = | 24} “3 3-4) aes eS of ey —4e 2 = -15 3), (-14 0) Now LHS = A?~ 5A - 141 (+20 «(3 3) +( 0 si) ~ (9-15-14 ~-25+25+0) _ fo 0) » (=20+20+0 24-10-14) ~ [0 9) =0 = RBS BFA TB) at so tat A? = A= 21 Sol. A a2 » (0) -u -2 0) kA-2 a+ 3) 2) Given A? = 4) 1 2 RA = ( 3 so at inst = 0 2 2 1 2544) 2: 1 1 Sol. A = |2 2Matrices and Determinants www.tnschools.co.in 19 1 2 Difs 2 2) AP=AxA= |2 1 2//]2 1 2 2 2 yi 2 4 14444 24244 24442) = |24244 44144 44242 24442 44242 44441, 9 8 8 =|g 9 8 8 8 9 1 2 2 4 -8 44 = -4|2 4 2) =|-8 4 2. Saag -3 -8 1 @ @ -s 0 “it =-S}0 1 of =| 0 -s io 8 o 0 8 8\ (-4 -8 - LHS: A?-4A-SI = [8 9 8/+/-8 -4 -8/4 8 8 9) \-8 -8 - 0-5] (9-4-5 8-8+0 8-840 (o = |8-8+0 9-4-5 8-8+0| = Jo 8-8+0 8-840 9-4-5 0 =0= RAS. (2 2 m% 3) _ (3 4) 10. sove for xy (2 3+ {tr aa 7 fe 2 me 3) (P+ 4) Sol. LHS: es at G ae 7 (+ 4) (3 4 wow { 3 > B 7, atte =3 ePte-3 =0 @+3)@-) =0 x = -30rl a 1 1 2) (x) 1, Solve forx if @ 2-|-1 -4 1] |2] = © . -1o-10 2) ——|(1 1 2 Sol. @ 2 =| <1 4 1) =@-241 2-841 +242) axa |{-1 -1 2 3x3 = (71 BHM 3 x-7110 www.tnschools.co.in ( 1 1 2 fx Now |@ 2-1) |-1 -4 1 B (eth is Ws (x 2 (e-l x-7 &+4) f 1, = x1) +2@—-7+1e+4) = 0 ven) (ie) P—x+ We 1442 44=0 #+3r-10= 0 &+5@-2 =0 x = -Sor2 er a @ (A+By = A? +AB+BA+B? (i) (A- BY * A? - 20B +B? (i) (A+B) # A? +2AB +B? () (A-By = A?-AB-BA +B? () A?-B? # (A+B) (A-B) mae jan 9 ae-G def Q-6 3 -o are )-8 4) “GR 9-GQ -o woaxae ll WG = Gro iq = 3) @ veo (Ge bss 224) “§ 3 ~« 1 2y (3 = F+2 —1+0) AB = é at ( d = Gi 3)www.tnschools.co.in Fst nie 2 -O m =F HG )- G53 $i) -(i ) © (A+B) = (A+B)x (A+B) = f dié 4] -(83 a-@ 3 i wow cmemncn [EYE 3 = (223 “$34 = (3 “) » @) f . @ LHS = (A+By = 1B $) (oom (7) RHS = A?+AB+BA+B* iS NS 1 1 6) ‘3 +3) é 3+ =} + ft J+ 3-4 (froma (3), (5), (6) and (41) ppritats 2-1+6-3) _ (9 4 2+6+143 4-2+2-1 Bw 3 LHS = RHS » (A+B)' = A?+AB+BA +B? (i LHS = (A-BY = (2 ~$} {from (@)| at -( 3 is = ge 3 nus: At-2an +e = (f a (6 =) + Sf oa {from (3), (5) and (4) sh -10 2) ge -3\ - ( } * (2 } * ( =) 2 {5-048 242-3) © { 3 4) *\2-12+3 444-1) 7 (+7 7) LHS # RHS » (A-B)? # A? 2AB +B (if) LAS: (A +BY = (2 / {hom (7)] 0 4 -2, 3 1, [from (3), (5) and (4)! RHS: A? + 2AB + B? ef A ,of8 -) 4 (8 -3 2 61.42 werwinschools.co.in Mathematics-X1 € 3+ 36 - Gress 238) = (G 2+2+3 4-4-1, LHS # RHS = (A+B) # A?+2AB+B? () LHS:. (A - BY = (2 ) {from @)) 2 2_ (5 2)_(s -1\_(1 6), (8 -3 RHS : A?— AB-BA+B? = ( - ¢ tee) ( a {tom (3), (5), (6) and (4)] -( 2 -5 1 -1 6) , (8 - “6 9*G J-G 3+6 3 5-5-14+8 2+1-6-3) _ (7 = 2-6-14+3 442-2-1) ~ (2 3 LHS = RHS = (A-By* = A?-AB-BA+B* o) uns: Ata? = (5 )- 8 2) {from (3) and (4)] -(5 2)4{-8 3) _ (s-8 2+3) ~ Ad. 4] ~3 aj * 2-3 441, a) dl, 5 RHS: (A + B) (A-B) = 6 NG 3) _ {8+ 2+0) _ (-7 12) ~ \-6+0 9+0) ~ \-6 9) LHS # RHS » A?—B? # (A + B) (A - B) sath mnt -B Vp. (3 2 ~~ 13. Find matrix C if A é .e- ( ‘ 23) ona sc +2B=A Sol, 5C + 2B= A : ° Scala 2B wom ELA~ 2B] Here A = ag 2 and B = (a 3} : 3 7) 3 2. 7 6 = carmen G JG aa }(s 9) _ (+6 7- ~ (2-8 333 <1 Lig ne 3/5) He =5 w3(2 }) ~6/5 *)www.tnschoals.co.in 1B = é oi) au +B} A? +BY find 1) _ fitz 0 -1) ~ \2+y = Ttx Ol (atx 0) 2ty = 2+y -2] (+xP 0 @ @+yGtxy-2@+y) 4 e e-( Fie caj-Gc3 a2) co a e-§ AG a) 6 sy) so ateat = (} +64 x-1 (A+By = ( 0 ixy-y ytd = (?ty-1 x-1) _ (@+y-10 2-1 @ ay-y yti-l wry y ~ i = (+x? 0) _ (@+y—1 x-2 Gis) Qe faendiuteey ; (ee y| Ge,)x-1=07 x=1 y=4 Sox=1y=4 = SOLUTION TO EXERCISE 1.2 2 6 4 1. Find the value of the determinant |-5 -15 -10} without usual expansion. : 1 3 2 2 6 4 2 6 4 so |-5 15 -10] = |-5x1 -5x3 -5x2 1 3 2 1 3 2 26 4 =(-5)|]1 3 21 = (5) @-=0 1 3 2 {. Ry = Rs} (OR) Remove 2 from R, then R; = R; © the value of the determinant = 0114 ‘www.tnschools.co.in Mathematics-X1 "2. Identify the singular and non-singular matrix. L _4£e 9) 1 2 «3 @i\4 9 16}; @ } 4 3 6 9 16 2| 2 -4 +6 Sol. If the determinant valic of a square matrix is zero it is called a singular matrix. Otherwise it is non-singular. 2 * 3 9 16 [3 16' [3 9 i) Now |4 ] 16} = 1 =4 +9 Orwre 2 2 le 25|~*]9 25] *°}9 16 = 1 (225 — 256} ~ 4 (100 — 144) + 9 (64 — 81) 1(-31) ~ 4 (-44) + 9(-17) = -314176- 153 = -184+176 = -8.# 0 f 409 *|4 9 16) is a non-singular matrix. 9 16 25 1 2 12: @}4 5 6) = (-2 |4 5 6] = (-2)0) = Of-R, = RI 2 -4 -6 12 3) i 2 3 =| 4 5 6} is a singular matrix. z a <1 i (expanding along Ry’ 26-2) x91) 446-2) 2(4) -x (8) +44) 8-8 +16 = 4-8 4 " 24-8 = -3 (given) > B= “3-24 = -7 wp el oe = Teg 43 9 @is 2 7 4 4 3 4309 so. 13-2 7} = 4/72 7) -3|3 Wels 2 ; 4 x 42 a al 4-4 x (expanding along R,)Matrices and Determinants www.tnschools.co.in 1.15 = 4 (-2r~ 28) -3(&r- 28) + 6 (12 + 8) Br — 112 - % + 84 + 180 = he 112 +264 = —10e +152 Given —1?r + 152 = -1 = le = -1- 182 = -153 53 =i 7° a-b b-c e=a| b-c c-a a-} c-a@ a-b b=} ans 4. Evaluate: (i) a-b b-c cme Sol Let A= |b-c c-a 2-5 ca a-b be} o 0 0 eA = |b-e e-a a-b] =0 R,>R: +R +Ry ea a-b b-c (when expanding along R,) 1 ab ca +b) @ | be ab +e) [1 c@ be +a) 1 ab c{at+b) Sol. Let A=|1 bc ab +e) 1 ca be +a) 1° ab ac + be = |i be ab + ac 1 ca be + ab 1 ab ab+be+ac = |t be ab tac tbe} [*QtG} 1 ca be +ab +ca tab 1 = @btbe+ac) |i be | [Taking ab + be + ac from C3] 1 a 1 = (ab +be + ac) (0) = 0 [= GJ la-b-c 2a 2 5. Prove that 2b b-c-a Db = @tbtc? % % c-a-b —b 2% 2a Sol LHS = | 2 b-c-a b 2% 2 c-a-b