2

.
1
9 2016-10-05

1 .
.

111 111.

0
=
:
( )
=
= /12
. 3
=
12
:
0 0 = . : :
(
=2 =1 = 0.5
)
8
9
10
111 ( ).

121
6 7
: :
4
5
( 4)
1 2 3

) (9 ) + (
= = =

)(6 ) + ( 7

1

) ( 2) + (
=

)(4 ) + ( 5

0 = . :

: 40 .1
: 40 < 100 .
: 100 < 150 .
: > 150 ( ).

0

.
= + 0

) = . = . ( + 0

0.8 432
) = 0.8 / (0.85 +

-1
-
( ):
3
=
12

-
.
- > 40 :

2
 -2
3:

.
.
1 2 (
)
1 2
.

.
252
= 0.6 1 0.4 2 0.4 1
1 .
2 .
1 2
( )1
+ ( )2

-3 252 0

= 0

25
= { 0 /250
0.05
-4 253

= = 1

. = 1

= 1.3 0.33

= 1.65 0.65
2
). 2 . ( + 0
.....1
= 30000
. 2 .
{ 15000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 .
3
 -5
= .
= + 0 0.08 : .

1 = 1

( ) :
)a 0 = 0 = 0
.
)b 254 :
)i . 80
)ii ( ).
)iii 0.003
.
:
0.8
= ) (0.85 +
.
211 275

241 :
1 1 1 1
= +


.

1
30 30 4.5
. = /2 :
-1 .
-2 60 .

4


.

. -1 = 1 0 = 4.5 :

:
30
= = = = 8.66
12 12
0
0 450
= = = 51.96 > 40
0 8.66
0 = 0 ::

25
0 = = {0 /250 = 4500/250 = 18 0 = 25
0.05 = 0.05 300 = 15
:
= =0
:
= 1.65 0.65 = 1.65
). 2 . ( + ) 1.65 51.962 (25 + 300
= = 48.3
= min 30000 30000
. 2 . 1.65 51.962 300
{ = = 89.1
15000 15000
= 48.3
= + 0 = 48.3 + 25 = 73.3 > 0.08 = 24
0.08

-2 0 = 60 ( ):
0 = 60 > = 25
. 0 1.7 P=0.5 G
= = = = = 0.378 < 1
. 0 1.4 + 1.7
:
= 1.3 0.33 = 1.3 0.33 0.378 = 1.175
)1.175 51.962 (600 + 300
= 95.2
= min 30000 = 63.4
1.175 51.962 300
{ = 63.4
15000
= 600 + 63.4 = 663.4 > 0.08 = 24

5

2

:
= = 2800 2 . = 20 = 240

0.6 -1 = 200 . = 80
-2 = 10
5
.

-1 :
0 = 2 0 = 10
60 0 0 10000
= = = = 57.74 > 40
/12 600/12
30 = 600
( ).
4
0 = . 0
= 1.4 = 1.4 200 = 280
= 5 1.7 + 0.6 1.4 = 848 .
848
= 0 = > = 3.03
280
0 .
1.7 5 1.7 80 5
. = = = = 0.8 < 1
848 848
:
= 1.3 0.33 = 1.33 0.33 0.8 = 1.036
). 2 . ( + ) 1.036 57.742 (3.03 + 0.6
= = 0.418
= 30000 30000
. 2 . 1.036 57.742 0.6
{ = = 0.138
15000 15000
= 0.138 = 3.168 > 0.08 = 48
= = 3.168 280 = 887.04 .
= 887.04 .
= 280

6
 = 848 .
= 887.04 .
40 .
.
=10
= 0.6 1.4 + 5 1.7 = 16.9 -2
= 1.4 = 14
= 57.74 > 40 .
16.9
= 0 = > 0 = 1.207
14
5 1.7
= = = 0.503 < 1
16.9
:
= 1.3 0.33 = 1.134
)1.134 57.742 (1.207 + 0.6
= 0.228
= 30000 = 0.151
1.134 57.742 0.6
{ = 0.151
15000
= 1.207 + 0.151 = 1.358 = 1358 > 0.08 = 48
= . = 1361
1
.

+ = + :


+ . = 0.85 . . + .

:

+ 2800 240 = 0.85 300 20 + 2800 240


= 5100 1

:

= ) . = 0.85 . . ( ) + . ( ) + . (
2 2 2 2

7
 1 :
600 600 600
( 5100 1358 = 0.85 20 300 ( ) + 2800 240 ( 40) + 2800 240 ) 40
2 2 2 2
= 62.9
:
0.85 62.9 0.85 40
( = 630 ( ) = 630 ) = 289.5 > 240
62.9
.
0.85 0.85 560 62.9
( = 630 ( ) = 630 ) = 4137.6 > 240
62.9
. 1:

= 320790 = 320.8 2

111 :

0.65 = 0.9 0.5 0.9

2 :
320790
= 0.9 0.5 = 0.86
0.85 20 300 600
= 320.8 0.86 = 275.9
200 = 14 :
275.9
= = 197.1 = 19.71
14
1.5
3

5 .
150

0 = 1 = 5 :
1
0 5000
= = = 57.74 > 40
/12 300/12
252 :
60

= 0.6 1 0.4 2
:
30

8
 300 1 = 300 .
2 = 150 .
= 0.6 300 0.4 150 = 120 .
.
0.4 1 ( = 120) = (0.4 1 = 120) :
:
= 200 200
150
150 .
200

150 .200
( )
120
= = . 0 0 = > = 0.6
200
= 0
= 1.65 0.65 = 1.65 :
). 2 . ( + ) 1.65 57.742 (0.6 + 0.3
= = 0.165
= 30000 30000
. 2 . 1.65 57.742 0.3
{ = = 0.11
15000 15000
= 0.11 = 0.11 + 0.6 = 0.71 > 0.08 = 24
= . = 200 0.71 = 142 . < 1 = 300 .
= 300 .
= 200

= 142 .
142 .

. = 300 .

2
.
2
6 2016-10-12

.
( )1
). (
( ) .45
.
.



.

-1
.

-2
/2

.


1 2
3 1

( )

/2 2 3 672
:

1
 :

. /2 .3

:
( )
.

.2
( 1 ).

-3 252
:
.


=
0.85


1 2 1 2 ( ) =

= 1 + 2 = 1 + 2 ( )

.



657 :

)(
= =
0.85




() 1/3 () = 1/3


1
.
1 6



6
.

.

2
 -4 262
= 0.65
= 0.8

.
> .
.

-5 252
.

= 0.23

-6
( ) (
).

.I
111
0.35
= = . .

> .II
( 622 )

: = = . . .

0.35

652

0.7 . . . . . . . . .1 .1 ( ).
{0.35 . . . . . . . .2 .6 ( ).
0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 .1 ( ).

. - :
- (
) .

3
 .

622


= = . .
) . (sin + cos
.

=2 =4
.


.
. .
.
( ).

-2 ( ) 122

()
6
{ 12
/3


2 40 2 2 20 30 20 2
40 30
30
30 { 10



(

( ) /2
)
( 30 ).
5.
5
= 30 / = 80
= 20 /



6 2
= 20 : = 240 = 420

50 50 = 25 :
80
.

-1
.
-6
40 40

4
 80 1.4 = 112

30 1.4 + 20 1.7 = 76 / -1
30 1.4 = 42 /

( )

50

65
80


30

2
.

.
112 2 + 76 2 1 = 376 .

112 1 + 76 1 0.5 = 150 .

.

112 + 76 1 = 188
112
112 + 76 2 = 264

264

)(
= =
0.85 .

.
.
1
( ) ( ).
( ) ( )
( ) =
( = 5 )1

= 75 = 60 = 45
30
= )( = = 0.15 < 1/3 1
200

5
 )( .
)( .
= = =
0.85 . 0.85 .
0 0.15
112 103
= 450 = 1.17
0.85 250 450
188 103
150 106 0.15
= 600 = 1.18
0.85 250 600 = 1.18
( )
376 106 0.15
264 103 .
= 750 = 1.18
0.85 250 750

= 0.65 = 0.65 20 = 2.91

= 1.18 < = 2.91
= 0.23 = 0.23 20 = 1.03

= 1.18 > = 1.03
= 0.7 = 0.7 1.03 = 0.72 :

= 0.46 > 0.35

0.46
. = = . = . . 250
240
1 :
) ( 30 )
: ( = 25
. = 2
6
{ 12
/3
( /3
. = 8
82 0.46
2 = 250 = 209.8 :

4 240
= 200 = 20 5:
300
:
100 = 200 { = 250

8/20
.

2
.
3
9 2016-10-19

:


:

+

:
1
( )
+
.








2 1
.







.


( )
1





(




)




NT

.



RE

:




( .
.1
FE

.

).
. .2
: :
.

.



.3
:

DIF

. .4
.


: .5 .
. .6 .

1
 = 80
.
= 30 /
= 20 / .

.
6 2

(
50 ).

/2 = 22.5
/2 ( .
).
40 40
= 80 1.4
30 1.4 + 20 1.7 = /
(
/
)


)(112 8) + (42 2 7) + (76 6 3
( .
).
= .
6
. = (112 + 42 2 + 76 6) 475.33
. 252

)= 112 + (42 2 =
=
. = 5 0.85

.


.
:
= 112 (42 2) + 475.33
279.33 103
190.2 = = 2.92
NT

232.7
= 1.85 0.85 250 450
.



:
RE

. 176.67 103
= = 1.85
324.8
= 2.92 0.85 250 450
367.3 .
FE

.


. . ( .
DIF

. . . .
).
40 2.92
+ = 42.5 600 = 367.3
2 2 2.92 + 1.85
.

2
 :

= 0.65 = 0.65 20 = 2.91

. = 2.58 < = 2.91 .
= 0.23 = 0.23 20 = 1.03

1.85 = 1.03 ( ).
1.51
1.03




= 1.03 .
1.03


.
2.58
600 2.92 (
232.7 367.3 )
42.5 129.6 324.8 42.5
103.1 129.6 129.6 237.7 3 ( .
2 1 ).
.1 :
0.35
= . .

= 2
( ) = 8 :
82 0.35
NT

2 = 250 = 275.74 = 25
4 240
5 :
RE

30
= 25 { = 25
/2 = 22.5
FE

= 20 8/20
.2 :
DIF

:
= 0.7 = 0.7 1.03 = 0.72

3
 = 2.58 0.72 = 1.86 > 0.35

= . . .


1 = 2
.5 = 10
102 1.86
2 = 250 = 81.1
: 4 240
= 8
.1 = 12
10/8
10 .2
) ( = 12

.8 12/10 .

.3

.

.3 :

= 0.72
= 1.51 0.72 = 0.79 > 0.35
( .)1
= 2

= 8
, 82 0.79
2 = 250 = 122.2
4 240
= 10
4
8/10

NT

(

. )
RE

.

FE

237.37
()
DIF

)
( 5

4


1 2 ( : 3
)
:

1 = 237.7 20 5 = 212.7
8/10 8/20 10/8

5 3 = 80 2 = 254 1 = 216 5

8
560
600 1
( 8 ) 1 = 216
3 = 103.1 20 5 = 78.1 : 3

3 3 = 80 10
.
. 2 = 560 (80 + 216) 2 = 254



.
3


. ).
(
:
( ).
= 0.8 = 0.8 20

. . = 3.58 > = 2.58
NT

.
3
RE

= 45

= . .
. . ) . (sin + cos
FE

= 10 = 2
.

102 2.58 0.72
2 = 250
DIF

.
4 )240 (sin 45 + cos 45
= 114.7 = 10
10/10

5
 10/8 10/10
2 ( )


.

(



).


50%

/2


50%

: 0.5

= . .

: 0.5


= .
2

= 45 ) (sin + cos 2
= ( ).





45 .


NT

.

RE

.
FE

DIF

.


( )

6
 = 0.8 = 0.8 20 = 3.58 :

= 3.58 > = 2.58
= 1.03 , = 0.72
= 1.86 > 0.35
= 0.4 40%
= 0.6 60%



. = 0.6 .

= 2 = 10
102 1.86
2 = 0.6 250 = 135.1 = 12
4 240
10/12



= 0.4 .
2
.
(
.
)
:
= 0.6 1.86

. .
.
. . = 0.4 1.86 =
. 2

.
/2 = . :
. 225 + 1159
= 0.74 = 512.1 /
NT

2
1.12 + 0.72
( 115.9 = 367.3
2.92
367.3) 20 + / = (/2 ) :
512.1 250
RE

= = 215.5 2
420 2
(
FE

).
10/12 (
DIF

) 10/8 4


.

7

.

:

-1 ) (Torsion
-2 262
3
=
2 .
:

NT

RE

3 3 3
= = =
FE

2. 2.
2 . + 2.

DIF

-3
( )

8
 -4 263
.

= 0.8
> .
.

-5 262
= 0.13

-6
.
< .
:

()
)3
( 2 263
( ). . 2
=
3. . 1 . 1 .

1
= (0.66 + 0.33 ( )) 1.5
1
1 1 =

1 1 =
( ) = 5 263
NT

)
(

1

RE

1
FE

1 + 1
2.
( )

DIF

=
2.8 . . 1 + 1
( ( ) ) 2.
{ +

.
9


2
.
4
11 2016-10-26

.

.

.12

.30
= 5
4.
( ) = 0.1
6 ./3

:

25
. 7 { 1 + 1

( )
4


2.5 :

( ( )
.)/2
.

.

2 2


.

2 2

1

.
.

( ).
1
= 10 . /
30 55 = 240 = 320 = 20
1 3 1
= = 50 .

.

10 3 .
. = .
2
3. 3. 3 15 106
= = =
2 . 2 . 3002 550
= 0.91

= 0.8 = 0.8 20
. = 3.58
= 0.91 < = 3.58 .
= 0.13 = 0.13 20 = 0.58
. = 0.91 > = 0.58

:
)1 ( ):
:
= 0.7 = 0.7 0.58 = 0.41
1
) ( = 0.66 + 0.33 25
1
550 2 25
( = 0.66 + 0.33 ) = 1.32 < 1.5
300 2 25
( ). . 2 . (0.9 0.41) 3002 550
= =
3. . 1 . 1 . 3 1.32 250 500 240

2
 :
25
7 {250 + 500
= 18.75
4
= 36.75 2 = 180

721
0.35
= = . . . :

= 2 = 180
0.35
= 2. 300 180 = 39.38 2
240
= 39.38 2 :
. 2
= = 39.38 = 7.08 = 8
4
8/18
)2 :
1 + 1
2.
( )

=
2.8 . . 1 + 1
( ( ) ) 2.
{ +
. 82 240 250 + 500
2 ( ) = 314.2 2
4 320 180
2.8 300 180 0.91 82 240 250 + 500
( ( )2 ) = 1654.6 2
{ 320 0.91 + 0 4 320 180
= 1654.6 2

) ( = 39.38 2 .
( )
.

3
 ( 2)
40 40 = 40 .
45 .12

= 25 . = 400

. = 0
:
3 3 3 40 106
= = 2 = = 1.88
2 . . 4002 400
= 0.8 = 0.8 25 = 4
= 1.88 < = 4

= 0.13 = 0.13 25 = 0.65
) (sin + cos
. = 1.88 > = 0.65
= 0
1 350
( = 0.66 + 0.33 ( ) = 0.66 + 0.33 ) = 0.99 < 1.5
1 350
( ). . 2 . (1.88 0) 120 4002 400
= =
3. . 1 . 1 . )3 0.99 350 350 400 (sin 45 + cos 45
= 70.2 2

:
) (sin + cos 0.35
= = . .

. = 2 = 120:
0.35
= 2 120 400 = 21 2
400
= 70.2 2

4
 ( 3)
= 20 .
. = 25
-1 .
-2 .

3. 3 20 106 6 107
= = 2 =
. 2 3
-1
= 0.13 = 0.13 25 = 0.65
6 107
0.65 451.9
3
-2 <
= 0.8 = 0.8 25 = 4
6 107
<4 < 246.6
3

=0 = 246.6 = 451.9 =

-1
.

-2 262 252
3.
= =
0.85 . 2 .
-3
.

5
 -4 262
( )
= 0.13

-5

262 262
0.8 = 0.65
=
2 = 0.8
) 1 + (1.2

-6
:
( .)2
> > .
:
.1 :
262
0.16
=
2
) ( 1 +
1.2
:
113 .I
0.35
= = . . .

> 262 .II

= = . . .
.

1 . . . . . . . . .1 .1 ( ).
= { 0.5 . . . . . . . .2 .2 ( ).
0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 .3 ( ).
6
 .2 :
:
)a ():
264
0.16
=
2
) 1 + (1.2

:
. .I
113
0.35
= = . . .

> . .II
263
( ). . 2
=
3. . 1 . 1 .
1
= (0.66 + 0.33 ( )) 1.5
1

0.7 . . . . . . . . .1 .1 ( ).
= { 0.35 . . . . . . . .2 .2 ( ).
0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 .3 ( ).

)b ():
263
1 + 1
( ) 2.

=
2.8 . . 1 + 1
( ( ) ) 2.
{ +
.

7


( )
. :
.
+ =

.

.

(
) .

( ) ( )
60 ( ).
( ).
:
+ .
+ .

()

() +

()

( )

8
 2
7 30 75
30 / 20 . / = 240 = 400
= 20 . = = 7 .

30 /

.
20 . /


(
30 7
=
2 ).

105 103
= = = 0.61
0.85 . 0.85 300 680
20 7
= .
2 3. 3. 3 70 106
= = = = 3.11
2 . 2 . 3002 750
= 0.13 = 0.13 20 = 0.58
> .
= 0.65 = 0.65 20 = 2.91
0.8 0.8 20
= = = 3.48
2
2
)1 + (1.2 0.61
) 1 + (1.2 3.11

< < .

0.16 0.16 20
= = = 0.16
2 2
) ( 1 + ) 1 + ( 3.11
1.2 1.2 0.61
> .
:
= 1 = 0.16

= = . . .

9
 . = 10 = 2
102 0.61 0.16
2 = 300 = 279.3
4 240

30
= 30
10 { 75
= = 34
2 2

0.16 0.16 20
= = = 0.7
2
2
)1 + (1.2 0.61
) 1 + (1.2 3.11

> .
1 700
( = (0.66 + 0.33 ( )) = 0.66 + 0.33 ) = 1.58 > 1.5 = 1.5
1 250
:
= 0.7 = 0.7 0.7 = 0.49
( ). . 2
=
3. . 1 . 1 .
= 12 = 3.11
(122 ) (3.11 0.49) 3002 750
= = 120.9
4 3 1.5 250 700 240

25

10 { 1 + 1
= 237.5
4

:
:
+ =

11



= 120.9
= 100 = 269.3
10
100
10
( 3 )
10 = 200 200
10 100 .


: 10 20
12 10

.

1 + 1 122 240 250 + 700

2. ( )=2 ( ) = 1289.3 2
4 400 100
2.8 . . 1 + 1
= ( ( ) ) 2. =
+
2.8 .300. 100 3.11 122 240 250 + 700
( ( ) 2. ) = 378.6 2
{ 400 3.11 + 0.61 4 400 100
= 1289.3 2

( )
( 12 12
)10 24 .

12
.
( 2 )3
.

11


2
.
5
01 2016-11-02

( 1)

40 40
( = 42

1.5 )
0.8

9
. = = 400 , = 25 , = 35 :

( )

( ((
( ) ( .) = 42

( ) :
= 42
NT

= 42 1.5 = 63 .
= 42 0.8 = 33.6 .
RE

( ))
.
FE

3 3 33.6 106
= = = 1.58
2 . 4002 400
42 103
DIF

= = = 0.35
0.85 . 0.85 400 350

0
 = 0.13 = 0.13 25 = 0.65
. >
= 0.65 = 0.65 25 = 3.25
0.8 0.8 25
= = = 3.87
2
2
)1 + (1.2 0.35
) 1 + (1.2 1.58

< < .

0.16 0.16 25
= = = 0.21
2 2
) ( 1 + ) 1 + ( 1.58
1.2 1.2 0.35
> .

:

= 1 = 0.21

. = = . . .

= 2 . = 9
0.35 0.21
= 2 = 6.3 2 400 90
400
.

NT

0.16 0.16 25
= = = 0.77
2
2
)1 + (1.2 0.35
) 1 + (1.2 1.58

RE

> .
1 350
FE

( = (0.66 + 0.33 ( )) = 0.66 + 0.33 ) = 0.99 < 1.5

1 350
:
DIF

= 0.7 = 0.7 0.77 = 0.54

:
= 2 , = 9

2
 ( ). . 2

=
3. . 1 . 1 .
(1.58 0.54) 90 4002 400

=
= 41.2 2
3 0.99 350 350 400

( (
(
: + =

= 6.3 + 41.2 = 47.5 2

:
2
= = 47.5 = 7.78 = 8
4
8 9 :

1 + 1 400 350 + 350
2.

( ) = 2 41.2 ( ) = 640.9 2
400 90
2.8 . . 1 + 1
= ( ( ) ) 2. =
+
2.8 .400. 90 1.58 400 350 + 350
{( ( ) 2 41.2 ) = 963.7 2
400 1.58 + 0.35 400 90
= 963.7 2
( )1

:
( = ) (
NT

:
( ) = 0.5 ::
RE

535.5 1 535.5
= = . 350 = 90.98
630 + 2 630 + 400

= 0.85 . . . (
FE

)
2
= 0.9
DIF

90.98
= 0.9 0.85 25 400 90.98 (350 ) 106
2
= 211.9 .

3
 = 63 > = 211.9

). ( >

) = 0.85 . . . ( ) 63 106 = 0.9 0.85 25 400 (350
2 2
= 24.38
= :
0.85 . . = . 0.85 25 400 24.38 = 400 = 518 2
0.9 0.9
= > = 518 2 = . 400 350 = 315 2
400




8 :
2 . 963.7

= = 12.4 = 14
4 8
( (




( (
. ()))
.
( 6 ).



3 ( 8
. :
.
3 3
NT

= = 963.7
8 8

= 361.4 2


RE

. = 518.3 2

. :
FE

=
+ = 361.4 + 518

= 879.4 2
DIF

. .
( 6 :
2 . 879.4
= = 13.7 = 14
4 6
4
 6 14 .

2 14
( .

3 14

(
8 9
).
.

: ( )1
...

.

( )

NT

-1
.
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.

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10 15 20
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191
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FE

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242 :
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114
112
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= 50 . = 40
FE

450 500 600

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15 16 15

8
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40
( ).
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(

618

618
( 1 1



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Lb Lb
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418 4 418
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NT

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. + Lb
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291 { = 299
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NT

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FE
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01


2
.
6
8 2016-11-09

= 35 / = 160
{ =
= 90
( 1)
= 30 / 110

50 12

55
48
616 20


1 2 25
.
= 20 = 400 = 0
40 550 40 485 40 550 40
( )
590 525 590
( ).

.
( )
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.

-1 .
.


160

35 + 30 = 65 /

35 /
)
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= 160

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.

1
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160
65 /
35 / 35 /
.
.

-3 .
90 .
65 / 65 /
35 /
.
5.9 5.25 5.9

( )...

). (


=
. 3 : ) . 1 + 2 (1 + 2 ) + . 2 = 6. ( +
=
24 = 0 =
. 2 65 5.93 35 5.253 90 5.252
= ( 2. . (5.9 + 5.25) + . (5.25) = 6. + + )
16 24 24 16
= 200.86 .
( ) .
( ) .15%
= 200.86 0.85 = 170.73 .
.
65 /



.

5.9 170.73 .

5.92
5.9 + 170.73 = 65 = 162.81
2

2
 65 /
() = 162.81 + 65

.

5.9 170.73 .
= 0 . = 2.5
= 162.81

2
() = 162.81 65
2
= 2.5

+
= 203.9 .

. .

-4 .
1100
+
= 203.9 .
120


550 .
480
535.5 535.5
= = . 550
630 + 630 + 400
250 = 285.95 > 120
T .
. = 0.85 .
400 = 0.85 20 (250 285.95 + (1100 250) 120) = 7373.2 2
1
= = 3686.6 2
2
. = 0.85 .
3686.6 400 = 0.85 20 (1100 ) = 78.86 < 120
.

= 0.85 . . ( )
2
78.86
= 0.9 0.85 20 1100 78.86 (550 ) 106 = 677.64 .
2

3
 . = 203.9 < = 677.64


203.9 106 = 0.9 0.85 20 1100 (550 ) = 22.49
2
=
0.85 . = . 0.85 20 1100 22.49 = 400 = 1051.4 2

0.9 0.9
= = . . 250 550 = 309.4 2
400
. = 1051.4 > = 309.4

-5 .
160
65 / .
35 /

5.9 5.25 5.9 .
: ) . 1 + 2 (1 + 2 ) + . 2 = 6. ( +
65 5.93 65 5.253 160 5.252
( 0 + 2. . (5.9 + 5.25) + . (5.25) = 6 + + )
24 24 16
22.3 + 5.25 = 7342.58 1
: ) . 1 + 2 (1 + 2 ) + . 2 = 6. ( +
65 5.253 35 5.93 160 5.252
( . (5.25) + 2. . (5.25 + 5.9) + 0 = 6 + + )
24 24 16
5.25 + 22.3 = 5802.24 2
1 2
= 283.73 . = 193.39 .

.
( ) .15%
= 283.73 0.85 = 241.17 .
= 193.39 0.85 = 164.38 .

4
 .

160 .
65 / 65 / 164.38 . =
8
241.17 .



5.9 5.25
1 2 .
5.92
241.17 + 65
= 1 2 = 232.63
1
5.9
5.25 5.252
241.17 164.38 + 160 + 65
= 2 2 2 = 265.25
2
5.25
= 1 + 2 = 232.63 + 265.25 = 497.88
497.88 0.4
= 241.17 = 216.28 .
8
.

15% .
.

( ) .

-6 616
6 1 , 2
.
65 /

.

)1 ~(416
5.9

= 162.81 .
416

4 162
1 ~416 = ) (416 = 804.25 2
4


= . = 0.85 . .
804.25 400 = 0.85 20 1100 = 17.2 < 120
5
 .
17.2
1 = 0.9 804.25 400 (550 ) 106 1 = 156.75 .
2
2
() = 162.8 65 ) (
2
2 = 1.3
156.75 = 162.8 65 { = 3.71
. 2
12 = 12 16 = 192
{ = = 275

= 275
2
= 0
(
)
400

1 = 1300
2
= 1300 275 200
1 2
1 = 825 = 0.825
= 1300 400
= 3710 2 = 5900 3710
400 400 2
5900
2 = 1715 = 1.715
-7 .
392
400
0.016 2 = 0.016 162 = 366.36
= 20 = 480
0.075 . = 0.075 16 400 = 480
{ 300
1 = 825 480 1 = 345
.
2 = 1715 480 2 = 1235

590
= { 550 + 55 = 605 = 577.5
1.05 550 = 577.5
1

1300 .
400 400
5900
5775 1 ( )
137.5 137.5
1 = 1300 275 137.5 1 = 887.5


.
6
 333

2

.1



.3

. = . . (0.9)

392
( ).


. 12 +
2
. { 12 + .2
2
. 20
2
. .1
.3


0.9
.2 ( 25 )
25
:
( . 40 ).

.
.

1
> 416 616
2

7
 162
= 400 4 0.9 550 106 = 159.24 .
4
= = 162.82
= 480
159.24 106
480 498.2
162.82 103
400
12 16 + = 392
2
max 550 480
12 16 + = 467
2
{ 30 16 = 480
= 480
= 400 = 480
.

1
> 416
616
2
2
162.82 103
= 804.25 = 452.28 2
0.9 400
> 25 16 = 400
= 400
.

=
.
( .)

(
).
( 32)
.

2
.
7
11 2016-11-16

( )

( )

( ) . ( )
( )1 :

-1 :


2
1 45


( )

2 :
45

: ) = 2 + 2 (1 2

goo.gl/CcVGzu 2 .
1 .
2 .

( )
:
=
0.9 .
= 2 . .

2 .

.

.
.

1
 )(40 50
( ):
-2 V
( 1 ).

2 :


=
2. sin

=
0.9
.
.

).(40 50
.


.

). (
.

: -1
12

:
50
) = 2 + 2(1 2
48 = 20 + 2 (55 50) = 30
20
5
160 103
= =
0.9 0.9 240
25
= 740.74 2

. = 160

= 740.74 = 2
: = 8
82
740.74 = 2 = 7.37 = 8
4
= 8 8 = 30
:
30
= = 4.3
81

2
 : = 10

102
740.74 = 2 = 4.7 = 5
4
30
= = 7.5
51
.

:
-2
510/ = 30
. = 45

= 7
160
= = = 113.14
2 sin 2 sin
113.14 103
= = = 314.27 2
0.9 0.9 400
2.
=
4
:
3 25
2.
314.27 = 3 = 11.55 = 12 312
4
( ) .216

) (,



.
2 1



( ) ( ).
. ,

)
(
( )


( ).

3
 = 40 = 60 = 40
= 30 = 36 / = 50 = 30
( 1)
= 45 /

) (40 55 55

40 = 0 , = 5 , = 20 , = 400
. :

1.4 4 1.4
40 40

-1 .
30 110 70
81 /
45 /

-2
4.
30 110 30

81 /
.
45 / 45 /
5
1.4 4 1.4


30 1.4 + .
1.42
45 = 535.5 535.5
2 = = . 500
. . . . 630 + 630 + 400
= 259.95
:
1
= . = 129.98
2
81 42 110 4

( + ) 86.1 = . .
8 4 :+
129.98
+ = 0.85 fc . . . ( ) = 0.9 0.85 20 400 129.98 (500 ) 106
2 2
+ = 346.04 .
= 185.9 . < + = 346.04 . .

4

) = 0.85 fc . . . ( ) 185.9 106 = 0.9 0.85 20 400 (500
2 2
= 64.97
= 0.85 . . = . 0.85 20 400 64.97 = 400 = 1104.49 2
2.
= 4 = 18.75 420
4
-3 .
420 .220
:1 ~220

202
(220) = 2 = 628.32 2
4
= 0.85 . . = . 0.85 20 400 = 400 628.32 = 36.96
36.96
1 = 0.9 0.85 20 400 36.96 (500 ) 106 1 = 108.92 .
2
30 110 30
81 /
45 / 45 /
.
2 1
1.4 4 1.4 :

)30 + 110 + 30 + (45 1.4) + (45 1.4) + (81 4

= = = = 310
2
. 1
1.4 2
() = 30 (1.4 + ) 45 1.4 ( + ) 81 + .
2 2
81 2
() = + 217 86.1
2
.
1 = 108.92 .
81 2 = 4.22
108.92 = + 217 86.1 { 1
2 2 = 1.14
( ) 1 2 = 1.14 .

2 .
.

5
 2 = 12 20 = 240
{ = 500 = 250
= )( = 0 = 250
2 2

400
0.016 2 = 0.016 202 = 572.4
= 20 = 600
0.075 . = 0.075 20 400 = 600
{ 300
400
= 1140 = 1140 200 600 250 = 90
2

= 1.14

40 40
-5 V
).(20 50
. :

= + = 110
.

( 2)
= 56 /
5
) , = 5 = 20 = 400 (30 60 :

-1 4 .
:
40 40 +
. 2 56 52
5 = = = 175 .
8 8
) .
4 (
= 418 :

6
 .
-2
3
(
)

:
2 1

= 65.7 = 65.7
7 7
.
5 8/10 = 450 5
= 460


210 3 =
.

( ) 20%
.
.210
218 2 =



( ) .

12
(

218 1 =

= 5 ) :
8/10
5 ( )

( ).


= 5
12 40
12
40 40 ( ).
12 40 :
.
) (0 /3

( )
50 40

.
.
7
 10 + 15 = 25 / ( 3)

5 5 10 , = 18 15

40 = 240 = 400 = 30
. = 0.5 40 :
10
-1 .
45 ,
35
191 ( ).


20
.

25 / .
.
5 5 -
-1
2
2
= . . ) (
9
= . . 2
24 = 535.5 535.5
24 = = . 400
. . 630 + 630 + 400
= 207.96 < 350
.
2
2
= . . = . .
11 11 = = 103.98
2
103.98
= 0.9 0.85 18 200 103.98 (400 ) 106 = 99.66 .
2
.
-1

69.44 106 = 0.9 0.85 18 200 (400 ) = 68.98
2
= 0.85. . . = . 0.85 18 200 68.98 = 400 = 527.7 2

0.9 0.9
= = . 200 400 = 180 2
400
= 527.7 > = 180 .

8
 :
2.
= 527.7 = 2 = 18.3 220
4
-2

26.04 106 = 0.9 0.85 18 200 (400 ) = 24.38
2
0.85 18 200 24.38
= > = 186.5 2
400
:
2.
= 186.5 = 2 = 10.9 212
4

400
-2
100
= 207.96 > 100
450
350 T .
= ((400 200) 100) + (200 207.96) = 61592 2

200 = 0.5 = 30796 2

30796 = 400 = 77 < 100
.
77
+ = 0.9 0.85 18 400 77 (400 ) 106 + = 153.32 .
2
+
= 56.82 < = 153.32 .

56.82 106 = 0.85 0.9 18 400 (400 ) = 26.68
2
0.85 18 400 26.68
= = 408.2 2
400
4 :
2.
= 408.2 = 4 = 11.4 412
4
: (
) ( )
.

9
 -2 .
10 + 15 = 25 / 191

=5 =5 30
30/2 = 15 .
0.9
= 1 2
2
. .

1
:
15 15 0.9
:1
2
) (0.45
15 15
0.45 = 0.55
)
(
2 0.9
0.45 1.2 :
1 = 2
2
0.4 (0.45 + 0.55) 0.45
= 1 = 2.25
1
0.9
2 = 1 = 52.5
1 1
1 1 0.15

0.55
2 = 71.25
2
0.6 ( )
2 3
( ).

( ).
( )
.
. 2 /24

-3
.
0 .
.10/10

11
 /4 = 117.5 0 /3 = 156.7 0 /3 = 156.7 /4 = 117.5

1 50 2 50 3 50 4 50 5

40

6 7 8 9
5 10/10 = 460 5 5 10/10 = 460 5
0.1 = 47 0.15 = 70.5 0.15 = 70.5 0.1 = 47

30 470 30 470 30

2 = 210 = 4 210

1 = 212 3 = 220 5 = 212

= 7 212 8 = 212

9 = 212
40
= 6 212

5 4 = 518 2: 1 1 (
0.9 )
= . . = 315 2 < = 518 2

) (9 ) + (
11 ( ) = 1

)(6 ) + ( 7
0 /3 0 /3

) ( 2) + (
= 2

)(4 ) + ( 5

6 :
/5 /5 3 1 .

6 8 : .

:
= . .8
4 .2 :

11


2
.
8
8 2016-11-16

Slabs

.
)2+1
)1 )2+1
) .

.
.
.

)
.


)

)

.
.

1

) = (4 8

2 3 .4
4 6 .8
) = (5 7

.7 5

14 8 .
) = (2 3

:
-1 .

-2 .2

2

2
1 . 1
= 2
2 . 2
1
1 .
2 .
. .
0.87

= 1
0.76
= 0.87
= 0.76

2
 ) )

)


3


.

1.5

1 1 .


6

.
2 2

2.5

3 .
3 3
4.5 5 1.2




)


.



.

.
).(2.5 3

3
 -1


1.5

).

6

)


.

1 . 1 6 0.87
= = = 1.33 < 2
2 . 2 4.5 0.87
1 = 6
4.5 5 1.2

1 = 0.87
2 = 4.5 .2 = 0.87
< 2 .


.

5
< : = 1.2 , = = 1.67
3 3 3 .
4.5 5 1.2
6
< : = 1.5 , = = 2 .
3 3 3
1 . 1 6 0.87
= = = 1.2 < 2
6 6 1.5 2 . 2 5 0.87
< 2 .
1 = 6
1 = 0.87 2 = 5 )
.2 = 0.87
= 1.33 < 2 = 1.2 < 2 .

4
 ,
)
.


.

10

.

) ).
10 10

.

3

5 6 0.87
1.5

= 1 = 2.67 > 2
2.25 0.87
6 0.87
= 2 = 3.05 > 2
1 2 3 4 6 2.25 0.76
5 3
6

2
6
< = 1.5 = =2
3 3
5
7 8 9 10 6 0.87
= 3 = 2.75 > 2
2.5 0.76
6

4
1
6
< = 1.5 5 = = 2
3 3
2.25 2.25 2.5 2.5 1.2 2.5
= > = 1.2 6 = 0.83
3 3
6 0.87
= 4 = 2.75 > 2
2.5 0.76
.7 = 2.67 , 8 = 3.05 , 9 = 2.75 , 10 = 2.4 > 2
.
) ( < 2 .

5
 -2
-1
7 8 9 10
1
2.25 2.25 2.5 2.5
2
).
1 2 3 4 6 )1
2.25 2.25 2.5 2.5 1.2 .

5 3
3
1.5
.

-2

142
.

.
8 .)...
10 .)...
4 .
)
4 225
1 = 7 = 8.33
6. 27
225

2 = 8 = 7.5
30
.5
250
3 = 4 = 9 = 8.33
12 30
5 .15 120
6 = 12
10

150

5 = 15
10
. 250
10 = 9.26
27


. 1 10 = 12 , 5 = 15

6

3
>
4

3
> 4 = 12 = 11.25
4 5
5 .4

-3


.



.
).

) (
)11 (30 60
.
.
.
.
30 60
50

.


.

7
 . = 12

450 500
150

135
= 15

)81 (30 60 )82 (30 60

1 1
)22 (30 50

)32 (30 50

)52 (30 50
)12 (30 50

)42 (30 50

= 12
195 195 220 220 105
570
600

2 2
)71 (30 60 )72 (30 60
= 12

)21 (30 50

)31 (30 50

)51 (30 50
)11 (30 50

)41 (30 50
600

570

3 3
)61 (30 60 )62 (30 60

225 225 250 250 120

2
.
9
9 2016-11-23

-4
:


1 = . .1
( ) , = 25 /3 .
.2
37 2 = 2 3 /2
( ) .
.7 ()
( )
()
:

= ) (/2

(

) .

) (
).(

.

1
 )( 8 10 15 20 .
2 2.3 3 3.8 = 3 1.5

1.1 1.5 2.2 3
.50%


" " ( :)/2

37-37
) = 1.4 + 1.7 (/2
:
1 = 25 0.12 = 3 /2
1 (=0.15) = 25 0.15 = 3.75 /2
: 2 = 2.5 /2
: ( )8
( ):
10 . = 2.3 /2
.3.2
.3 + 2.2 = 5.5
))2.3 (5.5 (3.2 0.12
= 3 1.5 3 = 2.16 /2
4.5 6
.
.
37
= 2 /2 . = 4 /2
:

/2
:
7.7 3.4
)7.7 = 1.4 (3 + 2.5
10.72 3.4
)10.72 = 1.4 (3 + 2.5 + 2.16
12 7.7 6.8 3.4 = 1.7 2
15 8.75 6.8

2
 -5
:

201
= 2 / ( 8-8 ).
(+) .
() .
, ( ) ,
( ).
:
- .
- .
- 25% .

...

15% ( ).
( = 2 /20 )
( = 2 /24 ).

.

.

.

1 = 1 1.4
.
.

1 1 .1
1.4 .
1

3


( )
:

.1

= 2 /10 .
.2

. = 2 /12


( )
.

:
.
.
.
( ).

( )
.
()
.
/
10.72 + 3.4
7.7 + 3.4
-1 1
2.25 2.25 2.5 2.5
:
20 10 12 10 20
/
10 12 12 10

.1
3.57 7.15 5.93 6.94 3.47

7.15 6.94
201 :
5.96 5.78
. = 2 /
.
4
 1.93
-2 2
/
7.7 +
7.7 + 3.4 6.8 .
2.25 2.25 2.5 2.5 1.2 60
1.93 10
= 2.3 /2
7.7 + 6.8
1 = 0.6 1 2.3 1.4 = 1.93
(7.7 + 6.8) 1.22
= 12.76 . + 1.93 1.2 2 :
2

:
:
7.7 + 3.4
2 /12 2 /20
2.25 2.25 2.5 2.5

20 10 12 10 20 :
10 12 12 10
= 12.76 .
.
2.81 5.62 5.22 6.94 5.78 = 5.78 .
. = 12.76 .
5.62 4.68 5.78 6.94

1.93
= 12.76 . .

7.7 + 6.8
7.7 + 3.4 ( .)1

12.76
6.94 5.78



6.94
( )2
12.76

6.94
( )7
12.76 .
0.56 = 6.94
2

5
 1.93 1.93
2 3
7.7 + 3.4 7.7 7.7 7.7 + 6.8

1.2 1.2

7.7 1.22
= 7.86 + 1.93 1.2 12.76
2
6.94 6.94

(7.7 + 3.4) 2.52 7.86 7.7 2.52 12.76

= 3.01 = 1.57
10 2 10 2

.
.

2.81 5.62 5.22 6.94 12.76
1.57
.

5.62 4.68 5.78 3.01

-7 7
1.93
20.39 . :
8.75 + 6.8

1.5

-6

( )
.
( ) ( ).
1
.
( ).
1
( ).

)
(

=
1000 0.8 .
. ( )

6
 241

:
0.0025
{ =
0.0015
0.002
{ =
0.0012
= .
=
( ) = + 271
0

= 0.18 :


.2 3
:

1 6
{
10 8
:
20
{ 8
2
5 ) .(1
8 .

:
1

4
1


1000
1.2
{ 1000
3 .25
7 ) .(1

7
 1
6
10
:
20 ( ).



.

.
.

:
= 420 = 20 .2
:
:

1 1 535.5 1 535.5
= = = . 100 = 25.5
2 2 630 + 2 630 + 420
25.5
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2 2
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=
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270
20
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8
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420
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7.15 106

= = 2.36 0.9 = 51.02
. 1000 0.85 20
2 = 51.02 + 20 = 71.02
= 7.1
= 71.02 1000 = 71020 2

2
= { 0.002 120000 = 144 2
0.0012 71020 = 142.04
= 12 = 144 2 < = 177.04 2
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2
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01
4 2016-11-23

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6
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26
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15 4 = 0
2 .4 = 0
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5 = 2.5 0.5 = 1.25 / 2.5 /2
= 3 /2
= 3 0.5 = 1.5 /
= 1.4 = 5.7 / = 1.7 = 2.55 /
80 = 2.2 /2
= 1.4 2.2 0.8 = 2.46 /
:


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2 :

= 5.7 + = 2.55 /
.

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60 35.
63
32.
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0.6 + 0.63
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63 8
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34
26 .
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= 3 0.95 = 2.85 /
60 35/2
= 20.13 /
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= 4.85 /
23

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1 = 25 0.08 0.675 = 1.35 /
51.5 8
0.515 + 0.5
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2
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26
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.
50 35/2
67.5
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.
5 = 2.5 0.675 = 1.69 /
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+ 3.45 = 2.46 /
.

6 6 1.5
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23
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= 500
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. = 400 = 20
4.65 4.65

-1 .
.
243
:
465
4.65 4.65 = 25.8
18
231
:
1 2
400
1 = 25
4 1.2 16
120
2 = 15
8
= 26


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31
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6
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26
20 . = 18

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18
1 = 25 0.06 0.5 = 0.75 /
2 = 25 0.18 0.2 = 0.9 /
5.46 + 2.13 = 7.59 / 3 = 5 0.15 = 0.75 /
11 12 4 = 3 0.15 = 1.5 /
4.65 4.65 = 2.5 0.5 = 1.25 /
= 5.46 / = 2.13 /

:
20 9 20
11 11

.
18.23
122
8.2 8.2
= 2 /
295
14.92 14.92
22 3 .

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.
= 17.65
7.59 4.65 = 40.59 17.65
2
1.15 7.59 4.65
:
40.59 1
= 18.23 = 13.16 .
8
)(50 26
= 3
260
. = 26 3 = 23
. = /2
500

34
 535.5
= 0.5 230 = 59.79
630 + 400

59.79
= 0.9 0.85 20 500 59.79 (230 ) 106
2

= 91.53 . > 13.16 .

13.16 106 = 0.9 0.85 20 500 (230 ) = 7.6
2
212 400 = 0.85 20 500 7.6 = 161.5 2
500
0.9
60 = 180 230 = 93.15 2 < 161.5 2
400
= 161.5 2 = 212
260
:
:
180 212 400 = 0.85 20 180 = 29.57
0.85 0.85 230 29.57
( = 630 ( ) = 630 ) = 3535.2 > 400
29.57

29.57
= 0.9 0.85 200 180 29.57 (230 ) 106

= 17.53 .
2
17.53 .

13.16 .

.

.

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+ 1.15 2 +
2 2 2
2.15
2.15 2
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13.16 . 22



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1 20.3
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20.3 + = :
20.3 + = 7.59 4.65 = 14.99
:
40.59
= 20.3 20.3 + 14.99 20.3
2 = = 2.67
4.65
:

0.5 20.3
= = 16.5
4.65 17.65
2.67 0.5 2.67
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.
16.5
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2
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260
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= 1.8 /2
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0.5
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:
2 = 1.4 2.2 (3.2 0.26) 0.85 = 7.7 /
40.59
= 3 + = 81.18 /





. 81.12
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= 5.46 / = 2.13 /
:
5.46
= 3 81.18 = 58.4 /
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:
2.13
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4 1.2 .

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44 2016-12-07

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400 + 400 0.76 + 500 + 500 0.76 = 1584
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5
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> 2
.
)11 (40 50 )12 (40 50
3
= 14
)52 (40 50

)62 (40 50
)42 (40 50
500

460

)21 (40 50 )22 (40 50 )23 (40 50

2
990

)41 (40 50

)61 (40 50
)51 (40 50

)7 (40 50
490

460 370 410 120

410

)31 (40 50 )32 (40 50 )33 (40 50

1
500 450 450 120
1520

5
 -0 .
. )(
.
1 2
1 0.87 5
= 1 =1<2
0.87 5
0.87 5
3 4 5 6 = 2 = 1.22 < 2
0.87 4.1
2 0.87 4.5
= 3 = 1.1 < 2
0.87 4.1
0.87 4.5
3 4 5 = 4 = 1.26 < 2
0.76 4.1
= 1.4 < /3 = 1.56 .5
1 4.5
= 5 = 1.15 < 2
0.87 4.5

.

.
.
500 0.76 + 500 + 500 0.76 + 500
1 = 12.57
140
450 0.76 + 450 + 450 + 450
5 = 12.09
140
5 .
.
140
6 = 14
10
= 14

. -3
1 = 25 0.14 = 3.5 /2
2 = 2.5 /2

6
 . ( ) 1
)2.2 2 (3.2 0.14
= 3 1.5 = 0.81 /2
55
= 9.53 /2 = 8.4 / = 5.1 /2
2

-4 ( ( .
5 .

( . -1 /
.
1 .1
5 5
= =1
5
024026
5 4 :
= 0.05 = 0.05 14.63 52 = 18.29 /2
= 0.05 = 0.05 14.63 52 = 18.29 /2
+ +
, = 0.027 , = 0.027 9.53 52 = 6.43 /2
+ +
. = 0.027 , = 0.027 9.53 52 = 6.43 /2
+
, = 0.032
, = 0.032 5.1 52 = 4.08 /2
+
, = 0.032
, = 0.032 5.1 52 = 4.08 /2
= 9.53 /2 + = 6.43 + 4.08 = 10.51 /2
= 5.1 /2 + = 6.43 + 4.08 = 10.51 /2
= 14.63 /2
.0
2
5 = 4.1 , = 5 = 0.82

4 .
/ = 0.82 :
4.5

7
 = 0.069 = 0.069 13.5 4.12 = 15.66 /2
= 0.031 = 0.031 13.5 52 = 10.46 /2
+ +
, = 0.037 , = 0.038 8.4 4.12 = 5.37 /2
+ +
. = 0.017 , = 0.017 8.4 52 = 3.57 /2
+
, = 0.046
, = 0.046 5.1 4.12 = 3.94 /2
+
, = 0.021
, = 0.021 5.1 52 = 2.68 /2
= 8.4 /2 + = 5.37 + 3.94 = 9.31 /2
= 5.1 /2 + = 3.57 + 2.68 = 6.25 /2
= 13.5 /2

10.51 6.25
1 2
(
(
.
18.29 10.46

18.29 15.66

10.51 9.31 -0 ( :
(
18.29
15.66
:
(

10.51 9.31
.
2.63 1.18 = 1.45
0.45
:
1.18 = 18.29 15.66 = 2.63 .
0.45 1.18 = 0.53
17.11 ( ( )18.29
( ()15.66
) ( (
:

10.51 + 0.53 = 11.04 9.31

8
 2 4.1
= = 2.63 2.63 = 1.18 .
1 + 2 5 + 4.1
18.29 1.18 = 17.11 . (
15.66 + (2.63 1.18) = 17.11 . (
. (
( (
( (
.
0.45 . (
/
( ) = .
.

-3 ( :
17.11
(
20%( ) .
11.04 9.31 -4 (
0.45 0.45 ( (
() .
1.54 1.54
0.2 17.11 = 3.42
12.58 13.69 10.85
= 4.19
3 3
= 3.62
13.69

12.58 10.85
12.58 10.85

3 :
4.5 .1

= 4.5 , = 5 = 0.9
5

9
 2 ( ( .
( 1 2 (
.
3 4 :
= 0.04 = 0.04 13.5 52 = 13.5 .
+
, = 0.022 + = ((0.022 8.4) + (0.026 5.1)) 52 = 7.94 .
+
, = 0.026
.0

= 4.1 , = 4.5 = 0.91 0.9
4
4.5 9 .
8 9 8
4.1
.
/ = 0.9 ./ = 0.91
= 0.068 = 0.068 13.5 4.12 = 15.43 .
+
, = 0.026 + = ((0.026 8.4) + (0.036 5.1)) 4.12 = 6.76 .
+
, = 0.036

5 .3
4.5
.

4.5 = 4.5 , = 4.5 = 1

6( 6 7) .
( ) :

= 0.071 = 0.071 13.5 4.52 = 19.41 .
+
, = 0.033 + = ((0.033 8.4) + (0.035 5.1)) 4.52 = 9.23 .
+
, = 0.035

41
 (.
4 5 6
= 19.41 15.43 = 3.98 .
( 19.41:
4.1
( 3.98 ) = 1.9 .
4.1 + 4.5
13.5 15.43 15.43 19.41
( 15.2 :
4.5
( 3.98 ) = 2.08 .
7.94 6.76 9.23 4.1 + 4.5
19.41
15.43 15.43 (
13.5
( .
7.94 6.76 9.23
2.08
0.87 0.51 0.45 = 15.43 13.5 = 1.93 .
1.06 ( 15.2:
1.9 0.83
5
14.37 17.51 ( 1.93 ) = 1.06 .
4.1 + 5
( 13.5 :
7.94 6.76 10.06 4.1
( 1.93 ) = 0.87 .
4.1 + 5
( ( .
( (
2.08 1.06 (
( ( . 0.51
14.37 17.51 ( .20%
2.58
: :
7.94 6.76 10.06
13.5 :
1.29 = 1.4 0.8 2.3 1 = 2.58
2.87 1.58 1.4
3.19 3.5 1.42
= 13.5 + 2.58 1.4 = 16.84 .
2
11.5 14.01
(
9.23 9.95 11.64
( ( .
9.23 11.5 14.01 16.84
= 3.08
3

9.23 9.95 11.64

44


2
.
51
7 2016-12-14

-2 202

.

2

:
1 1 = 1 .
1 2 2 = 2 .

.
1 2 802 .
2 1
.
0.76 2 .
1 2 802
:
1 .
1 2
2 = 13.5 /2 1 = 14.68 /2
5 0.87 5 = 0.33
= 1 =1{ 1
0.87 5 2 = 0.33
0.87 5 = 0.22
= 2 = 1.22 { 1
5 4.1 0.87 4.1 2 = 0.46

5
 1 = 2
0.46 13.5 = 6.21
0.33 14.68 = 4.84
5 4.1 2 > 1 .

6.05
12.71
5.22
.1 + 2 = 1

1
11 9.49 802
.

202
-3
.
01 02
02 = 2 . . 22 :2
01 = 1 . 02 :1
1 2 802 = 2 /1 :
01 02 820
.
:
3 4 5
2
4.5 4.5 = 0.0511
= 3 = 0.9 { 2
5 1 = 0.831
5 4.1 4.5 4.1 = 0.0502
= 3 = 0.91 { 2
4.5 1 = 0.848
4.5 = 0.0423
= 3 =1{ 2
11.61 11.39 11.56 4.5 1 = 1
0.6 11.61 0.6 11.39 0.3 11.56 :
. = . = . . . = .
3 : 02 = 0.0511 13.5 4.52 = 13.97 .
01 = 0.831 13.97 = 11.61 .
= . = . .
0.85 11.61 0.75 11.39 4 : 02 = 0.0502 13.5 4.12 = 11.39 .

3.48 6.9 6.89 5 : 02 = 0.0423 13.5 4.52 = 11.56 .

16.84
3.47
.
9.87 8.54 9.83 .
6.97 + 6.83
2
2
 (

) = 16.48 . .

( ) .
.

-6

1 .
1 ( 2 .)6
( )


.



.
2 1

.
1 + 2
=
2

( 2 .)7
) (
:

( ).
:
( .)58/
( .)46/
.

3
 -7
( )20
.
510/ 58/
710/ .
.

.
5
.

46/

140
58/

58/
710/
58/ 58/

450
510/

510/

58/

58/ 58/
450
58/
510/

510/
510/
510/

510/
58/

510/ 510/
500

58/
510/

58/
58/

500 490
3

4
 -2

.
.
:

-1
.

-2
20 35 .

-3


:

( ) .

. /2
) (/2 .

1 2

5 51 :

52 51
3 4 5
6
4.5 5
4.5 52 7

5 4.1 4.5 1.4 = 25

500
= 33.33 = 40
15

1
 30.38 36.58 :
1 = 1.4 25 0.25 (0.4 0.14) = 2.28 /
27.68 27.68
2 = 1.4 0.85 2.3 (3.2 0.4) = 7.66 /
14.63 5
1 : = = 36.58 /
2.28 + 7.66 = 9.94 2 2
13.5 4.1
2 , 4 : = = 27.68 /
4.5 5 2 2
13.5 4.5
3 , 5 : = = 30.38 /
2 2
5:

( ) /2
.
2
1 - 1 : :
) ( = 1 . ) ( = 1 .
3 2
2 1
= = - :
3 2
226
5 :
2 1 4.1 2
1 = 3 = , 2 = 1 . ( ) = 0.776
3 3 5
55.81
50.21 1 4.1 2
4 = 1 . ( ) = 0.723
3 4.5
4.5 5
2
30.38
9.94 + 36.58 + 0.776 27.68 = 55.81 /
3
2.58 2
9.94 + 30.38 + 0.723 27.68 = 50.21 /
3
21.48
13.5

1.4
9.94 :
21.48 4.5 7 .

6
7


2
.
61

8 2016-12-15

-1
1 .


2

10
2 /10 2 /12
8 .

802
2
:
12

.
1

. .
8

6
 -2
1

. 2 /35
2 /35

8 20%
.

. 0.2 1

2 /35
. 0.2 . 8

-3
.
./4


.
:

.

-1

.

2
 -8

.

.

-3
.


.

-4
.

-5 .

-6

.


.

3
 :
.
( ).

-4 131

3 1
:

3 1 .1
2

2
1/4 :
1 1
,
4 4

1/4 :
1 + 2 1 2 + 3 1
,
4 4
( )
:

: ( )
1.5 0.75
212 ( )
.

( ) : ( )
0.75
212 ( )


210
.


.

4
 .2




.

( ).



( ).
( )
:

-1 .
5

-8 610/
510/ .60 80

4 :
1
1 -1
4 4
1
< 1.25
5 4
-8
314 .
510
= 1 60 0.75 1.5 = 265.1 2
100
314
214 > 212
510/

610
214

214

2 = 80 0.75 1.5 = 425.11 2

100
314 > 212

610/ .
6 ) (100

5
 -5


.



.

.

-6

:

:
( )1
.

() :
( )8
2
/2 .
/2
45
.
:

=
0.85. 0 .
) = . ( + ). ( +
/2 .
, .

.
0 /2 0 = 2. ( + + 2) :
.

1
 -1
15

4 .
6

12 ) (6 5
6
.
( 15
5 5 5 ) .
. /2

/2

45 .
/2

45


. /2 .

.

.



.
( ) ( )
(
) ( ) .
(
) 101 157
800 .812

7


:


=
0.8 .

13 13 11 11
. :
...
1.2 4 ...
:
14 8



.

8
400 0.76 + 400 + 500 0.76 + 500 0.76
= 1464

( 3 ) 20 8 16 16 16 16 8 20
(20 + 8) 2 + 4 16 + 3 = 300 = 60
11
15.2 18 :7
15.2 ...
(
15.2 .15.43 ).
:2
:
31 32

11 12 13