Table of Contents

Course Guide ix xiii

Topic 1 Value and Purpose of Physical Education for Children 1

1.1 Why Children Need to Have Quality Physical Education 2
1.1.1 Benefits of Quality Physical Education 3
1.1.2 Factors that Influence Participation in Physical
Activity 5
1.2 Physical Education Components from Malaysias
Perspective 7
1.3 The Characteristics of Quality Physical Education 11
1.4 Issues in Implementing Quality Physical Education in
Malaysia 12
Summary 13
Key Terms 13
References 13

Topic 2 Skills Theme Approach 14

2.1 Definition of a Skills Theme Approach Towards Teaching
Physical Education 15
2.2 Characteristics of a Skills Theme Approach 15
2.3 The Skills Theme Approach in Relation With the Physical
Education Curriculum in Primary Schools 17
2.4 The Skills Theme Approach as Compared to the
Traditional Games Curriculum, Dance and Gymnastics 18
2.5 The Concept of Physical Fitness in the Skills Theme
Approach 19
2.6 Curriculum Diamond 19
Summary 21
Key Terms 22
Self-Test 22
References 22

Topic 3 Health Education 23

3.1 Philosophy, Aims and Objectives of Health Education 23
3.1.1 Health Education Philosophy 24
3.1.2 Aims 24
3.1.3 Objectives 24
3.1.4 Health Concept 26
3.1.5 Health Definition 27

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3.2 Optimum Health 27

3.2.1 Optimum Health Definition 27
3.2.2 Benefits of Optimum Health 28
3.3 Mental and Physical Health Problem 28
3.3.1 Mental Health 28
3.3.2 Health Physical Factors 29
3.4 Health Factors and Safety In Life 30
3.4.1 Genetics 30
3.4.2 Environment 30
3.4.3 Healthcare Service 31
3.5 Food Factors and Health 32
3.5.1 Nutrient Need Factors 32
3.5.2 Food Intake Management 39
3.6 Healthy and Active Lifestyles 40
Summary 40
Key Terms 41
Self-Test 41
References 41

Topic 4 Skills Theme, Movement Concept and National Standards 42

4.1 Understanding the Skills Theme, Movement Concept and
its Relationship 43
4.1.1 Skills Theme 44
4.1.2 Movement Concept 45
4.1.3 Relationship between Skills Theme and Movement
Concept 46
4.2 Physical Education Teaching Approach Using the National
Standards Based on NASPE 47
4.2.1 Physical Education Teaching Approach Based on
the National Standard 48
4.3 Skills Theme in Physical Education 49
4.4 Skills Theme Used in Sports 51
4.5 Movement Concept in Physical Education 52
4.5.1 Body Movement Awareness 53
4.5.2 Space Awareness 53
4.5.3 Movement Quality 54
4.5.4 Relationship 54
Summary 55
Key Terms 55
Self-Test 55
References 56

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Topic 5 Physical Fitness for Children 79

5.1 Current Focus on Physical Fitness for Children 57
5.2 The Components of Health- Related Fitness 59
5.2.1 Cardiovascular Endurance 60
5.2.2 Muscular Strength and Muscular Endurance 61
5.2.3 Flexibility 62
5.2.4 Body Composition 64
5.3 The Components of Skills-Related Fitness 65
5.3.1 Body Balance 66
5.3.2 Agility 68
5.3.3 Coordination 69
5.3.4 Power 70
5.3.5 Speed 72
5.3.6 Reaction Time 72
5.4 Physical Fitness and Physically Educated Person 74
Summary 76
Key Terms 77
Self-Test 77
References 77

Topic 6 Physical Fitness, Health and Wellness for Children 79

6.1 Physical Fitness and the Evaluation of Physical Fitness 80
6.2 Health and Wellness 83
6.3 Factors that Influence Individual Health, Wellness and
Physical Fitness 86
6.4 Help Philosophy 86
6.5 The Integration of Overall Wellness into Physical
Education Curriculum 87
6.5.1 Nutrition 90
6.5.2 Self-Safety/Individual Safety 90
6.5.3 Substance Abuse 91
6.5.4 Self and Social Responsibility 91
6.5.5 Mental and Emotional Health 92
Summary 93
Key Terms 93
Self-Test 93
References 94

Topic 7 Sports-Related Fitness and Healthy Lifestyle 95

7.1 What is Sports-Related Fitness? 95
7.2 Quality Physical and Sports Education Programme 98
7.3 Sports Approach on Physical Education 98

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7.3.1 Injury Prevention 99

7.3.2 Safety 100
7.3.3 Administration 103
7.3.4 Issues in Sports and Games 103
Summary 104
Key Terms 104

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