ธาตุมัญชรีสมบูรณ์pdf 2

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- 1 26
- 6 31
- 4 35
- 10 39
7
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2 42
- 5 44
- 8 46
- 9 49
- 7 52
- 3 64
- 2 74
3
110
111
113
luq! (First Future) 113
q! (Second Future) 114
! (Conditional) 114
AazIilR! (Benedictive) 115
ilq! (Perfect Past Tense) 128
- 128
- 139
lu! (Aorist Past Tense) 144
- lu! 1 144
- lu! 2 145
- lu! 3 145
- lu! 4 145
- lu! 5 145
- lu! 6 146
- lu! 7 146
8
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169
170
172
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175
5 - 176
205
207
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1 1
1 . 1

()
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seq
! #

Ainq! #

veq! #

10
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1
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2
13 33

A Aa # $ % ^ \ @ @e Aae AaE
a i u e ai o au

A Aa # $ % ^ @ @e Aae AaE \
- -a i- -I u U e E -ae -aE &

33 2
25 8
2
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5
5

1 2 3 4 5
k o g " '

k kh g gh

c D j H |

c ch j jh

q Q f F [

h h

t w d x n

t th d dh n

p ) b - m

p ph b bh m

y r l v z ; s h
y r l v s h

3
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2
Aahar ()
Aa
har

( ! )

k! + A = k () k! + Aa = ka ()
k! + # = ik () k! + $ = kI ()
k! + % = ku () k! + ^ = kU ()
k! + @ = ke () k! + @e = kE ()
k! + Aae = kae () k! + Aa = ka ()
k! + \ = k () k! + = k ()
r () % () ^ ()
r! + % = r! + ^ =
r
r + v = vR svR () r + m = mR
kmR ()
r () \ ,
(, )
4
:
1) ( ! )

()

k! o! g! k kh g
gc!Dit gacchati
2) ( < )

mgl magala
sSkt saskta
3) ( : )
()

ram> rma ( )
jna> jan ( )
AiGn> agni ( )
5
:
4) ( = )
( )

kae=ip kopi
2
2 ( ! )
p!t () sp!tah (
)
Vy () kaVy ()

6
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k K b B
o O - _
g G m M
x y Y
c C v V
j J z Z
|
[ { ; :
p P s S
7
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+ ] +
+ +
+ +
+ } +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ * +
+ +
+ +
8
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1) 2,200
10
10
3
()
()

2)
(
)
9
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3)

3

2 (
) (
)
3 (
) ()
( 3 )
3
( 3 ) (
2 ) (
1 )

2
1)
2)

10
:
10

1 -U A it -vit
vNd! A te vNdte
2 Ad! it Ai
Aas! te AaSte
3 hu it juhaeit
te ijhIit
ha
4 idv! y it te dIVyit dIVyte
5 su nu it te sunaeit sunute
6 tud! A it te tudit tudte
7 x! n it te [i Nxte
8 tn! % it te tnaeit tnute
9 I na it te I[ait I[Ite
10 cur! Ay it te caeryit caeryte
11
:
10
3 10
2
1) 6 (Tenses) 1 3
2
2) 4 (Moods)

/
6
1 lq! vtRman Present Tense -vit
() ()
2 l! An*tn-Ut Past Tense (Imperfect) A-vt!

() ()
3 lu! -Ut Past Tense (Aorist) A-Ut!

() ()
4 ilq! prae]-Ut Past Tense (Perfect) v-Uv

() ()
5 luq! An*tn-iv:yn! First Future -ivta

() ()
6 q! -iv:yn! Second Future -iv:yit

() ()
12
:
/
4
7 laeq! Aa}a Imperative -vtu
() ()
8 ivixil! ivix Potential -vet!
() ()
9 AazIilR! AazI Benedictive -Uyat!
() ()
10 ! iyaitpi, sket Conditional A-iv:yt!
() (, )
13
:
10 2
2
1) (Conjugational Tenses & Moods)

3 + +
4 lq! l'! laeq! ivixil'!
2 1
1, 4, 6, 10 2 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9
3
1 1, 4, 6, 10 2 5, 8, 9
3 7, 3, 2 ( 2 3 )
2) (Non Conjugational Tenses & Moods)

2 + 6 lu'!
ilq! luq! q! AazIilR'! lu'!
14
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1)
3

A Aa

15
:

A Aa # $ % ^ \
a i u

A Aa @ Aae Ar!
a e o ar

Aa @e AaE Aar!
ai au r

y! v! r!
y v r
1

Aav!
2 av

: A Aa

16
:
1)
mala + AiSt = malaiSt ml + asti = mlsti

xanI + #h = xanIh dhn + iha = dhnha
deve;u + %m! = deve;m
U ! deveu + uktam = devektam
2) A Aa
()
dev + #it = deveit deva + iti = deveti

suoen+ #h = suoeneh sukhena + iha = sukheneha
jlen + %dkm! = jlen aed km! jalena + udakam = jalenodakam
3) A Aa
()
sda + @v = sdEv sad + eva = sadaiva

sa + Aaednm! = saEdnm! s + odanam = saudanam
mha + AaEj> = mhaEj> mah + auja = mahauja
17
:
4)
()
1
#it + AwR> = #TywR> iti + artha = ityartha
sTye; u + Aip = \i;> satyeu + i = satyevsi
(AaE) 3
naE + Aae> = navae> nau + o = nvo
devaE + AagCDt> = devavagCDt> devaau + gacchata
= devvgacchata
- @ Aae A ( Aae A)
- @e Aa
18
:

A Aa # $ % ^ \ @ @e Aae AaE
1 Aa y v r @ = Aa A Aae = Aav A
2 Aa ya va ra A Aa Aa Aa A Aa Aava Aa
3 @ $ iv ir A # A # A # Aaiv #
4 @ $ vI rI A $ Aa $ A $ AavI $
5 Aae yu ^ A % Aa % A % Aavu %
6 Aae yU ^ A ^ Aa ^ A ^ AavU ^
7 Ar y& v& A \ Aa \ A \ Aav& \
8 Ar y v A Aa A Aav
9 @e ye ve re A @ Aa @ A @ Aave @
10 @e yE vE rE A @e Aa @e A @e AavE @E
11 AaE yae vae rae A Aae Aa Aae A Aae Aavae Aae
12 AaE yaE vaE raE A AaE Aa AaE A AaE AavaE AaE
A B C D E F G H
: A-H () 1-12
()
1
Roderick S. Buckneli. Sanskrit Manual (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
Publishers, 2006), 75.
19
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2) 2

2

k q t p ' m n A> Aa>3 #> $>
1 k q t p ' A< n A> Aa> #> $> k, o, p, ), ;, s
2 k q c p ' A< | A> Aa> #> $> z, (zD)
3 k q c p ' A< A<z Az Aaz #z $z c, D

4 k q q p ' A< A<; A; Aa; #; $; q, Q
5 k q t p ' A< A<s As Aas #s $s t, w
6 g f d b ' A< n Aae Aa $ $ r
7 g f d b ' A< n Aae Aa #r $r g, ", d, x, b, -,y,v
8 g f j b ' A< | Aae Aa #r $r j, H
9 g f f b ' A< [ Aae Aa #r $r f, F
10 g f l b ' A< A< Aae Aa #r $r l
11 g f d b ' A< n Aae Aa #r $r h (h", F, f, -)
12 ' [ n m ' A< n Aae Aa #r $r n, m
13 g f d b ' m n Aae Aa #r $r A (A =)
14 g f d b ' m n A Aa #r $r ( A)
A B C D E F G H I J K
: A-K 1-14
2
Roderick S. Buckneli. Sanskrit Manual (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
Publishers, 2006), 75.
3
%> ^> @> @e> Aae> AaE>
20
:
z ; s >z Zz

hir> iz:yam! = hir> iz:yam! hari iym = hari iym
hir> iz:yam! = hirz! iz:yam! hari iym = hari iym

n z z D

devan! zUn! = devazUn ! devn atrn = devatrn
devan! zUn! = devaDUn ! devn atrn = devchatrn
n l <l Ll

devan! laek> = deva<laek> devn loka = devloka
devan! laek> = devaLlaek> devn loka = devlloka
n n '

Aitn! A = AitNn atihan atra = atihannatra
21
:
1)
deve;u mnu:y> = deve;u mnu:y> deveu manuya = deveu manuya
2) 3 $ ^ @

3) ( 8)

22

(4) (6)
(Conjugational Tenses and Moods)
10 (Non Conjugational Tenses and Moods)
2 (Tenses) 2 2 (Moods) 4 (Tenses) 2 (Moods)
1) lq! (Present) ./. 1) laeq! (Imperative) ./. 1) lu! (Past: Aorist) ./. 1) AazIilR! (Benedictive) ./.
2) l!! (Past: Imperfect) ./. 2) ivixil!! (Potential, Optative) ./. 2) ilq!! (Past: Perfect) ./. 2) !! (Condition) ./.
3) luq! (First Future) ./.
4) q!! (Second Future) ./.
- 1 1,4,6,10 (./.) (./.)
- 2 2,3,5,7,8,9 (./.) (./.)
- 1 1-10 (./.)

23
- 1 1-10 (.)
- 1 1-10 (.)

- 1 1-10 (.) . ( 3 . )
- 1 1-10 (./.)
- 1 1-10 (./.)
- 1 1-10 (.) .
. ()
- 1 1-10 (.) . ()
. ()
. ()
.
1) sn! (Desiderative) lq! ., . ()
2) y!! (Frequentative) y!! 1 lq! . y!! 2 lq! . ()
.
.
:
3) namxatu (Nominal Roots)

:
2

(Conjugational Tenses & Moods)
3 + +
4 lq! l'! laeq! ivixil'!
1
3
1 1, 4, 6, 10 2 2, 3, 7 3
5, 8, 9 ( 2 3 )
5

3
()
2
1)
1
2)
3
+ + =
24
:
( 1)
1, 6, 4, 10 4
lq! l'! laeq! ivixil'!
lq!
()
(Present Tense) ..., ..., ...

. . . . . .
. it t> AiNt te #te ANte
. is w> w se #we Xve
. im v> m> # vhe mhe
l! ()
(Imperfect (Past) Tense) .....

. . . . . .
. t! tam! An! t #tam! ANt
. s! tm! t wa> #wam! Xvm!
. Am! v m # vih mih
25
:
laeq!
()
(Imperative Mood) ..., ...

. . . . . .
. tu tam! ANtu tam! #tam! ANtam!
. ih tm! t Sv #wam! Xvm!
. Aain Aav Aam @e AavhE AamhE
ivixil'!
()
(Potential Mood) ...., ...

. . . . . .
. $t! $tam! $yu> $t $yatam! $rn!
. $> $tm! $t $wa> $yawam! $Xvm!
. $ym! $v $m $y $vih $mih
1. A
2.

3. AiNt
4. ()

26
:
1
+ A + =
1 1,079

-U (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
-vit -vt> -viNt
-vis -vw> -vw
-vaim -vav> -vam>
l'! (Imperfect (Past) Tense)
. . .
A-vt! A-vtam! A-vn!
A-v> A-vtm! A-vt
A-vm! A-vav A-vam
laeq! (Imperative Mood)
. . .
-vtu -vtam! -vNtu
-v -vtm! -vt
-vain -vav -vam
27
:
ivixil'! (Potential Mood)
. . .
-vet! -vetam! -veyu>
-ve> -vetm! -vet
-veym! -vev -vem
l-! ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
l-te l-ete l-Nte
l-se l-ewe l-Xve
l-e l-avhe l-amhe
. . .
Al-t Al-etam! Al-Nt
Al-wa> Al-ewam! Al-Xvm!
Al-e Al-avih Al-amih
28
:
. . .
l-tam! l-etam! l-Ntam!
l-Sv l-ewam! l-Xvm!
l-E l-avhE l-amhE
. . .
l-et l-eyatam! l-ern!
l-ewa> l-eyawam! l-eXvm!
l-ey l-evih l-emih

()
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
hrit hrt> hriNt hrte hrete hrNte
hris hrw> hrw hrse hrewe hrXve
hraim hrav> hram> hre hravhe hramhe
29
:

. . . . . .
Ahrt! Ahrtam! Ahrn! Ahrt Ahretam AhrNt
Ahr> Ahrtm! Ahrt Ahrwa> Ahrewam! AhrXvm!
Ahrm! Ahrav Ahram Ahr Ahravih Ahramih

. . . . . .
hrtu hrtam! hrNtu hrtam! hret am! hrNtam!
hr hrtm! hrt hrSv hrewam! hrXvm!
hrain hrav hram hrE hravhE hramhE

. . . . . .
hret! hretam! hreyu> hret hreyatam! hrern!
hre> hretm! hret hrewa> hrewam! hrXvm!
hreym! hrev hrem hrey hrevih hremih
30
:
1. A
2. 1

3.
( 5)

kt! kNt! + A + it = kNtit
muc! muc! + A + it = mucit
lup! luMp! + A + it = luMpit ,
isc! isc! + A + it = isit ,

4.
#;! #CD! + A + it = #CDit
\ \CD! + A + it = \CDit
CD! p&CD! + A + it = p&CDit

6
+ A + =
6 157
31
:

j! ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
jit jt> jiNt
jis jw> jw
jaim jav> jam>
. . .
Ajt! Ajtam! Ajn!
Aj> Ajtm! Ajt
Ajm! Ajav Ajam
. . .
jtu jtam! jNtu
j jtm! jt
jain jav jam

. . .
jet! jetam! jeyu>
je> jetm! jet
jeym! jev jem
32
:

ivj! (, , )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
ivjte ivjete ivjNte
ivjse ivjewe ivjXve
ivje ivjavhe ivjamhe
. . .
Aivjt Aivjetam! AivjNt
Aivjwa> Aivjewam! AivjXvm!
Aivje Aivjavih Aivjamih
. . .
ivjtam! ivjetam! ivjNtam!
ivjSv ivjewam! ivjXvm!
ivjE ivjavhE ivjamhE
. . .
ivjet ivjeyatam! ivjern!
ivjewa> ivjeyawam! ivjeXvm!
ivjey ivjevih ivjemih
33
:
tud! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
tudit tudt> tudiNt tudte tudete tudNte
tudis tudw> tudw tudse tudewe tudXve
tudaim tudav> tudam> tude tudavhe tudamhe

. . . . . .
Atudt! Atudtam! Atudn! Atudt Atudetam! AtudNt
Atud> Atudtm! Atudt Atudwa> Atudewam! AtudXvm!
Atudm! Atudav Atudam Atude Atudavih Atudamih

. . . . . .
tudtu tudtam! tudNtu tudtam! tudetam! tudNtam!
tud tudtm! tudt tudSv tudewam! tudXvm!
tudain tudav tudam tudE tudavhE tudamhEE
34
:

. . . . . .
tudet! tudetam! tudeyu> tudet tudeyatam! tudern!
tude> tudetm! tudet tudewa> tudeyawam! tudeXvm!
tudeym! tudev tudem tudey tudevih tudemih
1. y
2. m!
Klm! Klam! + y + it = KlaMyit ,
m! am! + y + it = aMyit
3. idv! (, ) isv! (, )
$ y
idv! dIv! + y + it = dIVyit ,
isv! sIv! + y + it = sIVyit ,
4. Vyx! (, ) ivx! y
Vyx! ivx! + y + it = ivXyit ,
4
+ y + =
4 140
35
:

idv! ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
dIVyit dIVyt> dIVyiNt
dIVyis dIVyw> dIVyw
dIVyaim dIVyav> dIVyam>
. . .
AdIVyt! AdIVytam! AdIVyn!
AdIVy> AdIVytm! AdIVyt
AdIVym! AdIVyav AdIVyam

. . .
dIVytu dIVytam! dIVyNtu
dIVy dIVytm! dIVyt
dIVyain dIVyav dIVyam

. . .
dIVyet! dIVyetam! dIVyeyu>
dIVye> dIVyetm! dIVyet
dIVyeym! dIVyev dIVyem
36
:

dIp! ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
dIPyte dIPyete dIPyNte
dIPyse dIPyewe dIPyXve
dIPye dIPyavhe dIPyamhe
. . .
AdIPyt dIPyetam! AdIPyNt
AdIPywa> AdIPyewam! AdIPyXvm!
AdIPye AdIPyavih AdIPyamih
. . .
dIPytam! dIPyetam! dIPyNtam!
dIPySv dIPyewam! dIPyXvm!
dIPyE dIPyavh E dIPyamhE
. . .
dIPyet dIPyeyatam! dIPyern!
dIPyewa> dIPyeyawam! dIPyeXvm!
dIPyey dIPyevih dIPyemih
37
:

m&;! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
m&:yit m&:yt> m&:yiNt m&:yte m&:yete m&:yNte
m&:yis m&:yw> m&:yw m&:yse m&:yewe m&:yXve
m&:yaim m&:yav> m&:yam> m&:ye m&:yavhe m&:yamhe

. . . . . .
Am&:yt! Am&:ytam! Am&:yn! Am&:yt Am&:yetam! Am&:yNt
Am&:y> Am&:ytm! Am&:yt Am&:ywa> Am&:yewam! Am&:yXvm!
Am&:ym! Am&:yav Am&:yam Am&: ye Am&:yavih Am&:yamih

. . . . . .
m&:ytu m&:ytam! m&:yNtu m&:ytam! m&:yetam! m&:yNtam!
m&:y m&:ytm! m&:yt m&:ySv m&:yewam! m&:yXvm!
m&:yain m&:yav m&:yam m&:yE m&:yavhE m&:yamhE
38
:

. . . . . .
m&:yet! m&:yetam! m&:yeyu> m&:yet m&:yeyatam! m&:yern!
m&:ye> m&:yetm! m&:yet m&:yewa> m&:yeyawam! m&:yeXvm!
m&:yeym! m&:yev m&:yem m&:yey m&:yevih m&:yemih
10
1. Ay
2.
3. Ay
( kp! )
cur! caer! + Ay + it = caeryit
kp! + Ay + it = kpyit
4. A
Ay ( kw! )
]l! ]al! + Ay + it = ]alyit
kw! + Ay + it = kwyit
10
+ Ay + =
10 440
39
:

tjR! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
tjRyte tjRyete tjRyNte
tjRyse tjRyewe tjRyXve
tjRye tjRyavhe tjRyamhe
. . .
AtjRyt AtjRyetam! AtjRyNt
AtjRywa> AtjRyewam! AtjRyXvm!
AtjRye AtjRyavih AtjRyamih
. . .
tjRtam! tjRyetam! tjRyNtam!
tjRySv tjRyewam! tjRyXvm!
tjRyE tjRyavhE tjRyamhE
. . .
tjRyet tjRyeyatam! tjRyern!
tjRyewa> tjRyeyawam! tjRyeXvm!
tjRyey tjRyevih tjRyemih
40
:

cur! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
caeryit caeryt> caeryiNt caeryte caeryete caeryNte
caeryis caeryw> caeryw caeryse caeryewe caeryXve
caeryaim caeryav> caeryam> caerye caeryavhe caeryamhe

. . . . . .
Acaeryt! Acaerytam! Acaeryn! Acaeryt Acaeryetam AcaeryNt
Acaery> Acaerytm! Acaeryt Acaerywa> Acaeryewam! AcaeryXvm!
Acaerym! Acaeryav Acaeryam Acaery Acaeryavih Acaeryamih

. . . . . .
caerytu caerytam! caeryNtu caerytam! caeryetam! caeryNtam!
caery caerytm! caeryt caerySv caeryewam! caeryXvm!
caeryain caeryav caeryam caeryE caeryavhE caeryamhE
41
:

. . . . . .
caeryet! caeryetam! caeryeyu> caeryet caerteyatam! caeryern!
caerye> caeryetm! caeryet caeryewa> caeryawam! caeryXvm!
caeryeym! caeryev caeryem caeryey caeryevih caeryemih

( 2)
6 1 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9
2 5, 8, 9 7,
3, 2
2 1

1 4 lq! l'! laeq!
ivixil'!
42
:
lq!
()
(Present Tense) ..., ..., ...

. . . . . .
.
it t> AiNt te Aate Ate
. w> w se Aawe Xve
is
. v> m> @ vhe mhe
im
l'!
()
(Imperfect (Past) Tense) ....., .....

. . . . . .
. t! tam! An! t Aatam! At
. s! tm! t wa> Aawam! Xvm!
. Am! v m # vih mih
laeq!
()
(Imperative Mood) ..., ...

. . . . . .
. tu tam! ANtu tam! Aatam! Atam!
.
ih tm! t Sv Aawam! Xvm!
.
Aain Aav Aam @e AavhE AamhE
43
:
ivixil'!
()
(Potential Mood) ...., ...

. . . . . .
.
yat! yatam! yu> $t $yatam! $rn!
. ya> yatm! yat $wa> $yawam! $Xvm!
. yam! yav yam $y $vih $mih
1. nu
2. nu nae
3. nu
4. % v m
5. ih ih
6. su
5
+ nu + =
5 34
44
:

su (, )
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
sunaeit sunut> sNviNt sunute suNvate suNvte
sunaei; sunuw> sunuw sunu;e suNvawe sunuXve
sunaeim sunuv>, suNv> sunum>, suNm> suNve sunuvhe, suNvhe sunumhe, suNmhe

. . . . . .
Asunaet! Asunutam! AsuNvn! Asunut AsuNvatam! AsuNvt
Asunae> Asunutm! Asunut Asunuwa> AsuNvawam! AsunuXvm!
Asunvm! Asunuv, Asunum, Asunuiv Asunuvih, Asunumih,
AsuNv AsuNm AsuNvih AsuNmih
laeq! (Imperative Mood).

. . . . . .
sunaet,u sunutat! sunutam! suNvNtu sunutam! suNvatam! suNvtam
sun,u sunutat! sunutm! sunut !sunu:v suNvawam! sunuXvm!
sunvain sunvav sunvam sunvE sunvavhE sunvamhE
45
:

. . . . . .
sunuyat! sunuyatam! sunuyu> suNvIt suNvIyatam! suNvIrn!
sunuya> sunuyatm! suny
u at suNvIwa> suNvIyawam! suNvIXvm!
sunuyam! sunuyav sunyu am suNvIy suNvIvih suNvImih
1. %
2.
3. % Aae
4. %
5. % v m
6. ih ih
7. tn! () ( k ()
)
8
+ % + =
46
:

tn! ()
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
tnaeit tnut> tNviNt tnute tNvate tNvte
tnaei; tnuw> tnuw tnu;e tNvawe tnuXve
tnaeim tnuv>, tNv> tnum>, tNm> tNve tnuvhe, tNvhe tnumhe, tNmhe

. . . . . .
Atnaet! Atnutam! AtNvn! Atnut AtNvatam! AtNvt
Atnae> Atnutm! Atnut Atnuwa> AtNvawam! AtnuXvm!
Atnvm! Atnuv, Atnum, AtiNv Atnuvih, Atnumih,
AtNv AtNm AtNvih AtNmih

. . . . . .
tnaet,u tnutat! tnutam! tNvNtu tnutam! tNvatam! tNvtam!
tnu, tnutat! tnutm! tnut tnu:v tNvawam! tnuXvm!
tnvain tnvav tnvam tnvE tnvavhE tnvamhE
47
:

. . . . . .
tnuyat! tnuyatam! tnuyu> tNvIt tNvIyatam! tNvIrn!
tnuya> tnuyatm! tnuyat tNvIwa> tNvIyawam! tNvIXvm!
tnuyam! tnuyav tnuyam tNvIy tNvIvih tNvImih

k ()
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
kraeit kut> kuvRiNt kuute kuvRate kuvRte
kraei; kuw> kuw ku;e kuvRawe kuXve
kraeim kuvR> kumR> kuv Re kuvRhe kmRhe

. . . . . .
Akraet! Akutam! Aku vR n ! Akut AkuvRatam! AkuvRt
Akrae> Akutm! Aku t Akuwa> AkuvRawam! AkuXvm!
AkuvR Aku mR AkuivR AkuvRih AkuvRih
Akrvm!
48
:

. . . . . .
kraet,u kutat! kutam! kuvRvNtu kutam! kuvRatam! kuvRtam!
ku, kutat! kutm! kut ku:v kuvRawam! kuXvm!
krvai[ krvav krvam krvE krvavhE krvamhE

. . . . . .
kuyRat! kuyRatam! kuyRu> kuvRIt kuvRIyatam! kuvRIrn!
kuyRa> kuyRatm! kuyRat kuvRIwa> kuvRIyawam! kuvRIXvm!
kuyRam! kuyRav kuyRam kuvRIy kuvRIvih kuvRImih
1. na
2. na
3. na nI
4. na n!
5. ih na ih Aan
6. lI il pU pu h! g&h! }a
ja
49
:
7.
Nw! w! bNx! bx! StM-!
St-!
9
+ na + =
9 61
I ()
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
I[ait I[It> I[iNt I[Ite I[ate I[te
I[ais I[Iw> I[Iw I[I;e I[awe I[IXve
I[aim I[Iv> I[Im> I[e I[Ivhe I[Imhe
50
:

. . . . . .
AI[at! AI[Itam! AI[n AI[It AI[atam! AI[t
AI[a> !AI[Itm! AI[It AI[Iwa> AI[awam! AI[IXvm!
AI[am! AI[Iv AI[Im AIi[ AI[Ivih AI[Imih

. . . . . .
I[atu, I[Itat! I[Itam! I[Ntu I[Itam! I[atam! I[tam!
I[Iih, I[Itat! I[Itm! I[It I[I:v I[awam! I[IXvm!
I[ain I[av I[am I[E I[avhE I[amhE

. . . . . .
I[Iyat! I[Iyatam! I[Iyu> I[It I[Iyatam! I[Irn!
I[Iya> I[Iyatm! I[Iyat I[Iya> I[Iyawam! I[IXvm!
I[Iyam! I[Iyav I[Iyam I[Iy I[Ivih I[Imih
51
:
1. n
2. n
3. ()
4. n
5.
- n n! n!

- n z! ;! s! h!
- laeq! ix ih
- l'! t! s!

c k
t t
; q
s t
h q
7
+ n + =
7 25
52
:

Aj! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
Ani A> AiNt
Ani] A!Kw> A!Kw
AniJm AJv> AJm>
. . .
Aank! g! Aaam! Aan!
Aank! g! Aam! Aa
Aanjm! AaJv Aajm

. . .
AnKtu, Aat! Aam! AaNtu
A!iGx, Aat! Am! A
Anjain Anjav Anjam
. . .
Ayat! Ayatam! Ayu>
Aya> Ayatm! Ayat
Ayam! Ayav Ayam
53
:
t&h! ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
t&[eiF t&{F> t&<hint
t&[ei] t&{F> t&{F
t&[ei t&<> t&<>
. . .
At&[eq! f! At&{Fam! At&<hn!
At&[eq! f! At&{Fm! At&{F
At&[ehm! At&< At&<
. . .
t&[eF,u t&{Fat! t&{Fam! t&<hNtu
t&i{F, t&{Fat! t&{Fm! t&{F
t&[hain t&[hav t&[ham
. . .
t&<at! t&<atam! t&<u>
t&<a> t&<atm! t&<at
t&<am! t&<av t&<am
54
:
ip;! (, , )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
ipni ip<> ip<;iNt
ipni] ip<> ip<
ipni:m ip<:v> ip<:m>
. . .
Aipnq! f! Aip<am! Aip<;n!
Aipnq! -f! Aip<m! Aip<
Aipn;m! Aip<:v Aip<:m
. . .
ipnu , ip<at! ip<am! ip<Ntu
ipi{F, ip<at! ip<m! ip<
ipn;ai[ ipn;av ipn;am
. . .
ip<:yat! ip<:yatam! ip<:yu>
ip<:ya> ip<:yatm! ip<:yat
ip<:yam! ip<:yav ip<:yam
55
:
-j! (-j!) (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
-ni -!Kt> -iNt
-ni] -!Kw> -!Kw
-niJm -Jv> -Jm>
. . .
A-nk! g! A-!Ktam! A-n!
A-nk! g! A-!Ktm! A-!Kt
A-njm! A-Jv A-Jm
. . .
-nKtu , -nat! -'!Ktam! -Ntu
-'!iGx, -nat! -'!Ktm! -'!Kt
-njain -njav -njam
. . .
-yat! -yatam! -Jyu>
-ya> -yatm! -yat
-yam! -yav -yam
56
:
ih<s! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
ihniSt ih<St> ih<siNt
ihniSs ih<Sw> ih<Sw
ihniSm ih<Sv> ih<Sm>
. . .
Aihnt! Aih<Stam! Aih<sn!
Aihn>, Aihnt! Aih<Stm! Aih<St
Aihnsm! Aih<Sv Aih<Sm
. . .
ihnStu,ih<Stat! ih<Stam! ih<sNtu
hiNx, ih<Stat! ih<Stm! ih<St
ihnsain ihnsav ihnsam
. . .
ih<Syat! ih<Syatam! ih<Syu>
ih<Sya> ih<Syatm! ih<Syat
ih<Syam! ih<Syav ih<Syam
57
:

#Nx! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
#Ne #Nxate #Nxte
#NTse #Nxawe #Nve
#Nxe #NXvhe #NXmhe
. . .
@eN @eNxatam! @eNxt
@eNa> @eNxawam! @eNvm!
@eiNx @eNXvih @eNXmih
. . .
#Nam! #Nxatam! #Nxtam!
#NTSv #Nxawam! #Nvm!
#nxE #nxavhE #nxamhE

. . .
#NxIt #NxIyatam! #NxIrn!
#NxIwa> #NxIyawam! #NxIXvm!
#NxIy #NxIvih #NxImih
58
:
ivd! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
ivNTte ivNdate ivNdte
ivNTse ivNdawe ivNve
ivNde ivNhe ivNhe
. . .
AivNTt AivNdatam! AivNdt
AivNTwa> AivNdawam! AivNvm!
AiviNd AivNih AivNih
. . .
ivNTtam! ivNdatam! ivNdtam!
ivNTSv ivNdawam! ivNvm!
ivndE ivndavhE ivndamhE

. . .
ivNdIt ivNdIyatam! ivNdIrn!
ivNdIwa> ivNdIyatm! ivNdIXvm!
ivNdIy ivNdIvih ivNdImih
59
:

x! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
[i N> NxiNt Ne Nxate Nxte
[iTs N> N NTse Nxawe Nve
[iXm NXv> NXm> Nxe NXvhe NXmhe

. . . . . .
A[t! ANam! ANxn! AN ANxatam! ANxt
A[> ANm! AN ANa> ANxawam! ANvm!
A[xm! ANXv ANXm AiNx ANXvih ANXmih

. . . . . .
[u, Nxat! Nam! NxNtu Nam! Nxatam! Nxtam!
iN, Nxat! Nm! N NTSv Nxawam! Nvm!
[xain [xav [xam [xE [xavhE [xamhE
60
:

. . . . . .
NXyat! NXyatam! NXyu> NxIt NxIyatam! NxIrn!
NXya> NXyatm! NXyat NxIwa> NxIyawam! NxIXvm!
NXyam! NXyav NXyam NxIy NxIvih NxImih
i-d! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
i-ni i-NTt> i-NdiNt i-NTte i-Ndate i-Ndte
i-niTs i-NTw> i-NTw i-NTse i-Ndawe i-Nve
i-ni i-N> i-N> i-Nde i-Nhe i-Nhe

. . . . . .
Ai-nt! Ai-NTtam! Ai-Ndn AAi-NTt Ai-Ndatam! Ai-Ndt
Ai-n>, Ai-NTtm! Ai-NTt Ai-NTwa> Ai-Ndawam! Ai-Nvm!
Ai-nt!
Ai-ndm! Ai-N Ai-N Ai-iNd Ai-Nih Ai-Nih
61
:

. . . . . .
i-nu, i-Ntam! i-NdNtu i-NTtam! i-Ndatam! i-Ndtam!
i-Ntat!
i-iN, i-Ntat! i-NTtm! i-NTt i-NTSv i-Ndawam! i-N!vm!
i-ndain i-ndav i-ndam i-ndE i-ndavhE i-ndamhE

. . . . . .
i-N*at! i-N*atam! i-N*u> i-NdIt i-NdIyatam! i-NdIrn!
i-N*a> i-N*atm! i-N*at i-NdIwa> i-NdIyawam! i-NdIXvm!
i-N*am! i-N*av i-N*am i-NdIy i-NdIvih i-NdImih
yuj! (,)
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
yuni yu'!> yuiNt yue yuate yute
yuni] yu'K
! w> yu'!Kw yu!]e yuawe yu!GXve
yuniJm yuJv> yuJm> yuuje yuJvhe yuJmhe
62
:

. . . . . .
Ayunk! g! Ayu'!am! Ayu n! Ayu Ayuatam! Ayut
Ayunk! g! Ayu'! m! Ayu'! Ayuwa> Ayuawam! Ayu!GXvm!
Ayunjm! Ayu Jv Ayu Jm Ayui AyuJvih AyuJmih

. . . . . .
yunKtu , yun
at! yu'!am! yuiNtu yuam! yuatam! yutam!
yu'!iGx! ,yunat! yu'
! m! yu'
! yu'!v yuawam! yu'!GXvm!
yunjain yunjav yunjam yunjE yunjavhE yunjamhE

. . . . . .
yuyat! yuyatam! yuJyu> yuIt yuIyatam! yuIrn!
yuya> yuyatm! yuyat yuIwa> yuIyawam! yuIXvm!
yuyam! yuyav yuyam yuIy yuIvih yuImih
63
:
1.
2. (Reduplication)
hu juh u juhu + it = juhaeit
3. n AiNt ANtu Ait Atu
juhu + AiNt = juit
4. l'! () An! () As!
Ajuhu + As! = Ajuhvu>
3
+ =
3 24

hu (. )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
juhaeit juhut> juiNt
juhaei; juhuw> juhuw
juhaeim juhuv> juhum>
64
:
. . .
Ajuhaet! Ajuhutam! Ajuhvu>
Ajuhae> Ajuhutm! Ajuhut
Ajuhvm! Ajuhuv Ajuhum
. . .
juhaet,u juhutat!! juhutam! jutu
ijuhuix, juhutat! juhutm! juhut
juhvain juhvav juhvam
. . .
ijhuyat! ijhuyatam! ijhuyu>
ijhuya> ijhuyatm! ijhuyat
ijhuyam! ijhuyav ijhuyam
I ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
ijh+eit ijh+It> ijih+yit
ijh+ei; ijh+Iw> ijh+Iw
ijh+eim ijh+Iv> ijh+Im>
65
:
. . .
Aijh+et! Aijh+Itam! Aijh+yu>
Aijh+e> Aijh+Itm! Aijh+It
Aijh+ym! Aijh+Iv Aijh+Im
. . .
ijh+et,u juh+Itat! ijh+Itam! ijih+ytu
ijh+Iih, juh+Itat! ijhI+tm! ijh+It
ijh+yai[ ijh+yav ijh+yam
. . .
ijh+Iyat! ijh+Iyatam! ijh+Iyu>
ijh+Iya> ijh+Iyatm! ijh+Iyat
ijh+Iyam! ijh+Iyav ijh+Iyam
p (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
ippitR ippUtR> ippurit
ippi;R ippUwR> ippuwR
ippimR ippUvR> ippUmR>
66
:
. . .
Aippt! AippUtRam! Aipp>
Aipp> AippUtRm! AippUtR
Aipprm! AippUvR AippUmR
. . .
ipptR,u ippUtRat!! ippUtRam! ippurtu
iippUihR, ippUtRat! ippUtRm! ippUtR
ipprai[ ipprav ippram

. . .
ippUyRat! ippUyRatam! ippUyRu>
ippUyRa> ippUyRatm! ippUyRat
ippUyRam! ippUyRav ippUyRam
-I ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
ib-eit ibi-t>, ib-It> ib_yit
ib-ei; ibi-w>, ib-Iw> ibi-w, ib-Iw
ib-eim ibi-v>, ib-Iv> ibi-m>, ib-Im>
67
:
. . .
Aib-et! Aibi-tam!,Aib-Itam! Aiv-yu>
Aib-e> Aibi-tm!,Aib-Itm! Aibi-t,Aib-It
Aib-ym! Aibi-v,Aib-Iv Aibi-m,Aib-Im
. . .
ib-et,u ibi-tat! , ibi-tam! , ib-Itam! ib_ytu
ib-Itat
ibi-ih, ib-Iih ibi-tm!, ib-Itm! ibi-t, ib-It
ibi-tat!, ib-Itat!
ib-yain ib-yav ib-yam
ivixil'! (Potential Mood) 1

. . .
ibi-yat! ibi-yatam! ibi-yu>
ib-Iya> ibi-yatm! ibi-yat
ib-Iyam! ibi-yav ibi-yam
ivixil'! (Potential Mood) 2

. . .
ib-Iyat! ib-Iyatam! ib-Iyu>
ib-Iya> ib-Iyatm! ib-Iyat
ib-Iyam! ib-Iyav ib-Iyam
68
:
ha (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
jhait jiht>, jhIt> jhit
jhais jihw>, jhIw> jihw, jhIw
jhaim jihv>, jhIv> jihm>, jhIm>
. . .
Ajhat!
Ajihtam!, AjhItam! Ajhu>
Ajha> Ajihtm!, AjhItm! Ajiht, AjhIt
Ajham! Ajihv, AjhIv Ajihm, AjhIm
. . .
jhatu
jihtam!, jhItam! jhtu
jihtat!, jhItat!
jhaih, jihih, jhIih jihtm!, jhItm! jiht, jhIt
jihtat!, jhItat!
jhain jhav jham
. . .
jat! jatam! ju>
ja> jatm! jat
jam! jav jam
69
:

ma (, , )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
immIte immate immte
immI;e immawe immIXve
imme immIvhe immImhe
. . .
AimmIt Aimmatam! Aimmt
AimmIwa> Aimmawam! AimmIXvm!
Aimim AimmIvih AimmImih
. . .
immItam! immatam! immtam!
immI:v immawam! immIXvm!
immE immavhE immamhE
. . .
immIt immIyatam! immIyu>
immIwa> immIyawam! immIXvm!
immIy immIvih immImih
70
:
ha ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
ijhIte ijhate ijhte
ijhI;e ijhawe ijhIXve
ijhe ijhIvhe ijhImhe
. . .
AijhIt Aijhatam! Aijht
AijhIwa> Aijhawam! AijhIXvm!
Aijih AijhIvih AijhImih
. . .
iijhItam! ijhatam! ijhtam!
ijhI:v ijhawam! ijhIXvm!
ijhE ijhavhE ijhamhE
. . .
ijhIt ijhIyatam! ijhIrn!
ijhIwa> ijhIyawam! ijhIXvm!
ijhIy ijhIvih ijhImih
71
:

da ()
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
ddait d> ddit de ddate ddte
ddais dTw> dTw dTse ddawe d!ve
ddaim d> d> dde e dhe dhe

. . . . . .
Addat! Adam! Addu > Ad Addatam! Addt
Adda> Adm! Ad AdTwa> Addawam! Ad!vm!
Addam! Ad Ad Adid Adih Adih

. . . . . .
ddatu, dat! dam! ddtu dam!! ddatam! ddatam!!
deih, dat! dm! d dTSv ddawam! d!vm!
ddain ddav ddam ddE ddavhE ddamhE
72
:

. . . . . .
d*at! d*atam! d*u> ddIt ddIyatam! ddIrn!
d*a> d*atm! d*at ddIwa> ddIyawam! ddIXvm!
d*am! d*av d*am ddIy ddIvih ddImih
xa (, )
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
dxait x> dxit xe dxate dxte
dxais xTw> xTw xTse dxawe dxve
dxaim dXv> dXm> dxe dXvhe dXmhe

. . . . . .
Adxat! Axam! Adxu > Ax Adxatam! Adxt
Adxa> Axm! Ax AdTwa> Adxawam! Axvm!
Adxam! AdXv AdXm Adix AdXvih AdXmih
73
:

. . . . . .
dxatu, xat! xam! dxtu dxam! dxatam! dxtam!
xeih, xat! xm! x xTSv dxawam! xvm!
dxain dxav dxam dxE dxavhE dxamhE

. . . . . .
dXyat! dXyatam! dXyu> dxIt dxIyatam! dxIrn!
dXya> dXyatm! dXyat dxIwa> dxIyawam! dxIXvm!
dXyam! dXyav dXyam dxIy dxIvih dxImih
-& (, )
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
ib-itR ib-&t> ibit ib-&te ibate ibte
ib-i;R ib-&w> ib-&w ib-&;e ibawe ib-&Xve
ib-imR ib-&v> ib-&m> ibe ib-&vhe ib-&mhe
74
:

. . . . . .
Aib-> Aib-&tam! Aib-> Aib-&t Aibatam! Aibt
Aib-> Aib-&tm! Aib-&t Aib-&wa> Aibawam! Aib-&Xvm!
Aib-rm! Aib-&v Aib-&m Aibi Aib-&vih Aib-&mih

. . . . . .
ib-tR,u ib-&tat! ib-&tam! ibtu ib-&tam! ibatam! ibtam!
ib-&ih, ib-&tat! ib-&tm! ib-&t ib-&:v ibawam! ib-&Xvm!
ib-rai[ ib-rav ib-ram ib-rE ib-ravhE ib-ramhE

. . . . . .
ib-&yat! ib-&yatam! ib-&yu> ibIt ibIyatam! ibIrn!
ib-&ya> ib-&yatm! ib-&yat ibIwa> ibIyawam! ibIXvm!
ib-&yam! ib-&yav ib-&yam ibIy ibIvih ibImih
75
:
inj! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
nenei nein> neinjit nein
e e neinjate neinjte
nenei] neinvw> neinvw nein]e neinjawe neinGXve
neneiJm neinJv> neinJm> neinje neinJvhe neinJmhe

. . . . . .
Anenek! Aneinam! Aneinju> Anein Aneinjatam! Aneinjt
Anenek! Aneinm! Anein AneinKwa> Aneinjawam! AneinGXvm!
Aneinjm! AneinJv AneinJm Aneinij AneinJvih AneinJmih

. . . . . .
neneKtu, neinat! neinam! neinjtu neinam! neinjatam! neinjtam!
neiniGx, neinat! neinm! nein neinv neinjawam! neinGXvm!
neinjain neinjav neinjam neinjE neinjavhE neinjamhE
76
:

. . . . . .
neinJyat! neinJyatam! neinJyu> neinjIt neinjIyatam! neinjIrn!
neinJya> neinJyatm! neinJyat neinjIwa> neinjIyawam! neinjIXvm!
neinJyam! neinJyav neinJyam neinjIv neinjIvih neinjImih
77
:
1.
2.
+ =
2 50
(1) Ad! ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
Ai A> AdiNt
AiTs ATw> ATw
Ai A> A>
78
:
. . .
Aadt! Aaam! Aadn!
Aad> Aam! Aa
Aadm! Aa Aa
. . .
Au, Aat! Aam! AdNtu
Ai Am! A
Adain Adav Adam
. . .
A*at! A*atam! A*u>
A*a> A*atm! A*at
A*am! A*av A*am
79
:
(2) An! ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
Ainit Aint> AniNt
Aini; Ainw> Ainw
Ainim Ainv> Ainm>
. . .
AanIt! , Aant! Aaintam! Aann!
AanI>, Aan> Aaintm! Aaint
Aanm! Aainv Aainm
. . .
Aintu,Aintat! Aintam! AnNtu
Ainih, Aintat! Aintm! Aint
Anain Anav Anam
. . .
Ainyat! Ainyatam! Ainyu>
Ainya> Ainyatm! Ainyat
Ainyam! Ainyav Ainyam
80
:
(3) As! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
AiSt St> siNt
Ais Sw> Sw
AiSm Sv> Sm>
. . .
AasIt! AaStam! Aasn!
AasI> AaStm! AaSt
Aasm! AaSv AaSm
. . .
AStu, Stat!! Stam! sNtu
@ix, Stat! Stm! St
Asain Asav Asam
. . .
Syat! Syatam! Syu>
Sya> Syatm! Syat
Syam! Syav Syam
81
:
(4) # ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
@it #t> yiNt
@i; #w> #w
@im #v> #m>
. . .
@et! @etam! Aayn!
@e> @tm! @et
Aaym! @ev @em
. . .
@tu, #tat! #tam! yNtu
#ih, #tat! #tm! #t
Ayain Ayav Ayam
. . .
#yat! #yatam! #yu>
#ya> #yatm! #yat
#yam! #yav #yam
(5) [u (, ) nu (, ) 12
(6) Oya (, ) ya () 19
82
:
(7) ckas! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
ckaiSt ckaSt> ckasit
ckaiSs ckaSw> ckaSw
ckaiSm ckaSv> ckaSm>
. . .
Ackat! AckaStam! Ackasu>
Ackat! , Acka> AckaStm! AckaSt
Ackasm! AckaSv AckaSm
. . .
ckaStu, ckaStat! ckaStam! ckastu
ckaix, ckaStat ckaStm! ckaSt
ckasain ckasav ckasam
. . .
ckaSyat! ckaSyatam! ckaSyu>
ckaSya> ckaSyatm! ckaSyat
ckaSyam! ckaSyav ckaSyam
83
:
(8) jag& ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
jagitR jag&t> jait
jagi;R jag&w> jag&w
jagimR jag&v> jag&m>
. . .
Ajag>
Ajag&tam! Ajag>
Ajag> Ajag&tm! Ajag&t
Ajagrm! Ajag&v Ajag&m
. . .
jagtu,R jag&tat! jat&tam! jatu
jag&ih, jag&tat! jag&tm! jag&t
jagrai[ jagrav jagram
. . .
jag&yat! jag&yatam! jag&yu>
jag&ya> jag&yatm! jag&yat
jag&yam! jag&yav jag&yam
84
:
(9) dira (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
dirait dirit> dirit
dirais diriw> diriw
diraim diriv> dirim>
. . .
Adirat! Adiritam! Adiru>
Adira> Adiritm! Adiriw
Adiram! Adiriv Adirim>
. . .
diratu ,diritat! diritam! diritu
jagdiriih, diritat! diritm! dirit
dirai[ dirav diram
. . .
diriyat! diriyatam! diriyu>
diriya> diriyatm! diriyat
diriyam! diriyav diriyam
(10) da () ya () 19
(11) a (, ) ya () 19
85
:
(12) nu (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
naEit nut> nuviNt
naEi; nuw> nuw
naEim nuv> num>
. . .
AnaEt! Anutam! Anuvn!
AnaE> Anutm! Anut
Anvm! Anuv Anum
. . .
naEt,u nutat! nutam! nuvNtu
nuih, nutat! nutm! nut
nvain nvav nvam
. . .
nuyat! nuyatam! nuyu>
nuya> nyautm! nuyat
nuyam! nuyav nuyam
86
:
(13) pa (, ) ya () 19
(14) a (, ) ya () 19
(15) Psa () ya () 19
(16) -a (, ) ya () 19
(17) ma (, , ) ya () 19
(18) m&j! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
maiR m&> m&jiNt, majRiNt
mai]R m&> m&
maiJRm m&Jv> m&Jm>
. . .
AmaqR! Am&am! Am&jn, AmajRn!
AmaqR! Am&m! Am&
AmajRm! Am&Jv Am&Jm
. . .
maRu , m&at! m&am! m&jNtu , majRNtu
m&f!iF, m&at! m&m! m&
majaRin majaRv majRam
87
:

. . .
m&Jyat! m&Jyatam! m&Jyu>
m&Jya> m&Jyatm! m&Jyat
m&Jyam! m&Jyav m&Jyam
(19) ya ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
yait yat> yaiNt
yais yaw> yaw
yaim yav> yam>
. . .
Ayat! Ayatam! Ayu>, Ayan!
Aya> Ayatm! Ayat
Ayam! Ayav Ayam
. . .
yatu, yatat! yatam! yaNtu
yaih, yatat! yatm! yat
yain yav yam
88
:
. . .
yayat! yayatam! yayu>
yaya> yayatm! yat
yayam! yayav yayam
(20) yu(, ) nu (, ) 12
(21) ra () ya () 19
(22) (, ) nu (, ) 12
(23) d! ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
raeidit idt> diNt
raeidi; idw> idw
raeidim idv> idm>
. . .
AraedIt! , Araedt! Aidtam! Aidn!
AraedI>, Araed> Aidtm! Aidt
Araedm! Aidv Aidm
89
:
. . .
raedtu , idtat! idtam! dNtu
idih, idtat! idtm! idt
raedain raedav raedam
. . .
*at! *atam! *u>
*a> *atm! *at
*am! *av *am
(24) la (, ) ya () 19
(25) vc! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
vi v>
vi] vDw> vKw
viCm vCv> vCm>
. . .
Avk! g!
Avam! Avcn!
Avk! g! Avm! Av
Avcm! AvCv AvCm
90
:
. . .
v
u u , vat! vam! vcNtu
viGx, vat! vm! v
vcain vcav vcam
. . .
vCyat! vCyatam! vCyu>
vCya> vCyatm! vCyat
vCyam! vCyav vCyam
(26) va (, , ) ya () 19
(27) ivd! ()
lq! (Present Tense) 1
. . .
vei iv> ivdiNt
veiTs ivTw> ivTw
vei iv> iv>

. . .
ved ivdtu> ivdu>
veTw ivdwu> ivd
ved iv iv
91
:
. . .
Avet! Aivam! Aivdu>
Avet , Ave> Aivm! Aiv
Avedm! Aiv Aiv
laeq! (Imperative Mood). 1

. . .
veu , ivat! ivam! ivdNtu
ivi, ivat! ivm! iv
vedain vedav vedam
laeq! (Imperative Mood). 2

. . .
ivdaraetu , ivda'!kutat! ivda'!kutam! ivda'!kuvRntu
ivda'!ku, ivda'!kutat! ivda'!kutm! ivda'!kut
ivdarvai[ ivdarvav ivdarvam
. . .
iv*at! iv*atam! iv*u>
iv*a> iv*atm! iv*at
iv*am! iv*av iv*am
92
:
(28) zas! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
zaiSt iz> zasit
zaiSs iz> iz
zaiSm iz:v> iz:m>
. . .
Azat! d!
Aizam! Azasu>
Azat! d! , Aza> Aizm! Aiz
Azasm! Aiz:v Aiz:m
. . .
zaStu , izat! izam! zastu>
zaix, izat! izm! iz
zasain zasav zasam
. . .
iz:yat! iz:yatam! iz:yu>
iz:ya> iz:yatm! iz:yat
iz:yam! iz:yav iz:yam
(29) a(, ) ya () 19
(30) s! () An! () 2
93
:
(31) a () ya () 19
(32) Svp! (, ) An! () 2
(33) hn! ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
hint ht> iNt
h<is hw> hw
hiNm hNv> hNm>
. . .
Ahn!
Ahtam! An!
Ahn! Ahtm! Aht
Ahnm! AhNv AhNm
. . .
hNtu , htat! htam! Ntu
jih, htat! htm! ht
hnain htav hnam

. . .
hNyat! hNyatam! hNyu>
hNya> hNyatm! hNyat
hNyam! hNyav hNyam
94
:

(34) Aas! ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
AaSte Aasate Aaste
AaSse Aasawe AaXve
Aase AaSvhe AaSmhe
. . .
AaSt Aasatam! Aast
AaSwa> Aasawam! AaXvm!
Aais AaSvih AaSmih
. . .
AaStam! Aasatam! Aastam!
AaSSv Aasawam! AaXvm!
AasE AasavhE AasamhE
. . .
AasIt! AasIyatam! AasIrn!
AsIwa> AasIyawam! AasIXvm!
AasE AasIvih AasImih
95
:
(35) # (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
AxIte AxIyate AxIyte
AxI;e AxIyawe AxIXve
AxIye AxIvhe AxImhe
. . .
AXyEt AXyEyatam! AXyEyt
AXyEwa> AXyEyawam! AXyEXvm!
AXyEiy AXyEvih AXyEmih
. . .
AxItam! AxIyatam! AxIytam!
AxI:v AxIyawam! AxIXvm!
AXyyE AXyyavhE AXyyamhE
. . .
AxIyIt! AxIyIyatam! AxIyIrn!
AxI:v AxIyIyawam! AxIyIXvm!
AxIyIy AxIyIvih AxIyIvih
96
:
(36) $f! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
$e $fate $fte
$if;e $fawe $ifXve
$fe $f!vhe $f!mhe
. . .
@ee @efatam! @eft
@ea> @efawam! @ef!F!vm!
@eif @ef!vih @ef!mih

. . .
$am! $fatam! $ftam!
$if:v $fawam! $ifXve
$fE $favhE $f!mhe
. . .
$fIt $fIyatam! $firn!
$fIwa> $fIyawam! $fIXvm!
$fIy $fIvih $fImih
97
:
(37) $z! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
$e $zate $zte
$iz;e $zawe $izXve
$ze $he $Zmhe
. . .
@e @ezatam! @ezt
@ea> @ezawam! @ef!F!vm!
@eiz @eih @eZmih
. . .
$am! $zatam! $ztam!
$iz:v $zawam! $izXvm!
$zE $zavhE $zamhE
. . .
$zIt $zIyatam! $zIrn!
#zIwa> $zIyawam! $zIXvm!
$zIy $zIvih $zImih
98
:
(38) c]! (,,)

lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
ce c]ate c]te
c]e c]awe cf!F!ve
c]e cvhe cmhe
. . .
Ac Ac]atam! Ac]t
Aca> Ac]awam! Acf!F!vm!
Aci] Acvih Acmih
. . .
cam! c]atam! c]tam!
cv c]awam! cf!F!vm!
c]E c]avhE c]amhE
. . .
c]It c]Iyatam! c]Irn!
c]Iwa> c]Iyawam! c]IXvm!
c]Iy c]Ivih c]Imih
(39) vs! (, , ) Aas! () 34
(40) zas! (, ) Aas! () 34
99
:
(41) zI ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
zete zyate zerte
ze;e zyawe zeXve
zye zevhe zemhe
. . .
Azet Azyatam! Azert
Azewa> Azyawam! AzeXvm!
Aziy Azevih Azemih
. . .
zetam zyatam! zertam!
ze:v zyawam! zeXvm!
zyE zyavhE zyamhE
. . .
zyIt zyIyatam! zyIrn!
zyIwa> zyIyawam! zyIXvm!
zyIy zyIvih zyImih
100
:
(42) sU& ()
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
sUte suvate suvte
sU;e suvawe sUXve
suv e sUvhe sUmhe
. . .
AsUt Asuvatam! Asuvt
AsUwa> Asuvawam! AsUXvm!
Asuiv AsUvih AsUmih
. . .
sUtam! suvatam! suvtam!
sU:v suvawam! sUXvm!
suvE suvavhE suvamhE
. . .
suvIt suvIyatam! suvIrn!
suvIwa> suvIyawam! suvIXvm!
suvIy suvIvih suvImih
101
:
(43) u (, , ) ( in)
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
inute inuvate inuvte
inu;e inuvawe inuXve
inuv e inuvhe inumhe
. . .
Nyut Nyuvatam! Nyuvt
Nyuwa> Nyuvawam! NyuXvm!
Nyuiv Nyuvih Nyumih
. . .
inutam! inuvatam! inuvtam!
inu:v inuvawam! inuXvm!
invE invavhE invamhE
. . .
inuvIt inuvIyatam! inuvIrn!
inuvIwa> inuvIyawam! inuvIXvm!
inuvIy inuvIvih inuvImih
102
:

(44) ^[Ru (, , )
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
^[aREit, ^[aeRit ^[Rut> ^[RuviNt ^[Rute ^[Ruvate ^[Ruvte
^[aREi;, ^[aeRi; ^[Ruw> ^[Rwu ^[Ru;e ^[Ruvawe ^[RuXve
^[aERim, ^[aeRim ^[Ruv> ^[Rum> ^[Ruv e ^[Ruvhe ^[Rumhe

. . . . . .
AaE[aeRt! AaE[ uRt am! AaE[uRvn! AaE[uRt AaE[uRvatam! AaE[uRvt
AaE[aeR> AaE[uRtm! AaE[uRt AaE[uRwa> AaE[uRvawam! AaE[uRXvm!
AaE[Rvm! AaE[uRv AaE[uRm AaE[uRiv AaE[uRvih AaE[uRmih

. . . . . .
^[aERt,u ^[aeRtu ^[uRtam! ^[uRvNtu ^[uRt ^[uRvatam! ^[uRvtam!
^[uRih, ^[Rutat! ^[uRtm! ^[uRt ^[uRwa> ^[uRvawam! ^[uRXvm!

^[Rvain ^[Rvav ^[Rvam ^[RvE ^[uRvih ^[uRmih
103
:

. . . . . .
^[uRyat! ^[uRyatam! ^[uRyu> ^[uRvIt ^[uRvIyatam! ^[uRvIrn!
^[uRya> ^[uRyatm! ^[uRyat ^[uRvIwa> ^[uRvIyawam! ^[uRvIXvm!
^[uRyam! ^[uRyav ^[uRyam ^[uRvIy ^[uRvIvih ^[uRvImih
(45) idh! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
deiGx idGx> idhiNt idGxe idhate idhte
xei] idGx> idGx ix]e idhawe idGXve
dei id> id> idhe idhe idhe

. . . . . .
Axek! g! AidGxam! Aidhn! AidGx Aidhatam! Aidht
Axek! g! AidGxm! AidGx AidGxa> Aidhawam! AidGXvm!
Axehm! Aid Aid Aidih Aidih Aidih
104
:

. . . . . .
DeGxu , idGxat! idGxam! idhNtu idGxam! idhatam! idhtam!
idiGx, idGxat! idGxm! idGx idv idhawam! idGXvm!
dehain dehav deham dehE dehavhE dehamhE

. . . . . .
idat! idatam! idu> idhIt idhIyatam! idhIrn!
ida> idatm! idat idhIwa> idhIyawam! idhIXvm!
idam! idav idam idhIy idhIvih idhImih
(46) duh! ()
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
daeiGx duGx> duhiNt duGxe duhate duhte
xaei] duGx> duGx xu]e duhawe xuGXve
daei du> du> duh e duhe duhe
105
:

. . . . . .
Axaek,! -g! AduGxam! Aduhn! AduGx Aduhatam! Aduht
Axaek! ,-g! AduGxm! AduGx AduGxa> Aduhatm! AxuGXvm!
Adaehm! Adu Adu Aduih Aduih Aduih

. . . . . .
daeGxu, duGxat! duGxam! duhNtu duGxam! duhatam! duhtam!
duiGx, duGxat! duGxm! duGx xuv duhawam! xuGXvm!
daehain daehav daeham daehE daehavhE daehamhE

. . . . . .
duat! duatam! duu> duhIt duhIyatam! duhIrn!
duhIwa> duhIyawam! duhIXvm!
dua> duatm! duat
duhIy duhIvih duhImih
duam! duav duam
106
:
(47) i;! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
ei i> i;iNt ie i;ate i;te
ei] i> i i]e i;awe if!F!ve
ei:m i:v> i:m> i;e i:vhe i:mhe

. . . . . .
Ai Ai;atam! Ai;t Ai Ai;atam! Ai;t
Aia> Ai;awam Aif!F!vm! Aia> Ai;awam! Aif!F!vm!
Aii; Ai:vih Ai:mih Aii; Ai:vih Ai:mih

. . . . . .
iam! i;atam! i;tam! iam! i;atam! i;tam!
iv i;awam if!F!vm! iv i;awam! if!F!vm!
e;E e;avhE e;amhE e;E e;avhE e;amhE
107
:

. . . . . .
i;It i;Iyatam! i;Irn! i;It i;Iyatam! i;Irn!
i;Iwa> i;Iyawam i;IXvm! i;Iwa> i;Iyawam! i;IXvm!
i;Iy i;Ivih i;Imih i;Iy i;Ivih i;Imih
(48) U
(, )

. . . . . .
vIit Ut> uviNt Ute uvate uvte
vIi; Uw> Uw U;e uvawe UXve
vIim Uv> Um> uv e Uvhe Umhe

. . . . . .
Aah Aahtu> Aahu> Ute uvate uvte
AaTw Aahwu> Uw U;e uvawe UXve
vIim Uv> Um> uv e Uvhe Umhe
108
:

. . . . . .
AvIt! AUtam! Auvn! AUt Auvatam! Auvt
AvI> AUtm! AUt AUwa> Auvawam! AUXvm!
Avm! AUv AUm Auiv AUvih AUmih

. . . . . .
vItu, Utat! Utam! uvNtu Utam! uvatam! uvtam!
Uih, Utat! Utm! Ut U:v uvawam! UXvm!
vai[ vav vam vE vavhE uvamhE

. . . . . .
Uyat! Uyatam! Uyu> uvIt uvIyatam! uvIrn!
Uya> Uyatm! Uyat uvIwa> uvIyawam! uvIXvm!
Uyam! Uyav Uyam
uvIy uvIvih uvImih
109
:
(49) ilh! (, )
lq! (Present Tense)

. . . . . .
leiF lIF> ilhiNt lIFe ilhate ilhte
lei] lIF> lIF il]e ilhawe lIf!F!ve
lei il> il> ilhe ilhe ilhe

. . . . . .
Aleq! AlIFam! Ailhn! AlIF Ailhatam! Ailht
Aleq! AlIFm! AlIF AlIFa> Ailhawam! AlIf!F!vm!
Alehm! Ail Ail Ailih Ailih Ailih

. . . . . .
leF,u lIFat! lIFam! ilhNtu lIFam! ilhatam! ilhtam!
lIiF, lIFat! lIFm! lIF ilv ilhawam! lIf!F!vm
lehain lehav leham lehE lehavhE lehamhE
110
:

. . . . . .
ilat! ilatam! ilu> ilhIt ilhIyatam! ilhIrn!
ila> ilatm! ilat ilhIwa> ilhIyawam! ilhIXvm!
ilam! ilav ilam ilhIy ilhIvih ilhImih
(50) stu (, )

lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
StaEit, StvIit Stut>, StuvIt> StuviNt
StaEi;, StvIi; Stuw>, StuvIw> Stuw, StuvIw
StaEim, StvIim Stuv>, StuvIv> Stum>, StuvIm>
. . .
AStaEt! , AStvIt! AStutam! ,AStuvItam! AStuvn!
AStaE>, AStvI> AStutm! ,AStuvItm! Stut,AStuvIt
AStvm! AStv,AStuvIv Stvam,AStuvIm
111
:
. . .
StaEt,u Stutat!, StvItu, Stutam! , StuvItam! StuvNtu
StvItat!
Stuih , Stutat! , Stutm! , StuvItm! Stut, StuvIt
StuvIih, StuvItat!
Stvain Stvav Stvam
. . .
Stuyat! , StuvIyat! Stuyatam! , StuvIyatam! Stuyu>, StuvIyu>
Stuya>, StuvIya> Stuyatm! , StuvIyatm! Stuyat, StuvIyat
Stuyam! , StuvIyam! Stuyav, StuvIyav Stuyam, StuvIyam
lq! (Present Tense)
. . .
Stut,e StuvIte Stuvate Stuvte
Stu;,e StuvI;e Stuvawe StuXve, StuvIXve
Stuve Stuvhe, StuvIvhe Stumhe, StuvImhe
112
:
. . .
AStut, AStuvIt AStuvatam! AStuvt
AStuwa>, StuvIwa> AStuvawam! AStuXvm! ,AStuvIXvm!
AStuiv AStuvih, AStuvIvih AStumih, AStuvImih
. . .
Stutam!, StuvItam! Stuvatam! Stuvtam!
Stu:v, StuvI:v Stuvawam! StuXvm! , StuvIXvm!
StvE StvavhE StvamhE
. . .
StuvIt StuvIyatam! StuvIrn!
StuvIwa> StuvIyawam! StuvIXvm!
StuvIy StuvIvih StuvImih
113
:
(Non Conjugational Tenses & Moods)

2 + 6 lu'!
ilq! luq! q! AazIilR'! '!!
5

3
1. seq! ( s + #q! ) #
-U = -ivta AcR = AicRta
2. Ainq! ( An + #q! ) #
l-! = lVxa
3. veq! ( va + #q! ) #
SyNdU = SyiNdta, SyNta
3

As! (2) , -U b-Uv
Uh! (2) , vc! %vac
114
:
3 seq! Ainq! veq!

seq!
10
^ \
( Ainq! )
Ainq!
( seq)!
veq!

(Reduplication)
1.
pt! ppt! da dda

xa dxa
115
:
()
() h j
iod! iciod! k ck i ijI

CD! pCD!

Stu tuStu , tu:qu Swa tSwa
2. \ #
da dda nI innI xa dxa
-I ib-I -& ib-&

\ A k ck
@ @e #
sev! is;ev!
Aae AaE %
FaEk! fuFaEk!
116
:
()
1)
1
2)
2
+ =

10 6 luq!
q! '!! ilq! AazIilR'! lu'! 4
luq! ()
(First Future) ...

. . . . . .
. ta taraE tar> ta taraE tar>
. tais taSw> taSw tase tasawe taXve
. taiSm taSv> taSm> tahe taSvhe taSmhe
4

117
:
q!
()
(Second Future) ...

. . . . . .
. Syit Syt> SyiNt Syte Syete SyNte
. Syis Syw> Syw Syse Syewe SyXve
. Syaim Syav> Syam> Sye Syavhe Syamhe
'! () ,
(Conditional) ...

. . . . . .
. Syt! Sytam! Syn! Syt Syetam! SyNt
. Sy> Sytm! Syt Sywa> Syewam! SyXvm!
. Sym! Syav Syam Sye Syavih Syamih
ilq!
()
(Past Tense : Perfect) ...

. . . . . .
. A Atu> %> @ Aate #re
w Awu> A se Aawe Xve
.
. A v m @ vhe mhe
118
:
AazIilR'! ()
(Benedictive) ...
. . . . . .
. yat! yaStam! yasu> sI:q sIyaStam! sIrn!
. ya> yaStm! yaSt sI:Qa> sIyaSwam! sIXvm!
. yasm! yaSv yaSm sIy sIvih sImih
lu'! ()
Past Tense (Aorist) ...
lu'! ( 1) (Root Aorist)
. . . . . .
. t! tam! %>
. s! tm! t
Am! v m

.
lu'! ( 2) (A Aorist)
. . . . . .
. Am! v m # vih mih
119
:
lu'! ( 3) (Reduplicated Aorist)

. . . . . .
. Am! v m # vih mih
lu'! ( 4) (s! Aorist)

. . . . . .
. sIt! Stam! su> St satam st
. sI> Stm! St Swa> sawam! Xvm!
. sm! Sv Sm is Svih Smih
lu'! ( 5) (#;! Aorist)

. . . . .
. $t! #am! #;u> # #;atam! #;t
. $> #m! # #a> #;awam! #Xvm!
. #;m! #:v #:m #i; #:vih #:mih
lu'! ( 6) (is;! Aorist)

. . . . . .
. sIt! izam! is;u>
. sI> ism! is
. is;m! is:v is:m

120
:

. . . . . .
. st! stam! sn! st satam! sNt
. s> stm! st swa> sawam! sXvm!
. sm! sav sam is savih samih

luq! ()
1.
2.

3.
- # seq!
- # Ainq!
- # veq!
4.
121
:
5.
- seq! #
#;! () sh! () lu-! () ;! ()
ir;! ()
- kam! () kamy!
- gup! () gaepay!
- nz! () n<z!
- s&j! () j!
- z! () z!
- m& ()

+ luq! = luq!

-U (1) (seq! ) (, )
. . .
-ivta -ivtaraE -ivtar>
-ivtais -ivtaSw> -ivtaSw
-ivtaiSm -ivtaSv> -ivtaSm>
122
:
ij (1) (Ainq! ) ()
. . .
jeta jetaraE jetar>
jetais jetaSw> jetaSw
jetaiSm jetaSv> jetaSm>

-a;! (1) (seq! ) (, )
. . .
-ai;ta -ai;taraE -ai;tar>
-ai;tase -ai;tasawe -ai;taXve
-ai;tahe -ai;taSvhe -ai;taSmhe
l-! (1) (Ainq! ) ()
. . .
lBxa lBxaraE lBxar>
lBxase lBxasawe lBxaXve
lBxahe lBxaSvhe lBxaSmhe
123
:
q! ()
1.
2.

3.
- # seq!
- # Ainq!
- # veq!
4.

+ luq! = luq!

-U (1) (seq! ) (, )
. . .
-iv:yit -iv:yt> -iv:yiNt
-iv:yis -iv:yw> -iv:yw
-iv:yaim -iv:yav> -iv:yam>
124
:

l-! (1) (Ainq! ) ()
. . .
lPSyte lPSyete lPSyNte
lPSyse lPSyewe lPSyXve
lPSye lPSyavhe lPSyamhe
'! () ,
1. A
2.

3.
- # seq!
- # Ainq!
- # veq!
4.

A + + '! = '
125
:

-U (1) (seq! ) (, )
. . .
A-iv:yt! A-iv:ytam! A-iv:yn!
A-iv:y> A-iv:ytm! A-iv:yt

A-iv:ym! A-iv:yav A-iv:yam

l-! (1) (Ainq! ) ()
. . .
AlPSyt AlPSyetam! AlPSyNt
AlPSywa> AlPSyewam! AlPSyXvm!

AlPSye AlPSyavih AlPSyamih
126
:
luq! q! '!
( )

luq! q! '!

1 AcR! seq! AicRta AicR:yit AaicR:yt!
2 k&p! Ainq! kRa, a kyRit, AkyRt! ,
yit Ayt!
3 gm! Ainq! gNta gim:yit Agim:yt!

4 dh! Ainq! dGxa xyit Axyt!
6 z! Ainq! a yit Ayt!
7 nm! Ainq! nNta n<Syit An<Syt!
8 pa Ainq! pata paSyit ApaSyt!
9 h! Ainq! raeFa raeyit Araeyt!
10 u Ainq! aeta ae:yit Aae:yt!
11 # Ainq! @ta @:yit @e:yt!
12 hn! Ainq! hNta hin:yit Ahin:yt!
13 kux! Ainq! aea aeTSyit AaeTSyt!
127
:

luq! q! '!

14 n&t! 5 seq! nitRta nitR:yit, AnitR:yt!,
nTSyRit AnTSyRt!
15 kt! seq! kitRta kitR:yit, AkitR:yt!,
kTSyRit AkTSyRt!
16 #;! seq! @i;ta, @a @i;:yit @ei;:yt!
17 CD! Ainq! a yit Ayt!
18 s&j! Ainq! a yit Ayt!

19 r-! Ainq! rBxa rPSyte ArPSyt!
20 v&t! 6 seq! vitRta vitR:yte, AvitR:yt!,
vTSyRit AvTSyRt!
21 v&x! seq! vixRta vixR:yte, AvixR:yt!,
vTSyRit AvTSyRt!
22 SyNd! veq! SyNidta, SyiNd:yte, ASyiNd:yt! ,
Synda SyNTSyit, ASyNTSyt! ,
SyNTSyte ASyNTSyt!
5
n&t! kt! # q! '!
6
v&t! v&x! SyNd! q! '!
Ainq!
128
:

luq! q! '!

24 yj! Ainq! ya yyit - te Ayyt! - t
25 vh! Ainq! vaeFa vyit - te Avyt! - t
U Ainq! va vyit - te Avyt! - t
26
Ainq! daeGxa xaeyit -te Axaeyt! -t
27 duh!
Ainq! yaea yaeyit -te Ayaeyt! -t
28 yuj!
Ainq! ktRa kir:yit -te Akir:yt! -t
29 k
seq! hIta hI:yit -te AhI:yt! -t
30 h! 7
seq! virtae, vrIta vir:yit - te Avir:yt! - t
31 v&
vrI:yit - te AvrI:yt! - t
caeriyta caeriy:yit - te Acaeriy:yt! - t
32 cur! seq!
7
# h!
129
:
AazIilR'! ()
1.

2.
#

-U + yat! = -Uyat!
@
da = deyat! xa = xeyat!
ma = meyat! Swa = Sweyat!
Aa @ @e Aae
@
Aa @
GlE (Gla ) = Gleyat! , Glayat!
MlE (Mla ) = Mleyat! , Mlayat!
XyE (Xya ) = Xyeyat! , Xyayat!

a = eyat! , ayat!
\ #
St& = Stir;I , St&;I
St& = Stir;I , St&;I
Sm& = Smir;I
\ \
ir
k = i;I
130
:
3.
( \)

# seq! veq!

+ AazIilR'! = AazIilR'!

-U (1) (seq! ) (, )
. . .
-Uyat! -UyaStam! -Uyasu>
-Uya> -UyaStm! -UyaSt
-Uyasm! -UyaSv -UyaSm

@x! (1) (seq! ) (, )
. . .
@ix;I @ix;IyaStam! @ix;Irn!
@ix;Ia> @ix;IyaSwam! @ix;IXvm!
@ix;Iy @ix;Ivih @ix;Imih
131
:
l-! (1) (Ainq! ) ()
. . .
lPsI lPsIyaStam! lPsIrn!
lPsIa> lPsIyaSwam! lPsIXvm!
lPsIy lPsIvih lPsImih
ilq! ()
... 2 iTvilq!
() Anuyaegilq! ()
iTvilq! ()
1. 1 2 3
2.
#
3.
+ ilq! = iTvilq!
132
:

-U (1) (seq! ) (, )
. . .
b-Uv b-Uvtu> b-Uvu>
b-Uivw b-Uvwu> b-Uv
b-Uv b-Uivv b-Uivm
Aq! (1) (seq! ) (, ) 8

. . .
Aaq Aaqtu> Aaqu>
Aaiqw Aaqwu> Aaq
Aaq Aaiqv Aaiqm
AcR! (1) (seq! ) () 9
. . .
AancR AancRtu> Aaqu>
AanicRw AancRwu> Aaq
AancR AanicRv AanicRm
8
Aq! As! Aas As! Aaz
9
AcR! Ac! Aan AhR! AanhR \CD!AanCDR
133
:
Nd! (1) (seq! ) () 10
. . .
cNd cNdtu> cNdu>
ciNdw cNdwu> cNd
cNd ciNdv ciNdm
cr! (1) (seq! ) (, ) 11

. . .
ccar certu> ce>
ceirw cerwu> cer
ccar, ccr ceirv ceirm
m! (1) (seq! ) (, , ) 12
. . .
bam bmtu>, emtu> bmu>, emu>
bimw, eimw bmwu>, emwu> bm, em
bam, bm bimv, eimv bimm, eimm
10
Nd! ka'!]
! cka'!]! oad! coad! Nw! jNw!
-j! b-! ih<s
! ijih<s
11
cr! cm! ccam cl! ccal jp! jjap
tn! ttan tp! ttap tm! ttam
dh! ddah nq! nnaq nd! nnad
nm! nnam nz! nnaz nh! nnah
pc! ppac pQ ppaQ pt! ppat
rq! rraq lp! llap l;! lla;
ls! llas zk! zzak zp zzap
t& ttar )l! p)al
12
m! s! tas
134
:
gm! (1) (Ainq! ) () 13
. . .
jgam jGmtu> jGmu>
jgimw, jgNw jGmw> jGm
jgam, jgm jiGmv jiGmm
Ad! (2) (Ainq! ) ()
. . .
jxas j]tu> j]u>
jxisw j]wu> j]
jxas, jxs ji]v ji]m
#;! (6) (seq! ) ()
. . .
#ye; $;tu> $;u>
#yei;w, $i;w $;wu> $;
#ye; $i;v $i;m
kup! (4) (seq! ) () 14
. . .
cukaep cukuptu> cukupu>
cukaeipw cukupwu> cukup
cukaep cukuipv cukuipm
13
gm! hn! jxan sn! coan
14
kup! kux! cukaex ]u-
! cu]ae- duh! dudaeh kuz! cukaez
tud
! tutaed pu;! pupae; bux! bubaex
135
:
k;! (1) (Ainq! ) () 15

. . .
ck;R ck;tu> ck;u>
cki;Rw ck;wu> ck;
ck;R cki;v cki;m
z! (1) (Ainq! ) (, ) 16
. . .
ddzR dztu> dzu>
ddizRw, d dzwu> dz
ddzR dizv dizm
ij (1) (Ainq! ) ()
. . .
ijgay ijGytu> ijGyu>
ijgiyw, ijgew ijGywu> ijGy
ijgay, ijgy ijiGyv ijiGym
pa (1) (Ainq! ) () 17
. . .
ppaE pptu> ppu>
pipw, ppaw ppwu> pp
ppaE pipv pipm
15
k;! kt! cktR t&p! ttpR p! ddpR
n&t! nntR t&;! tt;R s&p! sspR
16
z! s&j! ssjR
17
pa ya yyaE -a b-aE ga jgaE }a j}aE
ma mmaE a jaE ha jhaE va vvaE
Swa tSwaE MlE mMlaE XyE dXyaE GlE jGlaE
136
:
u (1) (Ainq! ) (, ) 18
. . .
zuav zuuvtu> zuuvu>
zuaew zuuvwu> zuuv
zuav, zuuv zuuv zuum
Sm& (1) (Ainq! ) (, )

. . .
sSmar sSmrtu> sSm>
ssmwR sSmrwu> sSmr
sSmar, ssmr sSmirv sSmirm
vs! (1) (Ainq! ) (, ) 19

. . .
%vas ^;tu> ^;u>
%visw, %vSw ^;wu> ^;
%vas, %vs î;v î;m
18
u u suav u duav

19
vs! vd! %vad
137
:

kaz! (1) (seq! ) () 20
. . .
ckaze ckazate ckaizre
ckaiz;e ckazawe ckaizXve
ckze ckaizvhe ckaizmhe
l-! (1) (Ainq! ) () 21

. . .
le-e le-ate lei-re
lei-;e le-awe lei-Xve
le-e lei-vhe lei-mhe
c]! (2) (Ainq! ) ()

. . .
cc]e cc]ate cci]re
cci];e cc]awe cci]Xve
cc]e cci]vhe cci]mhe
20
kaz! vNd! vvNde mud! mumude ivd! ivivde
ghR
! jgheR v&x! vv&xe Vyw! ivVywe
-as! b-aze v&t! vv&te *ut! iv*ut e
21
l-! pd! ped e mn! men e yt! yet e
ym! yem e rm! rem e sh! seh e
p! epe jn! jene
138
:

i]p! (6) (Ainq!) (, , ) 22

. . . . . .
ic]ep ici]ptu> ic]epu> iic]epe ici]pate ic]eipre
ic]eipw ic]epwu> ici]p ic]eip;e ic]epawe ici]pXve
ic]ep ici]ipv ici]ipm ic]epe ici]ipvhe ici]ipmhe
k;! (1) (Ainq!) () 23

. . . . . .
ck;R ck;tu> ck;u> ck;Re ck;ate cki;re
cki;Rw ck;wu> ck; cki;R;e ck;awe ck;Xve
ck;R cki;v cki;m ck;Re cki;vhe cki;mhe
ic (5) (Ainq!) (, )

. . . . . .
iccay icCytu> icCyu> ciccaye icCyate icCiyre
icciyw, iccew icCywu> icCy icciy;e icCyawe icCyXve
iccay, iccy iciCyv iciCym iccaye iciCyvhe iciCymhee
22
i]p! iod! icoed ip;! ippe; ilo! illeo
ivz! ivvez i-d! ib-ed ilp! illep
idb! iddev iDd! icCDed ilh! illeh
i;! ide; iml! immel ilx! is;ex
isc! is;ec iSvd! is:ved
23
k;! kt! cktR t&p! ttpR p! ddpR
n&t! nntR t&;! tt;R s&p! sspR
139
:
-j! (1) (Ainq!) () 24

. . . . . .
b-aj -ejtu> -eju> -eje -ejate -eijre
-eijw, b-Kw -ejwu> -ej -eij;e -ejawe -eijXve
b-aj, b-j -eijv -eijm -eje -eijvhe -eijmhe
raj! (1) (seq)! ()

. . . . . .
rraj rrajtu>, rraju>, rraje, rrajate, rraijre,
rejtu> reju> reje rejate reijre
rraijw, reijw rrajwu>, rraj, rraij;e, rrajaw, rraijXve,
rejwu> rej reij;e rejawe reijXve
rraj rraijv, rraijm, rraje, rraijvhe, rraijmhe,
reijv reijm reje reijvhe reijmhe
h! (9) (seq! ) ()

. . . . . .
jah jg&htu> jg&hu> jg&he jg&hate jg&ihre
jihw jg&hwu> jg&h jg&ih;e jg&hawe jg&ihXve
jah, jh jg&ihv jg&ihm jg&he jg&ihvhe jg&ihmhe
24
-j! tn! ttan, tene
140
:
e (1) (Ainq! ) ()

. . . . . .
juhav juhuvtu> juhuvu> juhuve juhuvate juhuivre
juhuivw, juhaew juhuvwu> juhuv juhuiv;e juhuvawe juhuivXve
juhav, juhv juhuivv juhuivm juhuve juhuivvhe juhuivmhe
U (2) (seq! ) (, ) 25

. . . . . .
%vac ^ctu> ^cu> ^ce ^cate îcre
%vicw, %vKw ^cwu> ^c îc;e ^cawe îcXve
%vac, %vc îcv îcm ^ce îcvhe îcmhe
yj! (1) (Ainq! ) (, )

. . . . . .
#yaj $jtu> $ju> $je $jate $ijre
#yijw, #y $jwu> $j $ij;e $jawe $ijXve
#yaj, #yj $ijv $ijm $je $ijvhe $ijmhe
25
U vp! %vap, ^pe vh! %vah, ^he (. .
%vihw, %vaeF)
141
:
-uj! (7) (Ainq! ) ()

. . . . . .
bu-aej bu-ujtu> bu-uju> bu-uje bu-ujate bu-uijre
bu-aeijw bu-ujwu> bu-uj bu-uij;e bu-ujawe bu-uijXve
bu-aej bu-uijv bu-uijm bu-uje bu-uijvhe bu-uijmhee
k (8) (Ainq! ) () 26

. . . . . .
ckar ctu> cu> ce cate cire
ckwR cwu> c ck;e cawe ckF!ve
ckar, ckr ckv ckm ce ckvhe ckmhe
nI (1) (Ainq! ) ()

. . . . . .
innay inNytu> inNyu> inNye inNyate inNiyre
inniyw, innew inNywu> inNy inNiy;e inNyawe inNiyXve
innay, inny iniNyv iniNym inNye inNiyvhe inNiymhe
26
k v& vvirw (. . .)
142
:
Stu (2) (Ainq! ) ()

. . . . . .
tuav tuuvtu> tuuvu> tuuve tuuvate tuuivre
tuuivw tuuvwu> tuuv tuu;e tuuvawe tuuvF!ve
tuav tuuivv tuuivm tuuve tuuvhe tuumhe
Anuyaegilq! ()
1
3 3 k As! -U
3 ck Aas! b-Uv!
1. 1 2 3

2.
#
3.

143
:
4. 3 ck Aas! b-Uv!
10
( Ay )

kw! + Ay + Aa< + ck kwyack ()
kw! + Ay + Aa< + Aas! kwyamas ()
kw! + Ay + Aa< + b-Uv! kwya<b-Uv ()

+ Aa< + (jk, Aas, v-Uv)! + ilq! = Anyaegilq
k (ck) k
k 2
As! -U k

kw! (10) (seq! ) (, , )
1 ck
. . .
kwyackar kwyactu> kwyacu>
kwyackwR kwyacwu> kwyac
kwyackar, kwyackr kwyackv kwyackm
144
:
2 Aas!
. . .
kwyamas kwyamastu> kwyamasu>
kwyamaisw kwyamaswu> kwyamas
kwyamas kwyamaisv kwyamaism
3 b-Uv!
. . .
kwya<b-Uv kwya<b-Uvtu> kwya<b-Uvu>
kwya<b-Uivw kwya<b-Uvwu> kwya<b-Uv
kwya<b-Uv kwya<b-Uivv kwya<b-Uivm
145
:

kw! (10) (seq! ) (, , )
1 ck
. . .
kwyace kwyacate kwyacire
kwyack;e kwyacawe kwyackF!ve
kwyace kwyackvhe kwyackmhe
2 Aas!
. . .
kwyamase kwyamasate kwyamaisre
kwyamais;e kwyamasawe kwyamaisXve
kwyamase kwyamaisvhe kwyamaismhe
3 b-Uv!
. . .
kwya<b-Uve kwya<b-Uvate kwya<b-Uivre
kwya<b-Uiv;e kwya<b-Uvawe kwya<b-UivXve
kwya<b-Uve kwya<b-Uivvhe kwya<b-Uivmhe
146
:
Anuyaegilq!
1 2 3
ck Aas! b-Uv!
1 %;! Aae;akar Aae;amas Aae;a<b-Uv
2 ivd! ivdakar ivdamas ivda<b-Uv
3 jag& jagrakar jagramas jagra<b-Uv
4 -I ib-yakar ib-yamas ib-ya<b-Uv
5 I ijyakar ijyamas ija<b-Uv
6 hu juhvakar juhvamas juhva<b-Uv
7 dir dirakar diramas dira<b-Uv

8 #NxU #Nxae #Nxamas #Nxa<b-Uv
9 $]! $]ae $]amas $]a<b-Uv
10 ^h! ^hae ^hamas ^ha<b-Uv
11 @x! @xae @xamas @xa<b-Uv
12 dy! dyae dyamas dya<b-Uv
13 Ay! Ayae Ayamas Aya<b-Uv
14 kas! kasae kasamas kasa<b-Uv

15 -& ib-arkar, ib-ramas ib-ra<b-Uv
ib-ae
16 cur! caeryakar, caeryamas caerya<b-Uv
caerya
147
:
10 cur!

%;! %bae; ivd! ivved jag& jjagar
-I ib-ay I ijay hu juhav
dira ddiraE -& b-ar
lu'! ()

l'! A
7 3
1. Simple Aorist Root Aorist A-Aorist
2. Reduplicate Aorist
3. Sibilant Aorist s!-Aorist, #;!-Aorist, is;!-Aorist
s-Aorist

27
lu'! 7
lu'! ( 1) (Root Aorist)

. . . . . .
. t! tam! %>

. s! tm! t
. Am! v m
27
lu'!
A Sanskrit Primer E.D. Perry
148
:

. . . . . .
. Am! v m # vih mih

. . . . . .
. Am! v m # vih mih

. . . . . .
. sIt! Stam! su> St satam! st
. sI> Stm! St Swa> sawam! Xvm!
. sm! Sv Sm is Svih Smih
lu'! ( 5) (#;! Aorist)

. . . . . .
. $t! #am! #;u> # #;atam! #;t
. $> #m! # #a> #;awam! #Xvm!
. #;m! #:v #:m #i; #:vih #:mih
149
:

. . . . . .
. sIt! izam! is;u>
. sI> ism! is
. is;m! is:v is:m

. . . . . .
. st! stam! sn! st satam! sNt
. s> stm! st swa> sawam! sXvm!
. sm! sav sam is savih samih
lu'! 7
lu'! 1 (Root Aorist)
1. l'!
2. Aa -U
3. Aa %>
4. -U -Uv
5. -U An! %>
150
:

da (3)
. . .
Adat! Adatam! Adu>
Ada> Adatm! Adat
Adam! Adav Adam
pa (1)
. . .
Apat! Apatam! Apu>
Apa> Apatm! Apat
Apam! Apav Apam
-U (1) ,
. . .
A-Ut! A-Utam! A-Uvn!
A-U> A-Utm! A-Ut
A-Uvm! A-Uv A-Um
151
:
lu'! 1

. .
1 da Adat! Adatam! Adu>
2 a Aat! Aatam! Au>
3 xa Axat! Axatam! Axu>
4 Swa ASwat! ASwatam! ASwu>
5 ga Agat! Agatam! Agu>
( #)
1. l'!
2.
3.
Oya Oy! As! ASw!
vc! vaec! z! dzR!

gm! (1)
. . .
Agmt! Agmtam! Agmn!
Agm> Agmtm! Agmt
Agmm! Agmav Agmam
152
:

ilp! (6) ,
. . .
Ailpt Ailpetam! AilpNt
Ailpwa> Ailpewam! AilpXvm!
Ailpe Ailpavih Ailpamih
lu'! 2

. .

1 As! AaSwt! AaSwtam! AaSwn!
2 Aap! Aapt! Aaptam! Aapn!
3 kux! Akuxt! Akuxtam! Akuxn!
4 m! Amt! Amtam! Amn!
5 ]m! A]mt! A]mtam! A]mn!
6 Oya AOyt! AOytam! AOyn!
7 gm! Agmt! Agmtam! Agmn!

8 tu;! Atu;t! Atu;tam! Atu;n!
9 du;! Adu;t! Adu;tam! Adu;n!
10 uh! Auht! Auhtam! Auhn!
11 nz! Anzt! Anztam! Anzn!
12 pt! Aptt! Apttam! Aptn!
13 ip;! Aip;t! Aip;tam! Aip;n!
153
:

. .

14 pu;! Apu;t! Apu;tam! Apu;n!
16 muc! Amuct! Amuctam! Amucn!
17 muh! Amuht! Amuhtam! Amuhn!
18 lup! Alupt! Aluptam! Alupn!
19 lu-! Alu-t! Alu-tam! Alu-n!
20 zk! Azkt! Azktam! Azkn!

21 zm! Azmt! Azmtam! Azmn!
22 md! Amdt! Amdtam! Amdn!
23 zas! Aizst! Aizstam! Aizsn!
25 i;! Ai;t! Ai;tam! Ai;n!
26 sd! Asdt! Asdtam! Asdn!
27 isx! Aisxt! Aisxtam! Aisxn!
28 s&p! As&pt! AsUptam! AsUpn!
29 ih! Aiht! Aihtam! Aihn!
30 iSvd! AiSvdt! AiSvdtam! AiSvdn!
31 ;! A;t! A;tam! A;n!

32 sm! + Oya smOyt smOytam! smOyn!
154
:

33 U vc! Avaect! , Avaecatam! , Avaecn!
Avaect Avaecetam! AvaecNt
ilp! isc! e lu'!

2 2 4

2 4
1 ilp! Ailpt! Ailpt Ail
2 isc! Aisct! Aisct Ais
3 e At! At AaSt
2 4

2 4
1 iDd! AiCDdt! ACDETsIt!
2 z! AdzRt! Aa]It!
3 inj! Ainjt! AnE]It! , Ain
4 i-d! Ai-dt! A-E]It!
5 yuj! Ayujt! AyaE]It! , Ayu
6 x! Axt! AraETsIt!
155
:
2 5

2 5
1 xu;! Axu;t! Axae;It!
2 Cyut! ACyutt! ACyaetIt!
3 t&p! At&pt! AtpIRt!
4 p! Apt! AdpIRt!
5 bux! Abuxt! AbaexIt!
6 d! Adt! AraedIt!
7 zuc! Azuct! AzaecIt!
8 StM-! AStM-t! AStM-It!
9 S)uq! AS)uqt! AS)aeqIt!
lu'!
2
2 5

2 5
1 ]u-! A]u-t! A]aei-
2 *ut! A*utt! A*aeit
3 Xv<s! AXv<st! AXv<is
4 c! Act! Araeic
5 v&t! At&tt! AvitR
6 v&x! Av&xt! AvixR
7 <s! Ast! A<is
8 iSvd! AiSvdt! ASveid
156
:
1. lu'! 2
2. 10 km! i u U
3.
4.
cur! cUcur!
5. A $
tf! tIf!
6. A # #y! %
%v!

cur! (10 .) ,

. . . . . .
AcUcurt! AcUcurtam! AcUcurn! AcUcurt AcUcuretam! AcUcurNt
AcUcur> AcUcurtm! AcUcurt AcUcurwa> AcUcru ewam! AcUcurXvm!
AcUcurm! AcUcurav AcUcru am AcUcure AcUcru avih AcUcru amih
(1 .)

. . . . . .
AAjIhrt! AjIhurtam! AjIhrn! AjIhrt AjIhretam! AjIhrNt
AjIhur> AjIhtm! AjIhrt AcUcurwa> AjIhrewam! AjIhrXvm!
AjIhurm! AjIhrav AjIhram AjIhre AjIhravih AjIhramih
157
:
lu'! 3

1 cur! AcUcurt! AcUcurt
2 tf! AtIft! AtIft
3 pal! ApIplt! ApIplt
4 -]! Ab-]t! Ab-]t
5 v! Avvt! Avvt
6 v[R! Avv[Rt! Avv[Rt

7 -U Aib-vt! Aib-vt
8 jn! AjIjnt! AjIjnt
9 sU AsUsvt! AsUsvt
10 hn! AjI"nt! AjI"nt
11 rm! ArIrmt! ArIrmt
12 muc! AmUmuct! AmUmuct
13 U AvIvct! AvIvct
14 vh! AbIvht! AbIvht
15 m! Aivmt! Aivmt

16 km! AcIkmt! AcIkmt
17 i Aiziyt! Aiziyt
18 u AFuubt! AFuubt
19 u Asuvt! Asuvt
158
:
1. lu'! 2 s!
2. Ainq!
3.

4. # $ % ^

5. s! (
) s!
Ai-d! + St = Ai- A-Ed! + Stam! = A-Eam!

vs! (1) (Ainq! ) , 28
. . .
AvaTsIt! Avaam! AvaTsu>
AvaTsI> Avam! Ava
AvaTsm! AvaTSv AvaTSm
ij (1) (Ainq! ) 29
. . .
AjE;It! AjEam! AjE;u>
AjE;I> AjEm! AjE
AjE;m! AjE:v AjE:m
28
vs! (. .) i-d! A-ETsIt! iDd! ACDETsIt!
Svp! ASvaPsIt! i]p! A]EPsIt! vp! AvaPsIt!
29
ij (. .) nI AnE;It! u AaE;It!
yu AyaE;It! nu AnaE;It!
159
:
bNx! (9) (Ainq! )
. . .
A-aNTsIt! A-aNxam! A-aNTsu>
A-aNTsI> AbaNxm! AbaNx
A-aNTsm! A-aNTSv A-aNTSm
dh! (1) (Ainq! ) ,

. . .
Axa]It! AdaGxam! Axa]u>
Axa]I> AdaGxm! AdaGx
Axa]m! Axav Axam
dz! (1) (Ainq! ) , ,

. . .
Ada'!]It! Ada<am! Ada'!]u>
Ada'!]I> Ada<m! Ada<
Ada'!]m! Ada'!v Ada'!m

pd! (10) (Ainq! ) ,
. . .
Apaid ApTsatam! ApTst
ApTwa> ApTsawam! Apd!Xvm!
ApiTs ApTSvih ApTSmih
160
:
bux! (4) (Ainq! ) ,

. . .
Abaeix, Abu A-uTsatam! A-uTst
Abua> AbuTsawam! A-uXvm!
A-uiTs A-uTSvih A-uTSmih
m! (1) (Ainq! ) , ,
. . .
A<St A<satam! A<st
A<Swa> A<sawam! A<Xvm!
A<is A<Svih A<Smih
161
:

ic (5) (Ainq! ) 30

. . . . . .
AcE;It! AcEam! AcE;u> Ace Ace;atam! Ace;t
AcE;I> AcEm! AcE Acea> Ace;awam! AceF!Xvm!
AcE;m! AcE:v AcE:m Acei; Ace:vih Ace:mih
k (8) (Ainq! ) 31

. . . . . .
Aka;IRt! AkaRam! Aka;uR> Akt Ak;atam! Ak;t
Aka;IR> AkaRm! AkaR Akwa> Ak;awam! AkF!vm!
Aka;Rm! Aka:vR Aka:mR Aki; Ak:vih Ak:mih
yj! (1) (Ainq! ) , 32

. . . . . .
Aya]It! Ayaam! Ay]t Ay Ay]atam! Ay]t
Aya> Ayam! Aya Aya]I> Ay]awam! AyF!vm!
Aya]m Ayav Ayam Ayi] Ayvih Aymih
30
ic (. .) i]A]E;It! -IA-E;It! IAE;It! , Ae
31
k (. .) m& Ama;IRt! , Am&t Aha;IRt! At
v& Av&t
32
k (. .) s&j
!& Aa]It! CD! Aa]It!
z!
& Aa]It!
162
:
pc! (1) (Ainq! ) 33

. . . . . .
Apa]It! Apaam! Apa]u> Ap Ap]atam! Ap]t
Apa;I> Apam! Apa ApKwa> Ap]awam! ApGXvm!
Apa]m! Apav Apam Api] Apvih Apmih
vh! (1) (Ainq! ) ,

. . . . . .
Ava]It! AvaeFam! Ava]u> AvaeF Av]tam! Av]t
Ava]I> AvaeFm! AvaeF AvaeFa> AvaeFm! AvaeF
Av]m! Avav Avam Avi] Avvih Avmih
lu'! ( 5) (#;! Aorist)
1. lu'! 4 #;!
2. seq!
3.

4.

33
pc! (. .) -j! A-a'!]It! -j! A-a]It!, A-
-uj
! A-aE]It!, A-u
163
:
5. 2

6. 2 A

7. $t! $> #;!
8. Xvm! ;! #;!
vd! (1) (seq! ) ,
. . .
AvadIt! Avaidam! Avaid;u>
AvadI> Avaidm! Avaid
Avaid;m! Avaid:v Avaid:m
164
:

1 Stu AStavIt! -
2 su AsavIt! -
3 nu AnavIt! -
4 AravIt! -
5 k AkarIt! -
6 p AparIt! -
7 t AtarIt! -
8 )l! A)alit! -
9 Jvl! AJvalIt! -
10 cl! AcalIt! -
11 j! AajIt! -

1 () 2 ()
1 gd! AgadIt! AgdIt!
2 pQ! ApaQIt! ApQIt!
3 -[! A-a[It! A-[It!
4 s! AasIt! AsIt!
5 nq! AnaqIt! AnqIt!
6 nd! AnadIt! AndIt!
7 Xvn! AXvanIt! AXvnIt!
8 md! AmadIt! AmdIt!
9 lp! AlapIt! AlpIt!
10 ls! AlasIt! AlsIt!
165
:

1 m! AmIt! -
2 cm! AcmIt! -
3 vm! AvmIt! -
4 Vyy! AVyyIt! -
5 h! AhIt! -
6 s! AsIt! -
7 jag& AjagrIt! -
8 mw! AmwIt! -
9 lg! AlgIt! -
10 hs! AhsIt! -
11 hn! AhnIt! -

1 bux! AbaexIt! -
2 gup! AgaepIt! -
3 iz! AezIt! -
4 ]u-! A]ae-It! -
5 idv! AdevIt! -
6 n&t! AntIRt! -
7 iml! AmelIt! -
8 m&;! Am;IRt! -
166
:

1 If! AIfIt! -
2 mUCDR! AmUCDIRt! -

-a;! (1) (seq! ) ,
. . .
A-ai; A-ai;;atam! A-ai;;t
A-ai;a> A-ai;;awam! A-ai;Xvm!
A-ai;i; A-ai;:vih A-ai;:mih

zI Aziy
mud! Amaeid
]u-! 5
2
]u-! A]aei-
*ut! A*aeit
2
dIp! AdIip, AdIip
jn! Ajin, Ajin
pUir ApUir, ApU&i
167
:

^[Ru (2) (seq! ) , ,

. . . . . .
AaE[aRvIt!, AaE[RvIt!, AaE[Rivam! AaE[Riv;u> AaE[Riv, AaE[Riv;atam! AaE[Riv;t
AaE[uRvIt AaE[Ruiv
AaE[RvI> AaE[Rivm! AaE[Riv AaE[Riva> AaE[Riv;awam! AaE[RivXvm!
AaE[Riv;m! AaE[Riv:v AaE[Riv:m AaE[Rivi; AaE[Riv:vih AaE[Riv:mih
tn! (8) (seq! )

. . . . . .
AtanIt! , AtnIt! Atinam! Atin;u> Atin,Att Atin;atam! Atin;t
AtnI> Atinm! Atin Aitina>, Atin;awam! AtinXvm!
Atwa>
Atin;m! Atin:v Atin:m Atini; Atin:vih Atin:mih

1. lu'! 1 is;!
2. Ainq! Aa ym!
rm! nm!
168
:

ya (2) (Ainq! ) ()
. . .
AyasIt! Ayaisam! Ayais;u>
AyasI> Ayaism! Ayais
Ayais;m! Ayais:v Ayais:m
Aa lu'! 1,
2 ym! rm! nm! 6

1 pa ApasIt! -
2 Gla AGlasIt! -
3 a AasIt! -
4 }a A}asIt! -
5 ma AmasIt! -
6 Sna ASnasIt! -
7 ha AhasIt! -
8 ym! Ay<sIt! -
9 rm! Vyr<sIt! iv
Aa=r<sIt! Aa
pyRr<sIt! pir
10 nm! An<sIt! -
169
:
1. lu'! 2 s!
2. Ainq! z! ( z! ) ;! s!
h!! # % \

3. s! ]

idz! (6) (Ainq! ) ,

. . . . . .
Aid]t! Aid]tam! Aid]n! Aid]t Aid]atam! Aid]Nt
Aid]> Aid]tm! Aid]t Aid]wa> Aid]awam! Aid]Xvm!
Aid]m! Aid]av Aid]am Aidi] Aid]avih Aid]amih
duh! (2) (Ainq! )

. . . . . .
Axu]t! ,Aid]t! Axu]tam! Axu]n! Axu]t, AxuGx Axu]atam! Axu]Nt
Axu]> , Aid]> Axu]tm! Axu]t Axu]wa>,AxuGxa> Axu]awam! Axu]Xvm!
Axu]m! Axu]av Axu]am Axui] Axu]avih, Axu]amih,
Aduih Aduih
170
:
ilh (2) (Ainq! ),

. . . . . .
Ail]t! , Ail]tam! Ail]n! A i l ] t , Ail]atam! Ail]Nt
Aid]t! AlIF
Ail]> , Ail]tm! Ail]t Ail]wa>, Ail]awam! Ail]Xvm! ,
Aid]> AlIFa> AlIF!vm!
Ail]m! Ail]av Ail]am Aili] Ail]avih, Ail]amih,
AlIih Ailih
guh! (1) (Ainq! ) , ,

. . . . . .
Axu]t! Axu]tam! Axu]n! Axu]t, Axu]atam! Axu]Nt
AgUF
Axu]> Axu]tm! Axu]t Axu ] wa>, Axu]awam! Axu]Xvm! ,
AgUFa> AgU]Xvm!
Axu]m! Axu]av Axu]am Axui] Axu ] avih, Axu]amih,
Axuih Axuih
:
guh! (veq! ) 7
Sp&z! m&z! k;! 5 7
171
:
lu'! 7

1 kuz! Aku]t! -
2 ivz! Aiv]t! -
3 i;! Ai]t! -
4 ;! A]t! -
5 h! A]t! -

6 i;! Ai]t! Ai]t
7 duh! Axu]t! , Aid]t! Axu]t, AxuGx
8 ilh! Ail]t! , Aid]t! Ail]t, AlIF
9 guh! Axu]t! , Aid]t! Axu]t, AgUF
172
:
4
(Voice)

( )
5
1. (Active Voice)
2. (Passive Voice)
3. (Impersonal Voice)
4. (Causative Active Voice)
5. (Causative Passive Voice)
()
Conjugation of Verbs (Active Voice)

2
1.
1
2.
173
:
3

+ + =
2 3)
()
Conjugation of Verbs (Passive Voice)

3
1.

2. ( 3)

3.
3 (
) (y) ()
+ y + () =
1.
Aa @ Aae @e $
swa swI + y + te = swIyte
da dI + y + te = dIyte
174
:
xe xI + y + te = xIyte
sae sI + y + te = sIyte
gE gI + y + te = gIyte
# % $ ^
ij jI + y + te = jIyte
Stu StU + y + te = StUyte
\ ir k = i
\ Ar!
Sm& = Smr!
$r! k = kIr!
p v
Ar!
p = pUr! v = vUr!
2.
y
vd! %d! + y + te = %*te
vs! %s! + y + te = %Syte
yj! #j! + y + te = #Jyte
h! g&h! + y + te = g&te
CD! p&CD! + y + te = p&CD!yte
3.
4.
y
pUj! pUj! + y + te = pUJyte
cur! caer! + y + te = caeyRte
]l! ]al! + y + te = ]aLyte
175
:
()
Conjugation of Verbs (Impersonal Voice)
( 3)

2
1. ( 3)
2.
3 (
) (y) ( 1
)
(.) + y + (. . .) =

1. ()
()
2.
176
:
()
Conjugation of Verbs (Causative Active Voice)

3
1.
( 1)
2. ( 2)
3.
3 (
10 ) (Ay) (
1 )
+ Ay + =
1. ()
A Aa
pQ! paQ!
2. ()
Aa
idv! dev! bux! baex!
3.
4. 10
177
:
gm! xq! jn! y! Vyx!

Aa p! y! l! Ay
da dapyit pa payyit pa palyit
Aa p! Ay
ij japyit I apyit de dapyit
gE gapyit Dae Dapyit
-U (1) , -avyit - te ()

oad! (1) oadyit - te ()

hu (3) havyit - te ()

idv! (4) devyit - te ()

su (5) , savyit - te ()

tud! (6) , taedyit - te ()
178
:
()
Conjugation of Verbs (Causative Passive Voice)

4
1. ( 3)
2.
( 1)
3. ( 2)
4.
3 (. 10 )
(Ay) (y)
( 1 )
(.) + Ay + y + =

pQ! (1) , paQ!yte ()

nI (1) naYyte ()
bux! (1) baeXyte ()
179
:
5
-

A! 10 . ak Ayit, Ayte ,
Ac! 1 . ac Acit
Aj! 7 . aj Ani ,
Aq! 1 . a Aqit ,
At! 1 . at Atit , ,
Ad! 2 . ad Aai
An! 2 . an Ainit
Ay! 1 . ay Ayte
AcR! 1 . arc AcRit
AjR! 1 . arj AjRit ,
AwR! 10 . arth AwRyte
AhR! 1 . arh AhRit ,
AhR! 34 10 . arh AhRyit, AhRyte , ,
AvxIr! 10 . avadhr AvxIryit, AvxIryte ,
Av! 1 . av Avit ,
Az! 5 . a AZnute ,
Az! 9 . a
Aait
dz! AhR! 1 dzit, AhRit

34
180
:

As! 4 . as ASyit ,
As! 2 . as AiSt ,
Aak[R! 10 . kar Aak[Ryit, Aak[Ryte
Aap! 5 . p Aaaeit
Aas! 2 . s AaSte
# 2 . i @it
A! 10 . ak Ayit, Ayte ,
Ac! 1 . ac Acit
Aj! 7 . aj Ani
Aq! 1 . a Aqit ,
At! 1 . at Atit , ,
Ad! 2 . ad Aai
An! 2 . an Ainit
Ay! 1 . ay Ayte
AcR! 1 . arc AcRit
AjR! 1 . arj AjRit ,
AwR! 10 . arth AwRyte
AhR! 1 . arh AhRit ,
181
:

AhR! 3510 . arh AhRyit, AhRyte , ,
AvxIr! 10 . avadhr AvxIryit, AvxIryte ,
Avit
Av! 1 . av ,
AZnute
Az! 5 . a ,
Aait
Az! 9 . a
ASyit
As! 4 . as ,
AiSt
As! 2 . as ,
Aak[R! 10 . kar Aak[Ryit, Aak[Ryte

Aaaeit
Aap! 5 . p
AaSte
Aas! 2 . s
@it
# 2 . i
AxIte
# 36 2 . i ,
#Nx! 7 . indh #Nxe ,
#; (#CD!) 6 . - i-icch #CDit

$]te
$]! 1 . k ,
$e
$f! 2 . ,
$r! 37 10 . r $ryit, $rytee
$:yRit
$:yR! 1 . ry
dz! AhR! 1 dzit, AhRit
35
36
Aix
$r! , Nw! "u;! 1 $rit, Nwit "ae;it
37
182
:

$e
$z! 2 . ,
h $hte
$h( 1 . ,
ujjh %JHit
%JH! 6 .
^[Ru 2 . ru ^[aERit, ^[aeRit, ^[Rute , ,
\[! 8 . \[aeit, \[ute
\ (\CD! ) 1 . - -cch \CDit ,
h ^hte
^h( 1 .
ej @jit
@j! 1 . ,
edh @xit
@x! 1 . ,
kw! 10 . kath kwyit, kwytee , ,
kNd! 38 10 . kand kNdyit, kNdyte
kamyte
km! 39 (kamy!) - kam-k- ,
may
1 .
k[R! 10 . kar k[Ryit, k[Ryte ,
k 8 . k kraeit, kute
k&Ntit
k&t! (k&Nt!) 6 . - kt-knt
kp! 10 . kp kpyit, kpyte , ,
kLpte
kp! (kLp!) 1 . - kp-kalp
k;! 6 . k k;it, k;te
38
Aa
Ay! kamyte
39
183
:

k&;! (k;R! ) 1 . - k-kar k;Rit
kl! 1 . kal klyit, klyte ,
ka']! 1 . kk ka']it ,
k kazte
kaz! 1 .
kuts kuTsyte
kuTs! 10 . ,
kudh kuXyit
kux! 4 .
kup kuPyit
kup! 4 .
kj kUjit
kUj! 1 . ,
Nd! 1 . krand Ndit
m! 40 1 , 4 . kram amit , ,
I 9 . kr I[ait, I[Ite
kr Ifit
If! 1 .
uz! (aez! ) 1 . - kru-kro aezit ,
Klm! (Klam! ) 1 . - k a l - Klamit ,
am-klm
Klm! (Klam! ) 4 . - k l a m - KlaMyit ,
klm
klid i*it
id! 4 . ,
kli iZyte
iz! 4 . ,
kli iait
iz! 9 . ,
41
m! , m! , s! l;! 1 4
km! , m! kamit, kaMyit,
Aakmte, amit, aMyit, Myte
184
:

kva Kv[it
Kv[! 1 .
][! 8 . ka ][aeit, ][ute ,
]p! 10 . kap ]pyit, ]pyte , ,
]m! 1 . kam ]mte , ,
]aMyit
]m! 41 (]am!) 4 . - k a m -
km
kar ]rit
]r! 1 . ,
]l! 10 . kal ]lyit, ]lyte ,
ki i][aeit
i] 5 .
i][! 8 . ki i][aeit, i][ute ,
i]p! 6 . kip i]pit, i]pte , ,
]I 42 9 . k ]I[ait, i][ait ,
kubh ]u_yit
]u-! 43 4 .
kubh ]uait
]u-! 44 9 . ,
ku [aEit
[u 2 . ,
k-kir ikrit
k 45 (ikr!) 6 . - , ,
kt! (kItR)! 10 . - kt-krt kItRyit, kItRytee ,
41
1 Ivit
42
4 ]Iyte
43
1, 9 ]ae-te, ]uait
44
1, 4 ]ae-te, ]u_yit
45
#r!
185
:

o{f! 10 . kha o{fyit, o{fyte
on! 1 . khan onit, onte
khd oadit
oad! 1 .
khid ioNte
iod! 7 . ,
khy Oyait
Oya 2 . ,
khel oelit
oel! 1 . , , ,
g[! 10 . ga g[yit, g[yte ,
gad gdit
gd! 1 . , ,
gCDit
gm! (gCD! )1 . - g a m -
gacch
garj gjRit
gjR! 1 . ,
gjR! 10 . garj gjRyit, gjRyte , ,
garh ghRte
ghR! 1 . ,
ghR! 46 10 . garh ghRyit, ghRyte ,
gve;! 10 . gave gve;yit, gve;yte ,
guj guit
guj! 1 . (),
gu{Q! 10 . guh gu{Qyit, gu{Qyte
gup! 10 . gup gupyit, gupyte
gup! 47 (gaepay!) - gup-go- Gaaepayit
py
1 .
46
1 ghRte
Aay ()
47
gaepayit
186
:

guM)! 6 . gumph guM)it ,
guh! 48 (gUh! ) 1 . - guh-gh gUhit , ,
Nw! 10 , granth Nwyit, Nwyte ,
Wnait
Nw! (w!)) 9 , - granth- ,
grath
gras ste
s! 1 . ,
s! 10 . gras syit, syte ,
h! 9 . grah g&ait, g&Ite
grh ahte
ah! 1 . , ,
GlE (Glay! ) 1 . - glai-gly Glayit ,
g g&[ait
g 9 . ,
g-gir igrit
g (igr! ) 6 . - ,
gE (gay! ) 1 . - gai-gy gayit ,
ga "qte
"q! 1 . ,
"&[! 8 . gh "&[aeit, "&[ute
"u;! 10 .* ghu "ae;yit, "ae;yte
a (ij! ) 1 . - ghr-jighr ijit ,
caks ckaiSt
ckas! 2 . ,
cak ce
c]! 2 .
48
%
gUhit
187
:

cam cmit
cm! 49 1 . , ,
car crit
cr! 1 . ,
carc ccRit
ccR! 6 . ,
cal clit
cl! 1 . , ,
ic 5 . ci icnaeit, icnute
ict! (cet! ) 10 . - cit-cet cetyte , ,
ic! 10 . citr icyit, icyte ,
icNt! 10 . cint icNtyit, icNtyte
ic! 10 . cihn icyit, icyte ,
cud! 10 . cud caedyit, caedyte , ,
cuMb! 1 . cumb cuMbit ,
cur! (caer! ) 10 . - cur-cor caeryit, caeryte ,
cU[R! 10 . cr cU[Ryit, cU[Ryte ,
Ccut! (Ccaet! ) 1 . - ccut-ccot Ccaetit
ce cete
ce! 1 . ,
Dd! 10 . chad Dadyit, Dadyte , ,
DdR! 10 . chard DdRyit, DdRyte
iDd! 7 . chid iDni, iDNte
jn! (ja ) 4 . - jan-j jayte
Aa Aacamit
49
188
:

jap jpit
jp! 1 . ,
j&M-! 1 . jmbh j&M-te ,
jalp jLpit
jLp! 1 . , ,
jg jagitR
jag& 2 .
ij (jy! ) 1 . - ji-jay jyit
jv jIvit
jIv! 1 .
ju ju;te
ju;! 6 . , ,
}p! 10 . jap }apyit, }apyte ,
}a 50 (}ap!) 10 . - j-jp Aa}apyit, Aa}apyte ,
jval Jvlit
Jvl! 1 . ,
j (jIr! ) 4 . - j-jr jIyRit , ,
fI (fy! ) 1 . - -ay fyte ,
tak t]it
t]! 51 1 . , ,
tf! 10 . ta tafyit, tafyte
tn! 8 . tan tnaeit, tnute
tap tpit
tp! 1 .
tp! 52 10 . tap tapyit, tapyte
tyaj Tyjit
Tyj! 1 . , ,
50
Aa
to pare 1 5 t]it, t[aeit
51
52
1 tpit
189
:

tkR! 10 . tark tkRyit, tkRyte , ,
tarj tjRyte
tjR! 10 . ,
t&[! 8 . t t&[aeit, t&[ute ,
tp t&Pyit
t&p! 4 .
t&p! 10 . tp tpRyit, tpRyte ,
th t&[eiF
t&h! 7 .
tud! 6 . tud tudit, tudte , ,
tul! 10 . tul taelyit, taelyte
tu tu:yit
tu;! 4 . ,
trap pte
p! 1 . ,
tras sit
s! 1 . , ,
tru uqit
uq! 53 6 . ,
tvar Tvrte
Tvr! 1 . ,
t (tr! )1 . - t-tar trit ,
ayte
E (ay! ) 1 . - trai-try ,
d{f! 10 . da d{fyit, d{fyte ,
dira 2 . daridr dirait ,
d [ait
9 . ,
uq! 4
53
190
:

54 (iy! ) 6 . - d-driy Aaiyte ,
dp Pyit
p! 4 . , ,
z! (pZy! ) 1 . - d-pay pZyit ,
dal dlit
dl! 1 . , ,
da dzit
dz! 1 . , ,
dz! (dz! ) 10 . - da-da dzyte , ,
dah dhit
dh! 1 . ,
da 3 . d ddait, dee
dn dait
dan! 2 .
da (yCD! ) 1 . - d-yacch yCDit
idv! (dIv! ) 4 . - div-dv dIVyit
idz! 6 . di idzit, idzte ,
idh! 2 . dih deiGx, duGxe ,
dp dIPyte
dIp! 4 . ,
du dunaeit
du 5 .
du du:yit
du;! 4 . ,
duh! 2 . duh daeiGx, duGxe
d dUyte
dU 4 . ,
54
Aa
191
:

*aette
*ut! (*aet! ) 1 . - dyut-dyot ,
day dyte
dy! 1 . ,
dr ait
a 2 . , ,
u (v! ) 1 . - dru-drav vit , ,
druh uit
uh! 4 .
i;! 2 . dvi ei, ie ,
x& 10 . dh xaryit, xaryte
x& (xr! ) 1 . - dh-dhar xrit, xrte ,
dh x&:[aeit
x&;! 5 . ,
xa 3 . dh dxait, xe ,
dhv xavit
xav! 1 .
xu 5 . dhu xunaeit, xunute ,
xU 5 . dh xUnaeit, xUnute ,
xU 55 9 . dh xunait, xunIte , ,
xU (xuv! ) 6 . - dh-dhuv xuvit , ,
xU (xUn! ) 10 . - dh-dhn xUnyit, xUnyte , ,
Xma (xm! ) 1 . - dhm-dham xmit ,
dhvan Xvnit
Xvn! 1 . ,
55
xUnaeit, xunaeit ( 5), xunait ( 9), xuvit ( 6),
ivxUnyit ( 10) xvit ( 1)
192
:

Xvn! 10 . dhvan Xvnyit, Xvnyte , ,
xe (xy! ) 1 . - dhe-dhay xyit ,
Xyayit
XyE (Xyay! ) 1 . - dhyai-
dhyy
na nqit
nq! 1 . ,
nad ndit
nd! 1 . ,
nand nNdit
nNd! 1 .
nam nmit
nm! 1 . , ,
nm! (nam! ) 4 . - nam-nm naMyit , ,
nard ndRit
ndR! 1 . ,
nt n&Tyit
n&t! 4 . , ,
na nZyit
nz! 4 . ,
nh! 4 . nah nit, nte ,
inj! 3 . nij nenei, neine ,
nind inNdit
inNd! 1 . ,
nI (ny! ) 1 . - n-nay nyit, nyte
nu naEit
nu 2 . ,
nud! 6 . nud nudit, nudte
pc! 1 . pac pcit, pcte ,
193
:

pah pQit
pQ! 1 . ,
pat ptit
pt! 1 . ,
pad pdyte
pd! 10 . ,
p pait
pa 2 .
pa (ipb! ) 1 . - p-pib ipbit
pr paryit paryte
par! 10 . , ,
pl palyit palyte
pal! 10 . ,
pi ipni
ip;! 7 . , ,
p pIfyit pIfyte
pIf! 10 .
pu pu:yit
pu;! 4 .
pu pu:[ait
pu;! 9 . ,
pup pu:Pyit
pu:p! 4 .
p punait punIte
pU 9 . ,
pj pUjyit pUjyte
pUj! 10 .
pr pUyRte
pUr! 4 . ,
pr pUryit pUryte
pUr! 56 10 . , ,
p&CDit
CD! (p&CD! ) 6 . - pracch-
pcch
prath wte
w! 1 . , ,
4 pUyRte
56
194
:

w! 10 . prath wyit wyte , ,
pr ait
a 2 . ,
pr Iyte
I 4 . , ,
pr I[ait I[Ite
I 9 . , ,
I[yit I[yte
I (I[! ) 10 . - pr-pr , ,
plu Plu:yit
Plu;! 4 .
ps Psait
Psa 2 .
p paryit paryte
p 5710 , * , ,
p ippitR
p 3 . , ,
p p&pait
p 58 9 . , ,
phal )lit
)l! 1 .
phull )uit
)uLl! 1 . ,
bNx! (bx! ) 9 . - bandh- bait
badh
bdh baxte
bax! 1 . ,
bukk buit
buKk! 1 . ,
budh bu/Xyte
bux! 4 . ,
bux! (baex! ) 1 . - b u d h - baexit ,
bodh
bu/x (baex! ) 1 . - b u d h - baexit, baextee
bodh
p, -U;! , mh! , man! , magR! , mU!
m&j! 1
57
prit, -U;it, mhit, manit, magRit, mUit m&jit

58
3 ippitR
195
:

U 2 . br vIit, Aah, Ute
-]! 10 . bhak -]yit, -]yte
-j! 1 . bhaj -jit, -jte
-j! (-j! ) 7 . - bhaj- -ni ,
bhaj
bha -[it
-[! 1 . ,
bhatrs -TsRyte
-TsR! 10 .
-& 3 . bh ib-itR, ib-&te ,
-& (-r! ) 1 . - bh-bhar -rit, -rte ,
bh -ait
-a 2 . ,
bh -a;te
-a;! 1 . ,
bhs -aste
-as! 1 .
bhik i-]te
i-]! 1 .
i-d! 7 . bhid i-ni, i-Nte ,
bh ib-eit
-I 3 .
-uj! 7 . bhuj -uni, -ue
bh -avyte
- U 59 10 .
-U 10 . bh -avyit, -avyte ,
-U (-v! ) 1 . - bh-bhav -vit ,
1 -vte
59
196
:

bh -U;yit, -U;yte
-U;! 10 , * ,
bhram mit
m! 1 . , ,
m! (am! ) 60 4 . - bhram-bhrm aMyit
bhrj ajte
aj! 1 . ,
m{f! 10 . ma m{fyit, m{fyte ,
md! (mad! ) 4 . - mad-md ma*it
man mNyte
mn! 4 .
man mnute
mn! 8 . ,
mantr mNyte
mN! 10 .
mN! 10 . mantr mNyit, mNyte
mNw! (mw! ) 9 . - manth-math mWnait
mg m&gyte
m&g! 61 10 . ,
m&j! 10 . * mj majRyit, majRyte ,
mj maiR
m&j! 2 . ,
m& (iy! ) 62 6 . - m-mriy iyte
m m&zit
m&z! 6 . ,
60
1
61
1,4 m&gte, m&Gyte
62
m& ilq! , luq! , lu'
197
:

m&;! 4 . m m&:yit, m&:yte ,
m&;! 10 . m m;Ryit, m;Ryte
mlE (mlay! ) 1 . - m a - mlayit ,
lai-maly
mSj! (mJj! ) 6 . - masj-majj mJjit , ,
mh! 10 . * mah mhyit, mhyte
m mait
ma 2 . , ,
m immIte
ma 3 . , ,
man! 10 . * mn manyit, manyte
magR! 10 . * mrg magRyit, magRyte
maajR! 10 . mrj majRyit, majRyte
im 5 . mi imnaeit, imnute ,
iml! 6 . mil imlit, imlte , ,
im! 10 . mir imyit, imyte ,
ml mIlit
mIl! 1 . ,
muc! 6 . muc mucit, mucte ,
muc! 10 . muc maecyit, maecyte ,
mud! 10 . mud maedyit, maedyte
mud! (maed! ) 1 . - mud-mod maedte
mu mu:[ait
mu;! 9 . ,
muh muit
muh! 4 .
198
:

mUCDR! 1 . mcrch mUCDRit
mU! 10 . * mtr mUyit, mUyte ,
mnit
a (mn! ) 1 . - mn-man ,
yj! 1 . yaj yjit, yjte ,
yat ytte
yt! 1 . , ,
yCDit
ym! 63 (yCD! )1 . - y a m - , ,
yacch
yas ySyit
ys! 4 .
y yait
ya 2 .
yac! 1 . yc yacit, yacte
yu yaEit
yu 2 . , ,
yuj yuJyte
yuj! 4 . ,
yuj! 64 10 , * yuj yujyit, yujyte
yuj! 7 . yuj yuni, yue , ,
yudh yu/Xyte
yu/x! 4 . ,
rak r]it
r]! 1 .
rj! 10 . raj rjyit, rjyte ,
rj! (rj! ) 4 . - raj-raj rJyit, rJyte
63
in inyCDit, inymyit, inymnm!
yuj,! rh! , vc! v&j! 1 yaejit, rhit, vcit
64
v&jit
199
:

ra rqit
rq! 1 . ,
rabh Aar-te
r-! 65 1 .
ram rmte
rm! 1 .
rh! 10 . * rah rhyit, rhyte ,
r rait
ra 2 .
raj! 1 . rj rajit, rajte
2 . ru raEit, rvIit ,
c( (raec! ) 1 . - ruc-roc raecte ,
ruj jit
j! 6 .
rud raeidit
d! 2 .
x! 7 . rudh [i, Nxe ,
;! 10 . ru ;yit, ;yte
h (raeh! ) 1 . - ruh-roh raehit
p! 10 . rp pyit, pyte ,
l]! 66 10 . lak l]yit, l]yte , ,
lagh l"te
l<"! 1 .
l"! 10 . lagh l"yit, l"yte
lap lpit
lp! 1 . ,
labh l-te
l-! 1 .
65
Aa
1 l]te
66
200
:

9 . l lunait, lunIte
lal lalyte
ll! 10 . ,
la l;it
l;! 1 .
las lsit
ls! 1 .
l lait
la 2 . ,
likh iloit
ilo! 6 .
ilp! (ilMp! ) 6 . - lip-limp ilMpit, ilMpte ,
ilh! 2 . lih leiF, lIFe ,
l lIyte
lI 4 . ,
l ilnait
lI 67 9 . ,
luQ! (luPQ! ) 1 . - luh-luph luPQit
lup! (luMp! ) 6 . - lup-lump luMpit, luMpte ,
lubh lu_yit
lu-! 4 .
lok laekte
laek! 1 . ,
laek! 10 . lok laekyit, laekyte ,
laec! 10 . loc laecyit, laecyte ,
vc! 10 . * vac vacyit, vacyte
vac vi
vc! 2 . ,
1 lIyte
67
201
:

vad vdit
vd! 1 . ,
vd! 68 10 , * vad vdyit, vdyte , ,
van vnute
vn! 8 .
vand vNdte
vNd! 1 .
vp! 1 . vap vpit, vpte ,
vam vmit
vm! 1 .
vr! 10 . var vryit, vryte , ,
v[R! 10 . var v[Ryit, v[Ryte ,
vxR! 10 . vardh vxRyit, vxRyte , ,
v& 10 , * v varyit, varyte
v& 5 . v v&[aeit, v&[ute
v v&[Ite
v& 69 9 .
v&j! 10 . * vj vjRyit, vjRyte ,
vtRte
v&t! (vt!R ) 1 . - vt-vart
vxRte
v&x! (vxR! ) 1 . - v d h - ,
vardh
v&;! (v;R! )
1 . - v-var v;Rit ()
val vlte
vl! 1 . ,
vs! 1 . vas vsit, vste ,
vs! 10 . vas vsyit, vsyte , ,
vd! , v&
Vyy! 1 vd!it, vdte, vrit, vrte
68
Vyyit, Vyyte
69
5, 10 v&[aeit, v&[ute varyit, varyte
202
:

vas vSte
vs! 2 . , ,
vh! 1 . vah vhit, vhte ,
v vait
va 2 . , ,
vaD! 1 . vch vaDit ,
vij ivjte
ivj! 6 . , ,
vid iv*te
ivd! 4 . ,
vid ivdyte
ivd! 10 . ,
ivd! 2 . vid vei, ved ,
ivd! 7 . vid iv, iv ,
ivd! (ivNd! ) 6 . - vid-vind ivNdit, ivNdte ,
vi ivzit
ivz! 6 .
vIj! 10 . vj vIjyit, vIjyte , ,
Vyw! 1 . vyath Vywte ,
Vyx! (ivx! ) 4 . - v y - ivXyit ,
adh-vidh
Vyy! 10 . * vyay Vyyyit, Vyyyte ,
vraj jit
j! 1 .
[! 10 . vra [yit, [yte
v 9 . v v&[ait, v&[Ite
vep vepte
vep! 1 . ,
ve (vy! ) 1 . - ve-vay vyit, vyte , ()
203
:

ve vete
ve! 1 .
ak zaeit
zk! 5 . ,
ak zte
z! 1 .
abd zBdyit zBdyte
zBd! 10 . ,
zaMyit
zm! (zam! ) 4 . - am-m ,
as z<sit
z<s! 1 .
s zaiSt
zas! 2 . ,
s AazaSte
zas! 70 2 . ,
ik iz]te
iz]! 1 . ,
i izni
iz;! 7 . ,
zete
zI 2 .
zIl! 10 . l zIlyit, zIlyte ,
zuc! (zaec! ) 1 . - uc-oc zaecit ,
udh zuXyit
zux! 4 . ,
Zae-te
zu-! (zae-! ) 1 . - u b h - ,
obh
u zu:yit
zu;! 4 .
[! 71 10 . ra iva[yit, iva[yte ,
m! (am! ) 4 . - r a m - aMyit ,
rm
r ait
a 2 . ,
70
Aix Aa
71
iv
204
:

u (& ) 72 1 . - ru- &[aeit ,
a"! 1 . lgh a"te ,
li i:yit
i;! 4 .
i;! 10 . li e;yit, e;yte , ,
vas isit
s! 2 . ,
IVyit
iv! (Iv! )73 4 . - h i v -
hv
sd! (sId! ) 6 . - sad-sd sIdit ,
sn! 8 . san snaeit, snute
s-aj! 10 . sabhj s-ajyit, s-ajyte
sj s&jit
s&j! 6 .
s& (xav! ) 1 . - s-dhv xavit
s&p (spR! ) 1 . - sp-sarp spRit ,
s-sar srit
s& (sr! ) 74 1 . - ,
sah shte
sh! 1 . ,
sh! 10 . sah sahyit, sahyte ,
saNTv! 10 . sntv saNTvyit, saNTvyte ,
72
u 1 8
73
1 Ivit
74
s& xav! xavit srit
,
205
:

is 5 . si isnaeit, isnute
isc! (isc! ) 6 . - sic-sic iscit, iscte
sid is*te
isd! 4 . ,
sidh isXyit
isx! 4 .
isv! (sIv! ) 4 . - siv-sv sIVyit
su 5 . su sunaeit, sunute ,
suo! 10 . sukh suoyit, suoyte
s sUyte
sU 4 .
s sUte
sU 2 .
sd sUdte
sUd! 1 . ,
sUd! 10 . sd sUdyit, sUdyte ,
Sol! 1 . skhal Solit
StM-! 75 9 . stambh Stait , ,
St& 5 . st St&[aeit, St&[ute ,
Stu 2 . stu StaEit, StvIit, ,
Stut,e StuvIte
St 9 . st St&[ait, St&[Ite ,
Swa (it! ) 1 . - sth-tih itit ,
sn ait
a 2 . ,
1, 5 StM-te, Staeit
75
206
:

snih iit
ih! 4 .
SpNd! 1 . spand SpNdte , ,
SpxR! 1 . spardh SpxRte ,
sp Sp&zit
Sp&z! 6 . ,
Sp&h! 10 . sph Sp&hyit, Sp&hyte , ,
spa Spazyte
Spz! 10 . ,
S)uq! 6 . sphu S)uqit
S)uq! 10 . sphu S)uqyit, S)uqyte ,
S)ur! 6 . sphur S)urit
Smrit
Sm& (Smr! ) 1 . - sm-smar ,
SyNd! 1 . syand SyNdte , ,
s! 1 . sras ste , , ,
u& (v! ) 1 . - sru-srav vit ,
svaj Svjte
Svj! 1 . ,
svad Svdte
Svd! 1 . ,
svap Svipit
Svp! 2 . ,
Svad! 10 . svd Svadyit, Svadyte
svid iSv*it
iSvd! 4 . ()
sedh sexit
sex! 1 .
han hiNt
hn! 2 .
ha h:yit
h;! 4 .
207
:

has hsit
hs! 1 .
h jhait
ha 3 . ,
h ijhIte
ha 3 .
hi ihnaeit
ih 5 .
ihs( 10 . his ihsyit, ihsyte ,
his ihniSt
ihs! 7 . ,
hu juhaeit
hu 3 . ,
hr ijeit
I 3 . ,
hnu ute
u 2 .
(hr!! ) 1 . har hrit, hrte
p! 10 . hlap apyit, apyte ,
hld adte
ad( 1 . ,
e (y! ) 1 . - hve yit, yte
208
:

, . . : -
, 2548.
, .
1-2. : , 2549.
( ), -- .
, 2507.
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2004.
Kale, Moreshwar R. A Higher Sanskrit Grammar. 1884; repr. Delhi:

Motilal Banarsidass, 1977.
K. L.V. Sastri. Dhaturupa Manjari: An Easy Text on Sanskrit Verbs.

Kalpathi : R.S. Vadhyar & Sons, 1995.
Monier-Williams, Monier. A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. new ed.

1899; repr. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1979.
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Roderick S. Buckneli. Sanskrit Manual. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass

Publishers, 2006.
Vasudeo Govind Apte. The Concise Sanskrit-English Dictionary.

Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2011.
fa~0 -gvanzr[ -araj. xatu p kaEmudI. brelI : s<Sk s<Swan, 1875.
fa~0 gjeNsad jena. pciNka. purI : sa<ivdI kaznm! , 2007.
210
:

-U 1 . 27 tud! 6 . 34
27 34
27 34
28 35
l-! 1 . 28 idv! 4 . 36
28 36
29 36
29 36
1 . 29 dIp! 4 . 37
30 37
30 37
30 37
j! 6 . 32 m&;! 4 . 38
32 38
32 38
32 39
ivj! 6 . 33 tjR! 10 . 40
33 40
33 40
33 40
211
:

cur! 10 . 41 Aj! 7 . 53
41 53
41 53
42 53
su 5 . 45 t&h! 7 . 54
45 54
45 54
46 54
tn! 8 . 47 ip;! 7 . 55
47 55
47 55
48 55
k 8 . 48 -j! 7 . 56
48 56
49 56
49 56
I 9 . 50 ihs! 7 . 57
51 57
51 57
51 57
212
:

#Nx! 7 . 58 hu 3 . 64
58 65
58 65
58 65
ivd! 7 . 59 I 3 . 65
59 66
59 66
59 66
x! 7 . 60 p 3 . 66
60 67
60 67
61 67
i-d! 7 . 61 -I 3 . 67
61 68
62 68
62 68
yuj! 7 . 62 ha 3 . 69
63 69
63 69
63 69
213
:

ma 3 . 70 inj! 3 . 76
70 76
70 76
70 77
ha 3 . 71 Ad! 2 . 78
71 79
71 79
71 79
da 3 . 72 An! 2 . 80
72 80
72 80
73 80
xa 3 . 73 As! 2 . 81
73 81
74 81
74 81
-& 3 . 74 # 2 . 82
75 82
75 82
75 82
214
:

ckas! 2 . 83 ya 2 . 88
83 88
83 88
83 89
jag& 2 . 84 d! 2 . 89
84 89
84 90
84 90
dira 2 . 85 vc! 2 . 90
85 90
85 91
85 91
nu 2 . 86 ivd! 2 . 91
86 92
86 92
86 92
m&j! 2 . 87 zas! 2 . 93
87 93
87 93
88 93
215
:

hn! 2 . 94 c]! 2 . 99
94 99
94 99
94 99
Aas! 2 . 95 zI 2 . 100
95 100
95 100
95 100
# 2 . 96 sU 2 . 101
96 101
96 101
96 101
$f! 2 . 97 u 2 . 102
97 102
97 102
97 102
$z! 2 . 98 ^[Ru 2 . 103
98 103
98 103
98 104
216
:

idh! 2 . 104 Stu 2 . (.) 111
104 (.) 111
105 (.) 112
105 (.) 112
duh! 2 . 105 Stu 2 . (.) 112
106 (.) 113
106 (.) 113
106 (.) 113
i;! 2 . 107 -U 1 . (seq)! 122
107 ij 1 . (Ainq! ) 123
107 -a;! 1 . (seq)! 123
108 l-! 1 .(Ainq! ) 123
U 2 . 108 -U 1 . (seq)! 124
109 l-! 1 . (Ainq!) 125
109 -U 1 . (seq)! 126
109 l-! 1 . (Ainq!) 126
ilh! 2 . 110 -U 1 . (seq)! 131
110 @x! 1 . (seq)! 131
110 l-! 1 . (Ainq!) 132
111 -U 1 . (seq)! 133
217
:

Aq! 1 . (seq)! 133 k;! 6 . (Ainq!) 139
AcR! 1 . (seq)! 133 ic 5 . (Ainq!) 139
Nd! 1 . (seq)! 134 -j! 1 . (Ainq!) 140
cr! 1 . (seq)! 134 raj! 1 . (seq)! 140
m! 1 . (seq)! 134 h! 9 . (seq)! 140
gm! 1 . (Ainq!) 135 e 1 . (Ainq!) 141
Ad! 2 . (Ainq!) 135 U 2 . (seq)! 141
#;! 6 . (seq)! 135 yj! 1 . (Ainq!) 141
kup! 4 . (seq)! 135 -uj! 7 . (Ainq!) 142
k;! (1) (Ainq! ) 136 k 8 . (Ainq!) 142
z! (1) (Ainq! ) 136 nI 1 . (Ainq!) 142
ij 1 . (Ainq!) 136 Stu 2 . (Ainq!) 143
pa 1 . (Ainq!) 136 kw! 10 . (seq)! 144
u 1 . (Ainq!) 137 da 3 . ( 1) 151
Sm& 1 . (Ainq!) 137 pa 1 . ( 1) 151
vs! 1 . (Ainq!) 137 -U 1 . ( 1) 151
kaz! 1 . (seq)! 138 gm! 1 . ( 2) 152
l-! 1 . (Ainq!) 138 ilp! 6 . ( 2) 153
c]! 2 . (Ainq!) 138 cur! 10 . ( 3) 157
i]p! 6 . (Ainq!) 139 1 . ( 3) 157
218
:

vs! 1 . (Ainq!) ( 4) 159 vh! 1 . (Ainq!) ( 4) 163
ij 1 . (Ainq!) ( 4) 159 vd! 1 . (seq)! ( 5) 164
bNx! 9 . (Ainq!) ( 4) 160 -a;! 1 . (seq)! ( 5) 167
dh! 1 . (Ainq!) ( 4) 160 ^[Ru 2 . (seq)! ( 5) 168
dz! 1 . (Ainq!) ( 4) 160 tn! 8 . (seq)! ( 5) 168
pd! 10 . (Ainq!) ( 4) 160 ya 2 . (Ainq!) ( 6) 169
bux! 4 . (Ainq!) ( 4) 161 idz! 6 . (Ainq!) ( 7) 170
m! 1 . (Ainq!) ( 4) 161 duh! 2 . (Ainq!) ( 7) 170
ic 5 . (Ainq!) ( 4) 162 ilh! 2 . (Ainq!) ( 7) 171
k 8 . (Ainq!) ( 4) 162 guh! 1 . (Ainq!) ( 7) 171
yj! 1 . (Ainq!) ( 4) 162
pc! 1 . (Ainq!) ( 4) 163
219
:
5
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- -a i- -I u U e E -ae -aE &

4 idv! y it te dIVyit dIVyte

6 tud! A it te tudit tudte

8 tn! % it te tnaeit tnute

10 cur! Ay it te caeryit caeryte

2 l! An*tn-Ut Past Tense (Imperfect) A-vt!

3 lu! -Ut Past Tense (Aorist) A-Ut!

4 ilq! prae]-Ut Past Tense (Perfect) v-Uv

5 luq! An*tn-iv:yn! First Future -ivta

6 q! -iv:yn! Second Future -iv:yit

1) (Conjugational Tenses & Moods)

2) (Non Conjugational Tenses & Moods)

mala + AiSt = malaiSt ml + asti = mlsti

dev + #it = deveit deva + iti = deveti

sda + @v = sdEv sad + eva = sadaiva

2 k q c p ' A< | A> Aa> #> $> z, (zD)

3 k q c p ' A< A<z Az Aaz #z $z c, D

3) namxatu (Nominal Roots)

l'! (Imperfect (Past) Tense)

laeq! (Imperative Mood)

ivixil'! (Potential Mood)

l'! (Imperfect (Past) Tense)

laeq! (Imperative Mood)

ivixil'! (Potential Mood)

l'! (Imperfect (Past) Tense)

laeq! (Imperative Mood)

ivixil'! (Potential Mood)

l'! (Imperfect (Past) Tense)

laeq! (Imperative Mood)

ivixil'! (Potential Mood)

l'! (Imperfect (Past) Tense)

laeq! (Imperative Mood)

l'! (Imperfect (Past) Tense)

laeq! (Imperative Mood)

ivixil'! (Potential Mood)

l'! (Imperfect (Past) Tense)

laeq! (Imperative Mood)

ivixil'! (Potential Mood)

laeq! (Imperative Mood)

ivixil'! (Potential Mood)

l'! (Imperfect (Past) Tense)

laeq! (Imperative Mood)

ivixil'! (Potential Mood)

l'! (Imperfect (Past) Tense)

laeq! (Imperative Mood)

ivixil'! (Potential Mood)

l'! (Imperfect (Past) Tense)

laeq! (Imperative Mood).

sunvain sunvav sunvam sunvE sunvavhE sunvamhE

ivixil'! (Potential Mood)

l'! (Imperfect (Past) Tense)

laeq! (Imperative Mood).

tnvain tnvav tnvam tnvE tnvavhE tnvamhE

ivixil'! (Potential Mood)

l'! (Imperfect (Past) Tense)

laeq! (Imperative Mood).

ivixil'! (Potential Mood)

kuyRa> kuyRatm! kuyRat kuvRIwa> kuvRIyawam! kuvRIXvm!

kuyRam! kuyRav kuyRam kuvRIy kuvRIvih kuvRImih

I[aim I[Iv> I[Im> I[e I[Ivhe I[Imhe

l'! (Imperfect (Past) Tense)

laeq! (Imperative Mood).