EuEvoE'rownrA-)fr rs NoEt B'ttoy 2ooo

IITOPIIG
(ErO AEN EIMAI BENIZEAIKOE,
oo pvo Netprng>. nrov n
rxcrrooyioLououppevouo.n lov
xo rcovEmorpcurrlvoug 18npog 19
Noeppiourou 1916ornv A0nvcr.

#
E ivor vcrxcrpcrNrnprouxncrpcrerypo
rou ovrrevrzerNou trlcvous,rrou
Ber,rpouoe evcrvevrzerxxerprepo
il-*i'""h-\ 0.rrorvcrv eyNtrryrcuicr.
-t,a { To Noepprovo,onopporotou
qk- rxoopounou onynoernv Eoooe
uo trporn.rtovABnvv
(Krrrvorcrvrivog)
ror rng OeoocroviNng
(Bevrzeog), onoreocrv ro peyolurepo
ov8pt.rnoxuvnynrouou yvproc nor n
A0nvo -lre veKpoug,tpuoxro8evreg,
cfprorougNor noergneprouorv-
eixov og enioyo ro Avo8epo xcucrrou
Bcvrzou,croonpovov rouroxpovo
KoI IO KDKVeIO CrOpCrrOV
crororppvov,nou 0o ouv 6 Unveg
Uero TovKovorovrivo vo no.ipvcrrnv
crYouo(r.
.9
EiNooroxr xpovro.pero.,ro exeppro
o
E TouAvf0euo,
rouBevr(iou.
Ar0oyporpio
enolrig roD' 44,0o rcrpolrorroBouv orov iro
o
rno oxnvegporegxr crncrpcrcrxreg,

Kt'lvotovuvrcUq
fior Ue rn oul4reroxn xcrr ncrrrou
ouUpoxrKouucrpcryovro.
UeprNrS{popes, n
Ilorog eru,
Ioropicr ev

oupuoilhoq
n0p0v0vr0q enovoo1rcrvercrr;
BAIf EAH' fIANAf OIIOYAO'

J'fi.ttEtat
NOEMBPIANA ENIETPATOI. TEPMANOI.
.TONOTKPOM OI OMOIOTHTEE ((OYAETEPOTHTA,
0 Xoq, Evog 0 rovorovlvrrg
0ru0xeq, QooroU0q p0oq
ortrer1ooieg, npopoprr9, Tovloov
orotrorpov[eg otrtrd
oretr1g onoordoeov

Yne0uvoq
roonqBAFI-EAHInANAfOnOY O:

iwdqn nS !pouoq6roonq f' our ro raxoqouvEpyornf,ov AnIroupyrf,6

NAIOI FKOAEMH' TEPIOI OA:OYAAKHI KON'|ANTINO:AOYAO: TIANNH:MOYPEAO: TIANNHIKOPONAIO'
:I'IYPOI MAPKETO: AE:NOINANANMHMHTPIOY NIKO: KEXATIA:
EuhouoFq. anrperuNIKO: BAPAIAIVflA:H: TIOPFO:O. IVAYPOTOPMTO: EPH'IAYPONOYAOY ATTEAIKHTZANETONOYAOY
Mvtporowepy6reqOAIAONIVAAITKOYAH: nopoyoyh
BA:IAH' KAPAA'H: - ANOIIOAO: AIAMANTH: OOTOEKAOTIKH A.E.
HeKrpovrf,6
reOuvon
istorika@enet.gr
 uryptmouE
Cvqqqvorrcrq
f,oyoproopq...
6" 7 pivovrogon ro npoor,rnrxono0cpo
K roroprxv yvoror-urv.t'v Bo rorozollcvo
t, npoooupLe rov roxoproporr r-Acrxrorcr
npoyporo Bo Buprzeoto ontrreprv pr-oo
Neoenvoo riroErou onpcprvouogreppcnog
rcov<Ioroprxv>. Ioxupropg,o onoiog
epqovizt-rorncproorcpo pcoALorrxg. ov
Benoervo Koro.rrlooreixoveig pe ro Bpo xor
t-yKUUrcr orn pccrn rov ycyovrt.rv nou
enrypoqrovroroupouxo <Noepprovo rou
1916).
Evcreueroronrov, rerxcr,o o1ropropgrcov Guerre, ABnvo 1983,o. 42). KctcLoyog
A8nvriv cru ro oulrpcrxrNoro Ncrrro
uoyxpp xorcr rcovoncrv rou Bevrzeounou
ouvnocrvro Unvo Noeppro rou 1916.
<,[19166$16r' nou cvroooctoll]coo otnv
onouxictrt-rvycyovrovcxcivov nou eixov
exoon rous rnv exOpvronrou Kcovorovrivou
Kol rnv noeprxn oupnoporcrf,nrng trnogog
ouppo.xourng Avrovr.
ro rov roroprx epeuvnrn ooroo, crl,crxor
}r..s
$ Vto rov xoOconpcpLvouvenvoeivcu.
S" rerNo.xpnolpo vcryvopizcr rn
<Aeuropepero>crurnrng verepngroroprKnsLroS
neprnrrog.llnpeorepo xorcrvonrnBo yiver
eror n tunooyio rov Eorvopvcovexeivcov,rt-rv
oto8epv, rou, ev pper,eouzouvcrxpn oro
veoeAnvrxnporo io.
fto vcr ovo<pepBope orrs roroprKesoreg
oro0cpcgouvolllrKo:civcrr.nprov.n oroon rou
(ouuUoxrKou nopcryovtor,.o onoiog
onpoxoAunronopcproivcr orcreot-rrt-prxo
rnE
E}crogyro vo uroyopeDotug rxg rou
euroyeg.Or ireg exeivegMeyoeguvcrperg
rroD,pnpnv rou o.ou,eixov enroerro Beop
rng povopxiog, ouotpooizouvrtirpcrno o eopeos
rou Erppcuogev eivor rNroug pyovo,rnv
ex8pvron rou. H peBoogrng <nerBog>nou B'
oxoou8noouvoqrunvizt-rouvr-rppoug UC
ycyovtcr npotpnroorn yclTovrKnUoS
f rouyxoocricr, rovizovrog rn rcxpovrr<rnro
rng <rutolroriogrcovxovovrv> cdgpeoou
(epovnUorropou) rov trrrxpcbvxc,tpv...
To <Noepprovo.>rou 1916onUoeuouy
eurepov,ug ouvnpeg onopxgevgnotrxou
rxcropounou eonzerorn nporo.zconrng
xripog pog, pexpr oxev ug rxeg UoSFepeg.
Tprovro nevre ootpovieg<evrzerxcov> 0n
eivor o ouooyropgrrrrvNoelrprcrvovornv
A0nvo (ouprgrvo pc ro npropoprclsprKTnS
Enrrporrngnou BcrnpooreuBeiro exeppro rou
L9IB), 922 qucrNioergnou ouvoeovrov ouxvcr
pe KcrKoperoxeipron rov oun<pBevrov, 503
nepruroergenooiogcrnroug qrrooorrxoug
EurorpnrougN.n. (r. Y. Mourelos,
L' intervention de la Grece dans la Grande
nou
Supizer ro <Norop81rc[cr)) rov <eBvrNoqrpvc'rv>
oc vcorcpesrcrpOvueves enoxcs.
Mro rpirn, reog,extpovonrov Noepprovv
eivoreNeivnnou.rroirr-po oTrSpcpcsUoS.
nponerpe rroirepn eurxorprnro. trivor n
reetoupyio.ereivn mS 12nSAexeppiou 1916
oro lleiov rou Apecog,ornv onoio xr,rpoororeio
pruponoirng A0nvdrv Oexnrogxor exorolrizer
ro yvroor <ovoOepo>xorcrrou treuBepiou
Br-vtzcou,(eu^oKjoov rogopxrcpcigxor
emoueuBevrog rnv ooreiovKol rnv norpio,
ovnBepoorco...>.
'w ,g ro noof.n nou onorccicuorlouOo Lnc
ft fg
1[/f oroong nou rnpnoc n rorxouoo
"d"Y -t" Exxnoio xoro rnv ropcryutvnuDrn
nepioo xcrr n ouoio exgpcrzercrr Ncrrcrurnv
eyxxro rng Iepog Euvounou ouvrorcroroug
opxrepeigvo <ornpizcoorxor epneqor rouEun'
ourogxnprxog xor euoeeigxprorrovoDs...
rov K rou Koroororlxo vpou rcneroypevtov
xot Bt-pptl)gouvtoropvt'-rvouroigrnv TTpoS rnv
A.M. rov BoorAconuv n-iorrvxor
clQoor(0orv...).
To ovo.8e1ro. xcuo rou EeuBepiouBevrzou,ov
npoypou enrnBnNerre oulrtpr,rvope oug
roug eNxnorcrouxoug xcrvveg,onoreeixr our
evcreucrxAou8orov Noepprovv. H crponrou
crvcrBeporog (ncogNnr n percrOclctov
onororooroon rov prrponoirov Xiou, Kozcrvng
xor Heiog nou ouvrcrxBnKcrv U rnv EBvrxn
Avtioroon)onotcc.i onUcporov ovorxr
oycrprootrroD exl n rorxoooExxnoio pe
tn rxn rng roropio.
@aiav Maryxoong
 ngo)oyou

eAnvrNnIoropicrorn peyourepnrng ropNercr, on' rcr uovopxcrroxpvro, eivor

iyo-uoun roropio rotv epquicovnoepotvrng.
Me roug cperrog rou MeyoouBootecogo Enopno.rngvoucrpxosAoovpog
reuoeorougAryg norclpousro 405 rov crOnvcrixoro.Me roug iroug
crperxougo A0nvoiog vcropxog Kvrov reuoeornv Kvio ro 387 ro oucrpucnrx
orAo.Kcrr opeocogpero rnv ef,ouBvoonrotv uo ovunoLcov,spxror oS
errroreyoopcrn <erpnvn rou oorrog>(n Avroxierog) - rre nou xovoupernv
Knpo.
Apyorepo, ro 371,pe neporx xpnpo or Onoior ef,ooBpeouv roug Xncrpuoreg
or(r ^tDKrp0.
Kor ro 362 orn Movrivero, pe uo neporxo, eyrve Uro rpoepnpoxn ovopeoo oe
Onoioug, Eucrpuoreg,ABnvoioug,Heioug,Axrrog, Mcrvtrveig,nou enf,excopig
vrKrun. Anoexoriornxov perof,u roug...
Mero ro neporx xpnUo, oxoouOeio xpuogrcovverepc,tvxpvcov:rcr overo rng
crvef,oprnoiog.Tre nrqv nou yivope <cryyqror>pocrcrnuo eppuroug
nopoug:rou 1823KCrrrou 7824r<arpe rov Toupxo ornv lleonwnoo. Tre or
r<orzcrpnooneg rou Mopm, or eqonroregrng Ypog Ncrror @ovcrproreg
uoepooovrous oKrnpovegxepreg rorv Kooxorptuvcriov.
To 1823peBmope pe uo Exreeouxo Eporo Kr pE o Bouegnou
onoxnpuxvovrov nopovopro.Tcr iro Kcll oro rxcroprou 1916pe ro
qroyeppovrNr<covorcrvrrvrx Kporogrr,tv ABnvtitv ctu' rn Uro neupo,trrcro
xpctog rou Bevrzeourng Oeoocrovixngcrurnv crLn (. Ioroprxo, Tng
Apuvng ro llorrcr, 12 Ox. 2000).
loin r<orM. Bperovicrrropexouvoro xporog rng oeoocrovixngrou Bevrzeou
nnpn n8rxn Ncrrurxn unoornprf,n. Ano<pcroizouv rn ro.uioreuon
rnopouxv crvrrrpoocdrrov Kor xopnyouv overo 10 exoroptrrupiov rppcryNtuv
(f. eovrcpirng,I.E.E., Er<or.ABnvv r. IE', o. 41).
Eto xpcnog rrrtv A8nvciv rou Kr,tvorovrivou n feppcrvio xopnyei overo 40
eKorolluupiov <ppoyxol rov Iclouopro rou 1916Kol rov Anpi).ro rou irou eroug
evcrerepooverorng feppoviog npos rov Korvorcrvrivoocrnepooeroro nporo
oyroux. Oo ro rcrxerpizerorto noou (E.I. Xrepnvou,E. BevrzouKeipevo,
ABnvo 1981,r. B', a.211t.
Noepprovo rou '16 xor <Moxn rov A0nvdtv>>, notErrepooeornv loropio.
exepprovcrrov'44 xor <Moxn rc'-rvA8nvv>>.E n Ioropio eucrvootrrnveror
og <pnpocr. To npcoirng l8ng Noelrpiou 1916o.norcrzrTcn oro @onpoKcll rov
llerpo-rooulrpoxrxn povoo 3.000ovptilv xor opcrpizerrpnlroro rng necog
rolv ABnvv Kovro oro Xroro xor ro ncrqu.fivercrr pcrxn Ue 194vexpougxcrr
rpoupc[ieg Ayyoyo^ousKor 82 trnveg,xc'rpigvo uuooyizovror ro Otrrcno rou
opoxou nnBuopou. <trpqul.ro oyxpouon ovnpeocr orougEAnvegrng llcrorog
EAcrcrg Kcn orous trnvegri,.rvNecovXarpv>.
<Moxn rtov A8nvctv>> or' rnv ln eNeppiou1944yrcr BBpepegcrvnpeoooe
AyyAougxor EAnvr-gtrrcnoAcOupotoon' oegrrg neupr-gt. Ioroptxo.
exepprcrvcr, Or 33 pororlrvegUepeg).
BenerenE per o npoouxg xpuog.llg yivovror or operxoi orepiveg,or
orepivegpcrpxoyeppovrxo, f,ovo orepivegr<orpero ro lg47 oLopro.
i

:i Nixog Baptapnaong

I
, {'{
,:lr-. ,S
'r. , ,".ilt ,!
i;:,ir",:
NOEMBPIAM
Touf roProY @.MevporoP^,{ToY
xo0nlnni licvemornpiou A0nvrirv
g upr,neouoorou eAnvrxouxporoug,n Aonvq
roOreivo 8ep npovp.ro.ev exeropop-
rorei nor on ex8pog,oo pvo on oulrpo-
xoug: cru roug fcrougro 1916,crn roug Bpero-
voDSro 1944.Aev eivcrrourn n pvn olrorrnrcrpe-
rcrf,u Noepprqvv xqr exepprovv.
O nopotrnropg eivor unpng crv rcr Noep-
prova Ber,ipnBov pvo rog upriltn upcrf,n evg
pc4rotognou ooxl,np8nxe Ue rnv eyxcncroroon
rhg xuepvnong Bevrz6ou ornv A8nvo rov Iovro
tou 1917,pero rnv f;,roonrou Kc,rvotovtivou. Tre
nov npornrouv nol,egxor ouorcirerg olrorrn-
res Lrerrr exepprcrvcr:
!,i',
r
! { . = j
'=
- ni,
*
1. Kor oug o ueprnroerg,pio envrxn xu-
epvnon eixe pe rc ppogrng, opqrorvope egng
eveif,,erg,rnv u.LeroEnqio rou qo n rovros Tou
8voug(ro 1916),xr pc,rgKol rn orpcnrouxn u-
volrn vo eeyf,,errnv nporeouon rou r<poroug.Ko.-
ro ouvnero, n iro n eyr<nroorcronrng ornv ABnvcr
ef,,oprn8nxeou f,,vn orpouc'nrxn uvopn, uou,
xopn orn ouvrprnrrxn uncpoxn rng. rr-rxoxore-
qe rnv ovriorcronrou..oorng nporeouoog.
frcr ooug{evizet o noponropgoro onpeio
our, xpemzerr vo ovoqrepBouvor ouvBnxeg e-
yr<uooroong rng xuepvnong Bevrzeourov Iouvro
rou 1917.To pn rng onoroornxov on yqr-
xo noeprxo noio r<or E0ooov un rnv [poorcr-
oio yorxv orporeulrorr,rvornv A8nvo, nou op-
xrxo eyxorooruSnxov oro f,,evooxeio<Meyo.n
Bperovio>. Mvo ororox pupeoe n xuepvnon
nurn vo epneoer rnv ef,ouoiorng xopn oe rxeg
mg uvopergxcnoorong,nou ev enoqrov pc,rgvo
eivcrr <f,,veg>)
yro rnv llq),ro El,qo. flpr<etcrr
xupic,rgVro rnv Kpnrrxn XopoEucrxn, oq xor
 i-Jffi Irl
,ilh

i,ffi o ', ,ilo-"

nft i ,,,'r
":"' " "t$d { ",."
:.

--:.t:,fu#

,tu,,.r'f
li i* ..*,

Ilovtt,o
oyyoyolKdq

AEKEMBP
yro KprulKo ouvroypcno, rrou xpnorpouorn0nr<ov
yro rnv r<qrqoronorooerovoe oTporlorrKgpova-
egrnElloorog EAcrog(u.x. orn Aopio).
2. Yn ro xou1r1rorns nrprouKng onxpouong
png ef, ovur<erlrevouf,,evngorpouotuxng euepo-
ons, n ctpxrKn unepoxn lov ufltpoollrorov rns
ABnvogouvoernxeKor orrs o neprnroergou xeio, n <MeycrnBperovio>, tpotpepe KCrroug
oyprrnregex rou ootpoougevovriov ovunepcrour-
orov opoxrov:rov @reeu8epov Kor rov rrpoo(pu-
yov ro 1916, rov Oulrorr,rvKcrr rov opnpov rng
O|IA xor rou EAAE to 1944. Xr4ig vo ovorpei e-
vregro norprcour<oxivmpcr rr,tv poxnrv, ourn n
oKortrvn leupo onoxqBroro rnv [porcrpxrxn on-
pooio rov yeyovrrov.Enpxelo ueprootepoyro
epEuLronAepo uopcr yrcr onxpouon <f,vouer-
ooeo>.
3. ev eivqr, rog,ruxcriegor olrorrnregrrouro-
pouorcrzer n ronoypogio rov Uoxolv xcrr rng ef,ou-
oiog.H ovo.oiornpopEooyicrrou eoEouguuo-
yopeerrq iro orpornyrKo onpeio yro rn rexi-
Knon roD etreyxourng uporeouoog, ucogn.x. o
fioS
oro Keporoivl
T0T0p0YIevo
e0rvnopo
T o u1 9 1 6 .
Krtrl,
pperovrxri
0tporvo
tpogrou Qrouonuoun o Apnrrg. Ef,,ioouoro- FoUPopi(cr
0eoerg
Bepo,n oupol,rxn po rng ef,ouoiogopizeror on rou EAAI
rnv nepiperpo rrov <rerxr.rv>(xoro rnv of,xoorn er- orovApqrrd
(ppoonrou Booi-Ln Bool:xo oro <Evrg rov rel-
ToAsKsUppro
xtiw), pe enixevrpo rnv noreio Euvrcrypcnog. Ei- rou 1944
vor pororo ef,,xogerpovrx u ro iro f,evoo-
o neprnroergrnv ooqrol,eorepno8nvoixn oreyn
oe pio. ef,ouoio <f,evgeprn>,ucrpeioor<rnKot KU-
prol,exuxo. qvouo.
O uopon}rop.gev tponizereoro pvo rnv
ronoypoqio. Aeixver euiong ng or npoxoromyerg
pog xpcoporizouvUr evre..rigroEopeuxn xporo
ycyovLonou cf, ovrrxcrpvoutrrorozouvpcrof,u
roug. Eevn orpououKn eupoon unnpf,e Kor orrs
o neprnroerg,evonln olxn ovriorcroneniong.
Evrbgcogo Bevrzeogexernov ovoxBei oe rep
e8vrx eicoo,ev roxuer ro iro yro rov lerirpyro
flonovpou. Eror, n icr rritv Enrorpororv Eovrcr-
zer onpepo neproorepoorxo.iorn ol exeivn rr,tv
onoyvt^rvroug. I
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oulrpereixov oro peyourepo ovBponoxuvnynt pu8trrioerg,nou eixe npooOnoero Bevrzeogotp' -

uou eixe yvorpioerg rre n ABnvcr-oro enerorq rou oveloe rnv npoOunoupyicr, ro 1910, ixqv
rng l8ng Kcrrrng 19ngNoeppiou rou 1916,rou - orperyerevovriov rou ro peycrrepoppog rng rro-
Uervcvyvooro. og <Noepprovo>. poooror<ngeir. Aurn pnxe vcv rxcrv nyrn
To epornporcrnou 0o pog onooxonoouveivot oro nporrrnorou Kovotovrivou, o ouoiog eurioxe
oE' evg norcroxpr9, on q ro yeyovro nou vcr crrroKrnoercruouropxrxgef,ouoieg.Or totpco-
onpoeqov ug rpoyrxg exeivegnppeg,ruov on- vieg perof,,rov uo crvpv,or onoiegeixcrvnn e-
pcrvuxn oro ucrioro rns KevrprKng notrxng ro- nnpecroerrn ref,oyi,rynrov Bcrr<ovrxvlloepov
rxcroiog,non rou rxoopoD, Kor o(p' erepou yrvov cryeuporespe ro f,eonoopcrrou llprou flcr-
ug eyrvcrvouro ro yeyovro vtrnnro on roug yxoprou lloepou. O Kpmxg uo.Lnxg nBee
rng enoxng,o.oxor ug eunpo-
upcorcrycovrorg vo nopeper n Eoctoro ueup rng Avrovr, e-
oov rnv norrrxn oupneptrpopo roug.Etr Bo ef,e- v o crvoxros errrzruouoernv ouereprruo, n o-
ro.ooupe,nqn, rnv nvron xot oloxounrlKn cru- noio euvoouocrn leppovict.
rn oyxpouon, n ouoio o.f,,izervcr peern0ei ou
uoAegonuxg ycovieg,o.noxeronxoon rn oxo- nog ouvn oe tregoxev ug oxovr-
urcrrng notrxng roropiog. Negxpeg, ro qvriBercrorporuecrovo-
Evoonro Aev lrnopoupe, rpo, vo ncrpoNoouBnooulre o- rcucrxBnxovpero ro 1914pe oon to veo
roroorfpororov vo.utrxcrtn roexuxn rou rxoopou, ornv onoio inppo: <uepog n erpnvn>. Ko0g
eyypoErnxnv ro Noelrprovo. Ag onperdooulre,o-
0reeu0eptov qOorvero pnypo perof,,toug, npooop-
or4voEppong, u er<eivnrn ouypn or noireg eixcv ror- uozcrv rnv Io^IIlKn rous 0Jorevct Krvr[oflolnoov
oqpoepfvo.pepeOeioe uo przrxo ovrinoegropcnctf,erg,or onoi- veesKorvovlKgolrcreg.An rov Iouvro rou 1916,n
xxxrvougeg eixov emr<eEongrov Bevrzoxor ro oor,Lro. rcronopotov e[rorpcruNv ouyttv xoro pnr<og
xxougonroug Kovotowivo ovtroroixog. Or yor rng utoong xor norogrng xpog errrKuprdoe rn peroppquon
Enforporoug
nrqv ovBeror.Or uorrrxSKctrKorvovrregperop- rou rxoopou on crvunopo8eon uotrxv eir oe

10
 - +***. 6

?;,.,1

Avo;1rirp4o4
rou
ouyKpoDonuozv. Tov AyouoroQrovrovKoi pvous) rou, evo n euicrroug npooexDoeroDS Bevr(eou
on
Kor ouerepErornpoyporouoinoqv rvrurrcJorcr- przoouoorege0vrKrorSNcrruoougoooro^rorS. pe
ro Xovro
KeSouyKevrpoergornv rpcrreuoDocrKol oe errop- Ero xporog rcovABnvv, rpo, n Avrqvr, uou ro- ro voop1o
xtot<gnerg,ev orn Oeooqovixn f,eouooero rnpouoe roxupss orpouolung Kor vourrKesuvcl- Kouvrouprdr4
xor
xivnpo rng E0vrrng Apuvcrgun rnv oryicr rrrtv usls ornv leproxn rns nporsuoDocrs.pllopouoe v(r pcnpooprop14
fo).ov. O Bevrzogeyr<cLreerrpe eniong ur ennpeooerrnv nourNnrng xupvnong.Qgug op- 0eoooAovix4
yorxn npoorooio rnv A8nvq ous 13 Eenreppi- xeg Oxrcopiournv ovcryxooevo rng nopooerrov
ou, Vro vo oxnporioer rn rxn rou flpoor,tprvn Ku- eeyxorou eoEpouorou,rov roxupo1reir,-rv xor
pvnon. Meyoo UpoSmS @reeu0epng nye- rou orpilnyrKng of,iog ornpoppouA0nvv-Ao-
oios rov or<ooBnoeornv Kpnrn xor xornl orn piong, xo.0rigKor eKrercrpvegooruvoUrKoururou
Oeoocrovixn,ev oor pervov ornv llooro ef,ouoieg.Af,ronorvrog pcrrorcrro rnpporcr,-
Eoouneepov orr vo KupclrclcnroLporrxng nou ovonpoorcronyouoen e8vrr<nreooyio.,e-
rpopoKporios,rcr orroio evroxuOnxov prg cveo- rve po8npcucreBvrxng euoDvetnoiogNor uopi-
e rnv xoepvnon o rcrBnynrng En. Aolrupog. T- orove rov ou8evux exttrrpoornrou envrnouqlu-
po, ro eogogrng Ecrog rer<rxoocrvuo xpo- rporrolrou.Eror, orn roxoivcoonrnE 7l / 24.71.1916,
rn, rou ev xropizovrcrvpvov crrrrn orcronroug o- pe rnv ouoio.quuuooe vo rng uopoo8ouv rq -
rrtvcrvrrornv Avrovr, ol,n xor crnrrg KorvovrKts rro KCrrnoe1roErorou envrxou orpc[oD, u-
ovunqergroug.Ouorgrropfinpnos o lrpyog e- uevOprze:<To nLo rourq eive npot,lpropevovcr
owopitng, ro crpxrxo.lrerpronoBegnpypo1rtrrorou xpnorponornBornpog oneeuOpotorv eogoug,ro
Bevrze-\ouev eneroeor0 rous oncrogore roDS onoiov exer uouo8n uu rou yevvororpouEn-
exBpougrou Kol uoLoi EoowcrvUnnos ovrpe- vrxou o.iporog.H 8orgrov ev eive ergro oBn e-
lte rn Uovopxion xqt ro xorvt-rvrxxor ou<ovo1rrx vg onoorooiou,cr'ergro prronorou Movcrorn-
ro8eorg.' O rpoSprzoouoour<vrolrv crnof,,e- piou Kol rng Moxeoviog...Io u rperrr vq l,ex8n
vooe nollog nourxoug Kcrl orpc[rorlxog <o- xor' euovomyrvrrpos ereivoug oiuvss exouorv,g )

11
 , l

"{ t.'
, n *l
l t
4*li'

s
Meqrov
npeopetdv pvov reegro peyoeiovrou trnvropo, pe-
rov;lttptilv yoeiov ro ro ouoiov crrllpooroueg uvolrergev-
r4g Avrtivrelouv roEepovrorueproorepovnovrg oou>.
xorOgyet oe H ircrrqxoivoon etooero evouopcrrng voeU-
oult;tollxnoio provng ouyKpouons. fro rn orpouo.ruxn cvrrue-
(gatroypogio ruron rov Eulrpcrxorv xlnronornonxov, iuo oro
Il' l-loui4) enionpo xporog, or Eniorporor xor oegcrvef,ee-
yxreg olrcreg.Ao ourg trocrvuporeporrnrn
oroug rxoug roug orxoug:npuer vq eu0vovtov
yro vo uooictvo ueproroux rng l3ng Noeppi,
ou. ro onoio rpoUoKpclTnoc rous ovnepovovreg.
non, ro onpoe1rope xxxrvn oEn rov onr-
rrov Kcll trov xorcrotnporcoveurqlovciv ouov rou
Bevrzeouoro Kvrpo rng A8nvog. Aurn nrcv trrrcr
ouvn8ropvn npoxuxn oroug rr,typoDg,rov or
rrreg ev yvprzcrvnpooc,rmxcrro Opororous.
eixe xpnorgonornBei rrpo(poroornv OBr,tlrovrr<n
Auroxpcuopior<orev 8o. opyouoevo of,rouornOei
Kor orro rous vozrorSevovriov rrov Epoir,tv. Xu-
FrtuKvove tnv onern tng KorvovrKngxor xr o-
ncig notrxng oyxpouong: ororxeio rou <oo>
n <xou>emriOevroroe enopousoorous,pe oKo-

Txq r:m;g*mg-xffiv{tq,
ffirx*mxgxrlxx
#e ffi{l&&ffiffi
ffiLWffiw
ffimryXrsffi #ffi*s${3Kffi*y{x wffiwffiryKyhwffiKffi
JffiKeKK$We'X
ffi$x$w*welw{}cT{ffi {fuv K,ffiwwew:tg;{4*w

n rn enooioxcrrrnv xorcrorpoEn.Toro eivor - crutnv tn euoupyio oneuocrvvcl ro ulroKcrroorn-

UolSro ono og xor' ef,oxnvrroregororxeiorng
ouyKpoDons.Ern Seon rou npooercrrevo ryo-
repo cl[oKpouour<ororxeio, ro eBvrx xqr nour-
r<,nou eyypoEeror ornv emexuNrnro rng io-
f,,ng:0uporo ev yivovror oror croroi,oopvov
exeivot ltoD xcloctvrnv npoorooio rou vpou, ener-
n or iror eueLef,,ov,upoiovrcrgrov ovoxrcr, vq
ouvrpf,ouv toug f,,vouEKr nopovog vcr orropcr-
xpuvBouvon ro cOvrxootrlro.
H nyeoio. rou qrrl,ooorrxouorpcnoneouove-
xrnKt Kr eurNprnoeournv rn ir,i[,n,qo ev ei-
vor eo.rorrorogrnv eplvruornKe: n reo ior,tg
rponBe o ro orporoKporrKon rq nro <qiKo))
ororxeio rng iro"guoporof,,ng.Xiyoupo eivor u ou-
znrouvrctveupogrnv iro enoxn nnBog toroplKo
nponyoupevo,qrr rousXrxerxogEoneprvogxcrr
rn Nxrcr rou Ayiou Bop0oolrcrioug ug erovcr-
ororrKrg ngpegrou 1793orn fqio r<orrougnp-
o(porousroypoug rcovAppevicov ornv O0ropovrxn
Auroxporopicr.
Ennpenovrog vcr rrpoerorUooreiro noyxpop, ro
xporog qlouornBnxe pio on trg upotropxrxeger-
roupyiegrou' nqn, rnv upoorooiclrns rrpooorrr-
rng oo<poi,ero.SKr rns neprouoiog rc'tv nouv. X'
ooDvol er<npoconor crrrtvNpouxv ovrornrrrtv:or
oDUUcxrKS uvolrerg,nou eixuv eyr<oroorcrBei ornv
A0nvo r<ororov flerporo, npooovrogc4reoosoS
pvor npoororegrov qrrwrovuxv Envc^lvxor
pe npoxnpo rnv ovoyxn rnpnong rng rof,ng, o-
roirnoov on rnv r<uepvnonvo rous uopotioet
rov eeyxoT0rvorpornylKti-rvonpeiov lns ilp0jlc-
ouoos-evepYel0,IIou ullopoDos vo Ilpopnvur evct
eiog enreNnxngxoroxng. frcr vq ug xoreuvcroer,
o Ktlvor-ovrivogcyyun0nKe npootlnrxo rnv ooqn-
ero rcovevrzerxdrv,ocrouvopo o orporg rou
eoueuevo xqrql,oer nprog ro orpornyrxn ouro
ongeio, xo.Origxor rcr ontrrovuxcr nporo. rripro
xor crqveupoyrxo Kevrpo rng ung, on rlg
rponezegcig rnv Hexrprxn ErcrrpeioKor rn oxo-
vcrYopcl.
Kcr8titgxrpoxr,tvrov n vrcron, ro evexpevo
rng orporrorrKng ovoperpnong Ue roDSEulrlroxoug
yrvrov o xor lro onernrrx. An ro pnu mg
16ngNoeppiou opyovOnr<e n pozrxn xrvnronoi-
non rov Eurorportov.Toug porpoornr<ovorog,o-
ro Kor noepogro. o X. Xouppozrog roDSu-
noyrzeoe oxro xrroege<pepoug, perof,,rr,tv
orroiov nrcrv rproxoror of,rcopour<oi.flooi qro

t2
 {ri {
,f
f?

& r
{r{r?
t,:.
;:
3'

{
h
q@
.&.
i{,'-"s
h c *'',ff
' . 1

l-rior
rs(ovoTeS
ourogonpovouocrvvct roxronornoouv roDScvor- trroxrxcrnoio crpxroovvo op.opizouv,ou ro Qpoupov Tnv
xrogoycrprcropoDs rous, uourxng n [pooorrrKng (Dol,npo,ro Kvrpo rng A0nvog. Mvo xcno ruxn rrpsoBforouq
quong,Ueroug <f,evoxivnrougevrzerxoug>. Or i- yirooov ro ovoKropo (n onlreprvn Boun), uou ornvA0fvo
roroulrpereixcrvorrs Bopuergrondoergxor tnv itq otryUn ronpoyporeuovrovrnv ovclKr'rxn
oug enr8eoergevovriov yorxv neptnov xcrr o KorvorovrivosKor or npeoeuregrr,rvXqrpo.xr,tv.
evrzerr<ve<p4repir'tvrn 17n Noelrpiou. n- Xro or<ororor oyyoyorxeguvcrlrersefieorpe-
on,rnv nopopovn rng nf,ng rou ouppoxrxo re- Wov otov flcrporo. exovrosxoocr novu-ron cxor
eorypo.Eou. ovpeg.
An er<eivnrnv nprn npopcrrcrv oDyKpoDoeov
r<eivnrn vuxrcr crnor8qornxovorov ller- n KovovlKn zon ornv ABnvcr eixe roxonei. Ep-
po.ro.yorxcr,cryyrxo xor torxo oyn-
QOvCt USUlCtYpOQrKnIleprYpoqn,rcr<<rc[crornpcrlo
poro' ouvorxcruepi rougperg xrroegov- exeio8nocrv,or ooi npnp8noov, n ouyxorvcovicr
peg.llpl crnrnv ouyn rng lBnSrpnUoro. cvcrpci8n...O BevrzerxoE xopog cupioKcrourr
roug orocv npos rnv upr,neuouoo,o.o. ro Kporos euyourppou... ev npynoov vo on-
rougetppo.f,,ovro pp.oor envrxeguvolrerg,nou pero8ouv Kor orlrcrrnpoeneroro...H vuf, rng or-
elxov oxupto0eiorougyupcorpoug.Or npcbregou- pornpcrg npepos rnOe zoqepa Kor opeio Kor
yKpouoersf,,onooovoro qrorou Orononnou,- nnpng oyr,rviog r' oN),npov rov qrnouxov
nou ueprxuxto0nxov xr crrxpcroriornKov Korlou ul,nBuopv mg neolg.Hn on rcDVrrprov e-
eror lcr),or. O irog o rorxntng roDouppclxlKou onprvv opv nooo xuxotpopiocrvcrrog oougei-
otou,o emncrrogvoopxogNropriz wr @oup- xe roxonn. H xivnorg rov rpoU ovexun enions,
v6, pOnxeeyxoropevogpozi pe UeprKeSeKo- rotoyn e rng Kuepvnoecog ev crvnqBnoovKclr
rovrnegovpegoro Zcrnnero,nou exrov nupcr or nlrouKoi Eovoi>.'
g rtg upreg onoyeDpcrrrvrspos, orore oupeo- Or evrzerxoi Ser,rpovrcrvneov ouvepyoreg
vn0nxe upooioprvn ovoxr,txn. llporou uoer o n- rov eroocovxcrr n xux.LorpopioroJveEnpepir,tv
rogor ouyxpooergf,,ovopxroov,rvo Kcll ro oDU- roug orcryopeurnKe n epiloiornKe. llooi eixov )

13
TO IIOIKPOM

Toonirrrou
Bevr(eou or4v
A0fvo.Iro
rfvrpo,ro
eooreprx rqg
orxiogroupcru
orllrriro
rtov
nupoporoprirv
orougroi;1ougxor
%Wryr- .ffi
ffi.s
r?
t#
I

oronoprpero rou 'tW** oW

W

tlw a"1t *w
sq Wli
4ffi
d:i'

* w

npooer vo pouereuoouv orov llerpcrrcr,nou e-

eyxrov on ug ouplroxrKesuvnperg,n ornv e-
nopxin. Qoroo, uoAoi ol,or eixcrv peiver ornv
A0nvo -enern nioreucv n Bo npoororeuovrovxo-
pn orn onpovllKn KorvuvlKnrouEunoroonKcrrrrg
yvoprpieg rougeire enernnrzovu or iror B' cr-
neeuyov ro xerprepoeire, reog,euern crnou-
orcto ev puopooov vo rogyouv. Evcr noyxpp
Bo ennue ornv roug ryrepororpougv' ovu-
oroBouv,or onoior o.noreooov lrrKpo povo UpoS
rov A0nvoir,rv: crutreuxuverq oxro ri,tv rco-
xtv. ot onoiotopyovt-rvovrovTnv ito vuxto.
To upoi or ppor rng ung uopo8nxov orcr
xepro o1mcovevonorv ronrrlrriv -Entorpctov,
orpmrc'nrxv, ooruvoprxrrivxr <eBeovrcbv))[oD,

# *r;*s*cyn {*v ry4}6;W#K.*y,tfi'

*uvffibsffit*vVrffi
Trtc,
****yx* {rv {F{p#x{37t{,*a3w {staq#.aww n*maw,
i3p**#*wtJ*t*"].d{-q:
xiffi*t, #{11m*wTbq,rz.q
a*xz*N*r,
nupoovrogoproreporor ef,ro, enui8ovrov cr-
vepnroro oro onirrcr Kol rcr Kclrcrornporcrrov
npoypcnrxtirvn unouBepevov(ovrovuKrirv>. Koro
rov ropoototrx Xouppouzro:
<MeB' exoornv expnf,rv nupooroptiv rov ert-
orporcov nepinoor oueouoor onoxeiouv rnv
xo.0' ng n onnerpo orxicrv n Kclrcrornpoxnr ou-
c4rtrvouvpe0' peov xor ervv nponnoNr-
opov KcrrKoKorrornorovroug evrppougBevrzer-
xoug evorxoug.oirrvcgcotrrrorn oupprcvor ev pe-
otooyxv onyovror ergro @poupopxeiov un ro
oriypo otrtorolrpEou
crnovregNcnnyopiog,oDvropo-
oicrgxcuo rou NoBeorc'trog
xor eoxorngrpoooiog...
Ko.r eive xopoKrnprouxv ro enerorov ro onoiov
oqnyeiror n [ovuevrzerxn] -Eozeprvn uepi evg
ei<rov ounE0evrtovrourrv,oug o.noytrrevog u-
n rng neprnouKor rKouplrpevog un rou nn-
Bougrepcrpruperorrpog ro nn0og, rou onoiou e-
znrer vo Krvnoel rnv oupntrBeror4u "ourg ev n-
ro BevrzerNg, pvov xenrng!">.'
crAcr
Eupqrc'-wope ro euionpo ororxeiq, nou qvoxoiv(-
oe opyrepon xupvnon rorv @reeu8prov, on-
peniBnxov 922 tpuoNioerg, 503 xpooporcrAeno-
oiog, 395 neprorouNnepiloprKoupnoixorcrz,66 ue-
prnrrioerg tpBopvKor Kclrcrorpogvoxrvnrt-rv (or
urxgznlng unooyiornxov oe egrcrKoroUpuplcr
poxpg uepiuou), 31 xeroiporo eqnpepicovxor
Kcrrcrorpo{peg Ko.rgB0ef,opiegn orro-
runoypnqreir'rv,
UoKpuvorg npoonov eneto. qn onereg.lho e-
xreBe4revegoro rc'iyp ruov rpers olroeg: or e-
Uropor, or Kpnrrr<oixor or upo<puyeg.Oo Spnvou
oov uo neproorepcrBulrcnocv ev upqrorvov
Noro r-xorovror'g vo Kclrcleuyouvons ouppoxlKes

74
 KdpnrovMoxev(r,
oplqydqrqg
, ,|. pperouxrig
puorxlig
un4peofog
orqvEu

prcrpxoDoexipo eu<popiogn NcrrNcrpvcrcrrou.

llepo on ug xororxieg orrurvDUorv,nou yvproov
)rnv rn oxrpooio -rou Muevoxn, rou Neypen-
.f.
\ml, rou Kouwouprcilrn Kol rou irou rou Bevrze-
ou- noporcrornKovKcrrovroeg oegxcnorNieg
,iEll,ii neproorepon ryrepo enopov ABnvoiov. Opr-

##
I _i'

olrvor crnourog,pn Bovrcrg vcr nroreUrouvor1

;t*-*ll/.";'
elrqrov Ouporoevgopycwopvourc,rypou,znrn-
lj oov rnv npoorooio rov opxv, yrcr vo rcrmorooouv
,,,r,ti
:rl ouvropcru or iror 0eopovrov eurNivuvororo-
oloores. ev qoivercrr vo. unepoeo Xouppou-
zrog,rov ypcren <llcrvrolJnou eronpxovroor
ororror xor or croronoEporrng Kuepvnoeos,
n eroon rov xpnorpolorsircrl npos rcrplcrynv
xor o<pupctyt^ryiov.
Or ouAotrrcrvpevor Becopou-

upeoeieg -n oroEopiopcognou erf,en Avrcrvr

*'**s.uv &ffi 't^s
f**&*{spx'a **ry:.,*
i rlkv:t* friu* i *q*:
r
yrcrrous unAoruougEnvegouvepycnegrng, Kcll
t<upitog
n opvnon rou @oupvevo xpnorponornol *m*{} #*bt}pt#"ff}q'*ptffit}*{, il gr:*#{t.iYr.ril{. vi*
vroTnvnpoorooiorougTovroxupoutrrprcrxLN oro- "\! ;: * { * p i *r{ ;\ i,i*v
*.\{*Tt*tt-t*{***, ry*{1xiryT.i'2a*.
o,rou proxrov oe cruorcron6ong, Koroppo-
npoooprvoro ynrpo rng.
KrLrO(]V

oAoonirrcruoropxn8nxov pe nupoo- vror oS npoyeypoUpevor,rcov onoir,tv n zotn ef,cp-

ropoug,pe rnv npqrcronu xpuovrov roror npcrypou pvov ex rng xong Benoecog rov
o'outo ccu0cpor oKorrrDrr-S
n uflnpxov orxpo.touorcirvrorv.H ueprouoio.rov 0eopeiror og
no rcuv evrzerxv. H rorxcroio, neprouoio xcucriNr,-rv
enrBcrvoriotv,rnv onoiov u-
nou crr<oouOooe rnv eroon,ef,unn- vovrctl vo ro8oouvNotn ounorvor "ripror" crv-
perouoenoogoKorrouspozi: rng enooiog,rng Bpconor,or ovoovreg ro NcrBnxovvo. povouv
nrr-rong
Kor tnSounqlnglt'-rvcvoixUv.rougonoi- ro no rcDVergro oipcr rr,rv"npoorov">.'
ougonyooov,ouxvo xor<onotnpovoug, orls crpxes, O ouvorr<goprOpgrrov vexpv etrrervecryvo-
oroDroDSouoyyeovrov,notgeiope, opuroreg orog. O Xouppouzrogxor oegnnyeg uopcrBerouv
oo xcrr crproregxornyopieg. Euxvo qroivercrrrros ouyxovrouNcrneprorour<oqrvrrtvNr eNreeoeotv
nrov xor ro neprorcruKctrng epqung iog evovriov ev ryuxp, oq ev xoulreef,crxprolreveg nn-
rivyuvorr<cirv,
IIou ixov ueprKrs gopeg rpcryrxcro- porpopieg oure xovvov npoyporrx r<orooyorr,tv
roreeoporo.Xrnv neupcrro-lvrcoxrVnor, Nu- Ou1ro.ru-rv.
Enionpo xoroypargLnxovrprovro ncvrr' )

15
 vreg. Or npoguyegoxorOnxov euern nrov np-
oeuyes: or oo<poviegroug cruoreeoovev quxptir
r<or onpoconoeyxnporo piooug, ro onoio eixe
xorepynBeiouornpcnrxcrcrnrcr peoo evnppro-
ong. Enroryaoov ror rnv notrxn rng xupvn-
ong, n onoio nponyoulrvorgeixe oncrl,nf,errnv
nponeouoo on opxerg xrroeg ooug rp-
oeuyes, orevovrcrgroDSvo onoexorrorov on
rnv neivo.xor ug emnpieg o' evcrcrurooxero
orpcr-
rneo ouyxvrporongorn Eoo...

r <evtzetxoi>,nou eixov rnv ruxn -

ng vo ounqBov,onyovrov,oEou
npro Noxonolouvlovxor ronopneo-
vrov Ueoo on roug ppougrng rng,
ornv porns orpcuruiuKns qrpoupos: <cts
ro nepiEnpov unyerov rou Qpoupopxeiou, uou o
onuoroE.Erg ro qprxocovrouro ovrpov.ro nn-
pcg oxLouExor uooopiosKor cDpu,Troong uyp-
rruog, ergrov orevv rourov xpov uoeEexoeg
Bulrctov oueuviyovro nn ef, oo<puf,iog ror iqng.
Aropxg e eppiurovro ergcrurvo Oporo>.'IIr-
ornKcl enipovcrvo unoypoEouv noerg niorng
orov Kovorclvrrvrop- Uro ellnveuon. rnv orotcr
opyrepo8o.of,rouorouoef,,ovoo Merof,og. Eueto
or no elr{poveigonyn8nxav orn Boun, nou tn
<vxro mS 19nSKr rng 20ng revuxtpuocrvou-
ror xo8npevor oxov eui rou ecr<pouE>.'Tnv e-
npevn nppo rouopneu8nxqv f,ovn, xcrBgon-
yovrov oor oug EuoxegAepcotpxor oAor
ToAvOepo. orov lloqr Erporvcr.Exei roug crvrrlrercirntoov
"0uUoltot, qrvoryvorordlvnpoorr,rv. ev qroivercrrvcr oqrei- <og xoroixoug ergBcrvc[ov,r,rvn exreeorgnro ey-
r'onopeo{pepo, ovrnv oe opyovouevooxero xor or neproorepor yug. Kor oS npos rorouroDsnpooeeepovrorrpogou-
noueioondevo npuer vo ouoogov oe [poo'rrlKoug n ouyxu- rog.Tnv neuoiOnorvrcurnv eixov epnveuoel or o-
nop60upo r4g oo proxog nopayovreg.f)oroo, our ev ioxue ornv f,rarlronxoi. Mrg percr ro n er<onevrenpepog
Mnoupnouivosnepiurt on rurv exor rogrproxooicov,ovooyope n ouUrreprgoporoiv eyveronrtcotpo>.u
ro eeervd.06oporougrogopougunooyropog.vexpv npooeyt-rv. Erov llerporo n uopouoio roD ouppxrKou orou
TOu0X0u'ue or onoior, ovvupor xor oyvooror perof, oyvrborcov xnr n crlruvcronropvr,rv olrorov Kpnrrxv oue-
-
0eg1{0x xll
xor oolrlrevoroe pozlKougrogoug, ev uepro1rso- rperycvug eneooergnou oxeiozov or Euiorporor.
lllli?l:.iiL vovLovornv cnionsn xoLosLpnon. KoLorov Xoup- fJoroonnBn evrzerxc,-rv xor npooEyr'rv npo-
K0uu0^0u00v
. l,, uouzro,pozrxgexre-Loerg rougonperdrBnKovoe - orovizovrog ug oxnvg, nou 0o zooe iyo xpvro
reTpeqYroT0 :-^ ^-
vo orporueorou llupoorr<oo'g xOeSrou Ir- opyrepo n Eppvn- ouyr<evrpSnKcrvous cruoo-
*grUo ,ou
oo,^oro orporneo rou fouro Kctl olo lleiov Speg rou 4rovrou,eoprcrpvorpe .u Unopouoov
eevrqelOu.rrlv
oqionouP'dnvtYe tou-APeorS' vcr xouonoouv Kl enizovrog vo pouv uoio
orolloyt,tvottotovunepoonlotolnpoquyegnlovxo- quyng. Ernveg ovnoyeg Ue rns uponeuouoogro-
pnpoortioro ro xovvoevrzerxoi,n 8ovori,ronroug ev ef,u- popctiotnxcrvKcrrornv eno.pxio,on rn Oeoooio
rpprpripvrlpeio,, lnpetooe xtrvvcrv [poQovn nottlN oxol -cr.A.- g rnv lfeonwnoo, vu oS rnv rrroron rns KU-
(l-. Iegepqg) q ore r<or oEerrov oe ilpooornKoDg lcrpcryo' epvnonEAopnpou or @ree8epor p0nxov ou-
oroouxcrexrEvpou ornv llcrorcrEooxor o-
KffiwK{xK#{tr#Tp#WnKtrv rnpo ro en1revoef,nlrnvo n rpolroxporio ouv-
&wr:rr'$cxxtx{3ffi
xiornxe lre rnv evOoppuvonrc'rvopxv. Ot (De-
$**qxK#ed:rffi
&eq crrx {xx*" &w*xg"**nerm w.***tr,'xf.qseuBepor,frou crrreeuycrvrn onqm, ouvxroov
*\lcT*w{:$ fr{s"fr
, n#*";$$\$,{Wpffi
s"ffi
wffi, n#!l"liK# iv#e"! p irbs3vo r<povroreui opxeregeopneg.
O enioyog rc'rv Noelrprcvv ypcrErnxe rov n
EvrooxogEunpoun rou flovenviou Xuve-

16
 .#$

*,'-,S ' '\, i

-"g:'*,**'*

i ' :.i:'a

$:lill t

l:ii.

0nooirou
opou rolv Euvrexvrcovr<oeoerov e}nvrN cr ieg xor of,ieg, ncpcryovroseror erti<poooreperu- Bevr(6ou
oro fleiov rou Aper,:gyro vcroupperooxerorov re- uo uo}urNng npouoyovcrg. onyovrur
eroupyrxovoBepouoprou Bevrzou.Ern ypcr- Xrq rn rou 1916eixcv nproupyn8eior reoo- epevoronro
rprrn reern o pnrponoirng ABnvv, rreprorotxr- yrKSKor BeoprNegnpouuo8eoergyro. rn ref,oyo- Boueurfptoong
opevogou tnv Iepo Evoo,prf,erov nprixo i8o, yn evg peycrngeKroons rcoypo.Or eurOeuxg tpuoxeg
ouvoqrizovrog ro euionpo exN),noroonxovuevr- npoexrooergrng eBvrxng reotroyio.g,oo Kot n
zerrurorero:<Korn Eeu0epiouBevrzouou- oyxuon nou crNoouBnoe rnv crnpooKrunouro-
o1rovovrog Apxrepeig xor euroueuopevou Bo- uovpeuon rng e8vrxng rcrDrrruog,nerpeqrov
oreiovrcrr llorpio ovoBetrro eorco>.
Axo.\o8noov Tnv clnovoprUonoinon tng pepicrg exeivng rou
n uopooonornv nupn evgo.xupvrouBevrzeou nnOuopo,nou eixe exnl.oBei urep rng [ort-
xot o exoqrevovropg Ai8otvxcrrpnxrovUs ouvo- KnSTouBcvrzeou.H Nuvrxn nopoirnon ToDKpo-
eiopeoorcovrxg opg.''Eueto ovcrrro.pornoov
rn rous ott rnv uroxpeoon vo rrpoorc[tuoel rnv o-
oKnvn oe prxpoypoEio oug neproorepeguerg oeoercrKol rnv reprouoio.rng irog pepiog crvor-
KClrolcr xrrrpro rou xporoug rcov A8nvv. Encvo- f,e ro ppo o ooug ovoznrooov criorcrNrcr eu-
o1rovpevo ad nauseam, uu rnv Ko8onynon xcrrpieg opnoyng, nouuopo n eNixnong. To
ouvn8cog rou ncrucr,rou qoxqou,rou Nol4rornpxn rrponyoDUvororv rcoypv Kol rov enoorriv,uou
K01rou xrrrpo<puor<o, ro ovo8epcronotumoSnxere- eixcrvunf,er Koro rous Boxovrxoug floepoug ug )
rxoorn oirn ouveinon Fe crpuonpovregnor-
uxegenuroerg. EuyN},noern oupUoxio rr,tvou- T * Wr*x1xffiWlffiwffi ffithpffiw:i:ffiW*pWn vffiwsKffitrN*v*s
vrnpnrrxv prNpocrororvKor UepoDSrttv cryporttv
pe rnv uotrKn Kol otKovoprKneir rng lloorog fur*,d::,u*w e{marietqrnq {puv6pv#ffg#{.${$}t}T$qtu}v
Eoogevqvriov rov rrcloorcrrcbv.Or rorrrKSe- w.ffiE
{ftffiwffiww
{Yew$*w p ffiKffiws{y$"${*w
ir ro of,rouoinov yrcrvcrouveoouv rrg oyxpovS
peooug uol,rlrxng zpc'-rong
Ue Uoor0rvrKesqo-

T7
 tng EupunE.
H poppn rou yevrKeDUevourr,rypou,rrou rlnpov
rerxo.ro Noelrprcrvcr,oqrerrovorprg otn oD-
vcpyooio pcrof,u rurv KpouKorvKclr nopoKpoLrKorv
oror-
trrnxcrvropv og' evg Kcrrrov ovef,eeyr<rr,rv
xeiov crE'erpou.Av ro Noepprovo o.noteooav
crugpro xivnon pozmng rornorong rov ovrl-
tppovovrcov ex ppougrou r<poroug,tre or rf,,erg
Bo nrov nro eouoopevegxcrr Bcreeruepeyoope
pog mS nepnrng iog. Av ncrrev nrov nopa p
vov cvo noyxpp. opyclt-r1rvoou rpovortxougxo-
pn ornv qnn crvoxnrng xporrxng ef,ouoiog,rte
og' evgOcrnrov l,rytepo ouornporrr<oKor cte' e-
LpouBo nLov cuxorcpovo npootoreurouvon
qur ro trrnrng eir.

o enionpo xporog oruv, pe ro onoio <poi-

veror u ronxovrovoe nol,creuineo
or Enrorpouxoi Euoyor,eucrrf,exoipro
po oe egourg ug ef,eif,erg.Eio1re
nos orcl Noepprovcrn rxqouKn ef,ouoict,
TooninrouEpp. or uvoperg oo<pcreiog (uou nopo8nxov ug ireg
Mnevtixq
nou Neg Xtirpeg,Ue rnv unoxivnon n rnv ovoxn rou nppeg orcr xspr tpovorrxv ouov rng iorng
ond xporrr<oUnxovropou, eixe onoeif,rnos rrores pngns) r<oro orporgouvepcqrclrougrr<reg,op-
noropxf04xe
rougEnrorpdrougevpyereg Sepnegxor vo ycrvvovrogr<or'oixov epeuvegxor ouLnrgerge-
lrnopooov vo 8ec'rpn0ov
(oqpepru6peivouv orrtrrpnreE,etpoovorpgovrov evovtiov vrzerxv, roug ouoioug o eyyunrng rou nonetrro-
MouocfoeBvrxv exBpv - non, nov rov <evrzer- tog, non o irog o oorrog,opvnBnxe vo npo-
Mnevdxq)xv,,. H of,io LngovOptirnrvng zorngclxc KoToppcu- orcueoer.levrxrepo, eni Arxoopou, ro xporog
oer Kol pororo, xopn oroug iroug roepous Kor xpnorponornOnxeouornpouKo Vro rnv r<oronieon
orn por<pxpovnenrorpcneuonrrou crxoouBnoe, o rrov xa8e oyng ovur<uepvntrxv -npro rov e-
peyoogyr<ogrou crvprxounl.nBuopou eixe np- vrzerxv xo.r, on ro r<croxoiprrou 1917,rov o-
oqroro exnoreurei oro vcr or<orverKol vo Koro- vuevrzerxv.
rtixcr, xr ncovoc Ll{'llovuipr-vn
n epoorLexvrxn
EHMEIEJEEIE
oon, o.oopycrvoUvcl Kor qnoreleopctrNcr.To
1. Xp. E. Xouppouzrog, Ta Karu tnv lgnv Kai 19nv
rpoyx nopoeryporng oEoyng,reog,rvrovrnv Noeppiou 1916 Kat enxena, Aovivo 1919, o. 102.
iro enoxn on ro r<upiopxo uouroprN npruuo 2. George B. Leon, Greece and the Great Powers, 1914-
1977,Institute for Balkan Studies, eeooooviKn 1974,o.
409.
K.Eorv. 3. Xp. E Xouppozrog, Ta xam Lnv 78nv Kai lqnv
feppovrxrlg Noeppiou 1916Kat enKtvL,a.94.
xoroyoyrig
xur 4. Aur8r, o. 99.
qovonxdg 5. Al)ror.c. ll5.
yeppovrirprog, 6. flo rnv neprnerero rov npooqyov orn Xoo, pe
npoxnpo rnv onooron rous orn foio, xo8g xor yro
xororxoorrlxe
oe
ug eu8uveg rng envrxng roixnong, . ro
06voroyo ro onopvnpoveporo rou emxeEo.-Lng ro exei xrpoxiou rng
porouoro perovrxng xoro.oxoniog, o onoiog ouveoe orn roocoon
Noeppprovri
xor ToDS:J.C. Lawson, Tales of Aegean Intrigue, Chatto and
neOove or4 Windus, ovivo 1920, o. 99 x.e. fro ro xporo npooeuyov,
rpuox{
ro 1920 rroD rerooov ornv Kpnrn nprv ou ro voepprov noyxpp,
. oro iro, o.230 K.e.
7. Xp. E. Xouppozrog, Ta xara rnv 78nv Kai lqnv
Notppiou 1976 Kai enKeva, a. IL9.
8. AurBr,o.118.
9. ADrBr,o. 128.
10. AurBr, o. 195 K.e. Or crvoBepoDopoirou Bevrzoucrn
rov xnpo eixov opxioer on ro nponyopevo xooxoipr'
. Nea E^^ag, 14.7.19L6
I

18
 r9t5 Kooyepuouou.O Bevrzog M6roq
Ocpou6proq cyxoror'incrrnv A0nvo. oxnyoLizer H Avrovr ef,ovoyxozerrov
rogclvioBevrzou-Kcovorcrvrivou rnv llpoooprvn Kuepvnon Ncrr Kovorovrivo vo Eyer oro
yro rnv eiooorng Ei,oogorov ovcrLopoverrnv nyeoicr rng ef,r,neprx.Xro Opvoo eureproxog
Ilpro floyxopro llepo. E8vrxng Apuvog orn Oeooqovixn. yros rou Aef,,clpog.
fTopoirnonBevrzcou.roproprog Kupvnon En. Aolrnpou. lovrog
rupvnongfouvopn xor ipuon Oxr6plog Apon rou onoxeropou.Kuepvnon
touKpporogEBvrxorppovov Eyxpouon ornv Korepivn perof,, Bevrzeouornv A8nvo.
(Uerueno oixo). orporrtouxv uvopecovrov o XuyNnonrng Boungnou cixe
M6rcq xuepvnoer,tv. exeyeiro Moro rou 1915(<Boun
Boueuuregexoyeg.Meynn Nopproq rclv ^ozcrpov)).
leloqrn(piqrr,:v @reeuBepov. Xrnv A8nvo, or xurvotcrvrrvrxoi
Ayouorog clrroKpououvqnoon rov 1918
KupvnonBevrzeou. Ayyoyot'-rv No6pprog
Kr orn ouvxelo
Eenrpprog Tepporizeror o llprog lloyNoprog
cf,onououvnoyxp1revovriov rov
fevxn emotporeuon.Auoon rr,rv llepog.
@reeuBepo-lv (<Noepprcrvcr>).
Ayyoyorov orn Oeoooovixn.
AuoNeropgmg Iloomg EAcrog
Noouyrpouon Kt -rvotqvLivou-
c[ro rnv Avrovr. 1919
Bevrzcou xor cf,ovcryxoopgrou
Aex6pploq lovouptoq
tceuroiou oe nopoirnon.
Avo0epo rou Bevrzouoro fleiov EnvrxocKorpctTCULrK
oolto otnv
KuepvnonA. Zoipn.
()116plog rou Apct-rgK0t ong cnopxicgLng Ouxpovio.
llootog Eoog. Mrog
KupvnonE. Xxououn.
Anoon rou cnvrxouorpoTouorn
Aex6pplog
1917 Eppvn.
Boucurrxcg cr<Aoycg.Anoxn ru-rv
lovou6proq No6pprog
OtccuBepov xcn noprgntpiort'-'v
Euv8nxn Neiyi.
ovncvrzerxtilv. crope pcioon Enionpn rouonrov Enrorpoltrlv.
rov qrneoeopcovxqro ro uo rpiro. Anpituoq
Kupvnon A. Zoipn. r920
r916 M6rog
O envtxgorporos
Mroq
xorcrLolrover rn uuxn
Ilopooon tou Poneoroug
fcppovoouycrpoug. Opoxn (oLnouvcxelcl K0t
rnv Avororr<n).
lovrog
lotuoq
ruKoivr,ron LngAvrovL.
Euv0nrn Eep6v.
KupvnonA. Zoipn xor opon
oorpovurnonncrpoxoro
rns YevlKnseurorpc[euong.
rou Bevrzouoro llopior.
Ipuonrou llove nviou
Bevrzeixcrovtinorvcr ornv
EuveopouE<pepr,rv (IIXE) xcrr
ABnvo xor ooqroviorou
ef,orroonrc,tvEmorporov oe
krvo poyopn.
on rnv EAoo.
Eenr6gploq
Ayouorog
llpoxnpuf,n exoyv.
Doonxor xoronrpnLng
0116ploq
Avcuorxng M0KCovios(Kor
Oovorogrou Aef,crvpou.
Uepousrng urrxng)on roug No6pproq
Bouyopoug.
trxoyrxn ouvrprn rov
Kivnpo. rng E8vrxng Apuvog
@reeuOpcov Ncrr
orn eeooooviKn.
crvoxopnon rou BevrzAou
XrnvoSernpevneniBeon orn
oro ef,coreprr<.
Kuepvnon
yorxn npeoeio.
. Pon.
H Avrnvr urronei rouonrcov
flopoio npoqrngioporo g
Enrorporov.flcrpoirnon Za7pn.
KOI enrorpo{pnrou
Ienr6pproq
Krrrvorovrivou (ro
Kupvnon N.
exppro).
0 rdreunoorpoTnyoq
AvooTlisrog
flonoog,
0uor0orKdq
orpororxrig0pxnydq
oroNoeppprovti
OTEnUTPATOI
EW
O,UIIMOI
NPOAPOMIKOI
,
ffiATEAHI
': rrli,
tou ftoployO. M,qyporor'Aloy
xcOnynrriflovcnrornFiouA0nvcirv
ri oo rnv uprn ppo (rng onxpouong rorv Ayyoyo-
cov)oo Kor rrg enpeveg(rou rorypourcovQre-
euBeporv),onBwg [porqyovrorng rc'rv Noep-
provrirvuunpf,cl or Eniorporor - n uprn UozrKn
opyovoon orn veoenvrxn roropio, trrcenionlto
riro flovenvrogEveopogEqepcov(IIEE). O
IIEE eixe rpu0ei oug opxgIouviou rou 1916xtrr
eixe ef,onio8ei oorponroiq oe oKtrnpn rnv
trAoo, nopono 1rrn yrvrKn onoorpcrreuon
nou eneoen Avrovr orov Kovotowivo. Mero rn
or<nvoSernpevnon roug fooug eniOeon orn
you<nnpeoeiooug 27 Auyouorou,n Avrqvr ei-
20
xe of,,riboerrn rcruonrou IIEE. Ooroo,ourgou-
vexroevo euoupyei,ovcroovKpornBnxe uu vecrn-
yeolo r<orxevrprNeyxoro Xenrppronor yn-
xe on u1norLrnvSrlpooxnUcruKns(oeoveros)
oro Noepprovn.'
H exexuNn ouyycvero rcovEnrotporov Ue (po-
orouxo nor rit-rEUs tlporoecrorottxo rlnpcncr oe
oegxcipegeivcrrnpopcrvnE.OncogonUelovcrKol
o Bevrnpng, or Eniorporor <nopouorozouvovo,\o-
yiog pe rov uurNvqcroropv,rou onoiou npoero-
peBnoov npos roDS feppovoug povopxrxog n
roug e8vrnqrpovctg ooorotorog)).'
H ncpcrorpcurc.nrNn nouoqulcrxn Oeopeiror n
pvn popqn pozrxng opyovoong uou crppzeroe
LlrKpocrororJe - Nor pvo o0 KrcrKresouv8nr<egr<pi-
ong. Aurnv oNptg rn rcryvrr-ron eixe xovet r<crro
fkpoUor yrcrrov uo"\rxo ecroroUotogprxpooouN
xivnpo.
Mrxpooour xivnpcr ootpctgnoov Kr or Eni-
orpror.<llpoepxpevoltK rolJcro...eyrvov,r'ou-
 ii ,r"
l::'l

t\' lr:
.,.1i,,,.
ffi ,Sl!:'' ;t),,, ..;,.

$#
,,@ffi ,p'
,tkl.-
o;'.*'rA'
rl
':i #r''"
4
6 d
4f
e*, Sr

&r,,l,Ssri

ffift ,&M,

s
d
*
axp1, pyovov rpopepogxotvavtxng xat e-
0vrNngonoouvBeoetog>, ypoeet o Bevrnpng, onn-
xvrcrgrrg rpouForlKsgcrvnpooetg rcovoorv.',)lrov
Xtgovoro, or Eniorpctor 0ulrroovroug<opn- ouvOnpcto:<Zita o epycrrngxor ro Neqrocrtovt. Zn- eqepor
KoroDS)mg fcrung Enovcroroong,ncogovoes,
per n yuvoixcr rou.' <Blofroororgxnr encryyepn-
rleg>rougxcrpoKrnprze n Nta Hptpa (23-8-16),n e-
Enpepicr nou Kor' efoxnv rougornprf,e.Hrov o <pr-
rpog xoolrcrxng))Korornv exqpoon rou Iclvrm Me-
rof, nou rougopyovooeKor rous ntnBuve^
Xro xi.rpro,Eniorporor eyrvcrvor prNpor<rnporieg
rng lloorog Ecrog. Xrnv upttreuouoo,ro LrrKpo-
ctorlKoxclpoKrnporou Ktvnpcrrogeurecrrcivei upo-
ncvtg n rre ncrpcrnn ouyxprnon rou llove- ntcv Kor <n creqorroinorg NoronoonOelo
nviou Euveopou Xuvrexvtr,-rvrcrr EpyouNv Ec,-r-
poreiov (llEE) on 45 npoepoug(rov e ABnvorg
Koupurv- KopU(D-
ror fletporei cqrofoxnppcryrrjyrDY
rciw- pupontoorv,xcncrornporcrpxdrvornporciv ep-
yclrov zclxcrponoordv,rexvtotv ef,oproetogxcrr u-
tonoecog orporolJ,nxovoncoponr,-rv,
oovnonor-
Errdvo
v, eqoncopcrrotordrv, NoqrezuBozcrxcrponoortuv,cnrorpdreuoqg
xoqencovK.^r.)), pe npepo rov K. Iyyeon or4vA0rivorou
(u,,wNoupec'rv),euirrlro npepo rov rooxo wrr 19.12. 0r fror
rorn florpiExnr o Booreugl> (/eoHtrtepa,11-8-16).rnpdKsrr0 v0
Me rougtrniorporougo IIEX eixe orevn ouvepyoorcr ouyxporfoouv
Kqr onoenrxouryn.Xpnoipeqrcprcrroro xnr og T0KivquoToJv
eepeer,lvorou IIXE orn ropxercrrng npooxnLrcrrr- Enrorporov
xng rou (<creovcros), Kovovrcrsorn Oeonrou n1ro- r o 1 9 1 6
oreeovclKorvolorg uS ncrpc4roveg
rov Noepprovctv.
ilbre, ro A.E. :ou IIXX ipuoexor <vo>ototrroreio,
p.e
tito <llcrve,\nvrogEvroorg rov BcroroEpvr'tv
llpopc,lv rcovXcolroreic'tv
rng Ecrog>>.
Erxogrou
rov
trAnvcovepyorv Fero rov epyoortirv>(Neo l11re
po, 18-11-16). Tnv iro eroxn, prog,n NctHlrepa
onpeiorvesnernrrxo u o epytlrxg xopog <evr-
zeLizet>(18xor 24'10-16).
H prxpocrouxn crvrennvootoonr6lv Eurorpcrrcov
lrnpooro ornv nounLeupnouern rou oonxou et - )

2l
OTEnUTPATOI

ouyxpovropo uunpf,e trppnxro ouvD(poopevnKo.l

lre rnv crvrioroon rous ornv Avrovr - xcn' ef,,oxnv
exupoornorov Er.LeeuBepov oour<ov nlroxpo-
uv. HpSov pororo ornv emqroverorpoorovrcr o- IorfprogIxonereog.
vuuur<o qvrqvqx^.oorrxo. At<pctioeiypo nopo- Hyenx oree1og
vorcrgouoreeieuroronon <Eniorporo llopropi- rorvEnrorprov,
rn) rrou npoo],],er rov xivuvo <vcr nopoo0n o perfnerroreu0uvrfg
Envropgv Ueperergrnv Pr,rooicrv Ko.lev Uepl rtovypogeiov
ers rous Qpcryyoug(sic), n e OpBoo[,io trg tov r4qBourjg.
flonov> (Nea Hpepa,5-7 16). Kfror,lroyo(i
o4poepevo
ivcrr ornv euoyogo noponropg rc'tv pexdxxrv4 pnoyrti
Enrorpcur,rverrr<ope uo xlnporcr uou
npolrnBeuocrvorov uorN qroorop xcrr
or.oycpgcrvrK vozropo.ctvlorolxo. to on-
povuxrepo Kl ovovnKcltoororo opxrKo
roug uupnvo: ro xivnpo rcov uoorv noLetrrrorv
xor ro E8eovtrxcrEporn (Freikorps)
ornv fto-A.icr
orn feppcrvio. Axtrrn uro tcrrproorgqoivercrr no-
vrog o nopo.-,nropE Lre[opctorpctrrrTrKesopYct-
voerg ncogn yeppovrxn Stahlhelm Kol n ou-
orproxn Heimwehr. Or olrortnregnrv Eurorporov
pe rcrxrvntrrorqouro.eivor nogxor xoipreg:
J. Tlpxettotyro npnv otpcttttirtcgpc npoqotn
rnv epuerpio rou nopou,pe ,u ourn ouvennye-
ror on cruoqrnouoyrxngouveinongKor Utuxo-
oyiog. O uepogoS ouornpcl of,rtilv xo.r oS rpo-
uog zc,rngovnoporiBeror orls of,,iegxor rnv ovrln-
prorr<nunopf,n rov crpcrxovnoudv. Euvenoyeror
pororo evcrvrrruuo oit<top,orpoouvunzer
pe povorNrpno rnv ovemqucrxrn ouooxn tng
repopxicrgKcrrrns uerOo.pxicrg Ue rn oDvrpoqlKorn-

ouyxprnong rng onoreeioro n ouvevoxn rng

ffi:r#r; #v{* gistqpffifr,{{TK#
t{t3*ffixx$$$$$mxgxi{**$ w*wffi11r.ffi.
xpctrxng ef,ouoio.g,nou ef, oproUourcr8rer
uuep-
ffi tr;pnllep*qK*#M{iHr}qx, K{sr# Tev #;g}y#wwy*l' repegevoneguvoperg.
KffiKtrmqlmffiVr'$nm:eJq.*s*'txvvs'*Wwx*Wtx 3. To r<rvnpororo eg(popouvrcttcrureooyio
n, rouoxrorog voorponio.xr pvov ovttoooror-
ouxn, oo xcrr crvuqrreeu8epn, ovrtxorvoou-
euuxn, oxpn Kol crvrtclorlKn n novrog ovn-
no urox par u<n.O exouyxpovropg oe Eree8e-
tnv rornro pupo-
ro, Tnv crl,neyyunr<o.rre-.rxo po oouxo uoiorcrnpooopovercrro:gonel'nrrrn
orq orov xivuvo Kor rrg xoxouxieg. ev upNenor KcrrKoroorpo<prr<n rorr<ooicruou eivor ovoyr<nvo
ontig yrcr noitegnou noptotovouv LouSorporttir- qvoxonei Kor vcroxupoBei pe xo8e peoo.
reg, oo yrcrupnv orporninegnou f,ovopioxouv 4. Avooyn eivot xot n xorvr,tvun ouv0eon ou-
rn xcqlovnroDS(Kolvrru0)). rcirvrcovxrvnpcnov. H nyeoicr roug guorooyrxo o-
2. Aur entuyxoveror oro prpo or<prguou vnxer oe of,,rr,r1ronxogn xor unof,rotlrotrxog,e-
npxeuor yro nopcrorporronrr<n, non xor' ef,o- gepougn Nor pvrlroug(tirogr<orrepoug Kot ve-
xnv orxeiq o' crurougopyovtoon.An rnv iro rng repous). uocrvooyopeynn eivqr xcrr n ouUue-
rn euon, ev npoopizeror yrcr exoyrxeg n cteg roxn qronnrv. A^o n pozo rotv pev onoreei-
erpnvrKScrvolrerpnoerg,otr yro ep.gurone1ro rqr cruUrKpocroroDg n xor prxpoiror<rnregxctpr-
evcrvriovrou (rooreprKo ex8po>.Ayoguuopf,ng noug.Me oo yro,ctuouoto.zouv oroOnrqroon
rng eivnr n xpnon io.gyro rnv oor<npr,tur<neur- xo.0quroorrxn Lof,noo Kclrn cpYclrlKn.
r<pornonKor rnv ef,vrolon(notrr<n n xor roo- Yuopxouv pcLrgtouoxrorov rpels xpiorpeg to-
yrxn) rou ovuuo.Lou. Avoyxcrio npouBeon rng eopS,nou ef,nyouv tr",r,tore yroti or Eniorporor

22
;,,'i$''i
::li;;;
:.i:l:
iu'llt
:.ril *f
o '.' ''E
$ rproxonntov eprropoUrroKonr,tvA0nvv xcrr
,'j;u
,f
evgeref,eix8nr<ovoe yvnoro qrcrorouxxivnpo,
na4 ricogor hooi oproyoitoug.
flpdno npro, orxog roug ev ruclv n epycrrKn
ro[n, oo n aouKn. To ororxeio our, nou eme-
orverrn prKpooouxn ooroon rcovEmorpctotv,
unoypcqrlrizerxcrr o Bevrnpng. Aev eivor progoe
Oeonxor vo ro eplrnveuoer,oEo Beervq trore-
er u: <Hoqv rexvnrv notrr<v pycrvov,f,evov
trposrnv quorooyrxnvpopEnv rng veoenvrxng
xorvorviog.Auornpo xcrr xr ociilro xorvc'tvlKv>.t
Mvov n uonrr<noxonrprnro ef,,nyeirnv crrEvi-
to e8eoruEiorou oro ontrreioour. llpcryporr, n
uwiOernnopooxn 8o onyouoeoe oulrnepcroporo
uoopeoroxcrruooirovoylcl rous @reeuBepoug.
H rquon rns rnxctpnlronxng oouxng rcrf,ngpe
ro Kppo @reeu8epiov exnovrqv ro 1916pe ro epyorrxn ouvrr<oro,oq or elrnoprxoi oo-
rov [crvnyuprxrepo rpono. Tnv enoxn oxprotg
nou f,,exrvouoero xivnpo rc'rv Enrorporov, o Bevr-
zeogef,eqpcrzrrnv eDyvopoovn rou yrcr (rnv o-
vqoiotov eprrroroouvnv rng rcrf,,erlgrotv elrn-
pov Kcu ropnxcrvc'tv>o efllporrn rous rou rov t-
rroxeE8nxe (Nea Hpepa, 20-6-16). Avriororxo,
rcruuzrov onuro ro xopponN pe ro rcrf,rx pi-
oogTttlvprKpoooruivEnroLport-rv vtcl rnv eUnoplKn
ric'rgoouxn rcrf,n.Tov Ayouoro rou 1916,ro ou-
onrnprcrroug ev orpeeovrcl pvov evcrvriovrou
(oupeerou) rov oorpctrDrov Kol <pro0opvr,tv>
npooeuycJvoAcrNcrrevqvriov rov <yvoorv ucr-
Ilerporg>, utogrneypoEooovou roug Mocr-
oug(A/eoHltepa, 18-8-16).
flponupyro rng epnoplKng oouxng rcrf,ng xor
rcrurxpovo [po[upyro rc,tv @reeuBpr,tvornv
xoprorns rrporrr-Douoog nLovro roroprxepnoprx
Kvrpo, pe KUproDSof,oveg ug oog Eppou r<or
Arou. Aur crrprrig yrve upotropxrxg orxog
rcovEurorporotv.Ou xct' ef,oxnv ro eploprxo xo-
roornprcr eivor euncoroornv oxoxporio ev cr-
nauei rroirepn ef,nynon. Onrogonpoeovrovop-
yrepo croro Koroornporcr rrrrvEpoic'tv, onpcr-
ernNcrvornv ABnvo ro xoroornporcr rov @re- Eoroypogio
rou
euOepr,rvpe xr<xrvn trrnoyro, uS rrcrpcrUovesrov Nrx{rofpionou
Noepprovrirv(Eotia, 13-11-16).To uooiovo oup- epnveuopev4ond
ov upoxoeoe pororo rcrnpoorov @oupvro.r rovE0vrxri
evrovn noppoon rou, xr,rpigpcogonoreeopo.,n Arloop
Xro npooclurx euineo, ev eivor pepovopevn
n nepinrcoonrou Elrpovoun-L Mnevxn, xnr' ef,o-
xnv eNnpoorillouKol oupournE peyoooouxng
rof,,ngrng roonopcrg.H enrexuxn povio rcovEur-
orportov orcr NoelrprovcrorpoEnr<exr pvov evo-
vriov Kpnrv xor MrxpoororciV okr xo.r evovriov
epnpc'rv(Nea Hptpa,22-ll-76). Mro. rroro uepi-
urcoon npocrl,).erorpororo on rn Nea Hptpa
(9-12-16)Ue rov eDpnlronxriro <O a4toxapng e-
ffiaffirx*wpffiT.ffi
{AK{*w ecffiffivmx*
wffi wffixffi,weffiaxffi*wza
ffi# w{${y#rr$K*{1k*str
pKK*
vffiY.z mYffiw!|i#bfffi
Ltnopog), uou ooEog ev uopouepner pvo oro
rppovnporclrou, oo npoopizcrorvo evepyonorn-
oer Kctl rof,rxcr ovrovo.xoouNcr.ev eivor pvov
ourguou nupooouoeroxo on ro oniu rou, cr-
q xqr ourguou <niver ro oipo rou oou>.
Teog,oro neio rrrtveuoyyeportKovopyovoe-
oV nporopxrxg orxog rcov Emorpcrov ev nrov
yor. Ernv upcrrreouoo,n yevrr<n ouveuon tou
trpuoprxo EuyouABnvv ef,,ovoyxoornxe vo
r<oOorpeoer <rcrong> rov npepo A. Avooto-
orn xor rov rolrio II. Xo-},ouxn, <qruyorr<ou-
vrog>. Tnv enolrvn, puopooov neov or <trrero-
vonocrvreg>pnopor vo rrcrpouolcrorov orov Kcov )
23
 d:.r sq}| " .&b!.nJiF!9{4ta *..
*'
r .,Wl,se q***Fjis ii ' = *
; ,r'rtr,i. ii,:iar',,"..! -*e.. ,**.8'
,:v$r*, - *@lsffi
ffid#4*f......,4* @
OTEnUTPATOI
ffi
i - ' ;
A0qvofor $ s'lt i

e0eovreg,yrorqv orcrvrivo (Nea Hpepa, 24 r<cu25-72-76).Xrnv IIcr- *

6Mx6nr'$rl@ \I%
onxpouoqrov rpcr,ovriBercr,n npvnon rou exei XuyouErocr- *
Ayyoyrialv,
yoyrKou trpuopiou vcr crnooN4xroertov Bevrzeo
'{' *lir 'rd$'$,,11
,ili;*.;1,,.,,,,
;ff *
r
rpdvero ouooind oov <nporn> upoxoeoern ounqrnrou [poe-
rouqospopuxrpou N. Zoo xor oorvxoOg xor rn rouon
rnql-lxoqrou ouAyou.'Ernv Koopcuo,eniong, npoquo-
I
xiornxe o npepogrou Epuoprxo Euyouyro
<eoxorn npoooio> (Nea Hpepa, 17-12-16).
ev unnpf,ov, xorcl ouvuero,or Eniorporor p-
d
yovo UroScrpxouoogrof,ng yoroxrnpvcov xor ro-
pnxovcrrv,ncogor o1royoirorjs orn Bpero hoLio jil; '
Kclrorn leppcrvio. Oure ef,ooqcrrocrv,
Nct' enxrcr-
on, rn pov4rrepn ovoxn tou crouxoKporous,Fe- fi
rcrrnv nolrxn peroon rou 1917.
erepn xpiorpn roEopo evronizeror oro neio
to.o e1vtxtolto. Xe ouyxpron pcrrorcrtrrernv fto-
io, or Eniorporor ouoreouvroperprxcrcrvri8ern
rcpinLu-ron.Exci. Lo pcporo nou opyrcpoxoLe-
nf,ov oro <poorop,ncogxor o irog o Mor,'ooi-
vr, f,er<ivnoov o.n ro xivnpo nou exiooe rn oup-
Ueroxn rng xpcrgorov llpro flcryNoprollepo,
;f,

ffs*x*{ ffiq ffitrwf'

#nwrxqW.w txryn*"Wwsa#'*rryp*wr*ss
{S**}*!if {}qy,fs {tm&{nm*f
,rr erfmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm ,!
* t-4w'f 4
r*tkf*x* uq}ew . ,{r'
; {4q.ir}?

r. '

*pY#{,hvw*zffir*3w twd#*ffix{k&,t

pe rnv neupo rng Avrovr. Xrnv Eoo, or Eni- VIoU fIpoVopICrKn oxon Ue cr^DTpt'rToDSIoIIoUE KOI
orpc[or oyc,rviornxcv oxprg Ylcr v0. crilorpeqrouv nnOuopoug.
crutro evexpevo.
llcpo ug ovf,oegpeyoooropiesKor r1Spopcr- rpirn xor oorporigxprorprepn roEopo
vuKeg qovrooroerg yupc'rcrn ro puBo rou Krrrv- ovoyetorato ooultoto Lrovopxropou Kor
orovrivou <IB'>, or Eniorporor ev epgopovrov o- eoroUoD.O <povcrpxoEooropg> (rog
n evcrveBvrxrop enrBeux, ourptouxn Kol 1- ovolrcrornxecpytepcr)eivor ef,,crpxngro-
pneprnrour<.Toug xo.poxrnprze evo.Silorpluru- rnrxoopevogvo peiver orengKclr crvo-
allog eoaorpetpng, aut prcrrng llcrorog Eoog. .\oxnpcorogqooropg.llopo ug uoregouyxupro-
Og xor' ef,oxnv euyorro eiypcr crpxei e pin xeg oulruroers Kor ouyNioerg,oe teeutoio ovo-
rppoon on rn Eovouxn ovuevrzerxn e<pnpepi- uon povcrpxropgxor qooropgonoreovprzrxo
a Epnp1, nou oxoiooov xeucrouxo n Eoria ooporo ouornlroro. Me oo yro, ev pnopei
(27-8-76)xanor Katpoi (28-B16):<oueigEnv0o. xoverg vo t-ivor rourxpovo UovclpxrKogxcrr tpcroi
in per' ouo8eiogrougleppovoouycrpoug rpBclo- orcls,pe rnv nnpn onpooio Kcu rov o pcov.H
vros srg rnv oproov>r!H onoOero,rpoEovrig, roi- roroprKn epnerpio xcoprirvnog n Iroio, n leppo-
prcrzepvo oo or leppcloouynpor nepropizo- vicr xor n Iouovicr eurecrrr,rver
ou-\oro crurnrn
vrcrv vo xoroopovouv rpnporo rng Moxeoviog. toyvt'-'on.lot-'Eporoto eivor LooflpoqovnSo-
Xe onurnovrrororxroLl{'crDTn rnv flfploplol;o- ore, nog qrcrivercrr,
ev crnooxnoerrcrirepoug
vn eBvrNnovtinqrn proNrovNor o pororopg crrpUoveg ouznrnorgnepi Eooropou.To ooupo-
rov Eurorpctrrrv evcrvriovrc-rvMrNpcrorotv. frcr rov ro Uovopxrolroxor <pooropou rrpoKurrreron rpeig
IIEE, noov <or EnVqr,-rvor f,evouorNor f,evo- rouaxrorovoneverougyoug:
nnr<rorupoguyeg>(Na Hpepa, 20-8-16).Me (o) Og eucvnorcurxn n nnvrcogovorpeuuxn u-
nnpn ovuorpoEn rou eOvrxropo,or npoquyeg vcrpn, o tpcroropg neprqrpoveicrButoroKor orrop-
yrvov or <Epoior>rov Enrorpctov Kol yevrxre- pinrer xr ong rnv xorvooueuuxnnpoxpo-
po rou Avuevrzeropou,yro uo rounxrorove- rio, o}o ougounnv roug nopoooroxoug
xcrerieg.AvriOerq,ro qroorouxoxrvntrroro.eixov no- noruxog Beogog,cogroroprxo f,euepoopvoug.

24
 - $ ! .

xcrplopc[rKou cpxnyo onrpe\ye re],rKo ro svex-

pevo vo Ueregerxoovor Eniorporol oe o^oKn-
poUvo(xor oornpouK) (poorouKKivnuo, o-
nos or ftooi n feppovoi o1royoiroug.
To ito znrngo qurrizrKor TnvnpoorurrrKnrrepi-
rrolon rou IcoovvnMetof,n, oDurrnp[e, ncogpoi-
vror, opycrvc)rnsKor xoSonynrng rcDVE[rorpct-
rov. Oo.upeneyr' crurvcrcrvcryvoproOei xr pvov
os eQeupernsrou EoorouoD ornv Eoo, oo
Kor oS rp(Droupog reBvg.AvriSern U ,r1voUi-
zsror, frporoorornoeoro npro gcroroNeyxeipn-
Uo eiKoor o}Nnpo xpvro [prv o rnv 4n Au-
yoorou,rroDKcrro.roro KoKSBeopeiroroKrn cr-
vrlvpcrQnKr clnopipnon f,evrrtvilpor[ov. fJor-
oo, n npooorrrxn rpoyroiorou Merof,o nrov u ro
nproupynpcun rou, porpoio, ncrppervovovoi.o-
xnpcoro,roo ornv nprn <poon(or Euiorpcnor)o-
oo Kcu orn eurepn (n EON), ee' oov o irog ucr-
pcprve oprrogrou Fovcrpxropou.ev eivor iycr
ro onpeio rcv Hltepooyiou tov ilou Fropouv vcl
eppnveuBouvUCro rrpiogoouL.

'HMEICJEEI'
q F: 1. Avourrxrepo oro rio ltov EBvtxg Atxaopg t<at
t'"'*' |le pazrcn opyavaon: 7. Ot Eniorparct rcD 7916,ABnvo 1996.
F ''*;','t*'9": 2. f. Bevrnpn, H E^^ag rcu 7910-1920,A8nvo 1931,r. B , o.
)+ + f*t- t47.
i *"# S* 3. O. n., o. 148. H DloypcrUUronrxn pou.
4. fI. E. eto, Eeu0eptog K. Bcvtzog (Apxtio rng II.E.
A t L a A ) . A B n v o 1 9 7 8o
. . 25
5. l. Bevrnpn, H EaS rcD 1910-1920,ABnvo 1931,r. B, o. Toerepo
Kot' ef,oxnvroxer ro iro yro rov opxcrrrepo,nou
147. Qo0r0TrKd
eivor oxprcirgn x).npovolnxn ooreicr.
6 O. n., oo. 249 :Kar259. eYxsip4u0
() OSooxnporrxooornpo. o qooropSci-
7 B. K. Aozopn, Ilotrmn rcTopia rng llorpag, ABnvo 1986, rouMeroqfps
vor ovorovo vooucrroern vo oqrqrro8ei pe r. B, o. 101,xor A. A. Mopoon, rqvEoN
ro ovef,eyxrorng oorrxng ef,ouoiog,ooonflo- IoLopia LnEII1tpoS, floeo
Ie oupplKvoJusvns.Kou rroro Bcrnrov oeopnrrxo 1983,oo. 85-86. I
erprrrpvo crvouvenrnre o eopeosrng UErov op-
xny rou qoorouKoKrvnUflos. Aur pr,tgKor'op-
xnv ouoxl,eieror yro rov eupevoyo.
(y) OgxopropouKKivnpo. o eootopSouveno-
yrcuoS nyrn evov (ultepov8porro) orroonltore
oDronUroDpyruo - orov ovrilloo crNprgrou ru-
xoiou rKorouxoDTnSef, oigorog vp4rng rooxng,
IIou eivcrroDUeunSUs rnv xnpovoprxn ooreio.
Arpn Kor ornv [epilroon rou Kovorcrvrivou,nou
0IIeKrnoKcrl frpooonrx xopropo os vrKnQopos
<Xrpcunorng),gcrivsror ovo.rrEcuKrovo Dnepr-
oxern Oeoprxn, oorrxn rrrnro,oeou eivol e-
reivn nou eulleprxel xnr eyyuoror tn npxeta
Kor Korcrrouro utrepexerouvrprnuKo. Oer,tpnrrxo,
Uvovn yKolpn ef,oogcrnro eopeuux noi-
olo rou crorrxouOeopo0o enerpele oe Korrorov
ocl rov Kr,rvorcrvrivovo yiver onBwg Fhrer
eoorouKv nporoypo.rpv.Kcur reroro trrog u-
unpf,e Nor omv trcroKr novro orcrvnro.
Eror, n eopvn Beon rou irou rou oorro cog
llpo:on,q
Iannrng
Ntrerofi,og
(1871-1941)
Kopugoioq enrre^rxg olroporrxg
gxBr ro 1917, opxnyq rou KFpqroq
r(|)n E^euopogpvtov on ro 1922
Kdr rr^rK rxr6ropoq cn ro 1936
6 r 6 x p rr o ' 1 9 4 1 , o n 6 r e n g d v e ( | ) q
evrK6q nyTnq per6 ro OXI nou
ovT6ro{e oro rrorK T^Esiypq(po.
O0oFevoq oxr Fvo on dxpqid
yEpuorroerid, oAAd xor un
ndeooyrKn eFndoerd irqvriov rou
Bevr(riou, o Mero{oq norq
nporqyrvrorrro xor epnpnorrKo p6o
orov Eovrxd Arxdol.lo ro 1915-17, yto
rov onoio (poiverdr orl pelovnoe
Aiy@ rlprv neevr. A\r0plnoq r@v
fepuvdrv Kq! Unroros Tou
K,rrorvrivou, unrip{e o Kor' cqoxhv
eFnveuorns rng von^ng oyKpouonq
He rouq AyyAoyooug oTo
Noepprovo. Ynipte enionq o qeovnq
opyovrdrnq xor xooonynrnq rurv
Enrorpdrtov, rouAxrorov on To
EenrHpro rou 1916 Fexp. Kdl ro
hloep8prov. l'r'our6 toore Kol
nrov o p6voq nou Kor(!lKornKa
(epnpnv) oE evqro yro <(unoKivnon
eH(Puiou no^6;rou', 6Tdv 6ytve n iKn
Tou npdrnv Enr:e^eiou'ro 1919-2O. O
iroq eetpooe rnv opydvt,ron rtov
Enlorp6rorv ((urrvio 6{o" rou.
26
Ionwng
f. Eoyrg
(r B7B-1932)
Arxnypoq dn Tnv enopxiq
KoAoprov, nl0qvToro ouyyevns
rou NrKoou toyl, yopnpo rou
AnUnrpiou fovopn. noUnoe rq
eepoq ovgunooxoyq orous
BuKqvrxoq n0^6Fouq.
r|opoonpogopnFvoS Tpqupqridq rnq
Foxnq rou KrKiq, ge ovdnnpo xpl.
npoepoq r(t)v Enlorporov (6noh
rou nEEl on rrg 13 EenrEupiou
't916 p6xpr rn ruon rouq rov
lovoupro rou 1 91 7, ouvcpyornK
oTev6 Fe rov Maroq,6, rov l'ovopn
Kqr rov iro rov Kovorovrivo, nou rou
eqepooe Fo^roro rnv *euopoxer.
ToU yl(| TO ,,pvo. r(r,v Entorpr(ov oTo
NoeFprovd. Irn iKn Vro ro
Noegprsvd, nou 6yrve ro 1919, o
Eoyrq xpdrnoe o{ro0pnvnrn ort:on,
qpvoFavoq KOe euovn.
Korqlxdornxe oe Ovoro, o 6 ev
KTel6ornKe. Mer ro 192O, o:(Iytq
oupgarixe orov Koppqrrx nuphvo
Tou Mcrqq6. Anpropynoe ro 192tr
rov llovefivro Aoix6 llorrrx
EAoyo, Ue onoyonreurrxo purq
onoreAfoporo, Koedrq n p6(o rov
noltirv Enlorporov eixe nn vrdx0ei
orouq ronrKoq ^diKoq no^rrr|(oq
iuyoug, non oro KFFo rou
fovopn {nou r6re oKprdrc
UerovopogrnKe <AoiK6D).
Anpnrprog
fI. fovopng
( l 867-1922)
Arxnypog xqr noArrr[q on rnv
tlrpo, Arfqreuoe perd ro 19O9 nq
npoooKieq oorv rov eerpooov
..npooeurrK-. O K||,vorovrivoq rov
xpro ro Oepou6pro rou 1915
no^rrrK opxny6 rng ovrrevr(elxiq
nop6rcnng, ropi(ovrdq rov
np<oounoupy (poovTr dn^q
ou^eu"6s) pe"6 rnv npd)Tn
nopoiTnon Tou Bevt<6ou. Tre pvo
ipuoe o fovdpnq rK rou xppo:
To KUFo rrv E0vrxorpp6vt,lrr,
pTnerrd ^diK. Mxpr rnv exrri^eoir
Tou ro 1922, unnpte o
oroptprorirnroq norrrxg nyTnS
Tou ovrrevr(e^roFo. An6 no^ vopiq
onoixrnxe eUno0nq Kdr oioroxroq
onvovrr orous norrrKoS rou
ovrrndoug, enrxporrivrog xor xnore
enroiovroq onpooxn;rorroro oq
<rner^yrrn xp6on r.rpriq iqq. no^ oi
Tou qnroov rn nproupyio rrov
Enrorp6rrov, evd, o iros n(')ve
unoKprrrKo orr <ou6ro9 ouv6erqr,'
Fq(i Touq. Moovrr xtopig enionpn
xuepvnuxn rrornrq n^6ov, 6norq,e
xewrprx6 po orq NoeFprovd, oe
orevh eno<pri ge rov Merol6 xor rov
Ioyr.

Aror[nrrKo EupBouliou rng Eovlxfig
Erdtpeioq, nou nopoupe rnv EM6o
qrov oruxn nego rou 1897.
Aropiornxe on tov Korvorovrivo
np(|)eunoupyq ro Eenrriuplo rou
l9l6 xol on Tn O6on ourri eixe
runrK Tnv auevn ylo ro Noepprov.
. H qpTepn ioog euovn rou, rioq
orq nveuForrxo ov0pdlnou, eivor rl
rxoloynoe ro rrly;r rov
Or^e^eu06pr.w pe. in' pvnpelriln
e p6o]n *Ta Krorroro It Ev rd
oueyeverdnA pa9,! To 1919, n
ru6pvnon Bevt(6ou rov e{,proe
ornv Ypo'iut FeT6 orn :K6n^o, ue
ouvnero vo qpptrorfioel Kol vo
nee6vcl (ornvAORvol. H r6pn rou
^ivo novrpeTnre ro ouve{plor Tou
Ilovoyli Too6pn, ouvepy6rn xol
r6oxo rou fovopn ornv nyeoio rou
AdiKo K6pporog.
d
I
{
I
Avu s wr Ooupv
(1843-1s2s)
E0vrxg euepyrng, ycwnpvoq ornrr
Epponon, o^,1 KoroyFvoq on
Tnv Ko^opTo. Meyo^Fnopos ornv
Ae{6vpero, evroroorenx ro I 9lO
ornv Aoftvq. An TouC npdrrous
unoornprKr6q xor ouvepyorq rou
Bevr(6ou. Bou^eurfr S ArrlKoorlTiog
Kor unoupyq Feorpyio(, Epnopiou x;
Bropnxoviuq F6xpr ro 1913. Aripopxoq,
Aonuoirv qn To 1914 |,)S To
Noegprov. Oq nuopxoq Kot rq
peyoooorg unrip{e, Oeo;rlx xol
Korv)vrK6, o nlo enrrpovfq oroxog rou
K)vorovrrvlKo oxou rn l9n ongeitr rng nporreouoog. Bp60nxe
NocFpiou. Onorg nepryp6gel n K6pn
rou flnveA6nn :. A6T0 oro
nuepovro rnq, nol6p[noov ro onirl
rou (on;reprv6 Mouoeio Mnev6xnl xol
nopo^iyo vo rov lvropouv, nptv
onyneei oro Unouvrpopl. Mer6 rnv
Fnerpio rou 1916, o Mnevxng
ey|(or6^err rnv E^oo F6rq
x6proov or ovrlevr(c^rKoi TIS
EKoy6q rou 1920 rol 6pelve orn
Foio p6xpr ro 1924. Mvo r6re
enorpce ornv Aolivo, nou
rrtirruoe Uxpr ro Odvor rou.
Aouoiros Nropriz
(1856- ...)
f6^oq vodpxoq, nou 6yrve 60e^o
rou nprroy{rvrorriq rtrv Noepptovdrv
dn Tny neup rnq Avrovr, oq
rorKnrris Tou ouFFoxtKo or^ou.
nopon^ovnp6voq olr rov noiopxo
Pox<p6ry, vourtx ox6ou0o rol
enrxe<po6g rrov yoAlr<rbv FuorlKdrv
unnpeor(v ornv A0ftvo, o xql on6
rov iro row Kovorovrivo, v
nepiFeva 6Tr Od npo^noei 6vonn
qvrioroon oro atyfrpor6 Tou, nou
enpftGrro rn l8n NoeFpiou vo
|(oroouv oploFvo orpornylr
ror xqr o iroq neprxuxlop6vog oro
Zonnero. Ern Foiq Oe(r)prienfie
uneOuvoq yro pio enoveirorn irrrq
Kor nlKpienKe yto Tn ..x^lopfiD OTon
Tou, eud, Tou qgolpenxe Kql n
roixnon rou. O Bevrnpnq prq
rovi(er rr rou orpeierot e^ nvtKti
euwrFoovn, enelli ev npox(pno
oe 6vo xoroorpenrrx opoptop
TnS Aoftvdq, Foov6rr eixe Kol rd
F6oo ilor rnv o(PopFri ylt our6.
27
0 rdrerfolog
Ktovorovrivogpe
yeppovrrri
orori
Kor0 Yuvor-
xdeqg rou
Kdr(epBfXeU
B'oeyeppoux
orporrorrxf
yulrvrioro
nprv
ondrrlvexpq{q
rounoepou.
Irqv onevovrr
oefo:ntivtrr,
o
popvog Ievx,
enxegot|g rrlg
Ytpli0vrKlq
nponoyvog
orqvE60.
Kro,o
0tixev;1uou(ev,
feppovg
orporrorrxdg
uxou0oq

NO/|ITIK
IEPM'{NIKH
(OYAE
ffiEMHNIKH
 r
I
i

**-***r--**-

TouKoN:TANltNoY Aov,lctv
Lfxropctllapor,trglt;ropicrq
I loventc;rnptor-r
AOnc'x

erxovq nou ov0OtKvetoron rn pe^ern rcDVrr11-

yv rou yeplrovrKouunoupyelouEf,o.neprxv,oxe-
rrxcr pe rn eypevnuonrxn ouereprntag tots
oorrcrKtovorcrwivou Koro rn ropxerarng xpi-
o n s 1 9l 5 - j 7 .e n t c o t t - r vorttt l p x c r r o ri l c p i c v o g
puOou uou xo.l.}'epyn8nKe oil rn oorrxn ncr-
pcuof,n oe ouvepyooioIr0 rn yepFovrKn nyeoicr.To
Bepoivo ev ennpecrzecrutirgng onoqrooergrou,
oo NcrBonyouo r1gevrpyelSroD,ouvrovrzertg
cfloQesKOIus ouv|vvonofls rou pr Inv roupKrKn
xor rn ouycrprxnxuepvnon Kor xpnlroroorou-
ax ttlv ouereprnta xan rov npoex"\oyrx oyrilvo
rtlv oorArxv. ,.... .1.*" .,.ri
Ern ropxerorc,rvouyxpooeorvpe tn evrzeLrxn
uopctrof,n,rcovncrpepnotuv Kcll ouxvcrcrqpnrov
Ineoeoy nou croxoocrv or uvopergrng Avrcvr orov
Kovorcryrivo yro vcrryKorcreiqertnv ouettprn- l
ra, euoupyouoperctguA0nvog Kor Bepoivoue- i

vo erllKorv(t)vrcrN ir<ruo,uou upoqrovgeixe rcr-

pop<pc,r8ei nounprv crnrnv ovoo rou aorrcroro
Opvo.Bcrorxoi flpo]rcryovroreenoGVn croiroocr
EoEio, uou ouxvcr ruKorvcdvooe ol' euBelogpe
rov oego rng Karzep Bixep B'Ncrr rng orroiog
or nnpoeopieg xcorNonorouvrovcognpoepxpe- i'
vsg (oro aoqan nnyh>, o I. Merof,,g,o A. lo-
vopns, o f. Erpeu, o N. Oeorxng x.n. Arr yep-
LrovlKngueupognporoyorvrorlNpo ncrrzcrvo
orpnolrKog oxouOog@xevxoouzevKol o -
vnnpotrrnogrng roUnxovicrgefonropriv Tioev,
ttpvogEevr, nou eixe peiver ornv A0nrro uorpcr
crn ncrpepcronrou Bepoivou. An ex8eon rou
vsppclvrKou EnrrtAciounpos ro orxr-iounoupyrio
trf,0-rreprxvyvt'rplzoutrre cniong ou pouocxcrrvo
xocr opycltrpevo ir<ruo oropo1 nov <epyaorn-
xav evtpya> yr rn yepUcrvrKnnpsoeio, nog or
Eu. xor f. Mepxopng, o I. Mercrf,,crg, (pnrcLoE
rpiAog>rou @crNevxcroDzey o I. Kopoirng, knpo-
KLopag>rou feppcrvou orporrorrr<oKooBoD, o
B. Krinep, <npaxropaE>rng npeoeiog,noE xnr )

IEP0THTAII
lqrr-I9L7

o rroBnxoprosrou oorm, Nt6Evep, No8g

r<trro exrngMrovep, o onoiog npooieue rnv
<nponaYavtouxn oYotexv ia>.
H eurppon uou ooxooero ueprcr.Lov rou Kov-
otcrvtivou nrov xo0oprouxng onlrooiog yro rn rcr-
ppEoon tov ouogooev rou. fru ncrpoerytrro, rnv
ovorf,n 1915 ev olper rns rrporoons rng Avrovr vcr
oulrlrertroxer n Ectoornv emxeipnon evovrlov
mg Toupxicrgornv Kcrinon pe crvro'ctypo- ey-
yunoerg Ylcr tnv or<eporrrnorng EoctgKctl rov
vnorv, xoBg ror rn B. Hnerpo, n Eo<pict zhtnoe o-
n rov Korzep vn upoeronotnoer rov Kr,rvorqvtivo
vo Unv eyxotoeiryer tnv ouereprnra. Or ro-
upoypoteoergperof, tou Kr,lvotcrvrivour<ot tou
Korzep rornf,ov rov Ayouoro oe Frct oerpo or-
rnporr,lv rou norrcr,lt'lg eyyunoers YIo Inv oKe-
portnro tng xpog, rcroEo.Lrontng Koroxns rov
vnorcitv,npoorooio rotv Envrovrng M. Aorog, or-

q K'*a.K6,x}w{r Ko-rvorcr-
F,lisrx {xsp #Y;13ffi
* ffixxxc{ift * ti,ilffi KffiwK*w*L :
vrivo vo o- !*.
x,tqKp*#tt}q *ffiffi^&?
Kffi:r#Kr'*{Semgxtce*et nooer rov i

mx* nx{3v &'ng{i,r,

{ffi*&ffi${vrucxx*:$a wg:*ffi*r, Bevrzeo,tiote vct
onoqreuxOei<<ntoLi-
oBnon>>rng E..cto.g otov
nepo.Micr oulrounnou o cr-
orrog o,r<ooBnoe pe <<euxapiotnon>>,
xovolnr<n onBerq xoro xcrr percrrov repo, upo- neiBovrogerol rn yeppovrr<nneupo ott <<Ba ouve-
ooprnon rou Movoornpiou, rng [eploxng rng Oxpi- xioet tn Aeypevn noAtrtxn ouereprntag ooo
crg,ocrvrxgneproxeg-1xrtrovB. Hnerpo- ror yivetat ilepuoootpo>>. Af,roonpeitoto eivot tr o
unoxeon yro ro Aroexcrvnoq. O Ko.rzepro crnoe- npo8uuoupyg Zoipng, nou rcrexBme rov Bevt-
xBnxe pe r<onoregemtpuof,erg, n.x. Yrctrn Moxe- zeo, ev nrov evnpepopvogyro ug rcrnpoypo-
ovio, r<o.rrroperlepqteo0 noponepo ouvoprieg reoergtou Kcovorovtivoupe rn Eqro.ror rnv flu-
trrerof,urng xupvnongrou r<orrou npeoeurnN. n, nou ref,oyovtovrnv iro uepioo auro oor-
Oeorxn. Exeuxo.Ue rlg cvnouxieg tou crorrcr e- ro, rov Merof,o Kot rov npxny rou envrxou
f,oniog prog eupeiog rng
enr<roong Bouyopiog, tou truueeioucrE'evEKctrrov Toupxo orportorrx ct-
unooxe8me to Eeureppro u ourn 0o crvnoroB- NtrouBooqr' erpou.EulrqrovnBnxepcrrorcrvo o-
Avnmpfr4yog prorei 1reelexrqon rng Eoogornv Aprorrxn
K. noorcr..eiornv Kotvotovrrvono.'no eprrlorog ror:
Kofpnq.EfXero Kcrlrov roeoicooeu peto rov nepo8o tppo- oorro Ko-I'pynS, yro ouvoprieg ge roug
yevrxdnporoypovrioer yro tnv cvonruf,n tprrrv oxoeolvpetof, Ev6p nao, Toot xor Xo-2\J-I'pu6n.
oroNosupptovriELcroSxcrr Bouyopiog. To Bepoivo nrov novro evnUepopevo Yrcl ro
rou
oq lorKnTfs Orcrvro qBrvnoporou 1915n ouYKpoDonUerov oxexrrou oorrxoneproovtog,urogYr rnv
A'Xfporog Bevrzeo pror<rovoe ef,opon. o Ktovorovrivog nprcron rou Mercrf,,ovo x}n8ov oto orpctto ol
Irporo znrnoe on rov Korzep pnrn roeoiolon ou uporpuyegort rnv Toupxio.,ore vq Unv prrope-
oulyoprxtr orporeporo ev Bcrrcttnoouv e}nvr- oouv vcl EnEioouv uilp rou Bevrzououg emr<ei-
x ogog,ru, log tvrzt, <1tvov eLolPou t- pevegexoygrou exeppiou1915.Ooroon yep-
vat etptxt, va npartto ooyivemt xaAtepa oup- pcrvrr<nneupo,nopo ug roeqroergrou Mero-
(p@vape rc nveupa oott>.H Beuxn quovtnon tou f,cr,eixe c4rEroiegNoro loov n orpcrrouKn nYe-
Korzepouvoeutcrv qn tnv unpvnon tt ro ot- oicr nrov oe Beon vcr eeyf,errcr groevrzerxo
rnlro rou routizerot Ue rnv eurOulrio rou riou, vcr ororxeio oe nepiuroon eui8eong ouyoprr<rlvorpo-
pn ref,o.xOov orporr,tuxgemxerpnoergoe eln- reulrcnov xoro tclv oulrpoxrxv orn Oeoocrovixn,
vrN otpogon ouyoprrcr,oItr ore Kor or pe onoteopo vq ovonOein uonoinon tng.
yeppovrxo orporeporo. Ee ovuoroOpropcrourv Or yeppovrxoi evoroopoi ouor<o.Lumouvu, no-
rr,rvulooxoerov,o unoupygEf,tlteprxv, nyxo' pa ug yeppovrxgunooxoerg,n np8eonYro rnv
zitnoe poor rou npeoeurn Mippnox ou tov eroon ouyoprr<votporeulrorov oe envrro

30
 Hpooirooo
vorxro oro rreup rov KvrprKv uvopecov,o e Iorpiu,
Kr,tvorovrivogcrpvnOnrepe ro enrxeipnpo n rote ueqfrou
n Avrovr 8o norolopove o ro vnorq. Kdr(ep.
l-lrorti
f Arpn o Merof,og eixe nporeiver ro @epouopro mqfeppuvio
,f 1916rnv of,,rouoinonrou opvrutKou qvrixrulou rrou xorpom{pro
eixe orov nn8uolr o uepropropgerooyoyvnpn_ unepTov
rploK(DVxor nerpeoiouorn xpo on rnv Avrovt, n oupqepdvrtovr4q
rgl, ouoio pog rxoiog uuonreurcrvu pe ro uerporo
..*l rpoEoorouvrovro yeppvrxo unopuxro.

f {,,; t
ilopcl rrg uoNoieguou ovrrlrerrrze, o Kovoro_
vrrvos rropepeveoperoxivruos ornv euvoixn yro rn
i{' feppovio oueteptnra. eoroo pro eni8eon oro
vorcr rov orporeuporotv rng Avrovr oe nepiuroton
ouyoprxngeuiOeong,yro rnv ouoio nieze ro Be-
poivo oug opxegrou 1916,onoxerrovxr pvo e_
f,ortiog r<ovnrBcrvooyoupevr,tv evrze)lxv crvu-
pooei,rv oro orpor, oo xupicog yrrlrng yec^l-
orpotnyrxng Bongrng Etrocrg.Too o crorroc

crgog
eixe oprlro-
ffix {|-cgx6xcxwm6,
r.xxxp*x
cqe;$"xffi{px*cysxq }i"#n.$q
$-p*qs}w
oer nn orctre- &ffie.:lw*x"
cmetxg:re
@exw$.?w {ff{yff$ffi
rXt;Tffimxsffi
yxxp xxxe-bNc
n tou 1915xor - {y*:h*seJ*.*cxaqx*v
## 1!ffi
i !r*ffiw*xe* **ffiexqp*q
& u ev nrcv oyvtootn
fui ornv A8nvcr. Aur eme-
orverqr xor on rov N. Oeor-
Kn, orov otoio o ftoyro to No1rpron_
rrioepnro nog n feppovio ev pnopei vo ovuro_ xor o Merof,og oo r<orn yepUctvrKnnyeoio yvrilpr_
xBei oe no,\Aegof,roerg rng Bouyopiogxor rng zov u n Oeonourn oe ouvuoo1rpe rnv xupropxio
Toupxicrg<<npogxapw Kaj povov mg EAaog>. tng Bpercrviogorn Meoyeroouoroouxo crnxerero
Morotq yro ro evexpevouoopeorr,tvef,eif,er,tv evexpevorng oupperoxngrng Eoogoe ne1ro
yro ug Kevrprxguvopergoro oxovrx evovTlovrng. Xuvcntirgn r-urlrovn rou ycppovrKoD
Uerorio,
ro envrx fevrx Euleeio uruxe vo xopnyn_ Enrrceioucv oncnenopcrpvo oe orpornyrx
Oeiou roug feppclous evos oopporogrnypo_ crvrlreprorcrolr xor oroqropouoeyro uS Kcrrctorpo_
EoS,rrou 8o rooqarzernv rrlKolvovio rou Kov- prKCSenrnTt.loels rou Bo cixc yrcrrn xt_rpcr.
otqvtivou on' euBeiogpe ro Bepoivo. O Kr,tvotqvrivog,pororo, uopo rn ouyoprr<n
eroo-\.norn Moxeovio, eixe rov Iovro rnv np_
Merof,ng, rrou or feppovoi Beopouoov Oeon vo peroer
rov envrx orpor oe 100.000
<<tovltovatx npaypaux avpa oto
crpeg, pe ro oKerrrlx vo pn ivovror o(popUS
nepaov rou aotn>>,euorzexcrOo- orn Bouyopio
vo Kcrroorpornynoer ro oupqrovnBe-
prour<p).o otn uonoinon rojv oupqo,
vro, vo ouyxpovolgeuemorooenrogror gcrue_
vnOvrorv.Autg orolroxpuve rov Iovou- propizovrcrvn uonrorio xor or nroergrng Avrovr
opto rn <<r1noevueArr<n> rtorxn ouooron yro xor yo rng oroOepngnonung ouercprnrag
rn xopoEuor<n,evdtyro.rnv evioxuon rou qvue_
Bo unovolreurclvn enppon rou Bevrzou.
vrzerxouoyrivcr opyovrooeU ro Eio rou, ouvroy_
M' ourErrg ouv8nxeg n ouercpotnra nrcrv ro
poropxn flonoqoreiou, rov Anpiro 1916 evov
peyroronou o Ktlvorovrivogpnopouocvo rrpoog_
mor oro oorro orpotrcouxouveo1ro.Euyxp_ pr
orn feppovio, eEoov experoeupevogKor
vcogronpoyporeurov rnv nopooon rr,tv envr_
ug ovuuorruog rov Euppnxcr.rvrroprrvr Ue rnv
rr,rv ornpoppov rng B. trtroog,uu rov p() noper<uouxnrqxuxn rou rnv xotootqon ueor_
vo rous ovuoouv ouoxerouxo feppovoi xor Au_ rntogxor xeprzcnouupoxpvo.
orproKorKor vo eyyunBov rnv rpoqroooiq rou Or upooucr8eregrns yeppovrxng nyeoio.gyro rn
rnOuogouoe uepiuroton crnoxerolrourng xpog. rornpnon tng ouereprn rcrEnepreo1rovqvxor
Mro nproon uou rerxn ev npoyporouornBnr<e, rn ro1rprpcoon
xilrorog ouvewnong percrf,
rou o pev opxnyg rou yepUovrKoEmreeiou, A8nvog, EErog
xor Kr,.rvorqvrrvounol.ng.
Aur ro
Ooxevxoiv,ovnnprerve vo tqxBei n Eoo o_ oxon eixe n nop1roonrou froyxo orn XEro oug
)
 F

lqrr-Lgtt

clpxSrou 1916,vo pnv crneo8ouv ot Envegup-

f,evor rou Movoornpiou Kcll rotv r<to rnv
Xxonic,.rv
xoronqrn rng neproxnscrnroug Bouyopoug,rov
onoicovrn uonrorio upooncr8ooe enipovo vo ro-
oNecroer,unoypcrtrrpizovrctg u eivan <anouta4
ileilercpevoE Yn Lnv atpooiaon> rou Kr,lvorovti-
vou. llopporogntclv o oToxoqKol olllv nepinLt'-ron
crvoxnongrou upeoeurnlUxo on ro Bouxoupe-
Ue YspUovrKgnnpo<po-
ou, o onoiog, optpt',rvcr
pieg, oe ouvepyooicrU rous T. Iovoxou, tDul-
oKo Kor rov ho npeoeurnnpoucryovrze oroug
Envegrng PoupovicrgDncptou Bevrzou.
IIpo ono ug ruotpcnrNeg to.pelrctoeig,ro Be-
poivo xpnpcnoorouot,( fla yougnoAnlKng o-
vayxattntao), rnv ouercprnra, ncognn ou

3"s:*lr**EitiJ g,* trzk 't*&r*{z ryi*:Vr.q7tz***n

ffi*vl{#fr!r**di:;:v#.* u-i,.i: .. -'.'.ur:1-.r\*Wffi&*{Y{z
r*q !{*$* *.",*s; *'z**r, ffi'*t:*gx?4.}q

ro Mopuo 1915 o Kozep eixe rqeoroet tov
Kcovorcrvrivou <Ba avtanoxpt1 otlg olKovopt'
xeg entBulticg oag, ettrtooveyyunBeite euvoixn
o uetep tnt a>>.
KcnouS oxerlKSronpoyporeuoerg
peooonrrr< po enorf,eo Eevx Ue rnv unoorn-
prf,n rng yeppovrNng nyeoitrg, rou Krrtvorcvrivou
Kclrrou Mercrf,cr.To rrconNng lropQnscrvercr npog
rnv E8vrr<nTpcruezorexuepoicove, pe ll,npn ey-
yunon rng yeppcvrKngxuepvnonsUeoo Yeppovl-
Nv rpcruezvoug HIIA, o oixog E. Mntxpowep
Kor Uexprro <pOrvnoipo rou 1916eixcrvxopnynBei
roucrxrorov rpio clercr rcov 40 eNct. popxcov.
Acrrcrviyo opyrepon Bonrou Kcovorovtivou roepou. Xuveug ev crnoreeiexunf,n n opYr-
eixe neov xovrotei ooopo xor to Bepoivo, -
ilou oro perof,u or onoeooersr<oBopizovrovoro ro
rx K0l coTnuovo.ooKoDo{-
orporrt'-rr t-vtovcs ftlcoels
yro vcrroxOei oro neuprcovKevrprxv Auvotrrecrtv,
cruoppitpOnxeoirnpcr rou ytct crverope ro oNeuux
u ornv nepirroon urong rou oorroro xpnpct-
ro Bo xpnorpo[olouvrcl on rov BevrzoYrcrrov
nepo evcrvriov rng leppoviog. Touroxpovo opttg
rou e8etov eNrcrouxoro inppo, rovizovrcrguog
<<tanpaypata 0a noav tarltopetua, eav o aol-
taganoqaotze va $exa1apioet tnv xaraoLaon o-
prcrma pe avontn npooxpnon o' tpcrg>.
Ern rcrpxerorng xpiong n xuepvnon rou lt.
Drouorfn, Ueunoupyolrsroug. fouvcrpn, Er. Apo-
yopn, ^. Pd-LLn r<crrf. OeorNn, euoupyouoeo-
ntig coEexreeoux pycrvorov onotltooeuiv roD
Kcovorovtivou.Eivor everxuKn Uro ouvevreuf,nrou
Exouounro Oepouopro1916orn peyo.ngxuxo-
yeppovrxn eqnpepit Berner Tageblatt, o-
tpopio.g
nou, uroBerdrvrognnpog rn oorrxn enrxerpnlrcl-
rooyicr,xoroixcze Ue opyn roue eroctYrdYrKousrre-
proploUolrgrng Avrovr Nor roecricovetr or Ke-
vrprKesuvc4rergBo qrpvuzov vcl Unv xoron<pBei
envrNeoqog ou roug Bouycrpoug, poovue-
nperre v yvopizer tr n ouyoprxn eroon orn
Moxt-ovioptoxotw ouotcrotrxo npo tt,-lvnut.rv.
H ooihooq Eoqricrooxouoe crn ug crpxgrou
1916 vroveg uroerg orov Kcovotovrlvo vo upo-
oxopnor ovropo oug KevrprxeEAuvoperg.ev o-
vriBero o irog uioreue oNpn u Bcrnrov eQrKrn
n rornpnon tng ouereprnrog1rxprreougrou
opevn crvripoon rng EotpictgYro rnv uloxopnon
rou crorm,o onoiog uu rnv nieon rng Avrcrvro-
noexBnr<etov Iouvro rnv ucrpcrirnonrou Exouou-
n Nnr rn ref,oyoyn exoytig poovtrrnv eixe e-
g roecrroeryro ro crvriOero.
ucvernptrrevo.r
uvovu oro rooxrou, Zolpn, n Yeppct-
vrxn neupcruontotouoeoqpo, oeou o
OoANevxoouzcv niotcuctt ntov olKovopr-
xo ef,crprnpevogcrn rov Bevrzoxcrr rt
o.ng eroorcrvperof,,u crorrxv Nor
evrzerxv pe ourepo oxonvo peSoeuoerrn
perooon crnpro rNn rou oe pro xuepvnon rou
Bevrzeou.llopopoiog ontrrorof,ogepqrovrzrnv
rnv iro nepioo Ncrro Mippncrx, nou Bec'tpooe -
rr n Ecroeixe uov peton0ei <<o rrpotKto-
paro... tav eyyunLpiv uvalteaw>.
Eivor npoqrcrvgu o Kc,-rvorcrvrivog, uou eixe
nnporpopnBeicrn ro Bepoivo tr o Bevrzeog

oxeiozsrrpogrKnnpo,rouze neov rn Beon rou
Uern polpo rns yeppovrKns no[rKng. Aur eur_
eorverorou rov Metof,cr, o onoiog oro rn
Iouviouev rperexoyriv rvrze orov @crlxevxoou_
zevu pro vixn rou BevrzeouBcronporve ro reoE
mg oueteprxrdg, rnv crnercrrou Bpvou yro
rov Kr,tvorovrivo xcrr rnv crvoxnpuf,n rou Bevrzou
oerrrotopcr.Enopevog ntov onuroouverresyro
rov Mercrf,ovo zrunoel au roug feppovog orxo_
voptKn on8ero2-Bexor. yro ro Nppo rou fovq_
pn, rnv nnpepoon rng roupKrKngxuepvnong _
ore vo rpnqrioouvol EnveEpouooupcrvorrov
fouvopn Kor rnv enioueuon rng eni0eongrcovKe-
vrprK(DvAuvr4reov xoro rng Oeoooovixng, ev6
ev iorooe vq ouzntnoet xor ro evexpevo<Ba_
varoo>> rou Bevrzeou,cognpounBeonyro tn vixn
tng oorrxngncrporcrf,,ng.
M' ouregug ouv0nreg ev eivor ruxoio n rnv i-
n npepo (11 Eenreppiou) nou no.pcrungnxen
xuepvnonrou Zoitrrn, nopcrBnNe, Fe rnv (oyo_
xnu rou oorro,n Koqo orougBouycrpous Kcll
orxpooriornxcrvuepiuou 6.500crvpegtou en_
vrxou orporo,or onoior, yrcl vo rnpnBouv rct rrpo-
oxnpcrrcrorlevcrvrl ornv envrxn xorvn yvpn,
ocrrcrr yro vo onoqeux8ei n evotolrcrrcoon roug
ornv EBvrxn Apuvo, peroqp0nNovorn feppovio.
Aur ro yeyovg eunpooe rorouuxo ug ef,ei_
f,ergxor oqrpcryroern poipo tou Kcovorcrvrivou.Hrtrv
ro evouopcryrct rnv terxn oyxpouon, ago o Be_
vtzeogeixe novneroBeiot <o yeppavnnxtog
aote1,or4 eivat uneu7uvogtav aruxnltarav
mgEaogexetneiopa o(pevogrratxerpatayu_
ptotoaeercpou...>,
ncrn
unrovoyponrcr
e- 8rffiH:',Tf
opros rns yplrcvrKnsuourNng.H exripnon rou n_ oro4rou pe
rov opxercreoroxn,eolrevouu o Kotvorovrivog exnrotoqxut
no nprv on rov nepoeixe oqrrepotgeiornv u- e{opio.Irrg 17
nBeon roD Uovclpxrxou-ourcrpxrxououornporog (4) louviou1g17
roxupvnong,rrou sKrrpooonouoeo Korzep, xcrr onoprpf(erororq
rnv ouoicrulnprrnos nrorcrpexpr reoug,onoppi_ Meooriv4r4g
rlrovrctsro EreeuBeprop rotv uuxv uvouecov. Ixeiog
Or Xuppoxor.pcLorn ,<MoxnttuvABnvov,l cne-
oov ro exepprorn percrEopoxcrreyrorootoon
rorv el,nvrxv orpcneuporov ornv fleLouwncio
xor Beocv ouoroonxo rn xpn un rov eyxo
roug. H yeppovrxn ueupo, nou Beopooe u n
Ecrotou Kcovorcrvrivou,orot xor ououvouu_
pevn, nrov xpnorlrrepn ytcl rn yrppclvrxn nour-
".Jr i,r.,r:
ffi &{".**wry-rffiV'{.i1f*{; .,,*rr.i:!t\d#ry{*sn xmm
qg%gffi rffi t#trtt3',{W.*trw tit:***$ rsrun,
& x*ae.rv
***v *ij *v'{;*" -}xr# fi tr p * w q $ixwx ssx*$mq
r<non pro Eoooro ueuprov Kevrprxv u_
vopeog on rxcropvn crn prcr epquLro ou_
yKpoDon,oDvxloevo rov otnpizer. Xug opxes rou
1917trrororoveKptv,enetrcron uprcronrou fe_
vrxou Emreeiou,onoznpioon yrcr ro xpnrog Lng
ABnvog,oore vo xoroorpatpeio envrxgef,onr_
opog, crvri vo nopoo0ei orougEuppcrxoug.Evcoro
Mcrro,xorovocDvrcrg rn uoxon Oonrou, rcloavr_
n orn ouycrprNn xuepvnon t or o.r.rp.,y. .rrv
npOeon rns vo Beotpnoerrnv EcroexOprx
KporogKcrlrrol-rvog vo upoocrprnoerenionuo e_
nvrxo r'ogn. ycyovosnou Bo t-ixc xoroorpotprN
crvuKt-utro yto ro crorro.
Llcrp'u or ef,eif,,erg
onouvcrptiocrvoe peycro
oOprn Oeontou Kr,tvorcrvrivou,o irog ouvexroe
pexpr rnv ef,otonrou rov Iouvro rou 1917rn qro_
yeppovrKn uonrxn ouetcptntag. poovu eixe
yiver ooees tr etor roxluveue xcrr ourn rnv u_
nopf,n rng uvooreiog.
EHMEICJ'H
To xeipevo ooizercrroro trreyroropepog rou oe eyypoe roll
yeppovrxo unoupyeiou Eloreprxov AA politisches
Archiv
des Auswaertigen Amtes: Eetpo goxetrov Griechenland
(E^oS) 1914-1912,uroeoKeol: 44 No 1 (reBvng Omovopr_
xg Eeyxog), L 27-29/47 (Xrpnrrcrrur<eg xor Nounxeg unoBe_
aerg),1.22-24/ S0 No 1 (Bnorrxn Envrxn Orxoyevero), r.
20-22, 50 No 2 (Enveg lloluoi), r. 4, S/SI (Etrnvrxo
Ynoupyeio), L 4, 5/52 (Or rnt_rponxegAvunpoooueisg tng
Eo<rg oro Efoteprx), r. 2/62 (fevrKn Envrxn llourxn;,
r.2/63 (txeoelg Ecragxor feppoviog), r.2_4. Axpn ovrn_
Bnxcrv ororxeio xor qu ro flotrx Apxeio rou envrxo u_
noupyeiou Ef,oreprxv: K.y., r. 1915, A/4, A/5, A/rI,Ig/ r.
1916,A/5 (Il)/ t. rs|6/r7, A/s (VD/ r. 1912,A/(XIII)
I
 :w,i
+}!.'
j.iL
$qw1
I -ffi#
,i wl$;
H Axr,qxr
Hrccrlirqg
"enovdp0r,roqg" rronoUln rou K<ovotowivou Nor n iorn upoo-
peonoo4 rprirv KUon rns trAoog oto ctppo rcov uvcrlrec,-rvrng
ongoulrlrolrxegAvrqvr.
orlpoieg
oro Ooo xor cv urrcryopeDttorcrn yougrIoD clrlop-
Zonneroorrg14 peouv ou ro nponporooo<ptrerog rou oDUUoxt-
lovouopfou1917 KoDeKorporeunxouoporog tng Oeoooovixngn,
(qorr.onro crxtrro,ou ug crvcryNeg
eDpurepngref,oycoyngrou
neprorxuoepou,n nopouclo"roupleplqopo ev eivor u-
lllustration)
vorv vo exl.ntpOei orgrevepyero ro..\youpe o-
noxrn, pcrroro,vcrNpctogro onoio unori8eror
u ouyNcto.yeror percrf,urcovouetepov.
eurepo onpeio cvcrqopogonotel,ouv or xuco-
vropoi xor or nopcvcpyclestng goxpxpovnErpi-
ong roD qn rcr rn rou nponyop.evouqrdvo r-
ver n nottrxn zconrou rnou,prcrovenrn,pe o-

F"jl s.rwxg
#ffiffi*ffic vffi *#a*##.,
*wt"x&\r{,
#v#rWffi fr{*spswr\r:#mxr:wrz
fl$L**x#S *qmlx.\mr,v,*t"
Tr; v {5"lf,j 'id:i.{q*1t f*.*:wxwxq:*xv
rr"l${{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{xp###*#{

o yro, cvoperpnon pe orxo rnv ovonyn xor
rov eyxorng ef,ouoiog,ovc4reooornv nopcroorcr-
r<n orytrpxio Kol rn, rcrpNgovepxpevn, tpr-
of,n oouxn rof,n. H eupoucriNnxpion rou 1914Bo
upoNneoeroltcbgUro cvcrzurnupt.lonrou eorvo-
Fevou,ro onoio, uotepo crurn ovrolrn nopevOe-
on rng ueprou rorv Bctxovrxciv lloepr,tv, xover
rro crroOnrnrnv no.pouoiorou oro xtipo rng ef,ore-
prxng uonrr<ng.llpNetcrr yro pro peref,tf,nn
onoiq xoBroro crxpo.nro uoeuiurn pro nn uo-
nor<nexNpetrrrnro. pvo)pe-
H (rporvotrrevrxn
roEopo oro ueio rng reOvougrnoporiog evg
nponpotoguou eni xpvrcroxnpo nn eixe
roorncopnoerrov envrr<ct,upooiet o' ctu-
r expnNuxegroorooerg,xttBg nproupyeinpou-
no0eoergepuoxng os pro ouoyrxn fieprnrro
pe otrnuore xou nopporoouvenoyeroroe ertre-
o ucrpetrrons rpirorq ef,oryevvnopoyvtttv. Ko-
xtbg ornv o EBvrxg Atxoopg exopovercrrcog
Bpo.eurtroycivrng ef,coreprxng uotrxng (noro 0e-
on oqeiern EctttvcruroBernoetevovrt evguo-
epou uou rnv f,enepvctxorcr nou) n, oNpo, rog
xorcrperconoovunnptrBeono rroouyNpcroroxv
xcrpcrxrnporv,rou Eeu8epiouBevrzeouxcrrrou o-
orrcrKiovorcvrivou. flpooopover trg npoylrou-
KeSrou rootooergpvo eov 1reetnBeiornv nopelo
rou Urocroro xpvo, KopD{poonrng onoios olore-
ei, ovop<piocr,n rerpoerio 1914-1918.To Eorvo-
trrevouqriororqr, ooore, xor crpyrepo,eui pr-
xpcrororrxnger<orporeicrg (exoyegrou 1920,(eno-
vooroon> lovar xor flLoornpa) n oxpo Kor U-
oo ornv eN rotrrrpourcrqopeuxn ouyxupio rou
peoonoepou(noneroxegcrvcrxororof, erg, evrze-
rx xivnpcr rou 1935).
pnopei xcrveigvo e-
XuveNr4rvrogro rlcrpcrrlclvtr-r,
otroor-rTnv [poooxn Touoe ellrucpousnclpotnpn-
o1Srrou oxerizovrcrrpe rnv ovolnf,n roD oDUUoxl-
xou ncrpoyovrooro yeyovro rou exeppiou 1916
(pog pe rov onoio ro Noepprovctexouv nepooer
orn reBvn roroproypcrqicref,otiog rnE cruxrong
perof,u ucrcrro
ror veou npepooyiou).
nprn ucrpornpnoncrvoeeperoroe Oepcr-
ro eupurepoDorpornylKou oxeroopou.
Tcr rotpopocntrceio cxouv on toug
uproug Fnveg rou noepouxragorpo-
QrIIpOSInv [poctYoYn rov rrprQepelo-
xcirv enrxerpnoer,rv.lto roug lcroug errxrepo,
oro eBvrNoEogtc'rvonoicovref,oyovrcrrol ono-
qcrorour<repeg, ioog, ovctUcrpnoers Ko.trrou,Yr' oD-
rv o.Nprgro yo, ryoxvouv oneyvt-ropvo yro
evcr-,crxuxS^Doerg rKoveg vct clrloeopuoouv oS
ovrrrsploclopg,ro xupic,rgUert,-rrlo, n neprnroron
rng Oeoooovixngupootpperof,rouornorpesrpoo-
rrrrKeg. H rctnpnon cvog rrpoyeDprdpclros oro
Bcrl,xovro eivcrroe Beon, nroreuouv,vo crlrqoxon-
oer uvolrergrou cvnucrou.To npoyequpopo our
pnopei, rooroo,vcl UrorporreipeoonpOeopooe
opprunpro yro cvonqrn enrBeuxv, neov,upo-
roourv oe ouvucroppe nopttunoro perouo
(crvctorr<,uorx x.t.). llpxeuor ylcl rnv r0-
trrurouoiorng qrooogios TnSnpreeptroKngorpct-

36
 oxnpn oxev n BcrNcrvrNn (pe povorxn e-
f,oipeon ro operoecrx xpo) re-.ei
un rov e-
eyxo rr,rv Kevrprr<v AuroNporoprulv,oe Uro ouy-
pn nou ro <ouerepo))KoJvorcrvrrvrrxoOeorg,pe
rcl KTporrcrrov A0nvv, eKnvel pnpoxro rnv
crvti0eonrou orls uvopergrns Awovr (n xpovrxn
oullrrroon ev eivor ocooreruxoio). |ro nprn
<popcr,cru rnv erloxn rng rovorf,ngrou pernou,
riOercrrpe rpuo roo popctrr<znrnpo oorpolerog
rou ouplroxrKo exorpcneuuNouopctog rng Oeo-
oooviKng. Euvnro n xorcrorcronurroyopeDerrn
nqn poourciv perpr,rv.Tr eioog poxougnie-
ong pog roBrero oulrlroxrNg(yorxgouoro-
ouxo) ncrpcryowosnpoKerpevouvo.no.peperorcrr-
oorprKonpoyporo rng EooS;H xorooroon, rog

W ffip*wm Kqebw'16ffiffiP-Ktu:ev L}ffi["rps${*\s

$.a*${ytim**v
v"}{e{h?Wffi
wffiy{r*wy|,wn.ffixpexxcaff'll*\e
mer*v F1 p* KX*p*{,
****wm,evw*{xffiwffiwffi*
mqxlir"*p*m*Kffi1{'{FFffq

rnyrxng.Mro eni ruou orponouxn uopouoio npo- lpos crulo,elvc[ crKouctIIIO fleplfl^oKn. Ievcyoe(or
oesper,porg,xor npoBercrueovexrnlrcto,xcrBg To npropo errxng enuponng rou yo.rxoKor- orpontiregpe
ettlrpenerorougEuppcrxousvcrooKouv no[rxn Kur voouiou,nou ouvn8e rrpoKe+rvoD vo ef,erooer nouprio orqv
tyuxooyrxnnieon oe opog ovonotpoororc'-rv og rnv el,nvrNn unBeon, unoxqunrerrnv uno.pf,n Axpdnoq rov
ovof,rnrorr,rv pe npoef,exovrcrro pou-
xoBeorrc,rv, uo rcrurxpovcovpnxcrvropotv nourr<ou oxero.- l o u or o u1 9 1 7
povrxxor, Nupit'rg,ro envrx. opou, [poepxopevcovcrnrcnpopeuxcrxevrpcref,ou- (qor. onro
H peyol.n, trrororo,eur<orpicr
evepyonoinongrou oioE.O nprog.pe eKgpooresro unoupyero neprorx
peruourng OeoooovixngepEovizeror poo oro Ef,r,rreprxvxor rn yoArr<n lllustration)
npro ef,opnvo rou 1916,uepvo progovextrrero- upeoeioornv ABnvcr,
eurn.H ovqnovrexn yeppovrxn eniBeon oro Bep- npoocncr orn
vrev Kor n oxerozpevnouppoxrKn qvreuiBeon rornpnon )
oroqog rou [orcr]rouEo1r,Berouv,eK vou, zrunpcr
evepyoroinoneKor oDvrovropou rov eurepeu-
vrcovpernrov.Exoug eivor n onorporrn Uroeo-
pog eEepervrou ovunoou on rnv rreprqepercr
oro Nevrprx Oorpo eurxerpnoeov. Exero xor
npoooxiegnpooxpoouv uoruxg, ornv xoBern
ovriBeonrcovBperovcirv, yro rous onoiougevogro-
oxopnropgrcovuvopecovpuopooe vo onoei o-
l.Bptogyro rcroDUpoxrxnoupqepovro..Eror, peoo
oro xooxcriprrou 1916Bo eyeipouvyro nporrn eo-
po Opoonoupong rcovrxcovroug orporriouxcirv
uvolreovou rn Oeoonovixn, vo prc,rnovo-
vtt rou oroiou ouenote0peqov rroirepn exripn-
on. H oxorpn uopelrcronrng Poupnviogorov n-
l,epoxor n xoroppeuonrns Fs rn uon rou 1916(rn
yeppovrxoorporeporoeroepxovrcrroro BouNoupe-
ou Tnv iro o.xpriig orrygn rou ornv ABnvcrf,,e-
orrouvrcrNoepprcwcr)uBizouv ncrrro ouppoxr-
x exorporeuuxopo oe pro.nepioo poxpog r<o.r
xoO'troevoxnrrr<ng onpof,io.g.Axpo xerprepo,
H Axr,qxr

rc,rveBpouorc'rvevooulrlroxrxv rooppourv r<or

ornv orloguyn nlnoupyiog ei<puOpovxcnoorctoerov,
rr<ovvvo onynoouv oe or<npuvonevcrvurng eA-
nvrxng xuprcrpxiog,npoxovrog, Kcrr'elreKroon, is$ss.
rn uo<popiott^rvuuornt-rvoulrtrrctxtrvKor rnv Kct-
roKpcrDynrng reBvougKorvnsyvpnE. O erepog
pnxovropg, Ue prrveuorn ro uuoupyeio Nouuxv
(qppro yro Bepcto clrlKorooKoliog) xor exree-
ouxn pycrvcrrnv crvrirorn roixnon rng orporrogrng li,{,

Avcnong,orn Oeoooovixn,ug yoi,..rr<g puotrxeg s

unnpeoieg,ornv A0nvq, otro xcu ouvepyrov iro

1 . ., ' . ; ,
rov Bevrzonpoocourr<o, o onoiog,oocrxrgor rlepr-
orooergro enupnouv,ev rorqzervo oxorvocrei
oro pr-roixproovc4reooorn ouvroytrlcurKn voUrpo-
rrucr Kcrrrnv [eproroorcrr<nucrpcrioonrng, emrcb-
xer, ovriSero,ovnropof,erg,pe curepo orxo rn r-
epuvon rng oupUoxrKnsorpououKng nopouoiog,
Tnv.LICxcrBcrpno. ovo4ronn rou xtr-rvotovr.Llxo

Vt{;yffi &$ffi{ll"jiffiWl,ffiwffi"
ffi*3*v*vx{:xK#* * {sa.$.;l&!ffiK*t:
pm$**wsvr* ;1.$r'ft
ffifrstffi Ki{xv*{rp**
#ffinEd$1#6{"sL ffiwwffie&{r
ffiqr""$ w#Y{3#xffi#e*

xcrBeorrogKor rn uvolnxn npooAxuon rng Ntoptiz wr Ooupv, oxeux pe rn m rcovnrov

El,ong oro nppcr rng Avrcrvr. Kcno on ourg ug
ouvBnxeE,to yeyovgu n ev yver poornprrnro
nou crvenruf,,ovor yorxgpuouxg unnpeoiegu-
nepcriverxoro norn Euorxn qnooron, nou ei-
vcrr n ouoyn xor of,roynon unpoqropuiv ev
nperrer vo f,evizer: ouyxprnon puorrKns oorDvo-
picrg,orporoynon upcrxrpc-rvor onoior, opgr,rvo
pe ro iro ro eypevorou npeoeurn rng loiog,
<ev qiloreouv rnv crqrpxpeLrorng e),nvxng xor-
vovio.g>,revepyercruponoycrvog,nproupyio xpu-
qrouon}oorcroioupeoo ous eyKorclorooerg rng yo-
rxng ApxorooyrxnEExonE,npooxororo (eivor
yvoor ro enerororng eniSeong,ro Eenrppro
rou 1916,evovriov rou xupiou rng yorxng rpe-
oeiogor unou8pevougoorEpoveg,or onoior,
ucogeN rov uorepr,rvonoeixOnxe-enreorve-
rcn Kcu qn ro xporrxo. opxeicrrng fcrlJcrg- nrov
evrzerxv uenor0noeorvupo.xropegrov Fuon-
Nv uunpeorv), guyoeuonrou Bevrzoupe rpo-
oproprn Oeoooovixn,evepygovoprf,n oug ef,e-
if,erg uou onynoov xornrv, oro orUfinpo. yeyo'
vro rcovA8nvcirv.
Errxq oS pog ro reeurcrio,crnoNcruuuxnei-
vor n fiporponn rou neprnrou norcrpxouPox-
Ery, voDuKouoxouBouxor enrxeEo}.ngrcovpu-
ouxdv unnpeorc'rvornv envrxn nporeouoo,
npos rov yeparo evoroogougrorr<nrnrou yo}r-
xou uoe1lxo orou Avororxng Meooyeiou
euronrov pt'rvevgon rcrnol,ctteeoiypogo
nepi oEonroUourou envrxouorporou:<Enrtrrei-
vete, Ncruopxe,KClrol trl,nvegBcroog npoo<ppouv
rcrnr-pocr roug nnvcooe oonpvroioxo>l H ou-
vexrcreivcrr yvoorn: n pcrxn rr,rv A0nvc;v r<qr n
lporoecvng xnrcriof,nrr,rvevrzerxvrng npo-r-
reuouoclsun ro xcovorcrvrrvrxxcrBeorg.
oroo, n poornprrnro rcovycrl,rxv
unnpeorti-rv
IrDoTrKt'-rv eyxe ror. xupit'rg.
yto urO opuo cvopxnoTprpevn eflrxcr-
pnon floponnpoqpnongrrr-rvr-nion-
pt-rvcrpxv.croxor rng xorvng yvtirpng
orn foio.. Xxong nrcrv,quorxn, n ngroupyio
xorcLnovnpono8oeorvyro vonn enepcr-
on rov uvopec'.rvrng Avrovr ornv A8nvo. Kovo-
vrog xpnon evruuoorcrxv,yro rnv eroxn, xpnUcr-
uxv noov Kor Uernv rouqrn rng npoiorcqrevng
roug nolrr<ng opxng (uroupyeio Nouuxv), o
PoxEry xor or rooxoi rou (o irog ctuolrcrxpv-
Snxe on rn Beon rou ppeg pvo pero ro Noep-
provo ef,,oniog,oxprg, rng evepyoDovoptf,ng
rou) r0erovoutovolricrxrvnoet-rvevcrvurns rpe-
oeio.gxor opoprzov xoOntrreprvct ro llcrpior pe
ovo.xpreigernoergnou ncrpuepnov,ouvn0os,
orn ouvrerqrou nopou.
H eerqn ouvrovropou ovc4reoooug roEopeg
ycr),rxeguunpeoieg ornv ASnvo ef,pyroexr ou-
 0 neprp4rog
nofoplog
Poxgery,
$ enrxeqo{g rarv
yorxrv
pumxtirv
un4peordv
(qoroyporpio
ogrcpopev4 oro
ouvfeqd rou
Kdpnrov
Moxev(r).Iro
xewpo, r0
yorx
mporeporo
opeoog perr4v
onopfBoo{ roug
orofu;rdvrrou
flerporo,
r6oq
Mtiibu1917(qtor.
'ft,"ff onro neprorx
rpen0ovro pyroro on tcr yeyovro rcovABnvdrv. lllustralion)
H oEuxoynrn ovripoon rctv oorl.oEpvov (yro
roug onoioug ro. Noepprcrvn unnpf,,ov ro xxvero
oopo) Bo upooEperorougonoogrng <oxnpng>
ypqrUns rn uvqrrnrq vo eurcr.Louvrnv no}lrxn
roug.TeeoiypoEo,nponnruo Ferpo, nroergxcrr
exroopoioe opogrng envrxngxupvnong8cr
tv rov npcoOuuoupyMnprv, o ouoiog, pcrBoivo- uoonoorqorov evrunooroxo., evcitoro reBveg
wog rnv eKroonrrov exrpnov, 8epnoeu eixe e- orepo1roBcrevepyouornOei pro exorporeionpooe-
oKelrpevnoer Bulro noponnpoEpnong. Axpo rorpropou Kor rov uuooinov (npov rcovfor,tv)
trro xopoKrnproux pr,tgeivor ro oxro rou ur]cr- Xulrpoxorv oro znrnpo rng exOpvrongrou Krovoro-
tou oppoorn rng Avtovr Eop Zovop, o ouoiog, vrivou. Erxognou 8q uonornBeief,r pnveg o.py-
tpSovowcrg f,r pnveg opyrepo ornv Eo.cr enr- repo, ev Ueoo UrcrgoouvnBrorngeuierf,,ngroxog,
eoprroUevospe rnv evron vcr expo.reoerrnv o- oozoveiogxor xuvropo. Aurn, pcog,eivor pro
rloUoKpuvonrou Krlvorovrivou qn ro Opvo,ro- on roropio..
niorooe runr<rogu perof,,rov exei yorxv
<or nnvteg rrcrzqvxo.r xoveig ev nrov u-
t<uxc,lv, BIBAIOIPAOIA
reuBuvog>. E. Clergeau, Le commandant de Roquefeuil en Grce,
feyovg eivor, novrog, u oe pro yeppovrrn fl0pior, 1934.
L. Dartige du Fournet, Souvenirs de guerre d'un
lponoyovo opycrvopevn, evroio xcrr yelrorn outo-
amiral, Iloeiar, L920.
reuoiOnon, or Eppoxor ev exouv vo ovurcrf,ouv G. B. Leon, Greece and the First World War. From
nopo p.ro poornprrnro qouvrvrorn, ouooporr- NeutraLity to Intervention, No YpKn, 1990.
rn, evovuo oe xoBe xqvvo wopng rof,,ngr<orn- A. Mitrakos, France in Greece during World War I,
8xng. Auroi, rooroo,BcrovoerxBouvoe xupicrp- Columbia University Press, 1982.
J.-C. Montant, La propagande ext1rieure de la France
xoDSrou uorxvrrou. H uvolnxn rng ouppoxrrng pendant Ia Premire Guerce nondiale. L' exempJe de
npouoyovo.g(upr<euo.rnepi npouoyovcrg ovre- quelque neutres europaens, flopior, 1988.
uiSeong) ev urorcbverororo evepyntrx rorv r- Y. Mourelos, L'intervention de la Grce dans la Grande
loporv oIo, ovriBero, oe exeivo rov orporrorl- Guerre, ABnv0.1983.
- <Les vnements de d6cembre 1916 Ath6nes. Les
Kov Kor vcrurlr<vcrxoo0arv,ouoreeopour<repo
travaux et les jours de 1a Commission Mixte des
ernoreupvr,tvoe rroroueiougpeBoug. Indemnitds>, La France et la Gr6ce dans la Grande
Eu8vovrcrr,opoye, or Xppoxor yro ro Noep- Gueffe. Oeoooovixn. 1992.
provo;Aogotig, oro cr8pnou ef,eSperyovvov - (A l'ombre de 1'Acropole. Espionnage et contrainte
npoxnrrx pnxovrop ouooro8eponoinong, oe politique en Grce pendant la Grande Guerre>,
Relations Internationales, llopior - leven, 1994,
Oonvo experoeuBeirnv nopoprxpn euxorpio,
0p. 78.
onyvrog ixog ovoorol,grcr rpoyporo oe o.xpoi- B. Thomson, The Allied Secret Service in Greece,
eSKor errro{poeig xoroorooerg.Aoore, 8o eno- ovivo,1931. f

39
 ET
rYxlFollH fitofl^HPnllA

itn"w
.rrTI4hoY
. u t

O Tvno: eirr I .1rr*r::

:,*:r
A X I F T / ' X t r
I Y [ & P O f ' : ^ I
"'* 4' * t r1 :r'1'4 I 1l'$t'
,f.r\'1. r t, &r t t't,

(!
l':.i:'",
t't jrr rfrt-r'r'*)dl
}IIEPH
I t''tr,rl

rr*H lria?Y iYAiOY A*lltA t llorrxrxr, !OlK.

tng r:notN,q: flet uuttHTPIoY
T;; ;, " atr t t or 7z2i o"' t-f ol-l:1 t:1i?.Y..t:1i-1lft*l-oi.!'it ?1ll9

IlI'AI
xor loropictg,
\6xropcroro TpripoI'loLurxrigEnrorripnE
flqr.reroflcn'entornpro
rffialx
iltjITI
ffiX$IXI}IAIA t!
tg
0 NYKTSPINO:T B1 0) M I AA;F r l E l
t B n -+/qr-!_

H ENEAEOYIA .;ffiA_-
xYnti ? oIil|At . -{ l A
-tr

ii:;lri;i$P*.' r* dr!q. r'strr..siltrrr- t

el.nvrxn oupperoxn oro Meyoo llepo, no
prxpn ro Eeurpprorou 1916Ko.l rnv clorf,n rou I8llltPtlTffil}llfi{
X A Ef I N A N -r E r O N O
-
TON :;;:!1:::"
;';"5':1-;:':L'-1:i":'
1917,unnpf,e r<o8opronxn rnv ovorf,n Ncrrro EBr- rn N ;
,r-:::-iii:.1,'.iIt:?-:'.;;.:..'i.;'::11;::',Tlt..::l.iJ'J.ii:j"ii','J
'i.:'.];::;';-;;.l..|.L'a9.1l..u.+.t'.a9|'I9'trhld^l||'1!,'l
vuioporou 1918.Eog rore n iu rov poxi'rv,uou o- .i$re, #,r r,.d.o l'-!*tw. rnrq{. I ,rn. Litri;./+,ts
,a". a, ,l' l: l: l: .^.-j' i; .: , . i * r * . . ! , t a 1 ! e . , ; } r , r , r - a - r - , n ! { . e , , d 1 .r o*',.ra.r, 11,rr!,r.;,1.?t,
u ro 1914nn npooeoroeoe outvrov ueporo
xclpoKrnp0Luos[poloYv0ipns ovousrpnons,or ucl-
zrr<egcrnereg,or pozrxoi tpctupouopolKor oKpo-
rnproopoi ev cruoreeoov peposrng envrxnge-
pnerpiog.H E.l..troct eixe yvopioer eoiog pio uo-
porcrol1cvn uepioo noeprxng npooncrBerog,ug
ouvneregrng onoicrgef,crxoouSouoe vcrrcbvetxor
percrrn nf,n rt'rv Boxtrvrxtiv lloeporv, ev or o-
voucpoornoergrou nopoDrlopepvcrvroxupSe-
foniog tov ovorNrv ouvoproxotv znrnptrtcov Ncrr
rcoveuuio0ruov oxoecovlre rnv Toupxio. H pnf,n
cooroororvAuuxv uvnperrrvprero No8eorgrrrtv
A8nvdrv ro xerpt'rvcrrou 1916 unnpf,e pia ottypn
rou Meyolou lloepou.
Tcr Noeppravo onoreouvppog ourou xr po-
vov ou orpc[lorlKn onoqrn oo Kur crnrnv cr-
loqrn rns iog xor rng er<rpctxuvons rov n06v. H o-
oqoerorng orpouug rng Avctongxor to Mcrxeo-
vrx perconoonooxoouocwooopoexeivn rnv re-
pioo rnv Avrovt (Entente). Hrov n feppovicr nou
noetrrnoe rougEuppctxougornv Eoctpe ocrpe- yunBei ro l9o onrvo r,rgllpooroneg uvoperE.trl-
ocrrBere,uuoetxvuovtos eror o clurous,Ir rnv xopreovonruf,errn ouvnBercrvo Seopoupe,ypotpe
c v T o v nn p o o n o B c LLon Sr. n , , o n p o o i ot n S U t K p n S n L'Action Fran7aise (22-9-16),u or prxpoi ,\cr-
ourngxpcrEr>, roniorcoven erpnpepittL'Echo de oi, nou eivor un rnv npoorcroictn rnv Nnetrrovio
Paris (5-5 16). O ycrrxgTunog ovu}ntp8nxe ro ro-rvEupr^luoic'rv,oucrxoouv onE evroeguDv UeYo-
yeyovrcrrnE ABnvog oe npooon Kor oS eoKU- orv,ev6 on eqryrepio znrooe rnv egctppoYn
KATI TO
Pfl: lrevn upooucrBerorou exBpouvcrpercierro KUpoS rcrrvouvonxtov nou Kclroxupovovrnv llpoorcroro.
rng xdrpcrgornv Avcuonoo xqr yevrxrepo (Le Exoupero xoBnxov,rvtze, vctrpoororuooulrernv
Temps, 23-L-17).H ovripoon rou rroirepo evro- troo crro rov eout rng (Le Figaro,10-10-16).
,iaf IrMflf i!tstifi
vn, crvNpivoupexor un trg ouf,npevegKcvSypqr- |ro rnv eNripnon rng eplrnvunNng rooroong
|[f|r:1.!l: fY IlOlnil0Y pg rng oyoxproiog,quotuuveror o rroptveoers nou npooqrpern 1reernrnE Biog, xctBiorororxpn-
rog: <Ag eNrxn0operous veKpoDSltcrgr xot o4rn n ouoryn rou rotoptKorJGeorge L. Mosse yro
<Trlriopnore rov Ko-rvorcrvrivo.Krveircn evcrvriov rn crpoprnro(brutalisation) orgrnv rpYlrclu-
pog>(,L?cJro de Paris,2-12-L6,19-1216).Ilctpct- xn uoluroprKn ropn oD eq)epeo llpotrog lloyx-
ncrpt-rgFe rous noeprxougorxougunnpf,eNor oprogfle1rog,ouorirn nou pioNercrrorov qvrino-
'14-'18
n voorponio n 8e1renipevnoe pjo ouyKeKprpevn o rng norog unotipnong rou yeyovrog
ucrpcroonnou ouveo.eorn ro1rptpoonrng orcr- rpog Eeogprog yevrNng ypoUUnSrng ef,erf,ng
ons rov Auuxcov uvcrpecov vovu rng Ectctg, tou noLuropou. H <voepprovn qrpixn>, pe ng Ae-
rng xcirpcrg rng ouoicrgrnv ovef,crprnoicreixov ey- f,ergrou feopyiou Bewnpn, ev eixe QUorKooulc

(H XOEIINH
EruI
Eilnpot H E P H T I AE & i l I I K HE S } T HT P T E
K. XA^AfIOOAXHI r{y},rirl n, e. orxorox!
H ep4pepio
ltt*
lltalot o I ax Aaxtttt rr|i?otl lr lt*tiar{$f lI-15, XpvoS.6-11-15,ENpn,24-12-L5).O ovue- "EUnptiq"
vrzerrg Tunog eurxerpooeuoponovo cruo- Inq 1gns

tffiilfffil
?ilil
AsIICI$ oer ug onoruxieg rcrivXulrpoxotvoro Moxeovr- Noepppfou
x perouo orn <ovOoopevnevrufroon> u or e-
1916

rxMox TnN ANAKT'OPNN vrzsrKoi crwrupooreuov rous pvougtpiougou-

rdl ornv Eoo.Anere enions orougevrzer-
TTFATTYilATA ANETYPgHTATI KouSrnv euOuvnyro rnv rropcqrovn-oo xor rnv
npoxnon- rr,tv oyyoyornv orpcrreupcrrov
otn Moxeovicr nou <ef,eicrzovrr rnv r<o0oorotv
Auorpoyeppcvril oro envrr<eogoE.
H ounqn rc,tv reoocrporvnpof,evtrtv rov clvrl-
ov rng Avrovr xporv orn eooolovixn npo-
Ncr,\eoero xclpoKrnproprng npcrf,ngon rnv eqrn-
pepio A1hvu tog eNncoong rou <ayyrKouvo-
otopo>Kcll rou (Kotvoq)crvoug yo),rxoupr[o-
plolrou), pe rous ollolousouyKprvopevoso vsppovt-
rg trrrtcrpropE cruoreouoe <Sorneio>(19-121S).
Avo"Eeppevogef,crouo M.I' XoxeMopiou oug
vepyeresrou orpmnyou Xopory (Sarrail) orn Mn-
Neovio,opornpouoe u or npcrf,ergrcovovcrpecov
rng Avrovr nlooxouoonv rtovrors orn <oueio
rng Meooyeiou) Kcll ornv <ef,crqnvrontcove8vrxo-
rru(v). Axpn xor or crvnevrzerxoi nioreqrov
- . - . * l - r n r I r w , E l ,
r , 4 oro <ryeuog>) noctv ol ((rrppoxor
u or Xutrrtrroxor
r';t \ e ," +-L
,*, r*.-liit
rng eeuBepiog rr,tvov Kcu rou rxcriou>.<ev -
{r unFlt! ! * |hl5 r*, rl k
. |-ld r4lL.n.
!t{ &' ! i. *l
encrverol our ro flpcrto.p, rnv lonqvicr, ro
Mopxo, ro Ayepr,rnv Aiyunto, rnv Aqrprrn, ug Kfro xoror4v
Ivieg, rnv Kivn, rn Mooyooropn. Oure rn toun- onevovn oeio,
iq, rnv Eno, rnv Ocrvio,rnv Huerpo, rnv flpOn0Y0vroTrK
Knpo, ro atexovnocL> (Aorpann, 3-1-16).O o1o- fvrunoo;lerrrf
vei ovu-4rneprorouxgyogrou ovuevrzerxo pcr4vxrjpu{q
Inv eKroon oul In rcrpNeroore KOr ro IlolollKo Tunou eNtpeperor piog n8mng rof,ng rouA' JIoyKooUiou
og rc4roprupicr
xcrpoKrnptonKcll]ou n icr npooos IIou ouxvo ooropevngornv euix,\,non rng opxng rotv e8vorn- l'loepou, nou
KCrr0 lls lroxes rou IIoepoD,rnv cvuvu]ilcr Kol rnv KUKoQOpOOov
riDV oro oeoop rotv prxpriv xporv Kctl oDVu-
eLerqrnovayvoproUevnguADVnS.Ynnpf,e pog llpxer pe rcr erpcovrxnoxro.yro rn ouvOeonrou
or4vA0rivo
T 01 9 1 6
Uio KclrvoeovnEio -nopcrro yeyovgrr or rcrr- ouLlUoxrKou olpclrou. H t-prpovronrrvolpoutLluKurv
rruesev onouoicrzovoII roDSno[rNoug oyves ooLror(Dv on uS ouorxieg Kot n rrclpouoioEeveyo-
rngEcrog rou rlepoopvouolclvcl-nou npoKcr- ezorvxor ocovorn Oeooo,\ovixn cuoreooecv- l' l' ." ." .i i
oe ruNougovrexiNnonsKor K^npornoe npo- exolrevcog npNnonyrcroougeixcrvouyxpornoer -. a. - . ", : t t . , \ )
. / J t . r l .
runcrepquroilocluKnsouprrepreoposorousUero- pio ncrpooorcrNn cvrinryn nepi rou orpclroDKor I

Yeveorspous. rng eiNvogrou Kcll ev nocv ef,orxeropevot pe rov .t tt./-I t t; ti .qti t,. ti ti s'a' t
To noorouveerorrroUevt'rg Fs ro Korvoupyro ef,onroprng Avcuong.Ag onperco8eiu pepogrng
. , f ; , . . , , , . : : - -
xor n reBvngroorcronrns ov[opoBeong pe rnv nponcryovogrou Kzep fou.l,repou B' trnooNo-
e o u t c p r K nT. o r oo n o L u n o v c r oul e o p K C r n
fDKpi- rouoe ornv ef,eyeponrov crrorKlclKtivcrcbv.
vcrcroro yorou envrr<ou Tnou. To <Norome- O avnevrzel,rxgTunog orpeecrcrleror orarcr-
ouKo Uerpo))rcovXuptrrcrxov unoeixOnxovcrntn Ko cvovriov rng <vop4rrnro!, 1ngKoroxlJpoFrvns
<evrzetrrxnorrsipo) nou ouvcoporouoeoe opog on rnv IoropicrKol rnv nc4looon.Mercrrnv noro-
ng xpog oe ouvepyooioIr rov ef,r,trepu<exOpo, nqrn rou oxupo Poune Kol rnv eiooo rc,:v
o onoiogrouuzrcrvrnv nepioo exeivn upcorioti,tg Bouyopc'.rv ornv envrxn McrNeovio,ooxn-
pe rnv Ayyio (Aorpann, T-I7-I5, Nea Hltepa, 4- purve rol n rorxooioKorooKCUnS evgovrrnoou)

KHTHPIOI
HMEHll 4I
 envrNegopxss Kor ctreverpov rov rpoonKovro
oeoop oro iNcrrorou envrxou ororxeiou. O
trnvrotrrgqlqIoootcrv eror cru rov <eqrro-
t
rF ' rn) rng xuprcrpxiogrou Eopory Kor rnv <rupcrwio
rr,rv xorooxuov rns f,evoevrzerKnsnpo[oYcrv-
H og>. Og onovtnon ornv unoornprf,n ro-rvouppo-
Fr
h xrr<v prpov ou ro evrzerxTuno, o ovue-
*' vrzerxguproooe rnv ovcrYKnulrpclonronsrng
i. eeu8epicrg Kol rns crvef,oprnoiog rng xpog. To o-
pog rov xornyoprv pi<p8nxeoroug evrzerxoug,
roDS(crrropvntegrng llorpiog) Kor <uporegrou
Boorrcr>,ilou ovrlperorrrzov tn xolpo ors npore-
xroporo rrrrvauvctlrecovrng Avrovr, or ofloies ooro-
oo ev noov lKcrvS, opqrcovcr pe ro Xpovo, vcrr<o-
rquoouvrnv eeuBepioevgNpctoug(28-6-16).
Ee perpronoBorepoog rvougn eqnpepio Neov
Aorq ouvenng on tnv opxn tou noe1rou npog
rnv ovrtnoe1uxnrng oroon, rouiorove u o e-
nvrxg Lo.gef,oxoouBooevo rquveerqr crno
Enovoxore{to, oulruoOercrKot eDyvopoouvn ilpog roug Eulrpo-
yorxri onorxruxp8ou yro rov euprouorxnepo KcrrovooKeDng xoug, ruov pog nopono OeppogoDvnYopos
orporepororr,rvnopoooroxv orepeorunr,lv uepi ex8pv xor rng eupevog ouereprnrcrg xor oncrgtng ovu-
pe
(Ieveyotre(or rpicov.Ef,crou,or unoryiegrttv Eul4roxolvoxeu- uoeprr<ng opxng, eEoov r<crvvo eOvrr< oulrQ-
euxogxo pe rn oulrqrc'rviorng ABnvctgtrreg Kevrprxeg pov ev eueoetov uepo(21 6-16).Af,,izete-
o{roporrxog) oe AuroNpcuopieE pe or<ourn reux.\uvonrng npoe- niong vcr onpero8ei u ro <pOrvutlporou 1916e-
pUouq rnq oong roug orn Moxeovia enreorBnr<ovxcrr xrg crurnv eqnpepictA1nvaL to Epnpog xctr
A0fvoq rovlovto rouro torunveror nov pe ocnpnverooro yor- n lloAtrtxn Ent1epnotg rono8ernBnr<ovunep
rou1917 r<Tuno (L'Echo de Paris, 1-9-16).O evrzerxg rng ef,ou,pe emxeipnpo rnv euiuon rou toore-
(qoroypuqieq prr<ou npoLngorog.OuoS Yporlen er<onevBn-
Tuuog uopouoiooe erxvo oBurorng ovng yrct
onro neptotxti <e0vrNn oupqopo) xor eBvtxou uv0ougyro pepn Ent1eritpnolg', n olKerc0engror cYKorpn
rnv
lllustration) oDplreroxn tou enionpou r<pcnougorov nepo xr,i-
rnv <oltoxnri eyxortrerqrnrorv repdlv eotptiv on
eniong o- pig rov Bevrz.Lo, lou <xorocrpoOprloe rnv evvol-
ro yewoio envrr< orpor>.Oecopouoe
clv rou r<poroug>, 0o puopouoe vo clfloKoroorno0l
u ro pyo rov o Boxovrnv lloe1rr,lv xor ro
Kcll ro
r<oOeorgpiog Beperdroug ouvBnxng Koroorp- r<orrn re8vn Bonrng xpo.goro oKepcrro
eor,neprr znrnpcr vo enroer (29-10-16).
qrov. H vrq rov uvopeov rng Bng,/21ngIouviou
H ovtipoon rou avrtevrzerr<ou Tnouoro veo
xopoxrnpiornxe og ouourpcoon rng eeu8epng
rns eYVUntrKnS rous uno- reeoiypo.rporou vcrucrpxou Nroptiz wr Ooupv
EAAocrg Kcuclvoveuron
(Dartige du Fournet) Kol ornv ouoioon for'lv
oxcons yro rnv oxeportntcrrng xpog nou eixe o-
vourv ornv A8nvcr unnpf,e vrovn. Komyyere rn
Oei to 1827,to 1830xor to 1863.<Euptrroveuo-
oDl4roxrKn io 0eopl'rog ug of,roetg 0rS(orporn-
vrpuoeog rng envrr<nguoteiog> uunpf,e <n
unpng oropyng ror<oivoorgrcov rprv flpoororr- pov rcrueivororvrng e8vrxng gror4ring> Kol rnv e-
ow (Zorpre 10-6-16).Eixe nponynOeiNcnopepr- rreKroon rou f,evou eyxou t'rs ((Kc[oorpornYnov
eeu-
xeg pepegn Kc[oorpoQn rtlv ypotpeic'lvreoooptov rng eeuBepiogrou Kpotoug Kor rns oroprxng
ev- Oepiog rorv uouciv> (XpvoE, 1-10-16). Ef,Epoze
evrzetrrxve<pnpepirrtv Uernv ovoxn KoI rnv
Bnppuvonrng Aoruvopios. Or crro).crr<reg ovue- rnv ovriBeon rou orn peroorcr8peuonroD orpctrol)
vrzerxge<pnpepieg xclpoKtnproovovtiOero roug rng Oeoooioguou unooxOnxeo Krrlvorowivos,
feppovoouyopougtlg eeuBeprorg ou ro <pu- rorervpevogu ro r<porogrrpexe xivuvo on
opo rov Ayyoyor'tw, yrcni onoxctornoov ug evexpevn xoOoo tov etrclclorott'rv Kol Kotvovl-
xn encrvaoroon ornv Hnerpo Kcttorn Oeoooio.Me-
ro rn roxoivoon rou NoeppioD,n ouoio ouqno-
ffi Ks:g$WffiW{:}Wffiq
oe rnv ncrpcroonpeyong uoorntcrgnoeprxouu-
KfliF{frmWq{ v{:*i{&iK}r#ftq wffimp*ffi*Nmwwn<ouxot rnv onoonrov upoeolvfeppoviog,
ffi$}*Tej$.ffi ffi$*trTi{X
ffi!UW&J plw* }*{
ffiCg**a4nq# wl##r{ft# Auorpiog, Bouyopictgxor Toupxrog, n evroon Kopu-
<pOrre. To xuprcr crpSporou ovuevrzerxouTu-
nou upoetoipozctv rnv xorvn yv1rn Yrcl rnv errsp-
 r
F

xpovn oyxpouon. rr<orooyouocwo.nurqrnv ono.nuoucvrypo.ryov er<rng roropio.grnv oei.iq

npoero4rooio.yto rnv crnr<pouonrc,tv <enrpo1re- rou Mruoou oug ro rcDvexqoxricovEnvi,rv
op), or onoior oxeio.zcrvvo rropouv ro ncrpe rn rou, e MopoBvr, ocooevon rov excrpopropv
iq, rnv rrlrn rrov onoiov enpenevcr npooonioer o rog A0nvcrgxorovrxnoog roDSex0poS)(Eonepwn,
og<pxprBovrou>(Aorpann, 14-11-16,Eonepr 19-11-16).O og rotv A0nvrilv exn8n oro prupo-
vn, 15-11-16).H <eppovn ra>nou ornpixBnxe oe nonrx vo yro vo npooEperrov oorou Drep
(ouyKxupevcrg uopooergNor xqxn Eroloyio., rov orKoyrvelv (rov nporKo neovntv oegv>
oupEovo Ue rnv onoicrBq nrov repoouio vo. uoe- xor o nptorxEyog.nou ovnyoye ug ppegLnEoD-
irnoer n EAon Us rnv Avrovt, xopoxrnpiotnr<e o- yKpollons o0 nUepesnpoyporrxng crvef,oprnoicrg xor
r rn NCcrHltepa og ro aoBevegonpeio rng qrou- <oneeuBepriloeos rns EuoSon tou rrcllorcDre-Inpog
repnguourr<ngomv Eoo. trf,ouiog cruroun pou rov zuyv>(Nea H1tepa,11-12-16), eurxsrpooe Mepxopqg,
<or,nnprngi> no[rxn rng ouereprnrcrg ropop- vo evroxuoer ro ovuevrze}m Epvnpo.vovu rou rpdnvlfUupxoq
(p8nKecrvuEorrr<nnpog eournv xcrr n ouoronno- xrvvouxolrtpng LouevorulovroD{pooUoTos Lngnei- A04voiov.Froro
re crvrioroon xoro"rng Avrclr ev eixe nourx xo- vog. Or npof;erg io.groro rn ropr<erorotv npeptirv po
rouoTo
poxrnpo Kqr onoreeopo,yrori ev yrve o orevn crurv,or enooieg,or oprrclyS,or ounqerg xo.r Noeppprovti
ero(pnU0rn leppovio. (11-11-16). or Euoxioergev rorcrypaqrnKcrvorov Tuuo, oEo xororxtior4xe oe
n xuxogopio rov evrzerxv egqrepirDv rq- 0vsro ro 1919
nv [opevn rng oyr<pouons rov Ayyo- xnnxe ioro pexpr rnv crvorf,nrou enpevouroug. ofev
yorr-rv 1reroDSEAAnveEot1lclTtorcs. o o- AuoEooroux pIo orn ropprpoon rng crrol,- eKreeoTnKr
vuevrzerxgTuuog ef,npe rov npotrop oxrng 0ong encrrf,ovot rroKrrueg rotv crixrou-
rng envrxng WDxnS,n onoio ev qvx8n- xcirv ovuevrzerxrrtv r<oOnpeprvvEr,tv rng
K ert' crnstpo<vo rcroperorn uunqrn nporeDoDocrg,o fpnyprog Euorpoung rou
rou orpcrrouKcu rou oou> xql yrori eerf,,eu n Expn, oueurngoou, o Krovorowivos lro.l,-
Eoorng <ouitvrogf,,crgKcurov cuoviov o.perv ong rng Aorpanng, ouLeurngAnrxng, o Kr,rrng
:t=:
ev eivor n eurengsKeivn UercVnEio nou xpueror Xorpnouog tov Xpovou, oueurng@cilprvog, o :-*
Kcnrcrxuveror xcntoon rnv oKelnv rolv rnerrtv Il6rpog ng Eonepwng xor op8poypo-
rov reooopr,tvroxupv rng fng> (NCaIlp epa,2}-Il- Eor, urogo K. Eo.Lrv, o M.l. XoxeMopiou, o M.
16).flopo.rn roeoiroonnpos roDSf,evougunnx- fouog. ev nrov reog pvov or ouv8nxeg oyo-
ougKor rnv Avrovr u o envrrgogev epEo- Kproros,orpclrlorlKou vpou xor or ixeg eoxcnng
peiror on exOprrgro8eoerg[pos rous Ayyoycr upoooiog xcrn rn evrzel.rxn rprericr 1917-1920,
oug(Nea Hpepa,22-lL-76), ro xipcrorov ovue- oq ro iro ro yeyovgu n l8n Noetrr8piou(u.n.;
vrzerxTuo ev oof,e.H 1BnNoeppiou(n.n.) crwrnpooneue m pnf,n trreug Auvopergrng Avrow
nponBnxeog xopuqroio orrypn <ef,oyvrolro>o- rroD orrerpelpe vo Kolepyn0ei ouornporrr<o n
n rn <evrzerr<n upoooio)),Kctro.rnv onoiq (or UVnUn mg ryrpog exeivng on rnv qvuevrzer-
poxnroi rng Axpouec)SKcll rou Mvnlreiou rou (Dr- rn uoparof,,n. r
't"ri"rM
eh

?
AOTOTEXNIA

Tcr oxeuxq yeyovro. xouv r<oroypcrqreiNcu pe-

ern8ei crnrnv Ioropio. O rpnog,pog, nou oro-
tunBnxov orn ouoyrxn UVnUn puopei vo ecl-
vei xur on ro ixvn roug orn -A.oyorexvio, rov euoi-
o8nro xrn u'rv xpcrooprivrng euoxng rng. ev
civor. ou-roLe. iyo ro xcilrcvo. ro onoio ovop-
povror oro Noepprcrvn.'Hpoprupio rougpog iver
rn rooroon rng ouyxivnong, xr Ue rnv r<oroxpr-
on rov npo[eorV rorv xpovoLoyrdrv, rr,tv ovoporov,
crl,crpe rov qvriKruno nou eixcrvotoug crv8puoug
froD rcl znocl KOr Ft rnv ovopvnon nou oqnoov
orous UercryeveorepoDs. Alizey rrovrc)S,vcr onUr-
oBei u Kcvev on ro pyo nou Bcroqre, ox1rn
xot oq ypoqLnxov opyorepoxor or ouyypogcig
roug nf,,epovrcr oo qxoouBnoqvrov E8vrr<r-
xoog, ev uuoornpizer qrnveporn pio n rnv nn
neupo.
To npro xpovooyrxo xeipevo nou xio unqrn

flmq{$$$$$\$cx*xxxxxxg*ffi6xrexwltx
}fr;&- ffiwwwwrywq,
@pc:la,{!;l#v
K" FTexpmgx$:rsitq"
&wx.Ypwwffiwwww*wwq,
#$.$Twtrwm6$ttw*&tlm$-;llrriffpmq
wffim
W,ffimffiwazs*q

pou eivor ro rnynpo rou npooOevn Bourupo
(1871-1958) <O crnxnpog>, ypoppvoprgro-
oepo xpvro pero ro yeyovro (upcoronpooreurn-
xe oro A,Iouparo 1920),O nporoycovrorngrou, crv-
Bponog povoxrr<gxor rpuyxoopog,neprnovre-
rcrr oroDgnOnvoixogpgougrnv nepioo rou o-
noxeropo on rnv Avrcrvr. Av r<or orxog rou
ouyypo(peoeivor vo oer rnv Euxooyio rr,rvro-
<pporv upoocbnov,nepr8oproxv xor prxpooorov,
on ug ovrolregerxvegrns zong ornv nporeou-
oo npooAer oS Kupro npnpo n eerqmo- on ro oniu, ro Eo rtov evrzerxvyro rcrovri-
yo8v xor ouvoNou8qn ueivo. Or uooror e-
f,oxoouBouv vcr xotronepvov, ev or gro-rxoioyr,r-
vizovrcrr vcr enrrooouv pe xpro, orogieg, ou-
nrvcr,xopourrroxr or<o.. flooi trre8oxonouvyrcr
vo f,excroouvrn Erorxrxn xor pizepn zconroug. Me
eovepn erpcovrr<n mBeon o Bourupog uopouoro-
zet vcrvon roug ef,,cr8i.ropevous npoeg rou vcrcr-
vcrKoTeDel ornv xouevro rou, crvnlreoqorq oxro
yro yuvoir<egNcrrqoynro, ro zrunUo rng peyoo-
ovng rnE @ungKor rnv of,,io rng xprouovrxng
Opnor<eicrg, ev evog oog upooer rnv crf,io
rr,ni crpxcrirrtvEnvorv, nou ev ouyxpivovrcrr pe
roDsouYxpovoDs.
Ee evcrcrornynpcr rou, ro <Mpeg rptrrou>
(1932), eounzer ro 01rorou or<prgoro Noep-
provn Kor orn poxn rng A8nvcrg.Hpog rou Kcu
no.reivqr or onoi av8pornor,uou nopor<oouSouv
ro yeyovro oUrroxor, qIo xor ovopor yro onor-
onnore ovrioroon. frq vo Eovei xorepo n o-
povercrrou oou,o BourupogronoOereirnv roropicr
rou oe urcrtprc'rxrxnouvorr<io,ornv neproxn rou on-
oeiou, ouevcrvn ou ro pvnpeio rou @rononnou
xor pororo rnv uepropizeroro prxp onlrr< prog
orxoyverog.To nporo.yeyovro npooovror
on ro qirpo rou orevo.rrouxo xcipou:p-
trrocr
oo on nE ovupooergrcovroEpcovpev rns, ro
rporoug rov opxizouv or nupooropoi,rnv o-
yc,rvioyro rougrxogrougcrvBpnouguou..eiuouv
rrowo, rnv upoouo0erorous vo nnpoEopn8ouvtr
oulroiver ou rougyeiroves,ro ogen ouxvo ox-
rcrroug orcr ocreuouv n qxove. Everxux
yro rnv eerqrnnnporppnong,oo r<oror,rorng
xpiong eivcrrro yeyovgu ev puopov vo.nopouv
Beon onevovu oro oo oupoivouv. Aor uuo-
vror yrcr roug fooug orporrreg,oor yro roug
Enveg.To pvo vnqrcLro npoc'tuoeivo.ro veo.-
pg yrog, tpcvepgrpopecrg rov erpnvlorrxv rev
rou ouyypoEcl,froDoe ovtiBeon pe ro evrzerx
norpo rou nver u eivcrr crwiBerogpe loug
xor xupiog pe rov netrro: <<Ootra in eive. Ke-
ruxrng!...Ooo totxouv autoi, ot pnepneg, Ba
atparoxuAterat o xo1tog!...Tt Katzep, u Toapog,
u llpepog! OAot ro irc eive pvo ta ovpata
aAAazouv!...K' eneua Vta va ra nopc xat nrog
ra 1ery:Otav naAeouv aAoya apaua u 0-
et to nerewapati va prrJ orn pon; (...) ev rc

46
 0 Avrdv4g
rq rov on ovOpcononou rexrr<ei,xr,tpigenuu- Tpoutrovrdrv4g
xio., of,roupeneigouv8nxeg zong, ixrogvcrrou rro- (onevovrr)
yver rnv qruxn o Eog on ro oxero Tov roxu- Kor0 Ouvfonq
pv rng fng. l-leroqg-
roqropenxn eivo.rn uepiurtoon rou ooorcrrorn Atopli|$
Koro flopopirn (18751931)Kol rou pu8roropnpo-
rg rou O Kxxtvog Tpayog (7924),uou rcrpopo-
rizercrron ro. pocrrou Noeppiou 1916S ro Ue-
oo uepinou TnSenUevngxpovrcrg.Me ooEn reo-
oyrxn rono0ernon ooxoeiruroro pyoour Uern
Beon rng epyouxng rof,ng crnevovuoro zrunpo rng
eroourng Eoo.gorov nepo.Orov evogEor-
rruns enonpiver u n (rrUn rng ncnpiog>r ro e-
noer vq ovuoroBei oroug fcroug(rnv ncrpcr-
Uovn rcJVNoepprovdrv),o f,uoupygeiqrovog
rou qlovro: <<AAAnivai n natpia n n oou Kl
an n narpia rcu nootou. Aur eivat rc oay
oro, rptavetpvo va rc oxegrciE xai povoxoE oou.

Wwwt,*sm
ffiffiffiwffiffi*g*xwxwemffi{&pwffiffxss
w ffiW{&Wffiwffiw wKffiffi*mgxffi
p;lcxww ffiwqr$ffi
ffi{$xg*]$p$qffi
$
wwewffi K{k ws
wffi wrw m*%ffilfr ffiffiwwwffi

{pet xeivoE, o Bevue\oE oou a, nroEeva aarn- (...) Aonv, anxrnoe npta narpia txn oou x'
pa an rptAtx n aAyou, 0a to ouvrpitpet; (...) uottpo tnoultt VJarnv upn tng'.
Eipat xarc rav aoAtltav. ytati. to ptxportpo. 1t- fto" vo unoornpif,er rn Beon rou o llopopirng u-
vo n Etpnvn (ppvttnv euruxia! o nepog rpep- uoypolrlrizer pe peovo xpporo rnv ovtiOeon o-
vti, Kel vtKn(popogvo 'v, tn qtdxeta Kai Lnv o- volreocrorouguoorouEKor rous eroxous. Or npo-
ultia!..>> Tor,flou KorexolJvrov xpour pnxovrop, eivor o-
uuro qvnOrxor xcrr xqrurzouv rous xoog xor
crpoKrnprorxgeivor o rpnognou reer- ooovrotrrvougepyoregxor rovootrrsvoDg, rroD cr-
ver ro rnynpo pe ro povoyo rou vecrpou YOVTZOVICI ylo rnv OIKOVOUIKn KOrrrveuU(rrrKncr-
nporo, crltoyonrculrvoucrn tnv nolrxn neeu8epoonroug. Avcrpeocrroug o rpotnrng ro-
xcncrotuonornv norpicr rou, crqKor otr EBeiperoroo npooeyyizer roug nproug, ev ef,cr-
rov rpno uou n roE8opn tng nporcrg yvizero"l pe rov nptorn rou Bcrvcuoornv ovnnoe-
zong ropver ng ouveinoelg rov ov8pc'lui,tvxor grxn ronoon rurveurcpt-rv.
roropOvervcrxctoorpqr uS oxroers roug,TrSor- flopcr rn oxnponxn rou unBeon O Kxxtvog
KoyevcrcrKcs. rrg qrArxE.oxpn ror uS r-pttrrrKcs Tpayog, ro povorx pu8rorpnpcrcruoxtrerouxo cr-
Uernv cvrtrrornrqrou roDSenroer:<<MeAay- {prepopevooro Noepprovo.,qanizer xo0opo prcr
xoia opag rpa ato1av1nxe va rov t<uxAtovet. rcrqropeuxnrooroon sKeivng rns roroprKns n-
-Ma yta Aunopat, ine, ynti uno1tat; prou, gpvovrog oro [pooKnvro xr uS eBvrxeg
Epeva n natpia pou Kot too xa1e Ko^oD av- Kor norrrKegotro ug xorvc,tvrxg ropcrxeg.
Bpnoo, nou arcBaveLal, xi tnv qreutrcn eeu- Aiyo xpvro opyrepo o Avrvng Tpouovrvng
1epta, nou poa pag rpuaxizet rc xparcg Kai to (1867-1943) oro xorepoepyo rou, ro puBrorpnpo
e1vog,n narpia eive n xa1e yovn n ceuBepn Aenaoia ptag zang (1936),xover exrercrpevno-
nou 'xet avotxtv opizovta! Eive rc 1tpognou vcr<popo oro Noepprovo. Tnv roropio ognyeiror e-
pevoDv noAireg ee1epot,rilttot xat xaoi xat vog opxero rrppuBpogrxoouNg,o Ayyeng,no-
to Kparcg ev unapxet va orpayxaioet tn ox- veog rre Kor pe ro verpo vo yiver onoucriog
qrn lr.ai va poutpnf,et tpra xat ailta! >> rorruns. Eug opxgrou 1917Erover ornv A0nvo e-
O Bourupog,nou unorurrvei pe of,roynvo- nrrxovrog upooyr'ryn.
lrn rnv xoBnpeprvrnro,exEpozerreegcr8rocrv- <Hrav fevapng LoD1917,uo pnveg oxtv u-
Bponrouxegxor npocreroro uo ouro rnynpo- orcp' arr xeiva ra ryopepctNoeltptava
AOTOTEXNIA f]npnr'f Fr
O xopog og avo-xamt. To xpatog ltag pi-
ffiwtffiffir{fir*ffi&
oKovLev o nuon' ro pto eixe unooua1ei a-
n rcuE Awavrneg, rc ao ltto aAAnorpyo-
vLev Kai pepd p rnv nppa xootilvovrav n-
Ypffiil-ffiffi
ploootpo.
O Qoupvte, o lxuyeltev, o Poxgtty, o Eru,
o Mnooapt, ot EeveyaezoL KuprapxoDoev orn
zan Kei otnv tltuxn Aav.
Aiyo npw, eixe yivet rc ava1elta rou Bevtze-
Aou, xat iorog va pioxotrrc; ax1ta ornv xopu(pn
tou oapo rc atpaLo)pevo t<etpat tou anoNettrtaAt
opvoD taupou. nou tixav ornort tNti yta va
o op Boizt t t nv xapat pnon.
O anot<AercpoE oLvDt, xat an rc Keparoivt
orcvovtav n nptpvovrav xaBe ouypn La tpo-
pepa rcrciyparpa.
H neiva ev dxe aKolia nap Lnv anentott-
Kn erLaon xat vtaon no nnpt apyorcpa, Lo tlr@-

Yx ffi*g*e#xv$i{# *#4qevffi ffi*q}e#*w,zr,p{*"T3'rt

#rr*v ffiffi***frx*. m*u *t;txxY* uq*wW.ffi,za*w.*
&nsxqi*" *n*a*q w*t ru#ffi *ffiffi* &xw* dqsils#s +.:
1t"l
.'..:
-"d$)gf#-

1ti 1tagnrav poupo, avanaropvo pe xpfiapt (to rous rro ovuuo0nrrxoug xcrpcrr<rnpeg rou pyou, o
xapounqtatlto ynxe apyttpa), rt o rtrtcortopg onoiog orn ropxercrrov rf,errrvriov Oreeu0e-
eixe eaua1ti roo, ore an ug xa rc pau pcovnpocrerenrerxuxcrrcrqrroevrzerxcr rou
xat n Opvon axpa ntav xataoxtetvn>>. oroOnpctcrNcrrucrpcrno nourizer,enern orn-
O Tpouovrvng,oe ovriBeon Uerous o npon- pizercrr oug yvr,rprpiesrou Lre roug upeoergrng
youFCVouS. xpnorponoreiro xroDllop.nou qrovcrtig Avrcrvr.
ro oopr<oop,yrcrvo.oxerooerUexcrpoKrnprorrKes fJoroo, o Tpctucrvrt'-rvng enrxpiver xupittg
enroppere g ug oxoeg r<o0npeprveg ouvBnxeg. ororxeio rng rrcour<ngNo.rxr rng n1rorogzto-
@rnouxogornv rpooonrxn tou zon, xovrcrg,rl- ng. Euvorxo, Aornv n rcrpoypevn nonrxn r<o-
Bovroro,po0er og ei<noreutrxgrnv of,ictrns oD- rcroroon nopouorozetor og ef,coreprxyeyovg,
ereprnrogxor ro xorog rns ovorxrns uloornpr- oov vo or<1rnnurxvir rng Moipog, ornv onoicr
f,ng notrxcirv redv, npotrerNupir'rgrnv npo- xoveig ong xor riptog cl8pt'ruog ev Uuopei vcr
onq8ero rrrrv crvBput'rvvcr eurroouv, ev oor ovuoro.0ei.
xepizouv on tnv ovc[crpoxn.Or rNoi rou npoeg,
Unopolr<ornpororuucrnor,ev exouvooqrn u reeirogrcnpopeuxnoxonro nerro
reooyrxn ronoBernon oure croxoouvrorpe rnv yeyovro o Oovoonglleroctl.ng-tognng
nourxn. Meprroi uopoxoouBouvreeiorgnoBn- (19041995) oro cruroroypcnprx p.u8ror-
rrxcrro yeyovro(rrorogvoorponiognpu,csunclp- pnpLoAeNarpia xpvta. An ro 1909oro
xoDvoe orcroxeuxo epyo),ootevroEepovror 1922(1564).Xrnv oqrnynonrou ouvuozer
yrcl to npootunx oupecpovKol rnv xoAonc-
tr-lovo rn puOonooio,rnv KorcrypoenloroprKov yeyovo-
poon rous. O Ayyeng,ov Kcll evrecbg otorpopog, rov Kcll uS npooc[rKegcrvcrpvnoerg rng no.rrNng
unoxpiveror ro Eovoux oor<ppovcr, eto4rozer rou nrNicrg.To reeuroiootorxeio rr<orooyei rnv
pororo r<ornoinpcr yro rov Etpcnnorn Krrrvoro- <cnpen>uponqm xor npoon opxerv yeyo-
vrivo, yro vo. xepioer rnv evorcrrorv Enrorparcov vrorv cru rov nou vecrp oqrnynrn. H cLqnynon
rrou Kuprcrpxouvorn nporo zron.Au rnv on, yevrxo porozer ovuKerUevrKn,ogoD oor npcoeg
peoo ou vov nporo puopope vo roxpivouperc, rou pyou eivor evrzerr<oixor qor xovorovu-
ooEg ovuevrze..rxo oroBnporo.rou Tpcruovr- vrxoi xor ror or ovoyvoreg pcrBcrivouvrooxrxo
vn. O ouyypogog oxerozel rvcrv epnopo, on rcl enxerpnpcrro roug, roug tpougKctrrrs tf,etg

48

rcus.A^o n onpovrrKTpnloeopo.on ro rpon-
youUco KiUvoeivor rr e or npcoegeivor pe-
yooooroipe oupperoxn orn n1rorozon, srrop-
vog ro nponUoro rou ovrtlreru_ruizouv oxerizo-
vrcrrxt pe rnv neivcrxqr ng crtreguoNoiegrng
xoOnlreprvrnrog,oAcrIr rn volrn rng ef,ouoiog
Kol rnv emxpornon nonrxv Oeoer,tv.
Oo ro nponyouUevo epyo ovnNouv ornv Korn-
yoprorne lroprDprog,yrori or ouyypoEeigroDSezn-
oov rcr yeyovto, ronoror Uororclouppereixcrvo'
ouro rcrr xoro8erouv rnv rrpooo[rKn rous onorpn.
Irrunn poprupio.yrcr ro Noepprcrvo,oEou orn-
plzeror v pepel oug ovcrpvnoersroD optivupou
lporoyovrorn rou, eivor xcrr ro nonpoqoro pu-
Brorpnpcrrou Ocrvoon Bcrrrvo (1932) Euva{apt
Avrpea Koponarn. BAio Aetepo: BaNavr
Koi -'22.nou xuxAotpopnocecros:
<@mva ornv Opvota, txti ytvrav xanltg.
Eixav pepmoug oe uo xapa, eltevoDE,KoJ toL)E
yupizov. Tpaaat napanava, oro aya1ta rcu
KoAoxotpvn eixav aoug,Beav va toDgKa-
qrouvctutoDE. Hrav evag rcnypog Eoiv, ptoo-
yppavog,xat yuptze Seonn@vrougavBpnoug.
Ercxerat rte evag xaporpuaxagpnpoora pou,
1epio. Me eie {evov, pou Aee4znKD o Kavora-
vrivog. Znral tpavaza ey uvarrcpa xat orpi-
a. Xa1nxa pocrotov Koolto va pn 1teyvapioet
KAV19.
H npdrq
Bynxa pnpoora otov Baotxnno. Exei nrav exoOq rou
rc onfut rcu rytapxou Kovra, xat tov tixev xarc- pu0rmopf porog
aott orov popto.tov iooupvav. rou Kooro
Epxetat evag xaltang, pou ivet pta pouc- l-lopopiqu0
vru oanva. Ano puon. Mou eet, Nonava a- Krixxrvog Tpriyog".
eprpe,xonava. Ainu,ro
Apxloa va fnv xouvaa orcv apa. Hpouva e(tirrpuo rou
paxwaoltevog, rpayouaya Kat Vo "'lou airou o r4yliporog rou
VioE't>. A4;roo0ev4
H onpovuxn upooqropcr roDoro Belronou UoSev- Bourupd uMeFrS
roEepereivor u rono0ereinouuopooronxo ro e- Tptipou"
nerorocrurpeoo oro peyoo xxo rcvqn-
veuov xor ouvexpevr,tvnoeprNv yeyovrc,tv
(Boxclrxoi, llpdrog lloyxoprog, Mrxpoorouxn
Koroorpogn), nou ouvrcrpo.f,ovrn x6po. llou ue-
proorepope oAeucrneg oqnynoerg -crvnpe-
ocrrous Kor UlcrgUrKpnSfeppovicrgnou onekrOn-
r<erte pe rnv orr<oyeverorng cru rnv ABnvc.
upooer on roqopes onrrKes ytrvieg rov clv-
Bpnrvo fiopoyovro, uS UopruprKeszuresoro xcrpcr-
KLroron ro peruroOeyrous orpcruuruKoDs Kol rov
opoxo nn0uop, ougprypsvousoro vuo rng
purerpog,nou cre8erov ruo r<orro o..
Aurg uunpf,e rsrKo o pogrrtvrc',lvKelpevov
uou eio1re:u pe roug noopctrxoSroDSnpoee
pnpeoov vcrcioouv <<qrotvn> xr oroug rrpcDTcryo-
vrorS rov yeyovrov cro.orov ou cruou o.-
vtef,e rov E8vrx rxcrop, ncogr<<r.r rocr cro
ervo pe grcrv ei.nio (roruncupevncrrrovov npoJo
oro reogto's Aexatpia xpvta):
<<An tnv Kataotpo(pn, tv pnopti, KoLt Ba
yet xatvopto. An xaBexataorporpn...Oa aA-
)oupe, iyo iyo, ot paE va x,oou1tetvav Nat-
voupto xo1to>>.
'HMEIO'H
1. O M.M. Iloncrltlnvvou ornv Erooyoyn roD orov Kxxtvo fuor ne(ovureg
Tpavo (K8ipa, ABnvo 1978) onpsldvsr UeplKcroKUn pnpoororo
oxenxo pyo rov fJerpou ArpBovrcnn, Nono.,eowcr Aqporrxd 0eorpo
llonoyeopyiou ror Kovpou KopB<riou. I tlerporrirov lovro
r o u1 9 1 7
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1
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H [l4vedn4
A6ro
xoro KUnTov (ogouyypuqeoq
Moxev(r perfro 1920
neov)
50