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 EAEY@EPorynta-S ,o MA,,rtoy 2oo,

IITOPIKA
MIKPO: O XOPO:
Yro vcr neprypoqlerourn rnv
repoouo er<orporeiorou Moxevo
oorro xcrr noe1norn,rrou Uero rn
on rr,tv eooreprNv perrirnrov
uonoreiro oxero lou ncnpo Lou
yro rnv enr8eurcn ovrrperuron rcrv
Ilepov.
H vrxngpo nopeio rou percr rn
poxn rng looou enexreivcrot ornv
lloororivn Kor rnv Aiyunro, 0.rr'
nou rxvr rous flepoeg xcrr
tpuer rnv Aef,vpero.
Koroo1rcrverrnv xopto TnS
flepoiog, rnv llepo[on, xr pxeror
n oerpo crxpn Kot rns Iviog.
Meoo cruoEoepeguoroieg,
onereg rpiurvKor crvrclpoieg,o
Aefovpog oro 327 n.X., oe nrxio
porg 29 xpovov, exer orcr nro rou
pxr repoouo ouroKpcrropinorpn
Kcrl yro rn onpeprvo eopevcr.
peyoorprli'u,
llqreio, lroipo,ro1q,oeevonpdoono:MeyogAe{ovpog Auvooreueroo ror exnotizey
To envrrn xporn rov Beonorov.
Mro Oeonoinon uou Bo ouvexrorei

Ef,ilnuh6rnro nor per ro Bnvcnrou orcr33 rou

xpvrcr,xoOg n yn rns
Aef,rlperog Bo exeror ro oryuxo

lt0tnof,Hhn o<ilporou Mcrreovo oorrcr.

BAI| EAHX NANAf OIIOYAOE

SFrqfif-,t+.7N
TAXPONIA -qIi: MOIPA AAE=ANAPOE.
THENIOTHE 'H
TY)(H E^^HNIKOTHTA
Herno6euorl To yeyovro Epoornq
rouAtre[dvpou Korn 0T00n rouetrr1vrxo
ror11rtrlpovogro lloglrovorrr1g notruLopo,
rouO(nnou rrp000rK0TrlT0q otro
notrurr9...
;{li

Yneouvo5fiGoqnq BAffE H: f}ANAfOflOYAO:

tnd4n '^nq tflouoq6f,oons

NA:O: TKOAEI/H' :TEPIOI OA:OYMKHT

tuvrouoFq. enrp6ero
NIKOI BAPAIAMflAIH:
[!'ffi[i1s#"'*.'iyi'ig",.;gg;'.o;;1;^"#lfo
KATEPINH
AAMNH
onoy^oy :OOIA APAKAKH
MuForompy6rcq OAIAQNMMIFKOY H: npCyoy
BAIIAH: KAPAA:HE- ANO:TOAO:AIAIVANTHI OOTOEKAOTIKHA,E,
Haf,rpovrKh
reOwmistorika@enet,gr To nopov trLplorKo tropdcror bupcov
Fozl pe mv E^EYoEPOTYnA.
Aoovoperor n ourore,Lnenu^nm loD
 wfrfuotrE
roroprrn
O Meyoneqv6poq:
npqypourtnrq KqrHEoq(ID
ug orol,erg orpnnogrng
puO-roropiogypr,rcu rov
Meyoef,ovpo 0o. ueprucrvnSopeyro
iyo oro oqreprv, erepo,ppog rou
onpertirporgpcrE.elrxerpdrvLogvo
ovrxveDooupeevo prxp ppog gvov on rnv.
ornv r<uproef,,io,orr<oupevrr<nro.oroonrng
Uopeng Lou.Mro Uopen nou orvcg rtirpo
curzci orn ouAoyxn pvnpn on
roEopeuxeg xorvrovieg ovOpnr,:v oe Uro
nouoxrn oerpcron nopooyeg.
fro rn xprotrovrr<nncrpooonn xo.8rpoon
mg oef,ovprvngxorvng o.noreei,nrog
clcrecpcrUeoro rponyopevo onpeitlpc. rnv
ouorcirnupou8eon vro rnv ef,ouolonrou
Spnoxeuuxou yporog oe o.rq eBvn. Ao
xcrr n nopcroon rov unornr,rvo peyoov
govo8eiouxv Spnoxeuuxv oypctr,rv
rornpnoe oe Uro nepionrn Bon rn popEn: ro
repo rio rorv Iouoirov 8eouv rov
Mor<evo.orpornorn vq xer orpqer ro
Oe oro No rou Eoopcivrog,evrilro Ioop
LovxoLo.yer o.volreoooroug upognrcs rou.
O Aef,ovpogrourizeror, ou rnv nerovrnro
trov Oeoyovrou Ioo1r,pe rov ou8vrn rng
AvorongKor rns ong, ro <rxpnro>> (<<Zul-
qarnain>). nou ovo.rpperoloro Iep Kopovro
(orixor 18.93-09).H popEn rou Af,,ovpou
xcr cmznocr 1rorgxor ornv lpcrvlKn
nopooon,eopuoUevncuoroope ro
ovef,imo oriypo rou Kcrroxrrun. fiou
xoreorperpe evo.peyo.oUepog or ro repo
),iq rou zopooorpropou...
A t <@rroroior-roroprxoi>(yro vq
oqrioouue rn pnon rou Hegel oro
{ |
\-/ nponyopevoonpciopo UoS)cv
uoEov uor roug vo. npool,.Louv rn rxn
roug err<vo,Eopuogvn Ue rov uuor<erlrevrop
Kor rnv reooyiaroug. Eror, ev eivor pvov
or ovrorpntor <0eropnrrr<obrcovopeiov pog
yenvc'rv(oro Ernro.,oo xor opr<eroiornv
Aclicr) nou xouv evrof,er rov
Meyoef,ovporogyevopxn oroug
eBvrxrouxog puBouguou t<o.repyov,
o.Lo xor or npouoyovrorg prcrgrro.irepng
yevernoxrg nporipnong nou xotoeyouv
rov Meyo"\ef,ovpoovolreoo orous gay heroes
rng Ioropiog...
H orxoulrevrxn, rootoo,rooroon rou p8ou,
nou r<upropxein popgn rou Meyo.\flavpou,
ovuxorourpizeror ou ug norxieg
nopo.Loygrou <popovrzou>(non: rou
ognynporog uou xer ouvrqxBei orn
<nprbn>,rn popovrxn, yooo) uou or,roe
n uopooon, roo ornv Avqrol,n oo xqr orn
Aon, ou ro Meooiorvo.Ernv Avoron
(flepoio, Ivieg, Agyovrorov) n nopooon
eivor xoro llpro yo npotpoprxn xor
rornpn0nxe oxev qnoxeroux an roug
<nopopu0ocg)) oro nozopl.
f.t rn UeoorovrKn ^uon ro (poUovtzo))rou
) Meyoef,,ovpou Bo evoppovrorci
l-r o8proio.pe ro oroBrnrxo npruno uou
KUpropxouv quoo.ovrogo ror
Ilcplooolcpo Inv (lotoplKolru0)) rou: o
Aef,ovpognopouorozerore r,lgn
cvoopxoronrou oroupoqrpounyepvo-
KroKrrun, o ouoiog, xoBonyopevogo.uro
8eorqro oyyeo, oxopnizer rov e8poxor
Kor Loug<ourorougD
rrlrtlpei roug ert'-roorpes
oLnv AvoLonnou potrvouvlrc rnv nopouoio
roDSLouSAyroug Tnoug.
AEnynporo uou, xr.lpig opEroio, qvnxouv
orov ropo rng puO-roropiog,ol,o ev uqouv
ooroo vq exouv rn rr<nroug roropxn o[,io,
cucrn ovtovoxouv tn voorpolio xot ro
ilveupcrrng eloxng rous: Tnv opvnrrxn errvo
nou ouvrnpei n on yro rnv <outorn>
Avqron. Erxvo nou Bo elrryuxoerrerxo
roDSorcrDpoqpoug yro vq euueoouvro
<Oeopeoro> pyoroug...
@aiav Mo-lLtgotfrng
Aef,ovpogBeonorn8nr<e vopig, oo n <roroyn>yro rnv orroon Beixv
rrlrv oro upoon rou rooornKeorcrnn8n nou nopor<oou8ooov roug
Olulrnroxog Ayveg iyo npv ou ro Sovorrou ro 324 n.X. on rov
Nrxovopo, yolrrp tou AproLoren.Trc o xoopoxporopogonoirnoc o.n Loug
Envegvo nouvoro npooro rou vov <ovixnro 8e>.
<AEo ro Ber eeyovor nooi- vo yiver Kor yros rou iq Kol rou
flooervo> (X. Oeoopin, Enixoupog, Eorio, o. 9B).
florog rou oepr.lgoro puo rnv reo rng Seixng xorcryroyng; No rov
uepvov yro Be,yro rou Appovo; Nq rov orpeouvoo rov Aiq Kqr rov
Hpoxn; No nqrrouvpnpoDlrurctKrunvrog Ue ro Koreoro eoEogor Eior
roDKcn or ouprnoeprorcs rou. oupeoivcrUCro nepolK. qoroLrxrunrx AoLpeiog
rov Bev,nprSrovr<orqori.ov;
Onoonnore n onouropxionpouoBterrn Seoxporio xr qurn eivor pro oyrxn
efinynon. <<Awnn niorn mg unoLu1pevngSelxng quong rou xpnoipeue ag
epyaAeio entong>(Ilour., A^., 28,6).
O irog progErooeKorrore,ruEr,rpevog on' rn f,o, oro onpeio vq nroreer
u cxnnpciverroxorcg npognreicg Kcrrxpnopous:
Exunr<rogromorcitver,rov rpcrulrorizror,rr <<autnou rpxet aa tnv
nnyn eivat... aipa xat xt to "txp" nou xuAaet oug rpeegrav paxapiav
Beclu>(Ae[,ovp.Tuxn B', 341 A-C).
Emorureror ro povreio ornv oon Xio.xo.r o Aryuuuog repo.grou Beou,
0ovrogvcrrov xcllperioerenvrr<oxor xoucogrpuqpo, rov eixe onoxoeoet
-pog nnporpopeio llorcpxos- <<natiow>, non <<natiport>.Ao pe rn
npoprxn rou [po(popo rou eirre <<natiog>, rpriyovrog ro re],euro.ioyrou
<<natiow>xor ozovrog oiypo. To <natiog>, pcrtg,oxouornK crrrrnv
or<oou8io. rou oorrqoS (rra] rog>, noit <<ytercu Aia>>(lloutopxou,
AeSavpog,27, 9).
Orov o Aefi,ovpogporoer ro Be vo Uq8er(eov eixe rrpopnoel rous rpovroeg
rou rlcrteporou)),o repeog-opgovo pe rov ropo- rou qnqvro ucog<aurog
rou tov eixe yevvnoet, ev pnopooe va oAorltovn1ei,arpounrav o itog o
8eri9>(ropog XVII, 51.3).Kor rxoiotg.Tnv uprn vuKrcl rou yolrou rou
OrLiuuou pe rnv Oupurooxr ev proxrov pnzi rng oro vugrx 0oo1ro,
nqvo ornv rorr rng rreoeo xepouvg rou rg. O xepouvg yov4ronoinoe ro
ooprov xor rte, errg on rn povrn, <<oercpg yeveLo,orc rcv navra
xo1tov ouyxwnSnvat>.
Mero. BovqrovSeopn8nxe xor perevocrpK(oon rou Arovoou.
Errg crurn Oeonoinon,n ooru<n<nponoyovcuoro xpvro rou
reeronorn8nKe.Tov neprororxizouvol (roroproypoEorrng oung>:
KqroBvng,Ovnoixpnog K.cr.rrou ouv8erouvpuBouoriegxor enouorieg.O
Eulrvng eixe rn re8uvon rav <aoi^ntav erpnltepiarra>, nLon rr,tv
oori,rr<v egnpepirov oug onoieg xoro.xc'tpizovrorro r<oSnpeprvo. rou
xo.top8tirporo.O iroEo Acf,ovpos((cixc o.nolnoer vo quoxver LrgnporolrE
roD Uvov o AorII[os Kcrrrcr Iloprpero rou o Aueng>.

-!{_ixgg"Bapapgaqng
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fl,ru l
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XPON
M NEANIru
repo rou oe LrrclKorporeicrorn opoxn.' o Ioor<po-
TouH^IA Kov,nqxtorn
rns ypoQovrclsrlps rov oiIlmo, o onoios rnv 0-
pogrou ELcOcpoullcr''emo-rnpiourou
noxn eKivnixe nn eporoerrnv Kuplopxiorou
Bepotrivou
orn vIro Ba.Lr<ovrNn, BepnoeKovo onsuOuv-
Bei xcrroro yro rou oorrorng MoKeoviog.Aev n-
rov n flp{l]rn Qopcrflou o IooKpc[nsorpe(prov Ilpos
rous nyuvOsrns enoxns rou Kcu rroirpo [pos
rov Oirnno. Or irpoono8erS rou vo. ouonorpoer
ooxporng ror Aprororng rous trnvesur rnv Kooonynon vSxoplopo-
Eut 342u.X. o ynpcrrSpruopcrslooNpcung,uou rlKOUnYern, o olloios lre rn orpo rou Bo voi.op-
rre nrcrv g4 xpvtov,crnnuBuveFrcl ouvropn errr- ove vo crvr4rerornioer przrKornv reporKn o[ern,
oron oro eNorerpoxpovo Afovpo (Ioor<.,En- nrov cTrovLrnppcvcs. rliou-rrougKpurovro oi-
or. 5). O veopgMoxevcg pror<rovp0 rov rcr, rnFo rou nove.LnvropoD, ntron rns BsnonsYio
TOY
MEIANAPOY .r[.flenroyri
rouAprorore4
oq ooKou
TouAeqdvpou
rrp0K0treoe
Tnv0vri00on
tnv urspoon Tov ovrtrKrv perotu rov snvr- rrog, iyougUnvSnprv o Oil.rnriog eixe opioer oS
rrilv uecov,xor xupic,tgrng A8nvo.g,rng Xnoprng ToulooKpTn (2),
ooxoo rou Aef,ovpou,rov Aprororen.' Eixe
Kor rns Onog.'H otryrorn nyepovrxn ouprrepr- pororo gpovrioer vo ef,ooEoioerylcl ro vsctp
o ofloioq
on40uve
Eopo ourv rcovreeuroicoveixe perorpryer poo npiyxrno, roug ouvolrnrxoug tov aotAtxoug
oe vev orvo toug vrKruSrou Mopa8vo Kor rng
srlorolirpoq
raieg xor ro cror<o. roug, ug rovrxeg ouv8n- yro
rovOifunno
Eoopivogoe svrooxougrou llepon oorrq.H xeg peerngo' evq eruronppog pcrxproot To0rpoouTd.
cf,erf,nouLn.ouvutpoopcvnpe plo ocrpoon Kor- rnv oun rng IIog,orn Miezo. Aur ev Eoive- 3.Ae{ovpoq
vovlKo xor orxovoprxcrnponpcucruou nrcv ioo_rg rcrr vo nouopeoeorov Ioor<pnrn,oqo rre o Apr- xorHrpororfov
pcrrpvn oupporcrrou lleonovvnorox noepou, ororeng,v Kcrreixe Eyer orr rnv A8nvo, ef,cr- (f xor'rioug
eixe nproupynoer pro Korooroon uou ev rxovo- xoouBouoc oKUnvo OcopciLorevogpo0nrng rou o Kporepg)oe
uorooexovvqv r<orouonooe pro tron. flLrrrrvo, Us rov onoio'o Iooxporng elxe pro pcrit,I xuvriyrrovropro
H euroronpog upog tov A).ef,ovpo eixe o- xpo ovuuopo8eon uovr,t ornv exuo.reuttotrttpo- onrirlr4grtorri
o rivnrpo. O ouorooLrxg yognrov ro yeyovg xuNn. Mro reroro.enroyn onporve yro ro pcr8nrn) rqgIIuq
Exn,qMEYIH
'tl
.
4.Tono0esio ;ili
1,t.,
or4Mie(urqg rou fopyio, rov looxporn, nos o mOovgrooxog
l-leoq
dnou rou pcrxeovrxouBpvou Bo ovoorvrcl oe 8eo-
o Ae[uvpog prnrxooyiegxor oe ovooregouznrnoerg,ev ou-
nopoxoo0qoe r nou xperoztov evog nyelrvog,oov oogpo-
ro ;.ro0fporo
rou vo.rzep,ructv npo ucrvrov vo eivor rxovg pnropog
Aprororeq
r<orvo uo.ipveryxr xcrBenpnpo nou npoxnret
uS ooores onoqro.oerg.nAur croorenrov xot ro
ueprexpevo rns [pcryUorurng qrroooEiogxoro
rov Iooxpcun.
H emoron rou Iooxporn ouoreei ioorgrn trrovo-
n<npog opeon poprupio yro ro exnoreuuNnp-
ypUUnou eueoeo Eroyrpirng otov Aef,crv-
po. H pvn unpoEopio.pr,rguou pnopope vcr
ovr.Lnooupe eivqr ro u o A..ef,ovpogroxrnxe
rnv eprouxn Erooogio, our pr.lg eivo.r no.Lui-

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vxffi
x{3Ksn*sa5NsK{3r3pvptr&ifrJc
rffi&"$ pqxa*
&ffisKmwffi

yo yrcr vo oxnporiooqre pro yv1rn yr rnv uqrerq
rou. Anoreei nopoof,oro yeyovgncogoe oo o-
noonooporo xouv oc,r0eiou roug ouyxpovous1re
rov Aef,ovpo roroprKoug,nou8evo.ev yiveror
5.H puorqproxliyogyro rn oxon rou Ur rov Aprororeln, Kcurro-
Iupo0poxqu ryrepouro yrq ro u rcrxBnxecrn' crurv. neproorepoqn' ouro nou yvopizoupe ylo rnv eK-
Axolrn xor or exlevoreporuorepreporroLopu<oi
rov Koperpir,rv,
rdnogouvvr4o4g rcu Al.ef,,crvpou,uog o Arrrrpogo Erxerrng
rouOinnouxor xo.r o Approvg, eivor ef,orpeuNcroxr,rvrxoi yro
rqg0upnr6og
'h1{'.w,.
--*$
rn oxon rorv o ovpv noro rn rcrprerorns Uct-
Bnreiog rou Af,,ovpoD orn Miezo. Aur oto
ogeieror ornv ovrinqn nepi roroproypogiogrnv
enoxn er<eivn,pc'lgev 8o enexro8o1re oro Opo
our e. Oo npuer oug vo.euronpovOeinolgro
no.ieuon xcrr yevrxrepo yro rcr veovrxq xpvto
rou Aef,,ovpouro ovrope rupiog ou tn Bro-
ypoEio rrou rou crerepooe o flotopxos, uepinou
rooeprgo.rdvegpero.ro yeyovro.'
<Znv xor eu znv))
XulrEcovoAoruv pe rov Xorprovo,nprv oxpn
on rov Aprororen,ro vecrpAef,ovpoeixqv o-
vqlo.er vo. yoouxnoouv xupicogo Aerrlviag rot
xorurv o Auoipoxog.uO nprog nrov vogouyye-
vng rng OJtupuroog, rng pnrpog rou Atov-
pou, xor oxoo8noepro oxnpn oyoryn,nou
pcrovev Bo eixe vo znqer xqr uoo on rn
oncrpuouxn.'E' ourv 8o upeuer vo oEeierorxor
n ouyxprnon rns [pooourr<rnrog tou Af,ov-
pou og evg euilrovou xot erinovou ctyovrorn U0
uo)..trqororxeio quro8uoiog, oo Kctl U' evov u-
ueprpoErx eyr'rrop.Aurn rnv xornyopio roupo-
onnruv roulqxrorov or Ercorxoi,or ouoior Becopou-
ocl rros n xcrrn exnoieuon rou A"Lef,ovpou nrqv
n pizt nov xqxv rou vtoKnUtovopyrepo.'
Ooo yro rov Auoipoxo crn rnv Axo.pvovic, rov
<uoroyoy> rou, ruov ourg nou ouvexprverov
Aef,ovpo pe rov AxrM6o, evciryro rov equrtou
eyenorgeivqr o veogOoivrxcrg,o rotoyr'lygrou
Axro, r<o.ro Oi}rnnog vogqoS[roS. H

B

oDYKpronourn ev Q0iveror vo ruov uro cr[n e-
pfrvuon rou AKOpvcwcr,Kor yro vcl yiver ooQnsocl
lpener oro onueio qDrvcr crvct(tr)ep8oDpe
oro yeve-
ooyrKvrpo rou Af,ovpou.n
yvop4rio rou @rinnou Kol rng veopns
Oupuroogorn UuornproKn EopoBpcrxn
Kor n KclroTnvnouvcupcon roug ev on-
porve onlo oxpn vn yolro rou oorm
LngMoxcoviog,rn qopo ourn pe rnv o-
el,En rou roxourns orrKns orKoyevercrs rov
Moooov tng yeuovrxng Hneipou. llepcr on rn
eopvnno}rrxn rcroroonrou eopo oDrou,o-
nog o.ororeouvnBrze o @i).rnnog,ulnpxe KCrr
pro oulroLrr<n:onoreouoernv voon yvr,tv uo
pcyoUv orxoycvcrtiv nou ovnyov rnv xoLoyoyn
rous oe puBrxegUopeS.Or ApyeoegKor o Oiiln-
uog Oeopouwcrvouyovor rou Hpoxn, evri n ye-
or Aroxieg, peoct rou Neo-
vrct rns Oupuro.o.g,
me1rou ercrve pxpr rov Axr.l,o (llour.,
A^8.,2, 1). Orov ornv o uoipoxog onoxoou-
oe to po8nrn rou <AxrLeo>,ev r<overinore o-
o on ro vo unev8ulrizer, pe KooKeuuKrpno
eivor on8ero,pro nenoi8non nou nrov iyo-no
yvororn oroug o.ougtrnveE.Meprxoi orr' ou-
rog,pororo, nog eixver ro nopcrerypotou n-
UooBrm,ev iorozcrvvo rn oorrpioouv.'oALu.'-
ore rnv nepioo ourn n ovqioon rou o.pxoiopou
ornv crunrng llcrgror ro npcorxtopeBv yi
vovrcrvrroirepocrroBnrq.Kr our utoerxver xor
n nl.npoEopio ur,rg o rpirog rcucr oerpo ooxotrog
6. 0 Aqpoo0ev4g
rou Aef,ovpou,o Aprororeng,rou eroiUooeUrcr eviorooe
xoon tng Itaag. Touro ioog oenvr vo evvon- v0 ooTrpioel
Bei uorgo Aprororngpoov uro8erooernv o- ro epo
vrii,nqrn rou uoipoxou, upoxur<o 1rotgev on- flepiKuToyoyfq
poivsr rinore o)o qu ro u iof,e orov Aef,,ov- rouAe{fvpou
po, nog gere,rn oyorexvio." Orrtlg Kol vo - ondrov A1r60
xcr ro npoygo. n lrctq nrov cvo.xeipevo nou e-
epe rrcrwcrUcrzirou o poxprvg onyovog rou [po-
royrrrvrornourorou <eBvrxo>eIIoDgrov En-
vr,rv,o onoiog uunpf,,e evo peycrouptuno ouUne-
prtpopcrg yro rov Aefi,ovpo.Ooo yro ug ef,corepr-
xeg olrorrnteg tou eur<xpropou, xur
f,,ovBo1rcrl,n
<eovrn>Moxevo pe rov Axrcr,crurpo-
ov nrqv upoiv rns euoroyvoprxng ovri).nEng
rng erroxns,yro rnv onoio pro ef,exouoopopEn ev
prropooerropo vo unpoi <eovrcierg>) nporro-
8oergr<orvo onoreei ro crvSpc'tnrvoovooyo rou
oorrqrov z(iov.1'
Exeur<qUe uS lnpoqopieg rou crqo-
poDv rrs crl,egenrornges (n.x. rorpr-
Kn), oLrSonoiegtpoiverorvo cvrpuen-
oe o Aef,ovposlre rnv rpoTpoTrnroD
Eroyrpirn.ev pnopoupcourc vcrrrs c-
nreorooupe.oo xor orc vo rrg
oroppiryoulre." Tiroro ev onoxeier
uorgo Aef,ovpog0o pnopooe vcr eixe
ucrperpro yevrxrepn,(oKonUoiKn) Up-
Eo:on crurov Aprororn. Or (errKoi
enrornpovegi)rroD oKooOnoov
ro MoKevooorm ornv
oKorpctreio rou poov
Dr enreorvoDv.To
oiyoupo eivor u yrcr tn
oxon ourv rr,rv o
ovprirv ro pov roug
eo.iverorvo onpocqrc
ro uope0v LoDSKcll
xr ovtiorpotpo.no-
n. n Scopouxn ef,er-
f,n xcrr rov o r<ove li
nE enpevegyevrSvo ll
ivouv peyotrrepeg i:t
roorcroergorn oxon i , : . i
cDrn, 0rr' , ioog ,,::
npoyporrxo eixe. Metcr
ro 00v0ro xot rr,rvuo,
o ropog nBeevo ur-
oteuel fIoS otn oxon cru-
rn npqypcrrorrorn0nxepe eu-
ruxn ouyxupin n ouvovrnon
rou peyorepouErooEou
Kctr rou peyorepou xcncr-
xrnrn. Aur exEpozer o-
oore enrypc4rlrorrnq xqr n
qpoon nou onoicror orov )
ErnnmEYrH

7.0 peyore-
pogrproorpogAef,ovpo qn rov Yp0ulro rol)
rsxer
ro floropxo, non Iooxporn, an vopig
peyorepo II0)SIn zr,ln oEei.].er ouveuerov ncrpo
xoroxr4rf. orov Oiruuo, rnv e- toD, Kol to vct oKo-
Ae[ovpoq
xor uuuxnpvn r<or o).oxnpc'r- ou8noer r' oxvo-
Aprotore4q pvn p<'rgzorn oro qoxc prcr roD Or..iuuou
oeyxpopoporou. nrov znrnlro xp-
<Xopig Oituno, xcv6vcg AJ\,f,ovpog> vou. Aur eixver
Au progro pm Eoiveror uotg ev quoier eniong Kqr n ovu-
orov Oirnno croo Eo rpene. Ero xqro xorc) Ilouovnolo rou veo-
ourg itcrv uou enef,,erov Aprororn rognaro- pou, IIou unoper loog
yoy rou yroD roD Kclr rou ef,ooEo.LroeKol ro eu vo eppnveDrei r<or og unppe-
znv.Mrtopeito rptnpro rou @r.Lirnouvc pnv nrcv rpn Eroof,,io,rov -Leyerrog o
ouornp <enrornlrovrxo>(. rov looxporn) nor i- uarpog rou ev 8q rou otpnve xc-
oog ylcr rnv emoyn qurn vq 6narf,e peyarepo pra euxarpia vo raxpr8ei (flour.,
po ro yeyovgn<ogo Aproror6ngeixe xol,eg ox- A^E.,5,4).
oers Ue rov Aropvo rpowo Epgeio. Aurg o re-
qr flpoyporrKo, o Oiruuog
euroiog0o propooe vo onOnoerro oorl,ro rng
nrov ourg nou perolrpEcooe
Moxeoviog r<orornv euiSeon nou npoypoppouze
rn Mqxeoviq." To
evovuu orov flpon ool,rqr<oro Aprororl,ng 8o
puopooe ioc'rgvo peooonoer.*AIo Kor rrprv,
360/359 u.X., -
rov ovo.erq
o' vo roo oupol,rx eueroronolgro olroopo
nvio. rou oor}rro oi-
rou BouxeEo.Lo,o @irnnog rcuno3e ro norv rou
Kou, To por<eovrr<xpo-
yrou roD r<or ro u rov npoprze yro roox rou
rog nepvooepro ef,orpeuro -
onporve notg ovoyvprze rnv rroueprnro rou
(Ilour. A^.,6). Aur or,roreo.uoerxverrqr
or<onuepioo.Or uvoourg preg
eixcrv onouvcrlroerrnv r<evrprxn ef,ouoio upog -
ro u o vecrpgAf,ovpog,urogeixver r<orro
Eeog rov rourrv oproroKpcnrKriv orxoyeverv,
Or er"xopevqVvr*q *&comnv $iVmurpq xupir^lgrng Av<,rMoreoviog, rng Opeotiog, rng
Auyxnodog Kor rng E4nnog. Tnv r<oroorqon
6xsmrsryerE srn sx{*sn,&ffi**svpou-ourn erperoernxov or yenovrxoi Iuproi xor
Aprwror*frn cm' ,x iscuq mpy$icmKqeixe pe ug obvexeig empo1rgroug olrEronrooov rq
pra rng poxeovrxng eurrporerog.
Ercreorrrreprxoouv Ue rnv uourxn rou npo-

10
 8.Toopoopo rou
Bouxepfo on
rovAe{ovpo oe
;1xrvo
e4vrmxd
uyoporro
(Aplorooyrxri
Mouoefo
0opevriog).
9. Egmnog
Moxe6vog
-nr0ovdruro
oupnoeprorfg
rouMeyfou
Ae[ovpou-und
ennpproorfq
roureouqrou
4ouortlvon.X.
or4vAiyunro
(E4vopropoixri
Mouoeio,
Ae{6vpero)

oeTcrprouou xeovu<ovqurlKo.tt
KOr Ue rnv Hrov eniong ourg
rqxuxn Ins nou opyovrooero o-
nouyopio.g, o u0 lov TqJpov Tol)
@irnnogxoro.- oorrq. Aut qnore-
Qepev0 Ilcrperu ooe vo eiog enierrou olrorog Moxevr,rv
ro pepos rou Kcrl oo xor ocovEnvrov,nou ougroug vove n
ouorqotrxo vq Seoeru- olreon oxon pe ro oorro,orov onoio Eerovvo
n eyxonr8crvougtou cr- eivqr moroi. O Oeopgrrov eroiprov 0o upner vo
vunooug yro ro Bpvo rng enoupynoexor coguprulo Vr rn nproupyio rou
Morcoviog.'uAnoLeopon- xxou tav aottxv nai@v. Auroi nrov yvor
rqv n evouoinon rng poxeo- emEcrvv orr<oyeverorv, oroug ouoioug emrpeurov
vrxng enrxporerosK01n evu- vo oDvcrvcrorpeeovrqrKor vcr ouvenuqreovror lre
vopoon rng Oongrou @rin- ro rqoxo.H orevn oxon pe ro oorro.nproup-
nou. H evroxulrvn KevrplKn t- youoe rroirepoeyxopregoxoergpozi rou,18 oo
f,ouoio, uou rourtzrov rllo Ue ro Kor pro xqrooroon ef,oprnong on' ourV oEo or
oorrcr,ruov Kl n onopoirnrn upo- veor crutoi, nou roirDvqvoro orev ueproov
uBeonyr Urq oerpo.on o.oygoro rou oorrcr,Urropouocrvvo Leuoupynoouv qvq uo-
orpouour<pnxovrop Kcrroro qorrK0e- oo orrypn rogpnpor yro xnSe orqoroouxn ro0e-
op: yro rov (DirnuonLov oopeg rrt,lsUrclel- on rrou 0o epxrov crn rnv neprEeperorou oor-
o[,n nourxn ev pnopei nopcrvo qorzrqv eiou.
oe Uro oro8epn orpouoxrr<n rox. Kr our pno- Ao xor og rnr,rpomgrupeEeo Oiruuog.
pooe vo. euneux8ei, otpon Mqxeovio. re8ere Me ro ouornpcr ouppoxrv uou opyovtrtoe(UpoS
to onopoirnro pryuxo urx, ev ro peroAeio rou onoiou, nog upoovo<pep8nr<e, nrnv xor or yo-
rou lloyyo.iou Kor rng Ouv8ou,nou eixe rronor- por rou, r.x. Ir tnv Ar-lto uu rnv Itrtrupio Kor uS
n8ei o @irnnog, rou ucrpeixov ro ouopoirnrcr Oriwa xor Nrxnoirro.hn o.nrn Oeooqiq). r<o-
xpnporn. To poxeovrx rnnrx nrov uovrq r<o.o roEepevo eurnBeioxevoe ougrougyeiroveg)
exncrreupvo.H opnpio rou @rinnouorn Ono.
rou Enolrervvo 0o npener vo rou eixe pcrSer $W{
x#w {?pffi{vKffi[p${vpffi
Ke$ Krlw r'lt*m#1rffi$Jgffi
noo yro rnv opyovroon rng <po.oyyog, npoypa-
rr*ffi$ftxsxnN*q
c*ffim{ywexxxex
e*f$wryxm
rcr uou eEoppooexctcr rnv ovorop8proonrou r-
Kou rou orporo, rov epoiooe ug rrg rou Eo- x#e-$q nrffiffivffiejq
trfsTpts'rqEOUff3p*wcn*x
Loyyeg Ue uS UoKpregooproeg.(Doiverorpororo
nog evroqrepSnr<e xqr yro rn ouyKprnon rou po-

11
 rou. Hrqv ourg nou eixe roroEeper vq Seoeruu
rnv emppon rou rn Opoxn, rn OeoocricrKctl rnv
Hnerpo, vo. eyxer ro Korvq rcov Xoxrov Kor
rov Borcorvr<or,pero rnv ef,ouetproonrov (Dto-
vo opizer uS ruxSrrrrvApqrr<ruvcovoroug
egog, oo Kor yevrxtepo.ug rxeg rov re-
proorepc'rvenvrr<vneorv.To pon, uro,
rrou xpnorpoloinoe yro rous oKolous ourogev n-
rov novto apepuro. To ovri0ero poov Bo enpe-
ne touloxrotov ev pper vo oulroiver, oEo, crvm-
orqoupe rov npoo8evn, exouUevo xovoupe pe
pro.oxev <porroerxn) Uopen, rou ylo vo rre-
ruxr rous orxougrng ev ioroze vo xpno4tolor-
noer oESovo rn r,poor<ioKor rnv opn icr exei
rou rcrsrnxerpnlroropevcrvovErxro (. n.x. rnv
r<orootpo<pn rng OtrvBouro 348 n.X.).'n IIop' '
quro n Beon rou (Driunouornv roropio rng Mor<e-
oviog rropopever oroErovir<nroonouoio xor o
pogrou og onopcrirnrngnpou8eongyro ro p-
yo rou Af,,ovpoueKcrvero leppov roroprx E.
10.0ro Kpvepcv (E. Kornemann) vo uer o.uo.:<Xolpig
neupfgrou rov @irnuo, xovvog Aefi,ovpog!>>(Ohne
rou Philipp kein Alexander).
rerptipoprou
B'pe H em8eoioon
Ortrinnou
nop6oruo4 r4q H xnpovopro ornv rou (Dr}iunou apcrrve
Ksqo{qrou oov orougripoug rou Aef,cvpou,Kr o rpof,ognpi-
Aioxormnftrlq yKrrros eqroxve rnv euxorpicr vo ouoeif,,er ncog

px'*w*mffi{m
ffi xpsrxcpq oororeeixe rcrver peprxo xpvro. nprv o norpog
ffivqrmclgxmffiw*Kffiw
rou Ue rn @rrunounon.
&f${*&sv$poq xnl\r'S{*$x#*i mffi\,rrti3r'nvxm&*mu
Exei pog uou 0o xorof,,rovtov ouuron gnlrn
*v *pro${ffeipt{&e}v&x&v *cre*ncpmxar rou Aef,ovpounrov ornv nercrorng Xorpverog,
o xpvro opyrepo. H nopelrorrxn notrrn rou
Orinnou oug envrxgnergxor ro nBogrng e-
f,ouoiog rou of,ove ouvexg rn uoEopia rous,Kor
xupiog rng Onog Kor rns A8nvog. H uprn, evdr
pnopei vo rn onxoer. Aurn rou Bnxe ro 340 ornv opxn Eorvrov vo euepyereirqr ou rov @i-
n.X., rov xnBnxe vq qvo.Loerro po rou crvrl- rnno, eIeue rerr<orn vo1rnrns oro Korv rov
qorLo, oe nrxio prg erof,r xpvrov. O Oi- Bor,nv ouvexrilgvn oupprr<vveror.fro rn ere-
rnnog, ovoyxoopvog vcr pior<eroryro opxer pn, n erleKrorrxn nonrxn rou Mor<evooro S-
roornpcr oro Spo.xrxo nopcrrcruo),ropr<vrog ro pero Aryoio onpcrrve rnv onriero rng prog rn-
Buzovuo Kqr rnv lIpwBo, onoEcroroevo 0oerro pouxiog pero rnv crn.Exrg ou rq KorvovrKo
yro rou oneu8uvo yro rn oorrxn oEpoyio. ror upoqroro nou our nproupyouoe,n ourilerorou
vo rou nproupynoerror ug npono8oergnou Bcr eeyxourov Erevv xqSrorooe rnv npolrn8ero or-
rov on8ooov vo ouoxrnoa rnv orcrpoirnrn yro rnpv crn rnv ueproxn rou Ef,ervoullvrou upo-
rn roxupvnon rou r<porougelrnerpio. Aut on- nporrxn. Eug envl<guerg,nou eenovrq
pcrrveourporo Kor ro reogrng poOnreiogrou Ae- oulrgepovroroDSv unrrovror, ev peveone-
f,ovpou xovro orov Aprororn. O Af,ovpog cr- uroyn on rov evonlo oytitvo. Or Eno.puoreg8e-
vrcrnoxpi0nr<epe entuxicr oug upoooxieg rou ucr- pnocrvrlorsAo ouro ev roug oeopouv opcooxr e-
repo rou: rctcrEeperoro rnv onouoio rou (Drinnou ror nporfirnoov vo onoxouv ou ug ex8ponpofi,ieg.
qu rnv llo vo crvrlprrorioer ro enovoornUe- H ovcrnEeuxrnrerxn oyxpouon oexripo
vo. En rou Avro Erpulrvo, vo enroer rnv rof,n ro 338 r.X. O Aef,ovpog,enxegons rou urut-
xor rel,og, p4ropevogrov ncrrpcrrou, vo errovl- xo rov etoipov, xoroEepe vo ouoexorioer ro 8pu-
puoer pro nn orn Oporn, rnv Aef,ovpouuo- rr Iep xo r<qrvo.oulro}er onoEoorouxo orn
n, ivovrog rng pororo xor ro vo1ro.rou, nog poxeovrxn vixn. H vixn outn erri Tov envrrv

12

rerrrv,oe ouvuoo1rpe prcr nourr<n peyoloqru-
xiog onvovri roug, onporve rnv eyro8ipuon UroS
poreovrxng nyepovicrg, n onoio oe iyo Bq em-
xupovrov ror enionpo. pe rn popEn rng Koprv-
Sroxng Eqrlroxio.g. O nyepv rng Xul4rcxio.gau-
rng, o @irnnog,r<oovrovvcr erorpcoer rov ne-
po xoro rorv flepov, ev or envrreg nerge-
olreovrov pnro -ouoroouro ovoyxo.zovrcrv- vo
oro8ov oto neup rou qorro.rng Maxeoviog
Kl rou roxourou. Teu<onrov o' ourv rov te-
treuroio uou oxen npqyUororroinon lo-rvonoqo-
oeolvrns Xq4roxiog.
uoruxg o Ioorparng ev znoeyro vo no-
poxoouEnoerqurn rnv ef,rfn. Axpn
ptogxr ov zooeopxcr xcrrpper-oLnpo-
xn rng Xorpriverog (yeror nrognBave o-
u m 8iqn rroDrou uporo],eoe ro yeyo-
vg), eivcrr olrrpiooov 8o f,,ovoorevegro ernoro-
n orov Oi}rnuo n orov Aefi,ovpo.Aotoreor
corroeg rng Moxeoviog, uou novo on noBe
polrowrx reo.\,ropozov rnv ef,unnprnon rov
rxv roug ouptpepvrov, ovuo1rovowov Ue ro
rx roug rpno rnv ro rou uovenvropoDKcrro
rpuog rrou rnv epoppooov, rroirepo o A].ef,,ov-
pog, ev Eoiveror vo oulrEr,rvei onurq Ue rrs e-
ruoyeg rou ynporo pnropc.'o
11.00itunnoq
xor14rtipxero
tnsoUnpioq
rouor4O{po
rti104xe
yro
noAti
14orponornxf
Iexvn.
"0 Orivoroq
rou
Enoperv6v0",
6pyoroulsaak
Walraven
(Riikmuseum,
Aporepvrop).
12,Toerxovoypo-
enu6voodropo
rourgou
rouAv0epiou
sroAeux6ro,
r4voploioMie(o
'HMEIO'EI'
1. Aev eivor 6oro yro rroro ouyKeKprgvn exorporeio
npxeuor. H ou8evuxrnto rng emorotrng Becopeiror
eo1rvn: G. Mathieu, Isocrate, Philippe et lettres
Philippe, Alexandre et Antipatros, Paris, 7924,a. 4I-
43 Kol Ph. Merlan, Isocrates, Aristotle and Alexander
the Great, Historia 3(1954), oe}. 60-81. fro ro xeigevo xtrr
m lreroEpoon oro v6o e.Lnvrxo )t. Iooxpatng, Ilepi
etpnvng Kam tav Eogtotv, Enrcto),n npog @imnov,
Enrcto).n npog AA{avpo% Erooytiyh, MeroEpoon,
Exl.ro: Mopio Eovoo, Oeoooovixn 2001, oe^. 400-403.
2. To 346 n.X. o Iooxpotng ro eixe oneuOver pro ovorxtn
emoroln, nou rov xo-Looe vo ouonerpoer ug rooeprg
onouorrepeg e.,nvrxguerg, ABnvo, Xnoprn, Apyog xor
Ono, oe Uro (oroDpo(popio> evovriov rng ueporxng
ouroxporopiog. IIpN orr tov Oirnno oerpo eixov 0
Efloprrung Aynoi.troog xor o @eppoiog Iooov. B]. G.
Dobesch, Der panhellenische Gedanke im 4 Jh. und der
Philippos des Isokrates, Brwn 1968 xor A.B. Bosworth,
Conquest and Empire. The Reign of Alexander the
Great, Cambrtdge 1988, oe. 5-23, e oe. 12.
3. B. Merlan, <i.n
4. IooK., Ent. 5,3: rv r qL}.ooopr,vox nooxqlo(el
pv o rilv negi,roE qroE,d).},o vopi,[ew eivcl
nl,eovextlzrlv v raIE iiorg rorqrpoig, oi pilv dgptrelv ore
roiE ro nl10otrE nqoeorolv ore toig tog povopllog
1or-rorv'o ycq oupcp6qovo nqdnov otiv roiE pei[ov
rv ),l.rovcpqovoor.v '
oT crolg gi,(elvnpE roE
orrpnotrlrelopvolE ore toig ).l.or.Enlrp6ner.vngE orog
wlL6vew.
5. flnpoEopieg pog iver xr vo o,\o pyo rou
Ilouropxou, to Ibpi tng Aef,avpou Ttsxng n Aperng,
UolSo ey(tlUroorrxg xopoxrnpog ouro rou pnroprxo
Kerlrevou eurotrer vo nS xpnolpofloro1re pe peyo.n
emE.\of,,n. no ro xeigevo our . A.,feopyrong,
Ilourapxog, Ilepi tng Aef,avpou Tbxng n Aperng,
A8nvo 2001, xor yevrxrepo J.R. Hamilton, Alexander's
Early Life, Greece & Rome 12 (1965), aeL.117-124.
13

13.0 Meyoq
Ae[ovpoqoe 6. fl^oDt., Ae., 5,7-B: llotr)'oi pv ov negi d1v nrp)'eiov
nlvoxooyvrlorou g eixg floov orot tqocpeiEtoi notcyt'r.1oixai" laoxc),or
(ttypotpouL e y p c v o r .c o L b ' F q c r o r r l x eAr t u v i a E . v i 1 pr r ' q O o g
oitE pv ori gelcov
(lrorrrxticroqpg xci oulyevi'1E'O)'r-rpmLoog,
r tig narcryoryiaEvopcr,xotrv pyov 1oor1g zoi.
Iuoyr{,
)'opnp6v, n i tv o)'trov tc t d[i.orpc xcri rrlv
q)
Ilerporf xoOqyrltilg xo)"opevoE,
oixerr1ta tqotpetrgA).elrivqotr xci
t olilpcr rot norolcoyotr xci tlv ngoorllogiav
no:rororpevoE frv lotpolog, t 16vogAzcrqvov, h)"o p '
or)v1ov dotelov, tr ' outv plvv6po[e @o[vtxa, tv
'Ah6lcvpov A1r),tro,flr1l"6cr rv (D[]'mnov,flyondto
xoi sur6pov eile 1pcv.
7. fnlo ro B1rcrour . N. Birgalias, L' odyssae de I'
aducation spartiate, A8nvo 1999.
B. ^royevns o Bouvrog: Stoicorum Veterum
Fragmenta III, 2, 51 (=KoivurovS, Instit. or.,I, 1, 9). B^.
eniong Elias Coulakiotis, Das griechische Alexanderbild.
I4
Studien zur nicht-historiographischen berlieferung
ber Alexander den Groen bis zum 3. Jh. nach Chr.,
onpooieurn roxroprxn rorprn nou xoror8rre oto
Freie Universitt tou Bepoivou, 2001, oe.\. 106-109.
9. Xro oxnpo our rn Bon rns OuoS, tng oSovorng
pnrpog rou Axr}o, xoroo1rove npoqovg n Otrumog,
n onoio goAov uncBonepto mTolo ovLtpertbnron tou
npoonou rng. H oxon too Atrfovpou pe rn pnrpotou
nruv orevn. Aurn po.,ovxctrrpynoe rn Bpnoxeurxrnto
xor ro nopooyo(irrational) otorxcio tng npooonrxrntog
rou. AvoEperor Uo-Lroto nrog oe verf,n ovoyvprong o
Af,ovpog n8ee vo rn Beonornoer Usro ro BovormS.
10. B. Elias Koulakiotis, Devenir adulte, un d6fi perdu
pour Alexandre. Sur quelques t6moignages des orateurs
attiques, Mtanges de I' Ecole frangaise de Rome
fMoyen Age] 772 (2000), oetr. 13-26.
11. H Feyo^n efoxei<lon rou A}f,ovpou Kol pe rn
pr4rotrxn noinon xor xupitog rov Euprnin iorog oEeietoi
orov Aprororn.
12. Andrew Stewart, Faces ofPower. The Images of
Alexander and the Hellenistic Politics, Berkeley 1993,
oe. 80-82.
13. To o Aprorotngeixe yvoerg rorprxng, ro oEeier
oro orov norpo tou NrKIroxo, nou reteeoe xor
yrorpg rng cru.\ng otnv flo. Eivor ornv m8ov vo g
perooe oto po8ntn tou. llopolrver pog ouverrepo vo
moreoutrrenog or neproorepeson' oDrSS nnpoEopieg
nou ovoEpovror oug efi,orpeuxg emoerg rou
Af,nvpou oflore^ov ]r6pog mS ef,r,tpoiopvng rou
popgng nou npene vo eivor opgovn pe tnv ovrinryn
nepi reoug ooreiog.B. eniong Max Brocker,
Aristoteles als Alexanders Lehrer in der Legende, t.
rcrp., Bvn 1966.
14. ilp. Bosworth, .n., aelv. I28, arr14.44.
15. Ar, XVI, 95., Approv., Ava,lY, I ror VII, 9. fr rnv
of,roynon rou Orinuou . E. Borza, In the Shadow of
Olympus. The Emergence of Macedon, Princeton 1990,
oe.L.199, onp. 4, nou rropouolozeror xor n oxeuxn
rroypotpio.
16. IIp. W. Greenwalt, Polygamy and Succession in
Argead Macedonia, Arethusa22 OgBg),oe.tr'.19-45.
17. H. Hauben, Philippe II, fondateur de 1a marine
mac6donienne, Ancient Society 6 (1975),oetr.51-59.
18. llo}.treg qopg out onyouoc oe oxeoergcpu1lvoDKo
epoorn, nou ruov evo exuoreutrx povr.Lo yvtoor xor
ornv unIornn E^oo. fro roug oorrxognoieg xor yro
rnv exnoieuon ornv Apxoio Moxeovio yevrxrepo tr. M.
Hatzopoulos, Cultes et rites de passage en Mac6doine,
ABnvo 1994,rou r. xot Ph. Gauthier, La Joi
gymnasiarchique de Beroia, A8nvo 1993,xot P. Vidal-
Naquet, Flavius Arrien entre deux mondes, oto P.
Savinel, Arrien, Histoire d'Alexander, Ilopior 1984,
xupitog oe. 343-355.
19. H nprn ornv, n <opooxio, Erove vo yiver pro
uopef,nynpvn popEn rou eygevou <oortrrxo
sDepyerroUo),ev n erepn, n xpnon iog, gtove oro
pro tng lpotrroKpotios.Kot or o npoxnxg
xpnorlrouornBnrcov uoruxg xor crn rov Ae[ovpo
crpyrepo(. rnv xorootpoEn rng Oncrgro 335 rt.X.).
20. ilp. E. Borza, o.n, oe. 279 K.e. Kor M. Flower,
A.lexander the Great and Panhellenism, oto A. Bosworth
xor E. Baynham (ex.), Alexander the Great in Fact and
Fiction. Oxford 2000,oe.96-135. I
332 n.X. Pof,ovn, xpn tou oorro 326
lloropxei enilrovo rnv Tpo, rnv Of,uo.prn.Ao)oEoveiror o Keirog. Moxeg evqvriov rou crorrorng
ouoio oro rogroro.Lolrover. O Aefi,ovpogeuroeroroug Iviog lfpou. Or orpotrLegKor or
33r r<ororpoug rou vcl lov rpooKuvouv of,rt-rportxoirou poxeovtxo
Boizer evovriov rng floororivng, ncogxor or llpoeg. orporo, xoupoolrvor, ovupouv
olccuBepverrnv Aiyunro ou 327 orn ouvexron rojv cKorpclTclrrv
roug llepoeg xor rperrnv O Aef,ovpogerooerornv rrpos rnv Avoron.
Aef,,ovpero. llpooxuvo oro vo Ivio. H cKroon rng ouror<poropioE 325
rou AUUov0 Kor rou qrroveroro orloKopug(ljpornE. O Aef,ovpogeurorpgerornv
cruroctvoKnpuooercrr llepoio. O Ncrpxog
Yrg rou Apporvo. Ilp0yu0rollorei rov
Euppoxei pe roDS nepiuou rou lleporxou
Kupnvoioug.Nirn oro xnou.
fouyopn.tro. Or 324
repomg uLerg Exncirverorovropoio
ngrouv oro xpro rou rotv erepovorv
Mo.xevo oor).ru. oteexv rou orporo
Ernv EIqq o evovriov rou
oortrrogrng Eroprng Aefi,ovpou,or onoior
AynS enlxerpervo rerxo oupErrvovror
ouonerpoerroug pe ro oorroroug.
A0nvo.iougoe prrono Oovmog rou
evovrlov rns To
Hqro.rorir'rvo.
por<eovrxngef,ouoiog. e).nvrxcr xporn
Terxo.or Xno.prroreg8c. Oeonotouvtov
ef,eyepSouvevcrvriov Aefi,ovpo.
tov Moxevr,rg ol,o 323
orn pxn rns lle8uiver o Aef,ovpog
Meyonong0o neuq qn euipovo
nrrn8ov. nuper oe nLrxio 33
330 erv xor 0oeror oe
O Aef,ovpog xpDooro(poornv
xqtorxer rov Ao.peio, Al,ef,clpero. Or
o oroiog ooEoveiror oorponeiegrovtrrovror
on rov Bnooo. orous enrYovoDsrorJ,
EnrxeEo.ngrou evdro llepixxog
orporo rou eropxeror yiveror crvuoorrog
8pro1reuuxnornv rng oDroKporopiog.Xro
llepoenon, perof,u orov eorx
rrporsuouocrrou xpc[oug xpo opxizer o
rorv llepodv. llprn Aolnoxg nepog,
evrOon ovolreoo.orov nou o orporgrou
Aef,ovpoKor rous Avrillorpou
orpornYousrou. uoropxeiror orn opio
Xuvcopooiorou Ori,cirq, 0no rotJs
ne8oiver o lloppevic^rv. ouvctonrouemous
329 ASnvcriougxor
Exorporeio. evovriov rc,rv Ano.\oug.
ExuBv.
329.3.27
O Aef,avpogxoror<ra
ug ovororxg H x4eiorouAe{vpou
oorponeieg. KtilTououooeio
Tou
32', oeprorpovroorxli
flovrpeeror rn yxpopopo rouKarlMuller

15
 .....tll[:,. ;i:;:,:Ji..-..........n1:l- .i.:iitj|,..''.,:,|.;ri; ...-iir'1iili.,.,,,i*rlili-.,...,.,.;:ilr1i.......;r-i:i..........ri,;d

ilfrcyncu
AeHvpau

4 o' , ^c / Y : E I N * N * N T O :
" u^N t ^
I'le,J\s
I . r y
Bu{0wro
f

rpsiu d
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I 5ncrn
,
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AQ:'rvo l qrrYt tA A P M NI
c v ^ i ^ I

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tr:, ..
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Tcpcq
o toooq
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,Astsvparc r,'irr''

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OC IYPIA
fOoq *r't' An;lel*x*g

i[vpcia ,jj'i;: - r:,,

tt""'t' i,
Iooc
,t t''i';;t
r;,".r.1|,.r.-
,,,0i.?ff.d(o t', ":,,.
,,;
e l'Mep,pig
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Nqrou
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ppr*vog .
... ,:.ti
A P A I A Ae{vperc

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16
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;OTAIANH
s
Bayri
AwrXerc
fdcpyrcvri
/llicnAnI

Tadr}rc
$ BAKTPIANI.I
&
A^t0vp0u
n0rq

NPIA
; Ae{ov$pero
iXepcr)

Ai,e{cvptra
AP{A
(KnwoXp)
*

'*
n
ou*1tt
Au(,ovperc
f
I(APMANIA p A f i l A Nf t

o podnoilq
11e
.a
.,
k
r{vpero
o TTAPNTIA
1. Epeimurov
lle{cvperei oxup(')oeov
?).-
''On
* Tou0px0r0u
'tn
-4+n fopfou,dnou
Vts
i o Ai{ovpog
fiAouq (325n.X.)
roulrlepyou ixo{e rov
.l'. .,,.,{:,,:::,riilirirtrl - " '
i1t..i,\1a4!y yq11*i:- ,' t
11.i11.,.,.1;;,,1;,1
:,:r,,,,,,,1|l]11,:il.!1,,,,r,,,it,.t1':.':,,,,:,,',",',,l:a:,':::r,L:r,,,r,::rr,,:r,r,:rl'r . )' oprirvupo
eop

I
lou Mt^ttAr\H )l\TZonoY oy
reu0uvr6KEP^/EIE

flotapxog oe veovrNn nrxicl ouvsyportrrcuo -

yougun rov riro <Ilepi rng Aef,ovpouTxnE n
Aperng>,1reor<onvo ouoeif,eru ro enueypo-
ro rou peyoouxc[qxrnrn ev ogeiovrcv or eu-
voroTnsruxng.oao[nv npooulrrrNn rou opcrn.)

L7

:: -- j,:r
Motp,q'HT\xH

2.Moxedvog
nneogenrrf0erorIoog enpxeuo yro elrlreon onovrnon rou vecrpou ,$
evsvriov upoyovoorpn on rn Xorpvercroug onnerpeg I

AorfrqeyOpo.Pcopoii,rvroroprxcitv vo uuooBpioouv rnv oiyn

Torloyporpio
l
i
rou Moxevogoorerogonoiovrog ro. onop-
onrov vnro xoropOporo rou oe ef,,r,tyeveig
nopoyovreg.
uTtieorouKrvX" Xqrepo n opern, n poov or crpergrou Aef,v-
or4Nouoo.poueivor ovolrgronrnreg. ev oupoiver pog ro
ito pe evo xoipro crivrypo rng rrpooorrrrxrnrE
rou. H xorcrxrnon -rrou npoyporonoinoe n oxeio-
oe- ng rng yvororng rre orxoulrevnsnTov ro o-
nore}eopo prog ef, o.pxngerLnppvngonoqnoeorg,
nrov xcuo xonorov rpno eyyeypolrpvn orn yeve-
rlKn rou rourrrnq n nrov pnnc^lgnpoiv ruxoicov
yeyovorov xor ouyxuprv;
<O Afi,ovpogpnnxc ornv noyxopro roropio
eixoor xpvrrrv.Kor rnv ircrorrypn nou pnorven-
rov Myog>, ypoEe ro 1963 o flovoyrrilmg Ko-
veMuouog. onognpotpovtigrng nptirrngon-

qqffi&ffi{*mvffip#q
lT" Kwwwffiffi*rx*l-;ffimq; $$mil}K
{psm\f$xffivKeryx.$&
erx'mpi$ erqm#'x
xpew{,3w.
Kmxqcaw
ffixex
crxnypxm
rxmu*pxrxmxwe
mxqxv
&rtr**ymq*

ryecog.<Orov o Afi,ovpogeroeoeornv Aoio., xrnrq: ouoxcrr<eg roroprxoi eEeupioxouv 0eieg

oxev xr,rpigr<o1rioopEroio,ev eixe reo noo enepooerg'nonrr<oiovrino-Lorxoxeuouv repo-
o8ro 0o npoxcopooe n noro 0o itov ro rog>,o- rdlergouxoEovrieg' yvnoro xor nqoro reKpnprcl
vrrerve o xpvro opyrepo o ronpog Apepr- onoouyxpoovror Kor ouUgupovror. Axpn
xovg peermngrou, E. Mnowrov (E. Badian). H xqt rov epxovLclroro eors oyxpovcg enionpeg
rounoio perof,u rov o ouqeotv ouvqvro ovu- po.prupieg,eivqr ouxvcrovqrn n upooyyron rng
rpnreguoxoLieg,xoBg, uou xcrrov orpoEei o.n8erogpoo on xeilrevo nou evouveimo Kclt
o epeuvnrng,o 8puogouyxonrerrnv npoypcrrr- nepftexvo xuxoEopovror ou evo ooreq,o o-
uoiog nn on rnv qvo rou ornv ef,ouoioEro-
of,,eivo puOonornocrrov eour rou. Mvov xoro
3.Avoyuqr1 tuxn eviore pio oyxpovn poprupio ouvreroypevn
nopooroo4 yro oov oxol pcrg nnpogopei uopepurnr-
onro Ao[op
vrog, oxev nxooro,yrcrxo.norouruxn rou upoy-
nouerx6(eror
pcluKou rou ecruroD.Evo rtoro ueproroorox xefire-
6n onerxovi(er
vo fropxel rnv nprn oro8epn oon yro rn re-
ro nepoopo
peuvnon rou zrunporos rrou UoSouooxoei:u nrov
rouAe{fvpou
onrqvAiyunro n KoroKrnon rng orKoulrevng;Aefi,ovpoupoipo n
Aef,ovpouruxn;

v rlrorcUrcl KoversroDStoroptKousrou Me-

yoouAcf,ovpou.n xoroxrnon rng or-
KouUevnsn rouoxrorov rng Aoiog nrov o-
vxo8ev ong npoOeoergtou. <O xprog-
yos yr rov onoio o Aef,ovpogerooe
ornv flepoio nrov, xopig opEroio, u nor ev
rovonBnNevo Unv ro npof,,er>,eypcrEeo 8ou1ro-
orng rou O. O. Topv (W.W. Tarn). Eivor ol.nSero
u n uenoiBnon ourn tpoiveror vo. ornpizeror oe

18
 rrponyoupevousUnvS.Aeyeror u er<eiocrvoorpcr-
un ro0nxe oro orpcrueo n Enpn u o Ae-
f,ovpog,rKcrvolornpevogon ro enneuyporo rou,
eixe onoEooioervo enrorpeqrercrtrroo:g
orn Mor<e-
ovio. Or Moxeveg ueprxcrpeigoneuoov ortg
oKnves rous vo ouoreuooouv ug ouooxeug roug
Kclr vo upoerorgooOovyrcr rnv uopeio rng ell-
orpoEng.O ooreg,tov crvrenqBnrnv ropoxn
nou emxporooeoro otporneo,xperoornKevcrt-
f,ovrnoer rnv euyr,nrio rou uporo neioer toug
ovpegrou vo rov oxoou0noouvupog oegNorct-
xrnoerg rcrr roEnpos ro Sovoro,poxpm crutnv 4. 0 rourr(pevog
norpio. UerovA[0,
To eneroroour, nou ncrpoeinerorou roug xepoorppog
<crurxog>roroprKoDsrou Al,ef,ovpou, fltoe- uryunnoxdg 0eq
lroio xcrr Aprotouo, eivcrrcrpoyeegepnpo.rng Appov(EOvrxti
ex8prNngnpog ourv ropooearg;Ernv npoyporr- Aplorooyrxri
xrnro, or Eeppevegog nuoeif,ergrng ef, opxng Mouoeio, Nno11)

wxcr{r*ffiffift$
{ffixffiw* &i'1}c*ffi#wffip$q
ffi. SWrxcxwqsffiv:
{y}3v &mm"ffiswcswuffiqtm rx*cp*
ff$ex m c"ricxxm
xxpexx**ffiffieJ#tr x'**x{*it#qx
ffies"txcav

pcrprupiegrorv opxoir,iv ouyypogorv. O Ioorp,amg npoSoeorg rou Aef,cvpouvo yiver xoopoxpttop

eixe nn oulroueoer rov Oiruno vq xqrcl\uoer ev eivor roo roxupegoo <poiveror.|ro rov Ioo-
rnv neporxn ouroxporopio xor vo r<q8ufiotcrf,erroug xporn, n nnpng Ncndxrnon rns leporKns )ro-
o.popoug.O irog o Aef,ovpog,opqovo pe rporopiog nrov pvov pio on ug euroyegrou (Dr-
rov Keitopxo, ornv cpxn rns exotpcneiogro 334 Ainnou. H onpcroio,oxpn xor our ro yeyovgrng
u.X. xup<pt^roero pu rou ornv crorctrxn crxrn rou xerpovoping rou Aef,,ovpou xorq rnv crncron
Enouvrou ronnpuovrog u exrcrvrnv Aoio ornv oororrxn xBn rou trAnonvroun tng oe-
on roug 8eog<opixrruov). Koro rov Approv, og rou lopiou eopou crlrEronrovror,uog o1r-)
oro lpro rng @puyioguoero eoprou cpporog
rou oorogfopiou exunpvovrosrnv rpoen-
reio uou 8o rov xq0roroDoeKuprorng Aoiog. Mero
5. 0 Ae{ovpog
yovorf(er
pnpoorti
rn poxn rng Iooou ro 332 [.X., orJpec)votrrerov i-
orqoopdrou
ro ouyypcrEeo,oncrirnoeou rov Aopeio vo orreu-
oorpov4pevou
Bvercrr npog crurv oS rrpos rov <ooro rng
Aopeiou,oe
Aoiog>. <Boororng Aoiog> xor nor ovoxnpuf,,e
;rropopovrrxli
rov eour rou o Aef,,ovpog gero rn vixn rou oro yxpuFopo
lcruynlrno ro 331u.X. Kor oS <xprogrng Aoiog>
npooeqep euxoprornproovoBnpctcroro rep rng
A0nvog orn ivo. Eror cnpoyporonoreiron un-
oxeon rroDxqro rov Keiropxo iyo evc^rpireporou
qixe oer o BegAlrlrcovorn rn: u Bo xpr-
ze <:.r1v
n<ior1gr{E yilg dQxr1v).
Ev rororg,ef, opxng rn encopvnnpOeon
rou Acf,ovpouvo xqroxrnocr rnv orxoupevngoi-
verol vcrroqreervo eneroronou ouven rov
Iourorou 330n.X., oUeoogUeru rn ol,oEovio rou
opeiou, ornv Exorpnul.o rng Mniog Kcll epxe-
rcrrog oyrxn ouveuerorr,rvnpof,ev rou r<ororoug

19
 $

4*;
hr- ..4N:

r,ll I

**,

'l1il

qh
. * j

-Iiii '-1*,
ff
Y-..'" ii-,iW,, d;
l.alaillalla.

6. 0 Ae4svpoq
unoqoroe vo erorueirorn ouBevrlKrngmS o^^noypoeicrsrou
rqv lre rov cpeio. Ooo yro ro nBev xpnou rou
ouve;1loer
exorporeic rou Appr,rvog, npKerrot yto U8eupo, KcrBSeivor
perorqv yvoor il o Aef,ovposev crloKcruqenor oe
nupn4oq rqg Kctvevovrnv clflcrvrnon roD 0eou. Mevouv ro ovo-
Ilepofno119.Snporo orn Arvio A0nvcl. frcr vcr exouv po-rgo-
7. H p14oro noerKriKn of,in Bn rrprnr vo xpovooyouvroto-
Fouypqo oe pro otpocirgro 331 n.X. Kcll vcreivor npoyeveorepcrrns
onrrgorcveg onotpooecog rou Aef,ovpouvcl ouvxioer rov rlo-
neupegrqg
epo xor pero rnv [upnnon rng llepoeneog.
ooproqyou rou
Teog,Kcuro Kuprrepo,u onpoivet roo ornv re-
Meyfou
piroon crurn oo Kclr oug oeg,ov eivcrrcru0e-
Ac{vpou
yecoypcr<prNg
(AplorooyrxrivrrKos o pogAoicr;Tn Mupo. Aoio,
Mouoeio, Inv n{-polKn ouroKporopio n Kol ln Aornnoororrxn
Kovorovrrvono11) nflclpo. rr{-poKor on ro ouvopcl tou nrpotKouKpo-
roug; llg Bcrcror<eiro,e, n xuprcrpxicrrng Aoiog,
{};1*: *l i*?i:ffriil}i ri*:i *,*i;i:v:;;,*,,,2 {,Jti41,i?{::t*r,".}v
,s'{,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!i! epoug(unQEflgocrEngtrv'E)"),rjvov
i: * ;i* :: n{: ir {i{, i'l;:;: $ ;::*.t'?,*q r *7,{ 2r {:
T*{u ii{r **t ii*'* !{iJi :f i1tiz*t ti.{izt1.{*v'it*.t3r:t{*,
l.:r::r,;ii, Jri:!i:3i;il*lli::j::ii:tr,:;:.'l: :r :t;tr
Eixe nn crnoqrooioer o Aef,crvpogrnv ipuon e-
vg veou envooorouxoxpcrrougpe epo.rn Bcr-
utivct,nou Eupornoiorxor Aorcreg Bcrexorpcrv
tcovircovrxorcoporcov,n or oorcurxegxrnoerg Bcr
nocrv,urogn Opoxn, crr^n nopxio rou poxeovr-
rou croreiou,rou onoiou n rporeuoDotrBcrucrpe-
Lreveornv lleo; Avti0ero npos uS oeorrrueg
ror opqrroiegnou reproouvug eeppeveso-
noeif,ergrov KoopoKpc[oplKcdvnpoBeoecovrou
Aef,ovpou,urrep rng roroprxrnrogrns orcroeos
rorv Moxevorvornv Exctpuuo ouvnyopei ,u
yvr,rpizoupeyro ro rcrNnpuypevonn ono rov Oi-
rnuo oNonrng oorcluKnsexorporeiog,rov onoio
rnpovpnoe o Aef,ovpog.
uUeovcrpe rov Arrrlpo,ourgnrov n ex-
ixnon yro uS rr-poour-gKoToorpoefs rrv
envrxcbvrepv xctcr roug MnrNougno-
n),epLov
qgoOcnxo.i,)'.aBeiv
no"g'oirr'rvi-
xcrgnq trlq eiErti irgo .1evopi6vr1g
nciqcvoplo"q>).
Oot e ol roroplKoi rou Aef,crvpou,o ApprovoE
nou ovrei crr rov lftoepcrio, o Etporrlv nou

20
: ,'.1
xpnorpouorei rcv Aproroutro r<or or rr,lpog,
Ilourcrpxog xor Krwog Koptrog, nou xouvtlg
nnyn rov floropxo, oupEovov u n nupnnon
rcov ovoxrptov rng llepoeueog to xerlrvo rou
331/330n.X. ruov n reercouxnupofi,n iloD oEpo-
yroe rov repo exrxnoecogxqro rov flepov.
Eror rnv eppnveuoovor Mo.xeveg,or onoior p-
rg nnpoEopnBmov ro yeyovg <ouv6tqelov
pretcrl.cpnoov loiqovteg>, ru nnrzv tr n
uupnnon rrov ovoxrpov nrov o.nerf,,n o
A[qvpoS oxeiqze vo pn peiver er<.ei,u.Lo vo
enrorp6qrerornv uorpio. Tnv eplrnveio qurn enr-
Koupooero yeyovgu pero.rnv nupul.non r<'rv
neporxv ovor<rpovo Aef,ovpog cruuoeroug
orporrreg rng Envrrng Eulrlroxiog, olJprlept-
.Lqrovo1rvr,rvKqt tov Oeooov avrolreiovrog
roug nouoronopoxq.H onuon outn u oo pno-
pooe vc onpoiver exrg rou u n uoveInvro ex-
orpnreia eixe re.Leroer,or<prBgru eixe euuu-
xer roDSorxougrng, non rnv er<ixnonYro rnv
repooul.io rov flepov r<ororo MnrKq;
To oyrxo. pog ouro emxerpnporo ev apro-
oov yro vo neioouvrougvetepousrotoplKous.rous
8. 0 A6[ovPoS
ouoiougef,axoouBeivo ooynveero Bpuogevg etoeplerot
ex yeverngr<ooporporopogA)'ef,ovpou.Mio ve- or4 Boputitvo,
repn ovoxouqrn,n ovepeonevger nprng q.re- IYXpovn.
oS rrezo ypoEeroKpcttrxo,ueprornoroxoenrYpo- 0vlor0plKll
elKov0Yp0Qnon
Err<oxerlrvou8crpnopooe rooroovq oer re-
u<n onovrnon oro zntnpo. To 1936or ovctoKoQes
rng lorxng Apxoroloyrxng Exol'ng orougOriu-
uoug gepov oro (posro Bpooporcrprog eurypoEng
rou 4ou u.X. orvog, n onoicrpvov ro 1985eie ro
eog rng npoortrnog.flpxenor yro eurorol'n
npeoeurv rng necog rtov (Driunolvorov Ale-
f,,ovpo, trou neprexer un rn UopEn urlopvnporog
uS olo(tr)ooorgrou oorogoxeuxo Ue Uro oerpo
o[nlrorr,rv rou rou uuen8noqv. Evo ou ourc n-
rnv n oerq xo.Lrpyerogxpocrlvnoru<v yor-
rirv. O Al,fiqvpos rnv uopoxpnoe evovrl Kotct-
ol,ng Epou, npoo8eoee u n opoSrnonrov
yorv ourv 8o yrvrov ou tov Orhrilto xor ro Ae-
owro (<piocrr, tlv [&qyv 16qcrv &uroi]g <Dr,-
),6tov xcri,Aeow]dtov>).Av xcr n ouvexerctrou Ker-
pvou eivor c[Ioo[oopctrrKn, eivqr nrSovv u
orougo eroipougourogrou oor.Leo4ovedOevto
Kor qo xo8nr<ovro.lro. oo,rIog,8poroeur- )
& Afr*&mv6poqKermness m'&svrnro Utornv
mupmonnsm sv6Kxsp{r}v
r{r}v r,pfflKci}w qxffise
Te ew6xopevov{xmlsxp6t{,,rer ffialpcbnn
w'xmw
2I
 9.0 y6pog
rouAe{6vpou
gerq Por[v4
epg4ve04xe
oovnpd0eo4
vorpoer
evoe4vo-
pooiero.
uororrx
Torloyporpio
ondrq Bfo
0opve(ivo
rqqPdp4g.
10.Hvexprxli
nopn{
rouAe{vpou
or4Bopurlvo
onpopovnrf
yxpopopo

Euooorovvn onoqrooioeropyrepoo irog o o-

Eupun, nrogelrEo.iveror on rov evSouoroop
oreug.Aut nou ev yrveopor.lgcvtrnnr ei'ror
yro rnv nupnnon tu-rvovoxtptr.rvxor to enero-
u n emoron riov upeoeurv eixe onooroei o-
ro ornv Exctpuuo. Eror o @rrogxor o eov-
n rnv <llepoiol (<['fJg &n6oter.].ov
oi ngeopeuro,i.
vorog 8o noov ro8o4rorvo efrroKe(p8ov rougOr-
x llelqoi,[oE]>).trivnr npo<povgu or upeoeu-
inuoug Kor vo troouv eui ruou ro perpcl rrou e-
reg rov @riunr,tveixov npoESooerrov Af,,ovpo
ueoovro.llpoEovg pro oerpo on onpoo-
ornv llepoio, nou gerveon rov Iovouopro ecogro
xnro"yeyovro.,or nLnporpopiegyrcr ug vegnoe-
Moro rou 330 r.X. Mero.rnv nrro rou o,peiou,rnv
UIKCSnpocToqrooieg rou opciou,encto yro to E-
lupnnon rng Ilepoeueos, rnv er<ixnonyro rn
vo TouKor ro oqereproprng neporxng opxngon
onon trov envmv repv, o nLelrog upropicrg
rov Bnooo, oof,ovo.pnvro oxrqrou Aef,ov-
rotv llepociv Eo.rvtovvo xer oox),npol8ei xcrr ro
pou ror rov uuoxprooovvo ouvexioer ng noepr-
nqvenvroexorporeuux o1ro,roo ro. orpore-
xeg emxerpnoerg,or ouoieg onopoxpuvov roo rov
Uoro rns E),nvrxng Xul4roxio.goo r<oror Moxe-
iro oo KcLrroug o etoipoug tou o Kor epto-
vcg. ovcpveTovo cnrorpctpoDvovropo ornv
orepo on ro p1rorng eurorpoEng.O (Drrog e-
rteoBnxeyro eoxorn npoooio iyougpnvegop-
ffi &ft*svlpmqrpa:{*mffi
{yffir-dmeyxnyrepo. O Aef,ovpoguBove orn Bou),rivqro
c-{$&J
s&$ eqwmryaxffixff& xoa"} 323
xxl &mw,mffiffim n.X. O eovvorogenorpeEeornv Euptilunro
322 n.X., xr po4 yro vcr emuoerro on xorp
ffix&ix'ff xxt\rgN*-8sXc*veaperm
r&3\r
MffiKc&velw nopovnpvo nponporo rr,tv @rinnrov,otro
yrcr vo ovrrlrerotuioel rov crvrlUKeovrxouvootrl-
op rou opxrxo uopou.Or @iruuor,uou ore

22
 *,* .
'ir . ,
'''1lri,
tr
rnv elioKeqrn rov o erclipov rou Atr-
f,ovpou ex8nxov ore unpogopn-
Snxov nore onoEooergrou oore-
oS yro rq 0o exxpepn Opo-
ro. ev cixov on emoyn
ropo vo. ovoyptnyouv oc .i '
, o,
ornl,n ro uupvnpo rc'lv
npeoeurvrousUeng orcr
Kor Trpooorprvg oottxcg ,'d'
o.uoEooerg.

sv unqpxer opQr-
oio u o Ae-
f,ovpog xqro
nqoo urOov-
Imcr pero rnv
uupnnon rov ropol-
xv crvoxrpcov e-
ro evexpe-
f,,ercroe :
vo v0 enrorpqJer
ornv Euprirun Kol vrr
rorr<noeruS ves 0-
ororrr<gtou xqroxrn-
oergon Lnvllco t-rge-
f,orteprxegxrnoeig rou qor-
eiou,xoro ro npruno rng Opcr-
xng. Terxa ev ro enpof,e.Or Ero-
oyrxgnnyg ronoBerouv o' ourn rnv
nepioo rn poporrKn lreroorpogn rou, rrou
opEorvoUe roDEenrKprrestou o.u Envo
ooroopxroe vo rov LrercrUopEver oe crvcnoi-
rn eonrn.H r,:pipovonrng ouoqooeogvo rpoer
vn vo envooorcutxooiero ooropevo ornv
rorrpn ouvepycroioEnvorv xor llepov oulrni-
nrsl Ue rn oloEovicr rou Aopeiou Kor ro oeerpr- u npoxnBnxe on
op rou Opvouon rov Bnooo, rou uroxpeooe rov ruxo.iq yeyovrcrxcrr onp-
Aef,,ovpo,yro vo ovrrUerorioer ro oqrereprorn,vo omeg ef,,eif,erg.Ero prpo our ntov ct-
uepr.Ln8ei ro povo rng oxorlrevrrxng volrrlr- oEoLg upoiv rng rxng. Tuxoiog potg 11.Keqori
rnrog. Eni uov ev onoxeieror o Mcrxev o.- ev nrqv o rpnog pe rov onoiov o Af,ovpogo- rouAe{tivpou
oreugva ouvetnroroinoeu n rctnpnon rng e- vr4reruroe ug onpoor<ntegouYKupieg.Eivor oovHpoxtrf
rpopng Meoonorolriog nrov ouvorn xcopigrov e- nou mOovv u n grorrlrio xor n org nou rou oenporop{
eyxo rov ovr,r oorponerv uepo on rov Zaypo. everlveov n ouveinon rng uqrnng Kclrcryoynsrol.) nouppeOqxeoro
Evnrov rou rnpporos rng orpornyrr<ngunoxtt- uu tov Hpoxn Kor rov Axrcrxqr n oioBnon Top-r-Iovyxiv
pnoer,rgoro Euorx ovopo rou Euppcfln K(11rns rng ouoorong rou ro oEnvov eoxroro neprBpro rouTor(rxrortiv
npoeooeorg rpos ro oyviooro, o A.f,crvpog npo- olrEnoovreuoeogrov n rxn tov Oereflpo rou
n oe enroyniloD rou ef,,oogoroe rn f,ctcto rnpporog tng upoeooeogn rns uloxopnoo)S.
rou oroixroe rnv onof,vioon rcvMqxevrrrv,n o- Ero prpo cruro Af,,ovposruov oprogmg r-
noio exnOnKeoe oerpoouv<'rpoorvxor orooe- r<ngrou ueupr,rlrvng poipog. I
rog crn rnv nprn ornv Er<orpuu..o er,rger<eivn
orov norop YEoor,nou rov Drroxpeooevo noperto Fdwrxmrxmnpffi xffiq s{ffiffi$J*Kg3{xqep6ffiq" ffi$w{*me*wi{:
ppo rng emorpoEng,xor og rnv reeurqicrxcrr qmv
&ffi*qxw&gp{* &i3xf|l$
ffi"rrmv qpxr6xm" ffiww
nro ouvnpn ornv Onr rng Meoonoropiog.
Eivor upoqrovegu n annerporng KoopoKporo- n'rxqxv mffi
ffir'x{}r{* ffip#ffiffiffi&i$-${tv&'q
{v&*{:$ ff!rTffi
wffi{vrxq
piog, uou rou ef,oorporoernv otcirvto.gnpn, ev n-
rov crnoreopo. npoernppsvnsonoqooeog, oo

23
llpo:one
Bnooog
(-329n.X.)
:drpqnns rng Boxrprovhq Kqr rnq
:oyrovhq (336-330 n.X.). no^Fnoc
evdvriov rou Aq,6vpou ('rq
Fouy6gno, ornv unnpeoio rou
oorr6 Adpeiou l-' xor ;.rer6 rn
ouvrprri Tou neporKo orporo
Bon0no Tov Aupcio vo ovoouvr6let
rrq uv6prq rou orn Mnio. (}016<10,
Fero rrs ouvexr(opeves enle6oelq rou
Ael6vpou evovriov rou Aopeioun
ouvtrr;rornoe ue Touq oorpneg
Noop(vn Kor Bopod6vrn Kor
ouv6oov rov Aopeio F oKon vo
rov noporoouv orov A 6qovpo Kdr
vc e{oyopoouv ror rnv etpnvn.
Optlq xor rnv eni0eon rou
A^l6vpou, goopevor rnv
olx;.rotloid, oK6rroov rov Aopeio xol
Tpnnrov oe euy6. O Bnoooq
xlpiornK on6 roug un6^ornouq,
en6orpeqre oro Bxrpo xor
ovoxnpx0nre oolrS pe ro vopo
Apropqnq A'. Kqrd rnv enioEon rou
A e{,vpou orn Boxrplovh o Bnoooq
Kdr<puy orn Eoyrovn, nou poq
npoenKe on rouq ronrKoq
nyepdveq, or onoior oro Fero4 eixov
ouFnpdqer Ue rov A qovpo, K(rl
nqpo60nKe orov nTo^]roio.
Atxoornxe evdrnrov rxoornpiou pe
oeq flq ronlx6g nqpcors,
KdrorKAornxe oe O6voro oq
ooroxrovoq, ndpouoid rou Mev^ou
A cq,ovpou, xor oovorrironxe pe
oxptornploo;r6 xor oropoon.
24
Iooxpcrng
(436-338n.X.)
Enpovrrxq pnropoq rnq
opxorTnroq. |.ewrionxe ornv Aonvd
Kor n orKoyver rou rirov enopn.
Hrov po0nrfq rlv onoudr6repov
oorprordrv Kor Wdrpr(e rov :,r|(pTn.
AoEqr npdrro og ^oyoypq(pos,
6yp(|e noh A6youq yro
Aoyoproop rpirrov nou roug
on6yye^cv oro rxoorirpro xor
nnpov6Tqv nouoronpoxo. To 393
n.X. qvorqe ornv n6n rou oxon
pnroprxns Kor gr^ooogiog. Ern oxoft
Tou onoooov opxerq
npooonrxrnrS, nou opyTcpq
6ndrqov evepy p^o ornv norrrKn
(toh rng Aonvdq, n.dq enions xol
onouqiol roroprKoi,6n(|rs o Eeopoq
Kor o Oe6nopnog. C)rov o Oi^rnnoq
eF<poviornl< oro npoo(nvro rnq
roropiqq, o loorprng ouvr6xonxe
Fo(i Tou, 6novros nrq nror' o
Fovoq nou Fnopoo vo
npovForonornoer ro oxro Evovriov
rov llepodrv, :uyKpoornKe Fe rou
Anpoo0vn yro ro yo our6, dvrdForn vro rnv ouerep6rnro rou
eK(ppdqovroq rn <prAopoxeovrx6
nr6puyo, xr dytlrq ornv eKxlnoio
Tou hFou, Kqedrs o looxp6rng cv
nreuFooe vo nopouor6(eror
pnpooro rns. To 338 n,X., Hcrq rn
gxn rnq Xorprirveros Kor rnv rirro rnq
nqrpioq roun o looxp6rnq o(p6enKc
vo neover qn dorrio, ^Vr rnq
Ueyonq rou Anng. O looxpTnq nrqv
onq Kor euoq xopoKTnpos,
on6geuye rnv npoo^f xor
nporrFooe vq roKer nouxog orn
oxori rou xor vo lorundrver Ue
(Pu^ ro rrs on6{rerq rou. Or yor
Tou nrov nvo, on 6O, Fo odr(ovrqr
Uvo 21,
fftirpog
('318n.X.)
Boorrdq rnq lvioq, ovxpovos Tou
Mey6ou A q,6vpou, To doiero rou
onoiou eKTervorov ovoro^rK6 Tou
noroHo Yoonn. ndp' 6Tr
xpnorgonoinoe xOe poo
npoxerp6vou vo ovrroro0ei ornv
npo6oon rou AE6vpou, ovti;reoo
oro onoid Kor rous Tpdorrouq
noeurKoq e^6(Povres Tou rvrKo
orporo, vroTors er, Kdr(pepe vd
onorp6{rer rnv 6rro. nor6oo o ndrpoq
rdrnpnoe ro ooier rou xpn orn
ysvyororppoovn rou M, Ae{dvpou,
Tov onoio Fo^roro ouveue Kor ('rrq
per6nerro entxerpnoerq rou npos Trq
6x0eq rou norqgo Ygoon. O
A6{ovpog eqerignoe rrq unnpeoiaq
Tou Kor rov 6xproe oorr o6xnpnq
Tnq neproxns perof, rrlv noro;.rrirv
Ydonn Kor Y(poon -onFep. l6rer(. O
ndrpoq o^oeovienKe ro 318 dn6 ro
MoK6vo orporny6 Eopo. O
qvrqroq rou n6pos eix <nrhol
enions To ooi^ero rns neproxnq, (oq
oTnv npoongero rou A eq6vpou vo
vtKfior ro Oio rou ndrpo. Oo16oo,
UET6 Trq rrF6q rou A qdvpou npoq
rov nrrnpevo lv66 oor16,
ey|{or6^erqrs rn xripo rou,
KuvnynF6voq on ro orpor rou
H(porori(.)v(r.
Auoipo:rog
(361-281n.X.)
frporny6g rou Mey. Aeqdvpou xol
xornrv oorroq rng Glpxnq xor yro
6vo FrKp xpovrKo rornFo rnq
MoKovioq. Fewhonxe ornv no Kr
6loe ppog ornv exorporeio rou
Aeq,6vpou ornv Aoio, Orov or
r6oxor Foipdoov pero{ Touq ro
ooiero rou A46vpou, o
Auoi$sxoq nnpe rn Glpxn xor
en6xrerve ro ooier rou oe gey6o
p6pog rng Mrxp6q Aoiog. To 3O1, ornv
hlro, viKnoe Fo(i F rov l6euxo rov
Avriyovo, evd, nponyouuv(,)q eixe
rpor oov nproreouoo rou
oor^iou rou rn AuorF6xero orov
E^ noflovro. To 289 Fq(i Fe rov
nppo fr(|)q(tv dn ro epvo rnq
MoKeoviqq rov AnFnrpro rov
lloropxnrft xor porpdornxov pero!
TouS To qoiero, o^d ^ivo opyTDpo,
ro 28,4, viKno Tov nppo Kol
qnegerve yvog oorAroq orn
flroepoiog A
o Ayou n Xcornp
(367-283n.X.)
Mdxe6vdq euyeuris ovrpo(Poq K(|r
orpqrnY6q rou Mcv^ou A cq(|vpou,
Uero ro eovqro rou onoiou nnpe rn
o(|rpqncio rnq ArYnrou l(or rnq
Kupnvoixhqn rpurhq rnq nro^cFdirhs
uvooreioq, Tnq H(|Kpororepnq
uvdorioq rJv ro6xrv, n onoio
un6Ku{re orouq Pruoiouq ro 30 n,X.
Hrdv Vroq rou Ayou Kqr rns
Aporvonq, oroou0oq orn goreovrrf
ouri, 6nou ouv60nxe orevo ;re rov
A6qdvpo. Hrdv cpxnyq rns
npoor,rnrKnq rou <ppoupdq xor
ouFFereixE orrq Exorporcieq ornv
Avoro^ri. :uv6^oE To oqrp6nn
Bfiooo ro 329 xar rqKpionK orrq
p6xeq on rn Boxrpio 6q rov lv6
norop6. To 327 oKoT(|)oa oe
Kovrqpou(|xiq rov lv Por(d rtlv
Aonooiorv oro lyodro xor o
EeuxogA
o Nrrorop
(358-281n.X.)
AqrrFdrrKq rou UoKeovrKo
orporo Kdr dorlrq rnq tupioq
(306'281 n.X,)t rpurriq rng
uvoorioq rrv :e^cuKrdrv. Hrov
yroq rou Avrroxou, MqKe6v(|
orpornyo rou Or^annou. nnpe FpoS
ornv onooro^n rou Meyou
Ae{6vpou ornv Aoio. AroKpi0nxe
ornv xorxrnon rnq nporxnq
AuroKpdropioq Kor orn Uxn rou
nortrgo Yoonn evowiov rou lvo
qor16 ndrpou ro 326, nyoFevoq rou
poxeovrxo ne(rKo. IlovrpeTnKe
Tnv AnUn, Kpn rou nyep6vo rnq
BoKrpr(|vnq :nrrouvn, xorpig norri vo
ononUqrer rn o(uy rou, noq
Kovdv Aor or orpornyoi Tou
Ae{dvpou gerd ro O6vor rou. Orov
To 321 roForpqornKe n
quroKpdropio, o :^euKos nnpe rn

MdKaovio, O AuoiFoxos eixe yivel
nn opKerd roxupq, yeyov6g nou
(|vnoxnoe rov lsuKo, o onoioq
KrvnonKe avqvTiov rou. H
ono(poororrxfi g6xn 6yrve oro Kpou
ne6iov ro 2131,arrr pero rnq
Mdyvnoioq, oro Einuo rnq M. Aoiog
l<or n 6xoon rng rirov 6ruxn yro rov
^uoipoxo, nou 6xooe rn pdxn xor
oxordrenKc. To ooir6 Tou
reKrKnenxe an no^ oq
owrrn6oug, xr ourg nou rerx Oq ro
fipioer, Aiyo xpvro FT6, Oo sivor o
Avriyovoq fovordq.
A6q,ovpoq rov riFno yrq ro
xoropo6Foro rou. IlovrpernKa rnv
nepqid AproKFq xor ;rer6 ro
e6v(rro rou 00r^16 ov6o Tn
oorponaio rnq Arynrou, K(|Orordrvrqq
rn peyn e^ nvrKh vdpn. To 3O4
n.X. 6yrve oorroq rnq Arynrou
op6vovroq rov riro lorrip, xo06q
Kproe rnv eunloroovn rJv
Aryunrirv. Ynnp4e npoororns Trv
ypoppdrov xor rrv rxvrirv xor
ouYvpog6(|q rnq rsropioq rou M.
A eEovpou- AdrpeTnKe on6 rouq
Aryunrioug yro ro peyo pyo rou xor
Tnv npoorooio rnq ronrKq
Opnoxeurlxfiq napdoonq, lpuoe ro
Mouoeio Kor rn Br^roonxn rnq
A C,vpErdS.To 285 6pros
ouFoor^6o ro yro rou nToeFoio
Or^o^eo.
oorponeio rng Bourirvoq. no6pnoe
roug unoornoug roxouq rou
Meyoou A e4ovpou, qnoF6vovros o
povorx6q xupiopxog oe 6n rnv Aoion
on6 rov fyyn noroF Fxpr rn
Moyero eo^dood, nUroupydrvroq
Tn uvoorsi(| rrv I'e^euKrrilv, Er.roe
Uey6n onHqoio orn roixnon rou
xprous Kor ipuoe no^A6q veq
nerq. Evedppuv rrg enrorngeq xor
Kupit'rq rrg 6peuveg ornv Koonid
O6oooo. Hrov enrnrrKn Uopen,
evdr x6^Krvn nporogri rou pioxeror
orn N6no^n rnq lToios, fl6oove xar
rn rdpxero Frdq ouvrFooaoq nou
unoxivnoe o llroAegoioq Kepouv6q. O
yroq rou, Avrioxoq A', Tov 6ooqra orn
:e^eKero ror eyxorviooc rn Ucrq
Odvoro orpio rou ntrr6po rou r,rq
Aio Nrx6ropo.

25
OrxoxoMrA

rngKAtruNrunvnrt
cvonlnpcirrprogxoOnyrirptaqflovemornpiou locrn ivtov

o EBrvnr,rpo rou 336u.X., percrrn oo<trovio rou Orin-

nou B', n ev rotg exx1rnoiarc.rvMqxevov cr-
voxnpof,e Bcrorrqiov Aefiovpo f', o onoiog e-
uenpr,trovo n1loupynoer evo noyxopro xpoLog
t{a rng Apxrou Kcil rn1 ooutrtvnE, on ug -
xOegrou ouvcrntrrxprug pnxeg ttv lpoaiolv
Kor pexpr ug crxrgrou Neiou. llup, u pe ro go-
voro rou cyrvc oorpngn o-oDvexfto rou evroiou
xporoug rou, ro onoio ouvropo pe ug crencrn-
Aegxcrricrregouppof,ergrr,_rv <prof,ov rcroxr,tv
KCrroKr-pucluornxc oprorrxo.ol roropj.Kos rououvc_
nleg ruov repaouou envexoE,roo oe Oeopu-
x-uotrx oo rcrr oe orr<ovolnxenineo. fro
npdnn gopcr ornv xqorxn opxorrnro, oro nqi-
oro prcls evroicrgvopropntrrng nonrxng nou e_
Enppooe o Aefcrvpog,exiovrcrr novoporru-
no, elKovoypaetKcr,voproporo, noD roxereuovror
xor xuxoqopouv 0rgro ror' efoxnv uyreg, yr, ou-
ro npoorpregxcrr onoexr vpropo oug oyopes
prog repoouog enrxpcuerog.An tn peern rng o_
yxcbougvolnopcruxng nqpctyorynerou A.\ef,ov-
pou oe nounpcrxpuoo ncrropyupo, crAcrxar oe
rcruervrepnxaxo xpprorq,oloUuzo Noveigyvc_r-
oergonpcryrlKeg,oxr trrvovyro rn reuxpivron op-
(pronlrov ororxeiov, nc_rgro uopcriern ypoppo-
tt-io.crAoKoI vlo r nv ovoouorclon r ng orxovolliog
prog ox,\.npngrroxng,trrxprNor oxev o or-
c'rvegpero ro Bcrvorrou.
Orcrvo veopgAef,ovpogcrvcre ro pcmeo-
vrxo opvo eixe vo crvrtpercuuroer, oDlrg0rvclFe rov
Kopuo Kclt rov Approv, ntrioroerppcr500
rclovrog nou o<perrov otrg noeprxegupoeror-
Fqoies xor pootnprrmegrou uorptr rou. To cr-
orrxcrropeio nepreixcl prvov60 rocrvroKcll rro-
trpo oKeun, onre yro vcl ovnpronioer norxi-
egenrroxurg ovoyxeg, enpenevcr overoBei,o-

H NMII
rr0]Surroornpua o Approvog,nepinou 800rqovro.
Or exorpnreiegorn BoxovrKn, ol noe1lxgenr-
xerpnoersorn Opcrxn Kol rn Ono rou rreepclv
Konoto eooo on ng eieg.llcrpono o oor-
rgupeuevo Kervlnopcr yro rls xpnlroroo-
rnoelg rov enrxerpnoedrvrou, ev ef,ioou toxupn
ruov Kot n ovoyxn rng npoerolpooiogrou Vro rnv
eKorporeioornv Aoio, oeou orn polrourn ouvo_

[TO/LT
vrnon rov Envr,tvoro Xuveprorng Kopiv8ou o-
vcrxnpuxBnr<e nyelrdlv Kctl rou cvcteBnNen opxn-
yro rne ncrvenvrog exorporeicrgorn M. Aoiq xor
rnv Avoron, Ue ro npoxnpo rng r4ropicrg yro
)
26
 1.NproporouAe{tivpouflourovnoprorver
oovAndtdvs

IATIKH
xorlpuorigoror{pog(2)orovonoio rpper
neplxerpooio
A0qvdg.
3.Anorntooqvoproprov rouMeyolouAe{dvpou
pererpofl
rouriourpepouoo rq opoeovrog
rouHpoxf
rlr4(4)rn poprpri
Kororrlvt1 rouAfoperovoer.
5,6. Nopioporo
r4girogneprounouppe0qxov or4MepgrurqgArynrou

TOYM,MEEANPO
NOvIUvATIKH IIoAITIKH

7,8,9,10.To
volrioporonou roug no1rougnou r<ovovor llepoeg rpowor oxe-
e[eooe v vov ordtvo uprv, Kor Ue orxo, euiong, rnv o-
o Ae{ovpoq rel,eu8poon rov uerovrng M. Aoiog.
oe64rqv H orr<ovolnxn uoroxiq epe).eovrolro vo o-
enlxprerfrou of,,er,rov roSoivovrogvu<nrngorn M. Aoio xqr
yvrirproovoro evrepcrou neporxo cor),eiou,
olKerololn-
repolo Snxe ro.norn rotvAxorlrevrv xor peuoronoin-
yeoypoglxri
oe ro xpuoo Kcu rov opyupo nou Ecroocvoro 0n-
roonopf,ooupoEuorro
roug.An ro r<ooxoiprrou BB4n.X.
peyf4onoo1r{
ro onouqio r<evrpo,or Eoperg,n olrooxg, n
xorovoei;104xov
Bquvo, ro Eouoo, n flepouon, or flooopyo-
mo iooqnlo
eg, uErouv ro evq pero ro o.oxqr ro ropeio.
roeopdvo
vplqro rorJgUs roug Snooupogrou MeycrouBoorLrog
rou
opyofouxriolrouopeiou I' neprepxovrcuoro vrxnrn, ncogpog
unpoEopov o Approvg, o ropog, o Koup-
rrog, o f[oropxos Kqr o Erporrlv. Tetpaxrcpu-
pta raAavra vopioltarog, unoornpizer o llourop-
xog u 0o neprOouvornv xoroxn rou pvov ou
rov og8nro Snooup rorv Eoorrrvuou pror<rov
aro Krcoietov Mepvvtoy. Al.Loore pxr o),n
uryn eorovnpopxeror ou ug nrrnpeveg u-
erg,or ouoieg ovoyxozovro.rvo xorooouv uo-
eprrg ouoznproerg,vo. unpvo,cv ouvra{etg,
eroEopgyro rn ouUUeroxnrous orov oyvo.xoro
rorv llepov, evrit ev l,einouv xo.r or neprnroerg
rng ),oEupourinong orxporov uoepou. Ee
ouv8nxeg xroxrng uoelnxng nvoyxng tooi n-
yepvcg npootppouvxpnporq orov xoro.xlnrn, -
no4 o Mozdxns, oorporns rng Arynrou, o Aou-
itng, oorponngrotv Xoorov,oo xor o Ivc q-
ottog Totiz\ng.
Eror 8nxe n uvorrnro orov Aef,ovpo vo
orporooyei,vo proOverroug orporrreg,vo ef,o-
uizer, vl ouvrnpei ro orpot rou, rrg uoi.ropxnrr-
rg pnxoveg r<orro or1,o,vo pep4rvo yro Tnv ro-
rprxn repiSoqm rctv orporrorv, o}tro xor ug e-
mornpovrrg ouoorog,npoyporo uou eneo}ov
r<ooooroio.ef,oo. Meyoo. nrqv xo.r rq nooo rrou
orrcrrroDvrovyro uS Epoupg Kor yro rnv olruvo
rov KcrroKrnUevovneproxv, yro nS rpoergvrrlv
ner,tvxor ouorr<rv,yro ro ovoOnporo uou yivo-
vrcrv oe uergn repo rng EIoog. llopono
rppvuzc vo eivo.ryevvorotposUe roDSo4rou-
res Kr roug Eiougrou, npooivovrog pororo.oe
nouonovegexnoerg, yolrn),reg reer!, ou-
pnoro., eoprg, oyveg, Suoieg, oo xo: roEeg
V0Kp{Dvr
O Af,ovpog,o1rootgUero ro Oovqrorou Or-

flto rxpeilxnWops 6rn\r reffisrynxm

$px8,xmrsK6iwT&! K&!KerKm0{s&ptfv
mffiv6$ieteTum$,tKOVOvpWtx{s.v&}.!iopoTc

28
 11.Xpuooi
inuou, ouvxroe vo r<erro volrioporo Ue rous mor{peg
ruoug xor ro vo1ro.rou uorpo rou, ev ev no- rouAe[6vpou
perqe vo exoer xor oryoprOpougorornpeg pexegol{rqg
oro ouvn0n rogrre oro8pnrrr<r<nvvo.pe opog A0qvfg
nepinou 14,5 yp. Xroug orcrnprs ourous xpnorpo- xor14Nix4(12)
norn8nxe ro rx tou vo1roKcrroS uopcrotooergo- (Aplorooyrxri
norunBnxov ornv epnpo8ro xnr ouioBro rpn'o- Mouoefo
vuoroixrog n epoopro. popgn rou flovenviou Apqinoqq)
rg xor o oerg rou. H xoon rov orornpov ou-
voeerqr on opoyes,erKovoypcr(prr<o,unoror-
peoers, ev peprxeg Eopg rotpopouoreftqrn e-
pnpoBro qrn, ornv onoio crnoierorn reEon
rou Hporeoug. Eug onio8regrpergr<,rvpox1rv
xo.r nprpox1r<,rveuovololruveror n uopooroon
rou oero, orq roo onoiovror o oeroi u-
vrouoi, rogyro roug oooguroOereirorroo o
nergoo Kor o oxnUcnonornpvog xepouvg,op-
o}q xur rq uo rou rc.

rcr pnf,rxeuBn ooyn ouvn rov

o.noEooroevct lpoooppoer ro opn
rr,rv vo1[oporov rou orov nn roeo-
gvo orru< oroOpnrrx rovvo. pc o.-
vooyio of,iog xpuoo upog o.pyupo
1:10.Me qon our ro oornpo opxroov oro ef,ng
vo uopoyovror rerpopoxpo opoug 17,20yp. xor
xpuooi orornpeg, opoug8,60yp. To ae{avpet-
ov rerpopoxpo eyrve oro ef,ng oorxn pnrpo u-
pv r<ororEviro, oo xor n npooon rou ornv
Avoton, xorex.\uoe ug <re0veig>oyopg.
O rprog Moxevog oorrog uou xorye xpu-
oo.vopioporcr,rougnepiEnpovg rptAtnneioug,nrov
o Oirunog B'. O yrog rou qKoo8noernv rrpcr-
xuxn rou, eriovrog eniong xpuoog orornpeg,
no),crncroro r<orunororpoergroug, nou roxe-
re8nxov orn xpnpcrrornon rng exorporeiog.
Xug EergrougxopoxBnxov n r<ego.nrng A0nvog
Kor n rreporn Nirn rporvrog oreEovr Kol orl.l-
io, ouovro roi Eoivrxo. n rpio.rvo oro xpro
rng. H enroyn rcovogpoyir.lv yrcrro xpuoo nrov
ouporxn: n A8nvo, 8eo rng oorpiogKor rou flo-
pou,nrov une8uvn yro rn vixn xqr rnv e..eu-
Sepicr.Ar roDScrvoyevvnorqKoDsoxorcroregro
xopoKrnprorrr<orng Seorpn8nrov rourouxo 1ree-
xeivo rou Aefi,ovpou,coorooeivor o.rou
uroBetnBnxe n popEn rng gerroxng llpolrcrxou
ABnvcrg.H Nirn ouoreeiooEn ovoEopo oro eur-
Bupnr onoreopo,evdln oruio nou rpcuei ei-
)

Yo sfficsw&prm\{ xxps&pffix&i&
pmxpwKn$${i}\d
*yrue o'xe eqnq ffi*xcv'rNam
K{xr6,r.pv*&nm xrq {{Sxvciqxmyopc*q
xemN{***ffi*rwc

29
NOvTUvTATIKH
IIoAITIKH

vor ioos uupvnon rng oBprogvouuxng

rurcrs nou unornoqv or flepoeg ou roug
Envegorn Eoopivo r<ororoug llepor-
roug nopoug.Xrougopxrxogxpvoug
rng ooreiogrou Aef,,ovpouxun-
KcrvKol unororpeoergorornprrtv oug
flcr, AoUVoKo, Minro ror Xcp-
erg,uou rotnpnoov og elrnpooOru-
ro rn pop{pn tng A0nvog. Eug oni-
oOreg rperg o Belrorrxg r<uxog e-
pnourizeror UC rnv nopciorppnon xor
ol,ov Selrorrov:yro ro rropro rou orqrn-
pog emeyor,rorro uo rou Hpox}oug, r-
13.Xpuoqf,o xor pnoo, yro ro yoo o oxnporouornlrvog
morfpog. Krpcruvos.
Apydrepo H opyupn voproUoroKorrio.rou oorl.ro. ueprop-
xuxAorprip4oovover rerpopox1ro,ipoxpcr,poxlregrqr uuor-
unororpeoerqarpoerg,evdloe ef,,orpeuxgueprurcioerg,ev eier
rouvo;rloporoqeoprcrouxv, euererarv r<onv,uo.pnx8noov xor
eropoxpo..Ogonerr<vronrng elrnpo8rogEng
or xopcrxregErorxvnoov rnv r<erponroD veo-
pou, oyeveiou Hporl,oug pe opo l,ovrog. O
Hpoxng unnpf,e xr pvov o puOrxg rpurng rng
poreovrxng uvooreiog, qo Kor o nproog uou
Oopozeo Aef,,ovpog,nou rourioSnxe pozi rou
r<oronc'ronnoTe olnv otpernpic prog orpont-ruxng
eurxeipnong n euroyn rou nrov onpovuxn. Xug
onio8reg qerg noyrdlOnxen poprpn rou rg, v-
Spovou xporvrog oxnnrpo xor oer: upxeuor
yro ro reooyrxnoproo rng xeEongrou llove-
nviou Arg, nou eixe onorunoel oro rerpopox-
po rou o @irunogB', ef,unnperrivrog nponoyov-
rouxog orxoug, o.qroeixe ovor<npux8ei uove,
l,nvrog nyepv rns eKorporeio.gornv Avoron. H
r<oOrpoton rov popEv rou Hporl,oug Kor rou
Arg porponp8eopo ouvuuo0nKe pe ug ovri-
ororxes ovororr<g8ernreg, o Hpoxng pe rov
MeLxopr (Melqart) xor o Zeug pe rov Bcroi,
(Baal), oro ul,qioro rng envooororrxngnour-
xhg uou ooxnoe o Aef,,ovpog.Or rnor ouroi

p Trl xpeJff,i!{s! spy{Jpxl

f1mpmfrfrnffics
\rs$,l!ff&rtK|3
mgpv**ynx*EmK&vff
*{e},{nsw$pim mffimmqxetrKd}v K6p&|or{*}v

oEpoyroav ro retpnpo.xpo,croKcrrrrg unorqr- To volnoporoxoneio rng Bouvogef,ooero

peoerg,ro ipox1ro, ug poxpg, ro npipoxpo
Kor roDSooloug, ev oug ouioSregEerg rrov n-
prooir,rv Kot rov oyotv rou ool.o rKovolpo'
Eouvrcrl rq no rou Hpoxoug, puoo, Eope-
rpo ror rf,o.
325-323u.X. pro onovrq oerpo exopoxlrotv,o-
pous rrepirrou 40 yp., Ue rous ruoug rov rerpo-
poxlrcrv. To 326-323,n iro nl,n 8q 8oeroe xu-
xogopio opyupo volrioporo (5 ore, opoug
40,74yp.),oru onoio.oterxovizeror o Af,ovpog.

30

Etnv elrupo8ro ryn, oe Ur ouyprcrurnKn oEn-
ynpauxn uopaoroon, errovoypaqreiror ouporxo
o terrg oyvog rou Aef,,ovpou evqvriov rou
flpou rov Iouro rou 826. O Ivg oor),rogpe rov
mahout, rov ony rou, ivouv rnv rel,euroio po-
xn roDSon rn poxn evg rvrxo noe1nxoee-
14.Terp6polpo
lpcrvro.H no.pooroonrou oyxoug zou xupro.pxei rouAe[6vpou
ornv enrEoverorou volrioporog, rooroon porro e- oovHpoxri.
lrKevrpoverqr ornv xepouvoo eEppnon evg 15.Toiro
eqrurou veopo, rou Aef,ovpou,rrou enti8eror vtillogopp604xe
xpooivovro.g rn ooproo evavriov rov noe1uorv or4Meo4pppio
ro egcrvro.floLoug orveg opyrepo.,n pxn Kot oT0
ourn xolrnoe ro xerpypoEorou Xox-No1r(17oS Mntiopnex
or.)! Ernv on En rou volriolrorog pro llrepoxn (16)
rouAipovou
Nixn oreEovver rov Af,ovpo, rou Eper po-
neovrxn uoeprxn ef,opruon, neporxn uopo
ornv neEon r<orxporei og Zeug-Af,ovpogrov
xcpouv, no4 oxprg rov yvprze xor n opxcio
uopaoon (Ilouro.pxog):AneAAng e yparpav au-
LvKepauvo{dpov. _llpxeuoryr Uro eopLoouxn
r<ounpe oulroi.rx xopoxrnpo, ornv ouoia ef,oi-
pror n Koro.Krnonrng Iviog, ql,tro Kqr n roxg
rou veopoSeou-qorro,egrxupiopxourng Aoiog.
opo.nope rn xpuon xor opyupn vo,
urououKn nopoyoyn, r(l vourouoroKo-
neiq, roo ro poxeovrxo oo xor rng
Avorong, 8eoqvoe xuxogopio n),n-
8og xoxv reppo.Lrrrv, uou upoopizo-
vrcv yro rnv euetoupyio rng eyxprag oyopos Kor
yro rnv ef,,uunprnon u,tv xoSnpeprvrilv cvoyxv
rrJV orpcruorrilv.XulrEr,rvope ro opog, ev pper
Kor pe ro peyeOgroug,rof,rvopovrqr oe tooeprg
uuororpoerg,nou ouxvo.xouvug ireg nopooro
oerg.Kupiopxn erKovoypo(piorr,rvuouopr8lrorvex-
oerovo.uore..ovn popEn rou Hpor<ous,n Ke-
Eon evgronporoEpouveoviq xor n xetpon
rou oEvooregogAni,otvog,oe ouvuoop pe
ro uo rou Hpaxoug.rov oeL.rov xepouv, -
vo ol,oyoxr uou rprnoizel Ktrr rov runq, l,o po-
rio. npooErn orn por<eovl<n oorrxn voln-
oporor<onio.Teog,vo oo Bpo nou ogpoyroe
rnv elrlpo8ro pn notruopr8pov xql.rv eivqr n
poxeovrxn qofiio: no, npr.iropxrxo.,rou poxe-
ovrxo orporoD,ouorl,eoeouvolro xor ro e8vrx
oulrotro rotv Moxevrrrv. Ernv onioSro qm ou-
Ts xsxs wopiff&-Nrs
npeep*q&vrffi\r
Vt
x'"tv
umtTupv,sxnq vspuq xmlv' rn\f
eQummp6xmnr{r}v CIvoyKvrtrlv sx,psx*{A}xri}v
rv rorv oonropparvxoxv ouoieror por<e-
ovrx xpovog xor oe pio nepinroton rq. uo rou
Hpoxoug.
H popEn rou Al,ef,ovpou evoc,rzooe qnerxo-
vioSnxe onovro oro volrioporo rou, nop, u o A-
omilog, o AneMng xor o flupyotng, nou opi- >
31
NolzruMATrKH
llorurtru

oOnrov Ue Kovovrorrx r0.-

roypo 0S enionlror xol.r-
rxvegrng oungeirroveg
aurou nlnoupyeiv. ti-
xuv nn Erorexvnoer
rct noprper rou. Av
I Ko'I n recrrng etKovr-
ouKns oneu<vrong
rou povopxn oro volri-
o1r<Ilorou nrov npoxu-
Kn rov llepov oorpo,
nv, rr.iv uvoorv rng Au-
xiog, ioolg Kor rou @riunou
B'. ev pnopei vo Sccopnoer xo-
17.Apyupri veig rnv xeEon Hpoxoug, uou E
rerpdpopooqpcryrzerro volriopcuo rou, uoprpro rou Ae-
f,,ovpou,upoypo. nou urSovg uioreuov or Uercr-
YeveorepesYsvres. oeyyion. flo.pono rer<lroiperorn ev zr,rnono-
To no.LuouznrnpevoBepn rng npooxvnong uou 0er,lonrou Aef,,ovpou,Eorvpevope pizeg ornv
of,,irooeo ALef,ovpogog xrxo oeooporo 827 r<oorxn enoxn, .oe fieproprolrevn ouoonuore
u.X. -nn npoerorpooUvoo.nro ourr Kcrrou- xipoxo, ovu8erog rrpos rnv eupeio ro.oonrou
vtpoqrrx rou ueproov,ogo o Kporepg xopo- xoto lnv cl,.\.nvrolxn enoxn.
r<rnpizeror rptoaotegKcrro Hgorcni<rtvgr,l,a-
ef,avpog, onynoe pog oro Sovoro ro yro ellrYpoqn rrou ovcrypo(percuoro vouroucr-
ur<o npoivro rou Aef,ovpou nepropi-
Kq-li.l,ro06vn, rou ro eppnveuoe rog eyroSipuon
upooormrng Oeoxporicrg-xor rpio xpvro opyre- zeror, ouU{povope rn po.xeovrxnnopo-
oon, oro vo1rorou oorl,n. Aiyo uprv
qu ro Suvor rou, nr0ovrilg ro 325-328
h{ gxwg:'rpr-*
r$&,,&neqmv6pmu v$$e* Cme*ms
n.X., ro voporou oro volriopcuo.ouvoeerorn-
effirK$v,trffimsse
ffrl&v,s'x'\{epis&JT&
Te&i" ov Kcrr on ro qorrK riro, BAXI^ECIE
$Tffip'
&x, efxe ryrffimrxvm&T l3*pxp**xm
cm$",A^EEAN^POY, opxrxo orn Bquvq, orn ou-
vxero.oe neproorepovoUroporoKoneiorng vuog
M. Aoiog xor @orvixng.Ernv iro.rn Mo.xeovioo

po. n ouoirnon rou vo ovcryvropro8ei og 8eg on

ug envrr<eg nergornv Kprv8o, ev ennpeo-
oov rnv ovrinryn uepi rng vopropour<ngerxvog
rcu Aef,ovpou.H popEn rou onoieror pvo oe
po.xregexoergovoro}rxv voluopororouei-
ov. Ee xoxo. rng MpErog, uou p8nKov orn
Nexpuon rng ung, erxozerqr u onerxovize-
tcrt ro veovrr<[oprporo rou Aef,,ovpou,nop' u
ev eivor eunnro ro oroprKo xopoxrnpronxo., pe
oryin xor opo eEovrog(pveio ornv roroxrnon
rng Iviog). Ee pio r<oonrng BouLvoS (5 o-
reL) o otpornorng pe nnpn poxeovrxn uol.e-
prxn reprol,n, pe rnv neporr<noorhKn rqtr-
rlrpo ornv xepon Kor Ue xepouv oro xpr, Erl,o-
rexvn8nr<eog Zeug-Afi,ovpog. Me rnv euroyn
crurourou rnou xor poc,trou ouUeuppou rc,rve-
nvrxv xo.r neporxv ororxeiotv rng evulrooiog
tou, r<ototpo.iveror
Kol n roSeonrng upoongrou
orgnyepvog ELnvrov xor Aororv, oEo upono-
pooKeuozernv envooororrxnnotrouxn npo- @
32
 18,19.Iroroxri
rnv crpxn rng eKorpcneiogrou Aef,,ovpouxor n ooyf
rrcrpcryoynouvexiornre epu8po r<or oroernrcr. oto0nlKfq
Or ovoyreg yro rnv xourpn rov ovoyr<vrng eK- xornpornov,
orporeiog euo.LnvKol rnv xonn volrioporog oe xo06q
oo peyoo xvrpo exrg Moxeoviog. Eror, eui o A6[ovpoq
rov npepv rou Aef,ovpou, poornprouorn8n- npo;ltlpeiond
xov exiovrogxpuoo r<oropyupo, ocrr<orxo:' r4v Eupdnq
no pe toug ruougr<o.rro vo1rorou uergtng u- or4l Aqptxtixol
uxng r<orvuo.gAoiog Kor rns Kupou, rcr ofroD- 0II0eKeloTnv
oio epnoprr<oxvrpo rng Eupiog; rng oorvixng Aoio'H A04vd
Kor rns Aryurou, euiong n Bouv xor ro Eo- ovrlKoulor0
oo ornv xopro rng neporrng ouror<poropiog. ty.lfo *:1
EE'
oovro vpropo,
xpuo,opyupn xqx,,ro, o- : T!:l:ryS
erolonugexoorore
nl.erg,xopoxrnpizeror
on :lfllff:l
rougirougruoug
Korrnv iroemypoEn,upoxer- filXltt#-
IrevoDvo ovoyvcrpizovror or Kqro rnoug eriou-
oeg o.pxg,nl,8nxe n rourrnrq roug, eire pe ro
oorrxgrirog xpno4ronorn8nxe pvo oe pero- opxrxo ro e8vrxo roug eire pe evq opoo,rou-
Sovouegexoerg. roux rng unoroong rous:'n Eqeoog xpnorlrouoi-
To volnolroroxoueio orq ouoiq ef,,e8noovvo- noe rn prooo, n Pog ro pov x.o.r. Auor-
pioporo rou Aef,ovpou nrov uouopr8po r<o.rno- eopo ourng rng Lepoouognopoyroyngnrov n qn-
vrorg ev nepropizovrov pvov oug rperg peyo..eg utn, oxev povonroro.r<nxupro.pxio tav ae-
rergrng Moxeoviog, oq ouLd)vovrovKr oe f,,avpeiav rctpapaxpav, ur^tguvoEpovraroug
egug neproxg,or onoieg eixov reBei un rov - envrorrr<g enryporpg,xor po.roraor y\axeg,
eyx rou. Er4v II1,o,upcoreouocrou poxeo- ro opyupo volriolroro rc,tvASnvv nou pxpr rre
vrKo qor..eiou,xunr<ov xpuoo xor opyupo, - enoupyooovr,rgpuSprouxg nopoyovrogorrs o-
rIoS Kcrrornv nuro nprlreouoo, ug Aryg, clor-
oo uouopr8po volrioporo nopnxBnocrv ornv peyx{i}\rx6&v
Tm cffie&sv&petm xxps&pffi x$.{emffi
ApEiuon. Ex nnponou, eriovrqv xo}xo
yr vcrxoEouV ug ro8npeprvg eootreprxegovo- mq Vm6ux6qrTeeipdxp! vmxefrelxeupys*rsek{
yKeS rov nortv, qtro xor rov orporrc)rv nou puffi$i,s'y,Km wxtqe\f$pd;qrx'!q,&,vrclffimq
ouveuov rnv eKorporeio.Ko.r oro rpio ouro vo-
proUoroKorreiov1lopo opxroe vo xeror on

yopgrng Avoro}ng, uopoyxoviornxov. To vpr-

opo rou Aef,ovpou xqrorn novioxupo poov 20.Meneprxe-
xaraAayng, pe oupoxourn r<uxoEopiuornv e- gooioro refi4
vroio eurr<porercrrro-unproupynoe oe oxev pio proqn6tr49.
er<oerioo veopgorporncung,pe ouoreeopo,o- 21.Nriproponou
uc'rgonoerr<vDeroron roug nouu.l,n8eig<0n- pp604re oro
ooupous)),vo xupropxei Kcrrvo xweiror ou epn- Agyovror6v
poug, uooipoxous Kclt rof,reurgeurxro oug xoronerxovi(er
te0veig oyopg:vgropo xotvv ro4 naot. q Oproppeunxf
Kr ev nrov ovolrevpevn n uopoyroyn,n onoo- eiooorou
xn xqr n eupeio rqoon rc,tvvolnoport -rvtou, xoto. Meyou
tn ropxero rorv yeyovrrrlvornv Avaron, ouyxo- Ae[fvpou
vtoux eivor ro yeyovgu ev oropurnoov vcrno- or4Bopurirvo
poyovror Kor vo r<oBopizouvTrSorKovoprKegoxc-
oers Kor petcr ro Sowu rou. Or peroOovorregxoneg
rou Aef,,ovpouunnpf,,ov vo povcrrxqrorv1revo
rng xoorr<ng opxorornrog, r<o8g oro uuopxovro
voproUoroKorreionpoor8nxov exoeg vo oug
MqKeovio,Hnerpo, I),upio (exoergrou Movou-
viou), ornv llorovio (er<oerg rou Auoowog, >

33
NovruvrATrKH
llonrrrxH

22.Kegor{
rouAe{dvpou ornv K. Eloo, rnv lleouwnoo, xo8g Kcuoug
pexpfvog M. Aoio, Ktpo, Xupio, Oorvirn, Aiyunro xor
npopooxfoq Avqron. Euxvq errxgouv8meg uuoypeuov rnv
eeqowo oe r<oun vopioporog rou Aef,ovpou, nrog ouvn
vrilloporou xuro rov up4ro 3o or. n.X. oe terg rng Moupng
flroe;.roiou,
OooooogKor rns M. Aoiog: upoxerlrvou vo efo-
ovolrv4onxyopooouv rnv eeu8epiaroug on roug looreg, o-
r4qvixqqeri voyr<oo8nxov vo euroBov oe nopayoyn ae{av-
rov lvtiv. peiarvrerpopo4rov, ro onoio nnpr'lvov
r.lgEpo
23.0 A6{ovpog oroug empopeig, nou euunroorl pvov our ro
xepoorppog vpropo, pe ro ouoio nrov ef,ou<ero1rvoroug ne-
oeoyoptinoproxeg
rrov Bcl,xovirov, uou emxrLtpiozov.H un-
nouppe0qxe
Opo rolv peruSovorrov exoeorvonpcnornoern
or4vfleu
volnolrorrxn orxovopio prog otrxnpng enoxng,
eE' oov ev nepropioSnr<en rrcrpoyoynrous oe Urcr
poxeio nepioo, o.Lo ef,,cr<ooOnoqv vo ro-
vror Uexprro 2o or. n.X., oru'tonlore trprv on rnv
emxupropxio"uov Pr,lpo.ir,rv,on opropevegporora
nergpu<prKc[ rov 1o 0.r.u.X.
flcvolrorruneg eivor or er<oerguou roqe, pe-
ro ro Bqvqr rou, o erepo8ctrngoeEgrou A.A,e-
f,ovpou,o Oiumog I'o Approiog (B2B-312), pe

Or pexcfrcvoueq
exoo'elqsnporTn6"\,
Tn voptcypeTtKnotKCIvo,.,is$.fioqonCIKdnpnq
p*xpl rnv iltKuptpxior(I)v p&)psie*lv
nCIxnq,

rnv enrypoEn BAEI^EOX OI^IIIIIOY. H ouvxerq 8og awo Kal ou-

mS rropoyoyng peroSovorrr'rvexoeorvorn M.
Aoio ouveoror Ue rrs noeprxegcrvaperpnoergrc,rv
roxcov,rexrxnrv rou xpnroug rou M. e-
[,ovpou. H voluoporrxn uapoyroyn oro vopo rou
ouvexiornr<eoxev oroeruroxor xqro.rov rrpo-'
oexn crrvu ge xong xpuov, xupic,rgpr,lg rerpo-
po.xpov o.u roug Mo.xevegooreig, xr pvo
ru eupxeno yrq upooqrLg oug cyopg rar
oroug orporrreg vpropo, crqru or rooxor
ro xpnorUonornoovoS reKpnpro rng voluprnrcg
rous oro 8pvo. To 306/305 o Awiyovog o Mov-
@oUoS Kor o yros rou npnrprog o Ilo)troprn-
tng xopnvovror ro oorrx rir.Lo, nou olreoo.8o
rov qonooSov rql or oor rqoxor. O npnrprog
o lloroprnrns Kol o Awiyovog o lovorg oro a-
Aefavperu volrioporo nou xoqrov 8eoqv ro r-
x roug vopo, oogol,g pe ro crorl,rxriro.
H popgn rou Aef,ovpou querxovio8nr<eOeo-
uornpvn ong exoergrc'rvroxrovror nopo ro
rroirepc oupoo.rroDrns ouooe o xo8vog n-
n ouroug,uroEern8nr<ero uoprpero rou, nog ro
eixe Erorexvnoero Aornnog, xoro. uS [eprypo-
Eg rou fllouropxou: xarcpltvue K,t xax ro n-
veEe(ppem pop(pn
rnv apernv. ot ' aAAot
tnv tnootpoenv toD tpaxnAou
KAI LAV OppaUtlV tnv laxuo| xat
uyprnra p4teio1at 1Aowag ou terpuAauov
autou ro appevonv xat Aeovreg.O ououoiog
orpornyg Kr ouyypo(pogffto.Lepoiog o you,
o Eoufip, o rpurng rng uvooreios rc)v lftoepoi
ov ornv Aiyunro, o.nerrovizer oro volriolrcra rou
rnv xeEon rou orpornlcun pe opo eEovrog
-pveio oug emxerpnoels ornv Ivio-, ol,a xol pe
oryio rou rg ypra au ro o4r, emeoiclon
rng Seirng unoroongrou verpo oorrq.
EJ\euxog.A, rpurng rou opritvupou oe-
.A.eurrrxouoixou, emxupiopxog evgo-
n6povrou qorl,eiou pxpr rnv evoxpo
rng Aoiog, npooiver ornv xonn vopr-
olror<rrvue rnv reEo),n rou A.Lef,ovpou,
euiong pe opc eEovrog,xupicogpog ue rpo-
vog roxoopnpvo pe rporo roupou xor ypc,lo-
n ro tro.rpopn .l,eonopoeotg. Ef,oioro xopoy-
Uevn n Uop(pnrou M. Aefi,avpouoro rerpopox-

34
 gn roD AxreogtogAe-
f,ovpou. Kr ourn n vo-
IrroucnrKn erKovo ou-
yxiver pe ro gro-
oyrxo. expoprpxr,
nou eorvouv u
o veopg orporno-
rng ror<orexrovo-
t n1o yru apern,
nog o opnprxg n-
poog. Tnv eorrepo,
pororo, nprv on rn
poxn ornv Ioo Suoiooe
orn Orrq, orov Nnpeo,
oug Nnpnieg Kor orov flo-
oerdrvo,nc,rgxor o Axr.,).og,
"
rqv nrqv vo.ovoperpn8eipe rov Exropo! Xrn otpai- 24.0 l-lrotrepoioq
po rng irog yonreiog xor iou Saupoopouou cr- o Afyou,o larrfp,
oxooen oEnporopvn popEn rou Aef,clpou, or rpurtjg
rporovreg rng Borrpiog, ro 20 or. [.X.; yrcr IIpo- r4guvomeiog
uoyovronxog youg,r<ovovxpnon rou erKovo- rov flroepoitov
ypogrxo npornou rng regcrng rou Aef,ovpou or4vAiyunro

Ksrll p{J&xtrroproypery*e
H rwxoproypery{m
ffeJvT{*mtrs\{
K&y&ffiuvxxw
Ker s"xnv cnoTnJCIn
Tmqpopwrxq xCIulA,ffiemr,r&p&J
ffx vopiopsro

lro rou Auorlroxou, og Hpnxous, Kcrr pororo o AyoSox.LnS(190-

oorrq mg Oparng, 170n.X.) ef,orceUro ersreroKn oerporerpopox-
uopouorozeror Beonornp- pov pe rnv erlypcrqn A^ESAN^POY TOY
vn ue ro Kepos rou OIAIrIIIOY.
Apptrlvog rg. Ero AvtrEeyyropcr rng roxogrr,rvrerpopoxpov rou
utrx Envr- Aef,ovpou qnoreov or notruun8eig<crpo-
op o rpororg prreg>, urrrgeiSrorol vo xcrpoKTnpizovror,orropr-
nyepvog rov pnoerg rorJsorrg uopoouvcrreg neproxgroro rov
Eupor<ouov 3o or. n.X., nou ex8nxov nn Spoxrro, xeuxq
AyoSox.Lng, p.tro xor nyepveg, o.Lq Kor oe neproxg rng
oro rog rou Tpovouoviogxor tng Ouyyopiog,ev xpuoo x-
4 o uo r . n . X . , 8 u rrnKov oug onpeprvgBoryrin, Mopoio xqr Eo-
xpnoruo[ornoer oxio. flo.po rnv opxrro r<onuorrnro orn xo.po.-
oro vouloporo rou f,n rcovUopgv, or <opo.por>xouxveg ev
rnv xeEon rou Ae- opynoov vo ouooouv ogorpenxo rrs UopeesKor
fi,ovpou pe opo ee- vo nopcr"Lof,ouv rrg errypo{peg.Avotroyeg onopr-
(powog. Aiyeg ero.e- pnoerg. oo pe opopoixeE enrypo<peE xot entxti-
rieg opyrepopro oon- pro eni pepous oupoo, er<8nr<crv oe norr1ro
pn Seooorxn uIn, n xr opyrepooe eure6gpro}o or ro 'pro rou
Ao.proo.Kpepoorn, nou 3oDor. r.X. orgKcnrov np4ro 1o nr. p.X., ornv
enoipovrov rognorpio rolrrxn neproxn rng ovororr<ngApoiog.
rou olrnprxo npr,lo Koro roug cruroKpcrroprKog xpvoug, o pBog
Axreq, oqrpoyroe ro rou npcorr<orvolpcuog ororpn..oreiug envr-
xpporo. mS pe rn pop- xg nLerg, uou xovrog qnooer rnv no}urxn )

35
 n oe xonn rerpopoxprrtvpe rnv ovoypoEn rou
ovoporosKOrrnv llopoorqon rns Kepooqopouuop-
Eng rou Aefi,ovpou,nproupyio.uEnng oEpo-
yrouxng rxvng. Xrq xoKo xpporo, o.Lo.xor
orrg onoorpolrouoes qerg rotv xpuov vtKntn-
piav, paeiotvyro roug oyveg uou ef,,ooero
Korv rcovMo"xevov xnr n po rou, n Bporo,
xoro rov 3o or. p.X. onetxovioBnxqv ouoxl,erou-
xo.n popEn rou upoyvou roDSKor ro.Opul,rxorou
xoropBporci,rourxpovo xcrr8poro oxeuzpevo
pe rn Seirn rou npoLeuon,uotgn ouvepeon
rng povog rou, rns Mo),ooong npryrinrooog Ou-
purog Ue rov norpo rou Appcovo io, uou q-
no8nxe clg Erg.Tnv iro.euoxn prxpoororrKes
nerg,ro fpooo, n Anol,l.c.tvio, n Eoyoooog,
n Xpupvn, ovooupovLosro npruno rng poptpng
I'rr,i..rU{ rou on rnv envrouxn nopooon xor nourizo-
H$$ vrS Ue voug 8pLous rov xolro rng oef,ov-
perog erxovoyporpiog,8o Boouv ota vopioporo
fi roug, oeg rnv xeEol,n xr oegrn popqrn rou
orguoeprorn n pe ng uo rpolrepegNelroergrng
Epupvng, rou np8ov oro verp ToDyrcr vo rou u-
noeif,ouv, urrtgueprypoEer o flouooviog, vo e-
uuvrpoerrnv nn.

r pyeuves mg Ppng, 0u rnv efioxn

rou Auyootou, xupiotg eui Xenpr,rv,
ii! yorueupevor on ro pyo rou orpornorn,
rov eKovclvnpoorourx roug npoxr. O Au-
.1
-1 youoros,o Aprovg, o Eemiprog Een-
1tosrrpooKuvnocrvro Enpawu ornv Aef,avpero.,
o Kopoxog pororo rcrxorexrov on ale-
{,avpopavic, ote ev iorqoe vo ovqouornoer
rn poxeovrxn Eooyyo Kor vo enovoEperro
poxeovrr<otl,o. Or Oeooqovrxeigripnoov rov
outoKporopoAyouoro xopoooovrogrn gopgn rou
25.H Oeonoiqo4 oe xo.xcr,oororxn, ruuooyrr<o,pe rn popEn rou
xol Aorpeiorou toug ouroroOeonxor rn oupperoxn roug ornv o- Acfi,ovpou.
Meyfou oKnon rng ef,ouoiog,ovrpef,nv oro roroprr xor lleprorotrxo on rnv exorporeio rou M. Al.ef,ov-
Ae{6vpou oe nouroux ou8epo rou nope8vrogKqr rrpooo- pou perouorvovror oe Opougcru rn qixn
owiypogoepyou vqro}ioSnKov ornv crvo.erf,npopgv, uou, er- pvnpn xcrr tpotpoorov rnv <qreuoxoro8-
rou Ane{orov roupyvrng og opoo.,upooeoov Beixn ro- vero> puOonoour<nuopooon, rou 8o perorppo-
oixoVettir4g oroon. H roroprxn Euoroyvorlriorou A),ef,ovpou oBei r<or'opxcrg
oro orrvrxo ro 300 g.X. on rov
l-lopnliognourov nrov eupcog yvoorn ou rnv roroproypo.Eio,n l.o- Io.l,ro Bo6pro, ev o.u ro iro xeilrevo opee-
noptorfvetoov rpeio rou ooKouvLovouornporrxo orn Moxeovio
ror o nupnvog rng <@uoogD rou M. A}.ef,ov-
alo Kor oe oprerg envrxgnerg.Xtrg <rpxgrou
pou. H roroproypogioxor n pu8roroproypotpion-
1ou qr. n.X. orn Moxeovio, xoro roug pr0protr- rcrv Euorx vo ouvreoouvxcruquuxoKcu ornv
xog uopoug,o Pr,rpoiogropiog Aroicrg lpo- onoruroon mS 1rop(png rou oro volrioporo, ro uro
enionpo vror<oqrvro prog uoteiog. ev eivo.rru-
{3 &ffi*&sv&poq 6mploupymry sva connnnro xcrio u iyo xpvro o.pytepoo Krovorawivog .A
tr Kxmtrri vte*eSscy*ffielo o Myog, pero rnv exreon rou ovuuoou rou
Ke,ffi$Jm{e*m's Kpionou Kor rng erepng ouzyou rou Ooorog,
&,x&tr{Jvx6poKHKn voprouaKmtK&v&$jte ro 326p.X., oro xpuon vopioporo nou ef,,ecloeorn
Erorio, opErovo Ue rov Euoro (de laude
Constantini 5, 6), npo),ern rxn rou erxvo c,tg

36
 26.Xpuod
Kpcrroroenvrouxo nyepvo.,pe rcrnpoornv xvr,r8ei oueroKnro, rqv o Aef,ovpog,oD or potroiKnepior|To
xeEoLn, opoyn U rnv r<eEonrou M. Aef,ov- pe),ouoegyevrSrov ovpoonv Myo, oqnve uiotLt uern ilopQl{
pou. Tnv iro euoxn rou ol xprouovoi xpnorpo- rou rov Yqonn. gBovovrog ornv eoxono rou x- rouMeyou
ilolouocrv crnorponoixo yro rn oonovio. xoxo pe opou, nproupywog vo, oounnro oe xroon, Ae{vpou,
rnv r<eEo).nrou Aef,ovpou,or rcroxorrou Krrtv- evroio ooiero Kor Oelre),rvovrogUro oDvrcrpo- peroKprilKf
orovrivou exiouv ro oporcr8po vopropotpop- r<nxn voluopouxn orxovolrio. Or repeigrov e- Tnqveos
Eo.peroro, oro ouoin onerxovizeror o Af,,ov- KoouoKpTerp0q
Ev ro 336n.X. rov crnoxq"^.eoovovixnro. ErcAe-
pogoIore tcuuopvog pe rov Hpoxn xr oo- ro orrs 28 rou qroiou pnvg ro 323 t.X. r,tgovr- P6uq
re Uerov xoro.o.popr,tvvrxnrn. Teog,Uern on- (ApXqrooyrx
xnrog 8e9.
Mouoeio,
Uerooyioevg uuoEoKovrog ouyxepoopo rng
uoyovrouxng, cr),oKol rns xprouovrxng qvrin-
Bepolfvo).
BIBAIOfPAOIA
27.Nriyropo
lyns, crlerKovizeror pe teBprnuo vo ovpxeror J.G. Droysen, Iotopia rcu Meyaou A\ef,avpou
oroDs oDpcrvougr,tg oog ovixnrog Hrog (sol (e^^. prep. P. Anooroing, oxro/unoonperoerg ueTnuopQri
H. xor X. Arooroin). ASnvcr 1999.n
rouAe[ovpou
invictus). rougpsonKe
J.M. Price, The Coinage in the Name of Alexander
O npoo8vng ev nrov o polrovuxg vooro- orofloKroTriv
the Great and Philip A,rrhidaeus, Zupixn-^ovivo 1991.
yg rou rope8vrog,nog rov xopoKrnproovoy- xorxdppo
A. Stewart, Faces of Power. Alexanders Image
xpovor rovooulrevor.eJorooro xporog-rnouno- and Hellenistic Politics, Berkeley-Los Angeles- rouenrydvou
ng, nou utoornprf,,epe noBog, peevq ouppr- Oxford 1993. I Ieexou (28)

37
EMUNIKOTHTA

3.H rovrxo
puOponpdoory4r oxeroornxe,nrov 4 eeuBepio. yro rov Oirnuo
rour0otipou xnr' opxog Kol rov Aef,,ovpoorn ouvexerqvo xo-
rdqouf'rolv rquroouv roug Enves.|IS 0o pnopooc4revo
upltivrou3ou ef,,nynooupeourn rnv epEovn ovriBeon onqeotv;
ortivon.X.or4 O lxpiEtB, xqro rn yvcipn pou, xer ro xorepo
Bepyivoenrxeipnpo. Oeorpnrrxo.,optpovo pe roug oroSe-
pog dnoug uou ioxuov otn ru).at1rorio, egor
nerg-penrng ouppo.xios rucM <ee8epegr<or
nurvolreg>,q.Loour ev rpoiveror vo ioxue ornrr
npof,n -nro epEovrilg- orous Onoioug. flpoyporr-
ro., ro 335 n.X. or Onnior enovqorqrnoov r<qrorou

Apxwx*xr*fratq:
*&w *ffimtmx&ffiffimweq
'epyffiwd3\r&wx&\r
s $Jxffi
&Jev6tKrlNxmffixxe{s,
ffimg-xx'xmpma*rysqr
v{8 KrJ&pv,1tr#e}v
rev K&6$ie$

Af,ovpou oxprg yro vo nerxouv our uou o- rng raOopng n xr roroy<,ryngrng oor..rxngorxo-
vuopovovtov u nrov ou8ewrxn eeuSepioxor yverog r<,rvTnpevrv on yvnoro e..nvrxnop-
ourovolrio. Tnv irq oxprg ovrinEn eixqv xor yittxn qun. Avoqepolro.rxupiog orn ouverotpopo
or El,nveg, or onoior un rnv nyepovio mg A8nvog rou Aef,ovpouorov envrx nolrop. Kor oe
euqvqorornoovKoro rou Al,ef,,ovpouro 323-2u.X. ,n oEopo rn Xulrlxrxio rng Kopiv0ou, or oyxpo-
Ko.r u yvpeg uuopxouv ylo rnv envrxrnro vor peernrgxouv erEpcoer xoBopo.ovrurBepe-
rou Aef,ovpou; ev 8o f,,ovovoif,o e ro znrnlro veg o.nqrerg.O ooopgKr eyKUpoSleppovg pe-

40

ernrng OIprx Bixev (Ulrich Wilken) uioreue
pe oBevoprnrou o Alef,cvpog <uoppervepe-
xpr roug vog vBeppog Bcrulraorngrou envr-
xo nveporog>. Oo pnopoocrv vo ovo<pepBov
noEpoprupiegrou evroxouv rnv onoqrn ourn.
H oun rou nepreo1roveE.LnvegErooEoug
xor ovBpnoug rov ypolrlxuov, opxng yevopvng
6.Moplopuoq
orr ro ouyyevn roD Aprororen, Ko-],ro8vn, o 0pr5vog
oro
ouoiog eixe eurorporeurei c,rgeuionlrog roroprxg 0oporou
rng er<orporeiog.O Aef,ovpogSeropouvrovu e- Togour4g
xrrpooe neproorepo ou xq8e qlo envrK Eupuix4q(p6oo
r<eipevoro ovriypcrEo rng LLriag nou o irog o 4ouorrilvo
n.X.)
Aprororngeixe oxorooeryr' ourv. Ee i,egng or4Bepyivo
neproxgnou xorrunoe, pxpr rnv Iviq, o Al,e-
fi,ovpog8onroe envrxogoycirveg.To poxpo-
rrepo rnpornpo rou ou' o nrrrv n oerpo
rov envrxdv neolv nou ipuoe, pe ef,,exouoo
rnv A.ef,ovperorng Arynrou -rn yevrerporou
S fieppwvoq&xcffiexmxmq
eiffipxx Wfrrcevmt$xlJ
<lm&p&$J6'w
orx s ,&&e&axv$peq x{im*uqt*wq:q
*i{*xps
*vffiepprmq
ffimupNmcrxN:q nwtpmxsqu
K$u effiffirlwx$*,l
Krrrvotcrwivou KoEn. Oo.qutcl ro enteyporn
ueprypaEovtcrrroo oro 33o reEooro rns yeo-
ypoEiog rou P1rnrv rv Oof, (Robin Lane Fox).
H Oon roro rng onoqng u o Af,ovpog nrov
vog on8rvg epcrorngKor uuoornprxrng rou e-
nvrro nveporog quro xo8' eouro xer eniong
roxupo eurxerpnporc.H oun rou oov crgopouoe)
4l
 7.0 A6{ovpog
e{oipeoerouq
Aoxeolpoviouq
onro enrvixlo
oqlepopoylo
14vixqorov ..i,' il
l,t

fpovlx.
8.0 noropdg
dnoure[{;04
4 oprivupqpy4
dntogeivor
ofpepo

roug Moxeveg lrorozepe pro oxn onoirrorov

pooThsKol Dloornprxrng rou el,nvrxo uoruopol)
of,,rr,r1roroxrov,
uopo evo ef,,euyevropvoel,nvrx
r<ornruv euruxng rov ro ouvdioOnpo.qur ouvur-
xorvcovrx orppo. Kareorpeqle pro ef,xouoo e-
nre ge notrxeg onoquoerg, nog, yro. nopoerypo,
nvrxn un, rn Onq, Kor or envrxguerg
rov cf,,o.ipeoeqn rnv xoroorpogn ro onirr nou ci-
nou ipuoe f,r,ron rnv noorrepn El.trou nrqv
xe znoer o flivapog, pvo nur on' o.ro pn 8pn-
neproorepoyro orpououxoE, orr<ovollxogxor
oreurrxq xdpro., roro rnv rcuo ro q),o ohKn xorq-
uonrxog oxonog, nopo yro uonrour<og.H
orpoEn rng On3og ro 335n.X; Al,o.rcrvor o rq-
<nqvenvro>nponoyovo, nou rxorooyooernv
oels epxowcv oe oyr<pouon,ev enrpenenor qu-
opxrKn rou eKorporeio. eyxoro.eiE8nr<e evreLdlg
rn n ru8eon Touyro rov envrx nol,molr n o-
ro 330 u.X. Eixe errel,oertov Koro8vn to 827
uorntore crvuoynroOeon,vo ureproxoer uor-
'
l.X. Ev oiyorgo Al,fovpog ptopei vo nrov n
uxv ouoEoeov. An rnv o).Ln, rpnoeog rn-
vo Unv nrov Envqg orov uo}mop neproorepo
povollo vo peye8uolrvo povro xor po1rc rou
on ro oorpcrnn Mou,oroorng Kcrpiog.
Envropou, x),npovoluo rnv onoio.o KoSoEng n-
H rrn pou onoqm ovurrpooonrer vq oulrro-
rcv [epn{pclvogvo.rrlro xor vo oyxorozer.
olro r<onou perof,, rov o nxpoir.tv Boeov. lh-
Eror oEo o.uKrnoerov eyxorng Aoiog ro 886
oreuo rpooo[rxo u o Aef,,ovpognrov Oeppge-
n.X., xo0uorepnoe elrEovg vo eEoppoer ornv
upof,n rnv <nponoyovooueeuBepcrrong> rou (Dr-
T(" f. fxp{epl&:cH effieurpie
xnlqXr.lpp*mxiwqinnou uou gpoouxo eixe uro0ernoer.H onEoon
rmq K&piwffimumxswm n&iffipiccxouq S*ffinmmoTou,roD nop8nxe prgro 334 n.X., vo ovorpqer
ng oryopxiegoug e.trnvrxgnergrng Aoiog xor
*Afre*esvpe vG Ksxr,,*treuvrouq ffifrmveq* vo rrs ovrrKoroornoerpe npoxporieg, ourovopio
xo.r onol,oyn on ro gpo uuorel,erog uou nn-
povov fiprv otnv llepoio, ev ovunpoooneer pro

42
 L Hopooerprou
lvrxo
Kouxrioou
r4vonoiorfpr1
o Meyoq
Al6[ovpog
xorepeinro
rqq
rnq
Ae[fvperoq
(10)
Apoyrooioq
oroo4lrsprvri
Kovroyprop
flonorv

f,oEvrrn peroorpoEn rou Aefovpou upog rn n- uelef,e vo ef,,orpoerroug Xnopuoreg ou tnv q-

"pbxporio, oo.pro roOopo.npoyUcrTrorrKnr<ivnon
yro vo ef,aoEqioerrnv oEooiroonroug oro perur-
oBev xo8g xrvovrov orpn mo ovororr<o.ev
eivor eoro ore r<crvrr evoc,rlrorcooe
ug oueeu-
8epr,l1rvegnerg orn Eulrlroxio rng KopivSou.
Ernv EEeoo, eniong, o no.krrg Epog uuor.Lercrg
npos rnv llepoio ev rqKunKe, q.Lo xareuSv-
Snxe upog rnv Aprepn. O Al,ef,ovpos, oov rous
Xnopuareg(opEr,rvope rov Hporo), novrore o-
nre peyolrepn of,,io ora upoyporo rov 8ev q-
u ro upoyporo rov Svnrv ov8purov.
o.roug Xnopuoreg elrEovg ev roug e-
xrrlrooe oo peprxog oougEnveg. uoornpif,ouv ro qorro Aecovi0a oug Oeppou.Leg
O norepcrgrou Oirnnog or<urlrcrev roug
eixe oulrneproer oro p.Ln rng oupgr-
xiog xovovrog pra oroorn cxrignon u qu-
r Eo onBoo ornv ef,,ooEoronrng otpooir,rong
o' qurv rorv ex8pv mg Euopmg orn Meoonvio,
rnv Aproio Kor rnv Apyoio. Mer rn lreyon,
oprororexvrxo.oxeroo1rvnxar exreeopevnUqxn
oro lpavrx norop ro 334 u.X., o Atrf,ovpoge-
ve.,.Lnvrqorxoyvero pe 6vrovo xcrr enuvo e1r-
Ecrvn rpuo. Eorereuioro ornv A8nvo 300 ucrvo-
u.h.iegontv r,rgeurvir<rooErprr4roornv A8nvq,
Kor rrs ouveuoe pe ro naporarco oErepoporrx
lrnvDucr:
O AAEavpog o ytog tou @tAinnou Kai ol
EAAnveE,
nAnv Aaxeatpovirov, arptpaoav ourcg otnv
A1nva.
<lllnv oreo4roviov), Uro evuuucoorcxnEpo-
on, rirrlgov oDoxerlorei pe rov optSp 300, [ol)
puopei vo Seclpn8eiog unqlrrcrxn ovnqropooroug
300 Euopuoreg nprrlegnou eixov eureyei yro vo u-
ro 480 u.X. -rav oe qvri8eon pe ro 334 u.X., or )
Xprpovo p rCIvNixoftcq Xnpow, n luppoxio
rnq Kop,v8ou nrsv *vsq (Koros'roKq
xsprnq ef,eueBinqKercuro&roiKnsnq)}

43
 EAAHNIKoTHTA

11.Topoxeovlxri
rnmx xoropfer
rougrvrrog
noeprxog
edqovreqoeplo
qovromlxf
ovroroprxli
elxovoyptirp4o4
yrorq pd14orov
Yonq.
12.A04voixri
rp4nxf nfro
yrorovErirppovo
14qIlxutirvog,
npdr4g
neonow4oroxlig
nd4gnou
oupp14oe per4v
A0{voperfr4v
evop{qrou
Aoproxo
no6pou

Xnopuoreg nopnoov po.zi pe roug oougELn_ pnoero O. I. Iouopnovx (F. W. Walbank) oe pro
veg evovriov rng flepoiog. Tpio n rooepo xpvro olrnpn ouzrunon tou lponporog mg envrrng
clpyorspo,o oorrogAynS I'rng Xuoprng emic,t_ e8vrxrnrog, o uepogourg ntov pro crn ug i-
f,,evo xover pra yevrxn ovrrlroxeovrr<n ef,yepon, yes fieprorooergrrou n enir<nonpro.gxorvng en-
oo eroLo xororponBnKe oe pro poxn xovro vrxng routrnrog Leloupynoe oS evo yvnoro peoov
orn Meyolon, ornv Apr<oio.To onoreopo ouvevoons r<or iootg, npoocriprvo,oS Urct ouore..e-
emeoioroeu on roug ueprooTepoug E),nveg opour<n notruxn Kor orpc[torlr<n vo1rn.Aurn n
n Xnoprn 8e<,rpovrov pro oxpn xerptepn npoo_ poprupio rng envrrng crvrrlroxeovrxngevrnrog
uuxh novenvrouxuepvnrn n opxnyo on' ,u eepver oro vou rnv crvogoporou Apprcvo, rou Ko-
or Moxeveg. trftepo rooorzpevouroroprxo rou Aef,ovpou,-
O Aefi,ovpog,rov nnpe rnv einon yro rn po._ u n ouyKpouonorn poxn ornv Ioo ro BBBn:X. e-
xn orn Meyol,uon, ovoEpgnxe o, ournv nepr_ urervcilBnr<e
ef,ouiog rou nqrou eOvrxo ovroyo-
EpovrurKo og <poxn rov novuxv>. H Epoon ou- vropo El,nvotv xor Mcrxevr,tv. lleproorepor
rn crrurxorooyeiror ov ovtruopoooqre rnv E).nvegno).pnoov e xoro rou Aef,,ovpou,o-
emxerpn8eioo ef,,eyeponun rov Ayn I. ro BB1n 830 o xor oe egug o).egpoxeg, tepro1rovo1rvng
'
n.X. U rnv no uro onpovuxn ef,,yeponroro rou Kor rns onoEoorouxng poxng oro fouyolrnl,o ro
Mqr<evoun rnv nyelrovio u,tv A0nvoir,tv ro B2B 331u.X., ort oougnoi,pnoov oro ueuprou.
n.X., uou eivor yvroorn r,rgAoluorg negog.Te_
rr<oxororponril8nxe xor ourn, q.Lon Agnvo r<q_
Lo vo ruuon),repo Ueoov yro vo
tcrEepevo upoexoer og oulrlroxoug Korrou 20 rro_
Urrer n envrr<rnrorou Aef,,ovpouoe
),ueieg (crougxol lerg), xor, notgxeruoporn_
ooor uoioro, vopizr,t, eivor n peern e-
vog on ro n-.covyonreuuxo Kol evrurlol-
S ,&ffiq*&ww&poq,
{yewxuq Xnmpwmreq, mvxx oroxo uornporo rou KooEn, <To rog200
mnd$t$e$iV6m{.,rpm
qie ffie mpcypex r.X.>. Apxrxo. eixe rov riro <llnv oxeorpo-
vir,rv>,orpoeixe ypoErei oe oncrvrnonourngrng e-
T{&}v&d}v $me r,rpe\f,,,&x{r
x&}v ffivmxei:ctvruurooroxhg ppoong rou Aef,,ovpourou unnpxe
oro o(plepopo npos rnv A0nvq Uero rn poxn rou
lpovrro. Kor' opxcrg,o KooEng Eoiveror vo

44

no.ipverro ppog rorv Enopucrv orn rvef,,n.Au-
r nou ovolrozrov <uovenvrq) o.noorol,n of,rze
vo Unv exer vo Euopuorn oorro emxeEolng;
<Aurn uro eivur n pro. ouoEn>, nver pe
ooEnvero.o KooEng. Ao orn ouvxerqerletrcto-
n vq ouveux rpnpo oro onoio pe txovrnro ex-
Epdzerrn onpooio rng nrrog rou <Eoepoorpo-
ro> rov llepov oro Apncr(louycrlrno), uro8e-
rei rnv orprtirEovriScrn onoryn.
Iloror eivqr quroi or conpcvrot, uo..ropoireg,
vorropvor Euopunreg, ovo.pouror, ouyxprvpevor
pe ro peyo.tro xopo rou euprepou E.Ltrnvropo
nou nrov xcrpugrng Soqroorng, Opro1reutrxng,o-
n8rvq uovenvrog ouooro..ngrou Aef,,ovpou
-rov xopo peoo orov onoio r<o.ro irog o Koogng
eixe yewn8ei;
Epeig ot AAe{avpeig (npornooer nurprctuno),
ot Avnoxeig, ot
EeAeuxeig,x' ot noAuapt?pot eniAonot EAn-
" veg
Atynrou xat Eupiag, x' ot ev Mnia, K' oi ev
Ilepoit, r<t oot qAot...
Al,o ev eivor pvo n enxrqon rou envrxo
r<opouxoro rnv envrouxn enoxn nou evroEe-
per rov KoSoEn n ouveyeiper rnv euroxrlrcoio
rou. Aur nou xer onpooio yr' ourv eivo.rro eiog
ro peraoef,ovprvo xopou uou nlnoupyn8n-
xe, evgxopou noD xopoKrnprzrqvqn Uro (eD-
13.E[rirpuo
uvoyew4oroxrig
6xoo4gr4g
rmopiogrou
Approvoyrorov
MeyoAe4ovpo.
14.flporop{rou
Mey6ou
Ae[vpouoe
po(ypovirn
(E4vopo1toixt5
Mouseio
AAe{vperoq)
rr<rnuo}trxn ouverngoox}npoong> nou reu-
xovOnxeuu rn rooon rng envrr<ngoS Kot-
vng y.l,riooog <nou peroEpope porpro Uexpr rn
Boxrpio(vn) Kor rrs lvicg>.
H Boxrpio onpepo eivor xovprxo. ro ouYxpovo
Arpyovrorov. To pnvulro rou Koogn yro uonr-
orrr<n o.Lonnpr,ron,nou o irog onooe rerxo
ornv euprepn envrr<rnrorou Meyof,,ovpou,
eivor xou uou of,izer m pern IroS Kor ro otoxct-
Eo- opouos.
Meroepoon:XpnorosXroBotog
'HMEICJ'H TOY EYf f PAOEO'
Erooo o ro-I,f,ergeni rou nopvrog Bporog, oe no}
1o(poperrKooxpoornpro ornv ASnvo xor oto PBu1rvo,
rov ro yeyovto otnv neproxn rroD orn ropodo
eivor yvtoorn <ogFYROM (Ilpdnv lrouyxooorxn
nlroxporia rng Moxeoviog) nrov on ro
ongovuKo Bpoto re8vog xor eOvrxo
evroEpowog. Tpo nou ro evroEepov yro tn
oDyxeKplp6r'n neproxn xer per,rSei nor, nopouoiooo
e truo ovoSeopnpm onoon rov rof,eov
ourv, ouvuuoprm eniong pe utrrx on gro on ug
roxrlKS rolterg UoD orous Eotnrg rou Krpnpnz
fiovo oro 86po toD pBou rou Aefi,ovpou Kor rng
ofioorons rou. xor on evo eyypoeo nou ouvetoeqepo
orov r<oro.Loyogrog x8eong oErepctpvngotov K.fI.
KoSoen nou yrve ro 2002 oro novemornpn rou Mioryxcrv,
Ann Arbor. EiUor eDl'vIrov otnv Aprelrn eown yro rnv
nopoyye.trio rou reeutoiou, Kor rrovo orr' oug oto Ei-Lo xor
ouvoelEo NiKo Mn4lyo^ro nou Ertrof,evei our ro opBpo. I
45
 3.Xtixur1
xegofrou
Hgororialvo,
orevrepou rpiou
rouAe{vpou.
4. Hrpovroonxf
ouvfvr4o4
rouMeytiou
Ae{fvpou
pe14Apo(dveg
movnoropd
0eppovro.
Erxovoyprirp4o4
ondro
uMu0lorpnlo
rouAe{tivpou"
(Eqvrx
lvorrroro
Beveriog).
5. Keqo{
Ae{6vpou oe
eeqowomov
E
(Mouoefo
Bepyfvog)vroneotoero xorpeuop pou. Mou eiue vcr nopo-
pepioot.Mn pou r<perg rov Hro. Tov Hro xe-
ror rrlgopxovro; xto po.uo rou w zvyiza rinore;
Exco ouveinon u eipor peyoonpcrypc,lv,peorg
oppng,pa yciog (r<orpnf; rr<eu8og),
of,rorog orn
poon oo xoveig.Ao ro nvo: Av ev npouv
A),ef,ovpog,0o npouv royvng,xr xonoro oo
rrpooolo. Krvopor perof, o oxpr,rv,rng orpog
uouupoypoovng r<orrng olooxepoug onpof, iog.
flounpoypcrlv n oupcrypctv. Meoog pog ev ei-
vor no.poexrg.

A*lrexmrmxxrummpx&J\r vr'epotov Hqmorialvo. Tougnvo (xor xouv

xetrr Affi*i*Qcw$pmxonpooio ourgor npooomxeg ef,o1rooynoerg,
oor xsl toroptKi,CItonoioreivorouroi r<o?eeyrbpat) n ev npner vo ropoooovroruc.lg
rou
m*u $Jx'ffiseffiftmuv
xm\flKXfecs{-r xor exeivog eivor Aef,,ovpog(ut^lgxqr o A-
f,ovpog eivor HEororir,rv). Kopro roEopo; Ef,o-
Iroioon; Moov tquon. Xrov HEororir,tvq u0)
Kcrrzo rov eourpou. Av qnoBover,Oq xneoo e-
pcluTov.
ev pou opeoern <peorng>,n oyounpvn f,,n
rou Aprororoug.Kor<gn yvrlrog po8nrng; fto erooivot ornv Aiyuuro. rpxolror on
pevo Eoiveror ev eivor nopoeNrro <prpov o- rnv Iouqio. Ko0g n zon pou eivar uo-
prorov) qq ro: oxpov o.prorov.Eipur unep rr,tvo- uripoqn, za Kor xopooourrnv eliyero
Kporrlov. Kqr ev eivor exon unBeonvo eioor qoon rng, qo cnrxorvrr_rvti_r
r<orpe co
<rinorc>. H zon eivor zon r<orpe rn peyoonpoy- ovcbteporbpata xor 8rovo eipor o-
poouvn nproupyeircrro npolg. Me rnv orrpoylro- rou8ogov xr olrorponezog0edlv.Evrogpopor
ouvn; O avSnpag (apoio ver<onnf,,n). yrq uS 8etnreg xq8e r[ou. Ern OernrqouUrru-
O ovSnprog,norgior,rgBo eif,er xouorog ruo.- t<vverqt t<ot ouvtautvizetat n uveuporrr<rnro
vroxog poporoupyg,ev orepeiror nporogou. rt-rvOdv.
Iorogxerro xopKrnprotrx rou npoog on rnv o- Kou or<ootnopoof,o yxr ro 8e totv Epo.icov.
vonon. Mou eivor oxoro).nnrog. Ao Eoiveror rcxupE
Xuvqvr rnv orKoyeverqrou opeiou, pnrpo xor ror xorr pou eru plopei vcr Eovei o ov8exux-
ollzuyo, rroDxouv orxlroonroOei.Ilpooxuvov a_ repogBegrng roropiog.Tov npootepv progr-

48
 6.0 Ae{ovpog
H uporeouoo rou xporoug eivnr xrvnrn, nurg o mqvoppeuxf
Al,ef,ovpog.Ko0e ovrippnon, to avrcnd% eivqr nop0o4.
ouvr.lpooio.O Ko.l,ro8vng 8n Sovorr,r8ei. Avoyurpo
nourov
Enrrcixrope Legpou ug uvolrergrnv xoroxrnon noprorfver
oe
rou ro1rour<orrnv r<o-.n
rou opBpoon. Apopior<orcr 6pponouopouv
rng noneiog,nog opBpveror,Kor tppovrizo yro oypneg
rnv rrpooorrlKn pou ooxnpoon, our rou or
Envegovolrozouvopernv (non evoppr,ron).
flupoor,rvorn Bouvo. rori roroppeo; Me
OrEeroo o 0ovorog rou HEnroriovos; Mnuos
r<ouorouoef,,rxvioorouor po r^ioeo IMog, o

rt oncrnei npooxvnow xor ey poLov npooKu-

vouUcrrno.poupooxuv. Mmm**qrmrxss Affi*mw&pmq
{we!
O Iloplreviov, o crpxlerlreo.pxng,pou ouvroro &mprrxmpoulme
ex,&f?mex vmwe\fx&e
vo ex8cilug uporooerg(ug reeuro.ieg) rou o.pei-
ou. flpououv ouvropf,,n. vouv ro eoErx Keviqmmmffi
m,x'vLlglep&cxrmm
ffimffi'*m;
r<ornoterqx znrnlro ooer rng rornrog. Eivo.r
eeooux9, oIo yro rov lkrppevic,rvo.. Kor ey
ev eilror ore Bo yivro llcrppeviorv. Oxr pvov ou-
r. O lloppevicov pe tnv orxoyevero rou Kclr ,u er<- oe}Eg rou Kooovpou (nuroi or Avuuqrpiqr);
npooconeiupner vo onoer. Tr Bc yiver Ue rov Mnuog euernpou opvn8nxov rn Seouoinon;Kor
Ko.L,ro8vn;Me roropei. Kol pe ex8erqzer.Ao progrnv r,:oovorov Aocrvpo.H8e.l,o.vo Uou o-
eivor uoppnoroorng.fonreuer rougvoug.Kor nioo voyvr,rprooein opern uou onoKoror pe pupioug o-
qn' ourv eivqr o Seiogrou o Aprororng, poov yveg. Kor vq rnv ulrvnoer xouorog norrnng (uog
r,o iu1ro Avduarpog-Aprororng.lleBoivro yro o Ognpog rov Axr-hJtn,eoro norgo Xorpilog rov
f,o, eipot vrag tptAortltratog, oo r<oveig.O rloovpo).
Ko.,ro8vng ouvreeiorn f,o pou, oo xouxo- Kor poSo.ivr,ru o Aprororng yiveror uornrnE
rot rt of,ozolrorr'Edutou. tng opetng (rorntng pvov evgnorovog) Kcu o' ctu-
Kor eivo.r nveuirpeuro ev ei1re8o.ev er<orporeio rv rov norovo. Opovrozer r<ovro oroug Hpox.l,h,
vo qxoovror greeOepeg (pc)veg.O orporg ev Axro, Arooxopor4 xm Aiowo, xr elrevo, ol,-
eivqr o8nvoixn ayopa. q rov... Eppeio. Aur eivqr ro Aprororerove-
Or EuLegevvovror yuprrr ou ro upooon pou, trog.H riorg yro rov Koro0vn.Aur pe Sovor-
egor roEopgr,rxprov,ru uunpxer to evov. vel Kcrl pororo ev o8ulrio. Aur eivo.rro TEOX. I

49
Bairan a.,
Myag A)favpq', Iltro,
A0nvu 1996
-Anynotg rou Agdvfinq eurlr.
David Holton, 'ex., Mopqr,mx
IpuUoE8vrxng Tponzng, ABnvo.
2002
DunrNcr.,
O Aptaong, nagnwiaon xat
eppnveia mg oxtyng tou,2 Lopor,
Mopqrr,nrxIpupo E8vrxng
Tponzng, A8nvq l99I/ lg94
HelrlroNo N..
Myag Ae{av1ng, vag
fitogung, ex. Mol,rapng-
lloreiq, OeooqoviKn1986
Zenoxeur:ar
x.,
MyagA{avpog,o rynpottoS
rcrsInoo,Eorio,A8nvo 1998
Aonar x.,
Mta gqn omv Oqtnia,
Ouooog,A0nvo 1990
KezaNrzaKHr N.,
Myag Ae{avpog, en4r. f.
horpolrovrrrtror<ng,ex.
Kozovrzcxn, A8nvo 1996
Karuano;1.,
M6yag AEavpog o
Kamxmaig, ex.
Kupolrovog,ABnvq 1995
Aerxaperor r.,
A).efav6pog o Myag,
Ario verc1nq
nt p iotop txg ngntdo etg
ytaw Bao.a mtv
Maxe8vav, Avoorouxg
exoerg,A8nvo 1990
MaualaxH 2.,
A),t$avpog, n rceutaia
e{oytoAynan, kor<g,
A8nvo 2000
MaNpnntr v.M.,
MyagAe{av1ng,:.r,1t. N O Lexander of Macedon,ovivo
Ttogtou oveipou,rp. B' .EI
Altpog rouAppava,rp. l lt
ntrnra rcu xqtors, ex.Arovng,
ASnvq 1997
MnrrexHr x.,
<rnynorg uepi rou Aefi,ovpou
Kor rov peyoolv nopr,tv>,
Byz antin is ch-Neeugriechis che
Jalrbucher, 20 (1968),a. 228-802
Mossnc..
A$avpog, rc nenlxtltvo evg
prsflou, ex. llouonpo.g, A8nvo
1998
flazrnHr e.,
H guMda rcu Meyag,awpou,
A0nvu 1935
BarmN n.,
<Alexander the Great and the
Unity of Mankind>, Historia, T
(1958),o.425-444
BunNa.n.,
Alexander the Great and the
Hellenistic Empire, ovivo1962
GnepN p.,
r973
Gnrpprmrc. r.,
errp., Alexander the Great: TIrc
Main Problems, Aovivo1966
Hanru,roN"t.R..
Alexander the Great, Aovivo
t974
Hauuoxo N.G.L.,
Alexander the Great: King,
Commanderand Statesman.
ovivo1980
PpaRsour-.,
The Lost Histories of Alexander
the Great, Aovivo1960
Renpr c..
Alexandre Ie Grand,Ilopior 1981
TenN w.w..
Alexander the Great,2 rpor,
ovivo1948
War,r,rs BUDGEE.A.,
The History of Alexander the
Great being the SWiac Version
of the Pseudo-
Callisthenes, Kpnpnz
1889,The Life and
Exploits of Alexander
the Great being a series
of Ethiopie texts,2
rpor, ovivo 1896
Wor,oHo.laM A.M.,
TTteRomance of
Alexander the Great by
Pseudo-Callisthenes
tanslated from the
Atntenian version with
an Intoducfion, No
Yprn 1969

0 Mdyoq
Ad[ovpog
ev Enroyri
elxovoypoglxo
pnopooe
vop4vepe0ioer urxo-rexp4piooq:
14qowooio
xorrouoixo APT.IUAPOMHAITKO>
(oypdrpou
0edgrou