SUSPENSION AND STEERING TERMINOLOGIES

1. Bump Bump is upward displacement of a wheel relative to the car body. It is also
known as compression or jounce.
2. Droop Droop is negative bump, rebound or extension.
3. Heave Heave is a vertical upward motion of the body without pitch or roll. It is
sometimes also known as bounce.
4. Pitch It is the angle of the body in rotation about a transverse axis (i.e. nose up and
nose down), and is associated with braking and acceleration transients and response to
road roughness.
5. Roll Body roll is rotation about the body longitudinal axis, arising from cornering
activity and road roughness. In both SAE and ISO systems, the longitudinal axis is
forwards, so roll angle is positive for rotations clockwise seen from the rear, i.e. body
down on the right hand side, as in a left-hand turn. It is geometrically equivalent to
bump of one wheel and droop of the opposite one, relative to the body.
6. Spring jacking In general, in the rolled position the spring stiffnesses on the two
sides are different, usually greater on the lower side, so there is some heave of the
body in consequence of roll. This is spring jacking.
7. Ride Height It is the position of the body (sprung mass) above the basic ground
level datum plane.
8.