Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Depreciation
Depreciation
Is the decrease in the value of physical property with the passage of time
o VALUE
In a commercial sense, is the present worth of all future profits that are to
be received through ownership of a particular property
a. MARKET VALUE
Is the amount which a willing buyer will pay to a willing seller for the
property where each has equal advantage and is under no
compulsion to buy or sell
b. USE VALUE
What the property is worth to the owner as an operating unit
c. FAIR VALUE
The value which is usually determined by a disinterested third party
in order to establish a price that is fair to both seller and buyer
d. BOOK VALUE
Sometimes called depreciated book value
The worth of a property as shown on the accounting records of an
enterprise
e. SALVAGE VALUE
Also called resale value
The price that can be obtained from the sale of the property after it
has been used
Salvage year is the time when the scrap value is equal to the book
value
f. SCRAP VALUE
The amount of the property would sell for if disposed off as a junk
o PURPOSES OF DEPRECIATION
1. To provide for the recovery of capital which has been invested in physical
property
2. To enable the cost of depreciate to be charged to the cost of producing
products or services that results from the use of the property.
o TYPES OF DEPRECIATION
1. Normal depreciation
a. Physical
Is due to the lessening of the physical ability of a property to
produce results
Common causes are wear and deterioration
b. Functional
Due to the lessening in the demand for the function which the
property was designed to render
Common causes are inadequacy, changes in styles, saturation of
markets or more efficient machines are produced
3. Depletion
Refers to the decrease in the value of a property due to the gradual
extraction of its contents.
o PHYSICAL LIFE
The length of time during which it is capable of performing the function for
which it was designed and manufactured
o ECONOMIC LIFE
The length of time during which the property may be operated at a profit
1. It should be simple
2. It should recover capital
3. The book value will be reasonably close to the market value at any time
4. The method should be accepted by the Bureau of Internal Revenue
o DEPRECIATION METHODS
We shall use of the following symbols for the different depreciation methods
CO C L n(C OC L )
d= D n= Cn =CO Dn
L L
Example:
a. An electronic balance costs P90,000 and has an estimated salvage value
of P8,000 at the end of its 10 years lifetime. What would be the book value
after three years, using straight line method in solving for the
depreciation?
Ans. P65,400
CO C L F
d=
F
,i , L
Dn=d
A ( )
,i ,n Cn =CO D n
A
Example:
A firm bought an equipment fee for P56,000. Other expenses including
installation amounted to P4,000. The equipment is expected to have a life of 16
years with a salvage value of 10% of the original cost. Determine the book value at
the end of 12 years by straight line methods and sinking fund methods at 12%
interest.
Ans: P19,500;P29,520
1k
1k
d n=C o
1k
C L =C o
Example:
A certain type of machine loses 10% of its value each year. The machine
costs P2,000 originally. Make out a schedule showing the yearly depreciation, the
total depreciation and the book value at the end of each year for 3 years.
Ans:
initial ending
book book
yr value depreciation total dep value
1 2,000 200 200 1,800
2 1800 180 380 1620
3 1620 162 542 1458
c. A machine worth 800,000 is brought from china, freight charges amount
to 200,000. If the scrap value of the machine is 50,000 that occurs at the
end of 17 years. (a) compute the depreciation at the end of the year11 (b)
Compute the book value at the end of 11 years .
Example:
Determine the rate of depreciation, the total depreciation up to end of the
8th year and the book value at the end of 8 years for an asset that costs P15,000
new and has an estimated scrap value of P2,000 at the end of 10 years by double
declining balance method.
Ans: 20%, P12, 483
Example:
A structure costs P12,000 new. It is estimated to have a new life of 5 years
with a salvage value at the end of life of P1,000. Determine the book value at the
end of each year of life.
Ans: P8,333 ; P5,400; P 3,200; P 1,733; P 1,000
f. SERVICE-OUTPUT METHOD
This method assumes that the total depreciation that has taken
place is directly proportional to the quantity of output of the
property up to that time.
Has the advantage of making the unit cost depreciation constant
and giving low depreciation expense during periods of low
production.
Example:
A Television Company purchased machinery for P100,000 on July 1,
1979. It is estimated that it will have a useful life of 10 years; scrap value of P4,000,
production of P400,000 units and working hours of P120,000. The company uses
the machinery for 14,000 hours in 1979 and 18,000 hours in 1980. The machinery
produces 36,000 in 1979 and 44,000 units in 1980. Compute the depreciation in
1980 using service-output method.
Ans: P10,560
an electric bulb bought for 100 is guaranteed to be useful for 50 hours, the certain
company uses the said bulb 10 hrs a day. If there is no scrap value, compute for the
daily depreciation . determine the book value on the 4 th day.
d=20/a day