...........................................................................

I. ............................................................................ 4

1.
............................................................... 4

2. .................................... 5

3. ........................................... 5

4.

.................................... 5

5. ........................................... 5

................................................... 16

I. ........................................................................... 16

1. ................................................................. 16

2.
.............................................................. 20

II. ............................................................................... 22

...................................................................................... 30

I. .......................................................................... 30

II. ................................................................................ 31

1
 ............................................................................................ 40

I. ........................................................................... 40

1. ................................................................................. 40

2..................................................................................... 41

3. ................................................................................ 42

II. ................................................................................ 43

...................................................................... 53

I. ........................................................................... 53

II. ................................................................................ 53

.................................................................. 58

I. ........................................................................... 58

2.

2............................. 59

II. ................................................................................ 60

............................................................................................ 64

I. ........................................................................... 64

II. ................................................................................ 65

................................. 71

I. ........................................................................... 71

2
II. ................................................................................ 72

I .
1.

lim f x L0 L0
x a L 0 0

lim g x M 0
x a 0 0

lim f x g x
x a L M 0 ?

lim f x .g x
x a L.M 0 ? 0

f x L
lim 0 0 ? ? ? ?
x a g x M
0

: : ; 0 ; ;
0

4
2.

1
lim x n ; lim x ; lim 0
x x x xn

1
lim
x 0 xn
x0

1
lim
x 0 xn
x0

1
lim
x 0 xn
x 0

3.
sin x 1 cos x
lim 1 ; lim 0
x 0 x x 0 x

4.
ex
lim e
x
; lim e 0x
; lim
x x x x

ex xn
n 0 lim lim 0
x xn x e x

5.
lnx
lim lnx ; lim lnx ; lim 0 ; lim xlnx 0
x x 0 x x x 0

lnx
n 0 lim 0 ; lim x n lnx 0
x x n x 0

5
II.
2 x2 x 3
1. f x ; lim f x
x2 1 x

1 3
x 2 2 2 2 1 32
2x x 32

x x
a. x 0 ; f x x x
x 1
2
2 1
1 2
1
x 1 2
x x
1 1
b. lim 0 ; lim 2 0
x x x x

1 3 1
lim 2 2 lim 1 1
x
x x2 x
x2

lim f x 2
x

1 x
2. f x
1 x
2

lim f x ; lim f x ; lim f x

x x x 1

1
x 1
1 x 1 x x
. lim f x lim lim lim
1 x x 1 2 x x 2 1
x x 2 2 x
x 2 1 2
x x

1
lim 0
x
x

1
x 1
1 x 1 x x
. lim f x lim lim lim
1 x x 1 2 x x 2 1
x x 2 2 x
x 2 1 2
x x

1
lim 0
x
x

6
 1 x
. lim f x lim
1 x
x 1 x 1 2

lim 1 x 2 lim 1 x 0
2

x 1 x 1

1 x 0 x0
2

lim f x
x 1

3. :

x 1 x2 2 1 x 1 x
. lim ; . lim ; . lim
x 1 x 1 x 2 x3 8 x 0 sin x

. lim
x 1
lim
x 1 x 1 lim x 1 lim 1

1
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
x 1 x 1 x 1 2

x2 2
. lim
x 2 x3 8
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b2

x 3 8 x 2 x 2 2 x 4
f x
x2 2

x2 2 x22
x3 8 x 2 x 2 2 x 4 x 2 2
x 24

x 2 x 2
2 x 4 x22
x2

x 2 x 2
2 x 4 x22
1

x 2
2 x 4 x22
x2 2 1 1
lim lim
x 2 x 8
3 x 2
x 2 x 4
2
x22 48

7
 1 x 1 x
. lim
x 0 sinx

f x
1 x 1 x

1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x
sin x sin x 1 x 1 x
2x

sin x 1 x 1 x
x 2

sin x 1 x 1 x

x 2
lim f x lim
x 0 x 0 sin x

1 x 1 x

x 2 sin x x
lim lim ; lim lim 1
x 0 sin x x 0

1 x 1 x x 0 x x 0 sin x

4. lim
x
4 x2 1 x2 1
lim
x
4 x 2 1 ; lim
x

x 2 1

x x 1

1 1
4 x2 1 x2 4 2 x 4 2
x x
1
x 1 ; x x 4 x2 1 x 4
x2
1 1 1
x 2 1 x 2 1 2 x 1 2 x 1 2
x x x
1 1
f x 4 x2 1 x2 1 x 4 2
x 1 2
x x
1 1
x 4 2 1 2
x x

8
 1 1
lim x lim 4 2 1 2 2 1 1
x x x x

lim f x
x

1 f
5. \ 1; 1

3x 1
f x
x2 1
. lim 3 x 1 4 ; lim
x 1 x 1
x 1 0
2

. x 2 1

. lim x 2 1 0 lim x 2 1 0
x 1 x 1
x 1 x 1

lim f x lim f x
x 1 x 1
x 1 x 1

6.

sin 5 x
. lim X 5x
x 0 5 x

sin X
lim 1
X 0 X
sin 5 x
lim 1
x 0 5 x

2sin x 2sin x
. lim 4
lim 4
x

x


4 x 4 x
4 4

X x ; x X 0
4 4

9

2sin x
lim 4
2 lim
sin X
2 1 2
x

X 0 X
4 x
4

. lim
2sin 5 x
lim
2sin 5 x 5 x 5
x 0 5 x 5 x 0 5 x 5 5 x 5

lim
2sin 5 x 5 x 5
x 0 x

lim(10
x0
sin 5 x
5x
) lim
x 0
5 x 5
10 2 5 20 5

3 cosx sinx
. lim

x
3 x
3

3 1
3 cosx sinx 2 cosx sinx
2 2

2 sin cosx cos sinx
3 3

2sin x 2sin x
3 3

sin x
3 cosx sinx 3
lim lim 2

x

x
x x
3
3 3
3

X x ;x X 0
3 3

3 cosx sinx sinX sinX

lim lim 2 2lim 2
x X 0
X X 0 X
3 x
3

10
7.

cos 2 x 1
. lim X 2 x
x 0 2x

cosX 1 1 cosX 1 cosX

lim lim lim 0
X 0 X X 0 X X 0 X

cos x 1
. lim 2
x


2 x
2

X x ; x X 0
2 2

cos x 1
2 cosX 1 1 cosX
lim lim lim 0
x

X 0 X X 0 X
2 x
2

. lim
cos 2 x 1
lim
cosx 1 cosx 1
x 0 x cosx 1 x 0 x cosx 1

cosx 1 0 cosx 1 x 2k, k

lim
cos 2 x 1
lim
cosx 1 lim 1 cosx 0
x 0 x cosx 1 x 0 x x 0 x

8.

a. lim
x
x 2
lnx b. lim
x
x 2
lnx

lnx
3
lnx
c. lim d. lim
x 0
x x x2

11


a. f x x 2 lnx

lim x 2 lim x
x x

lim f x
x

b. f x x 2 lnx

lim x 2
x
lim
x
lnx

lnx
f x x 2 lnx x 2 1 2
x

lnx
lim
x
x 2
lnx lim x 2 . lim 1 2
x x
x

lnx
1 lix
m 0

x 2

lnx
c. f x 0,
x
1 1
lim f x lim f x lim lnx lim lnx lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x x 0 x 0 x

(lnx )3
d. f x 0,
x2
lim (lnx )3 lim x 2
x x

3 2
x X 2 X = x 3

lim X
x

12
 3
3
3
lnX 3 3
(lnX ) 2 3
2 3 lnX
f x
2 X
2
32 X3
X

3 3
2 lnX
lim f x lim
x
X
X 3

lnX
lim 0
X X

lim f x 0
x

9.

lim e x x 1
ex
a. b. lim
x x x 2

e x e x e x 1
c. lim d. lim
x 0 x x x

a. f x e x x 1
lim e x
x
; lim
x
x 1

x 1
f x e x x 1 e x 1 x x
e e
x 1
lim f x lim e x 1 x x
x x
e e
x 1
lim e x lim 1 x x
x x
e e
x 1
lim x 0 ; lim x 0
x e x e

x 1
lim 1 x x 1 ; lim e x
x
e e x

lim f x
x

13
 ex
b. lim
x x2
ex 1
f x 2 e 2
x

x x
1
lim e x 0 lim 0
x x x2
lim f x 0
x

e x e x
c. f x
x
e x e x 1
lim f x lim lim(e x e x ) lim
x 0 x 0 x x 0 x 0 x

1
lim(e x e x ) 2 lim

x 0 x 0 x
x 0

lim f x
x 0
x 0

1
lim(e x e x ) 2 lxim0
x 0 x
x 0

lim f x
x 0
x 0

e x 1 e x 1
d. f x
x x x
ex 1
lim f x lim lim
x x x x
x

ex 1
lim lim 0
x x x
x

lim f x
x

14
15


I .

1.
a.

16


: ,

- ,

- ,

17
b.

( )

18
 ( )

C.

19
2.
a.

| |

20
b.

21


II .
1. :

. .

. .

22


( ) ( )

( )
( ) ( )( )

( )( ) ( )

2. :

. .

. .

( )

. ( )

[ ( )]

( )

. ( ) [ ( )]

( )

23
 .

3.

. .

. .

.
( )

( )

4.

( )

( )

24
 ( )

5.

( )

6.

. .

. .

. .

25
 .

7.

8. :

. .

26

( )

9. :

. .

. .

| |

| |

| |

| |

27


10.

. .

28
29

I .
-

| |

-
| | | | | |

-
| | | | | |

| |
| | | | | | | |
| |

30

:

(
)(Moivre)

II .
1.

. .

31
 .

( ) ( )

( )

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )

( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )

( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( )( ) ( )

( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )( )

( ) ( )

2.

. .

. .

( )( )
.

( )( )

32
 .

3.

. .

. .

( )

( )

( )

33
 .

( )

( )

( ) ( )

(
) ( )

4.

34


( )

( )

( )

( )

5. .

. a.

b.
( )

35


( ) ( ) ( )

.a.

; | |

( )

| |

( )

b. ( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( ) |( ) |

36
6.

( ) ( )

( )

7. .

37


8.

( )( )

( )( )

( )( )

9.

( )

38
 ( )

{ {

( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

( )

39


I .
1.
.

p 0

0, 0 p, 0 x p y 2 4 px x 0

p 0
x 0

p 0

0, 0 0, p y p x 2 4 py y 0

p 0
y 0

40
 .

h p, k
y k
2
4 p x h p 0
h, k x h p

x 0

p 0
x 0

h, k p x h
2
4p y k p 0
h, k ykp

y 0

p 0
x 0

2.
.

x2 y 2
1
a 2 b2
0, 0 c, 0 a, 0
a b 0


c 2 a 2 b2
x2 y 2
1
b2 a 2
0, 0 0, c 0, a
a b 0

c 2 a 2 b2

41
 .

x h y k
2 2

1
h, k h c, k h a, k
a2 b2
a b 0

c 2 a 2 b2
x h y k
2 2

1
h, k h, k c h, k a
b2 a2
a b 0

c 2 a 2 b2

3.
.

0, 0 c, 0 a, 0 x2 y 2 y
b
x
1 a

a 2 b2
c, 0 a, 0 b
y x
c 2 a 2 b2 a

0, 0 0, c 0, a y 2 x2 y
a
x
1 b
a 2 b2
0, c 0, a a
y x
c 2 a 2 b2 b

42
 .

h c, k h a, k
x h y k b
2 2

1
yk x h
a
h, k a2 b2

h c, k h a, k c 2 a 2 b2
b
yk x h
a

h, k c h, k a
y k x h a
2 2

1
yk x h
b
h, k a2 b2

h, k c h, k a c 2 a 2 b2
a
yk x h
b

II.
1.

F 0, 1

y 1

0,1

43
 x 2 4 py ,

F 0, p F 0, 1 p 1 x 2 4 y

2, 1 ; 2, 1

2. O 0, 0 F

. A 8,8

. x1 B x1 , 4

. O 0, 0

y 2 4 px , A 8,8

82 4 p 8 p 2

y 2 8 x , F : p, 0 2, 0

. x1

B x1 , 4 y 2 8x1 4 8x1 x1 2
2

44
 3. 2,1 4,1

y k 4 p x h
2

V : h, k 2,1 h 2, k 1

F : h p, k 4,1 h p 4

p2

y 1 8 x 2
2

x h p 0

4.

x 1 4 y 3
2

: x h 4 p y k h, k p
2

h, k y k p

x 1 4 y 3 h 1, k 3, p 1
2

45


h, k 1, 3

h, k p 1, 4

y k p 3 1 2

5. 1, 0

2, 0 2, 0

2, 0 2, 0

O 0, 0

a,0 2,0 a 2
c,0 1,0 c 1

46
 c 2 a 2 b2 b2 a 2 c 2 4 1 3

x2 y 2 x2 y 2
1 1
a 2 b2 4 3

6. 36 x 2 4 y 2 36

. ,,

.
36

36 x 2 4 y 2 x2 y 2 x2 y 2
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 , a b 0
36 36 1 3 b a

a 3 b 1 2a 2 3 6

2b 2 1 2 . 36 x 2 4 y 2 36

0,3 0, 3

c2 a 2 b2 32 12 8

c2 2,

0,2 2
47
 0, 2 2
7. 3, 2 5, 2

x h y k
2 2

1
a2 b2

5 3 22
h ,k h 1, k 2
2 2

5 3 2 2
2 2
2a 82 8

2b 4 b 2

x 1 y 2 x 1 y 2
2 2 2 2

1 1
42 22 16 4

8. x 2 4 y 2 16

48
 .

. x 2 4 y 2 16
16

x2 4 y 2 x2 y 2
1 2 2 1
16 16 4 2

a 4, b 2

4,0 4,0

c2 a 2 b2 16 4 20 c 20 2 5

2 5,0 2 5,0
.

x y x
b b
y
a a

y x y x
1 1
2 2

49
9. 16 y 2 4 x 2 36

.
16 y 2 4 x 2 36 36

16 y 2 4 x 2 4 y 2 x2 y2 x2
1 1 2
2
1
36 36 9 9 3 3

2

y 2 x2
2 2 1
a b

3 3
a , b 3 0,
3
0,
2 2 2
2
3 9 45 9
c a b 32 9
2 2 2
5
2 4 4 4

3 3 3
c 5 0, 5 0, 5
2 2 2

3
.
a 1 1
y x 2 x x y x
b 3 2 2

3
a 1 1
y x 2 x x y x
b 3 2 2

50
.

51
52


I.
f F I a b I

f x dx F x F b F a
b b
a
a

f x dx 0
a

a

f I a b I

f x dx f x
b a

a b

f I a, b, c I ( a b c)

f x dx f x dx f x dx
b c c
a b a

f g I a, b I

a f x g x dx a f x dx a g x dx
b b b

f x dx f x dx
b b
a a

f g I I a, b I

f x g ' x dx f x g x a f ' x g x dx
b b

b

a a

II.

1.

x 1 dx
1
. . .
3 1 1 2 1
dx dt
0 2 x4 1 t2

1
x4 1
.
1 5
x 1 dx 3
x 1
0
4 0 4 4

53
 1
.
1 1 1 1 1 7
dx 3
3x 2 3 24 24
2 4
x

2
.
2 1 1 1 1
dt 2 1
t 1
2
1 t 2 2

2.

1 1
2e dx
4
. . dt .
e1 x
du
2 0
u 1 t

4 1 4
. du 2 u 4 2 2
2
u 2

.
1
dt ln t 1 1
e e
1 t

2e x dx 2e x 2 e 1
1

1
.
0 0

3.

2x 1
5
. I x 2 2 x 3 dx . I
3
dx
1 1 x x 1
2

2 3
xe x dx
3
. I . I
2
dx
2
x 3

5
1
. I
5
x 2 x 3 dx x3 x 2 3x
2
1
3 1

125 1 160
25 15 1 3
3 3 3
2x 1
. I u x x x 1 u x 2 x 1
3 2 '
dx
1 x x 1
2

u' x
I dx ln | u x |1 ln | x 2 x 1|
3 3 3

1 u x 1

54

3
ln x 2 x 1 ( x 2 x 1 0 x )
1

13
I ln13 ln 3 ln
3

2

3 3
. I dx 4 x 4 3 2
2
x 2

3
. I xe dx e x e9 e9 0
1 2
3 1
x2 1
3
2 3 2 2

x 1
4. . a, b f x
b
a
x2 x2

f x dx
2
. I
1

x 1 ax 2a b
.
b
a
x2 x2 x2

a 1 a 1

2a b 1 b 1

1
f x 1
x2

2 1
I f x dx 1
2
. dx
1 1
x2
dx
x 1 ln | x 2 |1
2 2
dx
2 2
1 1 x2

1 2ln 2 ln 3 1 2ln 2 ln 3

x2 a b
5.. a, b f x
x 1 x 1 x 12
2

I f x dx
0
.
1

55


x2 a b a x 1 b ax a b
f x
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
2 2 2 2

a 1 a 1

a b 2 b 1
1 1
f x
x 1 x 12

.
1 1
I f x dx
0 0 0
dx dx
1 x 1
x 1
1 1 2

1
0

ln | x 1|1
0

x 1 1

1
0
1 1
ln 1 x 1
0
ln1 ln 2 1 ln 2
x 1 1 2 2

6. f ] ,1[

x 1
2
f x e x 1
x 1
2

x 1
. v ] ,1[ v x e x 1
v' x

. f ] ,1[

. 0 1 ; g f x dx

. g 1

. v' x
x 1 x 1
1 x 1 1 x 1
v x e x 1 v ' x e x 1
x 1
2

56
 x 1 x 1
x 1 x 1 2
v' x e x 1 e x 1
x 1 x 1
2 2

. f ] ,1[

x 1
v ' x e x 1 f x f x v x
2 '

x 1
2

v x f x ] ,1[ v x f x
'

. ]o,1[ g f x dx v x

g v [v ] v v

1 1 1 1
g e 1
e 1
e 1
e 1

1 1

. lim g lim e 1 e 1
1 1

1
1 0
. lim 0 lim e 1 lim e X e0 1
1 1 2 1 X 0

1
. lim 1 2 lim 1 0 lim
1 1 1 1
1 1
1
lim e 1 lim e X 0
1 X

1 1
. lim g lim e 1 e 1 1 0 1
1 1

lim g 1
1

57

I.

1.
1

:
1

( 2

) y ' ay 0 ( a )

y Ae ax A

y ay p x , p x 0 :
'

- y ' ay 0 yc

- y ay p x y p
'

- y ay p x y : y yc y p
'

: y ay p x ( E ), p x 0
'

- y ' ay 0 y Ae ax ( A
)

-
y Ae ax A A x
- y A x e y ' y y ' y ay p x
ax '

A x :

y A x e ax
y ' A x e ax aA x e ax
E : A' x eax aA x eax aA x eax p x
A' x e ax p x
A' x e ax p x
A x e ax p x dx c

58
 y e ax eax p x dx c

E y ce ax e ax eax p x dx

yc ce ax y p e ax eax p x dx

2.
2

:
2

ay" by ' cy 0 a, b, c

a 0

-
2 y" by ' cy 0

y ' y y ' y 0
'

2 b c 0
- 2 b c 0 y" by ' cy 0

- 2 b c 0 y" by ' cy 0

- 2 1 2

y" by ' cy 0 y Ae x Be x A B

- y1 e x , y2 e x

59
 : 2 b c 0

y" by ' cy 0 1 2

y Axe x Be x A B

y1 xe x y2 e x

: 2 b c 0 y" by ' cy 0

1 i 2 i

y e
x
C cos x D sin x C
D

y" by ' cy p x , p x 0

- y p
y" by ' cy p x y p 2 p x
- yc
2

y" by ' cy 0

-
2

yc y p y yc y p

II.

1. y ' y 0

y 0 1 ; y 0 1 ; y 2 e
2

60


dy
y ' y 0
dy
y dx
dx y

ln x x c y Ae x ( A )

y Ae x y ' y 0

- y 0 1 Ae 1 A 1
0

y e x y ' y 0 y 0 1
- y 0 1 Ae 1
A 1
0

y e x y ' y 0
y 0 1
- y 2 e Ae e A 1
2 2 2

y e x y ' y 0
y 2 e2

y 2 e
2. y ' 2 y 0
2

y ' 2 y 0 y ' 2 y
dy
2y
dx

dy
2dx ln y 2 x c
y

y Ae2 x ( A )

y ' 2 y 0 y 2 e2 Ae22 e2 A e2

y e2 e2 x e 2 x2 y ' 2 y 0

y 2 e2

3. y ' 2 y 2 x 3 E

- y ' 2 y 0 y ' 2 y

61
 dy
dy
2 y 2dx
dx y
ln x 2 x c yc Ae2x A e c

- E y p ax b , y 'p a
E y 'p 2 y p 2 x 3
a 2 ax b 2 x 3

2ax a 2b 2x 3
2a 2 a 1

a 2b 3 b 1
yp x 1
- E y yc y p Ae
2 x
x 1

4. y" 3 y ' 4 y 0 E
E

0,1

9

- E : y 3 y 4 y 0
" '

E 2 3 4 0

1 1, 2 4
E y Ae x Be4 x A B

- y Ae x Be4 x

x 0, y 1

1 Ae0 Be0 A B 1
x 0, y 1 9 y ' Ae x 4Be4 x

x 0 A 4B 9

62
A B 1

A 4 B 9
5 B 10
B 2 A 1
y e x 2e4 x E

x 0, y 1

63

I.

A B
A
B

A B
A
B

B
D

B D
: B D

2
: A A , A A S

1 :

64

2

: |

| |

2

:
1.

2. |

3. |

n
: P( B | A ) P( A )
i 1
i i

P( B | Ak ) P( Ak )

: P( Ak | B) n

P( B | A ) P( A )
i 1
i i

II.

1.

4
3

65
 :

4 3 1 8

8!
Card C 8,3 8 7 56
3!8 3!

.
A

A1 :

A2 :

A1 A2

C 4, 2 C 4,1 C 4,3
P A1 ; P A2
C 8,3 C 8,3

C 4, 2 C 4,1 C 4,3
P A P A1 P A2
C 8,3 C 8,3

4! 4! 4!

2! 2! 3! 3! 3 2 4 4 28 1
56 56 56 56 56 2

.
B

A1 :

C 4, 2 C 4,1
P A1
C 8,3

A2 :

66
 C 4,3
P A2
C 8,3

A3 :

C 3, 2 C 5,1
P A3
C 8,3

A4 :

1
P A4
C 8,3

A1 , A2 , A3 , A4

C 4, 2 C 4,1 C 4,3 C 3, 2 C 5,1 1 44 11

P B
C 8,3 56 14

.
C

4 , 1
3 ,
1
1

4 3 1 12 3
P C
C 8,3 56 14

2.
30 14

8 4

A :

B :

.-
A
B

67
 .- P B | A

-
A B

8 4 12

6 12 18

14 16 30

12 2
P A
30 5

14 16

16 8
P B
30 15

.- 4

4 1
P B | A
12 3

-
A B
1 2 2
P A B P B | A P A
3 5 15

3.
32

A :
B :

68
 C :

A, B, C

Card 32

C 8,1 8 1
P A
32 32 4
C 4,1 4 1
P B
32 32 8
P C

16

C 16,1 1

32 2
1 1 1
P C
8 2 16

4.
12 1 12 3

A : 3

B : 3

C :

d 3

D :

1
q
2
: 1, 2,3, 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12

12! 12! 12 1110
Card C 12,3 220
3!12 3! 3!9! 6
3 3,6,9,12
A

3,6,9,12

69
 C 4,3 4 1
P A
C 12,3 220 55
P B
3,6,9,12

8
C 4,1 C 8, 2 112 28
P B
C 12,3 220 55
P C

1, 4,7 ,2,5,8 , 3,6,9 , 4,7,10, 5,8,11, 6,9,12

6 3
P C
220 110
P D
1
a, b, c
q
2
1 1 1
b a, c b a
2 2 4
a, b, c a
4

a 4,8 12

: 4, 2,1 , 8, 4, 2 , 12,6,3

3
: P D
220

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: ( )

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P x1 , y1 , z1 Q x2 , y2 , z2

x2 x1 y2 y1 z2 z1
2 2 2
d

C x0 , y0 , z0 r x x0 y y0 z z0 r

2 2 2

2

: x y z 2 x0 x 2 y0 y 2 z0 z k 0, k x0 y0 z0 r
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Q Q

| | | |
| |

P

| |
Q L
| |

II.

1.

. . .

72


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2.

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73


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4.

( )

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5. :

74
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6.

x x0 at 0 t t x t

y y0 bt 0 2t 2t y 2t
z z ct 0 3t 3t z 3t
0

x y z


1 2 3

7. :

A(1, 2,3) ; B(3, 2,1) C (1, 2, 2)

A(1, 2,3) ; B(3, 2,1)

A(1, 2,3) ; C (1, 2, 2)

75

| |

76