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Chapter Two Psychrometrics of Air Condition Processes: 2.1-Psychrometric Chart
Chapter Two Psychrometrics of Air Condition Processes: 2.1-Psychrometric Chart
Chapter Two
Psychrometrics of Air Condition Processes
2.1- Psychrometric Chart
It is a graphical representation of various thermodynamic properties of moist air. The
psychrometric chart is very useful for finding out the properties of air (which are required in the
field of air condition) and eliminate lot of calculations. There is a slight variation in the charts
prepared by different air-conditioning manufactures but basically they are all alike. The
psychrometric chart is normally drawn for standard atmospheric pressure of 760 mm of Hg
(or 1.01325 bar).
6. Specific volume lines: The specific volume lines are obliquely inclined straight lines and
uniformly spaced as shown in Fig.(2.7). These lines are drawn up to the saturation curve.
The values of volume lines are generally given at the base of the chart.
7. Relative humidity lines: The relative humidity lines are curved and follow the saturation curve.
Generally, these lines are drawn with values of relative humidity 10%, 20%, 30% etc. and up to
100%. The saturation curve presents 100% relative humidity. The values of relative humidity lines
are generally given along the lines themselves as shown in Fig.(2.8).
Fig.(2.9)
Chapter Tw o P sychrom etrics of A ir C ondition Processes
We also find from psychrometric chart that the specific volume at point A is 0.843 m3/kg of dry
air.
Vapour density, v=W/a=0.005/0.843=0.0059 kg/m3 of dry air
Now from point A, draw a line parallel to the wet bulb temperature line meeting the enthalpy
line at point E. Now the enthalpy of air as read from the chart is 34.8 kJ/kg of dry air.
Assuming no loss of enthalpy and specific humidity during the air mixture process, we have for
the mass balance of dry air,
m1 + m2 = m3 (2.1)
Chapter Tw o P sychrom etrics of A ir C ondition Processes
For the energy balance,
m1 h1 + m2 h2 = m3 h3 (2.2)
and for the mass balance of water vapour,
m1 W1 + m2 W2 = m3 W3 (2.3)
Substituting the value of m3 from equation (2.1) in equation (2.2),
m1 h1 + m2 h2 = (m1 + m2 ) h3 = m1 h3 + m2 h3
or m1 h1 m1 h3 = m2 h3 m2 h2
m1 (h1 h3 ) = m2 (h3 h2 )
m2 h1 h3
= (2.4)
m1 h3 h2
m1h1 + m2 h2
Or h3 = (2.5)
m1 + m2
Similarly, substituting the value of m3 from equation (2.1) in equation (2.3), we have
m2 W1 W3
= (2.6)
m1 W3 W2
m W + m2W2
Or W3 = 1 1 (2.7)
m1 + m2
The adiabatic mixing process is represented on the psychrometric chart as shown in Fig.(2.10)
(b). The final condition of the mixture (point 3) lies on the straight line 1-2. The point 3 divides the
line 1-2 in the inverse ratio of the mixing masses.
Example 2.2. 300 m3/min of fresh air at 30 C (DBT) dry bulb temperature and 50% RH is to be
mixed with 800 m3/min of recirculated air at 22 C (DBT) dry bulb temperature and 10 C dew point
temperature. Determine the enthalpy, specific volume, humidity ratio, and dew point temperature of
the mixture.
Solution. Given: v1=300 m3/min; td1=30 C; 1 =50%; v2=800 m3/min; td2=22 C; tdp2=10 C
Enthalpy of the mixture
Let h3= Enthalpy of the mixture
The condition of recirculated air at 22 C DBT and 10 C dew point temperatures is marked on
the psychrometric chart at point 2 as shown in Fig.(2.11). Now mark the condition of fresh air at 30
C dry bulb temperature and 50% relative humidity at point 1 as shown in the figure. Join 1 and 2.
Chapter Tw o P sychrom etrics of A ir C ondition Processes
h1
50%
h3
1 W1
h2
tdp3 3
W3
10 C W2
2
vs3 0.876
0.846 m3/kg
m3/kg
22 30
Fig(2.11)
Plot point 3 on line joining the points 1 and 2 corresponding to enthalpy h3=47.86 kJ/kg of dry
air, as shown in Fig.(2.11).
From point 3 on psychrometric chart, we find that specific volume of the mixture at point 3,
vs3= 0.855 m3/kg of dry air Ans.
Humidity ratio of the mixture at point 3,
W3= 0.0092 kg/kg of dry air Ans.
And dew point temperature of the mixture at point 3,
tdp312.7 C Ans.
Chapter Tw o P sychrom etrics of A ir C ondition Processes
SHR
ht hl
hs 1
State point
Parallel 2
The term (c pa + W c ps ) is called humid specific heat (cpm) and its value is taken as 1.022 kJ/kg K.
Heat added q = 1.022 (t d 2 t d 1 ) kJ / kg .(2.10)
Notes: 1- For sensible heating, steam or hot water is passed through the heating coil. The heating
coil may be electric resistance coil.
2- The sensible heating of moist air can be done to any desired temperature.
The heat rejected by the air during sensible cooling may be obtained from the psychrometric
chart by the enthalpy difference (h1-h2) as shown in Fig.(2.14) b. It may be noted that the specific
humidity during the sensible cooling remains constant (i.e. W1=W2). The dry bulb temperature
reduces from td1 to td2 and relative humidity increases from 1 to 2 as shown in Fig.(2.14) b. The
amount of heat rejected during sensible cooling may also be obtained from the relation:
Heat rejected, q = h1 h2
= c pa (t d 1 t d 2 ) + W c ps (t d 1 t d 2 )
= (c pa + W c ps )(t d 1 t d 2 ) = c pm (t d 1 t d 2 )
Chapter Tw o P sychrom etrics of A ir C ondition Processes
The term (c pa + W c ps ) is called humid specific heat (cpm) and its value is taken as 1.022 kJ/kg K.
td 3 td 2
x= ..(2.12)
t d 3 t d1
where x is called by-pass factor of the coil and is generally written as BPF. Therefore, by-pass
factor for heating coil,
td 3 td 2
BPF = ..(2.13)
td 3 td1
Chapter Tw o P sychrom etrics of A ir C ondition Processes
* Under ideal condition, the dry bulb temperature of the air leaving the apparatus ( t d 2 ) should be equal to that of the
coil ( t d 3 ). But it is not so, because of the inefficiency of the coil. This phenomenon is known as by-pass factor.
Similarly, by-pass factor for cooling coil,
t t
BPF = d 2 d 3 ..(2.14)
td1 td 3
The value of x (BPF) also is obtained by balancing the enthalpies as follows:
h2 = x h1 + (1 x )h3
for heating coil
h h2
x= 3 .. (2.15)
h3 h1
for cooling coil
h h
x= 2 3 .. (2.16)
h1 h3
Note: The performance of a heating or cooling coil is measured in terms of a by-pass factor. A coil
with low by-pass factor has better performance.
t d 2 t d 3 t d1 t d 2
C = 1 = ..(2.17)
t d1 t d 3 td1 t d 3
Example 2.3. In a heating application, moist air enters a steam heating coil at 10 C, 50% RH and
leaves at 30 C. Determine the sensible heat transfer, if mass flow rate of air is 100kg of dry air per
second. Also determine the steam mass flow rate if steam enters saturated at 100 C and condensate
leaves at 80 C.
Solution. Given: td1=10 C ; 1 =50% ; td2=30 C; ma=100kg/s ; ts= 100 C; tC= 80 C
Sensible heat transfer
First, mark the initial condition of air, i.e. 10 C dry bulb temperature and 50% relative humidity on
the psychrometric chart at point 1, as shown in Fig.(2.16). Draw a constant specific humidity line
from point 1 to intersect the vertical line drawn through 30 C dry bulb temperature at point 2. the
line 1-2 represents sensible heating of air.
From the psychrometric chart, we find that
enthalpy at point 1,
h1=19.5 kJ/kg of dry air
and enthalpy at point 2, Fig(2.16)
h2=40 kJ/kg of dry air
We know that sensible heat transfer,
Q=ma(h2-h1)=100(40-19.5)=2050 kJ/s Ans.
Chapter Tw o P sychrom etrics of A ir C ondition Processes
Example 2.3. The air enters a duct at 10 C and 80% RH at the rate of 150 m3/min and is heated to
30 C without adding or removing any moisture. The pressure remains constant at 1 atmosphere.
Determine the relative humidity of air at exit from the duct and the rate of heat transfer.
Solution. Given: td1=10 C; 1 =80%; v1=150 m3/min; td2=30 C; p=pb= 1 atm=101.325 kPa
Fig(2.17)
From the psychrometric chart, we find that the relative humidity of air exit i.e. at point 2,
2 23.5%
ma =
( pb pv1 )v1 (1.013 0.00982)10 5 150
= = 185.2 m 3 / min
Ra Td 1 287 (273 + 10)
Rate of heat transfer
=ma(h2-h1)=185.2(45.5-26)=3611.4 kJ/min Ans.
It may be noted that in humidification, change in enthalpy is shown by the intercept (h2-h1) on
the psychrometric chart. Since the dry bulb temperature of air during the humidification remains
constant, therefore its sensible heat also remains constant. It is thus obvious, that the change in
enthalpy per kg of dry air due to the increased moisture content equal to (W2 -W1) per kg of dry air
is considered to cause a latent heat transfer (LH). Mathematically,
LH = (h2 h1 ) = h fg (W2 W1 ) ..(2.18)
where hfg is the latent heat transfer of vaporization at dry bulb temperature( t d 1 ).
Notes:
1. For dehumidification, the above equation may be written as:
Chapter Tw o P sychrom etrics of A ir C ondition Processes
LH = (h1 h2 ) = h fg (W1 W2 ) ..(2.19)
2. Absolute humidification and dehumidification processes are rarely found in practice. These
are always accompanied by heating and cooling processes.
3. In air conditioning, the latent heat load per minute is given as:
LH = ma h = ma h fg W = h fg ..(2.20)
where = Rate of dry air flowing in m3/s.
= Density of moist air =1.2 kg/m3 of dry air.
hfg= Latent heat of vaporization = 2450 kJ/kg, and
W = Difference of specific humidity between the entering and leaving conditions of
air=( W2 W1 ) for humidification and (W1-W2) for dehumidification.
Substituting these values in the above expression, we get
LH = 1.2 2500 W = 2940 W kJ / s or kW ..(2.21)
td 2 td 4 t ADP
BPF = = d2 ..(2.22)
td1 td 4 t d 1 ADP
W2 W4 h h2
Also BPF = = 4 ..(2.23)
W1 W4 h1 h2
Actually, the cooling and dehumidification process follows the path as shown by a dotted curve
in Fig.(2.19) a, but for calculation of psychrometric properties, only end points are important. Thus
the cooling and dehumidification process shown by a line 1-2 may be assumed to have followed a
path 1-A (i.e. dehumidification) and (i.e. cooling) as shown in Fig.(2.19)a. We see that the total heat
removed from the air during the cooling and dehumidification process is
q = h1 h2 = (h1 hA ) + (hA h2 ) = LH + SH
where LH = h1 hA = Latent heat removed due to condensation of vapour of
reduced moisture content (W1-W2), and
SH = hA h2 =Sensible heat removed.
We know that sensible heat factor,
Sensible heat SH h h2
SHF = = = A ..(2.24)
Total heat SH + LH h1 h2
Note: The line 1-4 (i.e. the line joining the point of entering air and the apparatus dew point) in Fig.
(2.19) b is known as sensible heat factor line.
Example 2.4. The atmospheric air at 30 C dry bulb temperature and 75% relative humidity enters a
cooling coil at the rate 200 m3/min. the coil dew point temperature is 14 C and the by-pass factor of
the coil is 0.1. Determine: 1. the temperature of air leaving the cooling coil; 2. the capacity of the
cooling coil in tones of refrigeration and in kilowatt; 3. the amount of water vapour removed per
minute; and 4. the sensible heat factor for the process.
W1
t td 4 t ADP
BPF = d 2 = d2
td1 td 4 t d 1 ADP W2
t d 2 14
0 .1 =
30 14
Water vapour in the entering air or the specific humidity of entering air at point 1,
W1=0.0202 kg/kg of dry air
Water vapour in the leaving air or the specific humidity of leaving air at point 2,
W2=0.011 kg/kg of dry air
Specific volume of entering air at point 1,
1=0.886 m3/kg of dry air
Enthalpy of entering air at point 1,
h1=82 kJ/kg of dry air
Enthalpy air at point A,
hA=58 kJ/kg of dry air
and enthalpy of leaving air at point 2
h2=43.5 kJ/kg of dry air
We know that mass of air flowing through the cooling coil,
v 200
ma = 1 = = 225.7 kg / min
1 0.886
Capacity of cooling coil in tones of refrigeration
=ma(h1-h2)=225.7(82-43.5)=8690.7 kJ/min
=8690.7/210=41.38 TR Ans. (Q 1 TR=210 kJ/min)
and capacity of the cooling coil in kilowatt
=8690.7/60=144.845 kW Ans.
3. Amount of water vapour removed per minute
We know that amount of water vapour removed
=ma(W1-W2)=225.7(0.0202-0.011)=2.076 kg/min Ans.
W1
m2
m1
t2
t1
W2
W1
h2
m1h1 + mw h3 = m2 h2 ..(2.26) h1
as shown in Fig.(2.25)
Chapter Tw o P sychrom etrics of A ir C ondition Processes
Example 2.5. 200 m3 of air per minute is passed through the adiabatic humidifier. The condition of
air at inlet is 40 C dry bulb temperature and 15% relative humidity and the outlet condition is 25 C
dry bulb temperature and 20 C wet bulb temperature. Find the dew point temperature and the
amount of water vapour added to the air per minute.
Example 2.6. Determine the final dry bulb temperature and relative humidity of air washer with
recirculated spray water if the air is initially at dry bulb temperature 35 C and 50% relative
humidity as it enters an air washer which has humidifying efficiency of 85 percent.
Example 2.7. The atmospheric air at 25 C dry bulb temperature and 12 C wet bulb temperatures is
flowing at the rate of 100 m3/min through the duct. The dry saturated steam at 100 C is injected
into the air steam at the rate of 72 kg per hour. Calculate the specific humidity and enthalpy of the
leaving air. Also determine the dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature and relative humidity of
the leaving air.
Solution. Given: td1=25 C ; tw1=12 C v1=100 m3/min; ts=100 C; ms=72 kg/h = 1.2 kg/min
Specific humidity of the leaving air
Let W2= Specific humidity of the leaving air.
First, mark the initial condition of air at 25 C dry bulb temperature and 12 C wet bulb
temperature on the psychrometric chart at point 1, as shown in Fig.(2.30). Now from the
psychrometric chart, we find that the specific volume of air at point 1,
1= 0.849 m3/kg of dry air
Specific humidity of air at point 1,
W1= 0.0034 kg/kg of dry air
Enthalpy of air at point 1,
h1= 34.2 kJ/kg of dry air
We know that mass of air flowing,
v 100
ma = 1 = = 117.78 kg / min
1 0.849
Fig.(2.30)
We know that
m 1 .2
W2 = W1 + s = 0.0034 + = 0.0135 kg / kg of dry air Ans.
ma 117.78
Enthalpy of the leaving air
Let h2= enthalpy of the leaving air.
From steam table (1.4), we find that enthalpy of dry-saturated steam corresponding to 100 C
hs= 2675.44 kJ/kg
m 1 .2
We know that h2 = h1 + s hs = 34.2 + 2675.44 = 61.45 kJ / kg of dry air Ans.
ma 117.78
Dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature and relative humidity of the leaving air.
Chapter Tw o P sychrom etrics of A ir C ondition Processes
Mark the condition of leaving air on the psychrometric chart as point 2 corresponding to
W2= 0.0135 kg/kg of dry air and h2= 61.45 kJ/kg of dry air. Now from the psychrometric chart
corresponding to point 2,
Dry bulb temperature of the leaving air,
td2=26.1 C
Wet bulb temperature of the leaving air,
tw2=21.1 C
and relative humidity of the leaving air,
2 =64% Ans.
Note: Solve this example by using the protractor
Actual
adsorption
dehumidification
W1
W2
W3
Example 2.8. Saturated air at 21 C is passed through a drier so that its final relative humidity is
20%. The drier uses silica gel adsorbent. The air is then passed through a cooler until its final
temperature is 21 C without a change in specific humidity. Determine: 1. the temperature of air at
the end of the drying process; 2. The heat rejected during the cooling process; 3. the relative
humidity at the end of the cooling process; 4. the dew point temperature at the end of the drying
process; and 5.the moisture removed during the drying process.
Fig.(2.32)
Wr=Wa
Wm=Ws
Example 2.9.An air conditioned auditorium is to be maintained at 27C dry bulb temperature and
60% relative humidity. The ambient condition is 40C dry bulb temperature and 30C wet bulb
temperature. The total sensible heat load is 100 000 kJ/h and the total latent heat load is 40 000
kJ/h. 60% of the return air is recirculated and mixed with 40% of make-up air after the cooling coil.
The condition of air leaving the cooling coil is at 18C. Determine 1.Room sensible heat factor;
2.The condition of air entering the auditorium; 3.The amount of make-up air; 4.Apparatus dew
point; and 5.By-pass factor of the cooling coil. Show the processes on the psychometric chart.
Fig.(2.35)
First, mark the ambient condition of air (outside air) at 40 C dry bulb temperature and 30 C wet
bulb temperature on the psychrometric chart at point 1, as shown in Fig.(2.36). Now mark the
condition of air in the auditorium at 27C dry bulb temperature and 60% relative humidity, as point
4.
Mark the calculated value of SHR=0.714 on the sensible heat factor scale on the protractor and
draw line from the center of the protractor to value of SHR as shown in Fig.(36). Now from point 4,
Chapter Tw o P sychrom etrics of A ir C ondition Processes
draw a line 4-5(known as RSHF line) parallel to the line drawn in the protractor. Since the condition
of air leaving the cooling coil is at 18C, therefore, mark point 2 such that td2=18 C. Join points 1
and 2 and produce upto point 6 on the saturation curve. The line 1-2-6 is given that 60% of the air
from the auditorium is recirculated and mixed with 40% of the make-up air after the cooling.
RSHF
Fig.(2.36)
The condition of air entering the auditorium is given by point 3. From the psychrometric chart, we
find that at point 3,
m ma , 4
Q t3 = a , 2 t 2 + t 4 = 0.4 18 + 0.6 27 = 23.4 oC
ma ,3 ma ,3
Wet bulb temperature tw3=19.7 C
and relative humidity 3 =71%
3. Amount of make-up air
From the psychrometric chart, we find that enthalpy of air at point 4,
h4=61.5 kJ/kg of dry air
and enthalpy of air at point 3, h3=56.5 kJ/kg of dry air
Room total heat RSH + RLH
ms = =
h4 h3 h4 h3
100000 + 40000
= = 28000 kg / h
61.5 56.5
Since the make-up air is 40% of supply air, therefore mass of make-up air
=0.428000=11200 kg/h Ans.
4.Apparatus dew point
From the psychrometric chart, we find that the apparatus dew point of the cooling coil at
point 6 is
ADP= td6=13.3 C Ans.
5. By pass factor of the cooling coil
We know that by-pass factor of the cooling coil,
t ADP 18 13.3
BPF = d 2 = = 0.176 Ans.
t d 1 ADP 40 13.3
Chapter Tw o P sychrom etrics of A ir C ondition Processes
Example 2.10.Air at 10C dry bulb temperature and 90% relative humidity is to be heated and
humidified to 35C dry bulb temperature and 22.5C wet bulb temperature. The air is pre-heated
sensibly before passing to the air washer in whish water is recalculated. The relative humidity of the
air coming out of the air washer is 90%. This air is again reheated sensibly to obtain the final
desired condition. Find : 1.The temperature to which the air should be preheated. 2. The total
heating required; 3.The make up water required in he air washer; and 4.the humidifying efficiency
of the air washer.
Solution. Given: td1=10 C; 1 =90% ; td2=35C; tw2=22.5C
First, mark the initial condition of air at 10 C dry bulb temperature and 90% relative humidity,
on the psychrometric chart at point 1, as shown in Fig.(2.37). Now mark the final condition of air at
35C dry bulb temperature and 22.5C wet bulb temperature at point 2.
From point 1, draw a horizontal line to represent sensible heating and from point 2 draw
horizontal line to intersect 90% relative humidity curve at point B. Now from point B, draw a
constant wet bulb temperature line, which intersects the horizontal line drawn through point 1 at
point A. The line 1-A represents preheating of air, line AB represents humidification and line B-2
represents reheating to final condition.
1.Temperature to which the air should be preheated
From the psychrometric chart, the temperature to which the air should be preheated
(corresponding to point A) is
tdA=32.6 C Ans.
2.Total heating required
From the psychrometric chart,
we find that enthalpy of air at point 1,
h1=27.2 kJ/kg of dry air
Enthalpy of air at point A,
hA=51 kJ/kg of dry air
and enthalpy of air at point 2,
h2=68 kJ/kg of dry air
Example 2.11. In order to compare the space conditions produced and the relative energy
requirements of bypass and reheat systems, consider a space that has a sensible load of Qs=205kW
and a latent load of QL=88kW when the space is maintained at a dry bulb temperature of 25C and
the outdoor condition are 35C dry bulb temperature and 40% relative humidity. The space dry bulb
condition is to be met by using either of the systems shown in Figs.(2.38) or (2.40). Supply air is to
be introduced to the space at a flow rate of 30kga/s.The flow rate of exhaust air is 4.5 kga/s. The exit
condition of the systems cooling coil are a dry bulb temperature of 10C and relative humidity of
95%. For by-pass system shown in fig. (2.38)determine:(a) the relative humidity in the space and
(b) the required system cooling capacity. For the reheat system shown in fig. (2.40)determine (c) the
relative humidity in the space , (d) the rate of heat required for the reheat coil, and (e) the required
system cooling capacity.
Solution. The nomenclature of Fig.(2.38) will be used for parts (a) and (b). Standard atmospheric
pressure is assumed and the solution carried out using psychrometric chart. States 4 and 6 can be
located from given information. States 6,7, and 2b fall on the mixing line connecting 6 and 2b. The
slope of this line is determined by observing that it is also the space-condition line from state 1 to
state 2. The sensible-heat ratio for the space-condition line is given by:
Qs 205
SHR = = = 0.7
Qs + Ql 205 + 88
(a) State 2 is located at the intersection of the line with an SHR=0.7 drawn through state 6 and
td2=25 C. The resulting point falls at 2 =50%. Thus using the system shown in Fig.(2.35), the
space conditions will be td2=25 C and 2 =50%.
(b) State 5 is on the mixing line connecting state 4 and 2a.(Note that states 2, 2a, 2b, and 3 are the
same) In order to determine the division of the return air between ma,2a and ma,2b, locate state 7,1.
m2b h1 h6 t1 t 6
Q = =
m6 h2 h1 t 2 t1
From Fig.(2.38) we observing that ma,2b= ma,1- ma,6 and that ma,5 = ma,6
m5 h2 h1 t 2 t1 25 18.3
Q = = = = 0.45
m1 h2 h6 t 2 t 6 25 10
Thus
ma,5 =0.4530=13.5 kg/s
ma,2b=30-13.5=16.5 kg/s
Also, from Fig.(2.38) it is seen that
ma,2a= ma,1- ma,3- ma,2b=30-4.5-16.5=9 kg/s
ma , 4t 4 ma , 2 a t 2 a
4.5 35 9 25
Q t5 = = = 28.3 oC
ma ,5 13.5
Thus, state 5 is located at the intersection of the line connecting 2a and 4 and a dry bulb temperature
28.3 C.
from chart h5 = 57.8 kJ / kg dry air
The required system cooling capacity
Chapter Tw o P sychrom etrics of A ir C ondition Processes
5 Q6 = mo 5 (h5 h6 )
=13.5(57.8-28.3)=398.25 kW
SHR
2,2a,2b,3
1,7
6
SHR
Fig.(2.38) Fig.(2.39)
=30(37.1-28.3)=264 kW
(e) State 5 is the intersection of td5 with the adiabatic mixing process line connecting states 2 and 4.
Notice that in the reheat system the entire supply-air flow rate passes through the cooling coil.
Therefore, ma,5 = ma,1=30 kg/s and
ma,2= ma,1- ma,3=30-4.5=25.5 kg/s
from chart h2=46.5 kJ/kg of dry air
ma , 4t 4 ma , 2 t 2 4.5 35 25.5 25
Q t5 = = = 26.5 oC
ma ,5 30
5 Q6 = m o 5 (h5 h6 )
=30(50.2-28.3)=657 kW
SHR
4
2,3
6 1,7
SHR
Fig.(2.41)
Fig.(2.40)
Heating Outdoor
coil air
Steam
at 100 C
Fig.(2.42)
Solution:
QL = m o w h fg , hfg=2450 kJ/kg
QL=8/36002450=5.444 kW
Qs 30
SHR = = = 0.846 0.85
Qs + QL 30 + 5.44
Qs = m c p (t s t r ) Where tr=td1 , ts=td5, and cp=1.02 kJ/kg .K
Qs = 1.22 v o (t s t r )
30 =1.22(10200/3600)( td5-22)
td5 =30.67 C
from the psychrometric chart, 1=0.843 m3/kg dry air
2=0.792 m3/kg dry air
m1=m5-m2
v1=v5-v2
v1 10200 2000
ma1 = = = 9727.16 kg / h
1 0.843
v2 2000
ma 2 = = = 2525.25 kg / h
2 0.792
m5= m1+m2=9727.16+2525.25= 12252.41kg/h=3.4 kg/s
m1t1 m2 t 2 9727.16 22 2525.25 5
Q t3 = = = 18.494 oC 18.5o C
m1 + m2 9727.16 + 2525.25
From psychrometric chart
td4 =30.4 C, h4=43.5 kJ/kg d.a. , h5=47.1 kJ/kg d.a.
hs from table(1.4)(at t=100 C) = 2675.44 kJ/kg
Chapter Tw o P sychrom etrics of A ir C ondition Processes
By using value of hs at the protractor, from psychrometric chart, as shown in Fig.(2.43)
RH5=19% , h3=32 kJ/kg d.a.
By using energy balance on the humidifier
m4 h4+ms hs=m5 h5 ,
3.443.5+ms2675.44=3.447.1
ms=4.57510-3=16.47 kg/h
Qheating coil = m o 3 (h4 h3 )
=3.4(43.5-32)=39.1 kW
SHR
hs SHR
1 5
3
4
2
Humidifier
Fig.(2.43)