VOLUME 4, ISSUE 2

iCERYX
The Voice Of ICE
FORWORD
The department focuses on maintaining a strong base in academics which will provide a platform to add acco-
lades to the career of the students and persuades them to come out with flying colors. The department is elated
and very proud about the placement of the final year students and most of the final year students have preferred
the core jobs. The department will aid any positive effort made by the students in honing their skill sets. The
students are constantly encouraged to convert their theoretical knowledge to innovative projects by themselves
based on resources available with the department.

Dr. S.M. Girirajkumar

HoD/ ICE

FROM THE EDITORIAL BOARD

The exemplary achievements of the department is aclassic example of how commitment can produce wonders.
The department solley believes that a healthy mind is a prerequisite for a prosperous future. So utmost care and con-
cern is given for the students to realize their aims and to accomplish their goals in the future days to come. Our depart-
ment has shown a tremendous growth in terms of national level. The PR team feels it its greatest previlege to put to light
to the outer world the remarkable and cummulative efforts of all of us which ahs led to this magnificent achievemnt.

R.Santhoshini,Pre-Final Year
P.N.Subbulakshmi, Pre-Final Year
C.T.Muthalagappan,Pre-Final Year
R.Milan Patel, Second Year
G.Subbiah Srinivasan, Second Year
B.Irhfann Ameer, Second Year
R.S.Sanchhali, Second Year
CONTENTS

1.E-YANTRA
2.SARA VISIT
3.CLAD TRAINING
4.LABVIEW CORE 1 & 2
5.WORKSHOP ON PCB
6.SOFT SKILLS PROGRAM
7.NONLINEAR AND ADAPTIVE CONTROL
8. INDUSTRY ACADEMIC MEET
9.PROJECT
10.TRAINING AND PLACEMENT
11.STUDENT ACTIVITIES
12.IMPLANT TRANING
13.STERILIZING SPRAY
14.AMAZING MATHEMATICS
15.IOT INTRUMENTATION
16.ULTRASONIC SENSOR
17.ART CORNER
18.PHOTGRAPHY CORNER
E-YANTRA
E-yantra is the place in
which students can interact with
the robot.It makes the mutual un-
derstanding between the AI and the
human.In our department we have
the e-yantra lab which help the stu-
dents to learn more about the ro-
bot.Fire Bird 5 is the robot which
is being given to our department.
Three batches registered for the
E-yantra competition amongst
which 1 batch titled BICOP-
TER was shortlisted from ICE
OVERVIEW:
e-Yantra Robotics Com-
petition (eYRC) is a unique annu-
al competition for undergraduate
students in science and colleges.
Selected teams are given a robot-
ic kit complete with accessories
and video tutorials to help them
learn basic concepts in embed-
ded systems and microcontrol-
ler programming. Abstracts of
real world problems assigned as
themes are then implemented by
the teams using the robotic kits.
E-YANTRA LAB SETUP
INITIATIVE:
e-Yantra Lab Setup Initiative
(eLSI) is a college level program un-
der which colleges are encouraged
to setup robotics labs. It is designed
as a scalable and sustainable ap-
proach that addresses infrastructure
creation and teacher training to
create an eco-system at the colleges
to impart effective engineering edu-
cation. eLSI provides: (i) guidance
and support for establishing robot-
ics labs - three robotic kits are given
to each participating college and (ii)
a two-phased training for teachers:
Two-day Workshop and Task
Based Training.Through this
lab students gets benifited.
E-YANTRA SYMPOSIUM: they will be aware of the facilities
e-Yantra Symposium(eYS) available in the college. They can
is an annual event at IIT-Bombay visit the laboratories of all the De-
-- to bring together colleges which partments and know about the ex-
have set up robotics labs through cellent practical facilities available.
the e-Yantra Lab Setup Initiative Every department has a Seminar
(eLSI). The goal is to share proj- Hall, where they present about the
ects and brainstorm new ideas for speciality and Platform of the De-
improving pedagogy and the qual- partments , which is very useful to
ity of BE projects. This event en- get to know about the Departments.
sures sustainable use of Robotics This college has a neat and Hygien-
labs set up through the e-Yantra ic Cafeteria. They can visit there so
Lab Setup Initiative (eLSI). No that theyll be able to know about
registration fee is charged from the culinary excellence of it. On the
teachers and students from col- whole this program is an excellent
leges who attend the symposium. work done by the college
This event acts as a platform for :
(i) Showcasing selected projects
from the e-Yantra labs through
e-Yantra Ideas Competition
(eYIC).
This is useful for the stu-
dents to think more than their nor-
mal studies.This platform has many
innovative students to achieve.
Students of our department has in-
volved themself in all the work-
shop conducted by e-yantra.
Sara Vist CLAD training:
29 final year students
This program is conducted in Sa- from ICE cracked the pres-
ranathan College of Engineering. tigious international online
The main objective of this program CLAD exam conducted by Na-
is to let students and their parents to tional Instruments, USA .
know about the facilities available
in the college.Itvis conducted every THE CERTIFIED DEVEL-
year. This program is conducted to
OPERS FROM ICE DE-
experience the atmosphere of the
college and to let them know about PARTMENT ARE:
the finest quality education. Stu-
dents and Parents can explore the
entire campus so that
NAME OF THE STU- The candidates are tested LabView Core 1 & 2:
upon their broad working knowl- LabView is a system-design
DENT edge of the LabVIEW environment, platform and development environ-
Krithika.R a basic understanding of coding and ment for a visual programming lan-
Siddharth.S documentation practices and the guage from National Instruments.
Srithilothana.G ability to read and interpret exist- The graphical language is named G.
Abimanya.M ing code. The average success rate
Bhavani.V has been estimated (as of NI trainers LabView workshop was
Infant Anto Abishek.J point of view) in the order of 6-10%. being conducted in our department
Prathiba.S for pre final year students and 41
29 students from the final year sudents enthusiastically attend-
Ramkumar.K and one staff member of our depart- ed the workshop.Our department
Sivapughalventhan.V ment have been certified as CLAD by HOD Dr.S.M Girirajkumar begun
Hakkim.M the online certification examination the Workshop by being an intro-
Shivamanikandan.R that took place at the college premises duction and importance of leaning.
Somasundharam.S on 19.06.2017. A total of 39 students
Aravind.S appeared for the examination, bringing Tr a i n e r s : M r. S a n j a y
Arunrajan.S the success rate of our department to Karthick,BE,Application Develop-
over 75%, way above the average rate. er, National Instruments and Mr.
Padma Pradha.T
Balaji,BE, Application Deveoper,
Prakash.S To meet the quality expect- National Instruments (NI).
Jenies Wilma.A ed by the Global Industrial Market,
Prakash.K NI expects the candidates to score Duration: The workshop held
Priyanka.S 70% to be granted certification. for 5 days (08/06/2017 to 12/06/2017)
Prasanna.V
Vivesh Ranchan.K The examination consists Day 1: The workshop start-
of 40 questions which have no ab- ed with an Basic Introduc-
Hari Prasad.N
solute answer but expects the can- tion about the LabView and
Subathra.S didates to choose the most appro- about the National Instruments.
Jaiganesh.L priate answer. Each question is
Mohamed Imthiyas.M valued at 2.5% of the total mark.
Kesavan.S
Day 2: The Basic Programs were
being taught to us with the help of
Gowri Sankari.S The Certified Developers will
the LabView software (the soft-
Kruthika.J.S be listed on the National Instruments
ware is of 14 and 15 version).
Nandha Gopal.V.S Global Website (http://www.ni.com/
services/certified_labview_associ-
ate_developers.htm) as part of the list Day 3: Exercise and As-
National Instruments, a of International Certified Developers. signment were given to us
US based Multinational Core with a keen knowledge.
Company that specializes in Vir- Owing to the high value
tual Instrumentation, certifies stu- for this certification, NI imposes Day 4: New programs were
dents and working profession- 2 year validity to this certificate to taught to us by vision system and
als on its award winning System ensure that their Certified Devel- more information were gained
Design software LabVIEW. opers stay in par with the ever-ad- using the videos on LabView.
vancing field of Instrumentation.
Day 5: On the last day we learnt
Also, about 4 students the basic programs on LabView and
from our department narrow- Exercise were given for practice.
ly missed the certification by 5%.
 The basics were covered with this 5 days and our de- Soft Skills program:
partment HOD gave complete conclusion about this Course. An eye opener to the third
year students of department
Workshop on PCB: ICE by Mr.,professor of Sa-
A PCB Workshop was conducted in our department for ranathan College of engineering.
Pre-final year students and 25 sudents enthusiastically attend-
ed the workshop.Our department HOD Dr.S.M Girirajkumar begun A guest lecture was orga-
the Workshop by being an introduction and importance of leaning. nized to the students of third year of
ICE department on from
The workshop was handled by Mr.Sivakumar Duration: The workshop 11:00a.m to 12:30a.m.
held for 2 days (20/06/2017 to 21/06/2017)
The professor of Sarana-
Day 1: Students were learn hoow to design a PCB in software. than College of Engineering, Mr.
triggered the mind of students by
Day 2: Students design their own PCB board on the software and they his lecture on Interview skills.
connect to the hardware and students gets a Hands on experience
From his work experi-
Atlast our department HOD gave complete conclusion about this ence he trained the students on
workshop how to prepare for interviews

He said that students should

know the strategies like how to ne-
gotiate salarypackages and how to
get noticed. He also trained students
on performing better in Group Dis-
cussions and interview by keep-
ing simple points in their minds

In this session, he focused on

leadership qualities, listening skills
and SAT(Skills, Attitude, Traits).

He asked students to per-

form a mock interview and point-
ed their positive and negative
points during their performance.

The students were highly sat-

isfied with the lecture. They enjoyed
the activities and interaction which
created a highly effective learning .

The lecture was informa-

tive and helpful to the students with
the support of the head of the de-
partment and the faculty members.
Nonlinear and Adap- DAY-5 (16th June) of lacking job readiness in the
Control mode of Sliding I, II, Indian IT sector
tive Control III were being thought in the partnerships between the
Professor M.Shanmuga- last day of the course and at industry and academia. Many
valli attended lecture on nonlinear last it ended with the Feed- multinationals have also
and adaptive control from 12th 16th back and Concluding Ceremony. established alliances with
June 2017 at Center for Continuing academic institutions on
Education, IISc, Bangalore. The resource persons for the course are specific initiatives covering faculty
1. Prof. RadhakanthPadhi/ Dept. upgradation, internships,
DAY-1 (12th June) Aerospace Engineering, IISc, Ban- curriculum revision workshops,
The lecture started with galore research incubation, etc.
Introduction and the motivation- aggregating the architects of the
al speech for the awareness then 2. Prof. Banavar, IITB, Mumbai new global economy. They made
the lesson started up with Over- it clear that its high time now to
view of Linear Modern Control 3. Dr. Pawan KumarT, IISc, Bangalore reboot the India education system
which enhanced the view of con- and joint initiatives by the industry
trol system with applications. 4. Dr. ShubamenduBhasin, Dept. and academia will play an important
Basic structures in nonlinear con- Electrical Engg., IITD part in plugging the talent
trol and Feedback linearization gap in the years to come. Training
preliminaries where also discussed 5. Dr. Sachit Rao, IIIT Hyderabad. individuals for the jobs of the future
in the later sessions of the class. and allowing them to visualize
what it possible today will not
DAY-2 (13th June) Industry Academic only make a difference in their
lives but will enrich our communities
On the 2nd day it started at 9:30 Meet: now and for the future.
am with the Static feedback linear- Dr.S.M.Girirajkumar attend-
ization followed by Static feedback The conference brought together
ed 25th edition of Bridge at Chen-
linearization. Dynamic Inversion the leading engineers
nai, Indias Largest Industry-Insti-
and Introduction to Switched and and scientists from across the
tute Interaction Event on 01 March
Hybrid Systems where being dis- country and beyond. This multitrack
2017 at ITC Grand Chola, Chennai.
cussed in the later session of the day. conference features keynote
ICT Academy is an initiative of the
presentations, interactive
Government of India in collabo-
sessions taught by NI experts
DAY-3 (14th June) ration with the state Governments
The lecture started with the theory and Industries. ICT Academy is
based Lyapunov Stability Theory I not-for-profit society, the first of Project:
and Lyapunov Stability Theory II. its kind pioneer venture under the M. Sanmugavalli professor
At the noon session Adaptive Con- Public- Private-Partnership model of our department had proposed
trol I were being started and it con- the project abstract to the scheme
tinued with Adaptive Control II. Bridging the of Young Scientist and Technolo-
skills gap with industry- gist (SYST) of Society for Equity
DAY-4 (15th June) Industry academic meet. Empowerment and Development
It started with the design class of Foreign delegates were (SEED) Division on the topic of
Back-Stepping Design and Neu- also present there. Had Nano sensor for fluid mass flow
ro-Adaptive Design which brings interaction regarding the scope, rate measurement for biomedi-
the virtual designs. And in the later specialization, discussed cal Applications from June 29,
lectured in continued with remain- regarding the bridging the skill 2017 (9:30 am) at Indian National
ing of Adaptive Control III and IV. gap with industry and academia, Science Academy (INSA), Baha-
improving technical knowledge dur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi.
and soft skills of the workers.
Discussed to tackle the problem
 PRESENTATION DURA- In-plant Traininng:
ABOUT SCIENCE FOR EQITY TION: 1.Titan Precision
EMPOWERMENT AND DEVEL- The presentation was about
OPMENT: Automation
10 minutes and the remaining 15
Working for technologi- minutes are for queries. There
Titan Company Limit-
cal empowerment and sustainable ed (earlier known as Titan Indus-
where 8 experts in a panel and each
livelihoods at the grass root levels tries Limited) is an Indian luxury
session happened for 25 minutes
goods company. It is a joint ven-
Science For Equity Em- ture between the Tata Group and
the Tamil Nadu Industrial Devel-
powerment and Development has Training And Place- opment Corporation (TIDCO).
the broad objectives of providing
opportunities to motivated sci- ment:
entists and field level workers to In India, Hosur branch is
take up action oriented and loca- 40 students if final the biggest centre and there are 3
tion specific projects aiming to- year ICE attended the INFOS- branches in Titan- Titan Watch,
wards socio-economic upliftment YS Campus Connect program Titan Jewellery, Titan Precision.
of poor and disadvantaged sections from 05/06/2017 to 09/06/2017 Before few months the Preci-
of the society through appropriate sion department isolated them-
science and technology interven- Soft Skills program was selves from the other two becomes
tions especially in the rural areas. conducted for the II year students of the profit due to Automations
Under this program efforts have from 05/06/2017 to 13/06/2017
been made to associate concerned for which Dr.M.Shanmugaval-
National Labs or other specialist li & Ms.G.Vijayalakshmi were
S&T institutions with each major deputed from our departments
program so as to build-in expert
input, utilize national S&T infra- Mr.Anish trained 40 final
structure and link it up with grass- year students from 12/06/2017 to
roots S&T interventions/initiatives. 16/06/2017 on LabVIEW CLAD

PROPOSAL OBJECTIVE : Mr.Balaji & Mr. Sanjay
Karthick trained 40 III year students
1.Development of the ex-
on LabVIEW Core1 & 2 for 5 days
perimental facility for measur-
from 08/06/2017 to 12/06/2017 Our students namely Ms.
ing mass flow rate of fluid di-
Santhoshini R & Ms. Swetha S of
rectly using Coriolis flowmeter
The CLAD exam was Instrumentation and Control Engi-
2 . F r e q u e n -
conducted for 39 students on neering department as gone for an
cy and phase angle con-
19/06/2017 out of which 29 stu- In-plant Training (21/06/2017 to
trol of Coriolis flowmeter
3.Calibration of Coriolis
dents have cleared successfully 26/06/2017)at Titan precision Divi-
flow meter sion in Hosur. In Titan they worked
4.Design and Simulation of Student activities: in COE (Centre Of Excellence).
nano Coriolis flow meter
Infant Anto Abhishek of
5.Fabrication of nano Corio- pre-final year received a certifi- On the IPT they learnt
lis flow meter about the Sensors, Basics of
cate of participation in eYIC on
6.Characterization of nano 10/05/2017.for clearing the first PLC, Servo and Stepper Mo-
Coriolis flow meter tor, Drives, Robotics Basics.
round by uploading the project video
7.Packaging of nano Corio-
lis flow meter.
 They also visited the Con-
trol System branch for learning
the Wirings and Design. Visit-
ed the Assembly workshop for
hands-on experience on Sensors.
Accommodations and the
food facility where good and the HR
of the Titan helped them out in terms
of interviews and resume formats.
They went through the real time ma-
chines which made them learn better.
Titan Company Limited (earlier
known as Titan Industries Limited)
is an Indian luxury goods company.
It is a joint venture between the Tata
Group and the Tamil Nadu Industrial
Development Corporation (TIDCO).
In India, Hosur branch is
the biggest centre and there are 3
branches in Titan- Titan Watch,
Titan Jewellery, Titan Precision.
Before few months the Preci-
sion department isolated them-
selves from the other two becomes
of the profit due to Automations
Our students namely Ms.
Santhoshini R & Ms. Swetha S of
Instrumentation and Control Engi-
neering department as gone for an
In-plant Training (21/06/2017 to
26/06/2017)at Titan precision Divi-
sion in Hosur. In Titan they worked
in COE (Centre Of Excellence).
On the IPT they learnt
about the Sensors, Basics of
PLC, Servo and Stepper Mo-
tor, Drives, Robotics Basics.
hey also visited the Con-
trol System branch for learning
the Wirings and Design. Visit-
ed the Assembly workshop for
hands-on experience on Sensors.
Accommodations and the I started my in-plant training
food facility where good and the HR at Vamaja Industries, Chennai on
of the Titan helped them out in terms 16th June 2017, after the completion
of interviews and resume formats. of 4th Semester Anna university ex-
They went through the real time ma- amination. The training provided
chines which made them learn better. me a great opportunity in under-
standing the automation technology
In Sensors, they learnt the and the mechanical components.
types of sensors ,how to select a sen-
sor and the condition for each sensors. A weeks training was such
In Safety side, they learnt about a great experience which gave me
E-Stop(Emergency Stop), MS- a clear insight on the different on/
B,RCCB and light curtains. off valves and regulation valves
which are employed in many pet-
In Design, they came rochemical and other process in-
to know about the funda of ti- dustries. The different types of
tan and they where trans- valves namely butterfly valve,
parent about their working. ball valve, gate, globe and check
valves along with their construc-
n Motors , they got a tion and working mechanism was
clear picture of how the mo- explained in a detailed manner. I
tor works and the types of mo- received a hands on experience on
tors, and also about the Drives. their working through a demonstra-
tion illustrated in the industry. The
They where given a good entire assembled set up of the but-
remarks as they worked along terfly valve with the mounted ac-
with the Internship members. tuators and solenoid valves having
pneumatic control was elucidated.
In-plant training at
Vamaja Industries: Sterilizing Spray:
By
Subbulakshmi
Pre-FInal year,ICE
Anitha (2 YR ICE)
This latest science inven-
tion is a spray-on invisible thin
Every student aspires to step into glass coating that sterilizes, pro-
an industrial platform and get hands tects and strengthens surfaces.
on training and work-experience
to learn, explore and implement The coating also re-
the technical knowledge. This aids pels water, dirt, stains, mildew,
one to gain technological know- fungus, bacteria and viruses.
how on the concepts taught in class.
 A liquid coating invent-
ed at the Saarbrcken Insti-
tute for New Materials in Tur-
key and patented by Nanopool
GmbH Germany, is a flexible and
breathable spray-on glass film.
The film is approximate-
ly 100 nanometres thick (500
times thinner than a human hair)
and has multiple applications
and uses in numerous fields.
The coating is envi-
ronmentally friendly (Win-
ner of the Green Apple Award).
It can be applied with-
in seconds to make any surface
very easy to clean and safe from
anti-microbes (Winner of the
NHS Smart Solutions Award)
The special glass coating
known as SiO2 ultra-thin lay-
ering protects practically any
surface against water, uv radia-
tion, dirt, heat, acid, stains, mil-
dew, fungus. bacteria and viruses.
Trials by food processing
plants in Germany have concluded
that surfaces coated with liquid glass
only need hot water for cleaning. In
fact, the coating provided higher lev-
els of sterility than surfaces cleaned
with bleach or other chemicals.
A year long trial at a Brit-
ish hospital in Southport, Lan-
cashire is to be published soon with
very promising results for a wide
range of coating applications used
on medical equipment, implants,
catheters, sutures and bandages.
Trials for in-vivo appli-
cations are confidential, but Neil
McClelland, the UK Project Man-
ager for Nanopool GmbH, de-
scribes the results as stunning.
Items such as stents 9 x 9 + 7 = 88
can be coated, and this will cre- 98 x 9 + 6 = 888
ate anti sticking features. Cath- 987 x 9 + 5 = 8888
eters and sutures which are a 9876 x 9 + 4 = 88888
source of infection, will also 98765 x 9 + 3 = 888888
cease to be problematic, he says. 987654 x 9 + 2 = 8888888
9876543 x 9 + 1 = 88888888
Colin Humphreys, a pro- 98765432 x 9 + 0 = 888888888
fessor of materials science at Cam-
bridge University, commented
that liquid glass appears to have a And look at this symmetry :
wide range of applications and that 1 x 1 = 1
the product looks impressive. 11 x 11 = 121
111 x 111 = 12321
The investment opportuni- 1111 x 1111 = 1234321
ties for this latest science invention 11111 x 11111 = 123454321
seem endless - buildings, vehicles, 111111 x 111111 = 12345654321
appliances, clothing etc. can have 1111111 x 1111111 = 1234567654321
dirt and germ free surfaces without 11111111 x 11111111 =
using toxic coatings or chemicals. 123456787654321
111111111 x 111111111 =
12345678987654321
See this Absolutely
Amazing Mathemat- IOT Intruments:
ics !
By By
Irfhanna Ameer Subbulakshmi
2nd year,ICE Pre-FInal year,ICE
1x8+1=9
12 x 8 + 2 = 98
123 x 8 + 3 = 987
1234 x 8 + 4 = 9876
12345 x 8 + 5 = 98765
123456 x 8 + 6 = 987654
1234567 x 8 + 7 = 9876543
12345678 x 8 + 8 = 98765432
123456789 x 8 + 9 = 987654321
1 x 9 + 2 = 11
12 x 9 + 3 = 111
123 x 9 + 4 = 1111
1234 x 9 + 5 = 11111
12345 x 9 + 6 = 111111
123456 x 9 + 7 = 1111111
Want to know the level of water
filled in you OH tank or the ambi-
ent temperature of the room in your
mobile phones? IoT can be the best
solution.The internet of things (IoT)
is the network of devices embedded
with electronics, actuators and net-
work connectivity that enable these
objects to collect and exchange data.
The current scenario poses data in
all spheres. Proper Information and
Communication Technology (ICT)
provide a platform to accumulate
the information and store it for the
future purpose.Sensors play a vi-
tal role in acquiring real time data.
The smartness of the sensor can be
enhanced with the use of micropro-
cessors and communication tech-
nology. Thus smart sensor comes
into existence and is preferred as
the integral element in the IoT.In the
increasingly prevalent environment
in which almost anything imagin-
able can be outfitted with a unique
identifier (UID) and the ability to
transmit data over the Internet or
a similar network. One implemen-
tation of smart sensors is as com-
ponents of a wireless sensor and
actuator network (WSAN) whose
nodes can number in the thousands,
each of which is connected with one
or more other sensors and sensor
hubs as well as individual actuators.
Smart sensors enable more accurate
and automated collection of envi-
ronmental data with less erroneous
noise amongst the accurately re-
corded information. These devices
are used for monitoring and control
mechanisms in a wide variety of en-
vironments including smart grids,
battlefield reconnaissance, explora-
tion and a great number of science
applications. There are a number of
specific purposes of sensors, such
as measuring temperature, humidity
vibrations, motion, light, pres-
sure and altitude. A smart sensor
also incorporates software-de-
fined elements that provide func-
tions such as data conversion,
digital processing and commu-
nication to external devices.
Ultrasonic Sensor:
M.Nagimma
Begam,
Pre-Final Year,
1CE
Sound field of a non focusing
4 MHz ultrasonic transducer with a
near field length of N = 67 mm in
water. The plot shows the sound
pressure at a logarithmic db-scale.
Sound pressure field of the
same ultrasonic transducer (4 MHz,
N = 67 mm) with the transducer
surface having a spherical curvature
with the curvature radius R = 30 mm
An ultrasonic transducer is
a device that converts energy into
ultrasound, or sound waves above
the normal range of human hearing.
While technically a dog whistle is
an ultrasonic transducer that con-
verts mechanical energy in the form
of air pressure into ultrasonic sound
waves, the term is more apt to be
used to refer to piezoelectric trans-
ducers or capacitive transducers
that convert electrical energy into
sound. Piezoelectric crystals have
the property of changing size when
a voltage is applied; applying an al-
ternating current (AC) across them
causes them to oscillate at very
high frequencies, thus producing
very high frequency sound waves.
The location at which a
transducer focuses the sound can
be determined by the active trans-
ducer area and shape, the ultra-
sound frequency, and the sound
velocity of the propagation medi-
um. The diagrams show the sound
fields of an unfocused and a focus-
ing ultrasonic transducer in water.
Since piezoelectric crystals
generate a voltage when force is
applied to them, the same crystal
can be used as an ultrasonic de-
tector. Some systems use separate
transmitter and receiver compo-
nents while others combine both in
a single piezoelectric transceiver.
Non-piezoelectric princi-
ples are also used in construction
of ultrasound transmitters. Mag-
netostrictive materials slightly
change size when exposed to a
magnetic field; such materials can
be used to make transducers. A
capacitor microphone uses a thin
plate which moves in response
to ultrasound waves; changes in
the electric field around the plate
convert sound signals to electric
currents, which can be amplified.
Use in medicine:
Medical ultrasonic trans-
ducers (probes) come in a variety
of different shapes and sizes for use
in making pictures of different parts
of the body. The transducer may be
passed over the surface of the body
or inserted into a body opening such
as the rectum or vagina. Clinicians
who perform ultrasound-guided
procedures often use a probe posi-
tioning system to hold the ultrasonic
transducer.
Air detection sensors are used in
various roles.[further explanation
needed] Non-invasive air detec-
tion capabilities in the most criti-
cal applications where the safety
of a patient is mandatory. Many
of the variables, which can affect
performance of amplitude or con-
tinuous wave based sensing sys-
tems, are eliminated or greatly re-
duced, thus yielding accurate and
repeatable detection. The principle
behind the technology is that the
transmit signal consists of short
bursts of ultrasonic energy. After
each burst, the electronics looks for
a return signal within a small win-
dow of time corresponding to the
time it takes for the energy to pass
through the vessel. Only signals re-
ceived during this period will qual-
ify for additional signal processing.
object detection, clear label detec-
tion[2] and for liquid level measure-
ment, applications that photoelec-
trics struggle with because of target
translucence. Target color and/or
reflectivity do not affect ultrason-
ic sensors which can operate reli-
ably in high-glare environments.[3]
Passive ultrasonic sensors may be
used to detect high-pressure gas or liq-
uid leaks, or other hazardous condi-
tions that generate ultrasonic sound.
High-power ultrasonic emitters are
used in commercially available ul-
trasonic cleaning devices. An ul-
trasonic transducer is affixed to a
stainless steel pan which is filled
with a solvent (frequently wa-
ter or isopropanol), and a square
wave is applied to it, imparting
vibrational energy in the liquid.

Use in industry
Ultrasonic sensors are used
to detect movement of targets and
to measure the distance to targets in
many automated factories and pro-
cess plants. Sensors with an on or
off digital output are available for
detecting the movement of objects,
and sensors with an analog output
which varies proportionally to the
sensor to target separation distance
are commercially available. They
can be used to sense the edge of ma-
terial as part of a web guiding system.
Ultrasonic sensors are widely used
in automotive applications for
parking assist technology. Ultra-
sonic sensors are being tested in a
number of uses including ultrason-
ic people detection and assisting
in autonomous UAV navigation.

Because ultrasonic sensors
use sound rather than light for detec-
tion, they work in applications where
photoelectric sensors may not. Ultra-
sonics are a great solution for clear
ART CORNER:

By
M.Mohamed Pharsath
Pre-Final Year ICE
PHOTGRAPHY CORNER:

By
R.Aakash
2nd Year/ICE