eg velacity —acelesation,. fexce ye 9 Pa ty = _ ___ dexminal op = _lopl P | fein} ad ___ 9x? | Polar Vectors = veelor associated wilh a —_ | linear clixec tional 9 The__examples— of cee fone, hi x—_velocr} ye + agile | Axiol__Nectors = — The. oe [| [Oe] e | fect —cne—calle _ ee: t ecles cnt — face linear. Jum e le | Fa -examples — off —axial_veclons_ axe! texqne,——____ 4 ily —;—Angulosmomendum ede. Z | he “grientalim 7 {Zs feline Raghd = | Handed “Thumb ah Right Handed + 2. | Left Handed —Conardlinale —sysbem :[ars 2 = Bsilion Vector. of a a a | point e. cwith ccespec] tof fo, Cog Oo. —— — _ oagin—6 = x F [thee mn ons lle| Aton of V | __ — aa idion_ it ga i ee men: em — one pa —| “_-|en_a_peinl_O _as__sheron_ inf gun ——|-eesullant effect Ihe _sseedoxs ” ‘__| game __9¢ thal. 1 the hei __veclor sum Nf. © | Tk vector. ¥ us obfained — by — felling off — | Po _us! cansicee oe _yeclors#P_and_B ach Os ond _@ oe | co Abe —veclor 8 at he end of fond __d rawwing © | dhe ecto ro Abe begining — —of ft Op 7 : | he encl | | panes on ae (| fe 92 tes on at 4 |_| 7 We P+e@ =i A simile vesult td 2/28) o) oma 8 eet ees —of two ‘vectors 14 the i ere ie a She ae as_| ar c oF 5 poate = & oO ele; g;o)olere i | | 4 | eT, | | tt o Pyln | wo, | | ea re 4 |! = K, : | | | | | osmtion omen tp — seth te pee mnie — npc —_—--|, ee ee —4 te f| Sublvaction of - Neclerss Ss , ___| vector: _is ere fae Ond___em ve the same eng the bu} Oppasilechreelians [Re Be at hen, : —~¢ — Teo Fe-8 eae — 2 __ negative. a_Neclor A a tec fi some > \ {agi but eppesie cen + —S—— _1-R epee —— [hich shows had subdaned ogling fee Lo vector | Beale. 8 ij Same ag a oe uel of Voi ee” ee oo vectors | rouQi | raultiplied in __dunb _ ronnexie »—Le._Scolavly and. | vector ys These —-psecucls. ot _cliscussed._ sepealely orn he Scalar —‘Preducd —__ — 74 | + I — Tr Serlox. _pyeduct 108 a __|Neclors 2” ond 2B ab en jaf dha —plodied : a —9f— ahha of th —megilades — of tae —__ Ei =z Cosine —of~ He ag te Rei _ AB = “ARO = 08. 0G 09 iaeeee ——_| Thus, Scadage frocuet _ ff tee. f{ | weclors is We—— = CC a aT he aisden of the seh | Hence the pit id a 4 pecan live L.e.*_inelepencl: the $.___ a el [@losa (Qa o/ale | SR ie Noljsn — i <4 o ~ Bizthag anol 1 gag acaceseee ZZ. oe _Complea = # &. aye |} A Og —— = OR. eee The scalar - predgel A tive trechows us | fh pxeecluet— tee close cine. ete a —| eng h — ae ct the ether gg ee pe He a ——| -aeling 9 a oe tie — at : | Workdone = (Com © Pose a2 _Then fats Be] _ C(S)| doe Bala? cle Sune-2019 7 ——__ { Qusl A unit vector on __the x7 plan ah © | angle of _]26 toi th avespecs te f. Fu C Paral ir 0 © | beftveen 9 dhe veckens 7? =" a+ BA and Peat thf © | ill be 6a! find e ? : c |@__b= Ba )n_ © gol? a Gm => a n |---Us-o-bt bh Ws ah +bi | LI F Cc ja|© 2 | | | ag opayrye | | 1 ae a ina 1a) F eo Ef i Pate lob ; b> i a ~ a <5 | eo] ©[Samia Te 4F ef yo l = . 249 ef —Hizafiait = z Te a Gpalere as 44m a = 4 n= 19 —-4m = 19-l) = 9 7 amis + ds Sk __sul “| with & east td i é = LALIG) Cos bo a MlaPesg edt h) =v are ay bs Rah gle lo VAL | am = af mee lt. aie er | | Q] ©) O| 2] OO GS e os | Sn _sguacring both gicles = ~ ha? = bolted te = thm? +97 (6% =tb)m™ ~ 2 aie Sa BE 8. 5h foal 7] es bs G@eaqna ag 72 |a Bicea sow delclolclelcleluleleloloichlulelelolololelolelelolals lo eb bbCty | Mis songniducle is J7[I2/ Sinn, SF” : i ang ih ©} Rand B — © Gib | He clivection iy feular ; | 4p beth — peclons! al ond | — . pp j ~ Gib | Te fms —twith og wighh ff Thane system | - Let ft" be a unit eclor ee z _ epee Jo de both _weelowe A andl 8. © | Then a <_| VV saab: Jae) sina.) = aesin. fb —O = Th_sense. of his _veclax ? abn thas 4 < | pexpendinr— yd o -hand_ Zz BAM = BASnl-O).b = —AGSind.h -O) 2} O| ©) O| @| © | tus _ Pub = -bx —@ ot BAR Px scalar mognisucle eppal_steo dhe - the pasa mm_—6¢B—_ane is. nod | by eppabion2} ®] Useful —Kesulls = ___ Since IGE cou three mutual ot __| perpendicular unit____eelors _,_then- oo en W aw WN A = | ea Ge fe F = 2 2 | | Vector Preclucl Ex pressed ‘As_a_Delerminant=_ firea. 224 10K 2 8B) ——_—, —— jim - — e uy d a of OL —pazalle Lh, whos Ra <——|-adjacent se al Re hx 2ft3k and_2i ie ap an i st | let ex = j- ae Ap tapesk MN g-3) = Flere) hGe4) = 5h +l0f 2st _ — [AB ABI. VOPR ori = se | & Arex of Gselldogsam 2 distance Con-hR : \& b =P a 2 hg) (ONL) = (payee) Sine th) + —= OP x Pa rs —_ - | sy feePar fo AL Angular — Velocity = a ae 7 Let _asigiel —bedly be -veloli wy SES UG Ihre we Wa ey ghey ey Ve | a {the angular __relocit iS tahich___ol 7 isa Spector ard its m __| byw >enclians —_ er eccond) a Lids abivecdrcan is_pacxallel do. ns rseletion OA | et? bed Any.—..pain {| = Cspeed_af 0) - st Nelocity of: Pi do ond a. _| Hence [Ps Bx 7 ‘; og. tih June ~2o\) | Let Bond be be suoaolis{incl Yee ollmensional Bi vectors. “Thon the rn pone! of BT tha} Ja ofa) arta) Peter) (ote Pr ob tha’)a? | : oe rk at at (gal | tah shoo serhere 2? ond Wr mahich bene @ : ~ _ a _ __ + ey pponpenelicular cla a7 —|—-Se —ep ton (os -Jin_—Conmrec}. || Product ef “Thee veclors = (@)| Scalar “Triple —Precuel | eee = Lae ee) | _@ OB) EfCa# can 1-2 aE) ee. Thus. —— - f | [macs Pix?) a5 7 ss |= 1a oe &e = | lated 4-8 | poe Lae Cy G2) + Ay Lente = fin) oo rs Safety —— ae = Tos — 1 foes CBE = Tee (8ST. © _ Hake l= Ccare 2 exe) a Fat nel__ Cross meg _be latest dale ed_at wn)! —{ (Bx2) ox te sealer, i) ema a pied ch three a pel ear yneete ‘ee lppige faving velooe : Tet three veeloce 2 OB are leken “ena povallele= 7 tee PRE] e Base veg — Petz] 5) Vector [ri ple Prelit ocick + a peraillelaipecl ia. goto. Den al ——veckors tobe cop llanene—,_theit scalar _ Vanishes. Seesouer + _ =e = (aif. “aud. tpl) AL Chats — bla) (bsG— byes) — peepee eee 2 | = an eae OT Naar = [aul b,fo=bee)— "nthe baal ha), | = 4, Uoyee= bec) Th tLa, ah) - ~ hee £6; leagegi oe A EURA(RE)E Ansa | Te _equebice = plone tak eabains Wa pa 41 PHL, athe Rial, 8,2) ts eperd cde? ‘a2 | Na+sy 4182 220 Ab) Nae #92280 000 ‘eo tat Fy 42s sous td faut My =—3228d ea | aaa #O rina Eee i | se. a es bedleeenenneen eee |” PQ xPR 20 _ Pr- _or- of: = eel alagqatk = af, eer ea = | RRP gat mat | 2-37 +44 +k = t fe Pls Bethy Ete Ze) R [eta gy Ze) — - — SM) re Pr eae zea - _ 7 aE Sag Ba — —|__ Mag = 94)SS Fs 19) 9 Udak (a) = pfas i = a | mie WAS SU4y) + big so oa he fiekaeesd dace 3=o oo DURA Cy gz 2 reise [os Vat sy +182 2 Bro a as > ES Rat eT et ala@a Ty deat J tala h), Han Yr | | can he «i oP ee a (bya ee = 0 2 POR) PUP) 4 2? (aed be ix (eal) o Sales as bate i x fag) bt fa hae Sagi tgp = a GE ; | ‘ot __ ® 2 x (Bxe % = _ ee| Bel aE)a ee mae | [Res te PP (gl oP {$0188 9c eptin. oy. iy — Pe ee | SCALAR PRODUCT OF PRETO | Prove the felendiy — | taal (ent le EMRE) UE) top Cx). Ex ay 2 PYLE) 2 whe o JD det and tvoee can be ——— ue ek | Rt 2 ga Xoan ar ae 7 SO ST ann x Hat be eet 2. Ta Lf fia CP? BY (Re) — { & _ = a =I ~G Cf Ke — Seni, c a : _t ‘Tees _ > oan _ | a xy = ala dy a 7 ae ph A - - is «|. < “ + 23 4 ff "(50 Sebi ee _ axe. 39 “K . he a : I VECTOR TRODUTOF- FOUR VEC 1 a (ee) Jalen). 2] | 0 Bx tPxd?) = P) i - _ __ ie (4 Dol” — = | _ air: [at 2. (ek) xcexd) fies tn the Baldy, te xb cea DP) = Cas B) x8) ub tds a eS aed) (a sc = se tyae (ea) P _ :aap af a fee xd”). Jae [cea ¢ al, fan eked ergs eee ———— — foe Cae lnces Pad) ras i ~[Greometsical Snlerpeclation _ “ean (anal 429-10 ~—[enelude — te tay P lel A) ts a __ fev 4 ff oleestin of aa pee rig el Qn. phen | Shear — fod = — | CR xE) x UP xD) + (Ox Fx( Bx) poe BLES 3el| | Fron (@xe) x [#xB) a= ia e Ree tee ae (@eED] . — {Seer LOB Oe as oases 8 Re (een aY CONE B+(ACD)R & - 7 READ - CEP B)D _ BR | aE z 2538 Pe P. 1B Apt : - ete i eeme KY Neto in -shelght g— ee pt ar pail che a —{Biuen A be 4 = caee whese. ra cd tee “gi veces § se gta ge posing _ © TBivens) 4 and 0 Obs -gfven— ei if —_ | foriten »Yoctors _ and $ fe twhto O_|) ~ Sol 2 —_ : STS Hu vepurved equation of the Shaight line.“Theie ~? way These > FET -TGadilion_ of Tree i = be “Enea | Leb 88,0 be. Hriee =, Cte Hp - 7 i ies emt —shsighl tine —, TT ae po __| Sian a ai Gecfficienle—o} x op and tT 7 dirtlett (Deo a ae Te — = ~ ieee ME oem + ~ | Gen tone tte. -fainds— ce _foinls Je be Collinear = = |. __| an Coe fpicients. | Kf Nedor Guesion of — te est tie etd _| VN 2? Qnd_ - = — aa =r a a —f (eS Pe PP ET =a Opi = oc" +cP — = “r, - SY Ee_ fond pete _ 4Q [Shas —thel<2 cae a2 9B Vr STE | -ave_collineas +t beating —1 Sol | Ta —epya$in. = tT dO. — aaa sy #37 dnd) 26 49Bt- V7" fe — pe Bo ty-epende) i Pet Ct ¢aprtaent otter mor} rr 3 Pr dies om (D = es LPI Tf = UY la =z ere ae 7 —foareag ati (ltl -2f)=2) rate oa ag by ger ape dy = = (3b a’ ( Ear e +f sty _ a a or ne feo ae panel. Fomeget— : a Ete ad sa2 tt to tel —all 02 Dab apie mdf —— Hence tu —gfuen — Ore Coll nea. a | What 1s fo velr ayer oof ot sigh: : 1 =x ype : tL oe eof ek ts lo = i ey en teeny ~ aor oh Tonal pa OY Se ae g y ts f) f. = Bhi +45, + at ==) aaa) hy = ; I] Cedita 2 Fe Cats any $69 488 | | Spltg ae “eficiene og Of tel Pe gel fe ~ . 4 — . : | Ant? Jt) -arte, Joet oh C1 Oy oh — Huss —_- Sen pe = = Trek pos ‘ [7 _ - | C \ | | CIDIDIBIO I/O IG IO ICIS° | { & [or fame Differentiation of Nectore = —- Meh 0 eth eatn ond. Pe. ch =f ie pO ay St i a 2X _ Ht a be__the = mosilion = tole! at dhe a bie tee and > the 9 ae _ face Veeder — _ tf — 2 £4 6? a ene ee : = Pre HF $F! — os | BG $s a _wedler As S130, @ tende to Pani €} | PF cher! becomes the — tongent— ita eee _| mrs . faa th hin_= _ | | ae oe gt __ «| — | ~4e— aan verter fin the ~olix dion of dh. el es ra oT ifesenial —coaffict. ca anal Lar is Veal] @ ) ‘olend et at ie pan seas peek i the second _pceler —denivalie of —l4 ae ped sco th cle ob fy gehich “| | — is “along fhe far ~de is Alea df? gives < Gin vd Oe ded omOr{) > Curve ts oH = Slee f tangent 5f the curve. Neen ae file Tage eae ae —_|— 2p" ell. ——— | 5 age av dud . di Gi dz Y dt dt lt Ct i |e af eile flint ; —— 2 hepcmel A parlicle i de coe ee dey i |_Unid —dangent veedoreAnticlekwise or CountesclocKwiee iS th Positive direction of Hu auve. lt) = ae -a Sint! tTebdut? 4 a — = . | B= 2p? 2 te 4 ae a | _at t= | hen __ a +2 “| __t ar = 194) 2 ma #1}. + [stk AYU. 4e3 + [te 4. walk de eb i ae eee [5 F(R=2) 20 = Lette parallel | P2) tho Pis_p spendicules In 18-2) $2) Caaf OD = RO and Gab =Pa2 on which x Binding —-slalemenle —Le—daue. E i jedi [zen <=) ee nn eC ls | ond _ ae. Po. Pax ee _ C 5— ext bak ——______j c € COs Which of I. follawing relation a] peae). Bac) beexP4 =o | OAR AE EAE) CER = PBR > @ i tea’) p> pe OP 090 Ee > aso » bee i Sr a Bp ig rn No | Ole’ ov) (@ P) (Pa R= le @ P) qT = ote ACRE) CTAB) = CAR EHC a le © } Dy p SD) ye aPyey) Oe ie cB teeta) A cath} <0 _ Pee) x PAD) € a 5 = ofS ei a= Ae) a Se DlD 2\r = wy SEP E 6 HORST 5Ee 3-2 TR TT ee | Bo fab) (Pxe’) Bae) Cail 2 (ee). [fh (exe eM (BKe) WB xP) lt Ra 2s — — aba par Me eae ae. ety lag — on. — |b sdacataht Oi having asin or ape gabe eet In, hod at ——| ups Yaw a UZ; x ex, iellar to_ ee adn, apa BAR. © ere pe SN 7 ae a FO — — =O a beac ee | TB fe de Pe) Te | ep da Ta ets — pl an Qnlawns_ |e a Rk ieee¢ pal find asl a vgclore. recippel—p — Hany eal! follesctng et ales 1) ti-g-2h) Baty oe ee Ptvec} to Hfee verdar =) CaP rae — @ (Bal) ayojaye I | I | - ___f ac cacpompaje2p —a : eps Ab-| Ad A fas cmalant —mognitugle —shoa—thar_A__< | a} ard_ob foe pf Es fo each other Blt ae On) >) ut | __ fr. f= Fd) —_ 7 - 2 4 Ct so. — — . ~ 7 7 at anal $9? is dank J. Bry 2 ee Cx tol + bi ot § _ : | —} fe AwSinwt | + Tudenkg 0 : (pA. XE) wort t (atx b Tosa a {| —=-w fxd} Lostobt Sntue | — of ib Si Tf oe C] cs —ben @D. a8 = = pk P= 00 Ore L i bu tonwt of — -qQ—— an == uw 0 fosiobi +b Sn wt) es Coeyen top Pe gual } he ar Hele _mouss__#0 2th) ils pain vedlor : : al sueloci ty Tapa alice j expendizulaa— | Rie —arcelesaies 3, elixecded Iewarole dhe ann ond ha ade ppc a _dlistante oxtQin. ci a # = Garda) sper der. € “eal im 2 = owl Te sinat $5 a ee Vad weartre tite Gia Re [ow prot Pa werot pf }e {eon fesong af ; eee swt o | ee. oa { _ © L . _ : © | Sa ve claci of dt particle ta perpendiculaa—_ S se to t 7 : os J emi. ts a— ae i =— oT = -W'Gawt | ~w Siawtd — e 1 _ _ _ ie e = = 4 yyy _ P ¢ Le po Le t | mae wally —_ ! ‘ IK | 5 Erase oF = 12 : | Re mage yx Gnd_oce yt ) dire” i 7 Se Been ty eusned € La ssigin i| = aGs Tab Snolp 222 Ve = _Wabiniet 2 FwGao ly 2 —_|% 9 0 papi. |i vr | of 1 : + _[astrvt bSwt Oo - =F = ___|-wa Spot buGiot 0 | _ oe ee =o ; _ _ a Ve: =o} = fe =o) fbb att) _ = [abie-tiniat) ) _ _ = oe —| 25 fe —ok fabw (cst t frtat) | : = : 7 Y AV = ab “_f — | 2 PAP Independent | eo an slant ee tor: alae co aie ssh BIT Patel lee) -20e.2) DV AE) AP = CCR ET - RUReT a_i at -UAn i ae = 7 xmPa) Eg — eae «lia lan + a xT) o q of =D fp.) [ip rapa a — =P way ¢ a (yn) Bea) : E — p pean) = = —_ = PA — < | FORTIUAF OF i — owl d (FG) = dP dg © Ht __dt dt _ ' SlO1O[O /8 |@ /& | E Nt a | tos] | > S R. e b— ls Q) oy OLSNoval Veclor = | Sait fengent Becton tangent Vector dt Magrihae? Tengen & tangent Veeler Vee 1 | * | Solar Boel Yeclor— foint_ Finettens:s= — e 8 eld = = == : ae = pcb sen Wap Fh 5 Ab) Seale Gin int uncdtan.= nee = ied (2 4,2)_4s is «| —bealled “a Sta cola p atad dion f fm eee fades — ba scnlar wlth _L- otf (roe —_ | Ae clenperodne lls dof] Pa CS, i —|-densily “< oly an foleatial luda __ ee nya ty — ore ha at tie ter Loma} —fileen rb | dk eof 4 _yerlor irmales — ne fag led Say “Fee joni 0) Ee nelon |Fas avecter & esa tor Veloy + Veclor operas: kT Grzselfont —of a ~ Scalar Field or Scalar =: ° & | deneled by 7. Mi deli ne 5 T a _ ; a Ds 2. p23 k = _ ead 7 ON OF __ oa poate eee : c. mannidude n cou uf tn Ae ade ha _ hange. of. $ taith —_dlietence _-) grey te asl afar — : Hs__lfseclton i —_alang — 7 fh Seuel—ssuroce¥1 eel _ Pirface ea the value Le fy inching —— js same al b all f° ints. wo | clone “an atmge— = Faye Cap \ eurface. ral General. Epuedion = eo 6 ke ee mall - Constant. [Laelia .. a &i a aceroce yr? _ Le . hw 2% ca Pe at a (at be ns _ i: = Ol sty ye? yee os _ ‘Leann fae fine= eke a | Pay, 2) = Py 4 yz" “geen —s} @ =| tle hawe ate define a Stalax axe glimodiendoe a ne aleng Sn, Nz divec™ of neymal Surface, Sn: Change Tin clistance aleng nevmal jo the Levef Surface. [Adin lle Han set = Goel. Level ~ en eC — _ t § Qu — Fafa y= — _ co $ Grslaph ¢ | nlhod Jee ecole - Nexmalveclor 7 _ ‘ wo [eat pee mol Velo yd ON ae ———— tsi Bune = 2077 ~ _— _ : a | Bed _ [Ha unitnenmalveror at the painl [1 BS) o ee 2 3 hg a eee aioe aed oe pet Sy * ae Cyl bePtcaftonk (ho aVabgack ! CMT Pe eet fon ticts® Zs c 2 4—€ _ e 9 C@| biscdeale (oly agak & Teta ag etgt ee Se a datetey e {= | Cg) 2 Se =a | cep Seat —| C : in 2 co Se _ ~ > 4 he oT = - = ae XZ = ay QA 22 aa — e) 3 qi! fy yrs C : _ ra - cram Ve — Ee wt Bat gn fee — | ae _ fo KI alert - ee aoe = oe OO es _ a Se Cag tah _ 7 y 524,54, 0%2 /_ oe< Jew behoeen— the G r ane x24 ponte af ths id ise (a) cif} 4 : oof al er tt ae ares [te : n ps2 faze g 2A 4, & by = oka ie ace mem yaee £ — : i a 4 g | Ge é ‘ & ee 7 i e | 6 b 5 ¢ 7 | © _ . ct eo a é 4s |a PD frechioall. Derivative. fe fe the ey Lb dtectim of — Fate ag, — the Pai he ome 4 Sn Se a" ear oe D.D2 Yo. oo _ ee Jo Ope ee eayok _ as of ae ai — emp NO E a FE HAL |p: me between, Alan A at an acide ——}—dec.uirs___ aling, to oe ee ———— | —Devef Btesface — cand Voluy_is— tl, ic = [ha what —cixechion le ba rate ma change ¢ i _ \ wh. Ke ff mas“Tthel fe fs muactanm ake eof change of 4 Z ze] _ aoe clint lag hie Th =o pera Ect tpaelis Flae) —— {_sla = x Tt L= 0.8). weit anal gonna ata Oa °$, OL OC] GP O/OITIOJ@[C |e/@ IA IO [C/O Ie |e |Divergence > Vector Lines Spreading oud e yee an vecdox_ fae oe = +. vet mide a scenes 2 ft pen oth “Eanes | ‘nlf nil siz oll volume tne tuclace Tig Gnfi pis er vhs. ar amar£ ae al = te Ouhword Plax |vedor Ines an parce | =a) aera Sm aE eR | a ~abusecals | PF = —Vve 2) Inwerxl fl) tos fines vad? | hl CICIPIQISIOIOIS IO IG IO IO { I HN | h\ \ Pa NN | oe ie Ps i | mI Paes 7 a al Hee berg tha ewe fh nit | Me cbr. 4} ere tan the wa fielel fae COLO] SPOS IS 1@ IOI OIG 10 19 (LOLA FO PT ITO i2 ‘ : sin Fae Vet aM, a pW soe TCmstant a SW ae [fecal Cra _——— > Atmel. Pee Pe Y. luv) = (eu uC war) +e a —— Sx Oy as me f eh 1 = _ ;STR meilade - Cel of Vesta tal ee lard os lake pt ( | Vectex 2 panding.. ee al cE Te election tae tc a elof = r= c Pty — t— ep © a aH ee © — — IS & PY =0 ZKV'#0 PrV #0 & Teter, no volaltan’) — & © a) ZalWeV) = Vx t VxXV _ € ia _ b © >] Ve tuv) = (wxV + Ulex’) P € CA Px so 5 Vrrolabtomnal Ped ow. c — Censenvalty I ‘ ‘ = A a 2a a : (a ae en p oe — _ Es ia) __| aver apeneliant + colar CoSeiate Le© ot fey] 2018 - saul | Prove thet F : 4B} © [re (ily. 2 fae x gee Zl js (sine? a ee (eT os ea] = Ben) 2.4” yt) VOT) a of ee aa q 7 = 7 (8, my _ ap wt at a _ = L it 2) xe an 3 — el _— ss tna nl | _ reapinl zlae a na 7 -_a c wife pote = Ph ana a oth > S PIRZ, SSL ZI afl} preee 1. ae rt E}}. = as SS Par = Ces nx ef : 2 = lee € = a yt Z Gof _ Abs. bes = a) iz 2 eas _ vector then = _ = > ar vinx) =a | Vv x(axF]= 4a’ J ©8.| Pine the _altreelien —desiyalfve ¥ dhe Scala a = sey) ot hb geld fp, 1,=1) & [bey of chien hauls whe The Conk rs SS 7 cay ht toil be Hs os! em yrz— ay e ie o- pe te : [oecaepatk aa eg ol ey 1A) __ F e a a OE ee 7 ae Ad Caeeo _ ee qt oe - wpede 3 os ann — Ee } Meee perp nS pee rer ae ae = — aa Cal —}-+ = 8C f= aera * fe ta — = Q : rei at py vif 84 = i —— sleet Alon ae AS “ea pag haye iy BEE Gap) 4 (eal) | Ss feae = Qu ee a 2 Bu ZU 3 2a Bye 2 => =i ee Pe pei Gi oe = 4% = 422 5) <— ¥ pz Gaz =J2=2 tf [uy a ee ass lean gives tla & = Tak il ad & | san Hexe fs iy _the pile ge. o/ 4 “t Anal | © | bab n_above—$-cpualtnd e of 4 _anal cbreates! eee Sm ee ee e sent thes _missine = and fot Larry): & wp es -p (% De Aa 3 DAS G2 qoade | a a des, mal—— Mel ars 2S fam thal te Jangen* ful _ + elien ro £8 at iL. Ms. =e latiwssne AT bean ga se | (A se 422712 ___(d)_X-# im = 2] ___af Seth eas oF ~ —— air ah a ba Sa tb zat Shh. — - a Vee) = | Here = (aa). ae (y-2) 7 “Ey (e ae =a _ hs Bye) ayes ee | ai a arta a Tea isl: 24 Piast len tan) pal ye) 4 22-9) =o ——s| alee Batty tZZ-=— 6th +8 = 9@ 2ofcl re ae Veer @ anal Fs a 2h ‘ mle Car) - La i ay cevpce. REE]. Gee hen = ee oO foevsr3%5) Caja ROT) iw daz we) 4 = ya) C Lge “AG ae ag =I an a,t4]=4 faa, ae} fafa 1 ot Bal + 20,9 +20) _ eee — fal (@P) 2 = 9 Rf} F | ti —Kitint =e > @ gra la? vy) = 2Vl a7. D. _ 6 — RP Qae rey: aaa 25% — =. ae = tTe{asts even) a —= eS eg — ——= TS sitctomn 3 Fay Second 4 Bietemnt — div [(a, Lia tie] ce —Z Caerye yy ra after — PF ne =? Quer Pt 3 (4 aX Oe) ©} Fa. *) = a 85 -ecemd slatemad 4 ener Oates i ot cht by2 2a: 42)X x : waked Hay $27 2eal. Oab2t VO) fabs + _(CLa =2h lel) Sat h-g ‘ Sef — hea ye a tas c fre Gata 734 =o ct fps Blast bya Dale sigan pn + ota: aby: aa? vi [2am = acal Eat Byam aoe (v4). sq ee eed sexi) | 7 ——_ ~ q. | __wi = 2leeyez aT aia — fale . a f fe aa 3. pala a h - 7, & Vb, Bay’ + 9a2 Fe az k _ | & : 2 | e_| (ve). [eaten fa ov) meow E € 7 T+1,2 ot aa | 6 Iva) = =oT tsp azl | © TTX one) sal CG “Ta i 2 é- 7 a Hef ae—= ey saab tual seal) — fee soy afta S Tomine, +4b -IG -0 > Ate 2q¢b) =eQho [ SUAVE Z “gs atyyt a2” ck 2% _| HA wih ays, are pe ~ elt, < [hee] = lhe] | ey Aly PE pee pak yey he iy Ph ae o5— ~-- (aCab Prove that, i -a-gaigid Ps aly_ts aeling | with a cams tla _yelicily, then 2 ty — ‘nen: itt } tnd af a i it Angulo tee loct ty - pa er oa Sp RR ———_——. ma Ide hms that Pxla PA. ?) = 2° whine G” & | a Gmstent vecter. : = _ jet VAP = Sx(8ayr) = 2S? im hetoz wo i Cmslant__uecler [you'd A! —_ = 4 walt and axe itseladimal fn nature, | then ax bP will be - er © @|_jvmdedianal 4) “Salenoidal 1/ (2 eJatimol £ \\ © |x. ZereeR) B(PrA-A (Vee) c 9 8 eB n_ 8 & 2 oO : 4 & So ft s) sallenaidal - S G _ a pease am GC ‘ - | G Gape offen © _Neclors ae fo! = Fin = i Ge. veokge ao : __ ce F ee ae Fry aunt veeler =e |e totem = paae 2 fe fier A108 -« ei anni Ae aft the flere AL cue : A= tathare lice a ec aa ert we dln inelegradion:= (Set fS ee [poe a ae ee - pee “Han Ppa fry de — = oe fb = Ply ey 7 pan ~fody: ft ial ie i a i fate | Hera haa fa bape o_ ae rn salad — aH lt — pao meal fet he = 2_clsees of ae Genalf dtc mn Le = = Pi Fo SLOVO 1S Pe € v I | = pole m__—_omred Goinaens de ind | a on. Curie. anck sad) i thin thes 1___ Curve, +}os ae Sey laf Pe tla a cau i tae -Eurve | Ee es 4 Fag) li he are 2 a) aced (ye ri —(O_#7 fal pedo Sel) i} = Aten ~ bar rete ore)? _ — “AF xo =a 5 “eal a8) Bout tte? _ | jp Fatie_= (say- Ge )det ley teldy “; | oS _ SS te cca |Eoeoree Cra, abs Fake fy) eles = Jeeale ee fe Lie al | es fa tae] S “ff ey =)2 ea — = H HE Dit he : pat ei ti ~ SO SP Str 2 ee ei he fps an — 'ar ee ieee Fp (yess Cone] _ Teli 4 Hy — ck iL c ar 6 joan Lots Cente ods th : rama ak 7 vesse__ fn ee Clee kin'eeelix aL & (a) Ob) & Ce) Bx. (A) iba ae QO ~ @ a = (yaaa)? +{ant2y) 4 fo fea Fara re = oc laevag dus 9 Sinadl® tary Quni)__ oe “yess — tip Ala db S| [rare serene) 2 { (occas i | i : a axe i oCapodp + behets G _ ~~ e 34 ke € : a af nt af aoe =I +1 forrede I c cane <— re Enviado — an afi us ous ff olde _ L = = [o> IE g [é + fay 4 == OK ara ls 2 SR amxe an-oF [7 CAA ef Abste = (+620 aa lh ef =(29 soppy a 34 Iabhon. ce. Ut de - a feel | om 7 pale A i Han Ye shel ——|-ppnatie. ft rian | eee abr 6 Te _ ame “| e ——— Sse male Palle = 7 —- -Af aleng a Hine ‘f a, y both Change ten A ancy arn legendend - Se we find velahim between © tum. e f — as R23 andy bok change aay 7 = — af tetas a ee ah ere POSEN ATAD- pT Testor Sst C a = 7 3 Be @. aan q ¢ So (2 Q + QekRt+ RP - © © 2 ¢-13 +s — ee _ eT — rn = TL Aas oe ; =7 F rag 7 eal P’= (sad eq)i' + (y= ze) (zt) h c far : | Alling —ss-4an-iphd in feem [pip 2) Salas & fl Bene) 5 d-h zn dt (oe ‘ [ey da ee a\c tao to)ord 2, den 8) acces May | [we tonrT Drvarygnr tin ry eg a outa te (=3,-8,-4) i Mo. de 22€ woreens ; DP )ne Cb y a est —H calls hati = t qa i 1 tainy fae = 2A Soe Cte Hy arse! alte’. | in} . ple clesert beol Lip onal chic lielan | PE esl a on” nt x aye Lars} a € Be LOA, Ae 7Einp ore, © = Cad ; das — Sing ~ CG Y* Sne oly = Gse _ _ _ { ~yola +x oly _ a de KAY 7 gd fe € * : é = be F wne (Sibslde + Cre tov oale © ae 7 | & = file: fe], 42 24 uy | e_ |. SS © Bud tf fale tail _ 4" 7 pt ae ee eSool (riven U8) = cgi th le tohan 4-2 and VUletoman | whin f= 3 Show thet Peat Bnd EAS ; oe fl) = apa i Fs ers ahesh- Bho 3 sre pa, ice pepledes za - any — vector — Mat fates def ptae by Spee x 2 apes wit e ch teptk! ab ar. pack wit 2) | a — ame pl or — > = 7 ct mia ea = faith _ _ — | As. _ ee ol Hf B= Tafoq ht, Hide geal Pad = wale ote ON Ts aa 6b Yy *y ~ ——-— qe ae (abe tab) (e) alae) idl nma 2. all. Pay Lt oxy my [i vane) a b Ral- Toda td oF a , terb ¢ 2 Slekes _thessrem _ t+ a 7 eae he tt) QE] O/ B/O[O [EO jaye jo (eB io |e |eh Jf, Rea? = F lux of th vector fielel A thraugh th ot; Surface & __fe a. ins LT... Taper vector ona. of gx 4___Chos' et} } Purface ~—Thkegsa fm a _ al - Jace. indteattng — He +Veoltree”¢ SSE hemarat ft 7 Wwe ae fo mal a Ms 7 _ of a ‘ein OS _ t € ye ferjechon of ee in Aya plan = altohy a = Sa eddy =f ri | c c Se a 7 ~ ds ay plane's. dive - 7 sds (AR) = dosed aie lancl-ereq— a — $ve Feo eal. =i +8 a Cadleulate Jjithae— [8 ie et a sue zi ple —tm 8 tha the 4 — ee Sdn By the 22 as ~— o —4-—-- 0 — f= Ys Brie 4 ehh ___f= 7 | An = 36 (12-24 - 3y) whan ByY __&e _ _ 7 FRA ees - —— co i ee ‘ [[@dds = ff k= Be _ dewcly = o_| Oe oo fae femeapety i= we —alrain the 4. a piel fo i xy Lane. : . - 7 “t ta | ns © ae { G Za $8y 212 - 4 ome | ent ree Coo (4) c | t-2 zy Py © | 4 Van fim oto L2- 2a Ete en! 2% 4392] fe & | Aes line a & [or ue J ahreaal Oo. £ 7 wea = SF eligi eo tn ” _ave . _| c be gxV, = 12 = ol GO 2-12 . —— S B= — - | e 30% yar. ym ot ¢ _ / eo $ [zn i & Dy | t | __ i = i {b=2— aleclay _re 122 ae Zi =) J Thy ~ aay fd — _ a | 5 ae ga) aal Cage) [ae + fe a a ee a Haye ial S)a8e— Ss 3, s ee Tee TE [ye ee eT 35 £4+e—216-——— — SDs Gazi ep ageh TUE ge = os a Min cube babdoled be “ett foe} —ten ysl, 220 sil r+ Paks flow (221 alam) a a 4 oe ds = olacl — ___ eB fp HH yz ae 5 dudy = J [ret pongbas ee ——- @ all LE o- __ [Ppt ee a a iv 7 - | eR bc. 5c Allome (= a yaad | | 4 [<9 — dbz ada — aang a ea HH a4 | eeaqaenqd Bi all FAR oy ok f =f LEP mn er =aWL] OPS ¢ plan (20 Pli) feo dss dud aa je deo} mel be Siar ao re a ls Siri face ee Las, (Sie —s al xt ia GL MF tack NX Faas @anae _ | nis _ Panty? _ — _ ait i SS aes a S! otsky Se Sea - — fa Sarr role? ~ = > - | fe rls = 8 Sfde = taaS Ta? I] Sia > gna’ Am 9.98| Fis volun. af ht _patitin afta eylfingler feat acten? S between! tt. “ells ah ge -| e| @| oF e| 2 479 | fp pa 4 Sale | eenedq @ 14i = on =r SH fic vale a fla 7 Asll MA ga vie jeje, the, fh — tele of fl er alee LO tune” cufth 20 _opftaal ite Geawer Cor nent J [at (0,0 ano_¢1, |, Pare eas a a sly = . = Gj}; —3. eee 6 __d) 2 . 4lg oe Re 4ezl = Fy yek = be hae = TT TeA ay BIRIALAIOLmioy: € {Op™y e.2 i*| “s|° ) a ik 9% 45) (2, siden felling — yecter _[i pee at. ZLait—44 f | ee Paap ~ & ere a Ve, eee( ap 2 te — ERIE _ ef win ay ~J fyi ypGi] ae ves] cf Beale abe (ob) Ps ao aa ancl 4 ab? (at?) um [Sphere = — 4 | Volum 04744, 04942, 04 622m | jee e200, 04047, 62492295 € | Nemifs phere a ee ee jo tin Feqt —}—__ a ; Sr — Vere Hemfsbherre = fo Ae A Ycplan Meluna'- Oo 2 ¥4 |of£0¢ lq, oF : Surface een —b-£$len- IM Clajcqjejajerejeyaio ace~ Lancer Hentai = EE a 04720 ,A428 24 fj = _ {ei 9, OL O2Ap SX \ -osge aape ee € 7 jpeeyd= byPdo a) ft Pel apclie _ = = jee des dalt hs =a _ c pape fod ty? foot gy Se . = [sek Qyttg2% a tes Co] - {fh 3 (atiy?4 2%) oly - € J d £ Lo aa s 7%n6 Cog __ co é Qs oe Sine enh _ e_| [ Cpe She 2 ___} c \ afty® 42% a _ : e | aides \faedu a 6 & 2d oly dO. : “ae 1 enabled ff — < _ =} a & : oe &AL Cylindeal —G=odnake =[Gist Goclank'- < _ = 8 a _ nes 1 $ x | lejeicielo ° WA 1a RN NO [x fe: | “bp -OSSa-g = POSS | Of ze We a aeer a rg | rr eal : | | 1ei Bag oho, eee ee A<2 | 233.| Clube tet. [ux of Pla i Sd” ‘elf F=4tal Brus tk! Holl \cunded ‘by = el a _Z.P =< nan =e Pyptce ve diffe 9.88ing 422), 8decpel> — wf pf Pattie flferrdets = erm a ee =e ios EE = EXE RIAA - on UE AL AER — =. Voie LBA —| ___ 8+ Apr Eee | beet LL5 ¢ aT “Stokes —|hearem = | “Tits — fs hearer _fs a Spe a a ee —O_ Staple --Chasen. —Cintve_0dael__, aes Vee P © | with __condinuones oleae lince dP mac) Je_tune mans Ju Cus e whieh Pier inierseeding arn gg 5d oye mae Saree youre) | 1 | | é c a tie 7s e Px | ASE 1 oft EB as + Ar fea 4 pe a ec | p | @ Tar gee oe c yA © A Vey Soff -dl ave ame a ed ~ aS °[fito — 4} Eton 2 fo c é a = Pa (r ¢ sof > peeeneenneneeeeee Piaf erie ~ é — a © [tr all ts atelpdedd te Pah’ — | oP calles! — eerouladren 0 | eS verde field a. tAck. 4.35 ane “pi ee teal, Lia) 099, (0,2) fh Hu Bache) XP Ld& there P= ($4-%) ftxy 7 Hew hans —_acecdan, lag free lh ye pb — Sal" 50-3 9 —5 9 Te B= (ganty Jin el ayant. eee ee — Se — a E _ 1 : 4 2 2 = é a 8 aT 3-4 _ er are. co _ __ t 7 thems Pm) 1 ake Qaz-2) — Se ml jh 20) + esol =F _ Hak = [yee we=)i a2. faz a =aee Cg. e | 9 =? i We Ts J- _— cf jx Be Oder: aan + nna feos onl a ples af g | column Hee = mxn a | | Repsesentai = Or 4 — Column index | Row Elena lhexe 144m | et OIQI@IOIS Apapeicyo aegqececoeaee | } | s | Wy ; | | eon | L | | | WN, h | | RB | " | Rey ||| > | och | “isBr B= ot f (ih | iy ie OS .> ~ _ Ay Orn : Az] 81 ag |b, ny 7 — a - = ft a | some__. meanieg—sohan— an aly, thon — ~ | matrices: SR UGae matsice Se | AL makcin. tehth 4 net a sy re Las pas — techn matrix. amire Jy than the —number of -vewe, | uit ie cael hori madxix. Thue. madare 7 pee —cmnlex men Suis —hasjzental_moduix—tohen D?-m,, Tn_—case numhex af arose mere than el | th, number Lt collnms., eet se ee itl to Y stertical —medri ae fo flow —[To}xix : = _matxix Foe one gm lancl_ mn columns, 1 is seutel_ ea _madyix, | Thue _a__ matrix 6 x _tAn_ [nme adscix or Yona perder, Ie is tonitlen o | ted Can 219 Ain) OF. Oy. 40 Sear = ates —— — [ng order nen nxn calleel Pe. tah gu: i Grineijanl_| And a *y = ae Sg] _ _ [Ale ai nud ~* S oe if O. ON £2 6 oO pau (o_o _ © | Each. ebemen} — of this._malsia_¢s_giuen Toe Unit Moadsix. F | _ ; i ty ~calleo/. | unit _motxtx. anel__i'e __“aleno: _I. | | Obvionsly ke it ts_0_Spuare___matrig _TRawing unit elements i prone! taal on feacling [dln anal ssa —alemen> —ouenyishela cles. | “hex afore —Ci, gj) element _of nid! madi / x, gives age _ ) . f. = ott te ~ { QOen 9 |-I\o lo kp4.) Revioclie Matrix + 7 = é _ ee ae ma) stx flere. Vrahich aR sai, ne do he aaa | mada ond fensd pas q v —-setif as. Hisfyng tg i Y _ fen ee _ psi CO Sof this _pexiodl fei by _ =f = — a =A }- a — __ there Ke period —of—madyia =P to.| Tdempotent_Mlodxix t a [ee gp __| €ither —Ialzo or Ia-rleo Singular 7 —|Idempolent moda ill he erther a —poiegilae —enadete ax —a—tnn sting dare G | ante madyn'x _ ee ica 5 Here A uy a_Dlifpetend © —matria_of order} index e i[Tavalidary _Lhtrix Ta% T PPrPepe es t fp: TS 5 Aa] | | | P1OIGIO[F I> | Ins pl —» 3s. ] 7 @ Inverse [ 4 =e)“3. Transpose— ee Te rt 5 Anta] - ed | eee _ A= [l-3r oO) = nt fs gf ——_}=x5 (a ) sp Qo —t2 fas)"= BiA — _ € 7 Qt =O oa 13 Smmelniz—Malvix [Real J =Guy | Ihot is the number nan — syed —_motrix 2 __ fe lea f : = Number of indepenclend = J ninsl). ee oo | a é oj =O pF faye Ey,7 — _ Pf — 7 _ — a alecay Reed = (A) “Tee . - __j-€ a : _ ei | =4 ee wo Nena a eh “Skee a ~-rmedacte_ independent! _elenun! o: skein Sy momed ac nm ats = prenat)— by sk =e 6 | Hermitian — Plabetx Aid of symmetric malin Coat tate. i ob tinct, | Assume + 7 — ee a _ fo anise| minimum o; geod elemenle =a) ey =e mate eoill a FS Ren Ot. Adi Hesmidian_Maty ix! = layejarer apron |e socpope aseTrace = Sum of th P.-E. Ts(98) > Ts (8p) Ts(AtB) = Tr (A) + Ts C8) =) 20 a — oe |The“ minimum dumber of real elements _ Lunn __genem) “nxn sla herman — |? made eeoitt eT iyero:” ee °e fain foe _ fade fA er L734 44 6h te& liglnaldues Ls vie port of re/F 1) (a2 b) sz? loins 2 & te at 5 J bl: [ubylgors. (e. isl a i. ) (a(4@ ms me Y) zk 14124"An |_matxix__can__be- lin as cum of | syinmetsie and Arndi= symmerie matin. eck [A= 1 fasaT +d faq £ ee = g Panic syomabaic. ad Symi tate ; a _ | Lag tT = “ | Be (erP")= 1 -2 ate) bla-2) —? 9% [ bla-a) eI ab Ee — EeeT ini 2) sala 2 —_aba bless] Po ft RL blaeey toy te a2] 8 alata (arth Be - 9 eab= 2h iL bet B 7 _ a [blo-2 Lo fina — opti. a J(ee 12] ator) (a-1) 2usgail - A and Bnxn_ _Seuare Symmetric. matctees , an hen AB_will be symmehac_in_hatue- “Tost tay Fane ane deinngulen lb): A and QR bath om_nan Singular 4e_| A ond both Commute £9 (d) Aand 8 beth andy ~commuyte. gh) eee tt) Ar) me mme meeceee eeneeee e eeee Pe — Oe See _ iT = '2@A 2 Aand a beth Commute.c 7 naa a jo 5 Lbs A, a 7 : [et te) Find erg (Gots “st : Ss | recy (Beta ree Sina Fng fx Cor | oe . + Sino Sip Hi 4 pues cu ee ee ere ETT eae un el ie | eanAD Gs (e- F) = — =e 5 —_[ ac) =f) —— _ (ena ee yr a ets satel ote cl —£ pose tk analvix Q1AG ib Hermillan in ralurel » thee f sig en is true? (M Aino a B is.o_hexmitian mabix. © te] Ay a skew hermijianmadsixld) 6 ij 4 skew hermifion | motbr'x fine O°AG ts hespition = o nl e _{ ae 96 — 7 Gas) = wae —O & lac a and GD — & b ate £ eA Shine pin @ i ed js ¢ G & = = e | _ c _ on - == _ | e I e i @ - — ~ 1 @ . Ie ce | . | c _ | ‘ © c ; = = z - _ = €‘Vy * wl ui Gin, Ww gr Je foes ee ApT= ATA sy — 3 At: qu ee jist) )) | ee Re cc Each. cow oneal each a n 0 aE ‘o) um of aon | medrix sia ama frill na An Lee hag xX . | each) adher Tt a [na ‘Sme\ af - Sind. Cok O_ pe “fe aca, Pag ej ~ ~ _ a at song aa | P= BiB yp rAgk = | emma eer and aa: (A; i . at > = ae - =PEE | Selenminand_ af a _unj fry — madi We 4 feck sansa ach —exlmn af tn a _ cr) el 2 | OSS ( A uni vector.| Thus, ee aoe : E _ (Aej)’e (9B) = T- : u | aTATAR: B77Q = BTRSoro] any ag-£ Peg US ml leap Bela e |Al= “ay, | 02 Fea Qn Jo tn ea asi jer ee —_ [950 933 Lag, Qe [ial Oy Cy HA 9 Cre +8iq Co (evita tae 4; 5 Th o ef fe tas. | g 7 i(f)= | ¢. Con Cog ae op eae € o “Ta laa) = ; : ~ 1 eT / 7 — © Aus} Su. ppete—A isa Square —madaixof —corclex. — * n_and determinan] ij Ps Naw crlentate _ Cg antennal nde — : A= nxn = lal= m_+ _ 0 AAA] = [Ale = + ie Bon — [7 “lie eae i: Also cl —delmca op Touts tdi = An! = 0 = [ “aking. clederminend ‘or bell side : i tala erp — rH et = = (a) le we identity madsix_cyf oreler nxn © | [fond —aelp C2) = 2807, donb ume) (2) m-1 ~~ lel) n LAdg er) = 2"Tp ; Adj (2D = 2D, Se [le = nycl ‘A daa 3. ix with olede: aaa, ol dhin dhe ele-dexmingnd | iy eal to 2 (4) _] ( e. @. a [o2.4 Grads ob_gl-, ; < gop A= anol IN 1: 2 2 x3 5 Q aan a + ESS © | Methed- I ee € {Al =? : - pad : & i et adja. fet ¢ m4 _ f a} # © _ dg (0) Ay) 3 aL 7 _E < eee de f t ¢ | i ca 7 | c ole 2 fi = ! : acd fu) fie] re Dns & 7 i ¢ a a —_ ~— te é - - ——a a _ Fla Value | ae — Leolution a (are Coxsesconelin ao each. tole of a | we wi) 8 ad _non_9e | Xeno eh | Eigen Values 2 Figen. Neclors a fe which we will get a nen on__valyes of " madex Aor pee he} ——| Binilerly, 4? nti a ERT fl a FegMen Veelor a By = 2g yp a fie oPz | $e rans fn re Slote_ of th. pardtele eee =e — | Pax | Non = tea) —olubvon _|~l-0 & — 4 HL FT A Sine | = +t - Sin Con — la-ar] = Gr0-)_ z= “Sind = 2 _ | =sng Ga | Acai nee se W= -ptvVp% tae (_ Ror 2-22 Ga tl so _& SS) fy = Ge t18in — eee | BDO OC OePOyo/elojefaa | een Gaara SinB_ = l= — = Gz O-A 2 ° _| | Eigen Vector. —~ a Pp 4 smo #iné ne Pa fee eee eee =n =F Rind Mf ss = tina + “Sin Uy 20 eee emcee Ky iy —_ aee aia orig sgen—ealieeond ware_mad-ix A and ids tran, pase: Shum. er. XN S. a 4 jen alte P f i F ;Arar — Invemtary o eigen valu 4 tl or =] x} Any __jJuso-_ eigen. Veclore — Oortes, ! a 2 | oltstynch— —2ip values _ vara — | matatx——andV nj. foxy _mettrix ani ortho egenc. de each other | tke 0 tae whoa, pt. Ag———— @ | @jo z | Ay Ko ee fo X, raee (I Bigen values _ =a —hilpeten! mmoles as ame -olugys gel — #1 Eigen values —o 7a ideale mabe — and elf her O tS Le OL Sucre mats ik Ao ortolex nx Tovng is ee Spel Mio ty has epont aa N,O,050 eee tL | €r = — os | pelicula — —| voles TCAD ,02).0).0) 0 eee{ ¢stQ] Bec - Loy. rece analxia_M Ene fe [M]=6, FeLi] 226 cm) le set of $1043 (fers pre tym f £4} © @ Slt Te [r? 2+¢ ata 3d =o. Oo £ Tein = 2 » apap tag = 24 --@ | eft} = % > aSsarta?® =a —-@ [ernte —exptien a lif oll three Conditions D- Covsech - ogttan is Casve! eeer——r———C “EE a A {A222 maleic ‘A fos etyenraluas_e a Sand oe: © @| go (bh) 80 (a) bo ve el) pew, © salt : 7ts——— © [ape 922 __ € : @ Poe ats sits — © Prrwalued of * Pineal — € an i sox i a = Hina] een a7 2 mae 4 > be __ | Tt TyeC k oo eg et oF a | 6 -Q 7 Ae zo a ° - -9 J Vas / Ee ra : _\ fat} la een eee ee atone = = ° a] Zo E ls 7 V - a 0 0 6 | —— = Li). Iyer =1,0,0) ~ Ce) (th), Hay a) Coe) F ¢~Salt "Tate of —madsie se Q——_ an“Quit. for. ptthieh an A, ths. ing —Madtartx i eos 2 & ty ill be Iyverdsble L. 2 a 73 =] nature 2 — : tte BG (gy arty a 4012 O Ae t tol) Mom. Sol" _ . eee sees . 7 oF ¢ 7 = ~ _ a _ £ ae — 7 fF _ _ =a Fa malyix_ ah = PY Lae _ : i = ee (Onan ne? 2 Qi -3 | =o Sa) a a | 2 cl a _ 7 } So rr fears Tal fee a =o el —_ — . 4 +4-9 ~O —— a _ "5 _ 28Begenerate eigen values = eguas eigen valves, c £ Gun] Conciler 0.828 mabrixof the fallasing — Jom ee ee Ag Ayerg NE o cI EX On 45 a udg__O281 9 a3 : nan —of 5 'genvalues for this mabria .is-? | a (bad gv" fof) 3 Sole esssssistsee eee Se nnn Co -f a Kid duis} —_____ a Ody Ms = t os — 24g — 05 | c Ag St Roo A Go = _ € = & c €_ 6S peeaeaee ] o_given. _madain f tale + mate, See Ao sed _u'nuesse. eee 2 ed = = f1]_So optten O) . eT Corvect ,es 2 oe a%B3p4goTco at ato so a I Amada. ~ sadissic ne 2A teat - =p fl fend Sal”! PaaS |__can eutly = eigen “values us [eee eee eee eee ao a f ae yh PEI = z S| _ tan [ae stv 2 2 “So p= aii ) Save| DA -3As - 30T 2) f® 3At Bel =o 2 al pt- aplas 309 7F — A= 38F = -30q7 DyOIaIc ATT thn we A? dn wre fined Sem — —_ 7 Lig dete elem a be _ =) d@.d4 — - —_| [Rett] vas @ TT “Agi 40 mairix Ais such Mel SA%2A 4A 4 Pan, 4 tay equal to 2 © @l (sa 2. (a eae | tat tem af these »—— _— | ah __sa%20%cnti=0 : _ of _ -_Sakalaa Ba. ta cant = =rA) aesyh bea nxn. feel ealizable _madaix coh ee eqpa tions then Bet(I4) ay Pe te a+ ey f- The aon Bel (1) = Freclue: tee values p= feattrr=9) | OR aaeaaetnne meee as he / oe DMeimeQq __ =>) {mJy eo : —Sither —[rale0— xls oo cere =| | Se te. oe ec | sais fles ty madrin, aay blkich “9 2A llncing ana esag ate | Cor L2) C na) Oa) i= SM +6 20 Sel) | G2 to, we forse Oa, PH 9,8, 6) 7 * = (9,2 Bee C rey Coptic,[ts —laate ey? anal tad melita Ls expt), uihere f _ 2/9 0 o _ e fo 0 Ae oO | is opal da 2 Oo. Aly Oo oO ~Alg. oO! ° o | | { AO | he Po | —, fy Jo 1 t x tH = BS > e a |" | he t M ) M 2 Ly | t lise Oo | | | | mm ey eC)—_ L z - a plats fet “87 le a) _ 8 oI c = te = gob | i i x4 an ei i =f 4) iD we ae f i 6 STaci” Peveaisgie ae bio) — tong) +48-(8i 79) —— i 2 ett 912 | Tr. (exe. a EIT Gages Sin( Aly. me] we AY — —anel Ty. (2A)= 2m_ By "elage Qo oF | Tel eapta))- =$0n # aoe Oe, =] 0 o cae S9plld = Tape np FeO 8 Le fe php of EY — rele) = +65] —— = oTc Coneider ths 7 madly pre a 1 , }- ~ : F ae af an 2 pt re Qo 0,0,3¢ vO bb) (dj 42) T a, TITTY fae ot; y a - i kel pean eee eS ea eee ee eee) VT Ty Sg aaa ae baa) — 5 of. eplifies (Ibs dy, 4 —Bysi| 2 —sexponendial_ 4 th “pif “* is dy § aed ae = I+ [en —(bLe™. Tem 2 ¢ ] - e (o| e” «La ab (dy e"-(e-l mm, av ft + } 4 — et 5 i it a <_ |__e’ mang 3 yee | ® |e" re m4 fe = a pee fe Cre: fay Ae ry) . =f esl eH ee 2 ae eee C [82 mins Sm = Say 2 Py z lS ~mt= 3379=a Foo ee 2 D+ fe af. + ae ato 2 a - Tam pie Ss a ~ aE ay 5 i =a 1a eat Beep lec - 1 ANS. — 4 gusct| Given a 2x2 Unilery —mattin _Salts/ving UUeutr > = sith dell) 2 ef elt a pp onctnacd abl tile | madd __v (aegis Tih _oled_Ve at bg — Lov] Mabbilying U by 67/2 a Cb) Hold o-single_ebomin Whyd eet neead.o_Coluan by ete. Titian yg 2B —H Usuuts To _ —— ant a a Wa be } Eiseennece | octk debe J _ i 7Bass Ga telex a man (api) trix A, in which As jb : a : eae ee fas one aia oll eigen re =t).. He ae dng ant clegenerate— Apealln ____4 = ig oa _ ea 7 a a. a : | — a= It as Sa c eee ——— ae Sige 4 : [if net _ _ | =Seo—-4_XF ——— _ a _ (G2 3 + | ¢ - Peng oe | a | omar BONN de fo + _ A+ 8 ITS I _ ___Q=__30,b,0,0 : - _ | 4 clea = Qs eee = Slgen vole» _ sleyeneta. = ee : _C 4 deg Q = (n'-} v Js _ _ | | Aaqoegcocyosao etKL Pity _ Teufel | fe~ PAP fH rare —- A, Bom Similas Pe peeeeeeee s Sana en EEE | pt f._and _& mals'ce au —simtlos- th thy Rowe = => Same FFnte_ ae —_ = = =? |Same___ Bet SS 2 >| Same__el, envalu ee St 0 RE Sy) oF e771 |, Sennen OR UE POUR TTL TON a Since this tev k tring fess dhe nabs by dite milan meets B thy | wig wh t{— —knaan as. | —f+ Tian fue 2g) Seuueeeesst en cuuEEEneeeeennes _ _ | 49) \ Mae ‘ (4igg\ | _ _ an Aaa) | a =e4 | sy _ovdex man Lag — Ln hinens newly 1 ( ectors Yan | the meri __Qua__ Me aan = ~ - + i = _ _ Jan 7 oy = | a) Ne (as — _\e af Ls = on fer dan fg \ —— Hes} — Bey a ag, op cpeja/ ele) cj esaye 7 ae eee vos _ eee 5 TP ag 57g M35_ Sep: P| My Na Eat oe eee ef | i {| %4o) tay hag t {aig Me, agg J = 2 ¢ a Te ie — 7 a oa china A “onan “A? Ae dtdefnd_— las Az I-2uuT, Han 1 4" is _epual_ do Qo ar | T= gut 6-2 (b)_T+ 2uuT (or guy T=1 te guy Sol” i _ | a of ea See - es Hros3s] re drix. pe (sae “tal 20 Ws (ea if asm (2] Cm an ees Sof | Tr (M) 2 12 > Ajptdot ag 212 _ Bel lM) = 56D ‘AyAadg— xpi eee _A 6 mu - Zolt sth a | blhere np} ne, Ng are the tizsymmelria smadzix f=), ae pe tpt °, ai ad sel” | € hy Na \- zi =a hy e _ ny =). / /- a3 fattn,} + hy a= naenga =Ngq-#-hyn,) +e nyns-ANe Jee nhs = Ah, 20 | ef -a® S— atmeantin? pte ns = > | | ae 2 = Sa oe { © ©) aati = I - LL a = - _- : | _. Aare) (1()eaaae _ 7 e | S 5S bith qeo or A120 _t. © a Qto a ase’. E S fo a0 i? Ans — _ _| a —Buai ieee a leans formabion in ree oliaensian é pete af a —$_______— He= tel _FatertxLatee) + [ace 2204) — + dy —uniidary 2 — Cin | Show. i |e 7 S ist an axe__e iriies Tog — ace ss ee - a a te Zz . | £40,080, a ae = Sin6, Caege6e6, Sno, 0 __=8i00)5)08 + 648, Gabo 2 —_O—} a O +040 — b+o+o oabtt) [Cr(@,2e) Sin, #84) ) | =Sin (B)t82) ___Cos/0,#89) Of — oO pe _ — fama 1) =iw im ~ a uw ~ — | la-ar} se | - Crg=4. ne © ee _ E 7 = a _Gse-Q 0 =o — oF pereialic2) ~ -apanding ~ along me Ca _ es! (ero-d 94 Sng} =O ; either! (ea) 20 on jee sTaa fae — Cf Nlhen |=g20 dep aed : _and_tlhin — | (fae -2)7 4 Sop 20 G9 49° 22CuP t B09 20 = a 2AGOA +) =O [eae 2) Bate aa =Gala) 5 eats 28] Be, ¥ — wif = Gert $9 - 6 _ ee 2? 41a. Ee? 1] 7 + EE : —E | Cony tT “Un fp) dy a _ | 5] AE aay Tad | 7 So sg Sno © - c AL = + Sino Gr9 © ml an nw} 7 [ee ameee eee 7 : c = etxled - a & ~ E c | aaa = —— ~ — ; | =Ous 2 Bao! the chayac teris lie. -eyualin. aie ai ens 44) and hente Lo A8- 5A t+ TAS. aaa ~fAeT {toae] | [2 fe Leal al - a a “ante: 2a-j49") +a-1_ __§ 4-60 aa 2a= =l=oe - pote _ _ -B+acd*- FA + 8so0- _ ee _ a > as -sa*t+F 9-350 aoe —— Aeosct 6 HL Freatem — “ AS- sp t4+ZA-Bl=0 = een — Given _ _ - es | basa 0 8 3 af oh caveman sr ae LE Fag ere 3F FR ER CHEER ste i ee te pil Ls afottafolanuner _ Wi! fe ee se _ — 7 Ang oo : —|G @ ec & ©| Bux ewer. of qg_Nbtin se a fe maliix as a Bapenal Motxin_then— fren Ht andi = a \thexe m= +ve_ inkegen —_ ia af nadie ds _Non= Sige —— ee Sf -Ma}xix dh om ~dhagenal._ adn tan sed _] Ce Oma x veg syne Bb . z ——e«p (D)- 2 es 2 ven__mada{y_ Jy _Non- altegora| | wrod six then | a Plexea)e-| — - ee AL ae a “oligganal_madyix CaO] Af gprenT $n (D) = [Ina 0 o = __ _6 _Mndg 6 _ — {| log Inada} © [21 Af Ais mon oli eaa)—_malita__then = g a | Rank of a Malzix = “2 |B) chleling any ews —ad—any column af — . Cet eg soe fea ge —sub_—“matyix__of —___ [engine ome se € o of _toe__and__ column. of Q. x toe _tni}} Rank —of 0 anadeie — the —enaler of — te [8x3] #0 = f(A)-3 - _ =O => S(al#g FF Any ax] #0 then fade 2 othexwise Lo || {@/e |e je | ist | a] 9] C/O; e|S|@1e]/¢ | | 1°[very onadet ais a - bm rit of Teal | 7 [——tSibarde + —— 323 malin a?) Legert ub _| ah —e seeebal 5 | ———t Babi fa LAR malta i q eae LX) —> smallest — Bab_merdrrt: {os alsaal less Tale 6] > +2 ; af — =) -2-4 +f =0 Siesta ee meee eeeFe a ingular__matyix of | Fa Rank of nade of — nn “matrices can -net exceeds." tha Sot pat matrt x. {426 J _$ (AB) ¢. SA) . 7 a [ot | [ream 22]- a : _ ft a -l [em _| © uss] The rank of pe omat | o OQ -) | yg Go ex 2 epued— do Q __\ a (omen) © @Mio (by fw (4) 2 (ol) _4- 4 © gol _ - _ __ f co as [Q = oo) | © _ Sn (hese se | Se (= ae is = 6 —— a = ~ -_ c JES _ _ a c o f=) | = [fata Es “lo {nei 2,20 - . Mee nto so [ SY-piUtsQel)e0 se ey ae fit zo thn Ne 1 7 2] fiihtIti)=0 dla, eon -l- 1 idete) | Tne }-—2.,b, Came! 2 4. an all. |_liffexend —tul_athies oO a the numbers _0,b,C__om. —e pitt dae ie pate — fh “Hid 4 O all__aliffere renl_and ath+c #0 co [ne : et gt eg pe? | Tag? —— == —=5—-Cb=! — a), Hib=6) Cat btc) 7 — 5 =) (hea) (ca) (hoc) (athec)- {ae Sinw \ fa ine Co) Ly) _ oe ee =ee) _ Spe — = §i Coral. 28 - Rte} © 0 | Hewe fo(@) ix _callee! Relation madatx or SL Rodation _ eperader—_cerrespancing ta anticlockwise : | rotation —angle 8 abut —z=axis._ ss : _vdnp. Propel 8 | cel aoaeajeler-ce MOlD1O| Lo Roladtumel — modi is otha anal isin nature | and__ite __olelewminan? i obuange an i» | Here K2(@) is —callecl Relation matrix ox ‘ | Kedah —e rotor corresponding te__anticlackwise © bmp Prepesby __ —— © 0 | Roladiened. maha —orthaganal is in nodure es “Toand. ile —slelewmina’ is bs always eee CR feel — of Plaats T 38-D) cf (ose J 2 s ot aa eT fagapeet seyl zp 2! FCO a4 Bind _ ot 3 8 Sin + 4 Cog f —_ @ _ Z ~ — ~ 3 c - Gsp___Sinp __O ee: oA (a) = | = Sin sg__0_} = oO 2. 1“Halse a a eethegonal— and della of — _{ Oo ___O _ Be (2)= | 0 Cora S00} — ——a losing one] __| 2's 2eab +x Gs (20-6) \ |= eee FB] —— | x: Xx Che. A +2 lw / 'gorf) ae 7emee sl Pee = 2 8tas f : | Refilechion —[absia + —#- et ws | ~te kf Te fy 7 _ ene ___| EP = sist _ _ Se _ feo ey 1 go Reflection Mateca | Applicadian faxt_ of Ubtalag —____! ( j+———— 1 Rolodim Maden [2-p J = ——___ Sy. py ee e | els e688 ay dete a cee8) % v's 86,0 +4 Sin —O\ (v7 + — y= 22 Gos Jae0) + 4 foa8 NS ee y z= 28ino +4 Gs8_—@ Ot gor8) : one or - = x] -—_| Coxe Sina f a _ yi] (= s00 Gaal (4, — ; fat 2 | Here fRa(0) iy —calleel Relation malzix or | —Ralabim — epernar—cextesjaanelin, tag —to_analitlaclenise angle Babak z= 0X18 | Rotational — modi Js —_oxthagenal is in notuxe Land ifs __cle}exminand — oom HE Koladion of Molin [3-D)] - * a = =| lose Te 2 i & ; {| {2,y,29 2» yd ~ se! = lap __ Z sis ~9e y Cond _ wf et a — a Gse Sind oO \ : {| ____ f(a) _= | - sine _xg__o} f 4 ~ Oo 2. L<7 cee a DL tittle | —-— | Plan ty ty = Had a . __| for X= oxi E 7 _ lu _ ~pemy ir oo = Z Hexe Soe =I bys o SEES Te } -ft o)fm\ | tet “| |p y fe =H [itt ae : # Papel of Ref beien Medeix E | ion aba rae m | 6 a {fa Suppose Pr vel oe © tb fat iahed ll he dis nna : Piel jee fee taxmaelinals, sxyshem _x'yy), 2! ae const P= = - of +34 Po eeeeeeseee al tz = [ee a = $08 * + —_ sme oO ae Zz ee: Pe _ _ _| | sel [Cosh O “= Sinks _ fF t) peeaar "el Se la oO | 6 3 2] Al sings 0 Gate (2) a eee eee |) fs) ee ec] 3 [tp ___| fa, —— eer 7 [Geet sy Tea ef = _ fing [| ¢! 2 obs 40.84 eee a —|_yesoffetoby hl 2 2 aketody 2-00 = ob eouee ene 2 — - | Se - Ess -Tar error SreeSeé Ta ahaa £ Badd the ~chawavferisdic rao} (6 en_valus) i bap at is as a oe ee areeeetae Sigen ele of _pabit a8 As = — Y Ars ‘ e| —1f —mabrices andl tf | hearse jo = — Css Aep ipl A fly 9 pane olins a gant —tenpacle EE] EPLIED H OO BO, O|Oa SEES eE— == See _ _ a= 92, tbz0 | oe ay = W227, - -= tmedlulue 4 ae =v _ cee | aig 2 =O = Jar! ft) | ‘ i _ *Y maginary 1 9 - ia mo] “°° QLOoe | gaedqantag f) WwW A |A eS | i247.) <4 lalelz.) Va=t)%_17,)- 122) ( jaz.\ = jz) 12.)= a; wf meee 7 _ a : = ab Hel — a ott i 219 (225) on arg Qt 0g : _ (| ars (2 amore age a - 2 aaiy _CGslesn an Coroedinale) a a] Ze bse aint eee C F-Fale fed = oe af a iy 2 _a+ih ee — _ atiy ee oy) - = tty = orp Waha be => 2ah = +¥e Rect ‘bon = taal: pa ee Lid tole thi sagesh E ah whieh it ‘ : sty to Sarna alus| Sal “Bai __ _ W384i _e qath. —— ealatty Satth pp eneebtue fade) Ye -Ve g teens appete mip {et Sq tee ee pga) aleven muktpae of 2g TAN Cos DC , Sin SSin Jon Ste Odd wualliple of % Yam CFO, Sins ta.” dan-dGl Ltply and ddurete hy a a ace ——~T2 and {sice Commun - 2 a alse 2 my — J DY] F° ankkeletew? se.Og 2) = argc) HOTye 7 mage +O = Bre : a sty acre? = ety imme foe | eee | ary eect 1) oe ee Zz La | fusilz] = By —O — (arg (2 gl 19) ets m3) A | So Rods vecler is colatee $5? antichckwise #} +} Ua youl pln) C= ee Sr _ { - =| arr les 4 4pactine tnbegen fe hich i a ‘lrit oo aa = [ya ita a0 \" a eae enema “ rn Ore eee o =? I a | op hr ph —| — | es} 4 i = 2 ing — Gitar = ym ewe oO le__e@nc| = | tha veckers v ne sol | tz 2at2 = pa ——+ 2. fn A 5 opti (y why Cooreek. ma = K Base x — 2. Fp AR Seen neeenenEnEE eee as nee oa ee a = $1Z we be Cube. ly. Ahan Hae eon Fey —Proeh sof unt = — fee Lew 99 thw felling ae tinborys8) $4 8) = ~~ = ta infil oil! be ec tw) wnt) Ue wF p08) = == £n fatler =. __—_£ So pabeeb eae Opt Sp a ps ed feral) (aioe eon file —— Fe pay acd)” a _{ ae aital tal®e oe. vielen jer / Hu Sum a Le ik ees Sloe Sig Ag @|i_ wei a1 “Wd - 1 Paty ib tonat) derm — = st = 1 corte 2n- ra 1) texan : E ¢ 2 —=+—fare 1 2n eum consi aub. ft} — ae = a a4 € 3 ial s- Aiu_s6 aeane-tes and [then eT ar eee Su} one a ee ® | | | Feaa aca_ es pe UL ata) a aan) ri ee Beto — — ; _ aS + doy = exist ede = chest en = Uso we fake @ ave Vpn Im-Y) ecb > Li (8p) 2 — # etn = ag (asl) eee Pes eee) ee : a atl _ 0e pee _n. <1) 2% > “dan? 3 Ba © al 8 i E So a ad € i antl Jen 4 6 lane | é . naan | © = [Aen —soly — fj we @ fae Ce Dy ~—__|_{ew + Sel" | Usa wd t (paw wt \ {nau} 4 pew) agaqas 2 RT N34sn Eafe p= Rl EB tp} Ae S ft AL | {f-20056-=magp_aral Rosh = nt dh pre. a Sel! {crt leeiiveeth ai ca. eee ga a cof PxaQak = 0 é€ - aaare eee c Wirral aia +z —— rete — ; te prlF 71+e a pn @)- Orde) GDA. 3) teed c ; | cst PPB, fen _ = < z vie = ZF fea) _ Ls | | | | ——s ag@ey = = 7( th) |e ea tree? emt ee r fee3 : == eH fae sy } a iti) Scene ke Cape anne Yc venta A pd PSE = { tr) aafto acpoy@yeye wT_ | sof a.) [Gost BinFly _') =“Sin Ap, Gg ala j- = fo =) \ fe _a ne Lex] Emon _ ee Ef Fob) x2 4 — —— \ | J } is | IALOIOIS OIF ISICISIAE if ° lo ae a ercrayeyeyeT 7 fate el 21 —_ — _ = - > 42 | | Pal = _ is. a a flv: EVES v | eee 7 ae) [du =O. \rawe-0 & fe fa — oO -| fre [Pf o al _ Lo © oo / jrcaf| =e _se = = _| O-anbt oe | Paget = er butt hot ~ Hfrewttes fy p v G { —e: (mag) 4 (yey) eR — — —- +5t fe — Pelee v 48242 My | Ys ae = — PaLoroere | ) | qa opapqe Bypobre - [So Crvet ut punchivon _| unglepe whith 4 _ert-stele of feral shee 0 (Ze —J Pa Sino (= “pnadle a Smode | 2A —— SSS aoe ao ot Civatolle “2K > aR=H So lard } as. . 'ITT I \ i A L gob a [477 f £4. 411} | 1a tht |, +4 g§ 4 L tld i} y gpighs ale seh ie | | a 5 q oe Pel SiC] Gla wi CIVIG sl Ol Slolols oex E- THOMSON [METHOD -- era Be i = (24) x = $y (= 44) oe) Hoe hte » b.(Z0) by pulling = 2, Yeo SS) {2 “| E (20) - i$, (2,0) Jd Cosel: af Toma? bs a. qiven = ¥(9%9) “Sr given “Hi loug) 9 Be otal] Step 2b ealedate 02,0) , (2:0 Step ii Step ar tia): JC¥e2.0) +i Py (2,0) Jolz ae aay v =e" (xesy ~ 15iny ) Sol? oo. ve. . oa é ("Gry ~ ysiny ) +e"Cesy) = hes av. ze" (-20Siny — sin 7 1-9ery) = Ye (%i) 4 (2,0) eS ef. Zt ee Ty (2,0) = ae? Po f@): > lorife zre") dz pos PX IteWy U-v = (Bry) ( ar taey ty?) SM we Leys uaty = - (ai) fiz) =U -v) 4c tuay) Fiz) - Ute Uslu-wWe Cary ts Se gay tyY) Uv wb BE CT) (tm HE ray yt) = fey Me = G) (art ay t vy) (a-y) [tae2y) = Fela) 4, (2,2) 2 2t422 = 32° bo(20) 2-2 42> 32" fo F(2)= | 4(29) -1p,(zied}a2 (set 32") da ED) a 22? Fla)= 2? Cee) . 2 Fea) f(z) a | dn - Zev) aFewer Series Expansion Ag a Compbex finetion {@) ws Onolydic at Zea than we Can alo power Sees expansion ~abou~ of {@ about Zeq, {@ = Say (z-a)” | neo fl2) = 45 +0, (2-4) tag (2a) ~~ ~-- Ua powes Seves expansion of f(z) about 2-4 may Converge within a olfse of Complex plone or In the intirve Complex poeone or ata Pertiewlar yoni °f. te Complex Lana” be Disithin a Pf Kise gad os ° 1? 2 Zs tat Ze ce ---- for Gnvergence anol divergence y Series > 1) =(n " ° He z |, Grverges Ena = C v aed 1 [2] 71 en Series overgess sere po [fe] [22] = J2I zn So Series will Con verge lz] <1 hae IZ] 21 thal olenobe’? Sa. . 7 oC:} z-4| 1 olenotes ciyele whose center C14) ard recive Yr. | etiy -al =y I WefinZ72 [maar (sera)? yoer? Jz-tal-> Center ( 0,q) wars ® . another example : i Jzler" 2 (Gere (010) , Vad > opr yre | 80 121.21 -wepsesents pa, qrel Se Series will Gnverpe fr Hea ae within Ha chele [2] 24, Vans hin we pul an) value {7 which “de Inside. Ha ete readlivs 4 Han ‘this sem gives 2 mite Mans ¥ Gonverges) » (2) Endive Complex Plage iond x a £ 2 od Cate ee ° Pe 2 ter ayy By st feu]. [2M me) dal. tn ey} 2} tna) Che!) - h>eo => | tay (ann Sexes qyyes * Lllen ne. of Jems =o 47 (tu onres a5 an inf vs) bn ‘ine. aa te vem) So Series will Converge oll vadues( Pe Z e fk series will Converge in fe tndive Compter plans :¥@) At A pew Heitor pont of Lomples fone - a- S ZN) © paztZeeyeeegype oo n- a pap yh aee Wee So sum =4° (finite) Si) [4] = |e boo) tn Pais = (nt) /z) a) |] D5 Z=O thy gevies de wi'll Converge. & Radius of Convergence of be fewer Sexies- a "Suppose a Complex function oe 1 ana ly tis of 2-4 anol Hx mer: Series pension ye Such thot dey power Bevies Coniers es fr [2ra]< Ard DNeges fr )Z-a] >R whou ascseal no. “azreal No. est aa ae 2 Gola / rely uv Imag “Hen Me 2 k}a Fla Raclitus of Coversrence. of Peres Sev Tes ,Th muthamedical ferme fr Coleutating Ye Roolus of Gn vegerce 5 Sevres, a), On_, ] = Reali R= fin | an 7 " of Grvenence » Ec 4 }z| 2) Gnverge )2}7! Diverge $o JR =] A S 2s entixe Gmplex Plan. no") Crrele R.2@ ra ve 4 Rodius vf Gmvesgerce, by fe fem (wt)! ' i . Re fim hI T ) 7) in ma noe ay A en ey ow but cracle rf Reolius o IF8)by formula: ca Re Lem eae ee Mea (nth) ~ na) a | Region 4 Cnvesgence + {) = = C (42> -3i)” n= iP Calculate Roolius cn vergene anel Regven ¥ Gnvergen { thes power Series. Ba? fer 2 ue (-2-8i)” nee (Hy)? ‘ a= 3t R= dim (an) Gey” me (ry ‘(ent2)] + Lin foes | Che) fate: (ana%(end)) Inte) (ant) 2 rk)? ma + Lem ND w*( 24k & (24) R= | Thy He rach us GrvergeneeRegion of Gruergence. [za] 4 ao [lee “4 a ae 4 % Taylor Series Expansion & , Complex finer ley analy tie of all points insicle are Bon Hs civcle a? \zZ~ a} = R a ths Tayler els) Eacanstom ft) ee pint Insvdle- ehele ab tall!” ier : ins + faa) + ecah otcles 0; x devi mina age C81 R Deo 22 92 “Fle Seyler Series expansion fu fonction Ln (Gsha), wh X Sa real, abned pein) xeo- Slants wlth fhe 4 fellactn, eer @ dt hatye OD fae bat a. w -4 ata batty -s ds path, _— “Sl fel {oy + ler Cre-9) + ‘es tare? freer? + ita 1 ot Boao4 (ee) = hy, She Sonia {to pe ie {"(2) 5 B8echia. é Sech« tan ha) © ~ Psechey Hen ie tof m {' (oe) =-2 [ danha. 28echa. (-Sechatanha) + dech' See") a a 4 = [+f tanks Secha 1s ec htx ] ee 122. % d= ep hota oety C2 oh fo : OF OT ORE Ray Bem = ae 2 . dat & at ge + +) ats 2" Fab ayK) Lah ety a” qn a Ay AID Pind He fires three dems 7 te Taylor's Series expansion o (2)2 2 mreyin af gh) Eile het 22. Rd He , i Convergence F Sel {l2) a ; (2-3) (2-4) 2 - 46 — _ $pAras¢ (2-3) (2-4) (2-3) (2-4) [Yh 3es6 2 eae ray 7 Merv) + B(2°3) Sane = Fe —S5e-9) = 9 2( Are) -¥A-3B RIB:firs eS dey oden Bike wea =| B-2et [fe fe) (2-2) + EL) cea" Pa] fleas {"l2= = ‘ . fer ew ~ feyn dle Fk a)! +f 7)3 2 {ley . S " + we = — _& ”, tear Byala: 2 Lr 2(2-2) 46 fy 2992 -2° I | un i el? Denn ve % a V9 q a 3 “a, =f ) ds 2k -0 0-8, Oe Ie D QF ge we aginne Wy rao ne} eon Inay neg pe Re din Sin nee One sob mani Pe [R=)] So Rachias of Onsen Rey Se Regen “h Gnvergence > Jz-al eR Ph,LAURENT SERIES : # LAURENT SERIES. , plex panchion wy analyte od oll pein ls on wo Qncentrig drrele web eral hy are Cas | 2-01 = ted so analytic 2 Points in the angle between he civele. ae He Laurent sr ioe {2 at z~9 a all point ie Bee ennular region —blw G and Cy a t - itl 6 ond gf fi t—? Prince [f= &, 00 -q) "+ 5 bot Bie a)” eae Cp asa fea 5 ne? anal he 2 vipa “12 annular See ; 6-40 “Te first few terms in the Laurent Series pp OO fale) In the "wegen 12]2)42 and around, 2=4 4‘ A fod sa Ascumt anf 2 ng yy hic analy he, pool .« tL. — he te ttl) © Clt-t) ¢ Ow fe "dere? esate y Tee [put ala em Lken [eee | fay =p CEH) oo pntrt Hanpre esi tive aa (24) (29) a & i : ic Expand , oi owing fanetin Th layvent Series. ! = fee eos (0 f(z) se) about th pole Z=-2 u) sax th en tj fel “3242 in the 797 lal 4) wlzbrs 30D | Soy Ss ty: t 2 oS °? ft eo 5 (t-2) Ze-2 ~-%tacet Dtzo Sots burger . . A ie (2) gy 3 Woe) a V €X% . £4 Se e-k 2 #2) golb ert £7 8 “e- t.ho Hae ET: 5 - ee leat lie Peoaay® tery? 9 (232) + A-+ 8.4 1 a? > = * Ae houcrenh Sevies ee of Hu complex poredion {= ci G-2) ny He xeqin \2~ iy can be. expressed os / 2 1° canes) wt} [zl zd a tly Zz B A(Z27t BZ) ~~, = AL B 2 ea [2-0 * (2-2) _(2-b2-2) =) Al2-2) + Bl2-i) ez f=-l , Qe9 de -_) aoe le eee i = (2-2) a tr ¢) it)? "W \ ah te a CHO Qin chins - 4 => + 2 Deptt oJ a at Gest \ 1 ot + ine _ é +t ae get et 8 ~ 1 J eapn rien yr a ace! ahhatzor rom (24) hast tha oe {uni 2 rob analy dic i “ [m=aw Suppose a Complex afunciton 42) suth thot { el, {ta PN et ond all other higher oleviva tives of {@ 4s 0. ot 2-1. Fh, Nel oy fez) af 2- 4 all eo Sal". Heve nedim analy tie about Ze! So b Taylor Sevies expansian « {) > fue {2-1 LO ete Mi awh = La (21) th) (2-1) 4 ote peo a lfzre zed (207 ot ze l 2 1 ei fi $ 4g )e gta(2) - at (4 © Ant. +& Singular foints ofa Complex fonotian > v > Singublas_foint “Thee? cow ta ol which N Ja net ana ly fe.” eiis ven jet Singular ints Tsotaled Non-Tsolated Q Tsolateel Singuley fink, Ay a complex uretion {2 wonot analytic af z Zeco neti > get hee > Zo Cub pz co, 2ro ne @w-l) zee | ne cor2, 220 So 220 ill be a ron fsolated poinks ,Th tase °. non—Tsoleded “Singular points the dendttron K Sinaalasi hy 3 satisfies by infintle many poinds. “Fla point Covsespond in +o nso will beg Ron P80 latee Stnqulare ae fnel off He other points on teoladted “Sin gulace pots. 4 ee / &X {t2) Bnnz G.O8. +) Sinnzso D fe = 070 2 Zen neo, tht2a-77 D >» Zs Jy. Lse Tsolated Singular Binls ct Essential Non- Essen of feme vable or 5 Ble : a Suppose a Complex gfuncttm {@ fas 4 iSola ted Bingubaee ind zea tun tu Lmecent Sevies ®A pansion fe) abat 2:9 Gy - ee {2 = 2 Og (2a) F _bn heo np (2-q]" L I Prindpal fast {te eapansion ,1 JTsolated Essential Singular foots. . 301A SS eEN tA IN ary __yoin ny fla psnepl pee laurent — Sesies Expansion comtatne infinite : mi neg ative Peer cteom (2-4), Hun =q ie a Isolated Essential Sing dar foto? of Fa. 4 Gr fa) et Bel? C08! 2-420 >» Z=4+ So Z=t¢ di fselated 8ingular point Bo JOM ry te + 1, oC ce (2-02) 7 loos of Here (2=4¢) Rave fn nite nos n (B49 o power: of (2-4) t % haga hive So 1b 4 a Isolatect bssental Srnulars re J. Tsolated Non- Essential Si ule hints oY Isolated foles ¥ a te principal el 4 Ye Lawren)- Sesles expansion contain finite no. ¥ pn fren tens ff (2-a) © ¥tan zea oe SP nga point OT Ble of S flare Zane Gronsae 2tera? 20 2) 2=2,-% So 20 andl <2 an. two Iso ladecf Hn glove paste, etSe See eee fa) = era + Cara)” Cee Rasdive hy wers- hegelt ve pees a Be 22-2 iw Hom Casential Singular Poin Ze-2@fegq pet ordey. 2 o's herve heigheet ropa {rve peer 4 ] MR “heighest hgative en present in Yu. Ae jole! Sevies Expansivn will be oreles of Ad G4 dy > fees) oprin © oy Correct because here heighest negative fern 4 zw 4, © Lichll femelle Slob taeda Laurent -zseyPe enpanster yf {2 cntabng he o hon pore deem je~ tn eq 2 oO vemavable -gin ules op ; nd (2). Sqr {lr> Baa ’ ( “ C0.s. ! 220 f(2) = = 4+ [z- By Bee. J 3) {t2) 2 gage& here there po negative owet of Zz $o 2-0 Wo vemeyable “Singulere pot Gf fil. in, az ed [bie] eo = OM Bfscuss The nodwee of Singubenity wearing the felling Com plea flostione. Ww {2 ~ oe, at 2-4, 2=00 1 Sol! {> Czar, Sin a2( 2-0)” C0-S.! Sinng (2-a)% <0 Cithey Sinazzo0 or - {2-a)"=o prong Isolated singular [zn] vin}. . Poy Bm ne le of er 2 ef Sot! oq Non-Essenjicd OF Neon Essential Singer Tsalated ingle fein. foint So Z2q —> TI. fle of ordev 2 . eee) Sacre) W) {rave sin fi) w cas. (i-z) <0 Ze1 Yseleted singular point° gs fk od toon es sto (ats) [w ia)? / a Hay have infinite no. of negative over sterm. SG ael fs a fsolte! Essential Singular por (vi) {@ : ram 7 Z-axzo . ZEA] Toeleted Singular point & laurent Seve s bapansio» gt Z-AS . Zetia bf § Hy J . ~-tyt wth y a t* 3 5) : 3 {re = -—l pace 4)p (cake ZA) 3) 5} Mere hela st weaalivs poser ed So z=KR Sy Lesalates pe le ¢ oveler 4, | thy fs an exephional Cree, Y } becaus ofler gern {) ee San Bay. es of “ordey 2 bub it drueeDee I 4 Ane en : 7 wv) fo : ae Zhe). gilts $e Cotsen > zh . oll2ntla — n=0,1,9,8 NZ = gl ernie frees order 4 } Ze elle fa zs erie ' a = ze vel? ; n? hed Gay) - ily i2AIh) Pollo Ye solution 2") = (2-e z-e ° . ; iSayy I ( imag ? Se if we Joke neHeg) (2-e ) (2-6 ) Hor ans, oy fan, or if we dake nzo,t} D So fl Sy Psolateal Singuller GV Pte ans, font 7 order 4.* Kesiclue Ata Singulor fafot* Resfolus of Qa Complex furolien fer a Singular pom 3a te” measurement Angle ab the! pertfedler goin}. / Residue = Amount of sinqulanty ov Amead of Nem - Analiyhicrty Cased- Restle At a siimple Ble (Ale of der 4) theo I 7 i Bethel Res { (z=) = lim (2a) fe] 224 Method Ie as aie fellestng wmple WU > 1722 jo) Z(z2-)(2-2) Zev , 2=1,2Z=-2% Fsolated pole hae hee-tzeo) = bm 3) 1222 ae , B50 ) Fe Nia-a Belesmrhe Hpe and Goore spoacling oes folues of functors. » _ at ~ 3 fo Res} (2-1) e shiny 5 (oA) 122 203 2r2) > de ApRes|(2-2) = dtm - [-2 | 22% (2A) 2eNigaf 2 fina Case IE Kestdue ata pee of ower V - Creneval . Sorreuly Res {9 =4) ‘Yr tate den’ inf] As” HAW Pelesmine the poles ard Cevses/zonelfng edd vestdyes e © |louwi Omplen functions. 4 filing omplen ff W Jay. 2 . {{) a 2( 2-2) — =- = fole (2) > fle) Se Res { { (2--) = tein Ld: [Pr zen. ak 2 (2)h., = (%2).22- 2% (2-2) 2-1 a -U-] _ < (i-?)22 Res fto=t) > dim, CA) eneses C2 ye _ ({E- OQ . Case TIL = Restdue at an essental Hag lay Binks fle . = a, (z-a)” neo Res. (2-4) = by z Coafficient tl oth Ls€ _t (2-4) [eure ad —& a. rei) {ti- we llz Sle Zro ZTE + tee + ts a i i Soy. ee oe %)} ~() 3) 7 Ying Reskdn ot renevoble singular point sero,Qe. Ru fur rein {2)> = (2-3f Sin (25) has a vesiolut of gk at + posh 2-9. Fa vee of nob equal ea Sel {2 (2-3) Sin [be ) ae a = (2-3) [es ea Ge | = (23977 (a-3)"? 2-8)" ~ ne “sy TSeyi, °! Resicu oe Out het Pn above vane 4, =b becoz 5! +/20 So (2-3) aerate ft nega tive deym Ph Above expans hr ; - nese nese | dey = (273) "e (23) 2 TheF n-0= -} neex CaucHy INTEGRAL THEOREM bp eco function {re 4 analylfe of all points Tnsiole and then © m a simpte Closed Curve ¢ f ferdz =0 | Stmele Curve = Non Intersecting Curve. * CAUCH EST DUE THEOREM ee eee eee eens anes At a Complex faneh an (2) fave some singular goin: for, Inside “a simple Clesed curve C. Thin ~ Pj de =Qai [Sum of the Resflues at the ¢ sf. woithinc “] five ~2ai [Sum ofa vedtdues at €.P. usithin © > for Clockwise oF hugotive Curve, at 2 2 43! Fo velw of tHe fntegrad ¢ Sin(aZ] ts (AZ), Jo . c (2-1) (2-2) . fay ' Whe Cc oe the ciscle Jz) =3 Vraversed fy ?y OnHelockusts » Aivecdim — gsi) ber ? st {@2) > } Sintaz’) + 9 Caz) 4, “ ¢ C2-1)(2-2) COS) 2S (21) (2-2) Fo Shr wel, Zee mn tahfl 2~1 : . > i DX Sofa to 0 Res fc =1) . (aS Ca we fe ~ Gna$ Cin =I a ii ! Residus af 2-2 Res {0 2) = ty, Is Ban a (2-) ; ~ Painter oy | ( =) poten ani CI4) = Fal na 0 af cfs Hu “conbenn olefined! by [2] = Volus “f tte tnbewrradl plz feo © Ce Cnr ‘Oni So? — Co.s. D> Sirr2= 0 > Snecro => Z22hn ne o Piet, 2 > Z=O, tn, tex, - 2+ 8 |) 2r0 > (0,0) .- > ZA S (Ajo) So only Zeo Ont butes , other points a