AUGUST LIVSHITZ

chru

FIRST CHALLENGE
 CADOGA CHESS BOOKS

Test Your Chess IQ

First Challenge
CADOGANCHESSSER~

ChiefAdvisu: O.arry K.asparov

Ed;tor: Mumy Cban<iJer
Russian Ser~es Ed;tor: Ken Neal

01l1tr CADOGAN CHESS books include:

AVERBAKH HARDING & CAFFERTY

Chess MiddJeg_ames: Essential Knowledge Play th~ E\'ans Gambit

BAGIROV LALIC
English Opening: Classical and Indian The Queen'$ Indian Defence

BAGIROV NEISHTADT
English Opening: Symmetrical The Queen's Gambit Accepted

BRONSTEIN & R)RSTENBERG KALLAl

Th~ So~erer's Apprentice Basic Cbess Opeoi._gs

DAMSKY K.RASE 'KOV

The Heavy Pioccs in Aclloo Open Spanish

GUFELD TA1MANOV
An Opening Repertoire for the ALtack.ing Player Taimaoovs Selected Games

KASPAROV TIMMAN
Lessons io Otess Studies and Gam~

MDNIS VAN RlEMSDUK AND HAJENIUS

Practical Opening Tip.-; The Final Countdown

MEDNIS & CROUCH WATSON

Rate Your Endgame Play dte french (nc:w edition)

for a oomplete catalogue of CADOGAN CHESS books (whach includes the former
Pergamon Chess aCid Maxwell Macmillan Cbessllst) please write to:
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Test Your Chess IQ

First Challenge

by
AUGUST LIVSHITZ
Translated and edited by
KEN NEAT

CADOGAN
I /I< \ \
First published 1981 by Pergamon Press as Test Your Chess JQ. Book I.
Seoond Edition 1988. Reprinted 1989.

This edition publi,shed 1997 by Cadogan Books. pte, 2729 Berwick St. London W1V JRF.
Copyright tg 1981 August Uvshitz
English Translation e 1988 Ken Neat

All rights ~ No part of this publication may be reproduced, stor-ed in a retrie,al

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A CIP catalogue record for this book i!O a\'ailable from the British Library

ISBN I &~744 139 7

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 Contents
Editors Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vu

Tests 1- 56. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Progress Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Indu: of Players . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

 Editor's Note
A s PEIUI tramer from lhe Soviet Cbes$ School. Au3ust Livslutz has produced a classic
handbook to help the aspiring player develop his or her combinational kills. The different
tacucal lhemes have been co.refully selected and arranged to buj)d and consolidate themes
learnt, and will prove e~cclJem sntdy material either for home study or a aroup m a o;chool or
chess club.
For the scriou~ ~tudent it 1s imptrarlvc to pay careful autntion to the following introduction
by lhe author, as thh holds c.he key to approach.ing the tests in a systemacic way and achieving
lhe maximum J>O$Sible itnprovemetu from the coorse.
When studying che diagrams, please note that w (' B') be.s1ck: a diagram number indicatc-o;
lhat it is White {Black) to move. while ' indicates that the player to move is aimin,g for a draw
rather than a win.
This book is the first of a three-volume graduated series. and cbe oompaaion 'lolumes, Test
Your Chest IQ: Master ChaJ.lt"n:g.e aod Test Your Chess IQ: Grandmaster CbaJJenee. are
al11o available from Cadosan.
 Introduction
~eombi nanon is the s.ool o f cbess.
Altunder Aktbi:ne

ANYONE beginning a systematjc study of chess is invariably faced by the quescion: with
what should I start? One of the greatest of chess teachers, the Cz~.h grandmasler Richard
Reti , wrote: 'First you should learn to mate oombinadons, before attemptmg to play
positionally.' This principle has been confirmed throughout the history of chess ~ and we
seriously advise ever}' chess player to firmly adopt it.
The combinations given in this boot are the fruits of the efforl$ not only of outstanding
masters~ but also of littJe-lcnown players, and even of players who are qujte unknown. It
cannot be disputed ,that systematic work on the solving of the given combinatjons will rais~
your chess strength significantly, and allow you to determine for yourself the class of piayer
co whlcb you belong. One of the greatest players of alJ time, the former World Champion
Jose Raul Capablanca, defined the importance of an acquaintance with combinations as
follows: 'The majority o( chess players are interested primarily an combinations and direct
attacks on the king; &uch an interest is to be whole-heartedly encouraged, smce at develops
the imagination, whjcb is so necessary for a chess player. And only later. when a player
achieves considerable strength, do que&tio1lS associated with the positional as.pect of play
begin to intere~ him.

Comblntlonl themes
In o.rder to consolidate the acquisition of skin. the tests m this book have been arranged
according to definite combinational themes. Most of these themes are self..explanatory
('double attack' discovered checlc', 'utilization of open file&', etc .)~ but others may be
1

unfamiliar (e.g. 'diversion', 'decoy', 'interference') . Attempts at solving these tes-ts will
soon familiarize cbe reader with the meaning of these various themes, but for anyone who
require$ prior knowledae on the subject of oombinational themes, we can recommend pp.
10-SO of Nebhtadt's CattUtroplie in tht Optning (Pergamon Pr,ess, 1'980).
lt may sometimes seem that the motif or theme of the combination is not exactly tho one
indicated. Don't be in a hurry to follow your fust inclination, and as~gn the combination to
a different theme. h should be pointed out that one frequently comes across combinations
in which various ideas are combined. These are closely reJated one to another and the I

theme is defined depending on the final goal. To explain this , let us take the followi ng
~"Xample :
 Introduction

This position is taken hom the pme Bakulin-8romtetn, played at Kiev in 1965. It &s.
Black to move. The unfortunate position of the white king (the motif ofthe combination)
allows the following combination to be carried out:
1 ... BdJU The very first move pursues two aims; the vacating of the 'g' file, and the
diverting of the white queen. l Q xdJ The only reply, otherwise the knight is lost. l ...
Jtal + !! The king is decoyed to gl. 3 Kx al ~ + Discovered check. 4 NeJ 4 Khl is met by
4 ... Qf2. when mate is inevitable. 4 . .. Rx eJ 5 QfS + Re6+ l Again discovered check.
6 Kill Qrl! White resigned, since on 7 Qg4 there follows 7 ... QxeJ + 8 Ogl Ox gl + 9
Kxgl el = 0 mate. One combination, but bow many combinational themes!

Typlal mitk nd how to void thm

In order to relate a ptayer's success n solving these tests to his 'cbess IQ', some sample
tests wer-e se.nt to a number of players. co'ering a wide range of abltity. The solutions
submitted also revealed various errors of a generaJ nature:
1. The correct idea is found , but an incorrect order of moves employed, making the
combination le effective, or even rotaRy unsound.
2. The solution found ls insufficiently incisive. If one side has a m.~shing position. you
can normally expect there to be a ,crushing solution1
3. Occasionally, moves are uggested which are physically impossible! This normally
oocurs due to difficulty in envisaging the position several moves ahead, a skiH which.
can only come with practi~ .
4. The most common error is an underestimation of the opponent's resoutces. Try to
take account of aU the opponents possibte defences!

Gettlnf1 the mNt out of thll book

By solving a series of position' all displaying the same theme, a player will gradually
acquire a feel' for wben sucb a combmatjon is po$SibJe. Until such a sk.iJI is acquired, it is
advisable to make an evaluation of eacb position, before endeavouring to find the
combination. In the sohi ng of each position . we therefore recommend that, lnstead of
rushing in and examining the firs.t sacrifice which comes to mind. you should ask your5elf
the followiJla questions, which should enable maximum benefit to be gained from the
book:
 Introduction he
1. What is the materia] situation? (If 1 am a rook down , l will have to find something
pretty drastic, such as mate or the win of the opposing queen!)
2. Are there any (permanent) strategic factors in my fa.vour? Do I control the centre. do
1 have a superiority of forces around the opponent's king, is his king exposed, does he
bave any weak pawns or squares. etc.
3. Are there any (temporary) tactica faetors that I can eKploit? ls the opponent's back
rank weak, are any of his pieces undefended, are there any geometrical relationships
between tbe pieces. etc.
4. Having determined the advantageous featlrtes of my po$ition, can I find a sequence
of moves which will eqlloit them , using the stated theme as a guide?

TKIIJing tiNI tests

All the examples in this book are given in the form or tests, io. each of which: there: are
eight positions to be solved. A correct solution to a position scores 5 pomts, so m each test
there are 40 points to be gained. The solver should remember that a game ofchess does not
continue indefinitely, and that the solving of each test must be limited by time. In each
spedflc test we indicate approximately the time which is allowed. If you confine yourself to
this time, well and good. If on the solution of the test you spend more than the indicated
time, then from tbe total sum of points gained you should s.ubtract penalty points at the
rate of 1 point for e~ery extraS minutes. If, on the other hand, you sohe the test more
quickly, tben for each S minutes aved add I point to your score. If you are unable to solve
all the posltions 1 then subtract 5 points from your total for each unsolved example .
The tests are in tended ror players ofclub strength, corresponding approximaaely to thard
to fourth categories in the USSR (about l00--120 on the BCF scale, o r 1900-1550 on the
ELO scale). How should you set about solving the tests on your own? Apart from. a ch~s
set, you will need pen and paper to write with. Set up the first position. and wrrnOUT
MOVINO THE PIECES , attempt to solve it using the procedure outlined above. On finding the
solution to the first position ~ write it out in fuU . On no account should you check your
an~wers .after each individual position. If you have solved aU the positions correclly. and
within the allotted time, you score the indicated number of points. his not a tragedy if the
number of points you score at firs& is low. You will see for yourself that, after you ha\e
tackled four or fhe tests , the number of points you score will constantly increase
Your solu.tions to a test shouJd be checked only when you have finished solving all the
positions in the given test. We deLLberately repeat and draw your attention to this pt>int.
The time spent checking should not be included in the time allotted to the solving of the
test. Uyou experience difficulty in trying to solve a position, do not be in a burry to look up
the answer. Remember that , by solving a position yourself. you have already made a step
forward.

YourcheuiQ
The que!$lion a.s to ho~ often you shouJd do these tests will no doubt have oocurred to
you. It is desirable that you should solve one or two rests a week . The total number of
points that you can score is 2240. plu~ the bonus points for usmg less tame.
As was mentioned earlier , a set of sample tesu was sem out 10 a wide range of
\'olunreet1, and on the ba i of their solutions we can ugge t the following table for
asseuing }'Our 'Chess 10', whlch we give in term.s of a BCf or ELO rating:
X In trod vet/on

P'~rceruay score Actual tcote Bcr tauog ELO tllllDJ

100 2240 200 2200

90 2015 175 2.000
AO 179() 150 1800
10 1570 11S 1600
60 1145 100 1400
so 112.0 75 1200

It is no tragedy if you score less than 1100 points, so don't be discouraged. Oearly, you
still l\ave to work at at. You will discover your deficiencies, and it follows that you will have
the opportunity to eradicate them . And lt is onJy by trying that you achieve anything .

The progre chrt

At the back of the book we give a chart on which you can record your scores. To give an
example of &be scoring procedwe in a particular test. suppose that in one position you fail
completely to find the solut.ion-dedoct 5 points. In another position you find the correct
initial move, but fail to consider the best defence-deduct 3 points. (Tbe maner of ex.actly
how many points to deduct for an incomplete solution we lea\e up to your judgement and
honesty.) You solve all the other six positions correctly. but ta~e a total time o( 53 minutes,
compared with the .recommended time of 45 minutes. Your bask score is therefore
40- 8;:!!32, the excess time islO minutes (to the nearest5 minutes) t which means a penalty
of 2 pointst leaving a net score of 30 points.
There is also a space in which to record your comments on a particular lest . (Perhaps on
the degree of difficulty of the test or a particular positiont o.r- heaven forbidr- a mistake
in the author's solution.)

Good luck!
Tests
1-56
2

Test 1 Poaltions 1- 1
Theme-Oouble attack', time for thought-4S minutes.

l W 1 w
 Tut1 3
3 .. 4 B

' . I 9o'
4
Solutions to THt 1
1. 8 M k-5aila, Stockholm, 1946.
1 QeS!! Resigns.
2. SzabO-Ban, Budapest, 1947.
1 Qe5 fl Qf8 2 0 Xf4 1 Resigns.
3. Domult-Lutskan . USSR, 1976.
1 NdS t cxdS 2 QxdS+ Kb8 3 Qxa8 and wim. White missed tbjs opportunity in the
game, which ended in a draw.
4. Tolush-Simagin. Moscow. 19S2.
t . . . Qgl +! 2 X x gl Nxe2+ White raig,ns.
S. Gligoric-Smyslo-v, Amsterdam, 1971.
1 ... Qf4!! White resips (any move by the rook i'an'""red by 2 . . . Rxf3! 3 Q Xf3
B x e4).
6 . Oehlplank-Pardon, Con . 1976.
1 . .. Nf3 + I White resigns (since if 2 gxf3, then 2 . .. Q,S+ and J ... Rx d2).
7. Bassler-Scheichel, Grootnaen. 1m.
1 . .. Nx g3! White resiJD.S (2 Nxf$ Ncxc2+!, .o r 2 Qx gJ Nx u +).
8. k.rogiut-Martyusbov, Tula, 194-9.
1 0<:6!! Resi3ns (1 ... Q X~ 2 Nxe7+ and 3 Nxc6).

T t 2 Potitiont 9- 11
This test Is more difficult than the previous one, and so the time allotted is greater-SO
minutes.

f I tO 'W
 Test2
ll w 12 B

t)

Jj w
I Double attack
S(JiutJon$ to TNt 2
9. Epe.rrRoislag, Amersfoort, 1946 (variation).
1 ... Qh5!, and Black wins, in vtew of the two dtreats of 2 ... QxdS+ and 2 ..
Bh3+ followed by 3 .. . Qdl + , against whk:h White has no d~fence. The posjtion in
the diagram was adjudicated, the adjudicator being Ex-World Champion Euv.1t. The
.result of the adjudication was . . . a draw.
10. Kolarov- Khadzhipetrov. Sofia. 1955.
l R ><b41 Qxb4 2 Na41, and White won two pieces for a root.
11. Bolestavsky-Smy$lov. Moscow, 1950.
1 Nxb5! QxbS 2 Ba4, and \\' hlt.e woo a pawn.
12. Debamor- Rogoff. Las Palmas, 1976.
1 .. . NxeS! 2 dxe5 Qt6!, and Black regains llis piece, remaining a pawn up.
13. Paoti-Andersson, U., Dortmund, 1973.
J . . Bg5 P2 Bxf4 (or 2 Qxg5 Nh3+) 2 . . . B x b6 White resigns.
14 . Matlison-Wright, Bromley, 1945.
1 NxdSl! Qd7 2 e7+!! Resigns.
15 . Boleslavsty- Bisguier , Helsinki, 1952.
1 Nxd5!! e x dS 2 Bc7 Qe8 3 Oxd5 Re$lgns.
16. Sokolsky-Nci, Odessa, 1960.
1 Nxd51! cxd5 2 Be? Oe8 3 Qxd5 Resigns .

Test 3 Positions 17-24

This is not much more complicated than Test 2, but you have already gained some
e~periencc , and the theme is familiar, so the time you bould spend is 40 minutes. If you
manage everythang, 40 points are yours, but if not, lhen for eacb position not solved deduct
5 points.

J' w l& 8
 Tft6f 3 7
w

:t 8

!) w u w
I
Solution to THt 3
17. Potugayevsky-Antoshin, Leningrad, 1956.
White is the e;Jtcl\ange up , and is bound to win. But it is interesting lO follow how
elegantly Polugayevsky concludes the pme . .. 1 g6!! Q x g6+ 2 Rg3 Qd3 (the only
move, since 3 Q x d8 was threatened) 3 BaS! Resigns.
18. Lovass-Titkos, Hungary. 1971.
1 ... Rbx<:4t! 2 bxc4 R xd2 3 Qxd2 QP! White resigm (on 4 f3 or 4 g3 there
foUows 4 ... Nh3+ ).
19. Cbemyakov- Belyuchik, Loch., 1953.
1 Q xd7!! Bxd7 2 Nf6+ Kh8 3 Nxe8+ Resigns.
20. Botvinnik-Golombek, Mosoow, 1956.
1 B x g7 Kxg7 2 Rcll Qd? 3 a4 Relips (on 3 . .. Nt7 4 Qd+ Blade loses his
knight) .
21. Sznapik- Gaprindasbvili , Sandomierz, 1976.
1 ... 0 Xcl+l 2 QXcl 8 Xb21 and Blade wins, since if 3 Q x b2, then 3 . . . Rel
maee.
22. Duckstein- Jchanson, Moscow, 1956.
1 Nf6+! Kn 2 Q xg7+!1 Kxg7 3 Ne8+ Religns.
23. Serra-Paidusis, Varna, 1962.
1 R x e7!t Qc6 (if 1 . .. Rxe7, then 2 N/6+) 2 Rxf7 RxdS 3 Qc31 Resigns.
24. Momo-MacOovan, Moscow, 19S6.
I Qf8+! R xf8 2 Rxf8+ Kxt8 3 Nxd7+ Ke8 4 NxeS Re5tgns.

Test 4 Positions 25-32

The last one on this theme. It is considerably more complicated than the previous tests.
Time for solution-50 minutes.
 Test4 t
n a

lO w

ll w
10 Discovered attsck
Solution to T_, 4
25. Bagirov-Kbolmov~ Baku, 1961.
1 ... R x el + ! 2 Rxd Re2!! White~ (against the two threats of 3 . Qxf1+
and 3 ... QxcJ there is oo defence) .
26. Bymc-Tarjan, USA Ch., 1975.
1 Qh3! Resigns (1 ... K xp 2 Qh7+, 3 Qlt8+ and 4 Qxb8).
27. Geller- Tseshk.ovsky, Mosc:ow, 1974.
1 ... d4 2 Ba5 (2 Bdl is met by 2 . . . R xd2) 2 . . . Re51 White resigns.
28. Popov-Buljovclc, Sombor, 1966.
1 Re8+ ! R x e8 2 Qxg7 +! Kx g7 3 fxe8 a N+!I Resigns.
29. Boleslavsky-Taimaoov, Moscow , 1951.
1 d6t cXd6 2 cxd6 Nxd6 (on 2 . .. Rxd there follows 3 d7f) 3 RdJ Resigns.
30. Strautinsch-Gundcrman , Corr., 1970.
1 B X&6 h Xg6 2 Rh8+! KXb8 3 Nr7+ Resigns.
31. Balashov- Bronstein, 43rd USSR Ch., 1975.
1B X a4 Q Xa4 2 R X c 8 R Xc8 3 Nb6+ f gx b6 (or 3 . . Kh8 4 Q'><f7Nf6 5 Qg8+ Nxg8
6 Nfl mate) 4 Qg4 + Kh8 5 Qxc8 Resigns.
32. Rantanen-Cardoso, Skopje, 1972.
1 Bx f6 Bxf6 2 Ne4 Qe7 (2 . .. QXc43 Nd6+ ) 3 d6! Qd84 d7+ I Kf8 (if 4 . .. B xd7,
tben 5 Qxd7+ Q'>< d7 6 NXf6+) S Nxf6 Resigns.

Test 5 Posltlona 33-40

Time for thought 40 minutes. Since me theme, 'Discovered auaclc' ~ is new. the test is
relatively simpJe. For the correct solution of all positions. add 40 points to your score.
Deduce S points for eacll position not sotved.

D 8
 11
1! w J6 8

, .... w

.... tO I
12
Solutions to r..t 5
33. Peuusha-Yushkevich, Minsk, 1967.
I .. Be4!! White resigns.
34. BMk- Halfdanarsson, Bevcrwijk, 1962.
I NdS!! Resigns (1 ... cxdS 2 R xa7+11, or 1 ... Qxc:2 2 Nc7 mate).
35. Triluoovio-Aaron, Beverwijk, 1962.
I 8&81 Resigns (against 2 Qh7 mate or 2 Rxd8 there is no defence).
36. Mario-Giigoric, Belgrade, 1962.
I ... Rb31! White resigns.
37. Boncb-Osmolovsk)'-Ragotin, Lvov, 19SI.
I NdSl Resigns.
38. Nilsert-Laustscn, Denmark, 1959.
I c6l Qxa 2 Bxc2 Nxc6 3 Bxe7 Nxc7 4 Rxd7, and White won.
39. Bryntso-Erlksen, Corr., 19SO.
I Ne7+! Kh8 2 Rxf7l! Resigns.
40. Johanssort-Messing, Berlin, 1973.
I ... Qxbl +!I 2 Nxbl Ba6!! Whit.e resigns.

Test 6 Positions 41....S

Pay attention to the solutions when chcelring your answers. In a number of positions,
besides the main variation there are also subsidiary variations, and if your solutions are
incomplete, or if a subsidiary variation is omitted, for each instance reduce your score by
2-3 points. Fifty minutes arc allotted to this test .

<I w
 Tnt6 13

.,. ... 41 ....

14 OIICOvered check
Solution to rm B
41. Za.lesnl)-Engen. Corr., 1972-3.
1 ... :&5+! White resigns (2/0JJ Ng4!.' 3 Q><d8 N/2+ 4 Kgl NXH+ 5 Khl Ng3
mate ,. or 2 Kfl Ng41.' 3 Qxd8 Nxhl mate).
42. Richter-WU12., Berlin, 1957.
1 Rxe6fl Re$igns (1 .. . QX/62 Rcl + andJ R xf6~or 1 ... Q><el 2RXd R Xel 3
Qd+).
43. Kiffmeyer-sandmeyer. Welt Germany. 1970.
1 BcS! b><e5 2 8 Xe6+ Kh8 3 Rd7 RC$\Jn_s.
<44. Kuindzhi-Jama, Lvov, 1960.
1 R Xe7 + ! K><e7 2 Qe4+ K.d8 3 Nc:6+ 8 Xc6 4 Qxb4 BbS S Q x d6+ Resigns.
45. Strautinscb-Muller. Corr.. 1971- 3.
1 e6!r QxcS 2 NfS+ Q x fS 3 QxfS Religns (on 3 . .. gxf5 there follows4 ~ x d7).
46. Deschauer-Meyer., Corr. , 1952-3.
1 N x g6+f! h x g6 2 Ba7! Qxa7 3 Qh6 mate.
47. Pan-Wheatcroft, London Cb., 1938.
1 Rh511 Qxd7 (on 1 ... Q45 there follows 2 R x h6+ / B><h6 J NgJ mate) 2 Ng;S +
Kh8 3 R x h6 mate.
48. Bagirov-Zilbenhtain, Rostov, 1971.
1 Rb8+ I R ><b8 2 R Xb8+ Kh7 (or 2 . .. Kf7 3 Ne4!) 3 Nf5!! Resigns (J ... g></5 is
answered by 4 Qlt4+ aod S QhS mate).

Test 7 Positions 49-58

Theme-'Oisco\lered Check'. A relatively simple test. Taking into account your previous
experience and tbe two previous tests. you should e-asily cope with it. Time for this test is 40
minutes.

11/9 w 50
Test 7 15
.12 I

S4 8
"
Solution to Tett 7
Discovtlred chtJCk

49. Smyslov-Rabar, Helsinki , 1952.

1 Rxd5 1l Resisns (1 ... exd5 2 t6+).
SO. Grinfeld-Medyanikova, Tbilisi, 1973-4.
I .. . O x 82+ I! White resisns (after 2 Kxtz d4+ Black wins).
51. KochieY-Marit , Kapfenberg, 1976.
I Rd8 +1 Resip!S.
52. Zolotarev-steblyanko, USSR, 1976.
I ... R xc2! Wh.ite resigns (2 Qxc2 Qel+. or 2 K xcl Nfl+).
53. Reshevsky-Byme, USA , 1973.
1 .. . Qx82+112 Kx82 B xeS+ White resisns.
54. Lochov- Bishop, Corr., 1946.
1 .. . Nxd51! 2 tXd5 B xtl+ White resip1s.
SS . Kristev-Tringov, Skopje, 1961.
1 .. Ohl+ ll White resigns (on 2 K xhl tbere follows 2 ... Rx hJ+3 Kgl R.hl
mate).
56. Olssoo- Dahl. Vlsteris, 1959.
I .. . 0 xd2!! 2 Qxd2 e3+ White resigns.

Test 8 Positions 57- 64

A oontinuation of the previou.s theme. 1be examples are slightly more difficult, bu.
oevenbeless not exteptionally so. For this test the time for solution is 45 minutes.

11
 TatS
..., . 17

8 62 I
11 The pin
SolutiOM to TNt B
57. N. N.-Evans, Loadon, 1946. (From a simultaneous display with docks.)
1 ... Ne1+!! 2 Kg! (or 2 Nxoo RP+ J Bgl Bf3+ 4 Qg2 Bxg2 mate) 2 ... Qhl+ ll
White resigns (if J Kxltl, tben J . . . Rfl+ 4 Bgl B/3+ j Qg2 Bxg2 mat.e ).
58. MacKelvie>-Challis, Hastings, 1951.
1 Re7++!! Kxe7 2 f6 mate.
59. Y.islov-Viktorov, USSR, 1971.
I Bh7 + Kf8 2 Ne6+1 fxe6 3 Bxd6 mate.
60. Ivanov, N.-Belenlty, Leningrad, 1974 (variation).
1 ... Ral + 2 Kh2 Rh3+ 13 gxh3 (J KxltJ Rhl mate) 3 .. . 13+ 4 ReS Bxe5 mate.
61. Serebrislcy-Solmanis, Kaunas, 1946.
1 ... Bxfl+!! 2 Kxf2 Qb6!! (2 ... Qlt4+ is a miltake on a~t of J Kgl R xt1 4
Bg5/l) 3 Rxe6 Rxf4++ White resigns (oo 4 KgJ comes 4 . .. fxdi S Rxf4 g5; no
better fo r White was J BeJ Rd2+ ).
62. Troianescu- Pog4ts, Bucltarest, 19St.
1. .. Rxg2+!!2 Khl (on2 Kxg2 there follows2 ... c:J+) 2 ... e313 QxeJ Rxfl+
White resigns.
63. Olekhover- Lutikov, Leni ngrad , 1951.
I ,,. Rxb2+! 2 Kxb2 Qh6+ 3 Kgl Bxd4+ White resigns.
64. Schmid, L.- Rossolimo, Heidelberg, 1949.
1 ... R xg2+ 11 2 Kxg2 R xf2+13 Bxf2 e3+1 White resigns.

TNt 9 Positions 65-72

The theme in this and tbe two following tests is 'The pin', one of the most commonly
occurring. Time for this test-40 minutes.

. ..,
 Tut9 11

.. w

1t I
20 The pin
Solution. to THt 9
65. Romaois.bin-Poutiainen, Yerevan, 1976.
1 Qg6! Rnigns (J ... fxg6 aJJov..s2 Nf6 mate, while 1 . .. Bxd5 2 Bx dS Qe7 1oscs
to J Rxfl Rxf7 4 R/1).
66. Euwe-NesOer, Dubrovnik, 1950.
l RgSt! Resigns (I ... [Xg5 is met by 2 Qh8+ Rg8 3 Rfl +).
67. Padevsk.y-Hildtbnndt, Oevle , 1956.
1 Qxb6+!t Resiwts (1 ... Kxlt6 2 Rlt3+ Nh5 3 g5+ Kh l 4 R x hS+ Kg8 5 R x h8
mate).
68. Un:zicker-sanch~. Stockholm, 1952.
1 Rt8!! Resigns (if I ... Qxc8. them 2 Ne7+ ).
69. Bruodtrup-Budricll, Berlin, 1954.
J 8cS Bb6 2 Of4+ I Resigns.
70. Ev~Bisguier . Philadelphia, 1957.
1 Oa3 + Qe7 (on 1 ... Kg8 there foUows2 B x hl+) 2 Bc61! Resigns.
71. Trifunovio-Golombek, Amsterdam , 1954.
1 g4! gS (l . .. Qb4 doe not help in viewof2 Re4 followed by J g.S) 2M , and White
wins. (There followed 2 .. . Kg6 J Be4+ Nxe4 4 k5 + Kh l 5 R xj7+ aJld 6 Qg7
mate.)
72. Bak.hir-Nikitin. Moscow, 1956.
1 . .. B Xd4+! 2 ex d4 Rx f3, and Black wins (J NgJ is answered by 3 ... R Xfl' +).

Test 10 Positions 73-80

The same t heme . but a slightly more difficult test, for which 50 minutes are allowed.

7J .8
Tett 10
22 The pin
SolutloM to T.-t 10
73. Hanse~Moller, Oslo, 1962.
I .. RxJ2 2 RxgZ 1'21! White rcsjgm. 2 Rdl would not have saved the pme, on
ICCOWII of 2 .. f2. while after 2 Rd4 Rxc2 Blldt wins.
1. Baitam~ik , Moscow, 1963.
I ... Rc2!! 2 Bxc2 (on 2 QtJ there follows 2 ... Nu+ 3 Kf1 Ng4+) 2 ... Ne2
mate.
7S. Keret--Siiwa, GOteborc, 19SS.
I Qb3 Rad8 2 NxfS! R xfS 3 Rxe4!1, and White won. There foUowed 3 ... ~ 4
Qx~ dxo4 S g4 R13 6 Be3.
76. Goldschmidt-Bobm, London, 1973.
I . NxgS! 2 fXgS Rxe3! While reslans (on 3 Qxe3 there follows 3 . .. Bd4).
n. Durac>-Catozzi, Dublin, 19S7.
I RfH I! Kh5 2 Rb4+ 11 &Xb4 3 1 mate.
78. Kasparov-Browne, Banja Luka, 1979.
I Bh7+! Kxh7 2 Qxe6 Resigm.
79. Radulov-Zoderborg, Helsil1ki, 1961.
I Rxf7!! Kx g7 2 Qg4+ Kb8 3 QhS Resigm.
80. Lasker, &1.- AvaUa, New York, 1947.
I QaH Qc6 2 Rd8+ !1 Kxd8 3 Qxc6 ResiJns.

Tnt 11 Positions 81-11

Continuation of the theme 'The Pin and its exploitation'. The difficulty of this tell ~
appcoximately the same as that of the previous one. Takin& ICICOUOI of tbc fact that you arei
already familiar with similar examples, the time for the solvinl of this test is ..0 minutes
 Test 11 23

16W

, 8
U Diversion
Solution to Tnt 11
81. Damelson-Btomberg, Sweden, 1967.
1 . .. Rfe8! 2 Qfl Q x f2 +1! 3 Qx2 Rel mate.
82. Sak.harov- Rovner. Lvov, 1951.
1 Rxg6!! h x g62 Bx e5Kf8 (on2 .. . Rc8thercfoUowsJQx g6.') 3 8 Xb8, and White
won. On 3 ... Rxb8 there comes 4 Qd3.
83. Holtz- Pangaben, Leipzig, 1960.
1 R x d7!~ Q x d7 2 Nf6+ gx f6 3 Qxh6 Resigns.
84. Kraidman- Bemstein, Tel-Aviv, 1967.
1 Rf3r! x dl2 R x f7 Q x f7(on1 . .. Qd8tbere foUowsJ RJB mate)3Qd7! Resigns.
85. Hamann-Ornstein, Malmo, 1974.
1 . .. N x c2! 2 Rxc2 RfeS 3 Bd4 f6! White resigns.
86. Tatanntsev-Zemtsov, Kazan, 1966.
1 Qf3!1 8 Xb3 (J . .. 8 Xf3 2 R Xf7 mate) 2 R XC7+H 8 x f7 3 Ne6+ Resigns.
87. Qwnones-Paoli, Skopje. 1972.
1 . .. RO!! 2 Nc4 Rg3!! 3 Qd2 R xg2+ White resians.
88. Picbler- Etingen, Montreal, 1967.
I R x c5+ Kb8 2 OeS + Qd6 3 Rdll! Resigns.

Teet 12 Positions 89-98

A new 1hcmc-"Di"Version, one of the most com mon in practical .Play. In this test there are
eight relatively simple examples. lime for solution 40 minutes.

90 ....
 T"t 12 21
~: w 92 w

,, 8

9& I
21 Diversion
Solutions to Tnt 12
89. Shtemberg-Gulnin, USSR, 1968.
I R x fSI gxfS 2 QxhS+! R xhS 3 Bf7 mate.
90. Fi.scher-Bcnk6, New York , 1965.
I Qe8+!! Resigns (on 1 ... Rxe8 comes 2 Bd5+, and wins).
91. Botvinnik- Keres, Moscow, 1966.
1 Rb8!1 Resigns(/ .. . Qxb8 is answered by 2 Qxh4, with inevitable mate).
92. Reshevsky-Larsen, Palma de Mallorca, 1971.
1 NgS!! Resigns.
93. Chekhover-5okolsky, Leningrad, 1947.
1 .. Ba6!! White re5igns (2 bS is met by 2 ... B xbSf).
94. Muchnik-Voronkov, Moscow, 1948.
I Qa4+!! Rxa4 2 c8=0 mate.
95. MobiurHcnnings. Dresden, 1973.
I ... Ra8!! White resigns (on 2 Qxa8 comes 2 . .. Bb5 mate).
96. Spanier- Lorenz, Hannover, 1965.
I ... QaS!! White resigns (2 QxaS Nb3 mate, 2 Qd/ Nb3+ 3 QxbJ Qd2 mate, or 2
Bdl Ne2+ 3 8Xt2 Qd2 mate).

Test 13 Positions 97-104

The same theme, and a similar degree of difficulty. Therefore the solving time is reduced ~
35 minutes.

, ...
 T~st 13 27
1!0 .8

101 ... IO:Z I

LOI W
za Divert/on
SolutioN to Tm 13
1}7. Tan-Pirc, Beverwijlt, 1963.
I Ral!! Resig~s (/ ... Qxal 2 Qc4+ ).
98. Ustinov-Stein. MOSQOW, 196S.
I ... Rd71! White resip (2 Qxd7 is met by 2 .. . Ng3+ 3 hxg3 Qh5 mate).
99. Hon-Byme, R., Varna, 1962.
I Nxc6!1 Nxd3+ 2 Kd2 Resigns (there is no defence against 3 NdS).
100. Momo-Byme, R., Varna, 1962.
I .. . Rc2!1 White resip (on 2 Qxc2 comes 2 ... NfH 3 Kh4 Qg4 mate}.
101. Pavlovio-Maric. Yugoslavia, 11}72.
I &411 Resigns (1 . .. Qxc4 is met by 2 Qxla6+! Kxh6 3 Rh3 mate).
102. Huh- Rozenblatt, Stoc:ltholm, tm.
1 . .. Qd2+! White resi&ns.
103. Ludolf-Kots, Leningrad, 1962.
I Rd8+!! Resigns (1 .. . R xd8 2 Qc3+ , or 1 ... Qxd8 2 Qt5+).
104. Jamiesoo-Guogaabasar, Nice, 11}74.
I Ra8+11 Resigos(ifl ... Bxo8 tben 2 &6+ , or 1 .. . Ncb82 R xb8+1 Nxb83 Rc7
mate).

Tnt 14 Positions 105- 112

The same theme. The diffic:ulty has increased, but only slightly. Time for solution of this
test is 30 minutes.

... ...
 Test 14
1117 B 101 8

109 w no 8

Ill .... lll w

30 Diversion
SolutioM to TeR 14
lOS. Bar~imagin , Moscow, 1949.
l ... Na3+ ! White resigns (2 Nxa3 Ka).
106. Stein- Smyslov. Moscow, 1972.
1 Rh8!!, and White woo. After 1 . . . Rg6 2 fx g6 R x b8 3 Bc6 8 lack came out a piece
down. and resigned.
100. Stoltz- Kotov , Stockholm, 1952.
1 . . Qf311 Whiter~ (2 B x f3 is answered by 2 . .. Rgl mate , while after 2
Qxb7+ Kh8 there is no perpetual cbect).
108. Kozma-Aister, Prague, 1952.
1 ... Bd411 White resigns.
109. Najdorf-Porat , Amsterdam, 1954.
1 Ne7 t! Resi,gns. The only defence against mate by 2 Og8 is l . .. B x e7, but then
comes 2 Qh8 mate.
110. Pantzkt>--Pakula, Rostock. 1955.
1. .. Qc2!! White resigns. 2Q x c2 falls to2 ... Bf4 mate, and there is no satisfaetot)'
defence.
111 . Gunz.ei-Schwalbe, Berlin, 1966.
1 h6 Rg8 2 Rc8!! Resi,gns (2 . . . Rx g5 2 R x d8+ Rg8 3 Rx d1).
112. Erbis-Kempf. Stuttgart, 1954.
1 Bc6!1 Re5igns (1 ... Qxc6 2 Qe7 mate, or I . .. B x c6 2 Rd8+ ).

Teat 15 Positions 113-120

Continuation of the theme of ' Diversion'. Time for t hought-35 minutes.

I U 'A' 114
 Test 15 31
IIJ 8 116 'II

111 W 118 w

lit ... no w
32 Divenion
Solution to Tm 15
113. Gaidaro\'-Buglak, USSR , 1976.
l eS Qf7 2 R x b7 + Kg8 3 Rh8+ I Resigns.
114. Lucinovic-Simanski, Poznan, 1953.
1 ... Q xe5 + ll 2 Q xe5 h41 3 g4 Rf2 mate.
115. Stokloza-C%inceJ, Krakow, 1965.
1 ... Rei!! 2 Nxellk3+ ! While resigns.
116. Golombet- Rossolimo, Venice, 1950.
1 Ng61 I Resigns. The threat is 2 Rh8 mate, and on the only defence 2 . . . B x g6 the:e
follows 3 Bc4+.
117. Stahlberg-Beeker, Buenos Aires, 1944.
1 Qel + !! R x el 2 g3 mate.
118. Polyak-Khotmov, Riga, 1954 (variation).
1 Qd2!! Qc5 (or 1 ... Q >< d2 2 R~7mate) 2 Q x d5+ , and Whjte wms. since 2 . ..
Q x d5 is again a.nswered by 3 Re7 mare. In the game While faded to spot this
possibility, and the game ended in 1 draw.
119. K.rotikhin-Chaplinsky ~ Moscow, 1950.
1 Nh51! gx hS 2 Rgll Resigns. Against the two threats of Qg7 mate and Rg8 mate
there is no defenc:e.
120. Pancbenko-Garcia, Las Palrnas, 1978.
1 Qb5! Rb8 (if 1 ... RJ8, then 2 Buf) 2 Q x b71 Resigns.

Test 11 Positiont 121-128

The final teSt on the theme 'Diversion'. The time allowed for this lest is 35 minutes.

Ul 'N JU w
 Tut16
w.

L~7 II 125 w
34 Decoy
Solution. to Tnt 16
121. Georgadu-Kupreichik, Kiev, 1973.
1 Ra8+ Kd7 2 Rd8+!! Resign'S.
122. Shablinslcy- Ushka1 Corr . 1974.
1 RaJ+n bxa3 2 b3 mate.
123. EvanrGrefe, USA. 1973.
1 .. . Nh3t! 2 Qe2 Qd2!1 White resigt\$.
124. Lukacs-Biacbtock. Budapest. tfJ17.
1 Re2! Oh6 2 Re6! g6 3 OeS (threatening 4 Re7; if J . . . R/S 4 QxfS . or 3 . . . Nc4 4
Q xd5) 3 ... Nd7 4 Q xdS Resigns.
125. Kurtesch-Aesdl . Bud.pest, 1966.
1 ... Rdl+!! 2 R x dl (on 2 Kj2 there foUows 2 ... Ng4+ ) 2 . .. Nc2+ 3 Kf2 Qc3
mate.
126. Wallis-Horseman , Nottingham, 1954.
1 Qb41 1 Qat+ (if 1 ... Qx b4 then 2 N/6 mate) 2 Bdll! Resigns .
127. Man-Papp, Budapest, 1956.
1 ... R x d6!! 2 R xd6 Rf3+!1 3 gx O Bn mate.
128. Ad.orjan-Fuller, London, 1975.
1 Q xd6! Qxd6 2 8c4+ Rf7 3 B xf7+ Kf8 4 BcS hxg6 5 Bc4! Res.igns.

Test 17 Positions 129-138

A new theme. which occurs in practice almost as frequently as the previous one . The
theme goes by the name of 'Decoy'. The positions are relatively simple. Time for $0lution
of the whole tesl-40 minutes.

U9 8 IJO W
 Ttnt 17
m w

IJ} .,.,

136 w

SolutloM to rm 11
Decoy

129. Zeek-Unk, flensburg. 1959.

1 ... Rdl+!! White resigns (2 QxdJ (JJ2 mate, or 2 KxdJ QxfJ mate).
130. SziiAgy.,..van Steenis, Budapest, 1949.
1 Bd4H 0 Xb4 2 N x e6+ I Resips.
131. KataJymov-ltivitsky, Frunu, 19S9.
1 Bf7+ ! Resigns (J .. K xp 2 t6+ , or I ... K/8 2 B><g6).
132. Zaverbny-Gumlius, Brussels. l9S3.
1 Nn!! K xn 2 d xe6+. and White won the exchange and tM game.
133. Blall-Donner, W~geningen , 19S8.
1 R x d6!1 Q ><d6 2 f><e5 Resip (2 ... Qxd" 3 8{4().
134. Estrada-Giigoric, Varna , 1962..
1 . .. Rxd6! 2 Qxd6 Rd8! White raips.
135. Averbakh-'Peruose. London , 19s-4.
1 R ><d4!1 f4 (or 1 ... e><d4 2 8 Xd4 Q xd4 3 Nxfj+!) 2 R xf4! Rcstgns.
136. Wahher- Bbend, Zurich, 1%4.
1 Rd8+ H K Xd8 (I . .. Bxd8 2 Nd6 mate, or 1 .. . Nxd8 2 Q x e7 mate) 2 B x e7 +
Resigns.

Tnt 18 Positions 137-1.W

Compared with the previous te&t , this is somewhat more di.fficuJt . r~ for thought 45
minutes.

131 II
 Te.t 18
U9 W

141 w

a4.3 1 144 8
31
SolutloM t o Test 1B
137. Madler-Uhlmann, Aschenleben, 1963.
1 ... Rel+ ! 2 Kh2 (or2 Nfl R Xfl+ 3 K xfl Qdl mate) 2 ... Rhl+!! White resi&m
(be is mated after 3 K><hl QhJ+ 4 Kgl Qxg2 mate).
138. Milyutin-Lazarev, Kiev, 1968.
1 ... BM+!! 2 Kf4(or2 K Xh4NXf3+ 3 KgJ NXh24 BXh2f4+.')2 ... No41! White
resigns (tbeTe i$ no defence against J ... d mate).
139. Essegern-Kummer, Halle, 1969.
1 Ne6ll Rf6 (if 1 .. B x t6, then 2 Qxg6+ Rg7 3 Qt8 mate) 2 Rb8+ !! Ra(Jns (if 2
... Kx h8. then J Qh6+ , or 2 .. . Kf7 3 R/8+ K x t6 4 Qd5 mate).
140. Lis:itsyn-Smyslo", Moscow, 1944.
1 ... Rx o41! 2 Q Xo4 Ne3fl, and Black wins. On 3 fxe3lhere foOows 3 .. . Bxe3+ 4
Kfl Qf3+ S Kc 1 Qf2 mate.
J.41. Muffang-Defos, Corr., 1948.
1 Rc711 Qxc7 2 RXd81 Re&igns.
142. van Stceni5-Handke, Detmold, 1953.
1 Qf7+! K x h4 2 Qg61! Resips (2 . .. QtS+ iJ met by 3 g)- Qx &J+ 4 fXgJ mate).
143. Naranja-Portiscb, Siegen, 1970.
1 ... bS!! 2 Bd3 (2 B x bS is answered by 2 . . . RobS J wl -s} 2 ... Ob4+ Whlte
resigns. On 3 Qx b4 comes 3 ... Nx d3+ and 4 . .. Nx b4. while if 3 K.fl OT 3 Kdl.
then 3 ... Qxb3 4 axb3 NxdJ.
144. SUvcneo-Podgomy. Corr . 1949.
1 ... QaS+ !! 2 Kx aS Rxa2+ 3 Kb4 aS mate.

Test 19 Positions 141- 152

Similar to the previous test in complexity; time for solving 40 minutes. and for a coned
solution score 40 points.

lU W t46 ..
 Test 19
.., w 141 w

149 .,.,

JSt W
40 Jnterfertmce
Solution to Tut 11
145. Sokolsky- Kofman, Kiev, 1948.
t Nrm K x n (or 1 . . . Rg8 2 Q><h7) 2 Rfl + Ke8 3 R x f8+ Resigns.
146. BiJek-Kui~n . &verwijk, 1966.
1 Rg7+ Kh8 2 Rh7+ Kg8 3 Rh8 +11 Religns (J .. . K><M 4 g7+).
147. Uus..,.Etruk, Estonian Cb., 1976.
1 NeS! Qe8 2 Bh6+ I (in the pme the less strong 2 Qd7+ was played), and White
wins: 2 . .. K x h6 3 Ng4+. or 2 . .. Kh8 3 Q >< e8 Rxe8 4 N x ,g6+ .
148. Kimelfeld-Bokulin, Mosoow Ch 1976.
1 R x b7+ I Bx b7 2 Qb2 Kg8 3 Q Xh7+ Kl7 4 0Xg6+ ! Resips.
149. Maksimov-Oleinik, Corr., 1971.
1 Ra8+ ! Kf6(1 .. . Kxg82 Bh6/S3 Rc8+ KP4Rf8mate) 2Bd4+ e5 3Rc6+ Ke74
Bc5+ Kd7 5 R.a6! followed by 6 Ra7 mate.
150. I. Zaits.ev-Boncll-Osmolovsky, Moscow, 1'969.
1 B Xe6+ B >< e6 2 R x eti! K Xe 6 3 Qxb611 Resips (if 3 . . . R>< h6 , then 4 Ng5 mate ,
while o n 3 . .. Qxo there follows 4 Ng5+ K/6 5 Rd6 mate) .
1Sl . Wim-Videla , Mendoza. 19SS.
1 B ><c7+! R xc7 2 QeS+ !I K Xe8 3 Rb8+ Re:s.ip.
152. Pavlo\'-Sto lyar , Varna, 1970.
1 RxgSf KxgS 2 Qd2! Qxb3 (desperation. but otheJ moves. similady fail to save
Black) 3 Nt:S + Resigns.

Test 20 Positions 153-180

A new theme , ' Interference'. The time allotted for this test is 45 mnutes.
 Tut20 41
us .... ,,. w

lS7 .,.. ua 1

t S9 8 160 w
42 lnterleren~

SolrltkJn to Tm 20
153. Kaminsky-Osnos, Leningrad, 1968.
1 . . . Bd3!! White resigns.
154. ZiJbersht.ain-Dementiev, Grozny, 1968.
1 NeB!! Resigns.
1S5. Najdorf-Matanovic, Mar del Plata, 1961.
1 Nn+!l Resigns.
156. Simisclr-Ahues, Hamburg, 1946.
1 Re51! Resigns. The immediate 1 f6 does not work: on aooount of 1 . . . Qc5 +. wilh
the exchanle of queens.
lS1. Kupreicbik-TseshkoV$ky, 44th USSR Ch., 1976.
1 Nc8+ 1 Resigns (1 . .. Nc5 2 Qxc5+! Qxc.S 3 Rd8 mate).
158. Lilienthal-Ragmin, Moscow, 1946.
1 .. . Rg411 White re$igns (2 8 Xg4 Qxfl mate , OT 2 Qxg4 fxg4, and wins).
159. Ta\'eroier-Grodner, Cbarlevillc, 19S2.
1 . . . M+f 2 Kg4 f5+ I 3 R ><f5 Rg.2 mate.
160. Reshcvsky-Persit:z, Haifa, 1958.
1 Nf5 H Resigns. On 1 . . gx f5 tbere follows 2 Rh31, while after l . .. B Xf5 2 eX fS
there is no defence against Rh3.

Teat 21 Positions 161-168

We repe.at the theme of 'lnterfere.n~', but the test is significantly more difficult. Time tO
complete it 60 minutes.

161 w 162 8
 TttS't 21
16) w

ltsS 'W L66W

"'' . 161 8
.... OefencfHiimin tion
SolcitloM to THf 21
161. Spassky-Korchooi. Moscow, 1955.
1 Qh2!1 Resigns.
162. Zbu.ravtev- 8orisen.kov, Moscow, 1949.
1 ... d3! White re&ip . On 2 8 x d3 there come1 2 . .. f31 3 Re3 (or 3 Qx~7 QltJ+ 4
Kgl Qltl mate) 3 ... Qhl+4 R&l O X&l + S K X&l Rdl8+ 6 Kfl Rh l mate.
163. Stancbev- Bank.ov, Sofia 1948.
1 Rc6H Resigns (on 1 ... bx c6 there follows 2 Nxf6 mate).
164. Shashio-Oik, Kharkov. 1967.
18h3!! Bx bJ 2 f5!, and White wins. In the gametberefoUowcd t . .. f5 2 BxeS, and
White won.
165. Ur5eaDu-Ansta.siadi, Bucharest, 1960.
1 BdS!! R x dS 2 R. xf7! Resigns.
166. R.agorin-Bronstein. Mosc:low, 194S.
1 Nf4!! R x f4 (or 1 . .. B Xf42 Rt7+Km3 Rt6+ Kc5 4 Rd.5 +) 2 R x d6 Qf7 3 Qb6+
Resigns.
167. Sulim-loffe, USSR , 1976.
1 . . . QfS! 2Qe2 Ne3, and wins: 3 f x e3 (or 3 8 Xt3) 3 .. . Qbl + and 4 ... dl=O, or
3 Q ~ Qg4 +. In the game Black misMd tb:b possibility.
168. Fuchs-Korchnoi, Yerevan , 1965.
1 . .. Bd31! 2 Bxd3 (if 2 R6x d3 or 2 R2 Xd3, tben 2 ... Rtl'+l) 2 . . . 0 Xd6 3 BO
Qc5 White resigns.

Test 22 Poitiont 119-111

We make the acqu.aintanoe of a ne"W tbeme--'Defence-ethnination'. Solving time 4.5
minutes, and witb the proviso that everythiq is solved, add 40 points to your score.

169 a \10 ...

 Tnt 22
11'1 w 172 w

17) ..
4e Oefence-.elimlnation
Solution to TNt 22
169. Moush-Peer, Zurich, 1960.
1 ... Qxf4H 2 e x f4 RhS While re$ign .
170. Lipnitsky-sokolsky, Odessa, 1949.
1 Nd8! Qe7 (if 1 . .. R xd8, then 2 Rc7, while on 1 . .. Qd.5 tbere foUows2 Rfd1!) 2
Qe4!, and White won .
111. Shtirbert-Sabinin, Novosibirsk, 1971.
1 RlfS+ p 2 R xgS+ I! Resips.
172. DonneJ'- Ounkelblum, Be"erwijk, 1964.
1 Nd5+1l Resigns. If 1 ... e x dS , then 2 B xf6++, or 1 ... N xd5 2 Qh7+ !
173. Kottnauer-E . Richter, Bratislava, 1948.
1 Q xe711 Q xe7 2 NxeS ResiJil.S.
174. Echeveri-Raisa, Varna , 1962.
1 R xeS!t dxeS 2 Qf6! Resigns.
175. Wade-Boxall, England, 1953.
1 B x t7! R x f7 (or 1 . .. Qxd4 2 Ng6 mate) 2 N~ + Res1gns.
176. Tal-Suetio, Tbili i, 1969.
1 Qxe5!1 dxe5 2e x f7+ Resigns.lf2 ... Kf8. then 3 Bb6+. wbile 2 ... Kd8or 2 ...
Kd7 is answered by 3 Bf5+ .

Tnt 23 Position 1n-1M

We continue working on the previous theme, but the test is more diffirult. Therefore the
time for solutjon is SO minutes.

rn a ll'l 8
 Te1t 23 47
119 .., ,., w

181 w liD II

Ill W
Solution to Tea 23
tn. Oberle-Pfister, Wilrzburg. 1958.
1 ... Q XO!r 2 gx f3 Rel+ 3 J\g2 Rgl mate.
178. Estrin-Boleslavsk)'. Sverdlovsk. 1946.
1 ... Q xf3+!! 2 BxO R x h4+ 3 Kg2 Bh3+ White retigns.
179. Slobodnikov-Buzbdiizban, Moscow, 1966.
1 R Xf611 K Xf6 2 00 +1 Kx g5 3 Of4+ Resigns . On 2 . .. Kg7 there would have
followed 3 Qn+ Kh6 4 Qh7 + K xgS 5 Qh4+ Kf.S 6 Qf4 mate.
180. Tal-Timman . Skopje. 1972.
1 R XeSI! f x e5 2 NgS Bf6 3 Nxe6 Resigns.
181. Sk\lya-Rozenberg. Riga. 1962.
1 Q xf8+!! R x f8 2 Rxb7+H Kxb7 3 Rhl + Resigns.
182. Fiordeli- Metchior, Argentina, 1954.
1 ... e3!! 2 Q x .5 Q xc4+U 3 bxe4 e2+ 4 R xe2 Rdl+ White resigns.
18"3. Veresov- Demeotey, Minsk, 1966.
1 Bg6rt Ne2 + 2 Qx e2 Qe5 3 BXf1+1 Resips (3 . . . Kx f74 R x d7+ ).
184. Friedrich-Bantleon. Hannover. 1967.
1 Nd7+1 Bxd7 2 Q xc8+! Bxc8 3. Re8 mate.

TMt 2A Positions 185-192

A new theme-'Squarevacatton'. The test is set for SO minutes.
 THt24
lll 111 8

lflO '

t91 w
50 Line-o/)4ning
SolutiOM to Tat 24
185. TaJ-Parma, Bled, 1961 .
1 Q x f.S! Resigns (1 ... Rxf5 and 1 ... gxf5 are both answered by 2 Nt6+ ).
186. Heemsoth-Heisenbutter, West Germany, 1958.
1 Rc:S!! Resigns. Against the threats of2 RXh7+ and3 Qg7 mate, and 2Rxo4, there
is no defence.
187. Prolchorovich-Ravinsky, Moscow, 1958.
1 ... b3!1 White resigns (on 2 axbJ there follows 2 . . . Nb4l) .
188. Ravinsky- Simagin , Moscow, 1947.
1 ... Ng4+ !1 White resiJDS (any capture on g4 is answered by 2 ... Bd+f).
189. Georga<be-Kuindzhi, 1\ri.lisi, 1973.
1 ... 0f2+!12Q x f2 RM+ !! White resigns (onJ Bxh.Sthere foUowsJ ... g.Smate).
190. Rutgeo-Pett, Corr., 1956.
1 ... e4f! 2 Nx e4 BeS White resians. Apinst 3 ... Qh4 there is no defence.
191. Smyslov-5zab6, Hastings, 1954/5.
1o6! e x f4 + 2 Kx f4 Resigns. On 2 . .. bx c6oomes 3 Nc:S+ . while if the bishop moves
there.. follows 3 c7.
192. Hallen- Sauer, Switzerland, 19.59.
1 Q x gS+ !! x g5 2 Nf5+ Kg6 3 hS mate.

Test 25 Positions 193-200

We make rhe acquaintance of a very common devke bearing lhe name of 'Lme-openini'
This theme occurs ver)' often ln practical games. The test is fairly easy-time 4.5 minutes.

t 9) a 1,. I
 Test 25 51
ItS I

197 8 .,, 8
52 Line--opening
Solutio,. to Tm 25
193. Unzicker- Fischer, Varna., 1962.
1 ... Rxc3!! White resigns.
194. Dely-Kerk.hoff, Sombor. 1966.
1 ... Bc5H White resiens (on 2 Bxd comes 2 ... Ralt8!).
195. Vtr13yi-Lcngyel, Budapnt, 1963.
1 ... Re4!! White resigns (2 Qxe4 Qlt7 m~te) .
196. Khodko-Nosov, Lipetsk, 19S6.
1 Nf5+r! Bx fS 2 Qc3! Resigns (2 .. Ke6 J Qxc6+ ).
197. Malich-LJubojcvic. Amsterdam, 1m.
1 .. . Q x h3+ I! White resigns. On 2 JX h3 tbue follows 2 .. . Rh2+ 3 Kgl Ne2 mate.
198. Szab6-lvkov, Bath, 1973.
1 . .. Nf3+ !I White resigns (2 J X/3 Rr5+ 3 Kill Q Xfl mate).
199. Butnoryu9-Gutman, Risa, 1974.
1 Oh8+ !I Resigns (1 ... Kxlt8 is met by 2 B/6+ and 3 R x ~8 mate).
200. Tsvetkov-Pacbman. Hilvemnn. 1947.
1 Nf6+11 Kh8 2 Q xe5! ResigM (on 2 .. . dxd there follows 3 Rd8+ 8/8 4 R x f8+
Kg7 5 Rg8 mate).

Test 2& Positions 201-208

The same theme as in the previous test. but more difficult. Time for the solution of lttis te$t
is 50 minutes.

201 w JmW
20J 8 18

201W
54 Open files
SolutloM to Tm tf
201. Hort-Larsen, Lugaoo , 1968.
1 Rxc61 Rxc6 2 BxdS Re~s (if 2 .. . Rc7, then J Qe6l).
202. Oheorghi~Muhring. Halle, 1966.
1 Ne61! Rc6 (on 1 . . . f x e6 there follows 2 Qxg6+ Qg7 3 Q x f'6 +. while if 1 ...
Qh6. then 2 RhS.') 2 RhSI Resigns (if 2 . . g x h5, then 3 QgS+ .and 4 N xfB).
200. Adashev-Guldin. Moscow, 1959.
1 . . . Bxb3!! 2 Qxb3 Oh6! White re1igns.
204. Krasno\'-Averldn, Novosibirsk, 1969.
1 . . . Bg2+ 2 Kg 1 Qh41! White resign~. If 3 g x h4, then 3 . . . Nh3 mate, while on 3
gxf4 comes 3 ... 80+ 4 Kll Qh3 mate. ln addition , Black thre.acens 3 . . . Q Xh2+
4 K Xh2 Rh6 + 5 Kgl Rbl mate.
205. Bobol50v-Kolarov. Varna, 1971.
1 Rxg6+ H fx g6 2 Bh6+ !r Resign1.
206. OomuHs-Shtaerman, Daugavpits. 1972.
1 Nc6+ ! b x c6 2 Rbl + Ka7 3 Qf2+ Resigns.
2iJ7. Tolusb-Ravinsky, leningrad, 1950.
1 Nc6!! Q x e2+ 2 K x e2 b x c6 3 Qe51 Resigns.
208. Benk~lnei, Budapest. 1949.
1 R x d3! cx d3 2 Ne6 + ! fx e6 3 Rc7+ Resigns.

Tt 27 Poeltiona 209-218
Theme: "Utilization or Open File$'. Oosely linlted to the previous tbeme , and virtually a
continuation of it. Time for solution of these positions-50 minutes.

210 w
 Tttst 27
ll2B

lll w 2l4 'A'

21$ 'W 216 'W

se Open filu
Solution to Ten Z1
209. Virtanen- Bjorkqvi-st, COlt'., 1974.
1 Rg8+ !! RC$ign.s(onl ... Qx g8tberefollows2Qg7+.'!Qxg73fxg7+ Kg84Ne7
mate).
210. Sz.ab<>-Bakooyi. Debrecen, 1951.
1 Qf6!! Resigns .
211. Darga-Duckst.c in. Lu.oeme. 1963.
1 Qg6!1 Resigns. After 1 ... Rxd.Sihere follows2 Rbl Kg8 3 R x h7 Rf7 4 R xg7+ 1
R x g7 5 Oe8+ Kh7 6 Rbl mate.
212. Polugayev~ky-Smyslov , Moscow, 1960.
1 . .. Ret! 2 KgZ (forced, sinoe 2 . .. Rh6+ J Kg2 RMJ was threatened) 2 ... Re3H
White resigns. The threat is 3 ... R><83+ 4 f><g3 Qfl + , andoo 3Qdltherc follows3
... Rx g3 + 4 fxg3 QeA+ S KJl RO.
213. Ritov-MaJevinsX)r, Leningrad, 1969.
1 Bg5 Qc8 2 Bf6!l Resjgns.
214. Rig6-~pi , Hungary, 1967.
1 Q xg7+ I'! Kxg7 2 Rb8! Resigns (against 3 Rllt7 mate lhere is no defenoe).
215. KorpAs-Bokor , MiskoJc, 1972.
1 Qxg8+!! Kx g8 2 Rg2+ Resigns (2 . .. Kh8 3 Rd8+ B/8 4 Rxf8+1 R x f8 5 p
mate).
216. Dickson-Perkins, Edinburgh, 19.58.
1 Rh8 +! Bx h8 (if I . .. Nx h8, then 2 Q111+ K/8 3 Qxh8+ B x h8 4 R x h8 mate) 2
Q x g6+ Resigns.

Test 28 Potitlonl 217- 224

The same theme as in the previous tt$l, but considerably more difficult. Trme for solution
60 minutes.

2.11 w ZL! a
 Te.t28 57
l tt w nell

Ut W mw
18 Diagonsl-opening
Solution to T.., 2B
217. TseitJin- Lemert Leningradt 1974.
1Qb4! Ra7 (orl .. . Qa72 Rxa4Qxa4JQ x ~7)2 RcHQb7(2 ... Nc53Rxc5!; or
2 .. b5 3 Q><b5.') 3 Q x e7!! Resigns.
218. Bankov-Lusmyagi, Parnu, 1974.
1 . .. Rf2 2 Qhl R xfl+! l 3 Kx fl QdJ+ White resigns.
219. Hon- Popov, Varna. 1969.
1 Rafl H R x e4 ( J ... B~7 is similarly inadequate. in view of 2 B ><g7 K xg7 3 Nlt.5+
gxhJ 4 Rf?+ and5 Qh6!, whjJe other continuations are answered in lhe same way) 2
8 Xg71 K ><g7 3 Nh5 +!l Resigns (onJ . .. gx h5 therefoUows4 Rf7+ Kh85 Qh6Qg8
6 R x h7+! Q x h7 7 Rf8 mate).
220. Gassanov-Arakelov , Baku. 1960.
1 . . . Bx b6 2 Q x b6 Ra l + !! 3 Kxat Qc2! White resigns (against 4 . Ra8 there is
no defence).
221. ManenrMilotsky, Stuttgart, 1961.
1 Rehle5 (on 1 . , . R Xd4tberefollows2 Q xg7+)2 Qh8+! Kt7 3 Q x g7+! Resigns .
222. lvanko-Ooleull , Prague, 1955.
1 Bg7+[! R xg? 2 Rxg7 Q x g7 (if 2 . . K><g7. then J Q><h7+ and 4 Qx d7) 3
Q x e8+ Resig_ns. 2 . .. Ret+ would not have belped-3 Rgl!, when Wbite comes
out the exchange ahead.
223. Neybut- KiriUov, Rig_a, 1956.
1 Rh8+!! B Xh8 2 R'x h8+ K >< b8 3 Bf6+ K.h7 4 Qg5H, and White wins. On 4 ...
Bxg4 there: foUows S f><g4 d3 + 6 Bxd3 ReS 7 Qh4+ Rh5 8 gxh5 g5 9 Q x gS R.g8
to OfS+.
2:24. KobT- Bogac, Cze.c:hoslovalda, 1958.
1 Bb5! Rg72Be3 QaS (tbc samemove foUows aher 2 . .. QbS) 3 Qa4!! Qx a4 (J . ..
Q.d fails to save the game after 4 Qb4+ c5 5 Bxd+) 4 BcS mate.

Test 29 Potitions 225- 232

We meet the theme o iagonaJ-opening'. The test is relatively simple. Time-40 minutes.

me
 Test29

m w

lll I
10
~toT..t29
225. Gutop-Rosbal, Moscow, 1963.
1 ... Qxd511 White reqns (after 2 Bx d5 B xd5,. mate is inevitable).
226. Alfeis-Torman, Hamburg, 1949.
1 Bd6!! Resigns .
2Z7. Sok.olsky-Saigin 1 Kiev 1 1950.
1 RO!! gxf3 2 B xh6 R~p .
228. Lorente-Alba. Cutilia, 1959.
1 .. Nxd3! White resigns. H2 QxaS, then 2 . .. R xb2+ 3 Kat e414 R x d3 Rb4+ ,
or 2 Q xd3 e41 !.
229. Pytel-Wismewsk:i, Poland, 1967.
1 Re8+ I! Resigns .
230. Kreanar-5ajger, Corr., 1948-9.
1 f61 ! Nxf6 (if 1. .. Bxj6, then 2 Qd3) 2 Rxf6! Resigns (since2 .. Bx.f6 fails to 3
QdJl).
231 . Caberei-Eliskases, Mar del Plata, 1949.
1 . , . h3+ r 2 Kgl RJ7! White resips (on 3 R xj7 there follows 3 . .. Qdl mate).
232. Wade>-Kuijpen.. England, l9'n .
1 R xh6+!! Bxh6 2 Qxe5+ Res.ianl (2 ... Bg7 3 Qh2+. and maces).

Tett 30 Positions 233-240

Continuation of the previous theme. SliJhtly more complicated, but not a great deal so.
Time for the test-40 minutes.
 Tett30 11

Dl W

lJ9 w
62
Solution to Tnt 30
233. Trifunovic-Ragozin, Moscow, 1947.
1 . . . R xe2!1 White resigns (2 Qxu Qc3+ ).
234. Rt$hevs'k y- Yanovslcy, Lugano. 1968.
1 Nf6+!! Bxf6 2 Qxg6+ Bg7 3 Qb7 mate.
235. Messing-Forinlos, Budapest, 1968.
1 . . . Rxf2!! 2 R x c4 Rfl+ White resigns (J R xc5 R xfl mate).
236. Nilsen-Undholm. Stockholm, 1947.
1 Bo41! R xc4 2 Qg6+ Kg8 3 Qxg7 mate.
237. Lukovnikov-Sergeev, Voronezh, 1974.
1 Bg5!! bxgS 2 NxeS! ! Resigns. Black bas a cboioe between losing his queen and
being mated.
238. Chepukaiti$-Osnos, Leningrad, 1970.
1 ... QxdS+ !! 2 cxdS Rhl + White resigns (since 3 Ke2 Bb5 is mate).
239. Bramaier-Broi~tadt , Magdeburg, 1972.
1 NbS!! 8 Xb5 2 0Xe5rl Resigns.
240. Botvinnik-Keres. The Hague, 1948.
1 R x g7+ II K xg7 2 NbS+ Kg6 (if l . . Klt8. then 3 Bg511 or 1 . .. K/8 3' NXf6) 3
Qe3! Re$iJJ1$.

Tett 31 Position 241-ZAI

The theme 'Ul.ilization of Open Diagonals' is an integral continuation of the previous
theme. The examples are fAirly difficult. Time for the tr solution-55 minutes.

l-41 II 2-'Z I
 13
2A)
M Blocking
SolutJotu to Te.t 31
241. Mikenas-Gusev. Ashkhabad, 1957.
1 ... Q xe3+!! White resigns (2 Kxt3 Bb6 is mate) .
242. Andersson , U .-Han.ston, Hastings, 191213.
1 . .. Qh3+1! White ~gns .
243. Karkosyan-Osnos, Frunze, 1913.
l ... Bf41Whjte resigns. lf2 Nh2 (2 b7 Bfl mate), then 2 ... Bx h2!3 K Xb2 f2.4 b7
fl Q S b8 Q Of2+ 6 Kb3 (6 Kltl Bf3 mate) 6 ... Bfl mate.
244. Tukmakov-Oufeld, OnepTopetrovsk, 1962.
1 .. 8 Xd4+ 112 K.fl (2 R Xd4 Rtl+ 3 Kf2 Rfl+ , Or 2 Ne3 Qxd3, and wins) 2 ...
Re3 !1 White resigns.
24S. Gaprindashvili-Servaty, Domnund ~ 1974.
1 Qd411Q xhl+ (on 1 . .f6therewould have foUowed2 Bxf8) 2 Kd2Qx a13 Qf61!
Rt$lgns.
246. Ferrer- Hartston , J . Menorca , 1973.
1 d Xc6+ Kb8 (or 1 ... t6 2 B x d6 and 3 Q/7+ ) 2 BeS+ Bg7 3 Of8.+ ! Resig.ns.
247. Stradalov-Olarushin. CoTT., 19SS.
1 Bh7+! Kh8 2 B x g7+!! Kxg7 3 Oe6+ Kb8 4 Bg8! RC$igns.
248. Lebmann-Pomar, Palma de MaRorca, 1966 (variation).
1 Rh8 + r Bd8 2 R X d8+ 1! Kx d8 3 Bb6+ Kc8 4 Qg8+ I and White wins . In the game
White overlooked thas possibility, and played 1 Qe4 Rdl + 2 R Xd l Q >< d 1+3 Ka2.
He won, but only after a further ... SO moves.

Test 32 Positions 249-258

In this le$l )lOU .meet a new theme: a looking' , i.e. the blocking of some square or other.
The test ic; or moderate difficulty , and the time allotted is 45 minutes.

2JO 8
J$1 8
THt32

:m 1
Solution to Ten 32 Xr11y/ Overloading

249. Springer-Ebcrsbacb, Berlin, 1958.

1 f7+!! R.xf72 Qb8 mate.
250. Fndman-Tcrnblom, Stockholm, 1973.
I ... Re3 11 White resigns. If immediately 1 ... Nh3 , then 2 e3!.
251. Kopylov-Karlson, lrlcuaslc , 1961 .
1 ... Rd3!! 2 x d3 Be6 mate.
252. Valund-Martens, Vesco, 1~8.
1 Bg7 !1 K x g7 2 f6+ rt B ><f6 3 Qh7 mate.
253. Satdy- Padevsky, Varna, 1 ~58.
I ... Qxe3+!! White resigns (on 2 Qxe3 comes2 ... Rdl+ andJ . .. Rfl mate).
254. Kilander....Ceki, Corr., 1966-7.
1 ... f6+ !! White resigns. (2 Qxf6 RxeJ+ 3 Kh4 RlaS+ 4 KgJ Rlt3 mate.)
255 . Smy.sJov-Flotu, Moscow, 1949.
1 g"6+1l hx g6 (or 1 . . . K Xg62 RgB+I Kfl3 Rbgl R xc6 4 Rlg1 ma~) 2 Rb7 mate.
2S6. Kwiletki- Ro.tlintki, Poznan , 1954.
I QeS+ Kf8 (1 ... Kg8 is bad on account of 2 Rt8+ , while 1 . . . Kh6 is met by 2
Qf4+!) 2Qf6!!, and White wins, since2 ... Qxe7 and2 .. . R xe7 both fail to 3 Qh8
mare.

Tnt 33 Poaitiont 257- 284

There are rwo themes in this test, namely 'X ray', i.e. the penetrating action of pieces
(Nos. 257-260). and 'Combinations involving the overloading of pieces' (Nos. 261-264).
The test is se1 for SO minutes.

~1 B
 Test33 67
239 8

MJ B

26' w
SoiCJtlon1 to t
T 33
Overlo.ding

257. Novotelnov- A\lerbakh, Moscow, 19S l .

I ... Bxf2+!1 2 Q xt2 Qxdl+ ll White resigns.
258 . Sliwa-Ooda. Lodz, 1967.
I Qxb7+ ! R x h7 2 Rxh7 mate.
259. Diets-Miles, England, 1973.
1 . . . Rcl !! 2 Bxf3 (OT 1 R xcl Nxg3+.') 2 .. . Qgl+ l! Wbjte resigns.
260. ZburavJev-Romanov, Katinin, 1952.
1 Qg?+! B xg? 2 B x g?+ Kf8 3 Bf6 m.a1e.
261 . Saidy-Mars.aJek, Reykjavik, 19S7.
1 ... R xd4!! White resigns.
262. Teschner- flad . Bertin, 1954.
1 Rd8tl Resigns.
263. Monteii-Serrano, Spain, 1962.
I . .. Qh61! White resigns.
264. Beni--Schwarzbach, Vienna, 1969.
1 Qh3!! Resigns.

Tat 34 Positions 215-212

The theme 'Combmations based on the overlo& of piece$' is oonlinueti. The test is not
dif:ficull. and is calculated for SO minutes.

%6' I
161 w
tut34

270 "

%11 .,.,

h appears that White ~:an c.pt11rc

on a1, but Is thlr. so?
70 Overloding
Solution. to THf 34
265. Bannik- Zaitsev , A . Minsk, 1962.
1 .. . Q xf2rl Resi&ns. After 2 Bxf2 R xb2+ 3 Kal RbS + Black wins.
266. Aitken-Paine, E ngland, 1962.
1 Qh6 Qxf6 2 RdB + I Resigns (2 .. B x d8 3 Qf8 mate).
U,7. T~N. N., lbillsi, 1965. (From a simultaneous display.)
1 Rd7!! Religns (since 1 ... Rxd7 is answered by 2 R><c8+ Kh l 3 Nf8+ ).
268. Kresduner-Laue, Eisenach, 1951.
1 Qc511 Resips. 1 h4?? is a mistake on account or 1 ... Rh 1+ 2 Kx h1 Qb 1+ and 3
... Ogl + followed by mate. while 1 Q xf4 similarly faits to win after 1 ... Rh1 + 2
Kg3 (2 Kxhl Qbl+ 3 Kh2 Qgl+ and 4 ... B/2 mate) 2 ... 0&6+ 3 Ng4 h><g4.
269. Slmagin- Nikolich. Kislovodsk, 1968.
1 ReS+!! Kg7 2 R xc8 Re~gns.
270. Smejk.aJ-Adorjin, Vrnjacka Banja, 1972.
1 R x b6.+ fl Resigns (since if 1 ... B x h6 2 Q x d , or 1 ... Kxh6 2 Qh4 mate).
271. Linek-Mazin, Cologne , 1953.
1 Q x a7?? Nx g31 1, and Black wins. lf2fx g3, then 2 . . . Qd5! , or2 O x b7 Ne4+. and
mate with the knight at d2 or f2, or 2 t3 Ne2++l 3 Kf2 R x a7.
272. Ka~lymov-Mnatsakanyan , Tashkent, 19S9.
1 Rd71f Bx d7 2 Bh61! Resigns. Since if2 . . . 0 Xe8 3 O><g7 mate, 2 ... R86 3 Qf8
mate, or 2 ... gxb6 3 Q x f6 + Kg8 4 Qf7+ and S Qf8 mate.

Tttt 35 Poitions 273-280

We conclude the previous theme. Thi$le$t is somewhat more dif&ult. Time for solurion-
45 minutes.

%7JW
 Te~t 36 71
m w

m a 111 ,.,

- w
2 Back rnk weakness
Jolutlon to Tm 35
73. Land~tetter-Janos , We1t Germany, 19'n.
1 Be7! ! Qd7 (ifl ... Qxe7. then 2 B xdSII) 2 RX:e6! Re&ijns (on.1 ... Qxe6 there
oomes 3 Ng51) .
74. Kit:lzel-Duc-kstein , Vienna, 1958.
1 Bxf6!! Rd5 2 Qd2!! Resigns.
15. She&ochilin-Chernikov, Leningrad, 1950.
1 Bh6H Qg8 2 Be61! Resigns.
76. Radulov-Pomar, Nk:e, 19'74.
1 Qxf7!! R xd2 (or 1 ... Qxfl2 RXd8+) 2 Bxd2! Resigns. It would ha\e been
wrong to play 2 Qxc77, on account of 2 ... R xb2+.
77. BeJenlcy-Pirogov, Moscow, 1957.
1 . .. Rell! 2 Og4 (2 QxeJ Qh.5m.ate, or 2 Rxd Qg2 mate) 2 ... Obl+ l3 Rxbt
Rxht mate.
78. Peter- Marcus, Switzerland, 1960.
1 Qh3H BXb3 2 R Xf7 + R xf73 RXf7 mAte .
79. flohr-Bivshe'' Leningrad, 1951.
1 Bxf7+! R xf7 2 Rc4 Qd6 3 RXg4, and with hls extra pawn and superior pos.ition
White won easily.
80. Bylcova-Kogan, Klev, 1954.
1 Nc:6 Qc7 2 Rc7!! R x e7 3 Bxd6 Resigns.

ftm 36 Po$1tion1 281-288

\most widely occurring lhemo-'E~ploiting a bac:k rank weakness'. In practical games
his theme is met possibly more frequently than any other. To this theme we naturaUy
le\'Ote considerable attentio n. We besin our acquaintAnce with some fairly simp'le
~xamples; 35 minures are allotted to this telt.
 Tnt38 73

mw .. i
74 Back rank weakness
Solutlont .t o T.,t 38
281. Vtuup-Pitksaar, Tallinn, 1956.
1 . . Q xf2+!! White resigns (2 Rx f1 Rbl + 3 RP Bd4+ ).
282. Chaikovstaya-D:mitrieva, Vilnius , 1972 (variation).
1 ... Qb5!r. and Btaclc wins. The game in fact continued 1 . .. Rx dl + 2 Q x dl Rd8,
and ended in .a draw.
283. Verle-Laurine. Hcdmstedt, 1'951.
1 Qg7+1! B x g7 2 Rd8+ Resigns.
284. PetTov-Mhkovich, Moscow. 1970.
1 Rd41! Resigns.
285. Zurakhov- Polyak, }{jev, 1952.
1 Qe7!! Resign . The threat is 2 Of8+ and 3 R x f8+, again t which theTe is no
defence . 1f 1 ... R x O, then 2 Qg7 mate . or 1 ... Rxe7 2 Rf8 mate , while if the
blshop moves from e8 there follows 2 QXf1+ and 3 Qg7 mate.
286. Keres-Levcnfish , Moscow, 1949.
1 Q x b4f! Resigns. On 1 .. R x b4therefollol)r'S2Rc8+ NgS3R xg8+ ! Kxg84Re8
mate. while if 1 ... Re8, then 2 Q Xe7l.
W . Gragcr-Dom, Vienna, 1958.
1 Ne7+11 R x e? 2 Qxf6!t Resigns (2 ... Qxf6 3 Rd8+, or 2 .. . Ng6 3 Qxe7) .
288. Madlen- Napolitano, Italy, 1953.
1 ... Rel+! 2 R x et Qd4+ !! While resigns.

Tut 37 Positions 289- 218

A continuation of the previous theme, but sligbtJy more: difficult. Time for the solution of
this test--40 minutes.
 Test37 75
,., .... 192 ,.

ltJW
,.
Solution to Tnt 37
289. Aizenshaadt-Margulis, LeniBJ"d, 1951.
1 Ra8!! Resigns. There is no defence apinstthe threat of2 Qf8 +1!, e.g. 1 ... R x as
2 Qd5+ , or 1 .. . Of7 2 Qd8!.
290. Paroulck-Kapic, Con ., 1966.
1 Qb3+! K.a8 2 Q x f1 11 Resigns.
291. Mileilta-Voitkevleh, Riga. 1963.
1 Ra7!! Qb6 2 Rb71! Resigns.
292. Lozev-Dukalov, Sofia. 1958.
1 Nxd6+ cxd6 (or I ... Kb8 2 Qxd7.') 2 Rcl+ Kb8 3 Qxd7!! Resigns.
293. Vitman-Kanko, CoTf'. tm-3.
1 RdH! Resigns. Since if 1 ... Qxe6 2 Rd8+, or 1 ... Bb7 2 Rxb7, o r 1 ... Bc6 2
R Xc7! Qxc6 3 Rxc6 Qe8. Rcd6.
294. Marszinjak- Oobosz, Poland, 1973.
1 .. Nfl+ ! 2 R ><fl Bd4!1 White resips.
295. Bhend-Lokvenc, Amsterdam, 195.
1 Bh6+ !1 Kh8 2 Rxf4! ResipL
296. Oueba~:~-Gereben , Skopje, 1972.
1 0Xf6!l hS (J . .. g></62 8116.') 2 RxfB+! Resigns. Since if2 .. . K>< f8 3 Qd8 mate,
or 2 ... Xh7 3 Bf5+ g6 4 Rh8 ma~.

Tnt 38 Positions 297-301

A further eigbt examples on the same theme, but rather more difficult. Ttme for the
solving of this test- 50 mjnutes.
 Tut38 77

Wby a il bad to pby I . cx d4' Wbat foil&a~ after I R )(dS't

lOI W lCJ1 B

JQ) 8
71 Back ranlc w:eskness
SolutJoM to TNt
297. Nilsson-Geller, Stockholm, 1954.
1 .. . Rx c211 2 Q xc2 (or 2 R xc2 QbJ +!!) 2 ... Qxd+ !l While resigns.
298. HcgJoff- Andersson, B. Corr . 1968-9.
1 . . R x e41 2 Qd3 (2 R XfB+ QX/8 is no better) 2 . .. QfS!I While resigns.
299. Gio:r-Olafsson , Reykjavik, 1953.
1 ... cx d4'?? 2 Q x f7+ l! Bxt7 3 Rxc8+ Resigns.
300. Teschner-Portiscb, Monaco, 1'969 (Variation).
1 R x d5?? Qf2!! (Black actually played I . .. Qll6, and aher2 Ng3 the game ended in
a dt.aw) 2 Ng3 Qel+, and Black wins.
301. Fl6ri6B-Koberl, Budapest, 1961 .
1 Q xc6 Re8 (on 1 . .. Rb8 there would ha"e followed 2 Qb7!! Rt8 3 Q X~7+ 1! R Xe7
4 Rb8+) 2 R x e711 Resign"S. Since if2 ... Rxc7 3 Rd8+, or 2 .. . Rb8 Qd6!
302. Jvansoo-Ljungquist , EksjO, 1973.
1 ... Qe4l! 2 Qc3 Bd2! Whale resigns. After 3 R Xe4 B Xc3 he comes out a rook
down.
303. Schmid-Bilek, Varna, 1962.
1 ... R Xf4! 2 Q xf4 Qxe2! White ~gns.
304. Guse\1-Arakelov, Leningrad, 1970.
1 Qxf8+!! Kx f8 2 Rx d61 Resigns.

Test 39 Positions 306-312

lbe final test on the theme 'Exploit:in& a back rank weakness'. A more difficult test. nme
for 'SOlution 60 minutes..

*'
 Tut39 78

lOf .,..

) 1.1 .,
:m
80 WeakneS'.t of the second rank
Solution to Tut 39
305. Kan- Simagin, Moscow. 1952.
1 Rd8+ !! R x d82 Bb3 + Rd7 3Rxd7 1 and White wins. In theg.ame White mtssed this
possibj)jty, played 1 Kf2, and th.e game ended in a draw.
306. Aitken-Kefl\er, Edinburgh, 1954.
1 ... Q x dl+ !! 2 Nxdl Nf3+ 3 Q x f3 Rel+ White resigns .
307. Borsyak-KizHov. Mogilev. 1962.
1 ... Rfl+ !! 2 Rx fl Qhl +!! 3 Kxhl Rxfl mate.
308. Westin-Fridrlksson, Sweden, 1973.
1 ... Qxc2+ !! 2 Rxc2 (Or 2 Kxc2 Bxe4+) 2 ... Rdl + 3 Rcl Bxe4+ White
resigns.
309. Muller-Kinzel , Vienna, 1961.
1 Qf7 t! QdS (if 1 ... Rdx j7, tben 2 Rg8+ Rxg8 3 Nxj7 mate , o r 1 ... QxgJ 2
Q xd7, or 1 ... Qdl 2 Qxe8 Rx~ J Nd6f) 2 Nd6! Rd xf7 3 Ndxf7+ Resigns.
310. KuTaji~Pianinc . Umag, 1972.
1 ... NO+!! 2 Kfl (or 2 gxf3 Rxg7+) 2 ... Rdl + 3 Ke2 Ngl mate.
311 . lvkov- Eiistases. Munich, 19S8.
1 Qd2!! Qa8 (if 1 ... Q/8, then 2 Qd!!) 2 Qa5! Qb8 3 Q xc7! Resigns .
312. 8oiser-Vogt, Con., 1962.
1 . . . 012112 Qel NeJI Wrut,e resigns. On3 Rxe3 there foUows 3 ... Rdl +r 4 Q x dl
Qxe3+.

Test 40 Positions 313- 320

Theme: ' Weakness of the second rank' . A relatively simple test . Time-35 minutes.

JU a
 Tnt40 11
ll6 w

) 17 .... )J8 (t

Jl9 "'
12 WesknBss of the econd rank
Solution to Te t 40
313. Hjonh- Lundin, MotaJa, 1946.
1 ... Qe3!1 While resians.
314 Ryzhk.ov-Faas , USSR, 1978.
1 ... Q xf41 White resigns: 2 Qxf4 Rc xg2+ 3 Khl Rgl + 4 Kh2 R6g2 mate.
315. Lundin- Smyslov, Groningen, 1946.
1 ... Rf2!! and wins. In the game Black missed this possibility, and only drew after 1
... Nf2+ .
316. l ieb-Kunstoviz, West Germany, 1974.
1 Qh7! Resigns. On 1 . . . Qxg.S there follows 2 Nd7+ B x d7 3 Qn mate.
317. Bronsteir.-GeiJer, Moscow, 1961.
1 Og61! Resigns.
318. Gheorghiu-D~z deJ Corral, las PaJ~ , 1973.
1 ... Qxfl+l! 2 Kx fl Rxfl+ 3 Kgl (or 3 Kd R xg2 t1 Kfl Raj2+ 5 Kd Bd2+) 3
.. R xg2+ 4 Khl Rgc2 White resigns.
319. Ciocaltea- Ungureanu, Bucharest, 1971.
1 N x b7! Qxb7 2 BxCS!! gxfS 3 Bc3! Resigns (if J . .. BeS, then 4 Qh6f).
320. Kuzmin-K.rivonosov, Oaugavpils, 1974.
l8Xb71Rb8(1 .. . 8 Xb72 Rd7,orl ... Q Xb72 Rd8mate)2 8 Xc8 R ><c8 3Rd71
Resigns.

Telt 41 Positions 321- 328

Wt conclude the theme 'Weakness of the seoond rank' with a rather more difficult test .
Solving time--45 minute .

~ . ~ ...
 Test41 83
ma

ns .,..

m w lll ....
.
;olutlon to Test 41
Intermediate move

121. D.antc:rWe~ler ,Mar del Plata, 1951.

1 .. Rf2 l! White resigns.
122. Doter- Haywood. Manchester, 1950.
1 Qx f7 +!! Nx f7 2 Rg8+ !! Rxg8 3 Nxf7 mate.
23. Ilchenko-&nina, VoronVl, 1971 .
1 .. . Qgl+ !! 2 Kxgl {or 2 Rxgl N/2 mate) 2 . . . Rgx g2+ 3 Khl Rx h2+ 4 Kgl
Rbg2 mate.
24. Funna&-WitJcowski, Polanica Zdroj, 1967.
1 Re41! 8 x f4 (1 ... R xflfaih to 2 Ng6+!1 hxg6 3 Rlt4 mate) 2 Bx g7+ R x g7 3
R x f8+ Resigns.
25. Stoma-Chekhlov, Riga Cb., 1975.
1 Nx f6+! gx f6 (J .. Kh8 2 Q/5) 2 0J4+ Kh8 3 R>< h7+ ! Resjgns.
26. Botvmnik- Smyslov, Moscow, 1958 (variation).
1 Nd4~ 1 Nx d4 (on 1 . . c x d4 there follo'lt'$2 &1$+! R x d.S 3 Re8!l) 2Bd5+ ! R>< d5 3
Re71, attd White wins. In the game there followed 1Bh3 Ne5 2 N >< e5 f>< eS 3 f4 Bc6,
and White 's tactica) chances were eliminated.
27. Kislov-Beribesov. USSR, 1971.
t R x g7+! Kx g7 2 Ne6+! Resigns.
28. Sbau&-Grigo.revsk}, USSR, tm.
1 Rb5! g)( hS (if 1 . . Rt8, then 2 Qxlt7+ KJ8 3 Qh8+ Ke7 4 Qt:S+ K.d7 5 B>< b7+ ;
mating) 2 Be4 f5 (or 2 . .. Re83 Bxlt7+ Kh84B/S + Kg85 Qhl+ Kf86 QhB+ Ke77
Rd7 mate) 3 BdS+ Rf7 4 B><f7+ Kxf7 .5 Rd7 + Be7 6 Qx h7 Resigns.

rest 42 Position 329-336

Ne make the acquaintance of a new theme . 1ntetmediate move' or 'Zwtschcnzugt. You
hould not ful d the test too difficult. Solving timo--45 minutes.

nt ....

31XII.'s lase mow wu .. . 8~. He White played 1 R>C'e6, to whlcb Slack,

bouabt chat by auac:ll.inJ abeq~ae~ be as be bad pi.&AMd. replied l .. Qe8,
to retreat. 8ul wrprisc
ft'OI&kl fC>tCe It liWLkJQg tllat Wlute bad oqrlook.ed lhls
"DOVe by Wbht fot<'.led Bbck't irruMdiate. move:. Wbo wu rip t1 Who had K t:n
~tulat.ion. Wbt did Wldte pla}1 furt:her?
 Test42 85
131 w lll 'fl

Why .OOWdft't Wltitt- eaptute tbe pawn at
c77 After 1 8 Xc7 R xc7 2 Rxb4 ever)
thins appean to ~ .lft order. But is tm'
to?
After J 1W4 it appcus that tbe worst it
over. 8gt o~rtbdcsi WtUte h.ld owr-
looted sometbios. What?
))4 ""

WIUte to play. How d~ h~ wltl mou White to play decided to s.impllf)' the
quldcly-? poiitLOII by 1 Bb4 Rbl 2 8 xd6, hopi118
dttteby to plft a draw. but be ovttloolced
bis oppooeot's reply, after wbJCb be wu
lmm.edlatety lotted to lay doWD hi.s arms.
What as u that White mksed?
m a mw

Whlle !lad eondder~d or~ly 1 ... Rc2, 0t1 01 ~. In thdr prtJlmlnary ealcu-
which 2 9d2 i$ perfect!)' adequate. But larlon5 both players. coauldc~ Ltt~ ~
Blatt had IIIOCher -ay ro wm. What waJ ll.tre on d6, but asscued 1t dlltert:ftdy.
1r? Whleb of tt.em wu ll.lht?
..
SolutJotn to Tat 42
329. Aronin-Kantorovich, Moscow. 1960.
1 Ne51 I Resigns.
330. Fischer-5hocron , Mar del Plata, 1~59 .
t R Xe6U Qc8 2 Bd71 Resigns. On 2 .. . Q >< d7 there follows 3 R Xg6 +!.
331. Tuk- Assenova, Lublin, 1969.
1 Bxc7?? Rxc7! 2 Rx b4 Rac8t! White resigns. There is no defen<Je .against both of
the th!ears-mate at c l and the capture on b4.
332. Letunov-Ubilava, Tbitisi, 1973.
1 Bd4? Rg3+1! 2 Kh2 (if 1 fx g3, then 1 . . . Qu+l) 2 ... N xd2! White r~g.ns.
333. Yukhtman-Goldenov, Kirovogad, 1952.
1 R xc7!1Q x e7 2 BcS! Resigns.
334. Rosseno-Sherwin. Ponoroz. 1958.
1 Bb4? Rbl ! 2 Bxd6 f3+ !1 White resigns.
335. Euwe-Keres, The Hague, 1948.
1 ... Rc511 2 Qd2 (2 Qb71oses to 2 . .. Rcll) 2 ... R xcll1 3 Qf2 (on 3 h3 there
foUows J . . . Nf3 +f) 3 . . . Rc3 White resigns.
336. Taimanov-Serebrisky. Leningrad, 1951.
1 B xd6! R x d6 2 Nf.5 H gxf5 3 R x d6 , and White won. If 3 . .. R x d6, then 4 Qg)+
Kf7 S Qx d6 Qb7 6 Qxc5 Nc8 7 Q xfS, or 3 ... Rc8 4 Qxd Qc7 5 Q xfS.

TMt Q Position 337-344

We meet a theme wbJch will occupy the next three tests: creation and utilization of passed
pawns.. The solving time is 40 minutes.

)37
 Test43 87
ma

,... .
.
Solution~ to T t 43
337. Stolle-Just, Corr., 1976.
1 ... Rb71 White resigns (2 Rxb7 c2, and wins).
338. Averbakh-'N. N., Moscow, 1960. (From a simultaneous display .)
1 NcS!! Resigns (on I ... B xc.S there comes 1 d7.').
339. fllippov-Kaikamadz:bozov. Sofia. 19S8.
1 ... Rdl+ !l 2 K xdt exfl White resip.
340. Oms-Karls, Bremen, 1949.
1 ... Rbl!! 2 Kxbl f2 White raigns.
341 . Knudsen-8 ichsel, Winterthur. 1976.
1 ... d2+ I 2 Kxd2 Ne4+ I 3 NXe4 a2 White resigns.
342. Seredeoko-Belousov, Maikop. 1972 (variation).
1 ... Bel!!, and Black wins, since 2 R xcl is met by 2 . .. d21. The game in fact
continued I ... Be3+7 2 Kg2 Bd4 3 Rdl ReS? 4 Be7, and White won.
343. A6ri,n-Koska, Bmo, 19SO.
1 Qo4+ 11 R xc4 (on 1 . .. Kg7there fonows2 Qxc8Qx~83 R x~s Rxc8 4 ~s=Q) 2
R x e8+ Resigns (2 ... Kg7 3 RgS+f).
344. Averbakh-Korchnoi, Yereva11, 1965.
1 ... Rc4+ ! 2 Kd2 Rc lll White resip (on 3 Kxd comes 3 .. . la2).

Tnt 44 Positions 345- 352

A ~on tinuation or the previous theme. Difficulty roughly the same as in the preceding test.
Solving time--40 minutes.

>d I
>47 a
.

Blaek to piOI)' and dnw

.now

3-Sl W
10 Pasud pawns
Solution to Tet 44
345. Zha,el-Dubaya, Corr. , 1961.
1 ... Rdl!! 2 Kxdl h2 White res.igns.
346. Lobigas-Mitchell, Skopje, 1972.
1 Q x hSI! gx hS 2 8h7+ ! Re5lgos.
347. Goldstein-Shakhnovich, Moscow, 1946.
1 .. . gxf3 2 Bxf3 (2 c7+ fails to win after 2 . .. Kc8 3 BfS+ Rd7 4 Bh3 /15 ~
fl =Q6 B xfl .Rxc1) 2 . .. Rd7U, and draws. 3 cxd7 gives stalemate, wbiJe if3 Bd5,
then 3 ... Rb7!.
348. Rossolimo-Momon, Paris. 1945.
l R f311 RdS 2 Rc8! Resigns.
349. Radev-Neilrin:h, Sofia, 1970.
1 N x d81! R xa7 2 N x c6!! Resigns. On 2 .. . Q xc6 there foUows 3 bxa7!.
JSO. Henninp-Walther, Leipzig, 1964.
1 BgS!! Be7 (if J . fxg5, then 2 g7 and 3 Blt7+ ) 2 g7! Re$\gns.
351. Bannik ikolayevslcy, Odessa, 1958.
1 Bx b6!! Bc3 2 BaSil Resigns.
352. RoguJ-Syomkov, Varna. 1m.
1 g7+ (not I NeJ R xh6) 1 .. . Kg8 2 Nd6! R x h6 3 Ne81. and there is no defence
again~t 4 Bc4+:

Tett Positions 363-380

We conclude the section on 'Passed pawns'. Solving t:i.me-40 minutes.
mw
Test4S
l,. w
.,

1S7 w
12 Simplifying!Perpetusl chBCk
Solution. to Tet 45
353. Medina-TaJ , Palma de MaUorca, 1966.
1 . .. 0 Xf3+'1 2 Kxf3 Ne3tr White resip.1.
354. Kadiri-Pritcheu , Skopje, 1972.
1 ... QxdJI 2 cxd3 Rb2! White r-esigns. There is no defence against 3 ... c.2 and 4
... Rbl .
355. Balkov-Bitman, Moscow , 1'972.
1 d6! Bc6 2 dxe7 BxO+ 3 Kgl Resigns.
356. Dikshit- Kaluanasdann, Dely. 1961.
1 Bc2+ Kg8 2 Rl8+ ! R Xf8 3 Bb3+ 1 Resigns. If 3 .. . Kh8 or 3 ... Kh7, then 4
exf8 0 (+), or 3 ... Rf7 4 e8Q+ .
357. Gufeld-Etruk, Krasnodar, 1966.
1 Rf6!1 R x f6 2 c7 Kg? 3 c8=Q, and Wbjte wins. The game concluded 3 . .. Bd4 4
Qb7 + Kh6 S Bg8, and Black reiiped .
358. Ksandi-Forintos, Budapest, 1963.
1 ... Bc3!l 2 R Xc3+ Kg21 WhJte reqns.
3S9. Fiscber-Attilo di Kapito , Colombia, 1956.
1 Bc?rt Nf4+ 2 Kfl Resigns. it would have been wrong to play2BX f4, on acxounl of
2 ... R Xd7.
360. Rokhtin--Lomaya, Rostov-onDon v. Tbllisi, 1957.
1 ... Bxc3! 2 b xc3 (2 b3 Ral+ 3 Kg2a4isnobetter)2 . .. b33 Rb6Rb41 14c Xb4a4
5 Rb8+ Kh7 White resigns (if 6 RJI8 b2 7 RXIH bl=Q+ 8 Kg2 Q~2 +).

Test 48 Positions 381-388

We meet two new themes: simplifyin& combinations' (NO$. 361- 364) and orawing
combinations by perpetual chca (Nos. 365-368). Since in both sections there are
difficulties which we have not yet met , the time allowed is 55 minutes.

l61 I
 t3

* '* .

lt7 8
... Stalemate
Solution to Ten 46
361. Porat- Barcza., Moscow, 1956.
1 ... R8xb3 !1 2 axb3 Rxd2 3 R Xd2 B x e3+ 4 Rf2 Kg7 WhiLe resigns .
362. Ryto........Taimanov, Tallinn, 1975.
1 ... Q Xc4! White resigns: Black forcibly transposes into a won pawn ending.
363. Abrahams-Winter, London , 1946.
1 RhS+ ! Kx h5 2 QxfS+ Kh6 3 Oxe41 R x e4 4 d7 R~igns .
364. Averbakh-Cbistyakov, Moscow, 1951.
1 Bet! B xel 2 R xel Bx fJ 3 R x e3 rxe3 4 Kgl ResigM.
365. Nedwezki-Kampcn, Augsburg , 1955.
J Rfl!f Rxt2 2 QhS+, with a draw by perpetual check.
366. Kuz.netsov-Zailcin , Ryazan, 1952.
1 Qd7 Rc7 2 Rxb7+ !1-draw. If 2 ... Kxb7, then 3 QbS+ Kc8 4 Qe8+, witb
perpetual check. 2 .. Rx b7? loses to 3 Qd8 mate.
367. Kopayev-Vistanet&i.is, Vilnius, 1949.
1 ... Ofl+!f 2 Kxn N x e3+ 3 Ke2Nc4+ , withperpetualcheclt (4 Kfl Nt.J+ S Ke2 ,
etc.).
368. Vitol.insb-Bukhman, Riga, 1976 (variation).
1 Q h4l at=O 2 Od8+ Kb7 3 R xJ6l with perpetual check.

Tm 47 Potition 389-371
A new theme: 'Stalemating combinations. The time for this Lest is 50 minutes.

J'lO
 Tat47
)Tl 1ft m w .

m - l'U .. -

Thinkin1 chat be ~uld win as he

pl~scd, WMc played I d6?'!.
which aOoW'Cd Black to dtaw.
Ho?

376 8 -
.
Solution to r.m 47
Geometries/ motifs

369. K6berl-Tipaty, Budapest, 1955.

1 QgS+ n Kx~talemate.
370. Titenk:o-Murcy, MoSQOw, 1963.
1 ... Qcl+!! 2 Qxcl-stalemace.
171. Zhdaoov-Pigiu, Riga. 1953.
1 b4!-dnw. Black cannot prevent $talemate after the sacrifice of the white queen .
372 Bislova-Srran.dstrom, Rostov. 1953.
1 h4---draw. Exactly as in the previous example ~ after the sacrifice of the queen, the
draw is inevitable.
373. Heint.ze-Kruschwitz~ Grunbach, 19S1.
1 ... g3+f 2 Qx g3 Qgl+lf 3 Kxgl--stalemate.
374. FichU-Blatny. Bratislava, 1956.
1 d617 Bc6+~1 2 Qxc6 Rgl +!1 3 Kxg1---stalemate.
315. Kestler- Pesch. East Germany, 1956.
1 Ra8 +! Kh72 Rh8+ ~ ! KXh8 3 Qh6+ 1! Q Xb6--stalemate.
376. Kondratic:v-Lapigin, Moscow, 191S.
1 ... Rd3!! 2 Rg7 (after 2 R/3 Rx f3 3 g x f3 it is stalemate, while other moves.by the
rook along the 'g' file do not acllieve a.nythin&) 2 ... Rg31! 3 RgS R xg2+~raw.
Either cap1ute gives stalemate1

Mating Combination BMd on Geometrical Motifs

Schematic Diegram
BefoTe tacldingTests48 artd 49 in Book 1, and certain Tests in Book 2. you sbouJd refer to
the appropriate schematic diagnuns.

m
 17
m

lll
rest 48 Position 387-394
rhe first test on the theme 'Mating combinations based on geometrical motifs'; d .
chematic diagrams 377 (the so-called tincar mate'), 378 and 381 . The time allowed is 4()
ninutes.
 99

)9'} "''
100 Geomet~l motft.

Solution to Tnt 41
387. Segytacek-Balogb, Budape1t, 19S3.
1 Q x h7+1 Rxh7 (or 1 ... Kxh7 2 RJU mate) 2 R x gS mate.
388. Soultanbeieff- Borodin, Bn~uell, 1~.
1 Rg2t! Resigns. There is no defence apirut 2 Qxb7+ Kx h7 3 Rh3 mate: on l . . .
Q xf3 there follows 3 QxfB mate.
389. De Vine-Buse,. Corr., 1966.
1 Nc.S +!! bx c52Rbl+ Resigns. lf2 ... Ka6, then 3c41, or2 .. . Kc83 Re8 + Kd7 4
Rdl mate.
390. Cherepkov-Averbakh, Moscow, 1960.
t Rxg6+ Kh7 2 QgSI1 Resigns (2 .. . hxr5 3 hxr5 mate).
391. Bemstein- Kotov, Groointe.n; 1946.
I fS+ !! exfS 2 Q xh6+!! gxh6 3 Rq8 mate.
392. Polugayevsky-Szilagyi, Moscow, 1960.
1 Rgl + ! Kh62 Bf8+ rt Rx f83 Rd31Resigns. Alainst4 RhJ mare there is no defence.
393. Vilenkin-Zavada. Corr., 1971.
t R x h6+ H Kx h6 2 Qg5+ Kh7 3 QhS mate.
394. Tartakover- Falk. Pari,, 1954.
1 Q xa7+1! Kxa7 2 RaJ mate.

Teat 48 Po1itions 395-402

We conclude the tbeme 'Mating combinations buedon geometrical motifs'; cr. schematic
positions 381 , 382 and 383. The time for the test is 40 minutes.
 Tnr50 101
m o

401 w
102 Attack on Kside castled po.si tlon
SolutJOM to Ten 49
395. Udovci<>-Szabados , Zurich, 1952.
1 Ng6+ ! hxg6 2 RhS+! gxhS 3 Q x bS male.
396. Krilov-Tarasov, Thla, 1960.
1 Q xg8+!1 K x g8 2 Rh8+ H K:Xh8 3 Bn mate.
397. Schultt- Laurens, Prent:lau. 1954.
1 ... Qfl+!! 2 R xfl R xfl mate.
398. Ciocaltea-Kupper, Lugano, 1968.
1 Bc-5!! R x et 2 Rf8 mate.
399. Zinn-Brumel, Magdeburg, 1964.
1 NXd51N x d52 Oe8+! Resign.$(on2 ... Rxt8J Rxe/J+ 8f8therefoUows4Bir6).
400. OstropoJsky-lvaoovsk.y. Tyumen, 1949.
1 Qxd7+!! Rxd7 2 Nc7+ R x c7 3 Rd8 mate.
401. Ooderka-N. N., Graz, 1958.
1 Nc7+ l! R xc7 2 Q Xc6+!1 R xc6 3 Rd8 mate.
402. Uzman-Solcr. Lugano. 1968.
1 Qxh7+ l! Kx h7 2 Rh3 mate.

Test 50 Po.ftlon ~3-410

A new theme: "Attack on the K-side castled position'. The time for the test is 40 .minutes.
 Tat 50 103

Clll

4()t 8 tt w
104 Att1ct on king c1ught In centre
Solutions to Tat 50
403. Kubicek.- Privara, Czech Ch., 1976.
1 Bxe4 d x e4 2 Nxd7 Q x d7 3 QhSl Re&ips.
404. Kas-Gross. Corr.. 1976.
1 ... Qh4 2 Nbt Qg3! 3 b Xg4 hx g4 4 Rel Rh2 White resi&ft$.
~S . Quinoue~Miagmarsurcn , Skopje, tm.
1 Re6!1 Kg8 (if 1 . .. .fXe6, then 2 Qg6l) 2 Bb7+ Resip (on 2 . .. Xh8 , 3 R xlt6!!is
decisive).
406. Meka.i-Racasanu, Bucharest, 19SO.
1 R x b7+! Nx h7 2 Qh6! Rg8 3 Rbl Resip.
4(]1. Uhlmann- Gucia, Madrid, 1973.
1 B x h5 fl Rfd8 (on 1. .. Kg7there foUows 2 B xg61) 2 B xg6! Resigns (ifl .. . f><g6 ,
then J Qla7+ K/8 4 Q xg6).
<408. Sonbauer- Despatovic, Yugoslavia, 1974.
1 .. . NO+ I 2 Kh 1 Bb3!1 White rC$ips (J gxh3) is answered by J ... Qxd6f) .
409. Pokem-Hubncr. Bamberg, 1966.
1 ... Qe3+ 2 Khl (or 2 Kfl Ng4l) 2 ... Qb31 ! Whitemigns. On 3 8 x b7 or3 Rgl,3
... Ng4!1 i decisive.
410. Shashin-Dasbkevich, Moscow, 1954.
1 Q Xh7+ rl NXh7 2 8 Xb7 + K18 3 N&6 mate.

Test 61 Po1ftlons 411-418

Theme: Attack on rhe king ~ught in the centre'. The positions arc not too difficuJt. and
the time for the test i 45 minutes.

'I I W
 106
. ,. w

417 w 411 w
108 Dttsrructive combin11tion1
SolutJotu to Tm 61
411. Lebmann-Blau, Lucerne, 1952.
1 R ><dSf Res.ips (if 1 ... Qxo4, then 2 Rel + ).
412. Pedersen-KelleT, Hel$inki, 1~2.
1 Q xd6+tl Resigns (1 . . cxd6 is met by 2 8 Xb6+ Ke7 NdS mate).
413. Kotcbnoi-GeDer, Kiev, 1954.
J Bxf6+H Resigns (1 ... gxf6 2 Qe6+ KfB 3 Rg8 mate).
414. Olabson-Quintero5. Las Palmas. 1974.
1 R xd7f Kx d7 2 Bxc6+r Kx c6 3 Qa4 + ReAgns.
4lS. Ftscher- Dely, Skopje, 1967.
1 Rxf8+!! Qxf8 2 Qa4+ Resigns. After 2 . .. Kt7 there follows 3 Rfl +, on 2 ...
Ke7- 3 BcS+, while if2 ... bS, then,3 Qxe4, with the threats of Q x a8, ~+and
Qx~+.
416. Balashov-Stean, Teesside, 1974.
1 ... N Xe3!! White resigns. On 2 fx e3 comes Z ... Bx e3+ 3 Kxe3 Qxc3+ , while
if 3 Kc2, then 3 ... Bx d4 4 Bb2 Bxc3 5 B xcJ d4, and wins.
417. Kofman-Filatov, Kiev, 1962.
l Nxc6!! bx c6 2 Qx e6+ H fxe6 3 Bg6 mate.
418. Fould-Lang, New Zealand, 1956.
1 Q x d5+1 1' e x d5 2 Bb6+ ! axb6 3 Re8 mate.

Test 62 Positions 419-428

The fir5t test of our ooncludmg theme Destructive combination$, i.e. combinations
whose aim is to destr:oy the Oppo$lng king's pawn OO"Yer. The solving time aUowed is 40
minutes.
 Te~t52 107
41 w
1011 Dutructlve oombl,..rlon
SolutloM to Tat 5Z
419. Janosevio-Honfi. SarajCYo. 1966.
1 Q x f7+ I! Re~ (1 ... Rxf! 2 Rd8 mate).
420. Medina-Donner, Beverwijk, 196S.
1 R xf7+H Resigns (1 . .. Rxf7 2 Nh5+ l(g8 3 Qd8 mate).
421. Bolbochan-Pachman, Moseow. 1956.
1 Q x f7+ !t Resigns (1 ... K xp 2 Bxc6 mate).
422. Kirby-Oliveira . Tel Aviv, 1964.
1 0 Xf7+ 11 Resigns (1 ... R Xf' 2 Rt8+).
423. Ivkov-Ourasevic, YUJO$).avia, 1956.
1 B xf7+!! J( xf7 2 Rh7+ Kg8 3 R.ahll Resips.
4~ . Bronstein-Lehmann, MuniCh, 19S8.
1 Nxf7f Bg4 (on 1 . .. Rxf7Wbitebadprepued2 B x d.S/ Nxd5 3 Rg8+1) 2 R x f6 H
Resigns. H 2 ... gxf6. then 3 Nh6+ , while 3 Bx d5 also wins.
425. Bole&lavsty-Goldenov 1 Leningrad, 1947.
1 Rx g7+1 Res.lgn$(Since if l .. . Kx112 Q15+ K/83 B xf6,or 1 . . . Kf8 2 Qg5, or I
... Kh82 Qh6).
426. Padevsky-Tsankov, Sofia, 19SS.
1 R x g7+ H Kh8 (or J K x g7 2 Nc6++) 2 Nc6!! Resips .

T~est 53 Positions 421-434

Continuation of the theme 'Destructive oombinatiom'. In comparison with the previous
test, tbe examples are more difficult. Solvinc timo-50 minutes.
T~lt53 101

4)4
110 De$tructlve combinations
Solution to T..t U
47:1. Mansillt-Darga, Munich. 1958.
1 Rg)l! BXhl 2 Rx g7+11 Res.ips (if 2 .. . Kh8, then 3 RgB+.f).
428. KoUinen-SkoJd, Hetsinlcl, 19S7.
1 ... Rxg2+!12 Khl (or 2 Kxg2 Q~+ 3 Kgl Bd.Sf) 2 ... Rx b2+l13 KXh2 (or 3
N x h2 BdJ) 3 ... Qb3+ White raicns (since if 4 Kgl . then 4 . .. Rg8+).
429. F~lrnan-OUveira . Leipzig, 1960.
1 Rxg7+!1' Kx g72 Qg3 + ! Resigns. On 2 ... Kh7 comes 3 Qg6+ Kh8 4 Nr7 mate,
while if 2 ... Kf8 or 2 .. Kh8. then 3 Ng6+ .
430. Bronstein-OU,orlc, Mosoow, 1967.
1 Rxg7 +r! Bxg7 2 ReS+ Resigns.
431. Keres-Szab6 1 Moscow, 1955.
1 R x g7! KXg7 2 Qf6+ Kf8 3 Bg6! Resigns.
432. Boleslavsky-Nczhmetdioov, Vilnius, 1958.
1 ... N x g21! 2 Kxg2 Nf4+ 3 Kh1 (on 3 Ksl Black wins by 3 ... Nh3+ 4 Kg2
Q Xf1+.'5 K XIt3 Bc8+ 6Nf5 Bx f5 + 7~xf5 ,Q xf3+ 8 Kh2 Rd2.'l)3 .. Qxfl White
resigns.
433. Rang-Winkel, Sweden, 195.5.
1 R x g7!l K XJ7 2 Bh6+ I Kh8 (or 2 . .. K x h6 3 Nf6l) 3 Nf6! Resigns.
434. Hajtun-Fabian, Budapest. 1953.
1 ... Bd4+1! 2 Rxd4 Rxg2+ H 3 Kxg2 Rh2+ White resigns.

Tnt M Position 435-442

Continuation of the theme 'Destructive combinations'. Here again, in comparison with
the previous,test, the examples are somewhatmoredifftcult. Time for solution 50 minutes.

ms
 111
()J

.WOW
112 Destructfve combinations
Solution to Tnt 54
435. Honan-Mardle, Corr. 1959.
1 .. , Qxg2+1'! 2 Qxg2 Ng3+ 3 bxgJ Rh8 mate.
~36. ElsukOY-Ermakov, Novosibirsk, 1969.
l .. , Qxb2+ !! White resigns (2 Kxb2 Nc4++ 3 Kc2 N43 mate).
437. Portiscb-f16ri6n, Budapest, 1955.
1 ... R Xb2+!1 2 Kxb2 Qxd4+ , White r-esigns (J Bd Rb8+ ) .
438. Kapenpt-Vapnian, 1970.
l ... Rx'b2!12 Kxb2 Qxc3+ 3 Kcl Rb8Wbite resi&JlS. There is no defence against
4 ... Rbl + and S .. Qb2 mate.
~39. Ney...Kreculescu, Bucllarest, 1957.
1 Bxb7+ H Kx b7 2 NeSH Resjgns.
440. Ftscbe~m.uren, Sousse, 1967.
l Qxh7+ H K x h72hxg6+ + Resigns(2 ... Kxg63 &4mate, or2 ... Kg83 Rlt8
mate).
441. Borisenko-Hathimovsk.aya~ Riga~ 1968.
1 QXh7+ !! Kxh7 2 g6+ Kh8 3 RgS!! Resigns.
442. Batuyev- Abdusamatov, Leningrad, 1951.
1 BXb7+ KXh7 (o1J . .. Kf8 2 Blt6!!) 2 Bf6!! Bxf6 (on 2 . . gxf6 there follows
J Rd3 Bf84Rh3+ Blt6S Qlt4!) 3 exf6Resigns. lf3 .. g6, tben4 Qb4+ K&8S Qh6.

Test ss Position 40-GO

Continuation of the tbeme 'Destructive combinations', lbowin& different types of tbese
combinations.. In djfficulty the test is similar to the ptevious one. Time for solution SO
minutes.
 Teat 56 113

4i9 8
114 Destructive combfn~tlons
Solution. to T..t 55
443. Doza-Titk:os, Hungary, 1961.
1 Re7!! O x e7 2 Qb2+ Rf6 (or 2 . .. Qg7 3 R><lt7+!l) 3 gx f6 Resigns.
444. Uik.man-Andersen, Corr., 1951-8.
1 ... R><h2+!1 2 Kxb2 Rh8 + 3 Kg3 Ne4 + White resigns. U 4 Qxe4, then 4 ...
Q xg5+, or 4 Kf4 Q xgS+ 5 Kxe4 Bd5+ .
445. HuJt-Kolett, Stodcholm, 1946.
1 Qpl Rg8 2 Q x h6 +! gxh6 4 Rxg8 mate .
446. Radev-Lyangov, Bulgaria , 1967.
J ... Be3+ 2 Kh2 Nft+ 3 Khl (if 3 R xfl, then 3 . .. B xiU, and wins) 3 . ..
Q xh3+ !! White resigns (4 gxh3 8{3+! S Rxj3 Rgl mate).
447. Vinoaradov- Fedin, Moscow 1973.
1 Q x h6+n gxh6 2 R x h6+ J<a7l Rh7+ Kf8 4 Rh8 + Kg75 Rg8+ 1016 6 gS mate.
448. Mu1Jer--Pichler, Dresden . 1972.
1 Ngh6+!! gx h6 (if 1 ... Kl:t8, then 2 Nfl+ Ks83 N51t6+ gx h64Qg4+)2 0g4+
Kh8 3 Rg7!t Resigns.
449. Kreculescu-Padevsky. Bucharest, 1950.
1 ... Qxgl+H White resigns {1 K xgJ Bh4 mate).
4SO. Pitt-Holt t. O>penhagen, 1960.
1 . .. Bh3+! 2 gx hJ RxgJ+!t 3 hxg3 Qx.g3+ 4 Bgl Rdl! ! White resigns.

Test 5e Positions 451-458

Conclusion of tbe theme "Destructive combinations', Difficulty is no greater than in the
two previous tests. Solving lime 45 minutes.

.SJ V.'
 Test 56 115

Ull
111 Detructive combinations
SolutloM to Te., 5I
451. Pfeiffer- Biau, Geneva, 19.52.
1 R xg6+!! fx g6 2 Q x g6+ 8g7 3 Rh8+l Resigns.
452. Ko tarov-Schonbcrg, Moscow, 1956.
1 B x g6+rl Kx g6 2 RBS+ Resigns.
453. Kupper-Nora, Lugano, 1962.
1 R x g6+ 1l K x a6 2 Ne7+ Resipt (2 ... K.lt6 3 Rf6+ , or 2 ... Kg7 3 Qg5+ ).
454. Dely-Glass, Rqsio-Emilia, 1960-1.
1 Bx,61! hx g6 2 Bg7r Resips.
4SS . P1au.-Lampe, Halle, 1957.
1 Qx f6+!! Kx f6 2 Rll + Ke7 3 Bp mate.
456. O'K.eUy-Barzin, BlankenburJ, 1959.
1 R x f6t! g x f6 2 NbS Qc3 3 Qe3 Ratps. There is no defence against 4 Bdl and 5
Qh6.
457. Kostakiev- Oimitrov, Sofia, 19S8.
1 ... R x f311 2 gx f3 Rg6+ 3 Kht Ng3+1 Wbite resigns (4 Kg2 NfS +, or 4 fX gJ
Qx gJ).
458. Kluger-sziligyi, Budapest, 1965.
1 .. . R x f3 t! 2 Q x fl Rfx h3+ 1 3 K;gl Rhl mate.
 Index of Players
A~roo lS B litny 374
Abchls1m.tov ~2 Bin l33, 41l, 451
Abnltams 36) Blomberg 81
Ad&Jh~20) Bobotsov 205
Adorpn 128, 270 Bopc22A
Alwc:sl56 Bollm 76
Aitken~. J06 Boiser 312
Ai~eCJsh~dc 289 Bokor l1S
AJbiZ28 Bolbocban <ell
Aarm 220 Bolc:~t.Y&ky 11, IS,l9, 118. 42S .Q-2
Abte:r 106 Booch-OiiiDOlovskf J7, ISO
Ande:nen 44.4 BOOk 1, 34
And.er1.1oo. B. 298 Bon:scnko 162, 441
Andemon, U . 13, 2A2 Borodinl88
Aosi.Uiadi 165 Bonyak ~
An,OJhin 17 Botvinnik '20, 91, 240, 32.6
ArateloY 220. ~ Bolalll7S
Aro!lin 32? Bnun.uerm
1\aenova 331 Broistd ZJ9
Attilo di JC.apilo 3S9 Broo~cin 31. 166, 317, 24, 30
AvaDa 80 BroW'Ile 78
AYerbakl'l llS, 257, ll8, l44 , 364. 390 Bntmcl m
Aver~in 264 Bnmdtn1p fiJ
Brynt~ 19
B11prov 2S, 4& Budtleb fiJ
Balkov 3S5 Bu&Jak. 113
8ait1JI'10'Y 74 Butbman 368
Bak.hlr 12 Bukulln 148
Bakonyi 210 But;ovck 28
Balas!IOY 31, 416 Bust 389
Balo&h 387 BtUIIOfYUS199
Baa 2 Buzhdizblo 179
BaallOY 163, 218 Bykova 280
Baanit 26S, 351 Byrne. D. 30S
Baatleon 1S4 Byrne. R. 26, SJ, 99, 100
Bartta lOS, 361
Damn S6 Cabercl231
BtiSJtf 7 Card068 Jl
Bani)eY 442 Caroui 11
Batttr 192 Ccki 2-54
Beckfr 117 Chaikovwya 28:2
Bel.eAky 60, m C"'Uis 58
Betousov 3C2 C"'pliDU)' 119
Belyueblt 19 CbarmhiD 21
BeD1164 Chckblov J.2S
Beak6 90, 208 Chckbover 63, 9"3
BenbtiOY 127 Chcpukaitis 1l8
Bemtt~in 84, 391 Cberepkov 390
BheDd 136, 29S Cbemikov 175
Bkbsel l41 Cbemyakov 19
Bl&lova ln CbistYJlcOV 364
B11ek 146, 3()1 CiQQICe;a 319, 398
lllipler I.S. 70 Ctin~l l lS
Blt.hop S..
BJtma.n US Dahl 56
BJnhcvl79 OaniebOf'l 81
Bjorkqvm 209 Oan1e.5l21
Bli!Cbt k 1Z4 Oa.rp 211, 427

'"
120 Index of plyen
Oukhev'.cb 410 ~Jmaa 42'9
OubJo291 Fonnto. 23.5, 158
Otbaroot 1l FoWd 4J8
Otfos J-41 FndmaalSO
Othqlbnt 6 Fndri.blon 308
Otty 1~. 415, 45-4 Fncdricb 184
Dcmcat~r18J F\M:bll68
Dcmcatiev 154 Flalkr 128
Dac:tlal1Cr46 F\uman 3'24
Dape~Q
De Vine J89 Oliduov IU
Oicbon 216 Olpindasb.U. lJ, 2A.5
[)jckJ 259 o.ma 120, 407
Oia del Con&l 318 OUAnov 2lO
Ditlhit 6 Odlicr ?1, 291, 317,413
Dimilrov 457 Ocorpcbc 121, 189
Omitrie11 282 Ocn:beo 296
Dobou 294 Obc&biu 202. 318.
Ooda 258 Oik 74, 164
Dokrm Oior 299
Dolc:W 222 Olus4S4
Doaudis 206 Olipic= s. 36, lJ.t, 430
Domall 3 OoadcDOY 133, 42S
Dooner UJ, 1n. 420 Oo&cbcbmidt 76
Dom287 Ooldslcia )47
Doll443 Oolombe-k 20, 71 , 116
Dubaya J.tS GrqcrW
01Kks4c:in 22, 211, '274 Grc!c 123
DucbWI196 ~)28
Du.akdblam 172 Orlnfcld SO
Durao 'T1 0Todner 1S9
~4Z3 Oross 404
Ovfcld 244, lS7
Ebcntecb 249 Ou.ldm 203
Ecbc-vcri 174 OuJnm 89
EWan Z31, 311 OumeJius 13'2
EllakoY 436 Owderm111 30
EnFn 41 Ounaaabuat JCM
Epcn 9 Oun:tel Jll
Etbit Jl2 Gulev Ul, :.W
Eriktlea 39 Outman 199
EtmakoY 436 Out()p 22.5
e-:ncero 139
Estradl 13-t Hajnatl 434
Etu\n 178 Hakhlmovtkaya 4C1
Eam.lmU Halfdaftanaoft ~
uuk J47, lS7 Hallen J92
Euw 66~ 33.$ Haawla&S
E.v1.111 .57, 70, 123 Hatldkt J42
HanJtt173
Faul14 HatUOD, J. 246
Fabian 434 Hatwoc, W. 2Al

=:
Falk J9o4 Haywood m
Fedin 447 Heemtoth J86
Fenul46
Fidltl 174
FilatOY 4 l 7 Hciscobuner 1815
Fitippov 339 Hcnmnp~ .~
FlOnicb 182 Hildcrbranch 67
fi.c:her 90, 19), JJO, l$9, 415. 440 HJOnh 313
fllld262 Holtt S3. 450
Flactl 125 Hooan4JS
Flollr 2SS, '219 Hoati 419
Fl6ti6n lOI , 343. 43'7 Hortemaa 126
 Index of plyeff 121
Hon 99, 201 , 21'9 KondflbcY 376
Hubatt 409 ~~367
Kult lOl. 445 Kopylov 2SJ
KoteMoi 161, 16&, 344, 413
Dcbcnko 323 Kotpu 215
Dlvil~ky 131 Koska 30
lnci l08 Kosldt~e:n 428
lo!fc 167 KostatieY olS7
Ivantom K040Y 107. 191
lvuo~, N. 60 ICCMJ 100
lvlliOwky 400 K04mauer 113
IYI.IUOO lOl Koun.a 108.
fvkov 198, 311 .. m Kraidmu 84
Kramov204
lamiC10n 104 Krcanar 2JO
Jan0l273 Krc~ 439, 4-49
JatlOICric: 419 Krctdlmcr 268
Jama 44 KriJoy 396
J~a'22 Krincv SS
Jobanaon 40 KriY'OO.OtlOV 320
JI&St 3J7 Kropo18
K.n&tdrwi1z :>13
K.adiri l.54 l<nl1ikbiJI 119
~339 KADCii lS8
KaluDUdarm 3S6 Kubic:e.k 403
ICuninsky 1S3 Kuijpen 1-46, 232
KU~pCn 36S KWndz!li 44, 189
K.UJ 30S KlllllJDCr l39
Kmtol93 Kulllto'riz 316
Katuorovidl 329 Kupper :J98, 5J
Kapallllt 438 ltllprekbik Ill, 157
K.apic 290 KurajiQ 310
Karkosywn W KU"tetdii2S
Karls 340 Kumio 320
KarlllOCI 2.$1 K~toY 366
IC.aa 404 l(wj~l$6
Kasparov 18
Kawymov 01 , m Lampe olSS
Kdllu 306 I.Midsteuet 273
KcDcr 412 Lana418
K.cmpf Ill t..ap,ln 376
Keres 75 , 91 . 240, 286, 3JS, ~Jl l..aneft 92., 201
K.cr.klloff 194 Luker, Ed. ao
Kmlcr 375 L&u268
IChad.thipetrov 10 L&urcum
Kbodkol96 L&urille l&3
KboJmov lS. 118 Laumcn 38
Kilime~r 43 l..aucev138
Kilandcr '2S4 l..dlmUID 248., 411 , 4l4
K.imelfcld Jq Lcqycl195
Kinzd 274, l09 Lcmcr 217.
Kirby 4ll lcnmo332
KiriDo" m I.&Yel1fim 286
Kill~ 59, 327 Ucb 316
Kizi!O" J(f1 Ulicllthal 1S8
KLuacr~ Lindholm 236
KD~341 Linck 271
K6betl 301, 369 Lint 129
Kobr 22.4 Upuitlty l70
teodliev Sl LilicJYII 140
Kofman l.S, 417 Ljubojclic 197
ICOP' 281) Ljuqq11ilt 302
tGolaroY lO, 210$, 4$2 Lobip.s 346
K~n44$ Locbov S4
122 Index of plyers
l...okvalem fllaranja 143
Lomaya 360 ~wakilM
l..orcntc 228 Nesra 4l9
Lo~m~96 Ncik:irdl 34-9
Lovtu 18 NatleT 66
~.o~evm Nci 16
LIIO~ 114 ~but223
Llldolr 103 fllezlunetdino 4).1
L~o~k.lq Jl-4 Nititia 7'2
L..tovalltO\' 237 Nikob)'CYiky lSJ
Lundla lJl, 315 Niklicb lti9
LA~smy-.J 218 Nilsen 38, 236
L11dt0\' 63 Nibson1!17
lllrshft 3 Norta 453
l.yaoacw 4Mi Nosov 196
Novoccloov 257
M'.acOcwaa 2A
MadC~Me~ Obet1e 177
Madlet131 oKeo1 s1
M:adiell 288 Olamon 199, 414
MaktitDor 149 Okioik 149
Waliew.ty 213 Oliveira .t22, 429
MallicaltJ7 ObJon S6
Mae 127 Onn )"0
tdarc::ue 278 Onclerta 401
MardleCS Omsccia 115
~.~.101
OmoiiSJ, 238, 243
05tropolslty 4()0
Man*t 261
Matuinjak 294 Pacbman 200, 421
Martas m . 252 Packwty (jT, 253, 426, 4-49
Ma.rtslw427 Pa:lc1\a1s 23
Marty\Uhov 8. Paltle 266
Malaoovic us Pakllla 110
Mattiloe 14 Puc:heuo 120
Mazie 271 Put,abea83
Mtdiu 353, 420 Pua:ke 110
Mcd)'aaitow 50 hoJJ 13,87
Metal :16 hpp 127
Melchior J.s:l Pardon 6
~40. 23.S hn:nal8S
Meyer 46 Parou.lek 290
Miapnallllfeft 405, 440 Pan47
MittftU Ul Pavlov 1S2
Mlklb 291 Pavlovic IOJ
Milet 259 Pc:dlenca 412
Mllouty221 Peer 169
Mllywift lll Pmrose llS
Mitkovich 2M PcrkillllJ6
Mitdldl~ Pntz 160
MutUhlllae m Pe~eb 375
Moller 13 P,eterm
Molllon,.,
Momo 2A, 100 Pctrov 284
P,~J3
Moatall263 Peul90
Mou.a169 Pfeiffer 4Sl
MUIChaik 94 PfiMer 117
M\dtMJ 141 Pldtter U, 448
Mllllrill1l0l Plllu m
Mullar ~ . D . +&I Pm97
Muny310 Plpovl77
Pltskut 281
Najdod U)9 115 Plu450
Napibaao 218 Pla.nloc 310
 Index of plyers 121
Pam 4S6 Sc:bwalbe Ill
Podpny I .. Sc:bwvzbactl 264
Popl5 6l Sqya1cck 387
PoltCTD 409 ScrcbriJ.ky 61, 336
Pohapyevsty n . 212. m Scrcdenk.o 342
Polyak 118, w SelJec" 237
Pc1m1r 248, 276 Scm lJ
Popov l8, 219 ScTTIDO 26J
Pone 109, 361 ScrYityl-45
Portlsch 143, 300. 4)7 Sbabiimk:y 122
Poubanme 6.S Sbakhn<widl 347
Pri&dM:II lS4 Sbabin 164, 410
Pri'rlfa 403 StiUICti m
Prok~lf1 StJelocbiJin 27S
Pytel 229 Sbenria3)4
Slloaon 330
0\alnonet 87, ~ Stltaerman 206
Ownte rot 414 Shtembera 89
Shtirt~cra 111
Rabar 49 Sitvervn 1_..
Raasanu406 Simapn .-. tM , 188, zm, l05
Jbdevl49 , ~ SunaftSkl 114
JlJduJov 7'9. 276 Skold 428
It~ 37. lSl, 166, 133 Skuya 181
Raisa 174 Shwa75, 2S8
Raaj43l Slobodnilcw 179
Raatul n $meJk.al no
R.annstr 111. 1a. 1J17 Sm)'SJov 5, 11. 49, 106, 140, 191. 2U. 25.5. 31.5, 326
Rethev1.ky 53, 92, 160, 134 Sok.olslty 16, 93, 14S, 110, 227
R.idutt, E. 173 Sole:r 402.
RJduu. K. 42 Soltnanat 61
Rlao 21 Sonbauer 408
R.ltM 213 Soultaftbeletf 388
RO!Oft ll Spamer 96
Rocui3Sl Spusky 161
Roldaa9 Sprm.Jer 117
Rokhlin 360 SWICkv 163
Rom.aoishia 6S Stean 416
Rom.anov 2.60 Stebtyrio S2
ROihaJ 225 Ste n 98. 106
Roacuol34 StokJou. US
llollolimo 6C, 116-, 343 Stolle 337
Romer Ill StollltS2
RounbcfJ 111 Stomam
Rouobl&t1102 Stradalov 2A7
Rodinlkj 2$6 SttaftlttOCa 372
RU1tca 190 Strautietdl 30, 4S
RY'<JY 36l Saaelin 176
Rytllkov 314 Su.lim 167
Syomkcw 3S2
Sabioia 171 Subadol39~
Sudy 253, 261 Su.bo 2, 191, 191, 110. 431
SaiJin 2r7 Szilal)'i uo. m . 458
Saila 1 Smapit 21
Sailer2JO
SM.h.woot 8l TlimanoY 29, 336, J62
SIJIIitch 156 Tal176, 180, 18.5, 267, 3.53
Sandia~ TUI 9'1
Sendnteyer4l Tuuov 396
~.1
Tuj11126
Tutataftf 394
Sdlmid, L. 64, 303 Tatarioltev 86
SdiG<bera 4.51 Tavernier 159
bulta397 TembJom 2SO
1M lndeK of players
TC~Cfm 262. 300
TjD'liDIII 180
Tipary 369
"f:j&enlO 170
TllkO$ 18, 443
Tolll$!! 4. 1'07
Torman 226
TrifunoridS, 71, 23J Ww 17S, 2l2
Triflcov S.5 WaWa126
TroiaDCtal 62 Walther 1)6, lSO
Tsanko426 we,tiJs 308
Tadtlin 217
Taesbkovsky7.7, 157
T~ov200
Welder 321 41 -
Wbeat~ott ===========
W"tekd n
Tuk 331 W"mtcr363
TUmatov244 W"uu 42, Ul
W"tai.DC'II'Sti 229
Ubilava m Witkow.W 32.4
u~m
WriJbt 14
Ublmano 137. 4fJ7
Ultman .444
U IIJUCCIUU 319 YIDCMtyl:W
Ua:tid:eT 68, 193 Y11kiJtmaM 333
Uneanu 16S Yudllcvictt n
lhhb1122
US.Uft0\198 Zait.kio .366
Uldi 147 Zai1xv A '265
U.r.maft 402 z..i*", S. lSO
Zalesnu 41
Vqataian 4.38 Z.vada m
Vafund 2$2 l.nertM!y tl2
v IU'I SUealt 130. 142 Zed t29
VaraJ)'i 19.5 Z.moov 86
Ve~v183
Zhavel ~'
Verk 283 ZhdanoY 371
Videla lSl Z!wtavl~ 162. 2(,0
Vikll'laft 293 ~48.1St
Viktoro jCJ ZiM399
Vile!WD J9J ~~79
Vlllup 2$'1 Zolotarev S2
ViftO.pdav 447 Zurakbov 28S