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Gas Gathering PDF
Gas Gathering PDF
Gas Gathering
Workshop
In this example, a gas gathering system located on varied terrain is
simulated using the steady state capabilities of HYSYS. The following
figure shows the physical configuration of this system superimposed on
a topographic map. The system consists of four wells distributed over
Fast Track to page 6. an area of approximately 2.0 square km, connected to a gas plant via a
network of pipelines.
The gas in this case is varied, both sour and sweet gas are being
combined in the pipeline, as well as a gas condensate mixture. A Mixer
combines all of the incoming gas streams from the outlying wells into
one common header. Flowlines extending from this central site to each
of the individual wells are modelled in HYSYS using the Pipe Segment
operation. Since the plant is located in an area with mixed terrain, the
elevation changes, must be accounted for in the Pipe Segments.
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Gas Gathering 3
Learning Objectives
Once you have completed this module, you will be able to:
Prerequisites
Adding Streams and Operations
Process Overview
Pipe Diameters for each of the branches are:
Schedule 40 steel pipe is used throughout and all branches are buried
at a depth of 1m (3 feet). All pipes are uninsulated.
Elevation data for each of the branches are provided in the following
table. Branches that traverse undulating terrain have been subdivided
into a number of segments with elevation points assigned at locations
where there is a significant slope change. Such locations in the network
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4 Gas Gathering
are labeled on the schematic diagram with the elevation value in italics.
Elevation
Length Elevation
Branch Segment Change
meter (feet) meter (feet)
meter (feet)
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Process Overview
6 Gas Gathering
Rather than adding the components and the oil again, open the case
from Module 5 (containing the four Gas Well streams).
The following components should appear in the Fluid Package, N2, H2S,
CO2, C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, C6, C7+*, H20, NBP[0]78*,
NBP[0]162*, NBP[0]245*, NBP[0]318*, NBP[0]431*
The Pipe Segment offers three calculation modes: Pressure Drop, Flow,
and Length; the appropriate mode will automatically be selected
depending on the information supplied. In order to solve the pipe, you
must supply enough information to completely define both the
material balance and energy balance.
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Getting Started 7
5. Select the library components N2, H2S, CO2, C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4,
i-C5, n-C5, C6, and H2O.
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8 Getting Started
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Getting Started 9
8. Move to the Critical tab. The only property supplied by the lab for
the C7+ component is the Normal Boiling Pt. Enter a value of
110C (230F). Press the Estimate Unknown Props button to
estimate all the other properties and fully define the hypothetical
component.
9. When the hypo has been defined, return to the Fluid Package by
closing the Hypothetical Component C7+* view.
10. Add the hypo to the Current Component List by selecting it in the
Hypo Components group and then pressing the Add Hypo
button.
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Getting Started 15
1. Press the <F11> hot key. The stream property view appears. If the
stream property view is not displayed, double click on the newly
created stream to bring up the property view.
Highlight the Stream Name cell. Change the stream name by typing in a
new name:
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Getting Started 17
N2 0.0002
H2S 0.0405
CO2 0.0151
C1 0.7250
C2 0.0815
C3 0.0455
i-C4 0.0150
n-C4 0.0180
i-C5 0.0120
n-C5 0.0130
C6 0.0090
C7+ 0.0252
H2O 0.0000
7. Press the OK button when all the mole fractions have been
If there are <empty> values entered.
either enter 0 or press the
Normalize button. The stream 8. Close the Stream property view.
is not fully defined until all
composition values have a
numerical input.
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18 Getting Started
N2 0.0025
H2S 0.0237
CO2 0.0048
C1 0.6800
C2 0.1920
C3 0.0710
i-C4 0.0115
n-C4 0.0085
i-C5 0.0036
n-C5 0.0021
C6 0.0003
C7+ 0.0000
H2O 0.0000
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Getting Started 19
N2 0.0050
H2S 0.0141
CO2 0.0205
C1 0.5664
C2 0.2545
C3 0.0145
i-C4 0.0041
n-C4 0.0075
i-C5 0.0038
n-C5 0.0037
C6 0.0060
C7+ 0.0090
H2O 0.0909
Save Button
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Getting Started 31
31
Oil Characterization 5
5
6 Oil Characterization
Oil Characterization
The petroleum characterization in HYSYS accepts different types of
information about the oil. The more information you can supply about
your sample, the more accurate the representation will be.
The Minimum amount of
information that HYSYS There are three steps involved in characterizing any oil in HYSYS:
requires to characterize an oil:
a laboratory distillation 1. Characterize the Assay
curve 2. Generate Pseudo Components
two of the following bulk 3. Install the Oil in the Flowsheet
properties: Molecular Weight,
Density, or Watson K Factor
Assay Types
Accurate volatility characteristics are vital when representing a
petroleum fluid in your process simulation. HYSYS accepts the
following standard laboratory analytical assay procedures.
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Oil Characterization 7
Light Ends
Light Ends are defined as pure components with low boiling points.
Components in the boiling range of C2 to n-C5 are most commonly of
interest.
Bulk Properties
Bulk Properties for the sample may also be supplied. The bulk
properties are optional if a distillation curve or chromatograph have
been supplied.
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8 Oil Characterization
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Oil Characterization 9
When steps 1 - 5 are completed, the view should look something like
this.
6. Select the Light Ends radio button in the Input Data group.
Specify the Light Ends Basis as Mole % and enter the following
data:
N2 0.98
C2 8.87
C3 7.11
i-C4 1.47
n-C4 3.75
i-C5 1.25
n-C5 1.63
n-C6 0.00
H2O 0.00
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10 Oil Characterization
7. Select the Paraffinic radio button and specify the Basis as Mole.
Enter the following data.
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Oil Characterization 11
8. Select the Aromatic radio button, and enter the following mole
fractions.
10. Select the Bulk radio button to enter the Bulk information.
Just as with Fluid Packages, 11. The Molecular Weight is 79.6 and the Specific Gravity (Density)
Assays can be Imported and
is 0.6659 SG_60/60api.
Exported to be used in
different cases. 12. Once you have entered all of the data, press the Calculate button.
The status message at the bottom of the Assay view will display
Assay Was Calculated.
Once the Assay is calculated, the working curves are displayed on the
Working Curves tab. The working curves are regressed from the Assay
input. The calculation of the Blend is based on these working curves.
13. Close this view to return to the Oil Characterization view. You
should still be on the Assay tab of the view.
Notice that all of the buttons on the view are now accessible.
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12 Oil Characterization
Cut Ranges
You have three choices for the Cut Option Selection:
Range Cuts
User Ranges - You specify the boiling point ranges and the
number of cuts per range.
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Oil Characterization 13
The results of the calculation can be viewed on the Tables tab of the
Blend view.
HYSYS will assign the composition of your calculated Oil and Light
Ends into this stream, completing the characterization process.
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16 Oil Characterization
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Gas Gathering 7
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8 Gas Gathering
Parameters page
On this page, you can select the gradient method which will be used for
Two-Phase (VL) flow calculations. The options are:
For all of the pipes in this example, use the Beggs and Brill correlation
for two phase flow.
For single phase streams, the The Pressure Drop for the pipe can be supplied on the Parameters
Darcy equation is used for page. In this example, it will be left empty and calculated.
pressure drop predictions.
Rating tab
Dimensions page
On the Sizing page, you construct the length-elevation profile for the
Pipe Segment. Each pipe section and fitting is labeled as a segment. To
fully define the pipe sections segments, you must also specify pipe
schedule, diameters, pipe material and a number of increments.
Fitting/Pipe Pipe
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Gas Gathering 9
Segment 2 3
Schedule 40 40
When all three segments have been added and defined, the view should
look like this:
The Pipe Segment is not yet able to solve because we have not specified
any information about the heat transfer properties of the pipe.
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10 Gas Gathering
For all pipes in this simulation, use Overall and the Heat Transfer
Coefficient Estimation method.
Inside
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Gas Gathering 11
Connections
Name Branch 2
Feed GasWell 2
Product B2 Out
Energy B2-Q
Dimensions
Segment 1
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12 Gas Gathering
Connections
Name Branch 3
Feed GasWell 3
Product B3 Out
Energy B3-Q
Dimensions
Segment 1
Segment 2
Segment 3
Heat Transfer
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Gas Gathering 13
Connections
Name Junction 1
Product J1 Out
Parameters
3. Add two Pipe Segments to your case with the values provided in
the following tables.
Connections
Name Branch 4
Feed J1 Out
Product B4 Out
Energy B4-Q
Dimensions
Segment 1
Heat Transfer
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14 Gas Gathering
Connections
Name Branch 5
Feed GasWell 4
Product B5 Out
Energy B5-Q
Dimensions
Segment 1
Segment 2
Heat Transfer
Connections
Name Junction 2
Product J2 Out
Parameters
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Gas Gathering 15
Connections
Name Branch 6
Feed J2 Out
Product B6 Out
Energy B6-Q
Dimensions
Segment 1
Heat Transfer
Connections
Name Junction 3
Product J3 Out
Parameters
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16 Gas Gathering
Connections
Name Branch 7
Feed J3 Out
Product B7 Out
Energy B7-Q
Dimensions
Segment 1
Heat Transfer
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Gas Gathering 19
Challenge
You instruct your summer student, Peter Reynolds to go out to the field
and measure the temperature and pressure of the gas that is being
delivered to the Gas Plant. He reports that the temperature is 38 C
(100 oF) and the pressure is 7457 kPa (1080 psia). Using your HYSYS
simulator, what do you find the pressure of each of the Gas Wells to be?
Hint: you will have to make some changes to the simulation into order
for it to solve completely.
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