The Babcock & Wilcox Company

Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations

Symbols Ceff collection/removal efficiency,
Symbols used in Steam are defined within the chap- dimensionless or percent
ters. The following is a summary of those that are Cf cleanliness factor, dimensionless
commonly used. Specialized symbols are not repeated Ci concentration of specie in the impinger, lb/
here. Symbols for chemical elements appear in Appen- lb (kg/kg)
dix 1, Table 3.3. The frequently used units are listed Cin concentration at inlet, lb/lb (kg/kg)
for each parameter, for illustration purposes. Other Cm mass flow of specie, lb/h (kg/s)
units used are defined in the chapter text. Cout concentration at outlet, lb/lb (kg/kg)
Cp pitot tube correction factor, dimensionless
a crack size, ft or in. (m or mm) Cppm,d concentration of specie on a dry basis,
a inside radius, ft or in. (m or mm) ppm
a major axis of an ellipsoid, ft or in. (m or mm) Cppm,w concentration of specie on a wet basis,
a, b, c general coefficients ppm
A area, cross-sectional area or surface area, Cq coefficient of discharge, dimensionless
ft2 (m2) Cs concentration of specie at standard
A mass number (total number of protons conditions, lb/lb (kg/kg)
plus neutrons) Ct energy release rate (power) parameter, in.
An cross-sectional area of nozzles, ft2 (m2) lb/in.2 h (J/m2 s)
Ct thermal capacitance, Btu/ft3 F (J/m3 K)
b minor axis of an ellipsoid, ft or in. (m or CV valve flow coefficient
mm)
b outside radius, ft or in. (m or mm) d diameter, ft or in. (m or mm)
B barometric pressure, in. Hg da percent reduction in area
B ratio of throat diameter to pipe diameter, D diameter, ft or in. (m or mm)
dimensionless D or d displacement, ft (m)
Bw moisture fraction, lb/lb (kg/kg) De or DH equivalent or hydraulic diameter = 4A/
Per, ft or in. (m or mm)
c distance, ft (m) Di internal stack diameter, ft
c speed of light Dsm diameter, Sauter mean
cp specific heat at constant pressure, Btu/lb DL dead load, psi (Pa)
F (J/kg K)
cpa specific heat of air, Btu/lb F (J/kg K) e available energy, Btu/lb (J/kg)
cpg specific heat of gas, Btu/lb F (J/kg K) E emission rate, dry, at 0% O2, lb/h (kg/s)
cv specific heat at constant volume, Btu/lb F E energy, Btu (J)
(J/kg K) E weld joint efficiency or ligament efficiency,
C crack geometry factor, dimensionless dimensionless
C or c coefficient E Youngs modulus of elasticity, psi (Pa)
Ca concentration of specie at duct conditions, E change in energy
lb/lb (kg/kg) Eb blackbody emissive power, Btu/h ft2 (W/m2)

Steam 41 / Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations S-1

 The Babcock & Wilcox Company

EQ seismic loading, psi (Pa) JI J-integral, in. lb/in.2 (J/m2)

Eu Euler number = P/V 2, dimensionless JIC J-integral, critical, in. lb/in.2 (J/m2)
JR material crack growth resistance, in. lb/
f friction factor, dimensionless in.2 (J/m2)
fx body force
F geometry correction factor, dimensionless k coefficient or parameter
F heat exchanger arrangement factor, k specific heat ratio compressibility factor,
dimensionless dimensionless
F peak stresses k thermal conductivity, Btu/h ft F (W/m K)
F radiation configuration factor, kc insulation thermal conductivity, Btu/h ft F
dimensionless (W/m K)
F total radiation exchange factor, kT isothermal compressibility
dimensionless K discharge coefficient, dimensionless
Fa crossflow arrangement factor, K factor or coefficient
dimensionless K thermal conductance, Btu/h F (W/K)
FA allowable axial compressive stress, psi (Pa) Keg equilibrium constant, dimensionless
Fd F-factor, dry, at 0% O2, dimensionless KI stress intensity factor, ksi in.1/2 (MPa m1/2)
Fd tube bundle depth factor, dimensionless KIC critical stress intensity factor or fracture
Fe effectiveness factor, dimensionless toughness, ksi in.1/2 (MPa m1/2)
Fpp fluid property factor Kr stress intensity factor/toughness ratio,
FT fluid temperature factor, dimensionless dimensionless
FS factor of safety, dimensionless Ky mass transfer coefficient, lb/ft2 s (kg/m2 s)
FV future value K stress intensity range

g acceleration of gravity, 32.17 ft/s2 (9.8 m/s2) l
tube centerline spacing parallel to flow, ft (m)
g Gibbs free energy, Btu/lb (J/kg)
l tube centerline spacing transverse to flow,
gc proportionality factor, 32.17 lbm ft/lbf s2
ft (m)
(1 kg m/N s2)
le equivalent plate thickness, ft or in. (m or mm)
G incident thermal radiation, Btu/h ft2 (W/m2)
L or l length or dimension, ft or in. (m or mm)
G mass flux or mass velocity, lb/h ft2 (kg/m2 s)
Lh fin height, ft or in. (m or mm)
Gmax critical flow mass flux, lb/h ft2 (kg/m2 s)
LMTD log mean temperature difference, F (C)
g (Ts T ) 2 L3 LS limestone consumption, lb/h (kg/s)
Gr Grashof number = ,
2 Lt fin spacing, ft or in. (m or mm)
dimensionless

h heat transfer coefficient, Btu/h ft2 F (W/m2 K) m mass, lb (kg)

h thickness, ft or in. (m or mm) 
m mass flow rate, lb/h (kg/s)
hct contact coefficient, Btu/h ft2 F (W/m2 K) ms mass of steam, lb (kg)
hc crossflow heat transfer coefficient, Btu/h mw mass of water, lb (kg)
ft2 F (W/m2 K) M moisture in steam sample, percent
crossflow velocity and geometry factor M molecular weight, lb/lb-mole (kg/kg-mole)
hc
Md molecular weight of gas, dry basis
hl longitudinal heat transfer coefficient, Btu/ Mo redundant bending moment, lb ft (N m)
h ft2 F (W/m2 K) Mw molecular weight of gas, wet basis
h longitudinal flow velocity and geometry
l
factor n parameter, coefficient or number of cycles
H enthalpy, Btu/lb (J/kg) N coefficient, number of cycles or number of
Hf enthalpy of saturated water, Btu/lb (J/kg) concentric thermocouple shields
Hfg enthalpy of vaporization, Btu/lb (J/kg) Nu Nusselt number = h L/k, dimensionless
Hfw enthalpy of feedwater, Btu/lb (J/kg) Nv or N number of velocity heads, dimensionless
Hg enthalpy of saturated steam, Btu/lb (J/kg)
p particle size, in. (mm)
I electrical current, amperes pr partial pressure, atm
I intensity P parameter
I moment of inertia, in.4 (m4) P pressure or partial pressure, psi (Pa)
P primary stress
J mechanical equivalent of heat, 778.17 ft P temperature ratio for surface
lbf/Btu (1 N m/J) arrangement factor, dimensionless
J radiosity, Btu/h ft2 (W/m2) Pb primary bending stress

S-2 Steam 41 / Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations

 The Babcock & Wilcox Company

Pe Peclet number = RePr, dimensionless sf entropy of water, Btu/lb F (J/kg K)

Per perimeter, ft or in. (m or mm) sfg entropy of evaporation, Btu/lb F (J/kg K)
PL local primary membrane stress sg entropy of steam, Btu/lb F (J/kg K)
PL furnace gas pressure loading, psi (Pa) S allowable stress
Pm pressure at meter, psi (Pa) S entropy, Btu/F (J/K)
Pm general primary membrane stress S surface area, or total exposed surface area
cp for a finned surface, ft2 (m2)
Pr Prandtl number = , dimensionless S general source term
k
Ps absolute pressure at duct, psi (Pa) S quantity of entropy, Btu/F (J/K)
Ptotal total pressure, lb/ft2 (N/m2) S steam-water slip ratio, dimensionless
Pv total vertical design load SE stack effect, in. wg/ft
PV present value Sf fin surface area; sides plus peripheral
PVF present value factor area, ft2 (m2)
P pressure differential, psi (Pa) SL longitudinal (parallel) spacing, ft or in. (m
Pl stack flow loss, in. of water or mm)
PSE stack effect driving pressure, lb/ft2 (N/m2) Sm allowable stress intensity, psi (Pa)
Sr applied stress/net section plastic collapse
q heat flow rate, Btu/h (W) stress ratio, dimensionless
q heat flux, Btu/h ft2 (W/m2) ST transverse (side) spacing, ft (m)

qCHF heat flux at CHF conditions, Btu/h ft2 (W/m2) St Stanton number = Nu/(RePr),
dimensionless
q volumetric heat generation rate, Btu/h ft3
Su material tensile strength, psi (Pa)
(W/m3)
Sy material yield strength, psi (Pa)
qrel heat release rate, Btu/h ft3 (W/m3)
SPVF series present value factor
qrev reversible heat input per unit mass, Btu/
lb (J/kg)
t thickness, ft or in. (m or mm)
Q or q heat input, Btu (J), or heat input per unit
t time, h or s
mass, Btu/lb (J/kg)
tc current wall thickness, in. (mm)
Q gas flow rate, lb/h (kg/s)
te time at end of life
Q heat absorption or heat added to system,
tp present time
Btu (J)
T temperature, F or R (C or K)
Q secondary stresses
Tcv temperature at critical viscosity, F (C)
Qac actual volumetric flow rate, ft3/h (m3/s)
Tsat saturation temperature, F (C)
Qsd dry volumetric flow rate at standard
Tw wall temperature, F (C)
conditions, ft3/h (m3/s)
T250 temperature at 250 poise viscosity, F
r radius or inside radius, ft or in. (m or mm) To temperature at initial time, F (C)
R constant or coefficient To sink temperature, F or R (C or K)
R forcing function TD terminal temperature difference, F (C)
R radius or outside radius, ft or in. (m or TS tensile strength at temperature, psi (Pa)
mm) t time interval, h or s
R specific gas constant R/M, lbf ft/lbm R T temperature difference, F (C)
(J/kg K) TLMTD log mean temperature difference, F (C)
R temperature ratio for surface T sat Tsat Tw, F (C)
arrangement factor, dimensionless
R thermal resistance, h ft2 F/Btu (m2 K/W) u internal stored energy, Btu/lb (J/kg)
R universal gas constant, 1545 ft lb/lb-mole u, v, w velocity in x, y, z coordinates respectively,
R (8.3143 kJ/kg-mole K) ft/s (m/s)
Ra Rayleigh number = GrPr, dimensionless U overall heat transfer coefficient, Btu/h ft2
F (W/m2 K)
V L G L specific volume, ft3/lb (m3/kg)
= ,
Re Reynolds number = va specific volume, air
dimensionless f specific volume, water
Rf fouling index bituminous ash fg specific volume, evaporation
Rs slagging index bituminous ash g specific volume, steam
Rs slagging index lignitic ash
Rvs slagging index viscosity V electrical voltage, volts
V velocity, ft/s (m/s)
s specific entropy, Btu/lb F (J/kg K) V volume, ft3 (m3)

Steam 41 / Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations S-3

 The Babcock & Wilcox Company

Vd dry gas volume, ft3 (m3) 3.1415926

Vm dry gas volume at meter conditions, ft3 (m3) density, lb/ft3 (kg/m3)
Vn sample gas velocity through the nozzle, reflectivity, dimensionless
ft/s (m/s) d average downcomer density, lb/ft3 (kg/m3)
Vo redundant shear force, psi (Pa) hom homogenous density, lb/ft3 (kg/m3)
Vs velocity of the flue gas, ft/s (m/s) (z) local density, lb/ft3 (kg/m3)
atomic cross-section, barns
w work per unit mass, ft-lb/lbm (J/kg) standard deviation
wrev reversible work per unit mass, ft-lb/lbm Stefan-Boltzmann constant, 0.1713 x 10-8
(J/kg) Btu/h ft2 R4 (5.669 x 10-8 W/m2 K4)
W width, ft or in. (m or mm) stress, psi (Pa)
W work, ft-lb (J) a allowable alternating stress, psi (Pa)
W1 leakage flow rate, lb/h (kg/s) r, t, z radial, tangential and axial stress, psi (Pa)
WL wind loading, psi (Pa) t thermal stress, psi (Pa)
y.p. yield point stress, psi (Pa)
x dimension, ft or in. (m or mm) 1 longitudinal stress, psi (Pa)
x steam quality, mass fraction steam 2 hoop stress, psi (Pa)
xCHF steam quality at CHF conditions, mass shear stress, psi (Pa)
fraction steam transmissivity, dimensionless
x, y, z dimensions in Cartesian coordinate LO
2
two-phase friction multiplier, all fluid as a
system, ft or in. (m or mm) liquid, dimensionless
x change in length, ft or in. (m or mm) general dependent variable
X weight fraction, dimensionless two-phase multiplier for a steam-water
separator, dimensionless
Y compressibility factor, dimensionless
Y Schmidt fin geometry factor, Subscripts
dimensionless 1 initial or inlet condition
Yg concentration in bulk fluid, lb/lb (kg/kg) 2 final or outlet condition
Yi concentration at condensate interface, a air
lb/lb (kg/kg) amb ambient
aux auxiliary component or system
Z or z elevation or length, ft or in. (m or mm) b bulk fluid
Z atomic number (number of protons in the c contact or conduction
nucleus) cg convection, gas-side
Z Schmidt fin geometry factor, cv convection
dimensionless clean unfouled or clean condition
e node point east
Greek symbols econ economizer
absorptivity, dimensionless eq or e equivalent
angle, deg (rad) f fluid, fin or saturated water
coefficient of thermal expansion, ft/ft (m/m) g gas or saturated steam
thermal diffusivity = k/cp, ft2/s (m2/s) i inside or ith parameter or initial condition
void fraction, dimensionless in entering a system
deflection or rotation influence coefficients j jth parameter
volume coefficient of expansion, 1/R (1/K) l liquid
effective diffusion coefficient max maximum
diameter or film thickness, ft or in. (m or mm) min minimum
emissivity, dimensionless o outside or final condition
roughness, in. (mm) out leaving a system
strain, ft/ft (m/m) p node point under evaluation
efficiency as a fraction or percentage P products
Schmidt fin efficiency, dimensionless r radiation
net net efficiency, dimensionless ref reference
th thermal efficiency, dimensionless rg radiation, gas-side
angle, deg (rad) R reactants
dynamic viscosity, lbm/ft s (kg/m s) s steam
Poissons ratio, dimensionless sg surface-to-gas
kinetic viscosity, ft2/s (m2/s) SE stack effect

S-4 Steam 41 / Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations

 The Babcock & Wilcox Company

t thermal BFB bubbling fluidized bed

w node point west BFP boiler feed pump
w wall BFW boiler feed water
liquid film surface (gas liquid interface) BGC British Gas Corporation
BH baghouse
bit or
Acronyms and Abbreviations bitum bituminous
AA atomic absorption BLESS Boiler Life Evaluation and Simulation
ABMA American Boiler Manufacturers System
Association BLG black liquor gasification
abs absolute BLRBAC Black Liquor Recovery Boiler Advisory
ABS American Bureau of Shipping Committee
A/C air/cloth BOF basic oxygen furnace
AC alternating current BOL beginning of life
ACF actual cubic feet BOOS burners out of service
ACFM actual cubic feet per minute BPVC Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASME)
ADS air density separator BRC below regulatory concern
AE acoustic emissions BSW bottom sediment and water
AEC Atomic Energy Commission, U.S. Btu British thermal unit
AECL Atomic Energy of Canada Limited BWCC Babcock & Wilcox Construction Co., Inc.
AFBC atmospheric pressure fluidized-bed BWR boiling water reactor
combustion BWST borated water storage tank
AFS atomic fluorescence spectroscopy
AFW auxiliary feedwater C Celsius or centigrade degrees
AGR advanced gas-cooled reactor CAA Clean Air Act, U.S.
AH air heater CAD computer-assisted design/drafting
AIB auxiliary input burner CANDU Canada Deuterium Uranium
AIG ammonia injection grid CAP curved arm primary
AISC American Institute of Steel Construction CBI curved backward inclined
ALARA as low as reasonably achievable CBK carbon burnout kinetic
amb ambient cc cubic centimeter
AMU atomic mass units CC combined cycle
ANSI American National Standards Institute CCZ Controlled Combustion Zone
API American Petroleum Institute CE collecting electrode
approx approximate CEMS continuous emissions monitoring system
ARIS Automated Reactor Inspection System CFB circulating fluidized bed
ARTS Anticipatory Reactor Trip System CFCC continuous fiber ceramic composite
ASD allowable stress design CFD computational fluid dynamics
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers cfm cubic feet per minute
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials CFR Code of Federal Regulations
attemp attemperator CGA crack growth analysis
atm atmosphere CHF critical heat flux
ATOG abnormal transient operating guidelines CHP combined heat and power
avg average CII Construction Industry Institute
AVT all-volatile treatment C.I.S. Confederation of Independent States
AZS air zone swirler cm centimeter
CNC computer numerical control
B/A base-to-acid ratio CNCG concentrated noncondensable gas
B&W The Babcock & Wilcox Company CNSG consolidated nuclear steam generator
BAC boiler as calorimeter COE Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army
BACT best available control technology coef coefficient
BAT best available technology col column
bbl barrel cond condenser
BCC body-centered cubic COG coke oven gas
BCCW boiler chemical cleaning waste cP centipoise
BCM boiler condenser mode CRDM control rod drive mechanism
BCT body-centered tetragonal CVD chemical vapor deposition
BCTMP bleached chemical thermomechanical pulp CWA Clean Water Act

Steam 41 / Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations S-5

 The Babcock & Wilcox Company

d day FBC fluidized-bed combustion

DAF dry ash-free FBR fast breeder reactor
dB decibels FC feedwater control subsystem
DC direct current FC fixed carbon
DC drain cooler FC/VM fixed carbon/volatile matter ratio
DCS distributed control system FCAW flux core arc welding
DCS digital control system FCC face-centered cubic
DE destructive examination FCC fluid catalytic cracking
DE discharge electrode FD forced draft
deg degree FEA finite element analysis
DESAH dual economizer steam air heater FEGT furnace exit gas temperature
DGV sampled dry gas volume FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
DHRS decay heat removal system FES finite element system
DNB departure from nucleate boiling FGD flue gas desulfurization
DNBR DNB ratio FGR flue gas recirculation
DNC distributed numerical control FHyNES furnace hydrogen damage nondestructive
DNCG dilute noncondensable gas examination system
DOD Department of Defense, U.S. FIV flow-induced vibration
DOE Department of Energy, U.S. FMB marine package boilers
DPFAD deformation plasticity failure assessment FMEC failure mode evaluation chart
diagram FOSAR foreign object search and retrieval
DRB dual register burner FPS Fossil Power Systems
DRE destruction and removal efficiency FRP fiberglass reinforced plastic
DSCF(M) dry standard cubic feet (per minute) FS factor of safety
DSCM dry standard cubic meter FSS flame safety system
FST-GAGE Fast-Scanning Thickness Gage
EAR estimated additional resources FSU former Soviet Union
EBW electron beam welding ft foot/feet
EC European Community FT fluid temperature
ECCS emergency core cooling system FURNIS furnace inspection system
ECON economizer FW field weld
ECP electrochemical potential
ECS environmental control systems g gram
ECT eddy current testing Ga gauge
EDC eddy dissipation concept model gal gallon
EDM eddy dissipation combustion model GCR gas-cooled reactor
EDM electrical discharge machining gen generator
EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid GGH gas-to-gas heaters
eff efficiency GJ giga joule
EI enhanced ignition (burner) GMAW gas metal arc welding
EIA Energy Information Administration GPM gallons per minute
EMAT electromagnetic acoustic transducer gr grains
emf electromotive force GR gas recirculation
EMF electromagnetic filter GT gas turbine
EOR enhanced oil recovery GTAW gas tungsten arc welding
EPA Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. GTCC gas turbine combined cycle
EPFM elastic-plastic fracture mechanics
EPRI Electric Power Research Institute h hour
ERW electric resistance welded HAP hazardous air pollutant
ESP electrostatic precipitator HAZ heat-affected zone
ESS enhanced service structure HCGE high capacity gas element
ESW electroslag welding HFRW high frequency resistance welding
EU European Union HFT hot function testing
evap evaporation HGI Hardgrove Grindability Index
HHV higher heating value
F Fahrenheit degrees HLW high level waste
FAC flow accelerated corrosion hp horsepower
FB firebrick HP high pressure (turbine)

S-6 Steam 41 / Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations

 The Babcock & Wilcox Company

HPI high pressure injection l liter

HRSG heat recovery steam generator LAER lowest achievable emission rate
HT hemispherical temperature LAF laboratory ashing furnace
HTM Heat Transfer Manager lb pound
HTW high temperature Winkler LBBA leak before break analysis
HV high volatile lbf pound force
HVOF high-velocity oxy-fuel LBLOCA large break loss of coolant accident
HVT high velocity thermocouple lbm pound mass
HZP hot zero power lb-mole pound-mole
LBW laser beam welding
IAPS International Association for the LEA low excess air
Properties of Steam LEFM linear elastic fracture mechanics
IAWPS International Association of Wood LEL lower explosion limit
Products Societies LFA life fraction analysis
IC Instrument and Controls LFE life fraction expended
IC ion chromatography L/G liquid to gas ratio (FGD)
ICPAES inductive coupled plasma atomic emission LHV lower heating value
spectrometric (analysis) LLW low level waste
ICR Information Collection Request LMP Larson-Miller parameter
ICS integrated control system LMTD log mean temperature difference
ID induced draft LNB low NOx burner
ID inside diameter LNCB low NOx cell burner
ID initial deformation (temperature) LNG liquefied natural gas
IEOTSG integral economizer once-through steam LOCA loss of coolant accident
generator (nuclear) LP low pressure (turbine)
IFGR induced flue gas recirculation LPG liquefied petroleum gas
IGA intergranular attack LPI low pressure injection
IGCC integrated gasification combined cycle LPMS loose parts monitoring system
IGSCC intergranular stress corrosion cracking LSD Lagrangian stochastic deterministic (model)
IMC integrated master control subsystem LVS limited vertical sweep
in. inch LWR light water reactor
in. Hg inches of mercury
in. wg inches water gauge m meter
INPO Institute of Nuclear Power Operations MA mill-annealed
IP intermediate pressure (turbine) MACT maximum achievable control technology
IPP independent power producer MAF moisture and ash free
IR infrared radiation MARAD Maritime Administration, U.S.
IR-CFB internal recirculation circulating MAWP maximum allowable working pressure
fluidized-bed max maximum
ISO International Standards Organization MCR maximum continuous rating
ISP intermediate size particles MD mass defect
IT initial deformation temperature MDC multi-cyclone dust collector
med medium
J joule MeV million electron volts
MFR mass flow rate
K Kelvin degrees MFT master fuel trip
kcal kilocalories mg milligram
kg kilogram MHVT multiple shield high velocity thermocouple
kHz kilohertz mi mile
kJ kilojoule MIC microbial induced corrosion
km kilometer MIG metal inert gas
kmole or min minimum or minute
kg-mole kilogram-mole MIST multiple loop integral systems test
kPa kilopascal MJ megajoule
ksi 1000 pounds per square inch ml milliliter
kV kilovolt MLR multi-lead ribbed
kW kilowatt mm millimeter
kWh kilowatt hour MMP managed maintenance program

Steam 41 / Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations S-7

 The Babcock & Wilcox Company

MMT minimum metal temperature OD outside diameter

mol molecular ODE ordinary differential equations
MOV motor operated valve OEM original equipment manufacturer
mPa millipascal OFA overfire air
MPa megapascal OMLR optimized multi-lead ribbed
mph miles per hour OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting
MRPC motorized rotating pancake coil Countries
MRS monitored retrievable storage OSHA Occupational Safety & Health
MSDS material safety data sheets Administration
MSW municipal solid waste OT oxygen treatment
MT magnetic particle testing OTSG once-through steam generator
MTD mean temperature difference oz ounce
mV millivolt
MV medium volatile Pa pascal
MW megawatt, megawatts-electric PA primary air
MWd megawatt-day PA/PC primary air and pulverized coal mixture
MWt megawatts-thermal PAC powdered activated carbon
S microSiemens PAW plasma arc welding
PAX primary air exchange (burner)
N Newton PC pulverized coal
N2a atmospheric nitrogen PCB polychlorinated biphenyl
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards PCDD polychlorinated dibenzoparadioxin
NAPAP National Acid Precipitation Assessment PCDF polychlorinated dibenzofurans
Program PCFAD computer-based failure analysis diagram
NBIC National Board Inspection Code PDE partial differential equations
NC numerical control PDVSA Petroleos de Venezuela South America
NCG noncondensable gas PFBC pressurized fluidized-bed combustion
NDE nondestructive examination PFI Power for Industry (boiler)
NDTT nil-ductility transition temperature PFM Power for Manufacturing (boiler)
NEI National Emissions Inventory PFT Power for Turbine (boiler)
NFPA National Fire Protection Association pH negative log of hydrogen ion
NIST National Institute of Science & concentration
Technology PHWR pressurized heavy water reactor
Nm3 Normal cubic meter P&ID process and instrumentation diagram
NMVOC nonmethane volatile organic compounds PIP peak impact pressure
NNI non-nuclear instrumentation PM particulate matter
NOTIS nondestructive oxide thickness inspection POHC principal organic hazardous constituent
system PORV power (pilot) operated relief valve
NPD nuclear power demonstration ppb parts per billion (mass)
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination ppm parts per million (mass)
System ppmv parts per million by volume
NPHR net plant heat rate PPS polyphenylene sulfide
NPSH net positive suction head PR process recovery
NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. PRB Powder River Basin
N.S. nuclear ship press. pressure
NSAC Nuclear Safety Analysis Center pri primary
NSCW nuclear service cooling water prox proximate
NSFO Navy special fuel oil PRV pressure reducing valve
NSPS New Source Performance Standards PSD prevention of significant deterioration
NSR New Source Review PSDF Power Systems Development Facility
NSSS nuclear steam supply system PSH primary superheater
NTU net transfer unit psi pounds per square inch (absolute or
NUG nonutility generator difference)
NWMS nuclear waste management system psia pounds per square inch absolute
NWPA Nuclear Waste Policy Act psig pounds per square inch gauge
P/T pressure/temperature
O/G oil and gas PT penetrant testing (liquid/dye)
OBW oversize bulky waste PTC Performance Test Code

S-8 Steam 41 / Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations

 The Babcock & Wilcox Company

PUC Public Utilities Commission SG steam generator

pulv pulverizer SGTR steam generator tube rupture
PURPA Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act SH superheater
PVC polyvinyl chloride SI international system of units
PWHT post weld heat treatment SIP state implementation plan
PWR pressurized water reactor SLR single-lead ribbed
PWSCC primary water stress corrosion cracking SMAW shielded metal arc welding
SMD Sauter mean diameter
R Rankine degrees SNAME Society of Naval Architects and Marine
R&D research and development Engineers
rad radian SNCR selective non-catalytic reduction
RAR reasonably assured resources SNG synthetic natural gas
RB Radiant boiler SOG stripper off gas
RBC Radiant boiler Carolina-type SPB Stirling power boiler
RBE Radiant boiler El Paso-type sp gr specific gravity
RBT Radiant boiler Tower-type SR stoichiometric ratio
RBW Radiant boiler W-type SS stainless steel
RC reactor coolant S.S. steam ship
RCM reliability centered maintenance SSH secondary superheater
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ST softening temperature
RCS reactor coolant system subbitum subbituminous
RDF refuse-derived fuel SUS Saybolt Universal Seconds
recirc recirculation SWUP spiral wound Universal Pressure (boiler)
red. reducing atmosphere
rem roentgen equivalent man t ton (English units)
rev revolutions tm metric ton
RH reheater T250 viscosity at 250 centipoise
RHAS radiant heat absorbing surface TBS turbine bypass system
RHSH reheat superheater TC thermocouple
RH-TRU remote handled transuranic waste TD terminal temperature difference
RO reverse osmosis TDF tire-derived fuel
ROTSG replacement once-through steam TDFM time dependent fracture mechanics
generator TDS total dissolved solids
rpm revolutions per minute TEG turbine exhaust gas
RPS reactor protection system temp temperature
RRSG replacement recirculating steam generator theo theoretical
RSG recirculating steam generator TIG tungsten inert gas
RT radiography testing thk thick
RVCH reactor vessel closure head TLD thermoluminescent dosimeter
RWP radiation work permit TOC total organic carbon
TOFD time of flight defraction
s second(s) TR set transformer rectifier set
SA secondary air TRC total residual chlorine
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers TRS total reduced sulfur
sat. saturated TRU transuranic
SAW submerged arc welding TS tensile strength
SBLOCA small break loss of coolant accident TSC two-stage combustion
SBW steam by weight TSP total suspended particulate
SCC stress corrosion cracking TSP tube support plates
SCC submerged chain conveyor TSS total suspended solids
SCFM standard cubic feet per minute TSV turbine stop valve
SCR selective catalytic reduction TTT time-temperature-transformation
SD stack draft TTV turbine throttle valve
SDA spray dryer absorber typ typical
SE stack effect
sec second(s) UBC Uniform Building Code
SFAS safety features actuation system UBC unburned carbon
SFS Saybolt Furol Seconds UBCL unburned carbon loss

Steam 41 / Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations S-9

 The Babcock & Wilcox Company

UCL unburned carbon loss VM volatile matter

UEL upper explosion limit VOC volatile organic compounds
UGA undergrate air vol volume
UIC uncompensated ion chamber counter vs versus
U.K. United Kingdom VSS vertical steam separator
ULD unit load demand subsystem
UP Universal Pressure (boiler) W watt
UPC Universal Pressure Carolina-type (boiler) WCT water collecting tank
UPC Universal Pressure coal-fired (boiler) WESP wet electrostatic precipitator
U.S. United States WFGD wet flue gas desulfurization
USCG United States Coast Guard wg water gauge
USD United States dollar WHRB waste heat recovery boiler
U.S.S. United States ship WPS welding procedure specifications
UT ultrasonic testing WRC Welding Research Council
UTT ultrasonic thickness testing wt weight
UV ultraviolet WTE waste-to-energy boiler

V volts YP yield point

VAC volts alternating current yr year
VIV variable inlet vanes YS yield strength

S-10 Steam 41 / Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations