Network Analysis

BPB 21103
Sem 1 2009

Group : L03

Engr. Mohd Fairuz bin Abdul Hamid, MIEM

 REVISION
Things you should know
Things you have learned in BPB11103
Things I EXPECT you to know !

v
1 Ohms law: v i =R
i
Short circuit : R = 0 , v = 0
Open circuit : R = , i = 0
2 Terminology used when describing
a circuit or a network.

Branches ?
Nodes ?
Loops ?
Meshes ?

Series connections ?
Parallel connections ?
3 Kirchhoffs Laws

Kirchhoffs current law Kirchhoffs voltage law

KCL KVL
in = 0 vm = 0
4 Voltage division and current division
rules

By inspection,
4 Voltage division and current division
rules
By inspection,

i3 = ?
5 Y ( Star-delta transfomation)

When do we use this transformation?

Use it ONLY when necessary

6 Methods of circuit analysis :
Nodal analysis and mesh analysis

We will be using this MOST of the time

a) Nodal Analysis

Select reference node, assign other

nodes with voltages

Apply KCL for every non-reference node

When will we find Supernode ?

Solve simultaneous equations

Nodal Analysis
The Node Voltage Method
1:
2:
3:
4:
 Obtain v1 and V2 by using Nodal analysis
5: method.
Nodal Analysis With Voltage Sources
A supernode is formed by enclosing a
(dependent or independent) voltage
source connected between two
nonreference nodes and any elements
connected in parallel with it

Supernode
(1)

.(2)
.(3)
(1)
 (2)

Substitute eqn (2) into eqn (1)

(3)
Substitute eqn (3) into eqn (2)
6 Methods of circuit analysis :
Nodal analysis and mesh analysis
We will be using this MOST of the time

b) Mesh Analysis

Assign mesh currents

When will we find Supermesh ?

Apply KVL to the meshes

Solve simultaneous equations

 Loop (Mesh) Analysis

Loop analysis is developed by applying

KVL around loops in the circuit.

Loop (mesh) analysis results in a system

of linear equations which must be solved
for unknown currents.
 Example (a)

Step 1 : Identifying the Meshes

1k 1k

1k
V1 + +
Mesh 1 Mesh 2 V2

Step 2 : Assigning Mesh Currents
1k 1k

1k
V1 + +
I1 I2 V2

Voltages from Mesh Currents
+ VR
+ VR I2
R R

I1 I1

VR = I1 R VR = (I1 - I2 ) R
 KVL Around Mesh 1
1k 1k

1k
V1 + +
I1 I2 V2

-V1 + (1k) I1 + (1k) (I1 - I2) = 0

(1k) I1 + (1k) (I1 - I2) = V1
 KVL Around Mesh 2
1k 1k

1k
V1 + +
I1 I2 V2

(1k)(I2 - I1) + (1k) I2 + V2 = 0

(1k)(I2 - I1) + (1k) I2 = -V2
 Matrix Notation
The two equations can be combined into a
single matrix/vector equation.

2000 1000 I1 V1
1000 2000 I = V
2 2
 Solving the Equations
Let: V1 = 7V and V2 = 4V
Results:
I1 = 3.33 mA
I2 = -0.33 mA
Finally
Vout = (I1 - I2) 1k = 3.66V
6: Using mesh analysis,
obtain v0 in the circuit
7:
Mesh Analysis with Current Source
A supermesh results when two meshes
have a (dependent or independent)
current source in common
 Example (b)
2k

2mA
1k

+
12V 2k 4mA

I0
Step 1 : Identify Meshes
2k

2mA Mesh 3
1k

+ 2k
12V Mesh 1 Mesh 2 4mA

I0
Step 2 : Assign Mesh Currents
2k

2mA I3
1k

+ 2k
12V I1 I2 4mA

I0
 Current Sources
The current sources in this circuit will have
whatever voltage is necessary to make the
current correct.

We cant use KVL around the loop

because we dont know the voltage.

What to do?
 Current Sources
The 4mA current source sets I2:
I2 = -4 mA

The 2mA current source sets a constraint

on I1 and I3:
I1 - I3 = 2 mA

We have two equations and three

unknowns. Where is the third equation?
 The
2k Supermesh
The does not
Supermesh 2mA I3 include this
surrounds 1k source!
this source!
+ 2k
12V I1 I2 4mA

I0
 KVL Around the Supermesh
-12 + (2k) I3 + (1k) (I3 - I2) + (2k) (I1 - I2) = 0

(2k) I3 + (1k) (I3 - I2) + (2k) (I1 - I2) = 12

2k

2mA I3
1k

+ 2k
12V I1 I2 4mA

I0
 Matrix Notation
The three equations can be combined into
a single matrix/vector equation.

0 1 0 I1 4mA
1 0 1
I 2 = 2mA

2k 1k 2k 2k + 1k I 3 12V
 Solution
I1 = 1.2 mA
I2 = -4 mA
I3 = -0.8 mA

I0 = I1 - I2 = 5.2 mA
Use mesh analysis to determine i1, i2 and i3
Tutorial : Apply mesh analysis to the circuit in
Figure 1, and obtain:
i- I0
ii- Voltage dropped in 3
iii- Power dissipated in 3
 (1)

(2)

(3)
Substitute eqn (3) into eqn (1) & (2)
(4)
(5)
Homework/Quiz
 (1)
(2)

(3)
 (4)

Substitute eqn (2) into eqn (1)

(5)

Substitute eqn (2) into eqn (3)

(6)
Homework/Quiz