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The steam generators or boilers are integral components of steam turbines which are used as prime
movers to drive generators to produce electricity in all thermal and nuclear power plants.
These are used in the industry for example in heating systems or for cement production, textiles.
These are used to produce distilled water for medicines, pharmaceuticals and other usage.
The boilers are used in cold countries for heating large buildings, in agriculture as well for soil steaming.
Components of a steam generator (Boiler)
Boiler classification:
1. Tube content: (i) Fire tube boiler and (ii) water tube boiler
2. Axis of shell: (i) Horizontal, (ii) vertical, (iii) inclined
3. Location of furnace: (i) Externally fired, (ii) internally fired
4. Method of circulation: (i) Natural, (ii) forced
5. Mobility: (i) Stationary, (ii) portable
6. Usage: (i) Packaged, (ii) unpackaged
7. Pressure: (i) High, (ii) low
8. Tubes: (i) Single-tube, (ii) Multi-tube
How a Fire Tube Boiler works:
Small parallel tubes contain water connected to drum with the header
1. Flow of hot gases and Gases in tubes surrounded by Water in tubes and gases flow
water water outside outside
Boiler Efficiency :
Boiler efficiency is the ratio of the quantity of heat utilized actually by the water and steam to
the quantity of heat supplied, i.e.,
Boiler efficiency = Heat actually absorbed by the water and steam / quantity of heat supplied
Boiler Capacity:
Boiler capacity is defined as the amount of steam a particular boiler can supply per hour
usually expressed in kg (of steam)/hr or tons/day.
Boiler Pressure:
The designated operating pressure of a boiler at which it can safely deliver the steam at
its rated capacity.
Boiler mountings and accessories: