Top Science: Teacher'S Resource Book

Top Science 5 PRIMARY
TEACHERS
RESOURCE BOOK
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Introduction
Top Science 5 Teachers Resource Book provides a range of materials
designed to complement the Students Book and the Teachers Book.
These materials contribute to the flexible nature of Top Science: students
in the same class can be given worksheets at different levels, or weaker
students can complete the tasks with stronger peers. Teachers with more
contact hours can make use of these photocopiable materials
as and when they need them.
There are three categories of worksheets: reinforcement, extension,
and assessment. Use them for revision purposes, for extension
practice, as progress tests, assessment, or for homework.
The worksheets can be photocopied and filed in a folder.
Reinforcement and extension worksheets
There are forty-two reinforcement worksheets. These materials

constitute a flexible tool: they can be worked on after the relevant
section in the Students Book, before the Activities sections, or as extra
preparation for the unit assessment. The answer keys are provided.
There are fifteen double-page extension worksheets, one for each unit
of the Students Book. These worksheets can be used for fast
finishers or to extend class work. Depending on their level, students
can complete the worksheets with or without consulting their Students
Book or other sources. The answer keys are provided.
12 The Earths crust ReinfoRcement 5 Star gazing EXTENSION
Name Date Name Date
Scorpions and dragons, princesses and hunters,

chariots and arrows... If you look up at the sky on
Remember a clear night, from a place without pollution, you
The Earths crust is made up of rocks. Over time, these rocks wear down and break apart. will see hundreds of stars that form outlines of
Soil is made up of the remains of rocks and of living things. interesting shapes.
The Earths crust is continually changing because of erosion, transport and deposition, These groups of stars are constellations. And of
andsedimentation. all the constellations, there is one that is easily
recognised by everyone: the Big Dipper, also known
as Ursa Major or the Big Bear.
The Big Dipper is located in the northern
1 Match. hemisphere. It is made up of seven stars. Three
of these stars seem to form the handle and four
appear to form the bowl of a dipper, another name
URSA MINOR
for a ladle or scoop. URSA MAJOR
The star at the end of the handle of the Little
Dipper is the North Star, also known as Polaris or
The rock breaks apart. Water enters cracks in the rock When water freezes, the Pole Star. Another way to find the North Star is
and freezes. it expands. to draw a line through the last two stars of the bowl
of the Big Dipper. This line will point to the North
Now, explain how water causes rocks to break down. Star.
Close by is the constellation of Cepheus, which represents the legendary king of Ethiopia, Cefeo.
Beyond Cepheus you can see Cassiopeia, which will look like an M or W, depending on the season.
Winter is the best time of year to see the constellations Orion, the hunter, and Canis Major, the dog
which followed Orion.
In total, there are 88 constellations.
2 Number these processes in the correct order. 1 Read and answer.
Wind carries the eroded material. Wind and water erode a mountain. What is a constellation?
The material settles at the foot of another mountain.
3 Write an example for each case.

What constellation does the Pole Star belong to? In what hemisphere is it?
Rivers and streams Wind Seawater
Erosion
Transport
What constellation has the shape of a hunter and his dog?
Sedimentation
20 Top Science 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L. 60 Top Science 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L.
II
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Diagnostic tests
There are six double-page diagnostic tests. They are to be completed

at the start of the school year to give an indication of the students
basic level of Science and English. The answer keys are provided.
6 History DIAGNOSTIC TEST

6
Name Date
5 Number in order from the oldest to the most recent.
1 Look at the picture. Circle five errors.

Why are they errors?
2 Match.
Millenium Decade Century

6 Complete the chart.
10 years 1,000 years 100 years
Many thousands
2,000 years ago 1,000 years ago
of years ago
Write the century.
People lived in
69 1115 1789
People travelled in/on
203 1456 1894
Historical remains:
3 What is a timeline?
7 Look at the picture. What period in history does it represent? Explain.
4 Make your own timeline.
20 I was born
8 Write one example for each.
An important monument in your Autonomous Community or City:
A famous historic person from your Autonomous Community or City:
102 Top Science 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L. Top Science 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L. 103
Individual results chart
The individual results chart indicates areas in which a student has

achieved acceptable competence and highlights areas which require
additional practice.
Individual results chart IndIvIduAL RESuLTS CHART
name date
Yes NP* Comments Yes NP* Comments

The human body and health Matter, energy and machines
Identify the function of bones, muscles describe the properties of mass, matter
and joints. and volume.
understand a diagram of the human body. Identify examples of physical and
Identify the organs of the digestive, chemical changes.
respiratory and circulatory systems.
Recognise the physical properties of
Explain how the brain allows us to see. some materials.
Recognise the components of the Identify types of energy sources.
digestive system.
differentiate renewable from
Identify healthy habits.
non-renewable sources of energy.
Recognise what makes up a healthy diet
describe white light and know the primary
Identify the four main stages of life colours of light.
Living things differentiate between simple and
compound machines.
Identify and describe life processes.
Identify the parts of a flower. Population, economy and maps
understand how plants make food. differentiate between municipalities,

comarcas, etc.
differentiate invertebrates from
vertebrates. differentiate natural growth from
migratory growth.
name the main characteristics of
vertebrates Recognise the responsibilities of political
organisations.
Recognise molluscs, arthropods, jellyfish
and earthworms. distinguish between the three main
Identify the parts of an insect. economic sectors.
Know how to use the points of a compass
Protecting the environment to find directions.
describe the Earths orbit and name the
Interpret scales on maps.
four phases of the Moon.
Identify the processes involved in the Time and space
changes of state of water.
Relate historic remains to different
describe the water cycle. periods in history.
Identify rocks and minerals. Relate people and inventions to their time
describe the components of soil. in history.
Identify producers and consumers.
Identify features of landscapes.
NP: needs practice.
III
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Assessment worksheets
There is a double-page unit assessment worksheet and one multiple-
choice test for each unit. In addition, there are three double-page
term assessments and three term tests. There is one double-page
final assessment and a three-page final test.
1 Living things ASSESSmEnt

1
6 Match.
Name Date
tissue a group of similar cells
1 Answer the questions. organism a group of similar tissues

What is a cell?
system a group of similar organs
Why do we call cells living things? organ a group of various systems
7 Why are bacteria called microbes? Write two examples for each.
2 Label the parts of a cell.
Helpful bacteria:
Harmful bacteria:
8 Write the name of the kingdom.
3 How are plant cells different from animal cells? Explain.
They depend on other organisms for food. They are fixed to something; they cannot move by themselves.
4 Answer the questions. They eat other living things and can move from one place to another.
Where are unicellular living things found?

They use sunlight and substances from the soil and air to make their own food.
How can we see unicellular living things?

The smallest and most abundant of all living things.
5 Write in order from the simplest to the most complex.

9 Answer the questions.
system organ cell organism tissue Why are viruses not included in any of the five kingdoms?

What kingdom do algae belong to?
Term assessment worksheets

Activities include labelling illustrations and diagrams, filling in the blanks,
matching, True/False, wordsearches, and many more activities.
1 TERM ASSESSMENT
1
6 Write the name of a living thing for each example.

Name Date
Producer
Primary consumer
1 What animal kingdom does each living thing belong to?
Secondary consumer
They do not make their own food. They cannot move by themselves.
They depend on other organisms for food. They can move by themselves.
7 Write the name of the Earths layers.
They are unicellular. They can live inside other living things.
The outer layer of the Earth. It is solid and made up of rocks.
The layer of the atmosphere which is essential to life on Earth.

2 Match.
All the water on Earth, which can be solid, liquid or gas.
A group of similar cells an organ

A group of various systems a tissue

Types of rock How it is formed Examples
A group of similar organs an organism

A group of similar tissues a system

3 Complete the diagram.

Plants
Flowering plants
9 Complete the sentences.
The is the closest star to the Earth.
A is a group of stars that seems to form a pattern in the sky.
4 What do plants need to carry out photosynthesis? What do plants give off during photosynthesis? The are large, sphere-shaped bodies which travel around the Sun in an orbit.
are giant balls of ice which orbit the Sun in a long, elliptical path.
Our is called the Milky Way.
5 Define the words. 10 Write the names of the planets.
Ecosystem
Inner planets
Parasite
Biosphere
Outer planets
IV
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Unit test worksheets
All the unit tests have ten multiple-choice questions. These worksheets
test the basic concepts of the unit. These can be completed after the
unit assesment worksheets, or used as quick revision activities.
The Earth TEST 4
Name Date
Circle the correct option.
1. The inner layer of the geosphere is 7. In a volcano, magma goes up through a

a. the crust. vent called
b. the mantle. a. the magma chamber.
c. the core. b. the volcanic cone.
c. the volcanic chimney.
2. The removal of soil and rock material by
water, wind or ice is 8. The remains of living things found in
a. erosion. sedimentary rocks are
b. transport. a. fossils.
c. sedimentation. b. coal.
c. petroleum.
3. The energy in the interior of the Earth
produces 9. The ozone layer is found in
a. transport and sedimentation of rock a. the troposphere.
material. b. the stratosphere.
b. the rock cycle. c. the geosphere.
c. earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
10. Sand settling on the bottom of oceans
4. Basalt is an igneous rock formed by is an example of
a. the atmosphere. a. erosion.
b. volcanoes. b. transport.
c. wind erosion. c. sedimentation.
5. The layer closest to the Earths surface is

a. the hydrosphere.
b. the stratosphere.
c. the troposphere.
6. The three components of soil are

a. solid, liquid and gas.
b. erosion, transport and deposition.
c. igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic.
Top Science 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L. 143
Other resources
Top Science 5 Activity Book
The Activity Book is designed to provide further practice for both the
content and the language objectives of the course. It contains full-colour
illustrations and diagrams, and a range of graded activities to reinforce
the course content and to encourage learner autonomy. There are three
or four double pages per unit.
At the end of the Activity Book,

thereTop
areScience 5
two Lets do it! and two Top Science 5 PRIMARY
Activity Book
ISBN 978-84-680-0195-1
PRIMARY
9 788468 00195 1
STUDENTS MATERIAL
Read and do! pages per term.

Top Science 5 PRIMARY Top Science 5 PRIMARY
Activity Book
In addition, there are instructions

for students to play a Scientists
Students Book Activity Book
of the year quiz.

TEACHERS MATERIAL
Top Science 5 PRIMARY Top Science 5 PRIMARY
Teachers Resource Book
Teachers Book
Class Audio CD
Teachers Book Teachers Resource Book
DIGITAL MATERIAL ALSO AVAILABLE

Digital Flashcards, Posters Science Posters
and Web bank Science Tasks Booklet
Teachers Resources Language Companion CD-ROM
and Maps
i-book
Interactive Whiteboard
Activities
www.richmondelt.com www.santillana.es
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Digital resources
i-solutions Top Science 5 PRIMARY
T o p Scien ce i-s o lutio n s
i-solutions
8 431300 120 600

Top Science 5 offers 4 CDs designed to bring digital
Top Science i-solutions is a box set containing four
CDs which offer digital components for the CLIL
Science classroom.
Top Science i-solutions has these components:
CD 1 Digital ashcards
resources to the classroom. These CDs provide materials

Digital posters
Web bank
CD 2 Teachers Resources and Maps
CD 3 i-book
CD 4 Interactive Whiteboard Activities
for interactive whiteboard presentations and practice,

Minimum requirements and instructions:
See readmetxt le in each CD.
5
PRIMARY
hands-on experiments and computer work for students.
CD 1
www.richmondelt.com www.santillana. es
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The flashcard bank has over 200 images which can be

projected onto an interactive whiteboard or printed and
used as conventional flashcards. Each image offers the
option of listening to the audio and viewing the written Top Science 5 PRIMARY
CD 1
CD 2
word.
8 431300 129 474

The digital posters can be printed when required. Digital Flashcards
Digital Posters
Web Bank
The Web bank includes some of the best, free web 2

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.L.
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ng - Santillana Edu
links for teaching Science, Geography and History.

These links provide access to valuable resources 318536_CD.indd 1 11/07/11 18:46
to help with lesson planning as well as ways to

personalise classes and cater to students need.
CD 2
CD 2
CD 2
Teachers Resource Book and Maps
8 4313 00 120 587

Teachers Resources
and Maps
This CD contains the digital version of the Teachers

Resource Book in PDF format. The worksheets can be 2
011
Rich
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Pub lishing - Santillana Educ
acin
, S.L.
printed for individual use, or projected onto an interactive

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whiteboard for group activities. In addition, this CD

provides blank and completed physical and political maps
of the world, Europe and Spain.
CD 3
CD 2
CD 3
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i-book i-book
The i-book provides the core course material of the

Teachers Book and the Students Book in interactive 305619_CD.indd 1 18/01/11 12:36
format. It can be used in the classroom or for class

planning.
CD 4
CD 4
Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) Activities

There are five interactive activities per unit on this CD.
8 431300 120 570
IWB Activities
These can be used to help reinforce the main concepts

ofeach unit in a different and fun way.
2
0110
Rich .L.
mond n, S
caccii
ng - Santillana Edu
Publishiin
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Contents
Worksheets
REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
EXTENSION WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS
Diagnostic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Individual results chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Unit assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Unit tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Term assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Term tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Final assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Final test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Answer keys
REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
EXTENSION WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS
Diagnostic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Unit assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Term assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
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Reinforcement worksheets
1 Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 22 Movement and speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2 Tissues, organs, systems and organisms . . . . 10 23 Gravity and movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3 Bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa . . . . . . . . 11 24 The Inner Plateau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4 Plant classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 25 Mountains and river basins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5 Photosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 26 The Spanish coasts and islands . . . . . . . . . . 34
6 Sexual reproduction in plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 27 The climates of Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7 Asexual reproduction in plants . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 28 The Mediterranean climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
8 Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 29 Oceanic, subtropical and mountain climates . . 37
9 Nutrition in ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 30 Rivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
10 Protecting the environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 31 The watersheds of Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
11 The Earths layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 32 The population of Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
12 The Earths crust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 33 Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
13 Rocks on the Earths crust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 34 The territorial organisation of Spain . . . . . . . . 42
14 Volcanoes and earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 35 The political institutions of Spain . . . . . . . . . . 43
15 The Solar System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 36 Prehistory: the Palaeolithic Age . . . . . . . . . . . 44
16 The Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 37 The Neolithic Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
17 Space exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 38 The Metal Ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
18 Matter and its properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 39 The Iberians, Celts and the first colonists . . . . 47
19 Pure substances and mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 40 Roman Hispania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
20 Chemical changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 41 The beginning of the Middle Ages . . . . . . . . . . 49
21 Changes of state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 42 Life in the Christian Kingdoms . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
ANSWER KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
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1 Cells Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are like tiny sacks full of liquid. They have three main parts: the membrane, the nucleus
and the cytoplasm.
Cells are living things. They carry out the life processes of nutrition, reproduction and
sensitivity.
1 Label the parts of the cell.
2 Read the definitions and write the part of the cell.
This part controls the function of the cell:
This part contains lots of organelles that carry out different functions:
This part surrounds the cell and separates it from the outside:
3 Write animal cell or plant cell. Then, complete the sentences.
Animal and plant cells are different. Animal cells can be
Plant cells are
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2 Tissues, organs, systems
and organisms
Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Multicellular living things are made up of many different types of cells.
Similar cells that carry out a common function are grouped together to form a tissue.
Tissues are organised to form organs. Organs are made up of a group of tissues
that work together to carry out a common function.
Organs form systems which work together to carry out a common function.
When all the systems work together, they form an organism, which is a complete
living thing.
1 Write in order from the least complex to the most complex.
system cell organism organ tissue

1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
2 Write two examples for each.
Tissues
Organs
Systems
3 What is an organism?
are multicellular living things that eat other living things.
are multicellular living things that make their own food.
10 Top Science 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L.
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3 Bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Fungi can be unicellular, but most are multicellular. They cannot move by themselves.
They do not make their own food. Like animals, they depend on other organisms for food.
Bacteria are unicellular. They are the smallest living things.
Algae and protozoa belong to the fifth kingdom of living things. They can be unicellular
or multicellular.
1 Write the names of the five kingdoms of living things.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
How can some bacteria be helpful?
Why are fungi fixed to other things?
protozoa unicellular bacteria multicellular microbes

are a kingdom of living things. They are called because
they can only be seen through a microscope. They are .
Algae and belong to the fifth kingdom of living things.
They can be unicellular or .
4 Write T (true) or F (false).
All fungi produce mushrooms. Algae belong to the fungi kingdom.

All bacteria are multicellular.
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4 Plant classification Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Plants can be classified into two main groups: non-flowering and flowering.
Non-flowering plants do not produce flowers, seeds or fruit. They reproduce with spores. There
are two main groups of non-flowering plants: mosses and ferns.
Flowering plants produce flowers and seeds in order to reproduce. There are two main groups:
gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms do not produce fruit. The seeds are grouped
together in cones. Angiosperms produce fruit with seeds inside.
non-flowering plants
Plants can be
classified as
2 Write angiosperm or gymnosperm.

A B C D
non-flowering leaves mosses spores plants ferns

and are the two main groups of
plants. are special cells that germinate and grow into new
. Mosses absorb water through their stems and .
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5 Photosynthesis Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Photosynthesis is a complex chemical process. It enables plants to manufacture food from
water, mineral salts, carbon dioxide and sunlight.
Chlorophyll is a green substance which traps sunlight. It is found in special organelles called
chloroplasts inside plant cells.
Plants release oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis.
1 Label the parts of a plant.
stomata
sunlight
root hairs
carbon dioxide
xylem vessels
What time of day does the process of photosynthesis take place?
How do mineral salts enter plants?
What is chlorophyll?
3 Match.
phloem vessels raw sap

xylem vessels elaborated sap

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6 Sexual reproduction in plants Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants. They have male parts and female parts.
Stamens are the male parts of the flower. Pollen is produced in the anther. The pistil is the
female part. It contains the ovary, which contains ovules. Ovules become seeds.
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the ovary within the same plant or
between plants of the same type. After pollination, seeds and fruit begin to grow.
1 Label the parts of the flower.
2 Write T (true) or F (false). Then, write the correct sentences.
Plants that use wind pollination produce very small quantities of pollen.
The stamen and pistil are protected by the corolla and the calyx.
Plants that use insect pollination have small, unattractive flowers.
3 Explain how each plant carries out reproduction.
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7 Asexual reproduction in plants Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Many plants can reproduce without flowers or seeds. This is called asexual reproduction. These
plants use parts of themselves to reproduce.
Tubers are subterranean stems. Part of the stem grows above the ground and develops
leaves. Part grows underground and develops roots.
Rhizomes are specialised stems. They extend horizontally below the ground.
Stolons are specialised stems which extend horizontally above the ground from the mother plant.
1 Match and explain how the stems grow.
1 Stolon
2 Rhizome
3 Tuber
How does a cutting produce a new plant?
How does grafting produce a new plant?
3 What types of asexual reproduction in plants are useful in agriculture?
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8 Ecosystems Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
An ecosystem is made up of a community of living things in a physical environment.
Living things in an ecosystem interact with each other and with their environment.
The environment determines the types of living things found in an ecosystem. In turn, living
things can modify their environment.
An ecosystem is made up of a and a community of .
Living things in an ecosystem interact with each other and with their .
Living things can their environment.
2 Look at the picture and answer the questions.
What elements make up this ecosystem?
What living things inhabit this ecosystem?
Could a giraffe live in this ecosystem? Explain.
How do living things modify this environment?
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9 Nutrition in ecosystems Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
In ecosystems, living things eat other living things.
Plants are producers. They make their own food.
Consumers are living things that eat other living things. There are three types
ofconsumers: primary, secondary and tertiary.
Food chains and food webs show how plants and animals in an ecosystem are connected
toone another by their food relationships.
1 Number the living things in this food chain in order.
Now, write producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer and tertiary consumer.
2 Write two examples for each type of consumer.
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumer
species webs food chains

Many different can exist in an ecosystem,
and one can appear in various food chains. Thats why
food are the best way to show food relationships in ecosystems.
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10 Protecting the environment Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Our environment consists of everything that affects our lives: atmosphere, water, soil, climate
and other living things.
Human activity has a negative affect on the environment and the worlds ecosystems.
Environmental problems caused by people include global warming, pollution, deforestation
and loss of biodiversity.
1 Write six factors that make up our environment.

1. 4.
2. 5.
3. 5.
2 Write a sentence about environmental problems using each pair of words.
farmland deforestation
hunting loss of biodiversity
3 What human activities in the picture modify the environment?
4 Explain why the loss of an animal or plant species in an ecosystem is a serious problem.
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11 The Earths layers Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The Earth is made up of a series of layers.
The geosphere is the solid part of the Earth.
It has three concentric layers: the crust, the mantle and the core.
The hydrosphere is all the water on Earth. This water can be solid, liquid or gas.
The atmosphere is the layer of air which surrounds the Earth.
It is divided into layers. The troposphere is the layer closest to the Earths surface. The
stratosphere is the layer above the troposphere.
core atmosphere mantle geosphere hydrosphere

crust troposphere stratosphere

Z
]
Z ]
] ]
] [
[ ]
] ]
] ]
\ \
2 Which layer of the Earth does each thing belong to?
The water in a river.
The rocks in a mountain.
The air we breathe.
3 What part of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer? How does ozone protect the Earth?
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 19 27/10/11 15:20

12 The Earths crust Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The Earths crust is made up of rocks. Over time, these rocks wear down and break apart.
Soil is made up of the remains of rocks and of living things.
The Earths crust is constantly changing because of erosion, transport and deposition
andsedimentation.
1 Match.
1 2 3
The rock breaks apart. Water enters cracks in When water freezes,
the rock and freezes. it expands.
Now, explain how water causes rocks to break down.
2 Number these processes in the correct order.

Wind carries the eroded material. Wind and water erode a mountain.
The material settles at the foot of another mountain.
3 Copy the chart and write an example for each case.
Rivers and streams Wind Sea water
Erosion
Transport
Sedimentation
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 20 27/10/11 15:20

13 Rocks on the Earths crust Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Rocks can be classified into three types, depending on how they are formed.
Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies.
Sedimentary rocks are formed from pieces of other rocks or pieces of living things. In this
type of rocks, fossils can be found.
Metamorphic rocks are formed when heat or pressure changes the original rocks.
Metamorphic means change.

ROCKS
Igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks Metamorphic rocks
are formed when are formed from are formed when

for example for example for example

basalt gypsum marble

Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies.

Metamorphic means pressure.
Fossils are the remains of living things that are transformed into rocks.
Rocks can change into another type of rock over thousands or millions of years.
Petroleum is a solid rock.
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 21 27/10/11 15:20

14 Volcanoes and earthquakes Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
There is an enormous amount of energy in the interior of the Earth. This energy can produce
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Earthquakes are strong movements of the Earths crust caused by the sudden release of
energy from beneath the surface.
Volcanoes are openings in the Earths crust where magma comes to the surface.
There is an enormous amount of in the interior of the Earth.
When it is released, it can cause earthquakes and volcanic .
are strong movements of the Earths . Volcanoes are
openings in the Earths where comes to the surface.
2 Label the parts of a volcano.
Read the definitions and write the words.
Magma rises through this circular opening in the Earths crust.
A vent which magma goes up through.
Magma when it comes to the Earths surface.
An accumulation of rock fragments and ash around a crater.
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 22 27/10/11 15:20

15 The Solar System Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The Solar System consists of the Sun, the eight planets that orbit the Sun, their satellites,
dwarf planets, asteroids and comets.
1 Read the definitions and write the words.
The Sun and all the celestial bodies that surround it.
Large, sphere-shaped bodies that orbit the Sun.
Small, rocky objects that orbit the Sun.
Giant balls of ice that orbit the Sun in a long, elliptical path.
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
inner planets outer planets dwarf planet

3 Find and circle the two errors. Then, write the correct texts.
Shooting stars are bodies

that are too large to burn up

completely, sothey crash into
the Earth.
Meteorites are small celestial

bodies the size of dust
particles. They burn up as they
enter the Earths atmosphere.

189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 23 27/10/11 15:20

16 The Universe Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Stars are giant spheres of gas. In their interior, they produce an enormous amount of energy.
This energy gives off light and heat.
A constellation is a group of stars that forms a pattern in the sky.
A galaxy is a collection of thousands or millions of stars. Galaxies also contain rocks and
gases. Our Solar System belongs to a spiral galaxy called the Milky Way.
THE SUN
Colour Size Luminosity Brightness

A is a collection of thousands or millions of stars. Galaxies also contain
rocks and gases. They have different shapes: ,
or .
Our Solar System belongs to a spiral galaxy called the .
3 Explain the differences between a constellation and a galaxy.

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17 Space exploration Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Space exploration began in the 1950s.
These are the most important events:
1957. The Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1.
1961. Soviet astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel into outer space.
1969. Neil Armstrong became the first human being to set foot on the Moon.
1 Complete the crossword puzzle.

6

8

1
7

3
2
4
1. The spacecraft that landed on the Moon in 1969 (two words).

2. The first artificial satellite, launched into space by the Soviet Union in 1957.
3. The surname of the first human to see the planet Earth from outer space.
4. The unmanned exploration vehicle Spirit landed on this red planet.
5. Artificial satellites are launched into space using
6. Unmanned spaceships designed to explore the far reaches of the Universe (two words).
7. Space vehicles that can take off and land like aeroplanes. (Space...)
8. The name of the first astronaut to walk on the Moon (two words).
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18 Matter and its properties Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Everything in the Universe is made up of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles, called
atoms.
Matter has two types of properties:
General properties are common to all matter. Examples are mass, volume and
temperature.
Specific properties vary from one substance to another. They enable us to distinguish one
substance from another. Examples are colour, hardness and density.
1 Write mass, volume or density.
is the relationship between the mass and the volume of an object.
is the amount of matter in an object.
is the amount of space an object occupies.
and are general properties of matter.
is a specific property of matter.
MATTER
properties properties

density
is measured in
litres or millilitres
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 26 27/10/11 15:20

19 Pure substances and mixtures Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Pure substances consist of just one type of matter. Mixtures consist of two or more pure substances.
Mixtures can be:
Heterogeneous: you can see the different components.
Homogeneous: you cannot see the different components.
Different methods can be used to separate mixtures of substances, for example: filtration,
decantation, magnetic separation or evaporation.
1 Correct these false sentences.

Mixtures consist of one pure substance. Alloys are a type of heterogeneous mixture.
Pure substances are homogeneous mixtures.
2 How would you separate the different substances in these mixtures? Choose the best answer. Explain.
Water and sawdust
filtration decantation evaporation
because

Oil and water
because

Water and salt
because
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 27 27/10/11 15:20

20 Chemical changes Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
A chemical change, or chemical reaction, occurs when a substance changes into one or more
other substances. Chemical reactions include oxidation, combustion, photosynthesis and cellular
respiration.
1 What is a chemical change? Write an example.
1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
What happens to the ice cubes?

Can water change into ice?

Can ice change into water?

Can wood change into ashes?

Can ashes change into wood?

Which picture shows a chemical change? Explain.
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 28 27/10/11 15:20

21 Changes of state Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
A change of state occurs when matter changes from one state to another.
Changes of state are melting, solidification, vaporization, condensation, sublimation
and reverse sublimation.
1 Write the changes of state. Then, circle the words in the wordsearch.
A gas becomes a liquid.
A liquid slowly changes into a gas
at a lower temperature than boiling.
A solid becomes a gas, without first
becoming a liquid.
A solid becomes a liquid.
A liquid quickly changes into a gas when
the substance reaches a certain temperature.
C O N D E N S A T I O N
Q R A R V D E Q F C L B
O L N Y A W I M U H U D
A Y O S P E R T J E Y X
C Z K V O V C A M N P M
S N J B R H F T N Y G E
L T B O A L I R S P O L
P P K I T D S E R E P T
S U B L I M A T I O N I
M W L I O V T O N T U N
B S W N N I R M G A H G
Y O X G V T P G A T W A
2 What is reverse sublimation? Explain and write an example.
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 29 27/10/11 15:20

22 Movement and speed Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
A still body will not move unless a force acts upon it.
If a body is in motion, it will continue to move in a straight line, until a force makes it stop or
change direction.
Friction is a force between two surfaces that slows down moving objects.
Speed tells us how fast something moves. To calculate speed, we divide the distance by the
time it takes to travel this distance.

What makes a body move, change direction or stop?

How is speed calculated?
2 Describe what is happening in the picture.
movement
friction
3 Calculate the answer.
If a car takes four hours

to travel 300 kilometres, what
is its speed?
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23 Gravity and movement Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Gravity is the force which attracts all bodies towards the Earths surface.
Gravity slows down objects moving in an upwards direction
Gravity accelerates objects moving in a downwards direction.
1 Circle the correct word and write the complete sentence.
Friction Gravity is the force which attracts all bodies towards the Earths surface.
When you throw a ball, gravity pushes the ball upwards downwards .
2 Explain what is happening to this moving ball.
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24 The Inner Plateau Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The Inner Plateau is a very extensive plain in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula.
There are two mountain ranges on the Inner Plateau: the Central Mountain Chain and the
Mountains of Toledo. The Central Mountain Chain divides the Inner Plateau in two:
the Northern Sub-plateau and the Southern Sub-plateau.

MOUNTAIN RANGES ON THE INNER PLATEAU
Mountain Chain
Sub-plateau
Now, look at the map and label the relief features of the Inner Plateau.
N Cantabrian Sea
W E
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
S ea
a n ean
terr
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Medi
Scale
0 110
Kilometres
M a 32 r C a n
127683p28 t b r i c o
Top Science 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L.
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 32 27/10/11 15:21

25 Mountains and river basins Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Four mountain ranges surround the Inner Plateau: the Mountains of Leon, the Cantabrian
Chain, the Iberian Mountain Chain and the Morena Range or Sierra Morena.
Beyond the Inner Plateau there are five mountain ranges: the Galician Massif, the Basque
Mountains, the Pyrenees, the Catalan Coastal Chain and the Baetic Mountain Chain. There are
two principal river basins beyond the Inner Plateau: the Guadalquivir basin and the Ebro basin.
1 Write the names.

Mountain ranges surrounding
the Inner Plateau

River basins lying beyond the
Inner Plateau

Mountain ranges lying beyond
the Inner Plateau
Look at the map and label the mountains and river basins.
N Cantabrian Sea
W E
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
a
Se
an ean
ATLANTIC OCEAN
terr
Medi Scale
0 110
Kilometres
M a r C a n
127683p29t b r i c o
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26 The Spanish coasts and islands Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The Spanish coasts lie along the Cantabrian Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Atlantic
Ocean.
Spain has two large archipelagos. The Balearic Islands are in the Mediterranean Sea. The
Canary Islands are in the Atlantic Ocean.
1 Use these names to label the coasts and archipelagos.
Cantabrian Sea Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea Canary Islands Balearic Islands
A
N

O
W E
B C

E

D

2 Write the names of the islands.

127683costas de Espana

Canary Archipelago

Balearic Archipelago

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27 The climates of Spain Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
There are five climates in Spain:
Mediterranean climate Subtropical climate
Continental Mediterranean climate Mountain climate
Oceanic climate
1 Use the key and colour the map.
Orange Mediterranean climate Red Subtropical climate
Yellow Continental Mediterranean climate Purple Mountain climate

127683climas Espana
Green Oceanic climate
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 35 27/10/11 15:21

28 The Mediterranean climate Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The Mediterranean climate exists in the regions near the Mediterranean Sea. Temperatures
are mild, and there is little precipitation.
The Continental Mediterranean climate exists in the inland regions of the Iberian Peninsula.
Temperatures are very low in winter and very high in summer. There is little precipitation.
1 Match.
Mediterranean climate
Continental Mediterranean climate
Which regions of Spain have these climates?

127683climasmediterraneo
Mediterranean
climate

Continental Mediterranean
climate
2 Describe temperature and precipitation for each type of climate.
Temperatures
Mediterranean
climate
Precipitation
Temperatures
Continental Mediterranean
climate
Precipitation
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 36 27/10/11 15:21

29 Oceanic, Subtropical
and Mountain climates
Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Oceanic climate exists in the northern regions of the Iberian Peninsula. Temperatures are mild
all year round, and precipitation is abundant.
Subtropical climate exists on the Canary Islands. There is little precipitation, and
temperatures are mild all year round.
Mountain climate exists in mountain regions. Temperatures are low, and there is abundant
precipitation.
1 Read and write the type of climate.
The climate in the northern regions.

Temperatures are mild because
the ocean is near.
There is abundant precipitation.
The climate in the Canary Islands.

Temperatures are mild all year round.
There is little precipitation.
The climate in mountain regions.

Temperatures are low.
There is abundant precipitation.
2 Look at the temperatures and precipitations on the graphs. Write the climate.
C C C
30 170 30
160
25 150 25
140 140
130 130
20 120 20 120 20
110 110
15 100 15 100 15
90 90
80 80
10 70 10 70 10
60 60
5 50 5 50 5
40 40 40
30 30 30
0 20 0 20 0 20
10 10 10
0 5 0 0
J F MAM J J A S O N D J F MAM J J A S O N D J F MAM J J A S O N D J F MAM J J A S O N D J F MAM J J A S O N D J F MAM J J A S O N D

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30 Rivers Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Rivers are large flowing bodies of water. They start in the mountains when rain accumulates
or snow melts. The ground over which a river flows is called a riverbed.
The course is the route of the river from its source to its mouth.
The flow is the amount of water the river carries.
A river has a regular flow regime when it carries a similar amount of water all year round.
A river has an irregular flow regime when it carries a lot of water at some times of the year
and little water at other times.
1 Read the definitions and write the names.

The route of a river from its source to its mouth.
The ground over which a river flows.
The amount of water a river carries.
Bodies of flowing water which start in the

mountains when rain accumulates or snow melts.
2 Label the picture.
upper course middle course lower course delta meander tributary reservoir

course
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31 The watersheds of Spain Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
A watershed is an area where all the rivers flow into the same sea.
There are three main watersheds in Spain:
The rivers in the Cantabrian watershed are short and very steep.
The majority of the rivers in the Mediterranean watershed are short.
The majority of the rivers in the Atlantic watershed are long.
1 Tick the correct answer.

Most rivers that flow into the Mediterranean Sea
have a regular flow regime. are very steep. are short and do not carry much water.
The rivers in the Inner Plateau are
the shortest on the Iberian Peninsula.
the longest on the Iberian Peninsula.
part of the Cantabrian watershed.
Rivers in the Cantabrian watershed are
short and very steep. They have irregular, abundant flow regimes.
long and very steep. They have irregular, abundant flow regimes.
short and very steep. They have regular, abundant flow regimes.
In the Canary Islands, there are
rivers. gullies. many tributaries.
2 Investigate and complete the index card about the River Jucar.
River Jucar
Source:
Mouth:
Watershed:
Flow:
Flow regime:
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 39 27/10/11 15:21

32 The population of Spain Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The population of Spain is growing because of natural growth and immigration.
The population density is greater in coastal areas and on the islands. Inland provinces are
less densely populated, with the exception of Madrid.
1 Read the text and explain why it is not correct.
In Spain, the birth rate is lower than the death rate, so, natural growth is positive.
Also, there are more emigrants than immigrants, so migratory growth is positive too.
2 Write the provinces.

Cantabrian Sea
N
F R A N C E
ASTURIAS CANTABRIAVIZCAYA
A CORUA GUIPUZCOA
LUGO
W E ALAVA
NAVARRE ANDORRA
A T L A N T I C LEON
BURGOS
PONTEVEDRA GIRONA
OURENSE RIOJA HUESCA LLEIDA
PALENCIA
S
O C E A N ZAMORA
BARCELONA
VALLADOLID SORIA ZARAGOZA
SEGOVIA
A L
KEY TARRAGONA
SALAMANCA GUADALAJARA TERUEL
Country border AVILA S
ND
U G
MADRID
Province border LA
CASTELLON IS
POPULATION DENSITY CUENCA IC
TOLEDO R
A
R T
CACERES
(inhabitants/km2) VALENCIA L
E
A
B
Less than 10
P O
From 10 to 30 CIUDAD REAL ALBACETE

BADAJOZ
From 31 to 60 ALICANTE
From 61 to 100 CORDOBA
JAEN MURCIA
From 101 to 600
HUELVA
More than 600 SEVILLE a
e
GRANADA S
ALMERIA n
MALAGA
ATLANTIC OCEAN e a
CADIZ r a n
r
t e Scale
d i
LAS PALMAS Ceuta M e 0 97
MOROCCO Melilla Kilometres

SANTA CRUZ
DE TENERIFE
Two provinces with less than

10 inhabitants per km2. 179247U12p133 densidad Espana
Two provinces with more than

600 inhabitants per km2.
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 40 27/10/11 15:21

33 Services Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The tertiary sector is also called the service sector. The tertiary sector does not provide us
with material goods. Instead, it includes activities which provide services such as educational,
health, financial, administrative, trade, tourism, transport and communications services.
In Spain, 65 out of every 100 people work in the tertiary sector.

1. Service used so that products can reach shops and consumers.
2. The buying and selling of products.
3. The type of trade within a country.
4. The sector that employs 65% of the active population.
5. Products which are sold to other countries.
6. Travel to other places for the purpose of relaxation or fun.
7. Type of tourism popular in Spains mountain and coastal areas.
1 2 3

4
2 What are three types of transport? Give examples.
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34 The territorial organisation of Spain Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Spain is divided into 17 Autonomous Communities and two Autonomous Cities.
The Spanish borders are:
North: France, Andorra and the Cantabrian Sea.
East: the Mediterranean Sea.
South: the Mediterranean Sea, Morocco and the Atlantic Ocean.
West: Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
1 Complete the charts.
Natural borders Political borders
North North
South South
East West
West
2 Label the borders of Spain on the map.
N
B
C
W E
A
D
S
E
F
CANARY ISLANDS
G
127683limites_Espana_p43
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35 The political institutions of Spain Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The Constitution is the most important law in Spain. All other laws must be in accordance with
the Constitution, including laws passed by the Autonomous Parliaments.
The Constitution establishes the rights and obligations of citizens, the form of government
and the organisation of institutions.
1 Tick the correct answer. Then, write the complete sentence.

Spain is a Monarchy.
Parliamentary Constitutional
The Head of State is

the King. the President.
The Congress of Deputies and the Senate make up

the Parliament. the Government.
The President of the Government is elected by

the King. the Congress of Deputies.
Institution Duties Made up of (people)

Head of State
Parliament
Government
Courts of Justice
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 43 27/10/11 15:21

36 Prehistory: the Palaeolithic Age Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Prehistory is the first period in history and also the longest. It is divided into three periods:
the Palaeolithic Age, the Neolithic Age and the Metal Ages.
In the Palaeolithic Age, human beings were nomads. They lived in the open, in caves or in
simple huts. They hunted, fished and gathered fruits and plants to survive. They lived in
tribes. They made simple tools from wood, bones and stone. They painted animals on cave
walls and made small sculptures.
1 Match.
the appearance of human beings and

Prehistory is
ends with the appearance of writing.
three periods: the Palaeolithic Age,

Prehistory starts with
the Neolithic Age and the Metal Ages.
the first period in history and also the

Prehistory is divided into
longest.
Now, write the complete sentences.

2 Complete the text.
In the Palaeolithic Age, human beings ate what they found in nature. They fished, hunted
and fruit. These men and women were , people who
move continually without settling in one place. They lived in , small groups
formed by several families. They made from animal bones, and they painted
the inside of .
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 44 27/10/11 15:21

37 The Neolithic Age Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The Neolithic Age is the second period of Prehistory. People cultivated crops and kept animals
in stables. They built the first villages and became sedentary. They made polished stone tools,
and they learnt how to make pottery and cloth. They painted cave walls with scenes of people
dancing, hunting and gathering.
1 Write the characteristics of human beings during the Neolithic Age.
In the Palaeolithic Age In the Neolithic Age

human beings human beings

were nomads
gathered fruits and roots
hunted
wore clothes made of skins
2 Look at the painting. Then, answer the question.
What period does this painting belong to? Explain.
3 Match.
Polished They made more sophisticated tools

Palaeolithic
stone tools such as hoes and sickles.

Simple tools from wood, They hit one stone against another until
Neolithic
bones and stone they obtained the shape they wanted.

189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 45 27/10/11 15:21

38 The Metal Ages Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
In the Metal Ages, people learned to make objects out of metal.
Villages attracted many people and grew into towns.
The wheel, the sail and the plough were invented.
People built monuments with huge stones. They were called megalithic monuments.
1 Look at the timeline. Why is it not correct?

Prehistory
The Metal Ages Neolithic Palaeolithic
1,000,000 years ago 7,000 years ago 6,000 years ago
2 Write Palaeolithic, Neolithic or Metal Ages.

People lived in towns.
People lived in villages.
People lived in caves.
People hunted and gathered fruit.
People farmed and kept animals.
People became soldiers and traders.
People built megalithic monuments.
People painted human figures on cave walls.
People painted animals on cave walls.
They made tools from polished stone.
They made tools from metal.
They made simple tools from stone.
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 46 27/10/11 15:21

39 The Iberians,
the Celts and the first colonists
Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Two groups of people lived on the Iberian Peninsula in the first millennium B.C.: the Iberians
and the Celts. The Iberians lived in the south and east of the Peninsula. The Celts lived in the
centre of the Peninsula and on the Atlantic coast.
The first colonists the Phoenicians, the Greeks and the Carthaginians arrived from across
the Mediterranean Sea.
1 Use the key and colour the map. Then, answer the questions. Cantabrian Sea
LUCENSES
CANTABRI
RES
ASTU NE
S
S CO
I
I VA
AR
AE
ES
C C N
AC
VA SO
LU
BR
ANI
IET
AREVACI LA
red AT L A N T I C VETTONES
Celtic and Celtiberian zone

CA
RP
E EDETANI
OCEAN LUSITANI
TA
N I
OR
ET
AN
CELTICI I CONTESTANI
MEDITERRANEAN
TURDETANI
NI
blue
SEA
Iberian zone
TA
BASTE
Celtic and Celtiberian zone

Iberian zone
In what part of the Peninsula did the Iberians live? Where did the Celts179247U14p166
live? beros y celtas en la pennsula
Write the names of three Iberian tribes and three Celtic tribes.
2 Wordsearch. Circle the names of the three colonising civilizations. Circle one colony of each civilization.
Then, write them down.

U S D G W R B N K S C G S
P C A R T H A G I N I A N
S B K E Q S X I N A C D L

P H O E N I C I A N W I L
R F L K T M V Y F C D R R
T P X X V F L Z R N U Z Y

M H F S A G U N T U M N M
W C A R T A G O N O V A B
189725 _ 0008-0050.indd 47 27/10/11 15:21

40 Roman Hispania Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula started in 218 B.C. and ended
in 19 B.C. TheRomans divided Hispania into provinces, introduced the laws of the Roman
Empire, spread the use of Latin, founded cities and introduced Christianity. There were
two groups ofpeople in Hispano-Roman society: free people and slaves.
A mixture of stones, cement and sand

used in Roman construction.
The language spoken by the Romans.
The name the Romans gave to the Iberian Peninsula.
The official religion of the Roman Empire
beginning in 380 A.D.
The name of the wars fought between
the Romans and the Carthaginians.
Pictures made with tiles of stone or coloured glass.
The only pre-Roman language which has survived.
People without rights who were
owned by another person.
Over 2,000 years ago, the Romans defeated the and conquered
the Iberian Peninsula. The Romans called it .
The Romans divided Hispania into . The Roman language
was . The inhabitants of Hispania adopted Roman customs.
In 380 A.D., became the official religion throughout the Roman Empire.
The Romans were excellent builders. They used two new materials for building: cement and
They decorated floors and walls with paintings and .
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41 The beginning of the Middle Ages Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
In the fifth century, the Visigoths conquered the Iberian Peninsula and made Toledo the capital
of their kingdom.
In 711 A.D., the Moors, or Muslims invaded the Visigoth kingdom and conquered much
of the Peninsula. At first Al-Andalus was an emirate, then a caliphate. The Christians who lived
in the north of the Peninsula organised themselves into kingdoms and counties.
1 Circle the correct answer. Then, write the sentence.
The Visigoths were a. Muslims. b. a Germanic tribe.
The capital of the Visigoth kingdom was a. Toledo. b. Cordoba.
2 Write the correct dates. Then, number the sentences chronologically: 1, 2 and 3.
In the year , the emir Abd-ar-Rahman III became a caliph and established
the caliphate of Cordoba.
In the year , Prince Abd-ar-Rahman I proclaimed himself an independent emir

and Al-Andalus separated from Damascus.
In the year , Muslims invaded the Peninsula and turned Al-Andalus into an emirate,
a province which depended on the caliph of Damascus.
3 Write the names of the Christian Kingdoms or counties in the Iberian Peninsula at the beginning
of the Middle Ages.
*
In The Kingdom of Asturias ,
Cantabria the Kingdom of and the Kingdom of
*

In the
Pyrenees

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42 Life in the Christian Kingdoms Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Society in the Christian Kingdoms was divided into the privileged and the non-privileged.
During these times, Romanesque and Gothic buildings were constructed.
Romanesque buildings were not very tall. They had very thick, stone walls with few
windows. The doors and windows had round arches.
Gothic buildings were tall with thinner walls. The had large doors and the windows had
pointed arches. They were often decorated with stained glass.
1 Complete.
SOCIETY IN THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS

2 Look at the photo. Is it a Romanesque or a Gothic church?
Write some differences between Romanesque and Gothic architecture.
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Extension worksheets
1 Parts of a cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2 Plant adaptation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3 Ecosystems in danger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4 Volcanic eruptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5 Star gazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6 Eureka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
7 Newtons apple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
8 Teneguia, a very young mountain . . . . . . . . . . 66
9 The Azores Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
10 Batuecas Natural Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
11 Spains ageing population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
12 Organisation of Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
13 Our ancestors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
14 The Roman legions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
15 The Way of St James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
ANSWER KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
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1 Parts of a cell EXTENSION
Name Date
The invention of the microscope allowed scientists not only to discover that all
animals and plants are made up of cells, but also to see that cells are made
up of different parts and organelles which carry out different functions.
Ribosomes Cytoplasm Centrosome

Tiny organelles Liquid which contains Small cylinders
which produce the organelles. which take part
protein. in cell division.
Membrane
Covering which surrounds
Mitochondrion the cell and separates
it from the outside.
Rod-shaped
organelles which
obtain energy.
Vacuoles
Sacs which store
substances.
Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulums
Structure which controls Sacs which produce
the cells functions. and transport proteins.
Cells have different functions, and they have different shapes and sizes, but all
cells have a membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus.
A nerve cell, which transmits nerve impulses, is different from a red blood cell,
which carries oxygen.
What is the part that controls the cells functions?
Why do cells need to carry out the life processes of nutrition and reproduction?
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1
2 Look at the animal cell on the previous page. Label the parts of this plant cell.
Dont forget the chloroplast!
ch
Now, write about two differences you observed.
1.
2.
3 Match the cell types with their functions.
nerve forms part of the bones
bone takes part in reproduction
akes up the skin and covers

m
muscle
other parts of the body
transmits messages and orders.

adipose
Processes information
blood elps the body move

h
sex tores fat and protects body

s
(spermatozoid) organs
transports oxygen and other

epithelial
substances throughout the body
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2 Plant adaptation EXTENSION
Name Date
Plants react to their environment and often have to adapt in order to survive. We can classify plant
adaptation in several ways:
Adapting to rainfall
In humid areas, plants can grow close to each other because there
is plenty of water. In dry areas, plants grow farther apart because
water is scarce.
Adapting to soil
Different types of soil allow different types of plants to survive.
This depends on the conditions of the soil. For example, ivy grows
well in rich, loose soil. Venuss navel is able to grow in the cracks
of rocks where there is very little soil.
Structural adaptations
The structure of cacti helps them survive extremely hot and dry
climates. A cactus plant can retain large amounts of water in
itsfleshy stem. Tough skin keeps water inside from evaporating.
The olive tree also grows in hot, dry climates. It has adapted
by growing hard, impermeable leaves.
Adapting to fauna
Some plants develop defence systems to avoid being eaten by
animals. For example, the castor oil plant produces venom. Rose
bushes have thorns. Thyme plants give off an unpleasant smell
that repels herbivores.
Why do plants have to protect themselves from animals?
Why do plants living in dry areas need to grow farther apart?
2 How do plants adapt to changes in the seasons? Write an example.
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2
3 Complete the chart with two examples for each type of adaptation.

to rainfall

to soil

Adaptation

to fauna

structural
4 Look at the pictures. How have these plants adapted to low rainfall or low light?
Stem: Leaves:
Roots: Stem:
5 Look at the picture. Name two types of adaptations of waterlillies. Explain.
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3 Ecosystems in danger EXTENSION
Name Date
All over the planet Earth, on land and at sea, there are entire ecosystems in danger of extinction. This
maps shows some of the richest and most endangered ecosystems on Earth.
Bering Sea
Siberia
Mediterranean Lake Baikal

coastline
Rocky Jungles
Mountains of Guinea
Indian Ocean
Madagascar
Jungles of Liberia
Amazon
rainforest
Cape of Good
Hope
Bering Sea: an area of reproduction for grey whales, located in the northern Pacific Ocean.
Rocky Mountains: an area with some of the most characteristic landscapes of North America.
Amazon rainforest: the home to thousands of unique species of plants and animals.
Mediterranean coastline: a diverse ecosystem, especially for plants, birds and insects.
Equatorial jungles of eastern Africa: have some rare species such as the dwarf hippopotamus
and the okapi.
Cape of Good Hope: home to unique flora and fauna: zebras, antelopes, baboons, insects,
whales, hundreds of species of birds, and more.
Siberia: the taiga here is one of the largest natural forests in the world.
Lake Baikal: the largest lake in Asia. It contains 20% of all the fresh water on Earth.
Madagascar: the location of some of the richest and most exotic flora and fauna on Earth.
Indian Ocean: the largest corral reefs on Earth are found here.
1 What does this map show?
2 Find Spain on the map. Is there an ecosystem in danger near Spain? Which one?
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3
1. Permanent destruction
of trees and vegetation. 6

2. The longest river
1
in South America.
3. The ocean that is home 2
to important corral reefs.
3
4. The sea in the northern
Pacific Ocean which is rich 4
in fishing resources.
5
5. A large lake in Asia.
6. A type of natural forest.
A large one is in siberia.
4 Research and write a brief report about an ecosystem near where you live. Include pictures
or your own drawings.
Ecosystem:
Location:
Living things:
Physical environment:
Types of pollution:
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4 Volcanic eruptions EXTENSION
Name Date
Have you ever seen a film or television programme

about volcanic eruptions? Many documentaries have
captured the moment in which a peaceful mountain
landscape is turned into fiery fountains of lava.
As you know, volcanic activity can vary greatly. Some
volcanoes are extremely active, meaning they erupt
quite often and violently. Other volcanoes are less
active, and they erupt less frequently, with less intensity.
Some volcanoes are dormant, meaning they seem to be
asleep because they have not erupted for many years.
Other volcanoes are considered extinct.
According to how they erupt, volcanoes are classified
into four groups.
Hawaiian eruptions. There are no explosions with this
type of eruption. The lava is fluid, so it runs down the
side of the volcano. They get their name from the
volcanoes found on the islands of Hawaii.
Strombolian eruptions. These are passive eruptions,
so they are less dangerous than most. The lava is
fluid. They are characterised by small but frequent explosions which can occur over thousands
of years. They are named after the volcano Stromboli, in Italy, which has been in eruption
forhundreds of years.
Vulcanian eruptions. These are violent, noisy eruptions. The volcano comes to life suddenly after
adormant period and releases large clouds of ash. The magma that is released is viscous,
meaning it does not flow easily and it dries quickly. The name comes from Vulcano in the Aeolian
Islands off the coast of Italy, near Sicily.
Pelean eruptions. These are extremely violent eruptions. As dense magma rises through the
chimney, it cools and blocks the crater of the volcano. This builds up pressure inside the volcano
because the magma and gases cannot escape. Finally, the volcano erupts in an extremely violent
explosion, releasing the gas and lava. This type of eruption is named after the 1902 eruption of
Mount Pelee, Martinique, which completely destroyed this island in the Caribbean Sea.
1 Where do the names of the four types of eruptions come from?
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4
2 Identify and label each type of volcanic eruption.
A B

C D

3 Explain the difference between lava and magma.
4 Ancient Romans worshipped a god named Vulcan. Find out who Vulcan was and fill
in the information card.
God of
Son of
Husband of
Lived under
Answer the questions.

What is the name of a famous painting of Vulcan? Who painted it?
In what museum can you see this painting?

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5 Star gazing EXTENSION
Name Date
Scorpions and dragons, princesses and hunters,

chariots and arrows... If you look up at the sky on
a clear night, from a place without pollution, you
will see hundreds of stars that form outlines of
interesting shapes.
These groups of stars are constellations. And of
all the constellations, there is one that is easily
recognised by everyone: the Big Dipper, also known
as Ursa Major, the Plough, or the Big Bear.
The Big Dipper is located in the northern
hemisphere. It is made up of seven stars. Three
of these stars seem to form the handle and four
appear to form the bowl of a dipper, another name
URSA MINOR
for a ladle or scoop. URSA MAJOR
The star at the end of the handle of the Little
Dipper is the North Star, also known as Polaris or
the Pole Star. Another way to find the North Star is
to draw a line through the last two stars of the bowl
of the Big Dipper. This line will point to the North
Star.
Close by is the constellation of Cepheus, which represents the legendary king of Ethiopia, Cefeo.
Beyond Cepheus you can see Cassiopeia, which will look like an M or W, depending on the season.
Winter is the best time of year to see the constellations Orion, the hunter, and Canis Major,
Orion's dog.
In total, there are 88 constellations.
1 Read and answer.
What is a constellation?
What constellation does the Pole Star belong to? In what hemisphere is it?
What constellation has the shape of a hunter and his dog?
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5
2 Connect the dots to draw five constellations.
URSA
MAJOR
URSA
MINOR
DRAGON
CEPHEUS
CASSIOPEIA
Where is the Pole Star? Circle it and explain its position.
3 Read these words backwards to find out the names of some of the stars that make up the constellation
of Orion. Now write them correctly.
1. esuegleteB
2. legiR
3. xirtalleB
4. akatniM
5. katimlA
6 malinlA
7. hpiaS
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6 Eureka EXTENSION
Name Date
About 2,200 years ago, Hieron, King of Syracuse, Can you find out
in Sicily, commissioned a solid gold crown. if the crown is
made of solid gold?
The crown was beautiful, but Hieron was worried
because he suspected that the goldsmith was
dishonest. Perhaps he hadstolen part of the gold I will try
and used less valuable metals. to find the
Hieron called Archimedes, the wisest man in the city. solution.
A week later, while he was taking a bath, Archimedes

thought of a solution.
Archimedes took two bowls of water. He placed
the crown in one bowl. In the other one, he placed
another crown of solid gold with the same mass.
Eureka!
Ive got it!
Ive found
the solution. Look how the water
spills out of the bowl.
The goldsmith tried
to cheat you!
1 Read and tick the correct answer.

How did Archimedes find out that the goldsmith had cheated Hieron?
Because one of the bowls had more water than the other.
Because both bowls contained the same amount of water.
What did Archimedes base his conclusions on?
Changing the shape of a body also changes its volume.
Two equal masses of the same substance have the same volume.
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6
2 Why is the block of lead smaller than the block of cork if they both have the same mass? Explain.
Cork
1 kg
Lead 1 kg
3 Look at the pictures of the ring in the liquid. Why is the second picture wrong?
Calculate the density of the ring. Its mass is 30 grams. Its volume is 1.5 cm3.
4 Look for information and answer the questions.

Who was Archimedes? Where was he born?
What were Archimedes most important contributions to science?
What does the word eureka mean?
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7 Newtons apple EXTENSION
Name Date
Many historical events have elements of reality and legend.

This is certainly the case with the discovery of the Universal
Law of Gravitation.
The legend tells the story of how Isaac Newton was resting
under an apple tree. When an apple fell from the tree
and hit him on the head, Newton suddenly discovered
the Law of Gravity.
In reality, Newton observed how an apple fell from a tree
towards the ground. This inspired him and made him start
thinking. Why do objects always fall downwards towards
the Earth and not upwards towards the Sun? Using
mathematical equations, Newton formulated one of the
most important laws of physics. Thanks to the apple,
this English scientist realised that there is an invisible
force called gravity that attracts all objects towards
the centre of the Earth.

Who was Isaac Newton?
What is gravity?
Why did a falling apple make Newton think of gravity?
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7
2 Read this newspaper story about the apple tree that inspired Isaac Newton.
21 September 2006
Newtons apple falls during Hurricane Gordon

At 10 oclock this morning, a very strong wind caused
the only apple growing on Newtons apple tree this year
to fall to the ground. This tree was planted in front
of the House of Science in A Corua in honour of the great
17th century English scientist.
In 1666, the apple that Newton observed, fell straight to the ground
towards the centre of the Earth. But today, the apple did not fall straight
to the ground. Instead, it landed at some distance from the tree. This
apple had two forces working on it at the same time: the force of gravity
and the force of the strong winds of Hurricane Gordon.
Remember, gravity is not the only force of nature on Earth.
What other forces do you know about? Write.
3 Apples play a role in many historical events and legends. Match.
Eve and the apple The Universal Law of Gravitation

Paris and the golden apple The Trojan War

Newtons apple The expulsion from paradise

William Tells apple The independence of Switzerland

Do you know any other stories in which an apple plays an important role? Write the name.
What kind of plant is the apple tree?
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8 Teneguia, a very young mountain EXTENSION
Name Date
In 1971, the inhabitants of La Palma in the Canary

Islands were witnesses to the birth of a new
mountain.
This is how it happened: at 3:00 p.m. on
26th October, the volcano Cumbre Vieja erupted.
A deep, 200-metre-long crack opened up in
the earth.
For three weeks, the earth continued to tremble.
It seemed as though the eruption was never
going to end. So much lava flowed out of the
volcanos cone and into the sea that it made
the island larger.
Finally, on 18th November 1971, the eruption ended
and the lava stopped flowing. Everything was
calm again.
Now, La Palma had a new mountain: the Teneguia.
1 Answer.
What happened?
Where did it happen?
When did it happen?
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8
2 Read, then complete the chart.
Mount Vesuvius, the volcano that buried three cities

Location: Naples, Italy Height: 1,279 metres Last eruption: 1944
Mount Vesuvius is not a very tall volcano, but its eruption in AD 79 was deadly. It completely buried
and destroyed the Roman cities of Herculaneum, Pompeii and Stabiae. Over 16,000 people died.
Mauna Kea, the tallest volcano in the world

Location: Hawaii, USA Height: 4,205 metres Last eruption: 4,500 years ago
This dormant volcano is about a million years old. When measured from the ocean floor, it is
more than 9,000 metres tall. It is so tall that is has regular snowfalls.
Etna, the most active volcano in Europe

Location: Sicily, Italy Height: 3,322 metres Last eruption: 2001
Mount Etna first erupted in 423 BC. Since then, it has erupted over 200 times and killed
thousands of people.
Krakatoa, the volcano that destroyed an island

Location: Indonesia Height: 813 metres Last eruption: 2010
Krakatoas eruption in 1883 was catastrophic. The explosion was so powerful that two-thirds of
the island disappeared. It produced deadly tsunamis that destroyed villages in Java and Sumatra.
A thick cloud of ash and dust affected the weather around the world. Over 30,000 people died. It
was the loudest eruption in history: people 3,500 kilometres away heard the explosion.
European volcanoes Non-European volcanoes
Name
Country
Height
This volcano is
famous because
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9 The Azores Islands EXTENSION
Name Date
The Azores are a group of nine Portuguese islands located in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. They
are part of Macaronesia, which is made up of five archipelagos near the continent of Africa: the
Azores Islands, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, the Madeira Islands and the Savage Islands.
The Azores are volcanic islands. Ponta
N
do Pico, on Pico Island, is the highest
mountain in Macaronesia and in Portugal. PORTUGAL
W E The Azores
Its peak measures 2,351 metres above
sea level. SPAIN
S
The climate in the Azores is mild and Madeira Islands
regular all year long. Temperatures
IA
average 20 C. Precipitation is abundant,
ES
Savage Islands
AT L A N T I C
especially from November to May.
ON
OCEAN
The Azores high pressure system, known Canary Islands
AR
as the Azores High, is an anticyclone
AC
named after the Azores Islands because
it forms above them. When this area
M FRICA
of high pressure reaches the Iberian
Peninsula, it is responsible for fine Cape Verde Islands
weather conditions: dry, sunny and
warm.

The Azores Islands belong to
Portugal. Spain. Africa.
The Canary Islands make up part of

127683macaronesia
the Azores Islands. Macaronesia. Portugal.
Ponta do Pico volcano is

the highest peak in the Canary Islands.
the highest peak in Portugal.
the highest peak in Europe.
The Azores high pressure system is responsible for

good weather in the Iberian Peninsula.
good weather in Africa.
rain in the Azores.
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9
2 Why do we associate good weather with dry, hot weather? When it rains, isnt the weather also good?
Think and explain.
3 Make a chart from this data.

Average temperatures in Spain (C)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
7 7 11 13 16 22 24 24 20 16 10 7
Average precipitation in Spain (l/m2)
50 48 55 44 47 13 8 18 39 78 60 55
C l/m2
30 120
110
25 100
90
20 80
70
15 60
50
10 40
30
5 20
10
0 0
months
4 At what time of year does the Azores High affect Spain the most? Explain.
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10 Batuecas National Park EXTENSION
Name Date
In the year 2000, this area in the south of the province Chorro
of Salamanca was declared Batuecas National Park. Waterfall
La Alberca
Its rich flora and fauna have fascinated people for at least
four thousand years.
Approximately 4,000 years ago, prehistoric man admired
the deep valleys, streams and waterfalls of this area.
Manycaves containing Neolithic paintings of animals, such
as fish and mountain goats, have been found in the park. In Batuecas
Monastery
the 15thcentury, Carmelite Monks founded a convent here
becauseit was the ideal place for them to live a peaceful
and solitary life.
Several rivers pass through the park. The Rivers Francia, Alagon and Batuecas all belong to the Tagus
river basin. The River Agadon is part of the Duero river basin.
Along the River Batuecas is possibly the most beautiful spot: the Chorro Waterfall. It is ten metres
high, and many people think it looks like paradise.
Today, Batuecas National Park is the home of many protected species: the wolf, the lynx, the royal
eagle and the black stork.
1 Read, think and answer.

In which province is Batuecas National Park?
What Autonomous Community does this province belong to?
When did people first settle in the Batuecas area?

What is the name of this period in history?
What religious order founded the Batauecas Monastery?

In what century was it founded?
What protected species are found in Batuecas National Park?
2 What rivers flow through Batuecas National Park? What watershed do they belong to?
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10
3 Why can rivers of different river basins be in the same watershed? Explain.
4 Circle the names of the main tributaries of the River Tagus and the River Duero. Then, classify them.
O E R O V A S J I D Y M
G U A D A R R A M A H O
Z J E B L A N R D O P D
U R M C D E H A D A J A
T O R M E S Y M E S O C
B A G E R I F A L O M X
O N E G A L B E R C H E
W I D A D O T K X A S I
P R E T U C A L A G O N
P I S U E R G A S D I R
A B L O Y L J Y H A D T
C R A U P A T I E T A R

Tributaries of the
River Tagus

Tributaries of the
River Duero

5 Look for this information: Where is Babia? In which Autonomous Community is it located? What is the
main river that flows through this Autonomous Community?
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11 Spains ageing population EXTENSION
Name Date
Spain is getting old. The number of people who are

over 65 years old has been increasing in recent
decades.
At the beginning of the 20th Century, five out of every
100 Spaniards were over 65. Today, 17 percent of the
population is over 65.
This percentage will continue to increase in the coming
years. It is estimated that in the year 2020, twenty
percent of the Spanish population will be over 65.
There are two reasons for this:
Lower birth rate: in the last 50 years, the birth rate
has gone from five children per woman to 1.4
children per woman.
Higher life expectancy: in other words, people are
living longer. In 1900, a person born in Spain could
expect to live an average of 35 years. Today, the
average life expectancy in Spain is 81 years.
1 Read and answer.
Why has the Spanish population aged in recent decades?
What is the life expectancy today for a baby born in Spain?
2 The Spanish population is getting older. What are some of the consequences? Give examples.
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11
3 Match.
A statistical study of a human population. Death rate
The ratio between births and the population. Demographics
The ratio between deaths and the population. Population density
The number of inhabitants per square kilometre. Birth rate
Moving from one country to another. International emigration/immigration
4 Make population pyramids.
Age Sex Age Sex

groups Women Men groups Women Men
0-4 1,100,000 1,200,000 45-49 1,700,000 1,700,000
5-9 1,000,000 1,100,000 50-54 1,400,000 1,400,000
10-14 1,000,000 1,100,000 55-59 1,300,000 1,300,000
15-19 1,100,000 1,200,000 60-64 1,200,000 1,100,000
20-24 1,400,000 1,500,000 65-69 1,000,000 900,000
25-29 1,800,000 1,900,000 70-74 1,000,000 900,000
30-34 2,000,000 2,100,000 75-79 1,000,000 700,000
35-39 1,900,000 2,000,000 80-84 700,000 500,000
40-44 1,800,000 1,900,000 85+ 600,000 300,000
To make your population pyramids, transfer the data from the chart above to the axes.
Then, draw the corresponding horizontal line for each age group and gender.
Men Age Women

groups
85+
80-84
75-70
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 population 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000
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12 Organisation of Spain EXTENSION
Name Date
In December 1978, the Spanish people

approved the Constitution by referendum.
The Constitution is the most important
law in Spain. It guarantees freedom and
equality for all citizens. It also guarantees
political pluralism. In addition, it includes
the national institutions, the form
ofgovernment and the organisation of
Spains territory.
Spanish territory is organised in
municipalities, provinces and Autonomous
Communities.
Every Spanish citizen lives in a
municipality. The municipality belongs to
a province, and the province belongs to
an Autonomous Community.
Several municipalities in the same region which share similar characteristics can be grouped into
acomarca.
In Spain, there are 17 Autonomous Communities and two Autonomous Cities: Ceuta and Melilla.
1 Read, think and explain.
What is a referendum?
Name four of the national institutions of Spain.
How is Spains territory organised?
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12
2 Complete the index card about your province.
Name:
Capital:
Autonomous Community:
Borders:

1. The most important law in Spain. It establishes the rights and obligations of all citizens.
2. The largest of the Balearic Islands.
3. The leader of the government, elected by the Congress of Deputies and named by the King.
4. The lower chamber of the Parliament: Congress of .
5. The capital of Extremadura.
6. An Autonomous City.
7. How each island is governed in the Canary Islands.
8. The Head of State.
9. A small country which borders the north of Spain.
10. The upper chamber of the Parliament.
11. It is responsible for creating and approving laws and for controlling the government.
2 3

1

4

6
5

9

8

11
10
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13 Our ancestors EXTENSION
Name Date
Present day human beings evolved over a long, slow process.

Our first ancestors walked the Earth some five million years
ago. They are called the Australopithecus. They walked
upright.
Homo habilis appeared three million years ago. They walked
upright and lived in small groups of families. They got their
food by hunting and gathering fruits and roots. They were the
first human beings to make tools.
Homo erectus appeared 1,600,000 years ago. Their bodies
were similar to ours: they stood upright and could be as tall
as 180 cm. They were omnivores and they hunted. They
made stone axes and wooden spears. Homo erectus
discovered fire and used it for cooking and keeping warm.
Homo antecessor lived 800,000 years ago. They were
hunters and gatherers. They made tools from wood and
bones. Remains of this species have been found in
Atapuerca in the province of Burgos.
Homo neanderthalensis appeared about 200,000 years ago.
They were the first humans to bury their dead.
Homo sapiens sapiens, also called Cro-Magnon, appeared
about 150,000 years ago. We belong to this species of
human beings. They were sedentary. They were also the first
humans to farm and keep livestock. They made clothes from
animal skins. They were excellent hunters and fishermen. They also made cave paintings
that still exist today. Homo sapiens had larger, more highly developed brains. In Latin, homo sapiens
means wise man.
They are our first ancestors. We belong to this species.

Homo erectus Homo sapiens sapiens
Australopithecus Homo antecessor
Homo neanderthalensis Homo erectus
They were the first human beings to make tools. They discovered fire.
Homo erectus Homo sapiens sapiens
Homo sapiens sapiens Homo antecessor
Homo habilis Homo erectus
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13
2 When did Homo antecessor live? Where can we find some of their remains?
3 Match.
Homo habilis buried their dead 3 million years ago
Homo neanderthalensis had highly developed brains 200,000 years ago
Homo sapiens sapiens discovered fire 150,000 years ago
Homo erectus walked upright 1,600,000 years ago
4 What species of Homo is this? Explain.
5 Complete the timeline with the name of the human species.
5,000,000 years ago 1,600,000 years ago 150,000 years ago
3,000,000 years ago 800,000 years ago 200,000 years ago
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14 The Roman legions EXTENSION
Name Date
The Roman legions made the Roman Empire great. Most

legionaries were well-trained and disciplined professional
soldiers. They made up the best army of their day, and
they were very successful. They steadily conquered
new territories. At one point, Rome controlled the
Mediterranean Sea, part of central Europe and even the
British Isles.
The main division of the army was the legion. Each legion
had about 6,000 elite soldiers. A legion was divided into
ten cohorts led by a senior officer called a legate. Each
cohort was made up of 600 soldiers who were led by
another senior officer. These cohorts were then divided
again into three maniples with about 200 legionaries in
each one.
Finally, each maniple was made up of two centuries each
containing a hundred men. Centurions were in charge of
both the centuries and the maniples.
1 How was the Roman army organised? Look at the organigram and complete the key.

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14
2 Match.
Lorica: armour Scutum: shield
Pilum: spear Galea: helmet
Gladius: sword Greave: leg protector
3 Look at this Roman army camp. Then read the definitions and write the words.
Porta
principalis Tentoria
Porta Praetorium dextra
decumana Intervallum
Fossa
Porta praetoria
Porta
principalis Via praetoria
sinistra
Vallum
Via principalis
Main entrance to the camp. Porta Praetoria
Gate opposite the main entrance.
Ditch to protect the camp.
Defensive barrier made of wood.
Space between the tents and the vallum.
Generals large tent.
Soldiers tents.
Gate on the left.
Gate on the right.
Road crossing from the left to the right side of the camp.
Road going from the main entrance to the rear entrance.
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15 The Way of St James EXTENSION
Name Date
A pilgrim is a believer who travels long distances

to visit a sacred place. Since the Middle Ages,
Jerusalem, Rome and Santiago de Compostela
have been the main destinations of pilgrimages.
The passion and crucifixion of Jesus Christ
happened in Jerusalem. Rome is home to the
Pope and the place where Saint Peter died. It is
believed that the remains of the apostle Saint
James are buried in the Cathedral of Santiago de
Compostela.
For centuries, pilgrims have walked the Way
of St James to Compostela to show their
devotion to St James. This journey can often
take months. During the reign of the Catholic
Monarchs, pilgrims from all over Europe walked
Way of St James. On their journey, they slept in
monasteries, hospitals and inns.
Since the Middle Ages, the Way of St James has
had several routes:
The French Way starts in Saint Jean Pied
dePort, France. It crosses Navarre, Rioja,
Castile and Leon and Galicia.
The Northern Way starts at the French border in Irun. It goes along the Cantabrian coast.
The Primitive Way starts in Asturias and passes through Lugo, where it joins the last part
of the French Way.
The Silver Way starts in Andalusia. It crosses Extremadura, Castile-Leon, and southern Galicia.
When pilgrims arrive at the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, they go through the western
entrance, through the beautiful Portico de la Gloria.
What have been the main destinations of pilgrimages since the Middle Ages?
Why do people make pilgrimages to these places?
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15
2 What is a relic? What relic is in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela? Find out and explain.
3 Use the key and colour the different routes of the Way of St James.
red French Way
blue Northern Way
green Primitive Way
yellow Silver Way
4 Look at the parts of 127683Camino

the Porticodede la Gloria.
Santiago
archivolts tympanum
column
mainel
Now, write T (true) or F (false).

Archivolts are decorative bands that follow the shape of an arch.
The mainel is a column that divides the open space of a door into two parts.
The tympanum is a decorated semicircular space above a door.
Columns are vertical elements which support the weight of a building.
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Answer key Reinforcement
1 CELLS 2. Answer the questions.

1. Label the parts of the cell. This process only takes place during the day.
Left: cytoplasm, nucleus. Right: membrane. Mineral salts dissolve in water. Then, plants absorb this
water through their tiny root hairs.
2. Read the definitions and write the parts of the cell.
Chlorophyll is a green substance which traps sunlight.
nucleus; cytoplasm; membrane.
3. Write animal cell or plant cell. Then, complete the sentences. 3. Match.
plant cell; animal cell. Animal cells can be many different Phloem vessels: elaborated sap
shapes. Sometimes their shape is very irregular. Plant cells Xylem vessels: raw sap
are bigger and have a regular shape. They have a hard cell
wall around the membrane. 6 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
1. Label the parts of the flower.
2 TISSUES, ORGANS, SYSTEMS AND ORGANISMS Left top to bottom: pistil; ovule.
1. Write in order from the least complex to the most complex. Right top to bottom: anther; stamen; ovary.
Cell, tissue, organ, system, organism. 2. Write T (true) or F (false). Then, write the correct
2. Write two examples for each. M. A. (Model answer) sentences.
Tissues: muscle tissue, epidermis of a plant. F, plants that use wind pollination produce large quantities
of pollen; T; F, plants that use insect pollination have large
Organs: heart, leaf of a plant.
attractive flowers.
Systems: muscular system, digestive system.
3. Explain how each plant carries out reproduction.
3. What is an organism?
This is a dandelion. Wind separates the seeds from
When all the systems work together, they form an organism, the plant. The seeds travel long distances as they float
which is a complete living thing. in the wind, reaching the stigmas of other flowers.
4. Complete the sentences. A bee is pollinating the flower. The plant has attractive
Animals; Plants. flowers, which bees like. The pollen grains stick to the
bees, and they carry them to the stigma of other flowers.
3 BACTERIA, FUNGI, ALGAE AND PROTOZOA

7 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
1. Write the names of the five kingdoms of living things.
1. Match and explain how the stems grow.
Animal, plant, fungi, bacteria, the fifth kingdom.
1 Tuber. Tubers are subterranean stems. Part of the stem
2. Answer the questions. grows above the ground and part grows underground.
Bacteria can help make yoghurt, cheese and bread. 2 Rhizome. Rhizomes are specialised stems which extend
Fungi cannot move by themselves. horizontally below the ground.
3. Complete the sentences. 3 Stolen. Stolens are specialised stems which extend
horizontally above the ground from the mother plant.
Bacteria; microbes; unicellular; protozoa; multicellular.
2. Answer the questions.
4. Write T (true) or F (false).
A cutting is a fragment of a stem with a bud. It produces
F; F; F.
a new root and becomes a plant.
Grafting is when a fragment of one plant is joined to
4 PLANT CLASSIFICATION another plant. The grafted fragment grows exactly like the
plant it came from.
1. Complete the chart.
flowering plants; Non-flowering plants: mosses 3. What types of asexual reproduction in plants are useful
and ferns; Flowering plants: gymnosperms and inagriculture?
angiosperms. Many kinds are useful. For example, tuber: potatoes;
rhizome: onions; stolens: strawberries. Using cuttings
2. Write Angiosperm or Gymnosperm.
and grafting are also useful.
Angiosperm, angiosperm, gymnosperm, angiosperm.
3. Complete the sentences.
Mosses; ferns; non-flowering; Spores; plants; leaves.
5 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1. Label the parts of a plant.
Top to bottom: stomata; carbon dioxide; xylem vessels; root
hairs.
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8 ECOSYSTEMS 2. Which layer of the Earth does each thing belong to?
1. Complete the sentences. The water in a river: hydrosphere.
physical environment; living things; environment; modify. The rocks in a mountain: geosphere.
The air we breathe: atmosphere.
2. Look at the picture and answer the questions.
This ecosystem is made up of the physical environment 3. What part of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
and the living things which inhabit it. How does ozone protect the Earth?
People, seals, walruses, fish, and seagulls. The ozone layer is in the upper stratosphere. Ozone is a
gas that acts as a barrier against the Suns ultraviolet rays.
A giraffe could not live in this ecosystem because there
are no plants and the climate is too cold. Giraffes need
awarm climate and plants to eat. 12 THE EARTHS CRUST
People modify this ecosystem by building igloos from ice
1. Match.
and sawing holes in the ice for fishing. Birds and seals
eat many of the fish. 1 Water enters cracks in the rock and freezes.
2 When water freezes, it expands.
3 The rock breaks apart.
9 NUTRITION IN ECOSYSTEMS
Now, explain how water causes rocks to break down.
1. Number the living things in this food chain in order. Rainvwater enters the cracks in a rock. When the
1 Grass (producer). temperature is low, the water freezes. As the water
2 Grasshopper (primary consumer). freezes, it expands and breaks the rock apart.
3 Mouse (secondary consumer). 2. Number these processes in the correct order.
4 Fox (tertiary consumer). 1 Wind and water erode a mountain.
2. Write two examples for each type of consumer. M. A. 2 Wind carries the eroded material.
Primary consumer: aphid, sheep. 3 The material settles at the foot of another mountain.
Secondary consumer: frog, fox. 3. Copy the chart and write an example for each case. M. A.
Tertiary consumer: human being, tiger.
Rivers and
Wind Seawater
3. Complete the sentences. streams
food chains; species; webs. Erosion Rivers and Wind carries Seawater
streams loose soil and erodes the
erode river sand, eroding lower parts
10 PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT beds, slowly the lower part of of cliffs.
1. Write six factors that make up our environment. creating rocks.
M. A.: People, animals, buildings, parks, climate, water. valleys and
canyons.
2. Write a sentence about environmental problems using each
Transport Rivers and Wind picks up Seas carry
pair of words.
streams particles of sand sand and
M. A.: Deforestation occurs when people cut down trees carry sand from the ground pieces of
to make space for farmland. and pieces and carries them rock.
Hunting is one cause of the loss of biodiversity. of rock. in the air.
3. What human activities in the picture modify the Sedimentation Mud settles In the desert, Sand settles
environment? M. A. at the the wind at the
The tractor ploughing the land, the construction of bottom of carries sand bottom of
buildings, fences, streets, motorways, electrical power rivers and and deposits the ocean
lines, farm animals, etc. streams. it to form sand and on
dunes. beaches.
4. Explain why the loss of an animal or plant species in an
ecosystem is a serious problem. M. A.
It is a serious problem because all living things are part
of a food chain. When one species disappears, the living
things that feed on this species are affected.
11 THE EARTHS LAYERS

1. Complete the diagram.
Left labels: atmosphere: stratosphere; troposphere.
Right labels: geosphere: core; mantle; crust.
Below right: hydrosphere.
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13 ROCKS ON THE EARTHS CRUST 17 SPACE EXPLORATION

1. Complete the chart. 1. Complete the crossword puzzle.
Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies. 1 Apollo eleven 5 Rockets
Example: granite. 2 Sputnik 6 Space probes
Sedimentary rocks are formed from pieces of other rocks 3 Gagarin 7 Shuttles
orpieces of living things. Example: coal. 4 Mars 8 Neil Armstrong
Metamorphic rocks are formed when heat or pressure
changes the original rocks. Example: slate. 18 MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES
2. Write T (true) or F (false). 1. Write mass, volume or density.
T; F; T; T; F. Density is the relationship between the mass and the
volume of an object.
14 VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
1. Complete the sentences. Volume is the amount of space an object occupies.
energy; eruptions; Earthquakes; crust; crust; magma. Mass and volume are general properties of matter.
Density is a specific property of matter.
2. Label the parts of a volcano.
Left top to bottom: volcanic chimney; magma chamber. 2. Complete the chart.
Right top to bottom: crater; volcanic cone. Left column top to bottom:
Read the definitions and write the words. General properties
crater; volcanic chimney; lava; volcanic cone. mass, volume, temperature
grams or kilograms
15 THE SOLAR SYSTEM Right column top to bottom:
Specific properties
1. Read the definitions and write the words.
colour, hardness
Solar System; planets; asteroids; comets.
2. Complete the chart. 19 PURE SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES
Inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.
1. Correct these false sentences.
Outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Mixtures consist of two or more pure substances.
Dwarf planet: Pluto. Pure substances consist of just one type of matter.
3. Find and circle the two errors. Then, write the correct texts. Alloys are a type of homogeneous mixture.
Shooting stars are small celestial bodies the size of dust 2. How would you separate the different substances in these
or sand particles. They burn up as they enter the Earths mixtures? Choose the best answer. Explain. (M.A.)
atmosphere. Water and sawdust: filtration because with this method
Meteorites are bodies that are too large to burn up we can separate a liquid from a solid.
completely, so they crash into the Earth. Oil and water: decantation because with this method we
can separate two substances with different densities.
16 THE UNIVERSE Water and salt: evaporation because with this method
the water evaporates and leaves the salt.
THE SUN
Colour: yellow.
Size: medium-sized.
Luminosity: the most luminous star in the sky.
Brightness: the brightest star in the sky.
2. Complete the sentences.
galaxy; elliptical; spiral; irregular; Milky Way.
3. Explain the differences between a constellation
and a galaxy.
M. A.: A constellation is much smaller than a galaxy. It is a
group of stars that forms a pattern in the sky, for example,
Ursa Major. A galaxy may contain millions of stars. They
have different shapes, for example, the Milky Way is a
spiral galaxy.
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20 CHEMICAL CHANGES 2. Describe what is happening in the picture. M.A.

1. What is a chemical change? Write an example. M.A. The ball is moving. Friction between the ball and ground makes
A chemical change occurs when a substance changes into the ball slow down. Friction is a force between two surfaces
another substance, for example, when iron oxidises, it that slows down moving objects. Eventually, the ball will stop.
changes into rust. 3. Calculate the answer.
2. Look at the pictures and answer the questions. If a car takes four hours to travel 300 kilometres, its speed
What happens to the ice cubes? They melt. is 300 divided by 4: 75 kilometres per hour.
Can water change into ice? Yes, if we freeze water.
Can ice change into water? Yes, when ice melts. 23 GRAVITY AND MOVEMENT
Can wood change into ashes? Yes, if we burn it. 1. Circle the correct word and write the complete sentence.
Can ashes change into wood? No. A chemical change has Gravity is the force which attracts all bodies towards the
occurred. Earths surface.
Which picture shows a chemical change? Explain. When you throw a ball, gravity pushes the ball downwards.
The picture of the wood burning. It is an example of
combustion. 2. Explain what is happening to this moving ball M.A.
The force you use to throw a ball pushes the ball forward
21 CHANGES OF STATE and applies speed to it. At the same time, gravity pushes
the ball downwards. It starts to move downwards, faster
1. Write the changes of state. Then, circle the words in the and faster. The result of these two movements makes the
wordsearch. ball move in a curved direction.
A gas becomes a liquid: condensation.
A liquid slowly changes into a gas at a lower temperature 24 THE INNER PLATEAU
than boiling: evaporation.
A solid becomes a gas, without first becoming a liquid:
sublimation. MOUNTAIN RANGES ON THE INNER PLATEAU
A solid becomes a liquid: melting. Central Mountain Chain Mountains of Toledo
A liquid quickly changes into a gas when the substance Northern Sub-plateau Southern Sub-plateau
reaches a certain temperature: boiling. Now, look at the map and label the relief features of the
Inner Plateau.
C O N D E N S A T I O N
Northern Sub-plateau, Central Mountain Chain,
Q R A R V D E Q F C L B
Southern Sub-plateau, Mountains of Toledo.
O L N Y A W I M U H U D
A Y O S P E R T J E Y X 25 MOUNTAINS AND RIVER BASINS
C Z K V O V C A M N P M 1. Write the names.
S N J B R H F T N Y G E Mountains ranges surrounding the Inner Plateau: the
L T B O A L I R S P O L Mountains of Leon, the Cantabrian Range, the Iberian
P P K I T D S E R E P T Mountain Chain, the Sierra Morena.
S U B L I M A T I O N I River basins lying beyond the Inner Plateau: the
Guadalquivir river basin and the Ebro river basin.
M W L I O V T O N T U N
Mountain ranges lying beyond the Inner Plateau: the
B S W N N I R M G A H G
Galician Massif, the Basque Mountains, the Pyrenees,
Y O X G V T P G A T W A the Catalan Coastal Chain, the Baetic Mountain Chain.
2. What is reverse sublimation? Explain and write an example. Look at the map and label mountains and river basins.
M.A.
Top row: Cantabrian Chain, Basque Mountains, Pyrenees
This is when a gas becomes a solid, without first becoming Left column: Sierra Morena, Guadalquivir river basin
a liquid. For example, when air saturated with water vapour Right column: Ebro river basin, Baetic Chain
is cooled, it forms frost.
26 THE SPANISH COASTS AND ISLANDS
22 MOVEMENT AND SPEED 1. Use these names to label the coasts and archipelagos.
1. Answer the questions. A Cantabrian Sea, B Atlantic Ocean, C Balearic Islands,
What makes a body move, change direction or stop? DCanary Islands, E Mediterranean Sea.
A body moves, changes direction or stops when a force 2. Write the names of the islands.
acts upon it. Canary Archipelago: Lanzarote, La Palma, Tenerife,
How is speed calculated? To calculate speed, we divide Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Gran Canaria.
the distance by the time it takes to travel this distance. Balearic Archipelago: Menorca, Mallorca, Cabrera, Ibiza,
Formentera.
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27 THE CLIMATES OF SPAIN 2. Investigate and complete the index card about the River
1. Use the key and colour the map. Jucar. M.A.
See Student Book, page 107. Source: Iberian Mountain Chain
Mouth: Mediterranean Sea
28 THE MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE Watershed: Mediterranean
1. Match. Flow: not much water
Mediterranean climate: the dark grey area. Flow regime: irregular
Continental Mediterranean climate: the medium grey area.
Which regions of Spain have these climates? 32 THE POPULATION OF SPAIN
Mediterranean climate: the regions near the 1. Read the text and explain why it is not correct.
Mediterranean Sea, from Catalonia to Andalusia. It is not correct because natural growth is positive as the
The Balearic Islands, Ceuta and Melilla also have this birth rate is higher than the death rate. There are more
climate. Continental Mediterranean climate: the inland immigrants than emigrants, so migratory growth
regions of the Iberian Peninsula, including the Inner is positive.
Plateau and the Ebro river basin. 2. Write the provinces.
2. Describe temperature and precipitation for each type of Provinces with fewer than 10 inhabitants per km2: Soria and
climate. Teruel.
Mediterranean climate. Temperatures: mild. Precipitation: Provinces with more than 600 inhabitants per km2:
little rain especially in the summer. Barcelona and Madrid.
Continental Mediterranean climate. Temperatures:
more extreme, very low in summer and high in winter.
33 SERVICES
Precipitation: it normally rains in the spring and in the
autumn. 1. Complete the crossword puzzle.
1 Transport. 2 Trade. 3 Domestic. 4 Tertiary. 5 Exports.
29 OCEANIC, SUBTROPICAL AND MOUNTAIN CLIMATES 6Tourism. 7 Rural.
2. What are three types of transport? Give examples.
1. Read and write the type of climate.
M. A.
The climate in the northern regions: Oceanic climate.
Land transport: lorries. Sea transport: cargo ships.
The climate in the Canary Islands: Subtropical climate.
Air transport: aeroplanes.
The climate in mountain regions: Mountain climate.
2. Look at the temperatures and precipitations on the 34 THE TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION OF SPAIN
graphs. Write the climate.
1. Complete the charts.
Oceanic, Mountain, Subtropical.
Natural borders: North: Cantabrian Sea.
South: Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean.
30 RIVERS
East: Mediterranean Sea.
1. Read the definitions and write the names. West: Atlantic Ocean.
The route of a river from its source Political borders: North: France and Andorra.
to its mouth: course. South: Morocco.
The ground over which a river flows: riverbed. West: Portugal.
The amount of water a river carries: flow.
2. Label the borders of Spain on the map.
Bodies of flowing water which start in the mountains
A Atlantic Ocean; B Cantabrian Sea; C France; D Andorra;
when rain accumulates or snow melts: rivers.
E Portugal; F Mediterrean Sea; G Morroco
2. Label the picture.
Left column: reservoir, tributary, meander, delta.
Right column: upper, middle course, lower course.
31 THE WATERSHEDS OF SPAIN

1. Tick the correct answer.
Most rivers that flow into the Mediterranean are short
and do not carry much water.
The rivers in the Inner Plateau are the longest on the
Iberian Peninsula.
Rivers in the Cantabrian watershed are short and very
steep. They have regular, abundant flow regimes.
In the Canary Islands, there are gullies.
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35 THE POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS OF SPAIN 2. Look at the painting. Then, answer the question.
1. Tick the correct answer. Then, write the complete It is from the Neolithic Age because it shows a hunting
sentence. scene. It shows very simple figures.
Spain is a Parliamentary Monarchy. 3. Match.
The Head of State is the King. Polished stone tools Neolithic They made more
The Congress of Deputies and the Senate make up the sophisticated tools such as hoes and sickles.
Parliament. Simple tools from wood, bones and stone Palaeolithic
The President of the Government is elected by the Congress They hit one stone against another until they obtained the
of Deputies. shape they wanted.

38 THE METAL AGES
Made up of
Institution Duties 1. Look at the timeline. Why is it not correct?
(people)
The periods of Prehistory are not in the correct order.
Head of He is Commander-in-Chief The King
The correct order is Palaeolithic: 1,000,000 years ago.
State of the Spanish Armed
Forces. Neolithic: 7,000 years ago. The Metal Ages: 6,000 years ago.
He represents Spain in 2. Write Palaeolithic, Neolithic or Metal Ages.
its relations with other People lived in towns: Metal Ages.
countries.
People lived in villages: Neolithic.
Parliament It creates and approves the Congress
People lived in caves: Palaeolithic.
laws and controls the of Deputies
government. and the Senate People hunted and gathered fruit: Palaeolithic.
Government It governs the country in the President People farmed and kept animals: Neolithic.
accordance with the laws and the People became soldiers and traders: Metal Ages.
approved by parliament. ministers People built megalithic monuments: Metal Ages.
It also establishes
economic, social and People painted human figures on cave walls: Neolithic.
political objectives, People painted animals on cave walls: Palaeolithic.
and is responsible for They made tools from polished stone: Neolithic.
international relations.
They made tools from metal: Metal Ages.
Courts of They ensure that laws are judges and They made simple tools from stone: Palaeolithic.
Justice obeyed and judge anyone magistrates
accused of committing a
crime. 39 THE IBERIANS, THE CELTS AND THE FIRST COLONISTS
1. Use the key and colour the map. Then, answer the questions.
36 PREHISTORY: THE PALAEOLITHIC AGE See Student Book page 166.
1. Match. The Iberians lived in the south and east of the Peninsula.
The Celts lived in the centre of the Peninsula and on the
Prehistory is the first period in history and also the longest.
Atlantic coast.
Prehistory starts with the appearance of human beings and
M. A.: Iberian tribes: Bastetani, Edetani, Laietani.
ends with the appearance of writing.
Celtic tribes: Vettones, Astures, Cantabri.
Prehistory is divided into three periods: the Palaeolithic Age,
the Neolithic Age and the Metal Ages.
U S D G W R B N K S C G S
2. Complete the text.
P C A R T H A G I N I A N
In the Palaeolithic Age, human beings ate what they
S B K E Q S X I N A C D L
found in nature. They fished, hunted and gathered fruit.
These men and women were nomads, people who move P H O E N I C I A N W I L
continually, without settling in one place. They lived in R F L K T M V Y F C D R R
tribes, small groups formed by several families. They made T P X X V F L Z R N U Z Y
simple tools from animal bones, and they painted the inside M H F S A G U N T U M N M
of caves. W C A R T A G O N O V A B
37 THE NEOLITHIC AGE 2. Wordsearch. Circle the names of the three colonising
1. Write characteristics of human beings during civilizations. Circle one colony of each civilization. Then, write
the Neolithic Age. them down.
They were sedentary; they cultivated crops; they kept Greek: Saguntum; Carthaginian: Cartago Nova;
animals in stables; they wore clothes made of cloth. Phoenician: Gadir.
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40 ROMAN HISPANIA 2. Look at the photo. Is it a Romanesque or a Gothic church?
1. Read the definitions and write the words. Romanesque
A mixture of stones, cement and sand used in Roman W rite some differences between Romanesque and Gothic
construction: concrete. architecture.
The language spoken by the Romans: Latin. M. A. Gothic buildings are taller. The walls of Gothic buildings
are thinner than the walls of Romanesque buildings. There
The name the Romans gave to the Iberian Peninsula:
are more windows. Often the windows are made of stained
Hispania.
glass. The arches in Romanesque buildings are round, but
The official religion of the Roman Empire beginning in 380 the arches of Gothic buildings are pointed.
A. D.: Christianity.
The name of the wars fought between the Romans and the
Carthaginians: Punic Wars.
Pictures made with tiles of stone or coloured glass:
mosaics.
The only pre-Roman language which has survived: Basque.
People without rights who were owned by another person:
slaves.
Over 2,000 years ago, the Romans defeated the
Carthaginians and conquered the Iberian Peninsula. The
Romans called it Hispania.
The Romans divided Hispania into provinces. The Roman
language was Latin. The inhabitants of Hispania adopted
Roman customs. In 380 A.D., Christianity became the
official religion throughout the Roman Empire.
The Romans were excellent builders. They used two new
materials for building: cement and concrete. They decorated
floors and walls with paintings and mosaics.
41 THE BEGINNING OF THE MIDDLE AGES

1. Circle the correct answer. Then, write the sentence.
The Visigoths were a Germanic tribe.
The capital of the Visigoth kingdom was Toledo.
2. Write the correct dates. Then, number the sentences
chronologically: 1, 2 and 3.
1. In the year 711, Muslims invaded the Peninsula and
turned Al-Andalus into an emirate, a province which
depended on the caliph of Damascus.
2. In the year 756, Prince Abd-ar-Rahman I proclaimed
himself an independent emir and Al-Andalus separated
from Damascus.
3. In the year 929, the emir Abd-ar-Rahman III became a
caliph and established the caliphate of Cordoba.
3. Write the names of the Christian Kingdoms or counties in
the Iberian Peninsula at the beginning of the Middle Ages.
In Cantabria: The Kingdom of Asturias; The Kingdom of
Leon and the Kingdom of Castile
In the Pyrenees: the Kingdom of Navarre, the Kingdom of
Aragon and the Catalan Counties.
42 LIFE IN THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS

1. Complete.
Left column: privileged; noblemen, clergy.
Right column: non-privileged; peasants, craftsmen, merchants.
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Answer key EXTENSION
1 PARTS OF A CELL 5. Look at the picture. Name two types of adaptations of

1. Answer the questions. waterlillies. Explain. M. A.
The nucleus. The leaves of the water lily are large and convex so they
Cells need to carry out the life processes of nutrition, can float. The stems are flexible so they dont break in the
reproduction and sensitiviy because they are living things. current.
2. Look at the animal cell on the previous page. Label the

parts of this plant cell. 3 ECOSYSTEMS IN DANGER
Left top to bottom: cytoplasm; nucleus; endoplasmic 1. What does this map show?
reticulum; chloroplast.
It shows some of the richest and most endangered
Right top to bottom: ribosome; vacuole; mitochondrion; ecosystems on Earth.
cell wall.
Now, write about two differences you observed. 2. Find Spain on the map. Is there an ecosystem in danger
near Spain? Which one?
1.Animal cells have an irregular shape. Plant cells have
a regular shape. The Mediterranean Coast is in danger.
2.Plant cells have a hard cell wall around the membrane. 3. Complete the crossword puzzle.
3. Match the cell types with their functions. 6

Nerve: transmits messages and orders. Processes
information. 1 D E F O R E S T A T I O N
Bone: forms part of the bones.
Muscle: helps the body move. 2 A M A Z O N
Adipose: stores fat and protects body organs.
3 I N D I A N
Blood: transports oxygen and other substances throughout
the body.
4 B E R I N G
Sex (spermatozoid): takes part in reproduction.
Epithelial: makes up the skin and covers other parts of the 5 B A I K A L
body.
4. Research and write a brief report about an ecosystem near
2 PLANT ADAPTATION where you live. Include pictures or your own drawings. O. A.
Plants have to protect themselves from animals so the 4 VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
animals dont eat them.
Water is scarce in dry areas, so plants grow farther apart 1. Where do the names of the four types of eruptions
in order to have access to more water. come from?
Hawaiian: from volcanoes on the islands of Hawaii.
2. How do plants adapt to changes in the seasons? M. A.
Strombolian: from the Stromboli volcano in Italy.
Some plants produce flowers in spring. Seeds germinate
in spring. Fruit ripens in summer and autumn. Many trees Vulcanian: from Vulano, one of the Aeolian islands off the
lose their leaves in autumn. Bulbs hibernate underground coast of Italy.
in winter. Pelean: from Mount Pelee on the island of Martinique in the
Caribbean Sea.
3. Complete the chart with two examples for each type
ofadaptation. M. A. 2. Identify and label each type of volcanic eruption.
Adaptation to rainfall growing close together, growing A. Pelean, B. Vulcanian, C. Hawaiian, D. Strombolian.
far apart 3. Explain the difference between lava and magma.
Adaptation to soil ivy, Venuss navel Magma is liquid rock stored deep inside the Earth. When
magma comes to the surface, it is called lava.
Adaptation to fauna rose bushes, thyme
4. Ancient Romans worshipped a god named Vulcan. Find out
Structural adaptation cacti, olive trees who Vulcan was and fill in the information card.
God of fire and metal.
4. Look at the pictures. How have these plants adapted to low
rainfall or low light? M. A. Son of Jupiter and Juno.
Cactus stem: thick, fleshy stem for storing water. Husband of Venus.
Cactus roots: shallow roots which spread out to collect water. Lived under Mount Etna.
Ivy leaves: broad leaves to receive more sunlight. Answer the questions.
Ivy stem: vines which grow around the tree so they The Forge of Vulcan was painted by Diego Rodriguez de
receive sunlight from all directions. Silva y Velazquez. It is in the Prado Museum.
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5 STAR GAZING What were Archimedes most important contributions

to science? Besides the Archimedes Principle, he
1. Read and answer.
also discovered why pulleys work and invented the
A constellation is a group of stars that seems to form a compound pulley.
pattern in the sky. For example, Ursa Major, in the Northern
What does the word eureka mean? Eureka means Ive
Hemisphere.
found it. This word is used when we make a discovery
The Pole Star belongs to Ursa Minor also known as the or when we find a solution to something.
Little Dipper. It can be seen in the Northern Hemisphere.
Orion is the constellation of the hunter. His dog is the 7 NEWTONS APPLE
constellation Canis Major.
1. Answer the questions. M. A.
2. Connect the dots to draw five constellations. O. A.
Who was Isaac Newton?
Where is the Pole Star? Circle it and explain its position.
He is one of the greatest scientists in history. He
The Pole Star is at the end of the handle of the Little made important advances in the fields of physics,
Dipper. mathematics, and chemistry. He discovered
3. Write these words backwards to find out the names of some gravitational force, calculus and the three Universal
of the stars that make up the constellation of Orion. Laws of Motion.
1. esuegleteB: Betelgeuse What is gravity?
2. legiR: Rigel Gravity is the force which attracts all bodies towards
the Earths surface.
3. xirtalleB: Bellatrix
Why did a falling apple make Newton think of gravity?
4. akatniM: Mintaka
When Newton saw the apple fall to the ground, he
5. katimlA: Almitak
began to wonder why it fell towards the Earths surface.
6. malinlA: Alnilam He concluded that the force of gravity attracted all
7. hpiaS: Saiph bodies towards the centre of the Earth.
2. Read this newspaper story about the apple tree that

6 EUREKA inspired Isaac Newton.
1. Read and tick the correct answer. What other forces do you know about? Write.
How did Archimedes find out that the goldsmith had M. A. The force of friction, magnetic force, contact
cheated Hieron? Because both bowls contained the same forces, etc.
amount of water.
3. Apples play a role in many historical events and legends.
What did Archimedes base his conclusions on? Two Match.
equal masses of the same substance have the same
Eve and the apple: The expulsion from paradise.
volume.
Paris and the golden apple: The Trojan War.
2. Why is the block of lead smaller than the block of cork if
Newtons apple: The law of universal gravitation.
they both have the same mass? Explain.
William Tells apple: The independence of Switzerland.
The block of lead is smaller because it has less volume. It
occupies less space than the block of cork. Do you know any other story in which an apple plays an
important role? O.A.
3. Look at the pictures of the ring in the liquid. Why is the
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
second picture wrong?
What kind of plant is the apple tree? O.A.
Because if we put an object in a liquid, the volume of
the liquid plus the object is greater, not smaller, than the Apple trees are deciduous. (They lose their leaves in the
volume of the liquid alone. autumn). Apple trees are angiosperms because they have
flowers.
Calculate the density of the ring. Its mass is 30 grams.
Its volume is 1.5 cm3.
8 TENEGUIA, A VERY YOUNG MOUNTAIN
The density is 20 grams per cubic centimetre.
(30 divided by 1.5 = 20) 1. Answer.
4. Look for information and answer the questions. M. A. What happened? The volcano Cumbre Vieja erupted. So
much lava flowed out of the volcanos cone that it formed
Who was Archimedes? Where was he born?
a new mountain: the Teneguia.
Archimedes was a mathematician, physicist, engineer,
astronomer and inventor. He was born in Syracuse, Where did it happen? On La Palma in the Canary Islands.
Italy. When did it happen? On 18th November 1971.
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Answer keyEXTENSION
2. Read, then complete the chart.

European volcanoes Non-European volcanoes
Name Mount Vesuvius Mount Etna Mauna Kea Krakatoa
Country Italy Italy The United States of America Indonesia
Height 1,279 metres 3,322 metres 4,205 metres 813 metres
This volcano In 79 A.D., it buried In 1883 an explosion
It is the most active It is the tallest volcano
is famous Hurculaneum, Pompeii killed over 30,000
volcano in Europe. in the world.
because and Stabiae. people.
9 THE AZORES ISLANDS 2. What rivers flow through the Batuecas National Park? What
watershed do they belong to?
1. Tick the correct answer.
The Rivers Francia, Alagon, Agadon and Batuecas. They
The Azores Islands belong to Portugal.
belong to the Atlantic watershed.
The Canary Islands make up part of Macaronesia.
3. Why can rivers of different river basins be in the same
Ponta do Pico volcano is the highest peak in Portugal.
watershed? Explain.
The Azores high pressure system is responsible for
M.A. A watershed is an area where there can be several
good weather in the Iberian Peninsula.
rivers and their river basins. All the rivers are in the same
2. Why do we associate good weather with dry, hot weather? watershed because they flow into the same sea.
O. A.
4. Circle the names of the main tributaries of the River Duero
3. Make a chart from this data. and the River Tagus. Then, classify them.
C l/m2 Tributaries of the River Tagus: Guadarrama, Tietar, Alberche,
30 120 Jarama and Alagon.
110
Tributaries of the River Duero: Pisuerga, Tormes,
25 100
Valderaduey, Adaja and Esla.
90
20 80 5. Look for this information: Where is Babia? In which
70 Autonomous Community is it located? What is the main
15 60 river that flows through this Autonomous Community?
50 Babia is in the province of Leon in the Autonomous
10 40 Community of Castile and Leon. The main river that flows
30 through Castile and Leon is the River Duero.
5 20
10
11 SPAINS AGEING POPULATION
0 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D 1. Read and answer.
months
Why has the Spanish population aged in recent decades?
4. At what time of year does the Azores High affect Spain the The Spanish population has aged in recent decades
most? Explain. because of the lower birth rate and higher life expectancy.
In the spring and summer, because this is when the What is the life expectancy today for a baby born in Spain?
weather in Spain is hot and dry. The life expectancy today for a baby born in Spain is 81 years.
2. The Spanish population is getting older. What are some of
10 THE BATUECAS NATIONAL PARK the consequences?
1. Read, think and answer. Give examples. M. A.
In which province is Batuecas National Park? Salamanca. Fewer child day care centres and schools are needed. More
What Autonomous Community does this province belong retirement centres and nursing homes are needed. More
to? Castile and Leon. hospitals and health care centres need to specialise in
caring for older people. More people will need to retire later,
When did humans first settle in the Batuecas area?
when they are over 65. Pensions may be affected.
4,000 years ago.
What is the name of this period of history? The Neolithic 3. Match.
Age. A statistical study of a human population: demographics.
What religious order founded the Batauecas Monastery? The ratio between births and the population: birth rate.
In what century was it founded? The Carmelite order The ratio between deaths and the population: death rate.
founded the monastery in the 15th century.
The number of inhabitants per square kilometre: population
What protected species are found in Batuecas National density.
Park? The wolf, the lynx, the royal eagle and the black stork.
Moving from one country to another: international
emigration / immigration.
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4. Make population pyramids. 5. Complete the timeline with the name of the human species.
Age
5,000,000 years ago: Australopithecus.
Men groups Women 3,000,000 years ago: Homo habilis
300,000 85+ 600,000 1,600,000 years ago: Homo erectus.
500,000 80-84 700,000
700,000 75-79 1,000,000 800,000 years ago: Homo antecessor.
900,000 70-74 1,000,000
900,000 65-69 1,000,000 200,000 years ago: Homo neanderthalensis
1,100,000 60-64 1,000,000 150,000 years ago: Homo sapiens sapiens or Cro-Magnon.
1,300,000 55-59 1,300,000
1,400,000 50-54 1,400,000
1,700,000 45-49 1,700,000
1,900,000
2,000,000
40-44
35-39
1,800,000
1,900,000
14 THE ROMAN LEGIONS
2,100,000 30-34 2,000,000
1,900,000 25-29 1,800,000 1. How was the Roman army organised? Look at the
1,500,000 20-24 1,400,000 organigram and complete the key.
1,200,000 15-19 1,000,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
10-14
5-9
1,000,000
1,000,000
Left column: legion; cohort. Right column: maniple; century.
1,200,000 0-4 1,100,000
3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 population 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 2. Match.
Lorica chest protection; pilum spear in his right hand;
gladius sword at his waist; scutum shield in his left
12 ORGANISATION OF SPAIN hand; greave protection on his shins.
1. Read, think and explain.
3. Look at this Roman army camp. Then read the definitions
What is a referendum? A referendum is when citizens vote and write the words.
yes or no on a law or proposal.
Gate opposite the main entrance: Porta decumana.
Name four of the national institutions of Spain: the Head
Ditch to protect the camp: Fossa.
of State, the Parliament, the Government and the Courts of
Justice. Defensive barrier made of wood: Vallum.
How is Spains territory organised? In Spain, there are 50 Space between the tents and the vallum: Intervallum.
provinces. There are 17 Autonomous Communities and Generals large tent: Praetorium.
two Autonomous Cities. Soldiers tents: Tentoria.
2. Complete the index card about your province. M. A. Gate on the left: Port principalis sinistra.
Name: Malaga; Capital: Malaga; Autonomous Community: Gate on the right: Port principalis dextra.
Andalusia; Borders: Provinces of Cadiz, Seville, Cordoba Road crossing from the left to the right side of the camp:
and Granada and the Mediterranean Sea Via principalis.
3. Complete the crossword puzzle. Road going from the main entrance to the rear entrance:
1 Constitution; 2 Mallorca; 3 President; 4 Deputies; 5 Via praetoria
Merida; 6 Melilla; 7 Inter-island Council; 8 King; 9 Andorra;
10 Senate; 11 Parliament. 15 THE WAY OF ST JAMES
13 OUR ANCESTORS What have been the main destinations of pilgrimages
1. Tick the correct answer. since the Middle Ages?
They are our first ancestors: Australopithecus. Jerusalem, Rome and Santiago de Compostela.
They were the first human beings to make tools: Homo habilis. Why do people make pilgrimages to these places?
The passion and crucifixion of Jesus Christ happened in
They discovered fire: Homo erectus.
Jerusalem. Rome is home to the Pope and the place where
We belong to this species: Homo sapiens sapiens. Saint Peter died. It is believed that the remains St James
2. When did Homo antecessor live? Where can we find some are buried in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela.
of their remains? 2. What is a relic? What relic is in the Cathedral of Santiago
Homo antecessor lived 800,000 years ago, in the de Compostela? Find out and explain.
Paleolithic Age. Some remains of this species are in A relic is a body part or a personal item of a saint. The relic
Atapuerca in the province of Burgos. in Santiago de Compostela is the remains of the body of
3. Match. the apostle Saint James.
Homo habilis: walked upright; 3 million years ago. 3. Use the key and colour the different routes of the Way of
Homo neanderthalensis: buried their dead; 200,000 years ago. St James.
Homo sapiens sapiens: had highly developed brains; Solid, dark line: French Way (red); Solid, light line: Northern
150,000 years ago. Way (blue); Arch shaped dashed line: Primitive Way (green);
Homo erectus: discovered fire; 1,600,000 years ago. Vertical dashed line: Silver Way (yellow).
4. What species of Homo is this? Explain. 4. Look at the parts of the Portico de la Gloria. Now, write
This is homo erectus because he is carrying a torch. Homo T (true) or F (false).
erectus discovered fire. T; T; T; T.
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Diagnostic tests
1 The human body and health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
2 Living things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
3 Protecting the environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
4 Matter, energy and machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
5 Population, economy and maps . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
6 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Individual results chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
ANSWER KEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
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1 The human body and health DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
Hard, strong, rigid organs that form the skeleton.
A place where bones join together.
Elastic organs which hold moveable joints together.
2 Label the diagram. Colour the organs which are part of the digestive system.
3 Look at the diagram. How does the brain allow us to see?
4 Write a sentence about healthy habits using these words.
hygiene rest exercise good posture healthy diet

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1

The respiratory system continually moves blood around the body.
Blood circulates through blood vessels.
The stomach is the organ that pumps blood to all parts of the body.
Arteries, veins and capillaries are blood vessels.
The kidneys clean blood and produce urine.
6 Look at the food wheel and answer the questions.
Name the food groups in the food wheel.
What types of food should we eat a lot of?
Give three examples of food we should only eat a little of.
7 Write the four main stages of life.

Women can have children.
Our milk teeth fall out.
A boys voice gets deeper.
Our bones become fragile.
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2 Living things DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
1 Look at the pictures. What life processes can you see? Explain.
The life process is nutrition because the rabbit is eating.
2 Label the parts of the flower.
stamen
stigma
sepal
petal
3 Label the diagram.
Plants need Plants produce
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2
4 Write some differences between vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
They breathe
through
Their body is
covered with
Their limbs
are
Their reproduction
is
6 Match.
mollusc
arthropod
jellyfish
earthworm
7 Label the parts of the insect.
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3 Protecting the environment DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
1 Describe the Earths orbit.
2 Name the four Moon phases.
freezing melting condensation evaporation

solid liquid gas
4 Read about the water cycle. Number the sentences in order.
Water vapour condenses and forms clouds. Wind moves the clouds over the land.
Rain falls into rivers and goes to the sea. Some rain goes into the ground as groundwater.
Water from clouds falls as rain, snow or hail. 1 Water from the sea evaporates.
5 Look at the pictures. Write three properties of air.

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3
6 Complete the definitions.

refers to temperature, wind and precipitation
at a particular time and place.
is the typical weather pattern in one area over a long time.
7 Tick the true sentences.
All minerals are made up of only one substance. Minerals are the solid part of the Earth.
Rocks are made up of only one mineral. Rocks are the solid part of the Earth.
8 What is soil? Explain.
Which living thing is the producer?
Which living thing is the secondary consumer?
10 Label the picture.
bay mountain river cape plain cliff

11 Describe the relief of your Autonomous Community or City.

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4 Matter, energy and machines DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
1 Match.
Mass Everything around us is made of this.

Matter The amount of space an object occupies.

Volume The amount of matter in an object.

2 Are these examples of a physical change or a chemical change?
Water freezes. Butter melts.

Iron rusts. A candle burns.
3 Write a material for each property.
strong elastic
flexible transparent
4 What type of energy do they have?
food lightning
uranium petrol
Energy sources
renewable
for example for example
petroleum

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4
6 Is this sentence true? Explain.

White light is made up of all the colours of light.
7 Complete the sentence.
The primary colours of light are
8 Match the types of simple machines.
pulley lever ramp

one or few parts ramp pulley simple compound

lever two or more simple machines working together

Machines
can be

are made up of are made up of

for example

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carpenter farmer
5 Population, economy and maps DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
1 Tick the correct option.

A municipality is made up of
one or several provinces.
one or several cities or towns governed by a local council.
A comarca is
larger than a municipality. smaller than a municipality.
The basic services in a comarca are located in

the oldest municipality.
the municipality with the best means of transport and communication.
A province is made up of
many municipalities. an Autonomous Community.
Spain is divided into

two Autonomous Communities and 17 Autonomous Cities.
17 Autonomous Communities and two Autonomous Cities.
2 Write the difference between natural growth and migratory growth.
3 Match.
Makes the laws and approves the budgets European Parliament

of an Autonomous Community.
Responsible for organising municipal Autonomous

services. Community Parliament
Proposes laws for the member countries. Local Council
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5
4 Write the definitions and jobs in the correct box.
Obtains resources directly from nature. miner architect

Provides services for people. shoemaker lawyer
Transforms raw materials into manufactured products. carpenter farmer
Economic sector Definition Jobs
Primary sector
Secondary sector
Tertiary sector
5 Look at the map. In which direction should you walk to reach these places?
Dor Wood
River Severn Mount Sky Green Wood

Upton N
Middletown
W E
Blue Lake Church Town S
From Upton to Middletown:

From Mount Sky to Blue Lake:
From Church Town to Mount Sky:
6 Match the scales to the maps.

N
N
W E Puig W E Menorca
Puig Major
Major e ge
ng aR
an
Ra
S S an
nt
n a m
u
ta Tra
un
m
Tra Mallorca
Eivissa/Ibiza
Mallorca Mediterranean
Mediterranean Sea 0 47
0 25
Sea Kilometres Formentera Kilometres
0 10
If the scale is , will Mallorca appear larger or smaller? Explain.
127679_FsicodeMallorca_BIS
127679_FsicodeMallorca
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6 History DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
1 Look at the picture. Circle five errors.

Why are they errors?
2 Match.
Millenium Decade Century

10 years 1,000 years 100 years

Write the century.

69 1115 1789
203 1456 1894
3 What is a timeline?
4 Make your own timeline.
Date Event
I was born.

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6
5 Number in order from the oldest to the most recent.
Many thousands
2,000 years ago 1,000 years ago
of years ago
People lived in
People travelled in/on
Historical remains
7 Look at the picture. What period in history does it represent? Explain.
8 Write one example for each.

An important monument in your Autonomous Community or City:

A famous historic person from your Autonomous Community or City:
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Name Date
Yes NP* Comments

The human body and health
Identify the function of bones, muscles
and joints.
Understand a diagram of the human body.
Identify the organs of the digestive,
respiratory and circulatory systems.
Explain how the brain allows us to see.
Recognise the components of the
digestive system.
Identify healthy habits.
Recognise what makes up a healthy diet.
Identify the four main stages of life.
Living things
Identify and describe life processes.
Identify the parts of a flower.
Understand how plants make food.
Differentiate invertebrates from
vertebrates.
Name the main characteristics of
vertebrates
Recognise molluscs, arthropods, jellyfish
and earthworms.
Identify the parts of an insect.
Protecting the environment

Describe the Earths orbit and name the
four phases of the Moon.
Identify the processes involved in the
changes of state of water.
Describe the water cycle.
Identify rocks and minerals.
Describe the components of soil.
Identify producers and consumers.
Identify features of landscapes.
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Yes NP* Comments
Matter, energy and machines

Describe the properties of mass, matter
and volume.
Identify examples of physical and
chemical changes.
Recognise the physical properties of
some materials.
Identify types of energy sources.
Differentiate renewable from
non-renewable sources of energy.
Describe white light and know the primary
colours of light.
Differentiate between simple and
compound machines.
Population, economy and maps

Differentiate between municipalities,
comarcas, etc.
Differentiate natural growth from
migratory growth.
Recognise the responsibilities of political
organisations.
Distinguish between the three main
economic sectors.
Know how to use the points of a compass
to find directions.
Interpret scales on maps.
History
Relate historic remains to different
periods in history.
Relate people and inventions to their time
in history.
NP: Needs practice.
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Answer key DIAGNOSTIC TEST
1 THE HUMAN BODY AND HEALTH

1. Read the definitions and write the words.
Bones, joints, muscles.
2. Label the diagram. Colour the organs which are part of the digestive system.
Left column: lungs, heart; right column: mouth, stomach, intestines. Colour: mouth, stomach, intestines.
3. Look at the diagram. How does the brain allow us to see?
The eye captures information which is sent to the brain. The optic nerve sends this information from the eyes
to the brain. The brain receives and interprets this information. This is how we see.
4. Write a sentence about healthy habits using these words.
M. A.: Some good habits are hygiene, rest, exercise, good posture and a healthy diet.
F; T; F; T; T.
6. Look at the food wheel and answer the questions.
Six groups: cereals, fats, proteins, dairy products, vegetables, fruits. We should eat a lot of the foods that appear
larger in the food wheel. We should eat only a little of the foods that appear smaller in the food wheel.
M. A.: Cookies, meat and cheese.
7. Write the four main stages of life.
Women can have children: adulthood; Our milk teeth fall out: childhood; A boys voice gets deeper: adolescence;
Our bones become fragile: old age.
2 LIVING THINGS
1. Look at the pictures. What life processes can you see? Explain.
The life process is nutrition because the rabbit is eating.
Sensitivity because the cat is reacting to something it sees.
Reproduction because the turtle is laying eggs, which will be offspring.
2. Label the parts of the flower.
Left column: petal, stigma; right column: stamen, sepal.
3. Label the diagram.
Plants need: carbon dioxide, sunlight, minerals and water. Plants produce: oxygen and food for other living things.
4. Write some differences between vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
Vertebrates have skeletons made up of bones. For example: mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and amphibians.
Invertebrates are animals without bones. For example: jellyfish, worms, molluscs and arthropods.
Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
They breathe through gills gills and lungs lungs lungs lungs
Their body is covered with scales they have bare skin scales feathers hair or fur
wings and most have four
Their limbs are fins legs legs
legs legs
Their reproduction is oviparous oviparous oviparous oviparous viviparous
6. Match.
Left column: jellyfish, arthropod; right column: mollusc, earthworm.
7. Label the parts of the insect.
Left column: head, thorax, leg(s); right column: antenna(e), wing(s), abdomen.
3 PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT
1. Describe the Earths orbit.
The Earths orbit is when the Earth orbits the Sun. We call this movement revolution. This takes 365 days.
Revolution causes the seasons.
2. Name the four Moon phases.
New moon, waxing moon, full moon and waning moon.
Top labels: melting, evaporation; bottom labels: freezing, condensation.
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4. Read about the water cycle. Number the sentences in order.

1. Water from the sea evaporates. 2. Water vapour condenses and forms clouds.
3. Wind moves the clouds over the land. 4. Water from clouds falls as rain, snow or hail.
5. Rain falls into rivers and goes to the sea. 6. Some rain goes into the ground as groundwater.
5. Look at the pictures. Write three properties of air.
Air is invisible. Air occupies space. Air has weight.
6. Complete the definitions.
Weather. Climate.
7. Tick the true sentences.
All minerals are made up of only one substance. Rocks are the solid part of the Earth.
8. What is soil? Explain.
Soil is the top layer of the Earths surface, it is made up of water, air, the remains of rocks, animals and plants.
9. Look at the picture and answer the questions.
The grass is the producer. The owl is the secondary consumer.
10. Label the picture.
Left column: mountain, bay, cape; right column: river, plain, cliff.
11. Describe the relief of your Autonomous Community or City. O. A.
4 MATTER, ENERGY AND MACHINES
1. Match.
Mass: The amount of matter in an object. Matter: Everything around us is made of this. Volume: The amount of
space an object occupies.
2. Are these examples of a physical change or a chemical change?
Water freezes: physical change. Iron rusts: chemical change. Butter melts: physical change. A candle burns:
chemical change.
3. Write a material for each property.
M. A.: Strong: steel. Flexible: leather. Elastic: rubber. Transparent: glass.
4. What type of energy do they have?
Food: chemical energy. Uranium: nuclear energy. Lightning: electrical energy. Petrol: chemical energy.
5. Complete the chart. M.A.
Renewable: for example, sunlight, wind. Non-renewable: for example, petroleum, coal.
6. Is this sentence true? Explain.
True, because if we hold a glass prism up to a white wall, when white light passes through the prism, we can see
all the colours of the rainbow on the wall.
7. Complete the sentence.
The primary colours of light are red, green and blue.
8. Match the types of simple machines.
From left to right: pulley, ramp, lever.
Machines can be simple: are made up of very few parts, for example, the inclined plane, the pulley, the lever.
Machines can be compound: are made up of two or more simple machines working together.
5 POPULATION, ECONOMY AND MAPS
1. Tick the correct option.
A municipality is made up of one or several cities or towns governed by a local council.
A comarca is larger than a municipality.
Basic services in a comarca are located in the municipality with the best means of transport and
communication.
A province is made up of many municipalities.
Spain is divided into 17 Autonomous Communities and two Autonomous Cities.
2. Write the difference between natural growth and migratory growth.
Natural growth is the difference between the number of people who are born in an area in one year and the
number of people who die. Migratory growth is the difference between the number of immigrants who come to live
in a place and the number of emigrants who leave.
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3. Match.
Makes the laws and approves the budgets of an Autonomous Community: Autonomous Community Parliament.
Responsible for organising municipal services: Local council.
Proposes laws for the member countries: European Parliament.
4. Write the definitions and jobs in the correct box.
Economic sector Definition Jobs
miner
Primary sector Obtains resources directly from nature.
farmer
shoemaker
Secondary sector Transforms raw materials into manufactured products.
carpenter
architect
Tertiary sector Provides services for people.
lawyer
5. Look at the map. In which direction should you walk to reach these places?
From Upton to Middletown: You should walk east. From Mount Sky to Blue Lake: You should walk south.
From Church Town to Mount Sky: You should walk north.
6. Match the scales to the maps.
The 0__25 scale belongs to the map of Mallorca, the 0__47 scale belongs to the Balearic Islands.
Mallorca Island will appear larger because each centimetre is equal to 10 kilometres in reality.
6 HISTORY
1. Look at the picture. Circle five errors.
The athlete, the motorbike, the helicopter, the mobile and the armoured soldier. M. A.: They are errors because at
that time, they were either from the future or from the past.
2. Match.
Millenium 1,000 years, decade 10 years, century 100 years.
69: the 1st century, 1115: the 12th century; 1789: the 18th century; 203: the 3rd century; 1456: the 15th century;
1894: the 19th century.
3. What is a timeline?
A timeline is a drawing which shows important events in chronological order (the order in which they happened).
4. Make your own timeline.
O. A.
5. Number in order from the oldest to the most recent.
2, 5, 1, 4, 3, 6.
Many thousands of years ago 2,000 years ago 1,000 years ago
Noblemen lived in castles.
caves or simple huts, later
People lived in domus, insulae and villas. Peasants lived in huts built
in villages.
in villages near the castle.
on foot, on horseback, in on foot, on horseback, in
People travelled on foot, in carts and in
horse-drawn carriages and horse-drawn carriages, and
in/on sailboats.
in sailboats. in sailboats.
Theatres, circuses,
Cave paintings, simple Romanesque and Gothic
Historical remains temples, bath houses,
tools and clay pots. churches.
aqueducts, and Latin.
7. Look at the picture. What period in history does it represent? Explain.
It is from Medieval times, 1,000 years ago. M. A.: During this age, noblemen lived in castles built on hills. The
castles had guard towers and were surrounded by walls made of thick stones.
8. Write one example for each.
O. A.
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Assessment
Unit Unit
assessments tests
1 Living things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 142
2 The plant kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 143
3 Protecting the environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 144
4 The Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 145
5 The Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 146
6 Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 147
7 Forces and movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 148
8 The relief of Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 149
9 The climates of Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 150
10 The rivers of Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 151
11 Population and the economy of Spain . . . . . . . 132 152
12 Institutions of Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 153
13 Prehistory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 154
14 Ancient history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 155
15 The Middle Ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 156
Term assessments
Term 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Term 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Term 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Term tests
Term 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Term 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Term 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Answer keys
Unit assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Term assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
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1 Living things ASSESSment
Name Date

What is a cell?
Why are cells living things?
2 Label the parts of a cell.
3 How are plant cells different from animal cells? Explain.

Where are unicellular living things found?

How can we see unicellular living things?
5 Write in order from the simplest to the most complex.
system organ cell organism tissue

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1
6 Match.
tissue a group of similar cells

organism a group of similar tissues

system a group of similar organs

organ a group of various systems

7 Why are bacteria called microbes? Write two examples for each.
Helpful bacteria:
Harmful bacteria:
8 Write the name of the kingdom.
They depend on other organisms for food. They are fixed to something; they cannot move by themselves.

They eat other living things and can move from one place to another.

They use sunlight and substances from the soil and air to make their own food.

The smallest and most abundant of all living things.

Why are viruses not included in any of the five kingdoms?
What kingdom do algae belong to?
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2 The plant kingdom ASSESSment
Name Date

Plants
flowering
mosses

What are spores?
What plants have spores?
3 How are angiosperms different from gymnosperms? Explain.
4 Look at the picture. How would you classify this plant?

The process plants use to make their own food.
Carbon dioxide enters through these tiny pores situated
on the underside of the leaves.
Chlorophyll is found in these special organelles inside plant cells.
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2
6 Circle the picture that shows photosynthesis.

Carbon Carbon
dioxide dioxide
Oxygen Oxygen
Now, explain your choice.
7 Look at the pictures. Explain the process of pollination and how it can happen in two ways.
Anther Pistil
8 Read the text and cross out the three errors.

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen of one flower to the shoot of another flower. After
pollination, seeds and fruit begin to grow. Fruit forms from the ovule. Then, seeds are formed from the
ovary.
9 Label the type of asexual reproduction.

A B C
10 How do plants carry out the proces of sensitivity? Give examples.

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3 Protecting the environment ASSESSment
Name Date
1 What is an ecosystem? Explain.

2 Can a pond be an ecosystem? Explain.
3 Write a definition for each word.

Population

Habitat

Community
4 Which factors influence living things in these environments?
Terrestrial Aquatic

5 Number the pictures in order to make a food chain.
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3
6 Write an example for each.

Producer
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumer
7 What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
8 Match.
Parasites Animals that eat the dead bodies of other animals.

Predators Animals that hunt other animals for food.

Scavengers Animals that feed off other living things without killing them.

9 Explain how people affect the environment.
10 What can responsible governments do to protect the environment?

Write an example of a protected area.
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4 The Earth ASSESSment
Name Date
The is the layer of air which surrounds the Earth.
The is the solid part of the Earth.
The is all the water on Earth.
2 Label the layers of the geosphere.
B C
3 Now, write the characteristics of each layer.
4 Number the processes of weathering in order.
River water deposits the pieces of eroded soil and rock material in other places.
River water carries pieces of eroded soil and rock material.
The river erodes soil and rock material from the river bed.
5 Look at the picture. Explain how this geographical feature was made.
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4
6 What are the three components of soil?
7 Write a definition for each.

A volcanic eruption

An earthquake

8 Label the parts of a volcano.

Types of rocks, depending on how they are formed

for example for example for example

10 What is the rock cycle? Explain.

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5 The Universe ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Write the names of the planets in order, starting with the closest to the Sun.
1. 5.
2. 6.
3. 7.
4. 8.
Which planets in the Solar System are mainly composed of gas?
Which planets in the Solar System have a rocky surface?
Which are the two planets closest to the Earth?
3 What is the difference between a satellite and a dwarf planet?
The Moon is a satellite of the planet , which belongs to the
System.
The only star of the Solar System is the , which belongs to a galaxy
called the .
5 What are comets? When do they show a bright tail?
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5

The Earth is the brightest celestial body in the sky.
The Milky Way is an elliptical shaped galaxy.
Constellations are giant spheres of gas. In their interior, they produce enormous amounts of energy.
The Kuiper Belt is made up of asteroids.
A collection of thousands or millions of stars.
Small celestial bodies that burn up as they enter the Earths

atmosphere.
Small, rocky objects that orbit the Sun.
A group of stars that forms a pattern in the sky.
8 Write the four properties of stars.
9 What kind of celestial body is this? What are its characteristics?

Who is Neil Armstrong?
What was the name of the first artificial satellite launched into space?
Who was Yuri Gagarin?
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6 Matter ASSESSment
Name Date
1 What are general properties of matter? Give three examples.
2 Name three specific properties of matter.
3 Write the names of the units we use to measure.
The amount of matter in an object.
The amount of space an object occupies.
4 Explain the difference between mass and volume.
5 Look at the picture. Which substance is the densest? Explain.
oil

water
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6
6 Tick the correct box.
Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture Pure substance
Seawater
Granite
Sugar
Soil
Steel
Water
7 What method would you use to separate the substances in each mixture?
Water and oil
Sand and iron filings
Water and coffee grounds

is when a gas becomes a liquid.
is when a liquid becomes a gas.
is when a liquid becomes a solid.
is when a solid becomes a liquid.
is when a solid becomes a gas, without first becoming a liquid.
9 If we wash a glass and leave it to drain, a while later the glass will be dry. What happened to the water
on the glass?
10 Write change of state or chemical change.

Paper burns and changes into ashes.
Iron oxidises and changes into rust.
Clothes are hung out to dry in the Sun.
Lava cools and changes into hard rock.
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7 Forces and movement ASSESSment
Name Date
1 What is friction?
2 Read and answer the question.

As a cyclist approaches a stop sign, he stops pedalling.
However, the bicycle keeps moving.
What must the cyclist do to stop the bicycle? Explain.
3 Look at the picture. Answer the question.

Why is it so difficult to stop when ice skating?
4 Draw arrows to show movement and the force of friction.
5 Solve the problem.
A motorist drives 100 kilometres

in one hour. How many kilometres
will he drive in three hours if he
maintains the same speed?
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7
6 What is gravity?
7 Look at the picture. What force makes the ball fall? Explain.
8 Draw the direction in which the ball will move.
A Why kind of machine are they using?

What is this machine used for?

B
In which picture does the boy need to use less force?
Explain.
10 What is a third-class lever? Give an example.

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8 The relief of Spain ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Which territories make up Spain?
2 Name the three rivers that cross the Inner Plateau.
3 Name the two mountain ranges on the Inner Plateau.
4 Read and underline the two mistakes.

The Guadalquivir river basin is in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula.
It is triangular in shape. The River Guadalquivir flows across it, and it is surrounded
by the Baetic Mountain Chain, the Pyrenees and the Atlantic Ocean.
5 Name the five mountain ranges which lie beyond the Inner Plateau.
6 Read and name the mountain range.

A mountain range in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. The mountains are not very high,
less than 1,300 metres. There are few valleys between these mountains.
This complicates transport networks between the Inner Plateau and Andalusia.
The name of this mountain range is
7 What two seas or oceans bathe the Galician coast? Describe this coast.
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8

What are Spains two large archipelagos?

What is the highest peak in Spain? Where is it?

What is the largest island of the Balearic archipelago?
9 Describe the relief of your Autonomous Community or Autonomous City.
10 Complete the map with the names of the relief features.
N Cantabrian Sea
A
W E B
C
S
D
ATLANTIC
OCEAN E
Scale
0 81
Kilometres
G
a
H n Se
ATLANTIC OCEAN a nea
it err
Med
M a r C a n t b
Top Science 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L.
r i c o 127
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9 The climates of Spain ASSESSment
Name Date
1 What is climate?
2 What factors affect climate?
3 Read and name the climate.
In inland Spain, on the Inner Plateau and in the Ebro river basin,
temperatures are extreme because these regions are a long way from the coast.
Winter temperatures can be 4 C, while summer temperatures are around 23 C.
Precipitation normally occurs in spring and autumn. Rainfall is about 400 l/m2 during the year.
The climate is
4 Cross out the plants that are not typical of Mediterranean forests.
holm oak tabaibas eucalyptus fir tree lavender oak tree rosemary

5 Which climate is shown in the climate graph?

C l/m2
30
25
20
15
10
5
40
30
0 20
10
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
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9
Continental
Mediterranean Oceanic Subtropical Mountain
Mediterranean
climate climate climate climate
climate
Temperatures mild
Precipitation little rain
7 Look at the picture of vegetation in the Canary Islands. Why is it not correct?
laurel
tabaiba forest

Canary Islands pine
8 What is the climate? Use the key and colour.
Red Mediterranean climate
Yellow Continental Mediterranean climate
Green Oceanic climate
Blue Mountain climate
Orange Subtropical climate
9 Write about the vegetation in your Autonomous Community or Autonomous City.
10 Why does Spain have such a variety of climates? Think and explain.

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10 The rivers of Spain ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Write the definitions.

flow
flow regime
2 Explain the influence of relief on rivers.
3 Identify the three watersheds in Spain. Use the key and colour.
N
Cantabrian Sea
W E
Red Mediterranean watershed
S
ATLANTIC
Yellow Atlantic watershed
ea
S
OCEAN n
n ea
r ra Scale
te
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Me
di 0 220 Green Cantabrian watershed
Ceuta
Melilla Kilometres
4 Why are rivers in the Atlantic watershed longer than rivers in the Cantabrian watershed?
127679vertientes E s pana

5 Complete the chart with the name of the watershed.
Watershed Characteristics
The majority of rivers are short. They do not carry much water.
They have an irregular flow regime.
The rivers are short and very steep. They have quite regular,
abundant flow regimes.
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10
6 Identify the rivers on the map. Then, write if each river is a main river or a tributary.
N Cantabrian Sea
1
10
W E
2
9
63
75 46
S 14
ATLANTIC
27
OCEAN
89
3
10
58 a
Se
an
a ne
rr
te
di
Scale
ATLANTIC OCEAN
M e 0 140
Ceuta
Melilla Kilometres
U10- 3
Pisuerga Sil
Tagus Mundo
Gallego Narcea
Segura Mio
Guadalquivir Ebro
7 Which river basin are these rivers in?

Aragon Genil
Tormes Tietar

A small lake.
A coastal lagoon in Valencia.
The largest glacial lake in Spain.
Deep channels where water flows when it rains heavily.
9 Describe the rivers and lakes in your Autonomous Community or City.
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11 The population
and the economy of Spain
ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Name three types of migration Spain experienced in the 20th Century.
2 What is the formula we use to calculate population density?
3 Write the descriptions.
The population density of Spains inland provinces.
The population density within each province.
4 Explain why the Spanish population is growing.
Today, the population in Spain is over million. This increase has happened
because of and . The population is concentrated in
the and on the .
6 Is the population in your Autonomous Community or City growing? Explain.
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11
7 The active population of Spain is divided into three economic sectors. Read the graph and explain.
Tertiary
sector
(65%)
Primary Secondary
sector sector
(5%) (30%)
8 Write T (true) or F (false). Then, corrected the false sentences.
The active population works in three sectors: agriculture, livestock farming and fishing.
In Spain, cereals, grapes and olives are the most abundant irrigated crops.
The secondary sector includes industry and trade.
The tertiary sector employs more people than any other sector.
9 Explain the difference between domestic trade and foreign trade.
What economic sector employs the most people in your Autonomous Community or City?
What are the main jobs in this sector?
How important is agriculture?
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12 Institutions of Spain ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Write the name of the capital of each Autonomous Community.

Aragon
Canary Islands
Extremadura
Galicia
2 What is the difference between a natural border and a political border?
3 What are the natural and political borders of Spain?

North
East
South
West
4 Write the name of the Autonomous Community.

The Autonomous Community with the most provinces.
The Autonomous Communities that border the Atlantic Ocean.
The Autonomous Community that borders Andorra.
5 Complete the chart with the names of the institutions.
Autonomous Communities
Provinces Municipalities
and Autonomous Cities

Institutions

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12
6 Complete.
The , approved in , is the most important law in Spain.
The Head of State is the . His main duties are
.
The government is made up of the President and his .
The government is responsible for
.
The parliament of Spain is called Las Cortes. It is made up of two chambers:
and .
It is responsible for .
The Courts of Justice are responsible for .
They are made up of and .
7 Write two rights and two obligations which the Constitution establishes.
Rights:

Obligations:
8 Who elects these people?

The President of the Government
The members of Las Cortes
9 Who attends a cabinet meeting?
10 What are the main responsibilities of an Autonomous Community parliament?

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13 Prehistory ASSESSment
Name Date
1 What is Prehistory?
2 Complete the timeline to show the three periods of Prehistory.

1,000,000 years ago years ago
years ago
3 Complete these sentences about human beings in the Palaeolithic Age.

They lived in
They ate
They lived for only about
They made simple tools from
They painted
4 Underline the two errors. Explain why this information is not correct.
In the Palaeolithic Age, men and women lived in tribes. They were hunters and farmers.
They made tools from stone and bronze. They painted animals on the walls and ceilings
of caves and made small stone sculptures which represented women.
5 Number in order starting from the oldest.
spear or harpoon metal dagger ceramic bowl
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13
About 7,000 years ago, human beings became crop farmers and . They
built villages. People learned to stone in order to make more sophisticated
tools. Two other important developments were the making of andpottery.
They painted scenes of in caves. This period is known
asthe .
7 Look at the picture. What period of Prehistory is it? Explain.
8 Compare.
The Neolithic Age The Metal Ages
Where did people live?
What tools did they use?
What works of art did they make?
9 Label menhir, dolmen or cromlech.

10 Write about your Autonomous Community or City. What kind of Prehistoric remains have been found
there? What period do they belong to?
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14 Ancient History ASSESSment
Name Date
Two groups of people lived on the Iberian Peninsula in the first millennium B.C.:
the and the . Then, the first colonists arrived from
across the Mediterranean Sea: the , the
and the .
2 Complete.
THE CELTS
Their houses were They ate They were expert


Phoenicians Greeks Carthaginians
They came from
They settled on
Founded colonies such as
4 Use the key and colour the map.
Cantabrian Sea red Celtic and Celtiberian zone

ASTURES
OCEAN
CCA
EI
blue Iberian zone
ES
VA N Rhode
SO Emporion
LU
AREVACI NI
VETTONES
CA
LA I E TA
RP
green Phoenicians
ET
AN
Saguntum
I
AT L A N T I C
Hemeroskopeion
CELTICI CONTESTANI Ebyssos
TURDETANI MEDITERRANEAN
yellow Greeks
NI
E TA
BAST Cartago Nova SEA
Gadir Sexi Abdera
Malaca
orange Carthaginians
138189736 Test_Diagnostic TestTop8Science

p 1 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L.
189725 _ 0111-0165.indd 138 27/10/11 15:17

14
5 What group of people lived in your Autonomous Community before the Roman conquest?

When did the Roman conquest of Hispania begin?
Who did the Romans defeat in the Punic Wars?
Why did the Romans occupy Hispania?

What were the last territories that the Romans conquered?
7 Describe the Roman way of life.
8 The Romans divided Hispania into five provinces. What were their names?
9 Write correct versions of these sentences.

In 218 B.C., the Carthaginians arrived in Ampurias and defeated the Romans.

In Hispania, each province was ruled by an emperor.

There were two groups of people in Roman society: merchants and farmers.
10 What aspects of Roman culture have survived until today? Think and answer.

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15 The Middle Ages ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Read the text and name the kingdom.

Before the year 400 A.D., the Roman Empire frequently came under attack from Germanic tribes, who
came from the north of Europe. One of these Germanic tribes arrived in Hispania
and founded a kingdom with Toledo as its capital.
2 Write correct versions of these sentences

In 711 A.D., an army of Moors arrived from Africa and invaded the Roman Empire.

At first, Al-Andalus was a caliphate which depended on the caliph of Damascus.

The emir Abd-ar-Rahman III took the title of caliph and established the caliphate of Granada.
3 Put the events in chronological order.

Taifas Caliphate Independent Kingdom Conquest
emirate ofGranada and Emirate
4 Look at the map. What period of the Middle Ages does it show? Explain.
CHRISTIAN ZONE

MUSLIM ZONE


Where were the first Christian Kingdoms?
Who was Pelayo?
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15
6 Circle the names of the Christian Kingdoms that existed in the Iberian Peninsula around 1200.
Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Leon

Kingdom of Asturias Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Portugal

Kingdom of Granada Kingdom of Castile

In 1212, the Battle of took place. The armies of Castile, Navarre
and Aragon together defeated the Moorish troops. After this battle, King Ferdinand III and, after him,
Alfonso X, conquered nearly all of . Only one Muslim territory remained
on the Peninsula: the Kingdom of , which was conquered in 1492 by
the .
8 Look at the picture and answer.

What kind of building is it?
Describe the walls.

Describe the arches.
What period does this building belong to? Explain.
9 What is the difference between mozarab and muladi?

What materials did Moorish architects use?

Describe the walls.
What kind of arches did they use?
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Living things TEST 1
Name Date
1. All living things are made up of 7. Bacteria are

a. systems. a. unicellular living things.
b. bacteria b. multicellular living things.
c. cells. c. non-living things.
2. The covering which surrounds a cell and 8. Living things are classified into large
separates it from the outside is groups called
a. the membrane. a. systems.
b. the nucleus. b. kingdoms.
c. the cytoplasm. c. animals and plants.
3. Organelles are in 9. The smallest living things are

a. the membrane. a. plants.
b. the nucleus. b. bacteria.
c. the cytoplasm. c. fungi.
4. Multicellular living things are made up of 10. Protozoa belong to

a. one cell. a. the bacteria kingdom
b. a large number of cells. b. the fifth kingdom.
c. bacteria and fungus. c. no kingdom.
5. A group of organs that work together to

carry out a common function make up
a. a system.
b. an organism.
c. tissues.
6. Multicellular living things that cannot

move by themselves and depend on other
organisms for food are
a. plants.
b. animals.
c. fungi.
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The plant kingdom TEST 2
Name Date
1. The two main groups of non-flowering 7. The final stage in plant reproduction is
plants are a. germination.
a. angiosperms and gymnosperms. b. pollination.
b. fungi and mushrooms. c. growth.
c. mosses and ferns.
8. Plants reproduce asexually when
2. Gymnosperms a. more than one plant is involved.
a. do not produce fruit. b. they reproduce without flowers or
b. produce seeds inside the fruit. seeds.
c. do not have flowers. c. pollen from one plant reaches
another.
3. Raw sap reaches the leaves by travelling
through 9. Rhizomes are
a. the xylem vessels. a. underground stems.
b. the phloem vessels. b. fragments of one plant joined to

another.
c. the blood vessels.
c. cuttings.
4. Plants make their own food through
10. When leaves react to changes in the
a. pollination.
environment by turning to face the Sun,
b. photosynthesis. the plant is carrying out the process of
c. germination. a. nutrition.
5. In respiration, plants b. reproduction.
a. take in carbon dioxide. c. sensitivity.
b. give off oxygen.

c. take in oxygen and give off carbon
dioxide.
6. Anthers
a. are the female part of a flower.
b. produce pollen.
c. protect the seeds.
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Protecting the environment TEST 3
Name Date
1. A community of living things in a physical 6. Carnivorous animals that hunt other

environment is animals for food are
a. a natural area. a. producers.
b. an ecosystem. b. parasites.
c. biodiversity. c. predators.
2. An ecosystem made up of planet Earth 7. are the best way to show

and all the living things that inhabit it is food relationships in ecosystems.
a. the biosphere. a. Food wheels
b. biology. b. Food chains
c. biodiversity. c. Food pyramids
3. All members of one species living in the 8. All the species of living things in an
same ecosystem is ecosystem is
a. a species. a. biodiversity.
b. a population. b. the environment.
c. a community. c. biology.
4. In aquatic ecosystems, are 9. All the populations that interact in an

the producers. ecosystem make up
a. plants a. a community.
b. bacteria b. an organism.
c. algae c. a species.
5. Primary consumers are 10. Animals that eat the dead bodies of
a. plants. other animals are
b. carnivorous animals. a. scavengers.
c. herbivorous animals. b. predators.
c. producers.
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The Earth TEST 4
Name Date
1. The inner layer of the geosphere is 7. In a volcano, magma goes up through

a. the crust. a vent called
b. the mantle. a. the magma chamber.
c. the core. b. the volcanic cone.
c. the volcanic chimney.
2. The removal of soil and rock material by
water, wind or ice is 8. The remains of living things found in
a. erosion. sedimentary rocks are
b. transport. a. fossils.
c. sedimentation. b. coal.
c. petroleum.
3. The energy in the interior of the Earth
produces 9. The ozone layer is found in
a. transport and sedimentation of rock a. the troposphere.
material. b. the stratosphere.
b. the rock cycle. c. the geosphere.
c. earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
10. Sand settling on the bottom of oceans
4. Basalt is an igneous rock formed by is an example of
a. the atmosphere. a. erosion.
b. volcanoes. b. transport.
c. wind erosion. c. sedimentation.
5. The layer closest to the Earths surface is

a. the hydrosphere.
b. the stratosphere.
c. the troposphere.
6. The three components of soil are

a. solid, liquid and gas.
b. erosion, transport and deposition.
c. igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic.
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The Universe TEST 5
Name Date
1. Large sphere-shaped bodies that orbit the 6. The first human to see the Earth from
Sun in an almost circular path are outer space was
a. satellites. a. Pedro Duque.
b. planets. b. Yuri Gagarin.
c. galaxies. c. Neil Armstrong.
2. The amount of energy produced in the 7. Giant balls of ice which orbit the Sun in
nucleus of a star is its a long, elliptical path are
a. luminosity. a. comets.
b. brightness. b. planets.
c. colour. c. asteroids.
3. Man-made objects designed to orbit the 8. Galaxies can have different shapes:
Earth are a. elliptical, spiral or round.
a. comets. b. spherical, elliptical or irregular.
b. artificial satellites. c. elliptical, spiral or irregular.
c. asteroids.
9. Spaceships designed to explore the far
4. Saturn is reaches of the Universe with no human
a. an outer planet. crew are
b. a satellite. a. comets.
c. a dwarf planet. b. space probes.
c. space shuttles.
5. The closest star to the Earth is
a. Ursa Major. 10. The planet farthest from the Sun is
b. the Milky Way. a. Mercury.
c. the Sun. b. Neptune.
c. Uranus.
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Matter TEST 6
Name Date
1. The amount of matter in an object is its 6. An alloy is

a. mass. a. a mixture of pure substances in
b. density. which one substance is a gas.
c. volume. b. a heterogeneous mixture in which

one or more of the substances is
2. The method used to separate a liquid.
homogeneous mixtures of substances c. a homogeneous mixture in which
with different densities is one or more of the substances is
a metal.
a. decantation.
b. filtration. 7. is when a solid becomes
c. evaporation. a gas, without first becoming a liquid.
a. Sublimation
3. Condensation is when
b. Solidification
a. a liquid becomes a solid.
c. Vaporisation
b. a solid becomes a gas.
c. a gas becomes a liquid. 8. is a chemical reaction that
occurs when a substance combines with
4. Chemical changes occur when oxygen.
a. a substance changes into one a. Photosynthesis
or more substances.
b. Oxidation
b. a substance changes its state.
c. Combustion
c. a substance changes its size
or colour. 9. Mass, volume and temperature are
a. characteristic properties.
5. We calculate the density of an object by
b. specific properties.
a. dividing its volume by its mass.
c. general properties.
b. dividing its mass by its volume.
c. dividing its mass and volume by its 10. Mineral salts dissolved in water is a
density.
a. heterogeneous mixture.
b. homogeneous mixture.
c. magnetic mixture.
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Forces and movement TEST 7
Name Date
1. is a force between two 6. is a simple machine that

surfaces that slows down moving objects. reduces friction with the ground.
a. Friction a. The lever
b. Gravity b. The wheel
c. Speed c. The pulley
2. Gravity is the force which 7. If a car takes three hours to drive

a. attracts all bodies towards the 210kilometres, its average speed on
atmosphere. this journey is
b. attracts all bodies towards the Earths a. 700 km. per hour.
surface. b. 210 km. per hour.
c. makes all bodies stop. c. 70 km per hour.
3. A pulley is 8. When we throw a ball, it moves in
a. a compound machine. a. a straight direction.
b. a singular machine. b. a curved direction.
c. a simple machine. c. an inclined direction.
4. If a body is in motion and no force makes 9. Our arms are examples of
it stop or change direction,
a. first-class levers.
a. it will continue to move in a straight
b. second-class levers.
line.
c. third-class levers.
b. it will continue to move in a zigzag.
c. it will be attracted towards the Earths 10. A slope or ramp that makes it easier to
surface. lift heavy objects is
5. Gravity is the force which a. a lever.
a. slows down objects moving in b. an inclined plane.
an upwards direction. c. a pulley.
b. slows down objects moving in
a downwards direction.
c. accelerates objects moving in
an upwards direction.
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The relief of Spain TEST 8
Name Date
1. is in the centre of the 6. The Tramuntana Range is on the island of

Iberian Peninsula. a. Tenerife.
a. The Inner Plateau b. Menorca.
b. The Pyrenees c. Mallorca.
c. The Sierra Morena
7. There are two mountain ranges in the
2. The Picos de Europa belong to Inner Plateau:
a. the Sierra Morena. a. the Central Mountain Chain and the
b. the Cantabrian Range. Mountains of Toledo.
c. the Pyrenees. b. the Cantabrian Range and the

Mountains of Leon.
3. The Andalusian coast is bathed by c. the Iberian Mountain Chain and the
a. the Mediterranean Sea and the Basque Mountains.
Cantabrian Sea.
8. Aneto is the highest mountain in
b. the Atlantic Ocean.
a. the Sierra Morena.
c. the Mediterranean Sea and the
Atlantic Ocean. b. the Pyrenees.
c. the Baetic Mountain Chain.
4. On the edges of the Inner Plateau, there is
high moorland called 9. The longest coast in Spain is
a. La Alcarria. a. the Mediterranean.
b. the Mountains of Toledo. b. the Atlantic.
c. the Duero river basin. c. the Cantabrian.
5. is part of the Iberian 10. The Guadalquivir river basin is

Mountain Chain. surrounded by
a. The Morena Range a. the Pyrenees, the Iberian Mountain
Chain and the Catalan Coastal Chain.
b. The Moncayo Range
b. the Baetic Mountain Chain, Sierra
c. The Galician Massif
Morena and the Atlantic Ocean.
c. the Baetic Mountain Chain, the
Catalan Coastal Chain and the
Mediterranean Sea.
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The climates of Spain TEST 9
Name Date
1. is the characteristic state of 6. Beech trees are typical in

the atmosphere in a place over a number a. Oceanic climates.
of years. b. Mountain climates.
a. Weather c. Subtropical climates.
b. Meteorology
7. Mountain climates are colder because
c. Climate
a. as altitude increases, temperatures
2. The climate in the Balearic Islands is fall.
a. Mediterranean. b. temperatures fall when land is closer
b. Subtropical. to the ocean.
c. Continental Mediterranean. c. as altitude increases, temperatures

rise.
3. In an Oceanic climate, precipitation is
8. In areas with a Mediterranean climate,
a. abundant all year round.
precipitation is more abundant in
b. abundant in summer.
a. summer.
c. abundant in spring.
b. winter.
4. Regions near receive more c. spring and autumn.
heat.
9. Laurel forests are typical in
a. the Poles
a. Catalonia.
b. the Equator
b. Galicia.
c. rivers
c. the Canary Islands.
5. The European fan palm and esparto grass
10. On the peaks in mountain
grow
areas, grow.
a. in the mountain areas in the north of
the Iberian Peninsula. a. only grass and some shrubs, such
as broom
b. in the Canary Islands.
b. oak trees
c. in the more arid areas in the south-
east of the Iberian Peninsula. c. pine and fir forests
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The rivers of Spain TEST 10
Name Date
1. The variation in the flow of a river 6. Lake Gallocanta is

throughout the year is a. a mountain lake, formed by the
a. the flow regime. accumulation of rainwater.
b. the bed. b. a lake on the plains, formed by the
accumulation of rainwater.
c. the course.
c. a coastal lagoon, formed by the
2. The Ebro is the longest river in accumulation of rainwater.
a. the Atlantic watershed.
7. Each main river and its tributaries flow
b. the Mediterranean watershed. over a low-lying plain called
c. the Cantabrian watershed. a. a reservoir.
3. The Mequinenza reservoir is in the river b. a relief.

basin of c. a river basin.
a. the River Tagus.
8. The rivers of Galicia have
b. the River Duero.
a. an abundant flow and a regular flow
c. the River Ebro. regime.
b. a low water level in summer.
4. Rivers which flow into another river are
c. an irregular flow regime.
a. streams.
b. tributaries. 9. There are no continuous watercourses in
c. main rivers. the Canary Islands because
a. the mouth of the river is close to the
5. The smallest watershed in Spain is ocean.
a. the Mediterranean watershed. b. the climate is very dry.
b. the Atlantic watershed. c. the rivers start in the mountains, far
c. the Cantabrian watershed. from the ocean.
10. The Jucar River starts in

a. the Baetic Mountain Chain.
b. the Catalan Coastal Chain.
c. the Iberian Mountain Chain.
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Population and the economy of Spain TEST 11
Name Date
1. The Spanish population is growing 6. are the most abundant

because of livestock in Spain.
a. a rising birth rate and emigration. a. Lambs
b. positive natural growth and b. Pigs
immigration. c. Cows
c. positive natural growth and emigration.
7. In Spain, 65 out of every 100 people
2. Retired people are a part of work in
of a country. a. the construction sector.
a. the active population b. the industrial sector.
b. the unemployed population c. the service sector.
c. the inactive population
8. Population density in Spain is highest
3. Products made and sold within the same a. in the cities.
country are examples of
b. near the Pyrenees.
a. domestic trade.
c. in the countryside.
b. foreign trade.
c. community trade. 9. The secondary sector includes
a. agriculture and livestock farming.
4. The most important sector in the Spanish
b. construction and industry.
economy is
c. trade and transport.
a. the primary sector.
b. the secondary sector. 10. Travelling to other places for the purpose
c. the tertiary sector. of relaxation or fun is
a. transport.
5. is the number of
b. trade.
inhabitants per square kilometre.
c. tourism.
a. Population density
b. Natural growth
c. Population evolution
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Institutions of Spain TEST 12
Name Date
1. is a natural border of 6. Autonomous Communities and

Spain. Autonomous Cities are governed by
a. The Mediterranean Sea a. a president and ministers.
b. Andorra b. an Autonomous Parliament, a
c. The Cantabrian Range president and a government.
c. deputies and senators.
2. The Spanish Constitution was passed in
the year 7. The territory of every province is divided
a. 1987. into
b. 1798. a. Autonomous Communities.
c. 1978. b. Autonomous Cities.

c. municipalities.
3. The most important law in your
Autonomous Community or City, after the 8. is responsible for
Constitution, is creating and approving laws.
a. municipal ordinances. a. The Head of State
b. provincial laws. b. The Parliament
c. the Statutes of Autonomy. c. The President of the Government
4. In the west, Spain borders 9. , Spains borders are

a. the Mediterranean Sea. the Atlantic Ocean, Morocco and the
Mediterranean Sea.
b. Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
a. In the south
c. France.
b. In the north
5. The Commander-in-chief of the armed c. In the east
forces is
a. the King. 10. The Parliament is made up of two
chambers, the Congress of Deputies and
b. the Minister of Defense.
a. the Government.
c. the President of the Government.
b. the Senate.
c. the Supreme Court.
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Prehistory TEST 13
Name Date
1. The first period in history is 7. Writing appeared about

a. the Neolithic Age. a. 3,000 years ago.
b. the Middle Ages. b. 30,000 years ago.
c. Prehistory. c. 3,000,000 years ago.
2. Human beings became crop farmers in 8. During the Neolithic Age, people made
a. the Palaeolithic Age. tools
b. the Neolithic Age. a. by hitting one stone against another.
c. the Metal Ages. b. with polished stone.
c. with cement.
3. In the Metal Ages, human beings
a. invented the plough. 9. During the Metal Ages, human beings
b. discovered fire. lived in
c. made tools from animal bones. a. towns.

b. caves.
4. In the Palaeolithic Age, people
c. small villages.
a. were crop farmers and animal farmers.
b. were soldiers and traders. 10. During the Neolithic Age, human beings
became
c. hunted animals and gathered fruits
and roots. a. nomads.
b. citizens.
5. During the , artists painted
c. sedentary.
archers and people dancing on cave walls.
a. Palaeolithic Age
b. Neolithic Age
c. Metal Ages
6. In the Metal Ages, people made objects

out of
a. stone and bones.
b. clay and wood.
c. copper, bronze and iron.
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Ancient History TEST 14
Name Date
1. The Iberians lived in 7. Many of todays laws in Spain are based

a. the south and east of the Iberian on
Peninsula. a. Iberian law.
b. the south and west of the Iberian b. Roman law.
Peninsula.
c. Hispanic law.
c. the east and north of the Iberian
Peninsula. 8. Hannibal was the leader of
a. the Carthaginian army.
2. The Romans and the Carthaginians fought
each other in b. the Roman army.
a. the Baetic Wars. c. the Greek army.
b. the Punic Wars. 9. The Celts lived in
c. the Hispanic Wars. a. hill forts.
3. The Phoenicians came from b. cement homes.
a. northern Europe. c. town houses.
b. Asia. 10. The Roman language was
c. northern Africa. a. Latin.
4. In 218 B.C., the Romans arrived in b. Greek.
a. Ampurias. c. Italian.
b. Corduba.
c. Gallaecia.
5. Emporion was a colony.

a. Phoenician
b. Greek
c. Carthaginian
6. The Celts were expert

a. construction workers.
b. tradesmen.
c. metalworkers.
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The Middle Ages TEST 15
Name Date
1. The capital of the Visigoth kingdom was 6. was the first king of the
a. Cordoba. Crown of Aragon.
b. Toledo. a. Ramon Berenguer IV
c. Oviedo. b. Fernando III
c. Alfonso I
2. In the year 1212,
a. the Moors invaded the Visigoth 7. The were Christians who
kingdom. continued to practise their religion.
b. the caliphate of Cordoba was a. Muladis
established. b. Mozarabs
c. the Battle of Navas de Toloso took c. Jews
place.
8. In the Middle Ages, craftsmen from the
3. The main part of cities in Al-Andalus was
same trade formed
a. the medina.
a. guilds.
b. the mosque.
b. unions.
c. the souq (the market).
c. districts.
4. There were two groups of people in the
9. were used in Gothic
Christian Kingdoms:
construction.
a. the privileged and the non-privileged.
a. Metal arches
b. the noblemen and the clergy.
b. Pointed arches
c. craftsmen and merchants.
c. Round arches
5. The caliphate of Cordoba was
10. At the end of the Middle Ages, only one
established by
Moorish territory remained,
a. Pelayo.
a. the Nasrid Kingdom of Cordoba.
b. Abd-ar-Rahman III.
b. the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada.
c. Almanzor.
c. the Nasrid Kingdom of Castile
andLeon.
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Answer key assessments
1 LIVING THINGS 2 THE PLANT KINGDOM

Cells are the smallest parts that make up a living thing.
Plants: n
on-flowering: ferns, mosses;
Cells are living things because they carry out life processes: flowering: gymnosperms, angiosperms.
nutrition, sensitivity and reproduction.
2. Label the parts of a cell.
Spores are special cells that germinate and grow into a
Left: cytoplasm. new plant.
Right top to bottom: membrane; nucleus. Non-flowering plants: mosses and ferns.
3. How are plant cells different from animal cells? Explain. 3. How are angiosperms different from gymnosperms?
Plant cells are usually bigger than animal cells. They have Explain.
a regular shape. Animal cells can be different shapes: Gymnosperms have small, simple flowers. They do not
spherical, cubic, star-shaped or very irregular. produce fruit. The seeds are grouped together in cones.
Angiosperms have large, beautiful flowers. They produce
fruit with seeds inside.
They are found everywhere: in water, in soil, in the air and in
our bodies. 4. Look at the picture. How would you classify this plant?
We can only see them through a microscope. This is an apple tree. It produces fruit, so it is an
angiosperm.
5. Write in order from the simplest to the most complex.
Cell, tissue, organ, system, organism. 5. Read the definitions and write the word.
top to bottom: photosynthesis; stomata; chloroplast.
6. Match.
tissue: a group of similar cells. 6. Circle the picture that shows photosynthesis.
organism: a group of various systems. The first diagram.
system: a group of similar organs. Now, explain your choice.
organ: a group of similar tissues. During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide
and give off oxygen.
7. Why are bacteria called microbes? Write two examples for
each. M. A. 7. Look at the pictures. Explain the process of pollination and
how it can happen in two ways.
Because they can only be seen through a microscope.
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen to
Helpful bacteria: the bacteria we use to make yoghurt or the ovary within the same plant or between plants of the
bread. same type. This can happen by insect pollination or wind
Harmful bacteria: the bacteria which causes pharyngitis pollination.
or cholera.
8. Read the text and cross out the three errors.
8. Write the name of the kingdom. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen of
fungi kingdom; animal kingdom; plant kingdom; bacteria one flower to the shoot (ovary) of another flower. After
kingdom. pollination, seeds and fruit begin to grow. Fruit forms from
the ovule (ovary). Then, seeds are formed from the ovary
9. Answer the questions. (ovule).
Because viruses are so small and simple that scientists
cannot agree if they are living things or not. 9. Label the type of asexual reproduction.
Algae belong to the fifth kingdom. Stolon; tuber; rhizome.
10. How do plants carry out the process of sensitivity? Give

TEST 1 examples.
1. c, 2. a, 3. c, 4. b, 5. b, 6. c, 7. a, 8. b, 9. b, 10. b. M. A.: Plants react to changes in the environment. For
example: Stems and leaves grow towards light. Vines wrap
themselves round a support and grow along it.
TEST 2
1. c, 2. a, 3. a, 4. b, 5. c, 6. b, 7. a, 8. b, 9. a, 10. c.
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Answer key ASSESSMENTs
3 PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT 10. What can responsible governments do to protect the
1. What is an ecosystem? Explain. environment?
An ecosystem is made up of a community of living things M. A.: They can make nature reserves and national parks
in a physical environment. to protect ecosystems. They can pass laws to protect
animals andto restrict hunting and fishing.
2. Can a pond be an ecosystem? Explain. Write an example of a protected area. O. A.
Yes, because a pond is a specific physical environment,
and there are living things which interact with each other TEST 3
in a pond.
1. b, 2. a, 3. b, 4. c, 5. c, 6. c, 7. b, 8. a, 9. a, 10. a.
3. Write a definition for each word.
Population: all the members of one species living in the
same ecosystem.
Habitat: the place within an ecosystem where a
population lives.
Community: all the populations that interact in an
ecosystem.
4. Which factors influence living things in these

environments? M. A.
Terrestrial: climate, soil conditions, the terrain.
Aquatic: salinity, amount of light, type of seabed
or riverbed.
5. Number the pictures in order to make a food chain.

1 Grass, 2 snail, 3 small bird, 4 bird of prey.
6. Write an example for each. M. A.

Producer: grass.
Primary consumer: grasshopper.
Secondary consumer: frog.
Tertiary consumer: stork.
7. What is the difference between a food chain and a food

web?
Food chains show how the species in an ecosystem are
connected to one another by food relationships. Food
webs are better at showing how plants and animals are
interconnected because they are a combination of various
food chains.
8. Match.
Parasites: Animals that feed off other living things without
killing them.
Predators: Animals that hunt other animals for food.
Scavengers: Animals that eat the dead bodies of other
animals.
9. Explain how people affect the environment.

M. A.: People affect the environment with their actions, for
example, cutting down trees, burning fossil fuels, hunting
animals, building constructions.
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4 THE EARTH 5 THE UNIVERSE

1. Complete the sentences. 1. Write the names of the planets in order, starting with the
atmosphere; geosphere; hydrosphere. closest to the Sun.
1. Mercury, 2. Venus, 3. Earth, 4. Mars, 5. Jupiter,
2. Label the layers of the geosphere. 6. Saturn, 7. Uranus, 8. Neptune.
A crust; B mantle; C core.
3. Now, write the characteristics of each layer. The outer planets are mainly composed of gas.
The crust is the outer layer of the Earth. It is solid and The inner planets have a rocky surface.
made up of rocks. It is thicker beneath the continents and
Venus and Mars are the planets closest to the Earth.
thinner beneath the oceans. The mantle is the middle layer
of the Earth. It is made up of very dense, rocky substances. 3. What is the difference between a satellite and a dwarf
The core is the inner layer of the Earth. It is made up planet?
primarily of iron. The core is divided into the outer core,
Satellites are small celestial bodies that orbit the planets.
which is liquid and the inner core, which is solid.
Dwarf planets are spherical bodies that orbit the Sun.
4. Number the processes of weathering in order. They are much smaller than planets.
1 The river erodes soil and rock material from the river bed. 4. Complete the text.
2 River water carries pieces of eroded soil and rock material. Earth; Solar; Sun; Milky Way.
3 River water deposits the pieces of eroded soil and rock
material in other places. 5. What are comets? When do they show a bright tail?
Comets are giant balls of ice. They orbit the Sun in a long,
5. Look at the picture. Explain how this geographical feature elliptical path. When they get close to the Sun, they show
was made. a bright tail that reflects light.
The river has eroded the river bed, creating a canyon.
6. What are the three components of soil? F; F; F; T.
The solid components are a mixture of minerals and organic
matter. The liquid component is water, which contains 7. Read the definitions and write the words.
dissolved minerals. The gas component is air, which galaxy; shooting stars; asteroids; constellation.
contains carbon dioxide and oxygen.
8. Write the four properties of stars.
7. Write a definition for each. Colour, size, luminosity, and brightness.
A volcanic eruption: when magma comes to the Earths
surface through an opening in the crust. 9. What kind of celestial body is this? What are its
characteristics?
An earthquake: a strong movement of the Earths crust
caused by the sudden release of energy from below the This is a spiral galaxy. It is a collection of thousands or
surface. millions of stars. It also contains rocks and gases.
8. Label the parts of a volcano. 10. Answer the questions.

Left top to bottom: crater, volcanic chimney. He was the first human being to set foot on the Moon.
Right top to bottom: volcanic cone; lava; magma chamber. Sputnik I.
He was the first person to travel into outer space. He was
9. Complete the chart. M. A. the first person to see the planet Earth from outer space.
Types of rocks, depending on how they are formed:
Igneous rocks, for example, granite. TEST 5
Sedimentary rocks; for example, coal. 1. b, 2. a, 3. b, 4. a, 5. c, 6. b, 7. a, 8. c, 9. b, 10. b.
Metamorphic rocks; for example, marble.
10. What is the rock cycle? Explain.

The rock cycle is a set of processes which form and
change rocks over time. The processes can take
thousands or millions ofyears.
TEST 4
1. c, 2. a, 3. c, 4. b, 5. c, 6. a, 7. c, 8. a, 9. b, 10. c.
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6 MATTER 7 FORCES AND MOVEMENT

1. What are the general properties of matter? Give three 1. What is friction?
examples. Friction is a force between two surfaces that slows down
The general properties of matter are common to all matter, moving objects. Friction happens when two things rub
for example, mass, volume and temperature. against each other. The direction of the force of friction is
always contrary to the movement.
2. Name three specific properties of matter.
Colour. Hardness. Density. 2. Read and answer the question.
3. Write the names of the units we use to measure. What must the cyclist do to stop the bicycle? Explain.
The amount of matter in an object. Grammes or He must stop pedalling and use the brakes. The brakes
kilogrammes. increase the friction on the wheels and make the
The amount of space an object occupies. Millilitres or bicycle stop.
litres. 3. Look at the picture. Answer the question.
4. Explain the difference between mass and volume. Why is it so difficult to stop when ice skating?
Mass is the amount of matter in an object. It is difficult to stop when ice skating because there is
Volume is the space an object occupies. very little friction between the skates and the ice.
5. Look at the picture. Which substance is the densest? Explain. 4. Draw arrows to show movement and the force of friction.
Water is the densest substance. The oil is floating on the Movement: an arrow pointing to the left.
water so it is less dense than the water. Friction: an arrow pointing to the right.
6. Tick the correct box. 5. Solve the problem.
Homogeneous mixture: seawater, steel. 100 3 = 300. He will drive 300 kilometres in three
Heterogeneous mixture: granite, soil. hours.
Pure substance: sugar, water.
6. What is gravity?
7. What method would you use to separate the substances in Gravity is the force which attracts all bodies towards the
each mixture? Earths surface.
Water and oil: decantation.
7. Look at the picture. What force makes the ball fall?
Sand and iron filings: magnetic separation. Explain.
Water and coffee grounds: filtration.
Gravity makes the ball fall to the ground. As nothing
8. Complete the sentences. interrupts the force, the speed of the ball continues
to increase.
Condensation is when a gas becomes a liquid.
Vaporisation is when a liquid becomes a gas. 8. Draw the direction in which the ball will move.
Solidification is when a liquid becomes a solid. It will move up and to the right.
Melting is when a solid becomes a liquid. 9. Look at the picture and answer the questions.
Sublimation is when a solid becomes a gas, without Why kind of machine are they using? An inclined plane.
first becoming a liquid.
What is this machine used for? It makes it easier to
9. If we wash a glass and leave it to drain, a while later the move heavy objects.
glass will be dry. What happened to the water on the glass? In which picture does the boy need to use less force?
Explain. In picture B. Because the smaller the angle
The water evaporated. In other words, it changed from a
between the plane and the ground, the smaller the
liquid to a gas.
force required.
10. Write change of state or chemical change. 10. What is a third-class lever? Give an example. (M. A.)
Paper burns and changes into ashes: chemical change.
In third-class levers, the force is applied between the
Iron oxidises and changes into rust: chemical change. fulcrum and the load. Example: our arms.
Clothes are hung out to dry in the Sun: change of state.
Lava cools and changes into hard rock: change of state. TEST 7
TEST 6 1. a, 2. b, 3. c, 4. a, 5. a, 6. b, 7. c, 8. b, 9. c, 10. b.
1. a, 2. a, 3. c, 4. a, 5. b, 6. c, 7. a, 8. b, 9. c, 10. b.
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8 THE RELIEF OF SPAIN 9 THE CLIMATES OF SPAIN

1. What is climate?
1. Which territories make up Spain?
Spain covers most of the Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Climate is the characteristic state of the atmosphere in
Islands, the Canary Islands and Ceuta and Melilla in North a place: the temperatures, precipitation and wind over a
Africa. number of years.
2. Name the three rivers that cross the Inner Plateau. 2. What factors affect climate?
The Duero, the Tagus and the Guadiana. Distance from the sea, altitude and proximity to the
Equator.
3. Name the two mountain ranges on the Inner Plateau.
The Central Mountain Chain and the Mountains of Toledo. 3. Read and name the climate.
4. Read and underline the two mistakes. The climate is the Continental Mediterranean climate.
The Guadalquivir river basin is in the north-east of the 4. Cross out the plants that are not typical of Mediterranean
Iberian Peninsula. It is triangular in shape. The River forests.
Guadalquivir flows across it, and it is surrounded by the
Baetic Mountain Chain, the Pyrenees and the Atlantic Cross out tabaibas, eucalyptus and fir tree.
Ocean.
5. Which climate is shown in the climate graph?
5. Name the five mountain ranges which lie beyond the Inner Subtropical climate.
Plateau.
The Galician Massif, the Basque Mountains, the Pyrenees, 6. Complete the chart.
the Catalan Coastal Chain and the Betic Mountain Chain. Mediterranean climate: mild temperatures; little rain.
6. Read and name the mountain range. Continental Mediterranean climate: very cold in winter
The name of this mountain range is the Sierra Morena and very hot in summer; precipitation only in spring and
or Morena Range. autumn.
Oceanic climate: mild temperatures; abundant
7. What two seas or oceans bathe the Galician coast? precipitation.
Describe this coast.
Subtropical climate: mild temperatures; little rain.
It is bathed by the Atlantic Ocean and Cantabrian Sea.
The Galician coast is a high rocky coast, with many inlets. Mountain climate: cold in winter, cool in summer;
The principal capes are Finisterre and Ortegal. abundant precipitation.
8. Answer the questions. 7. Look at the picture of vegetation in the Canary Islands.
Why is it not correct?
What are Spains two large archipelagos?
The Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands. Top to bottom: The Canary Islands pine is typical in the
What is the highest peak in Spain? Where is it? mountain areas. Laurel forests are typical in areas of
Mount Teide, in Tenerife. medium altitude. Tabaibas are typical in areas of low
altitude.
What is the largest island of the Balearic archipelago?
Mallorca. 8. What is the climate? Use the key and colour.
9. Describe the relief of your Autonomous Community or See SB page 107.
Autonomous City. O. A.
9. Write about the vegetation in your Autonomous Community
10. Complete the map with the names of the relief features. or Autonomous City. O. A.
A Cantabrian Range, B Pyrenees, C Iberian Chain, 10. Why does Spain have such a variety of climates? Think and
D Catalan Coastal Chain, E Central Mountain Chain, explain. M. A.
F Mountains of Toledo, G Morena Range, H Betic Chain.
Because Spain has both coastal regions and inland
regions a long way from the coast. Spains relief is varied
TEST 8 with extensive mountainous regions as well as large
plains.
1. a, 2. b, 3. c, 4. a, 5. b, 6. c, 7. a, 8. b, 9. a, 10. b.
TEST 9
1. c, 2. a, 3. a, 4. b, 5. c, 6. a, 7. a, 8. c, 9. c, 10. a.
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10 THE RIVERS OF SPAIN 11 THE POPULATION AND THE ECONOMY OF SPAIN
1. Write the definitions. 1. Name three types of migration Spain experienced in the
20th Century.
flow: the amount of water the river carries.
International emigration, internal migration and
flow regime: the variation in the flow of a river
international immigration.
throughout the year.
2. What is the formula we use to calculate population
2. Explain the influence of relief on rivers. density?
Relief affects the length and speed of rivers. Rivers are Divide the total number of inhabitants in a place by its
short when they rise in mountains near the sea. Rivers surface area.
are long when they rise a long way from the sea.
3. Write the descriptions.
3. Identify the three watersheds in Spain. Use the key and The population density of Spains inland provinces:
colour. they are less densely populated than on the coasts and
See Student Book page 119. on the islands, with the exception of Madrid.
The population density within each province:
4. Why are rivers in the Atlantic watershed longer than rivers
the population is concentrated in the cities, particularly
in the Cantabrian watershed?
the capital city.
Rivers in the Atlantic watershed are longer than rivers in the
Cantabrian watershed because they rise in mountains a long 4. Explain why the Spanish population is growing.
way from the Atlantic Ocean, which they flow into. The Spanish population is growing because of positive
natural growth and immigration.
5. Complete the chart with the name of the watershed.
Mediterranean: The majority of rivers are short. They donot
carry much water. They have an irregular flow regime. Today, the population in Spain is over forty-seven million.
This increase has happened because of positive natural
Cantabrian: The rivers are short and very steep. They have growth and immigration. The population is concentrated in
quite regular, abundant flow regimes. the cities and on the coasts.
6. Identify the rivers on the map. Then, write if each river is a 6. Is the population in your Autonomous Community or City
main river or a tributary. growing? Explain.
O. A.
1 Narcea: tributary 6 Gallego: tributary.
7. The active population of Spain is divided into three
2 Mio: main river 7 Tagus: main river economic sectors. Read the graph and explain.
3 Sil: tributary 8 Guadalquivir: main river M. A.: In Spain, five out of every 100 people work in the
4 Pisuerga: tributary 9 Mundo: tributary primary sector. Thirty out of every 100 people work in the
5 Ebro: main river 10 Segura: main river secondary sector. Sixty-five out of every 100 people work
in the tertiary sector.
7. Which river basin are these rivers in?
8. Write T (true) or F (false). Then, corrected the false
Aragon: Ebro river basin sentences.
Genil: Guadalquivir river basin F: The active population works in three sectors: the
Tormes: Duero river basin primary sector, the secondary sector and the tertiary
Tietar: Tagus river basin sector. F: In Spain, cereals, grapes and olives are the
most abundant dry crops. F: The secondary sector
8. Read the definitions and write the words. includes industry and construction. T.
A small lake: pond. 9. Explain the difference between domestic trade and foreign
A coastal lagoon in Valencia: Albufera. trade.
The largest glacial lake in Spain: Lake Sanabria. Domestic trade is commerce within a country. Foreign
trade is commerce with other countries.
Deep channels where water flows when it rains heavily: gullies.
9. Describe the rivers and lakes in your Autonomous
O. A.
Community or City. O. A.
TEST 10 TEST 11
1. b, 2. c, 3. a, 4. c, 5. a, 6. b, 7. c, 8. a, 9. b, 10. c.
1. a, 2. b, 3. c, 4. b, 5. c, 6. b, 7. c, 8. a, 9. b, 10. c.
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Answer keyASSESSMENTs
12 INSTITUTIONS OF SPAIN 7. Write two rights and two obligations which the Constitution
establishes. M. A.
1. Write the name of the capital of each Autonomous
Community. Rights: freedom of speech and access to health-care.
Aragon: Zaragoza; Canary Islands: Las Palmas de Gran Obligations: obeying laws and paying taxes.
Canaria and Santa Cruz de Tenerife; Extremadura: Merida. 8. Who elects these people?
Galicia: Santiago de Compostela.
The President of the Government: Congress of Deputies
2. What is the difference between a natural border Members of Las Cortes: Spanish citizens
and a political border?
9. Who attends a cabinet meeting?
Natural borders are natural landforms that separate two
countries, for example, rivers, mountains or deserts. The president and government ministers.
Political borders are lines established by agreement
10. What are the main responsibilities of an Autonomous
between two countries.
Community parliament?
3. What are the natural and political borders of Spain? Making laws, approving budgets, electing the President of
North: France, Andorra, the Bay of Biscay; the Autonomous Community from among its members.
East: the Mediterranean Sea;
South: the Mediterranean Sea, Morocco and the Atlantic TEST 12
Ocean; 1. a, 2. c, 3. c, 4. b, 5. a, 6. b, 7. c, 8. b, 9. a, 10. b.
West: Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
4. Write the name of the Autonomous Community.
The Autonomous Community with the most provinces:
Castile and Leon.
The Autonomous Communities that border the Atlantic
Ocean: Andalusia, the Canary Islands and Galicia.
The Autonomous Community that borders Andorra:
Catalonia.
5. Complete the chart with the names of the institutions.
Autonomous Communities and Cities: Autonomous
Parliament, president and government.
Provinces: Provincial Council. In the Canary Islands, an
Inter-island Council.
Municipalities: mayor and local councillors.
6. Complete.
The Constitution, approved in 1978, is the most important
law in Spain. The Head of State is the King. His main
duties are Commander-in-Chief of the Spanish Armed
Forces and to represent Spain in its relations with other
countries.
The government is made up of the President and his
ministers.
The government is responsible for governing the country in
accordance with the laws approved by parliament.
The parliament of Spain is called Las Cortes. It is made
up of two chambers: the Congress of Deputies and the
Senate. It is responsible for governing the country in
accordance with the laws approved by parliament. The
Courts of Justice are responsible for ensuring that laws
are obeyed and for judging anyone accused of a crime.
They are made up of judges and magistrates.
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13 PREHISTORY 8. Compare.
1. What is Prehistory? Neolithic The Metal Ages
Prehistory is the first period in history and also the Where did people Villages Towns
longest. On the Iberian Peninsula, it starts with the live?
appearance of human beings, about a million years ago,
What tools did Polished stone Copper, bronze
and ends with the appearance of writing, about 3,000
they use? and iron
years ago.
What works Paintings of Megalithic
2. Complete the timeline to show the three periods of
of art did they hunting scenes, monuments
Prehistory.
make? people dancing or
1,000,000 years ago: Palaeolithic Age
gathering fruit
7,000 years ago: Neolithic Age
6,000 years ago: Metal Ages 9. Label menhir, dolmen or cromlech.
3. Complete these sentences about human beings in the cromlech, menhir, dolmen.
Palaeolithic Age. 10. Write about your Autonomous Community or City. What
They lived in the open or in caves or simple huts. kind of Prehistoric remains have been found there? What
They ate what they found in nature. period do they belong to?
They lived for only about twenty years. O. A.
They made simple tools from wood, bones and stone.
TEST 13
They painted animals on the walls and roofs of caves.
4. Underline the two errors. Explain why this information is 1. c, 2. b, 3. a, 4. c, 5. b, 6. c, 7. a, 8. b, 9. a, 10. c.
not correct.
In the Palaeolithic Age, men and women lived in tribes. They
were hunters and farmers. They made tools from stone and 14 ANCIENT HISTORY
bronze. They painted animals on the walls and ceilings of 1. Complete the text.
caves and made small stone sculptures which represented
Two groups of people lived on the Iberian Peninsula in the
women.
first millennium B.C.: the Iberians and the Celts. Then, the
In the Palaeolithic Age, men and women were not farmers. first colonists arrived from across the Mediterranean Sea:
They gathered fruits and roots. They did not make tools the Phoenicians, the Greeks and the Carthaginians.
from bronze. They made simple tools from wood, bones
and stone. 2. Complete.
Their houses were round and not organised in streets.
5. Number in order starting from the oldest.
They ate the food they produced.
1 spear or harpoon, 2 ceramic bowl, 3 metal dagger
They were expert metalworkers.
3. Complete the chart. M. A.
About 7,000 years ago, human beings became crop
farmers and animal farmers. They built villages. Phoenicians: came from Asia; settled on the coast of
People learned to polish stone in order to make more Andalusia; founded Gadir, Sexi and Abdera.
sophisticated tools. Two other important developments Greeks: came from Greece; settled on the Mediterranean
were the making of cloth and pottery. They painted scenes coast; founded Rhode, Emporion and Saguntum.
of hunting and dancing in caves. This period is known as Carthaginians: came from Africa; settled on the Balearic
the Neolithic Age. Islands and in the east of the Peninsula; founded Ebusus
and Cartago Nova.
7. Look at the picture. What period of Prehistory is it?
Explain. M. A. 4. Use the key and colour the map. See Student Book page 170.
It is the Neolithic Age. It shows a village near a river, 5. What group of people lived in your Autonomous
crops, stables for animals and several pots. Community before the Roman conquest? M. A.
When did the Roman conquest of Hispania begin?
It began in 218 B.C.
Who did the Romans defeat in the Punic Wars?
They defeated the Carthaginians.
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Why did the Romans occupy Hispania? They were attracted 6. Circle the names of the Christian Kingdoms that existed in
by its natural resources, especially metals. the Iberian Peninsula around 1200.
What were the last territories that the Romans conquered? Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Navarre, Crown of Aragon,
They conquered the north last (Asturica Augusta). Kingdom of Castile, Kingdom of Portugal
7. Describe the Roman way of life. 7. Complete the text.
The inhabitants of Hispania gradually adopted Roman customs. In 1212, the Battle of Navas de Tolosa took place. The
They learnt to speak Latin, and they became Christians. armies of Castile, Navarre and Aragon together defeated
the Moorish troops. After this battle, King Ferdinand
8. The Romans divided Hispania into five provinces. What
III and, after him, Alfonso X, conquered nearly all of Al-
were their names?
Andalus. Only one Muslim territory remained on the
Baetica, Lusitania, Tarraconense, Gallaecia and Cartaginense. Peninsula: the Kingdom of Granada, which was conquered
9. Write correct versions of these sentences. in 1492 by the Catholic Monarchs.
In 218 B.C., the Romans arrived in Ampurias and defeated 8. Look at the picture and answer.
the Carthaginians. What kind of building is it?
In Hispania, each province was ruled by a governor. It is a church.
There were two groups of people in Roman society: free Describe the walls.
people and slaves. They are thick stone walls.
10. Write correct versions of these sentences. Describe the arches.
They are round.
M. A.: Many Roman buildings still remain standing, for
example, the aqueduct in Segovia, and the Roman theatre What period does this building
and amphitheatre in Merida. Many people in Spain are belong to? Explain. (M.A.) It is Romanesque because the
Christians. Spanish, Galician and Catalan are Latin-based building is not very tall and the walls are very thick. The
languages. windows are small. The arches are round.
9. What is the difference between mozarab and muladi?
TEST 14 The Mozarabs were Christians who continued to practise
their religion in Al-Andalus. The Muladi were Christians
1. a, 2. b, 3. b, 4. a, 5. b, 6. c, 7. b, 8. a, 9. a, 10. a.
who accepted the Muslim religion.
15 THE MIDDLE AGES What materials did Moorish architects use? They used
poor materials such as plaster and brick.
1. Read the text and name the kingdom.
Describe the walls. They were highly decorated.
The Visigoth kingdom.
What kind of arches did they use? They used many kinds
2. Write correct versions of these sentences. including horseshoe-shaped arches.
In 711 A.D., an army of Moors arrived from Africa and
invaded the Visigoth kingdom. TEST 15
At first, Al-Andalus was an emirate which depended on the
caliph of Damascus. 1. b, 2. c, 3. a, 4. a, 5. b, 6. c, 7. b, 8. a, 9. b, 10. b.
The emir Abd-ar-Rahman III took the title of caliph and
established the caliphate of Cordoba.
3. Put the events in chronological order.
1 Conquest and Emirate, 2 Independent emirate,
3 Caliphate, 4 Taifas 5 Kingdom ofGranada
4. Look at the map. What period of the Middle Ages does it
show? Explain. M. A.
It shows the beginning of the Middle Ages because most
of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands are
Muslim territory.
Where were the first Christian Kingdoms? They were in the
north of the Iberian Peninsula.
Who was Pelayo? He was a Visgoth nobleman who
founded the Kingdom of Asturias.
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1 TERM ASSESSMENT
Name Date
1 Identify the kingdom.

They do not make their own food. They cannot move by themselves.
They eat other living things. They can move by themselves.
They are unicellular. They can live inside other living things.
2 Match.
A group of similar cells an organ

A group of various systems a tissue

A group of similar organs an organism

A group of similar tissues a system

3 Complete the diagram.

Plants
Flowering plants

4 What do plants need to carry out photosynthesis?
5 Define the words.

Ecosystem

Parasite

Biosphere
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1
6 Write an example for each of these living things.

Producer
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
7 Write the names of the Earths layers.

The outer layer of the Earth. It is solid and made up of rocks.

The layer of the atmosphere which is essential for life on Earth.

All the water on Earth, which can be solid, liquid or gas.
Types of rock How they are formed Examples
9 Complete the definitions.
The is the closest star to the Earth.
A is a group of stars that seems to form a pattern in the sky.
The are large, sphere-shaped bodies which orbit around the Sun.
Our is called the Milky Way.

are giant balls of ice which orbit the Sun in a long, elliptical path.
10 Write the names of the planets.

Inner planets
Outer planets
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2 TERM ASSESSMENT
Name Date

What are the two types of properties of matter?

What is volume?
What are the two types of changes in matter?

When do chemical changes occur?
2 Define three methods used to separate different substances in a mixture.
3 Explain the difference between the force of gravity and the force of friction.
4 Write the class of lever.

5 Describe the Cantabrian coast.
Location:
Characteristics:
Main landforms:
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2
6 Write an example for each relief feature.

A mountain chain on the Inner Plateau.
A mountain range surrounding the Inner Plateau.
A river basin beyond the Inner Plateau.
A mountain range beyond the Inner Plateau.
7 Describe the temperatures and precipitation of an Oceanic climate.

What regions of Spain have an Oceanic climate?
8 Describe the vegetation of a Mediterranean forest.
9 Write the names of the rivers numbered on the map.
Cantabrian Sea
n
R. Ne r vi
R.
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ln
o
ANDORRA
i
M
1
Llobregat
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1 R.
.... 5
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A T L A N T I C 2
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O C E A N R. ..........
3
RT
3
R. .........
........ R. Jca
r
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R. Se
4
......
.....
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a 4
...... Se
R. ..
n
n ea
t er
ra
Scale 5
ATLANTIC OCEAN
di 0 150
Ceuta Me
Melilla Kilometres
U10-3
10 Name the three main watersheds in Spain.

189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 169 27/10/11 15:17

3 TERM ASSESSMENT
Name Date
1 What is population density?

Now, calculate the population density of Asturias.
Inhabitants Surface area (km2) Population density
Asturias 1,084,341 10,604
2 Explain the graph. This part represents the active population of Spain.
Tertiary
sector
(65%)
Secondary
Primary
sector sector
(5%) (30%)
3 Give examples of jobs in each economic sector.
Primary sector
Secondary sector
Service sector
4 Complete
the diagram. the King
Political
institutions
of Spain
parliament
judges
189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 170 27/10/11 15:17

3
5 Copy and complete the chart.

Palaeolithic Age Neolithic Age Metal Ages
Where did people live?
What tools did they use?
What works of art did they make?
6 Name three inventions from the Metal Ages.

7 Look at the map. What does it show? Cantabrian Sea Main Roman
roads
GALL AE C I A
OCEAN
Pompaelo
Asturica
Augusta TA R R AC O N E N S I S
Numantia
Cesaraugusta
Tarraco
LUSITANI A Toletum
Olisipo Emerita
C A RTAG I N E N S I S
Augusta
Hispalis Corduba
MEDITERRANEAN
AT L A N T I C
BA E T I C A SEA
8 Who were the colonizing civilizations in Spain? Where did they settle?
179247U14p170h2 vas romanas

When was the Battle of Navas de Tolosa?
What armies fought each other?

Which army won?
10 Describe Romanesque buildings.

189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 171 27/10/11 15:17

TERM 1 TEST
Name Date
1. All living things are made up of 6. are carnivorous animals

a. bacteria. that hunt other animals for food.
b. cells. a. Scavengers
c. bones and muscles. b. Parasites
c. Predators
2. are the smallest living
things. 7. The ozone layer is in the upper
a. Fungi a. troposphere.
b. Bacteria b. hydrosphere.
c. Algae c. stratosphere.
3. do not produce fruit. The 8. is the removal of soil

seeds are grouped together in cones. and rock materials by water, wind or ice.
a. Gymnosperms a. Sedimentation
b. Fungi b. Transport
c. Angiosperms c. Erosion
4. is made when raw sap 9. are the four planets

mixes with carbon dioxide. closest to the Sun.
a. Elaborated sap a. Dwarf planets
b. Phloem vessels b. The outer planets
c. Chlorophyll c. The inner planets
5. is made up of all the 10. is a collection of

populations that interact in an ecosystem. thousands or millions of stars.
a. A population a. A constellation
b. An individual b. A comet
c. A community c. A galaxy
189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 172 27/10/11 15:17

TERM 2 TEST
Name Date
1. is the amount of matter 6. goes from Estaca de

in an object. Bares Point to the Mio estuary.
a. Mass a. The Galician coast
b. Density b. The Atlantic coast
c. Volume c. The Mediterranean coast
2. Minerals are 7. The climate of the regions in the north of

a. pure substances. the Peninsula is
b. homogeneous substances. a. the Oceanic climate.
c. heterogeneous substances. b. the Mediterranean climate.
c. the Mountain climate.
3. is a force between two
surfaces that slows down moving objects. 8. In the north of the Canary Islands with
a. Gravity the highest altitudes, there are many
b. Friction a. eucalyptus forests.
c. Speed b. oak forests.
c. laurel forests.
4. In , the force is applied
between the fulcrum and the load. 9. The River Duero is in
a. first-class levers a. the Mediterranean watershed.
b. second-class levers b. the Cantabrian watershed.
c. third-class levers c. the Atlantic watershed.
5. The Picos de Europa are in 10. The Serena reservoir is in

a. the Cantabrian Range. a. the Guadiana river basin.
b. the Iberian Mountain Chain. b. the Tagus river basin.
c. the Sierra Morena. c. the Ebro river basin.
189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 173 27/10/11 15:17

TERM 3 TEST
Name Date
1. The Spanish population is growing 7. The Phoenicians founded

because of a. Gadir.
a. positive natural growth and b. Cartago Nova.
immigration.
c. Rhode.
b. high birth rate and high death rate.
c. emigration and natural growth. 8. The Emperor completed
the Roman conquest of Spain.
2. The active population includes a. Hannibal
a. children under 16 and retired people. b. Augustus
b. students and people who are ill. c. Viriathus
c. people who are of legal working age
and are employed. 9. The Muslims arrived from Africa and
invaded the Visigoth kingdom in
3. employs the most people
a. 308.
and generates the most wealth in Spain.
b. 711.
a. The primary sector
c. 1212.
b. The secondary sector
c. The tertiary sector 10. After the conquest of the Kingdom
ofGranada, there were four kingdoms:
4. In Spain, the Head of State is
a. the Crown of Castile, the Crown of
a. the President. Aragon, Al-Andalus, the Kingdom
b. the King. ofNavarre.
c. the President and the Parliament. b. the Crown of Castile, Al-Andalus, the
Kingdom of Portugal, the Kingdom
5. In the Palaeolithic Age, people ofNavarre.
a. were nomads. c. the Crown of Castile, the Crown
b. became sedentary. ofAragon, the Kingdom of Portugal,
the Kingdom of Navarre.
c. lived in villages.
6. The wheel was invented in

a. the Palaeolithic Age.
b. the Neolithic Age.
c. the Metal Ages.
189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 174 27/10/11 15:17

Answer key TERM assessments
TERM 1 ASSESSMENT
1. Identify the kingdom.
They do not make their own food. They cannot move by themselves: fungi kingdom.
They eat other living things. They can move by themselves: animal kingdom.
They are unicellular. They can live inside other living things: bacteria kingdom.
2. Match.
A group of similar cells: a tissue. A group of various systems: an organism. A group of similar organs: a system.
A group of similar tissues: an organ.

Flowering plants: gymnosperms and angiosperms. Non-flowering plants: mosses and ferns.
4. What do plants need to carry out photosynthesis? Water, mineral salts, carbon dioxide and sunlight.
5. Define the words.

Ecosystem: all the living things and the physical environment in one place.
Parasite: a living thing that feeds off other living things without killing them.
Biosphere: the planet Earth and all living things that inhabit it.
6. Write an example for each of these living things. M. A.

Producer: a plant (grass). Primary consumer: a herbivore (rabbit). Secondary consumer: a carnivore (owl).
7. Write the names of the Earths layers.

The crust; the troposphere; the hydrosphere.

Igneous rocks: formed when magma cools and solidifies. Examples: granite and basalt.
Sedimentary rocks: formed from pieces of other rocks or pieces of living things. Examples: coal and sandstone.
Metamorphic rocks: formed when heat or pressure changes the original rocks. Examples: marble and slate.
9. Complete the definitions.
Sun; constellation; planets; galaxy, Comets.
10. Write the names of the planets.

Inner planets: Mercury, Venus, the Earth, Mars. Outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
TERM 1 TEST
1. b, 2. b, 3. a, 4. a, 5. c, 6. c, 7. c, 8. c, 9. c, 10. c.
189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 175 27/10/11 15:17

Answer keyTERM ASSESSMENT
TERM 2 ASSESSMENT
What are the two types of properties of matter? Matter has general properties and specific properties.
What is volume? Volume is the amount of space an object occupies.
What are the two types of changes in matter? Chemical changes and changes of state.
When do chemical changes occur? Chemical changes occur when substances change into other substances.
2. Define three methods used to separate different substances in a mixture. M. A.

Filtration can be used to separate a liquid from a solid.
Decantation can be used to separate homogeneous mixtures of substances with different densities.
Evaporation can be used to separate homogeneous mixtures.
3. Explain the difference between the force of gravity and the force of friction.
Gravity is the force which attracts all bodies towards the Earths surface. Friction is a force between two surfaces that slows
down moving objects. Friction happens when two things rub against each other.
4. Write the class of lever.

First-class lever; second-class lever; third-class lever.
5. Describe the Cantabrian coast.

Location: It extends from the Estaca de Bares Point to the French border.
Characteristics: high and rocky with many cliffs and estuaries.
Main landforms: Cape Matxitxako, the Bay of Biscay, the Aviles estuary, Cape Ajo and Estaca de Bares Point.
6. Write an example for each relief feature. M. A.

A mountain chain on the Inner Plateau: the Central Mountain Chain.
A mountain range surrounding the Inner Plateau: the Mountains of Leon.
A river basin beyond the Inner Plateau: the Ebro river basin.
A mountain range beyond the Inner Plateau: the Galician Massif.
7. Describe temperatures and precipitation of an Oceanic climate.

Temperatures are mild all year round. Precipitation is abundant all year round.
What regions of Spain have an Oceanic climate? The regions in the North of the Peninsula have an Oceanic climate:
Navarre, the Basque Country, Asturias, Galicia and part of Aragon and Castile and Leon.
8. Describe the vegetation of a Mediterranean forest.

A wide variety of plants grow in a Mediterranean forest, for example, trees: such as holm oak, cork and pine trees; shrubs:
such as the Kermes oak, rockrose and some aromatic plants, such as thyme, lavender, broom and rosemary.
9. Write the names of the rivers numbered on the map.

1. Duero; 2. Tagus; 3. Guadiana; 4. Guadalquivir; 4. Ebro.
10. Name the three main watersheds in Spain.

The Cantabrian watershed.
The Mediterranean watershed.
The Atlantic watershed.
TERM 2 TEST
1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. c, 5. a, 6. a, 7. a, 8. c, 9. a, 10. a.
189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 176 13/02/13 12:06

Answer key TERM ASSESSMENT
TERM 3 ASSESSMENT
1. What is population density?
Population density is the number of inhabitants per square kilometre.
Now, calculate the population density of Asturias.
1,084,341 divided by 10,604 = 102.
2. Explain the graph. This part represents the active population of Spain.
Five out of every 100 people in Spain work in the primary sector. Thirty out of every 100 people work in the secondary sector.
Sixty-five out of every 100 people work in the tertiary sector.
3. Give examples of jobs in each economic sector. M. A.

Primary sector: fishing, agriculture, mining.
Secondary sector: chemical industries, electrical supplies, construction industries.
Service sector: education, health services, tourism.

Head of State: the King The Parliament: deputies / senators
The Government: the President / the ministers Courts of Justice: magistrates / judges
5. Copy and complete the chart.

Palaeolithic Age Neolithic Age Metal Ages
Where did people live? In the open, in caves and in In small villages In towns
simple huts
What tools did they use? Simple tools from wood, bones Polished stone tools: hoes, Tools made from copper,
and stone sickles and hand mills bronze and iron
What works of art did they They painted animals on the Painters depicted hunting They built monuments
make? walls and ceilings of caves. They scenes and people dancing with huge stones called
made small stone sculptures. or gathering plants megaliths.
6. Name three inventions from the Metal Ages.

The wheel, the sail and the plough.
7. Look at the map. What does it show?

It is a map of Roman Hispania. It shows how the Romans organised the territories into five provinces.
8. Who were the colonising civilizations in Spain? Where did they settle?
The Phoenicians settled on the coast of Andalusia. The Greeks settled on the Mediterranean coast. The Carthaginians
settled on the Balearic Islands and in the east of the Peninsula.

When was the Battle of Navas de Tolosa? In the year 1212.
What armies fought each other? The armies of Castile, Navarre and Aragon together fought the Moorish troops.
Which army won? The armies of Castile, Navarre and Aragon.
10. Describe Romanesque buildings. M. A.

Romanesque buildings were not very tall. They had very thick walls and few windows. Consequently, they were dark inside.
The doors and windows had round arches.
TERM 3 TEST
1. a, 2. c, 3. c, 4. b, 5. a, 6. c, 7. a, 8. b, 9. b, 10. c.
189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 177 27/10/11 15:17

FINAL ASSESSMENT
Name Date
1 Complete.
All living things are made up of . Cells have three main parts:
the , the and the cytoplasm.
Living things are classified into five kingdoms: , ,
, and the fifth kingdom, which includes protozoa and algae.
2 What main group of flowering plants does this tree belong to? Explain.
3 Complete the diagram. Planet Earth
is made up of
the geosphere
is made up of is made up of
other exterior
layers
4 What are three specific properties of matter?
5 Draw arrows showing the force of friction

and movement.
189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 178 27/10/11 15:17

6 Write the names.
These mountains divide Castile and Leon from Asturias
and Cantabria.
The highest peak on the Iberian Peninsula.
A very long mountain range which goes from
the Cantabrian Sea to the Mediterranean. The highest
mountain is the Aneto.
This coast extends from the Estaca de Bares Point to the
French border.
The main mountain range on the Balearic Islands.
The highest peak in Spain.
A river which has many tributaries such as the Aragon,
the Gallego and the Segre.
7 Describe the climate of your Autonomous Community or City.
8 Write the period of Prehistory.

Simple tools were made from bones and stone.
The plough was invented.
People built dolmens.
Human beings became sedentary.
People hunted and gathered fruits and roots.
9 Write a few sentences about the Roman conquest of Hispania.

When did the Muslims invade the Visigoth kingdom?
Who was Abd-ar-raman III?
Who were the Catholic Monarchs?
189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 179 13/02/13 12:06

FINAL TEST
Name Date
1. Similar cells that carry out a common 6. Living beings that eat the dead bodies of
function are grouped together to form other animals are
a. an organism. a. scavengers.
b. a tissue. b. parasites.
c. systems and organisms. c. predators.
2. Plant cells have special organelles called 7. The inner layer of the Earth is the
a. organs. a. crust.
b. membranes. b. mantle.
c. chloroplasts. c. core.
3. Angiosperms produce 8. are formed from pieces

a. fruit with seeds inside. of other rocks or pieces of living things.
b. seeds grouped together in cones. a. Igneous rocks
c. seeds with fruit inside. b. Sedimentary rocks
c. Metamorphic rocks
4. Elaborated sap is distributed from the
leaves to all parts of the plant through 9. The four planets farthest away from the
a. roots. Sun which are composed mainly of gas
b. phloem vessels. are
c. xylem vessels. a. the inner planets.

b. the outer planets.
5. Herbivores are
c. the dwarf planets.
a. primary consumers.
b. secondary consumers. 10. Our Solar System belongs to a spiral
galaxy called the
c. producers.
a. Kuiper Belt
b. Milky Way.
c. Ursa Mayor.
189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 180 27/10/11 15:17

FINAL TEST
Name Date
11. Specific properties of matter 16. extends from the Estaca

a. are common to all matter. de Bares Point to the French border.
b. vary from one substance to another a. The Cantabrian Coast
and enable us to distinguish one b. The Atlantic Coast
object from another.
c. The Mediterranean Coast
c. are the amount of space an object
occupies. 17. The Canary Islands have
a. an Oceanic climate.
12. is when a solid becomes
a gas, without first becoming a liquid. b. a Subtropical climate.
a. Condensation c. a Mediterranean climate.
b. Sublimation 18. The climate of the highest areas in Spain
c. Boiling is called
a. Mountain climate.
13. is the force which
attracts all bodies towards the Earths b. Oceanic climate.
surface. c. Subtropical climate.
a. Friction
19. is the route of the river
b. Attraction from its source to its mouth.
c. Gravity a. The flow
14. The pulley b. The regime
a. reduces friction with the ground. c. The course
b. changes the direction needed to 20. Rivers in the Cantabrian watershed
apply force.
a. are long with very abundant flow
c. allows you to pull upwards and lift regimes.
the object.
b. are short with abundant flow
15. separates Castile and regimes.
Leon from Asturias and Cantabria. c. have an irregular flow.
a. The Cantabrian Range
b. The Iberian Mountain Chain
c. The Subbetic Range
189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 181 13/02/13 12:06

FINAL TEST
Name Date
21. The population density of Spain is 26. is a megalithic

greater monument consisting of a large standing
a. in coastal areas, on the islands and stone.
in the province of Madrid. a. A dolmen
b. in the inland provinces. b. A menhir
c. in the north. c. A cromlech
22. includes people who do 27. The Celts lived

not receive a salary because they are ill. a. in the centre of the Peninsula and on
a. The active population the Atlantic coast.
b. The inactive population b. on the coast of Andalusia, where
c. The unemployed population they founded colonies, such as Gadir.
c. on the Balearic Islands and in the
23. There are two types of trade: east of the Peninsula.
a. exports and imports.
28. The Romans divided Hispania into
b. domestic trade and foreign trade.
a. legionaries.
c. the primary sector and secondary
sector. b. Autonomous Communities.
c. provinces.
24. The parliament is made up of
a. the Congress of Deputies and the 29. The Catholic Monarchs conquered
government. a. the Canary Islands in 711.
b. the Constitutional Court and the b. Al-Andalus in the Battle of Navas de
Supreme Court. Tolosa.
c. the Congress of Deputies and the c. the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada in
Senate. 1492.
25. The Palaeolithic Age, the Neolithic Age 30. Gothic churches are characterized by
and the Metal Ages are periods of a. cement and concrete.
a. Prehistory. b. large doors and windows with
b. Ancient history. pointed arches.
c. the Middle Ages. c. doors and windows with round
arches.
189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 182 27/10/11 15:17

Answer key FINAL assessments
1. Complete.
cells; membrane, nucleus; animal, plant, fungi, bacteria.
2. What main group of flowering plants does this tree belong to? Explain.
It is a gymnosperm plant because we can see that its seeds are grouped together in a cone.

Geosphere: crust, mantle, core
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere: troposphere, stratosphere
4. What are three specific properties of matter?

Colour, density and hardness.
5. Draw arrows showing the forces of friction and movement.

Friction = an arrow pointing to the left. Movement = an arrow pointing to the right.
6. Write the names.

These mountains separate Castile and Leon from Asturias and Cantabria: the Cantabrian Range.
The highest peak on the Iberian Peninsula: Mulhacen.
A very long mountain range which goes from the Cantabrian Sea to the Mediterranean.
The highest mountain is the Aneto: the Pyrenees.
This coast extends from the Estaca de Bares Point to the French border: the Cantabrian Coast.
The main mountain range on the Balearic Islands: Tramuntana Range.
The highest peak in Spain: Mount Teide.
A river which has many tributaries such as the Aragon, the Gallego and the Segre: the River Ebro.
7. Describe the climate of your Autonomous Community or City. O. A.
8. Write the period of Prehistory.

Simple tools were made from bones and stone: the Palaeolithic Age.
The plough was invented: the Metal Ages.
People built dolmens: the Metal Ages.
Human beings became sedentary: the Neolithic Age.
People hunted and gathered fruits and roots: the Palaeolithic Age.
9. Write a few sentences about the Roman conquest of Hispania. M.A.

The Roman conquest of the Peninsula started in 218 B.C. and ended in 19 B.C. The Romans organised Hispania into
provinces, spread the Latin language, created cities and introduced Christianity. Hispano-Roman society consisted of two
groups of people: free people and slaves.

When did the Muslims invade the Visigoth kingdom? In the year 711.
Who was Abd-ar-Rahman III? He was a caliph who established the caliphate of Cordoba.
Who were the Catholic Monarchs? Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon.
FINAL TEST
1. b, 2. c, 3. a, 4. b, 5. a, 6. a, 7. c, 8. b, 9. b, 10. b.
11. b, 12. b, 13. c, 14. b, 15. a, 16. a, 17. b, 18. a, 19. c, 20. b.
21. a, 22. b, 23. b, 24. c, 25. a, 26. b, 27. a, 28. c, 29. c, 30. b.
189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 183 13/02/13 12:06

Top Science 5 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana,
under the supervision of Enric Juan Redal and Vicki Caballero.
English adaptation: David Folkers

Managing editor: Sheila Tourle
Editorial team: Sheila Klaiber, Vassilia Katte and Grace Lloyd
Art director: Jos Crespo

Design coordinator: Rosa Marn
Design Team:
Interiors design: Jorge Gmez Tobar
Cover design: Pep Carri
Cover illustration: Javier Vzquez
Design development coordinator: Javier Tejeda
Design development: Jos Luis Garca and Ral de Andrs
Technical director: ngel Garca Encinar

Technical coordinator: Marisa Valbuena
Layout: Hilario Simn and Antonio Daz
Art coordination: Carlos Aguilera
Illustrations: Jordi Baeza, Paul Coulbois, Carlos Fernndez, Digitalartis, Jorge Salas and Bartolom Segu.
Photo research: Amparo Rodrguez
Photographs: I. Rovira; J. Jaime; TERRANOVA INTERPRETACIN Y GESTION AMBIENTAL; ISTOCKPHOTO; ARCHIVO SANTILLANA.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise without the
prior permission in writing of the copyright holders. Any infraction of the rights mentioned
would be considered a violation of the intellectual property (Article 270 of the Penal Code).
If you need to photocopy or scan any fragment of this work, contact CEDRO
(Centro Espaol de Derechos Reprogrficos, www.cedro.org).
However, the publisher grants permission for the photocopying of those pages marked
photocopiable, for individual use or for use in classes taught by the purchaser only.
Under no circumstances may any part of this book be photocopied for resale.
2011 by Santillana Educacin, S. L. / Richmond Publishing Richmond Publishing

Torrelaguna, 60. 28043 Madrid 58 St Aldates
Oxford OX1 ST
Richmond Publishing is an imprint
United Kingdom
of Santillana Educacin, S. L.
Printed in Spain
ISBN: 978-84-294-9240-8
CP: 189725
D.L.: M-43783-2011
189725 _ 0166-0184.indd 184 13/02/13 12:06

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Top Science 5 PRIMARY

189725 _ 0001-0007.indd 1 27/10/11 15:11

Reinforcement and extension worksheets

There are forty-two reinforcement worksheets. These materials

12 The Earths crust ReinfoRcement 5 Star gazing EXTENSION

Name Date Name Date

Scorpions and dragons, princesses and hunters,

2 Number these processes in the correct order. 1 Read and answer.

The material settles at the foot of another mountain.

3 Write an example for each case.

189725 _ 0001-0007.indd 2 27/10/11 15:11

There are six double-page diagnostic tests. They are to be completed

6 History DIAGNOSTIC TEST

1 Look at the picture. Circle five errors.

Millenium Decade Century

7 Look at the picture. What period in history does it represent? Explain.

4 Make your own timeline.

8 Write one example for each.

An important monument in your Autonomous Community or City:

A famous historic person from your Autonomous Community or City:

Individual results chart

The individual results chart indicates areas in which a student has

Individual results chart IndIvIduAL RESuLTS CHART

Yes NP* Comments Yes NP* Comments

understand how plants make food. differentiate between municipalities,

189725 _ 0001-0007.indd 3 27/10/11 15:11

1 Living things ASSESSmEnt

1 Answer the questions. organism a group of similar tissues

Why do we call cells living things? organ a group of various systems

8 Write the name of the kingdom.

3 How are plant cells different from animal cells? Explain.

Where are unicellular living things found?

How can we see unicellular living things?

5 Write in order from the simplest to the most complex.

What kingdom do algae belong to?

Term assessment worksheets

6 Write the name of a living thing for each example.

The layer of the atmosphere which is essential to life on Earth.

A group of similar tissues a system

3 Complete the diagram.

A is a group of stars that seems to form a pattern in the sky.

Our is called the Milky Way.

5 Define the words. 10 Write the names of the planets.

189725 _ 0001-0007.indd 4 27/10/11 15:11

The Earth TEST 4

Circle the correct option.

1. The inner layer of the geosphere is 7. In a volcano, magma goes up through a

5. The layer closest to the Earths surface is

6. The three components of soil are

At the end of the Activity Book,

Read and do! pages per term.

In addition, there are instructions

of the year quiz.

Teachers Book Teachers Resource Book

DIGITAL MATERIAL ALSO AVAILABLE

305586_C.indd 1 10/03/11 8:17

189725 _ 0001-0007.indd 5 28/10/11 14:49

T o p Scien ce i-s o lutio n s

8 431300 120 600

resources to the classroom. These CDs provide materials

for interactive whiteboard presentations and practice,

Digital Flashcards, Posters and Web bank 305623_CD.indd 1 18/01/11 12:37

The flashcard bank has over 200 images which can be

This part controls the function of the cell:

Animal and plant cells are different. Animal cells can be

Plant cells are

What time of day does the process of photosynthesis take place?

How do mineral salts enter plants?

How does a cutting produce a new plant?

How does grafting produce a new plant?